FILED U.S. COURT OF AP P EALS E LEVEN T HC IRC U IT MAY 11, 2007 THOMAS K. KAH

N CLERK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

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________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e N o rth e rn D is tr ic t o f G e o r g ia

_________________________ ( M ay 11, 2007) B efo re A N D E R S O N , B A R K E T T an d H U L L , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: S tu a rt M a n le y ap p e a ls h is 3 6 0 - m o n th s e n te n c e im p o s e d a f te rh e p le d g u ilty t o chi l d p orno graphy charges . O n app ea l , M anl eyar gu es thatthe di stri ctcourtAlthough Ma nley repor ted to the UCA that his son was 12 years old, it was later 1 deter mined that Manley ’s son was bor n on August 10, 1993, and there fore , was only 11 years old at the time of the off

ense in May

2005. 2 (1) e rr ed i n cal cul at i ng hi s a dv i sorygu i del i nes r ange; and (2) i m po se d an u n r e a s o n ab le s e n te n c e . A f te rr e v ie w , w e a f

f irm . I . B AC KG RO UN D O n M ay6, 20 05 , D ef

endantM anl eycont ac t ed an un derc ov erF B I C yber C ri m e/ Inno ce ntIm ages T as k F orce A gent(“ U C A ”) i n an A m er i caO nl i ne chat r o o m . T h e U C A w a s p o s in g a s a3 3 - y e ar - o ld f e m a le w ith a1 2 - y e a r - o ld d au g h te r . T hrou gh a s er i es of on l i ne chat s, M anl eyexpres se d h i s des i re t o eng age i n sexual a c tiv ity w ith b o th th e U C A a n d h e rd au g h te ra n d a d v is e d th a t th e U C A a ls o c o u ld h a v e s e x w ith M a n le y ’s 1 2 - y e a r - o ld s o n . M a n le y s e n t th e U C A m u ltip le e m a ils 1 c ont a i ni ng i m a ge s of

c hi l d pornogr aphy , i nc l udi ng s om e i m a ge s of M a nl e y ’ s s on w i th hi s pe ni s e xpos e d. M anl ey , w ho re si ded i n T exas , arrang ed t o m ee tthe U C A and h erdaug ht er on M a y 20, 2005, a tar e s t aur a ntne a rA t l a nt a , G e or gi a . M a nl e y w a s a rr e s t e d by F B I A g en ts at th e r es tau ra n t w ith o u t i n cid en t. A su b se q u en t sea rc h o f M an ley’s ho t el room re sul t ed i n the se i zure of se vera l i t em s, i ncl ud i ng a l apt op com pu t er , tw o “ thu m b d ri ves, ” and se vera l i t em s a ss oci at ed w i th sexual ac t i vi ty. Itw as l at er de t e rm i ne d tha tM a nl e y ’ s l apt op c om put e ra nd one of the thum b dr i ve s c ont a i ne d a3

