The Hon. Avern Cohn, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Michigan, sitting by

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designation. 

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION

File Name: 08a0017n.06

Filed: January 8, 2008

06-3799

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

CARLOS GORDON,

Petitioner,

v.

MICHAEL MUKASEY, United States

Attorney General,

Respondent.

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ON PETITION FOR REVIEW

FROM THE BOARD OF

IMMIGRATION APPEALS

Before: RYAN and DAUGHTREY, Circuit Judges; COHN, District Judge. *

PER CURIAM. We have before us a petition for review of a decision of the Board

of Immigration Appeals (BIA) denying petitioner Carlos Gordon’s motion to reopen his case

to permit consideration of his application for adjustment of status by the Department of

Homeland Security. The application would constitute Gordon’s second attempt to avoid

removal from the United States as an illegal alien through adjustment of status based on

marriage to an American citizen.

Gordon is a native of Jamaica who entered the United States as a non-immigrant

visitor in April 2000 and overstayed his visa, eventually marrying Nicole Johnson, a United
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States citizen, on February 14, 2001. The couple separated less than a year later, and

Gordon’s initial application for adjustment of status was denied in September 2001, as the

result of Johnson’s withdrawal of her I-130 Petition for Alien Relative. An immigration

judge ordered Gordon’s removal in August 2004, denying both withholding of removal and

relief underthe United Nations Convention Against Torture. The BIA affirmed that decision

on December 1, 2005. 

Gordon claims that sometime shortly after the BIA’s decision came down, he and

Johnson reconciled and once again began living together as husband and wife. As a

result, Johnson filed a new I-130 petition on Gordon’s behalf in January 2006, a petition

that is apparently still pending resolution. Approximately one month later, Gordon filed a

motion before the BIA, seeking to reopen his case in order to apply for adjustment of status

pending the approval of Nicole’s I-130 visa petition.

The BIA denied the motion to reopen, finding both “the previous withdrawal by

[Johnson] of the original visa petition she filed [on the petitioner’s] behalf to be a significant

factor to be considered” and also “the timing of the [couple’s] reconciliation to be somewhat

suspect.” In its written decision in this matter, the Board furthermore explained:

[W]e find the evidence presented in support of [Gordon’s] motion to be

somewhat scant and limited, and insufficient to demonstrate the bona fides

of the marriage. It consists only of [an apartment] lease, the I-864, the G325 forms, and some pictures and cards. [The government] correctly noted

in its Opposition that the first two pages of the I-864 executed by [Johnson]

are missing . . . . In addition, while the motive for the alteration of the lease

is unclear, it does appear that the page numbers were changed. Examples
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of other types of evidence which could have been submitted to demonstrate

the bona fides of the marriage include evidence of a joint bank account to

show commingling of financial resources, joint utility bills, joint insurance

policies, or affidavits of third parties having knowledge of the bona fides of

the marital relationship. None of these was presented.

We have consistently recognized that “a motion to reopen should not be granted

unless the petitioner makes a prima facie showing that the statutory requirements for the

underlying relief have been met.” Yousif v. INS, 794 F.2d 236, 241 (6th Cir. 1986).

Nevertheless, “even if the petitioner meets his burden of showing a prima facie case of

eligibility, the Board may, within its discretion, deny the motion.” Id. Because the decision

of the Board whether to grant or to deny a motion to reopen is thus within the sound

discretion of the BIA, see 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(a); Haddad v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 515, 517

(6th Cir. 2006), we will not overturn it unless “the denial of [the] motion to reopen . . . was

made without a rational explanation, inexplicably departed from established policies, or

rested on an impermissible basis such as invidious discrimination against a particular race

or group.” Allabani v. Gonzales, 402 F.3d 668, 675 (6th Cir. 2005) (citing Balani v. INS,

669 F.2d 1157, 1161 (6th Cir. 1982)).

There simply was no such deficiency in this case. The BIA explicitly determined that

Gordon failed to establish prima facie eligibility for adjustment of status based upon a

marriage to an American citizen, observing that Gordon’s application to reopen did not

contain any of the usual indications of a bona fide marriage relationship with Nicole

Johnson. Most of the exhibits that the petitioner did attach to his motion – the couple’s
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marriage license from 2001, pictures from the wedding ceremony, undated photographs

of the couple, and undated notes written by one or the other of the couple – are, moreover,

wholly irrelevant to a determination of whether the couple was truly living together as

husband and wife in 2006. The only evidence of that fact produced by the petitioner was

a copy of an apartment lease purportedly signed by Gordon and Johnson on December

15, 2005, exactly two weeks after the BIA’s decision upholding the immigration judge’s

decision denying Gordon withholding of removal and relief under the Convention. We

agree with the Board that the suspicious timing of the lease, as well as the absence of any

additional evidence – such as receipts for the payment of rent on the apartment, utility bills

in the name of both Gordon and Johnson, and similar indicia of a legitimate, ongoing

marriage – severely undercuts the possible finding of a prima facie case. Certainly, we

cannot say that the denial of the motion to reopen constituted an abuse of discretion under

the significantly deferential standard of Yousif.

“Prima facie evidence, according [to] the BIA, is evidence that ‘reveals a reasonable

likelihood that the statutory requirements for relief have been satisfied.’” Alizoti v.

Gonzales, 477 F.3d 448, 452 (6th Cir. 2007) (quoting Matter of S– V–, 22 I&N Dec. 1306,

1308 (BIA 2000)). We conclude that the existence of two signatures on a form lease,

without more, is wholly inadequate to establish a prima facie case that a married couple,

separated for over four years, has resumed cohabitation under circumstances that would

establish a bona fide marriage under the immigration statutes. There is no basis upon

which to overturn the ruling of the BIA in this matter.
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For this reason, we DENY the petition for review.