t ot a l of 401 i m a ge s of

c hi l d pornogr aphy , i nc l udi ng s om e i m a ge s of M a nl e y ’ s s on. A fe dera l grand j ury r eturned a three -c ou nti nd i ctm ent , char gi ng M anl ey w ith ( 1 ) u s in g am e a n s o f in te r s ta te c o m m e r c e to e n tic e am in o rto e n g a g e in s e x u a l a c tiv ity , in v io la tio n o f 1 8 U .S .C . § 2 4 2 2 ( b ) ; ( 2 ) tr a n s p o rtin g c h ild pornogr aphy i n i nt e r s t a t e c om m e r c e , i n vi ol a t i on of 18 U . S . C . § 2252A ( a ) ( 1) ; a nd ( 3 ) d i s tr i b u t i n g c h i l d p o rn o g r ap h y i n i n t e r s t a t e c o mme r c e , i n v i o l a t i o n o f 1 8 U . S. C. § 2 2 5 2 A ( a ) ( 2 ) ( A ) . M a n le y p le d g u ilty w ith o u t ap le aa g r e e m e n t. T h e p resen t en ce i n v est i g at i o n rep o rt(“ P S I”) reco m m en d ed a b ase o ffen se l e ve l of 32, pur s ua ntt o U . S . S . G . § 2G 2. 1( a ) . T he P S I a l s o r e c om m e nde d the f o llo w in g e n h a n c e m e n ts to M a n le y ’s b a s e o f f e n s e le v e l: ( 1 ) 4 le v e ls , p u r s u a n t to § 2G 2. 1( b) ( 1) ( A ) , be c aus e the of f e ns e i nvol ve d am i norw ho ha d nota tt a i ne d the ag e o f tw el v e years; (2 ) 2 l ev el s, p u rsu an tt o § 2 G 2 . 1 (b )(2 )(A ), b ecau se th e o ffen se in v o lv e d th e c o m m is s io n o f as e x u a l a c t o rs e x u a l c o n ta c t; ( 3 ) 2 le v e ls , p u r s u a n t to § 2 G 2 .1 ( b ) ( 3 ) , b e c au s e th e o f f e n s e in v o lv e d d is tr ib u tio n ; ( 4 ) 4 le v e ls , p u r s u a n t to § 2G 2. 1( b) ( 4) , be c aus e the of f e ns e i nvol ve d m a t e r i a l tha tportr a y s s a di s t i c or m a s o c h is tic c o n d u c t o ro th e rd e p ic tio n s o f v io le n c e ; ( 5 ) 2 le v e ls , p u r s u a n t to § 2 G 2. 1(b)(5), because M anl eyw as the parentof a m i no r i nv ol ved i n the offens e; a n d ( 6 ) 2 le v e ls , p u r s u a n t to § 2 G 2 .1 ( b ) ( 6 ) ( B ) , b e c au s e M a n le y u s e d ac o m p u te rto p e r s u a d e , in d u c e , e n tic e , o rc o e r c e am in o rto e n g a g e in s e x u a lly e x p lic it c o n d u c t.Be causeManley ’s total offense leve l was more tha n 43, it was treated as a

n offense leve l 2 of 43 fo r pur

po se s o f de termininghisadv iso ry guide lin e s rang e . Se eU. S.S. G. c h. 5, pt. A, c mt. n.2. 4 A fterap p li ca ti o n o f th es e v ar io u s s p ec ific o ff en se ch ar ac teristics, M an ley’s ad j u st ed o ffen se l ev el w as 4 8 . T h e P S I th en reco m m en d ed th atM an l ey’ s o ffen se l e ve l be ( 1) r e duc e d by 3 l e ve l s , pur s ua ntt o U . S . S . G . § 3E 1. 1, f ora c c e pt a nc e of re spon si bi l i ty; and (2) enhanced by 5 le vel s, pu rs uantt o U . S . S . G . § 4 B 1. 5(b), b ecau se M an l ey w as co n si d ered a rep eatan d d an g ero u s sex o ffen d er ag ai n st m i n o rs u n d er th e S en t en ci n g G u i d el i n es. A cco rd i n g l y, M an l ey’ s t o t al o ffen se le v e l w a s 5 0 . T h e P S I al so co n cl u d ed th atM an l ey h ad a t o t al o f 1 1 cri m i n al h i st o ry p o i n t s, i ncl ud i ng 2 p oi nt s f

or com m i tt i ng the i nst antoffe nse w hi l e M anl eyw as on parol e, r e s ul t i ng i n ac r i m i na l hi s t ory c a t e gory of V . W i th at ot a l of

f e ns e l e ve l of

50 a nd a cr i m i nal hi st ory c at egory of V , M anl ey ’ s a dv i sorygu i del i nes r ange w as l i fe im p riso n m en t. H o w ev er , th e c o m b in ed statu to ry m ax im u m se n ten ce fo r M an ley’s 2 three coun t s of c on vi ct i on w as 70 ye ar s’ i m pri sonm ent ; thu s M anl ey ’ s a dv i sory gu i del i nes s ent ence al so w as 70 ye ar s, or 84 0 m on ths. S ee U . S . S . G . § 5 G 1. 1(a) . A t s e n te n c in g , M a n le y r a is e d s e v e r a l o b je c tio n s to th e P S I . I n r e le v a n t p a rt, M an l ey o b

j ect ed t o (1 ) th e 4 -l ev el en h an cem en tth atw as b ased o n h i s o ffen se i nvol vi ng i m a ge s tha tportr a y s a di s t i c orm a s oc hi s t i c c onduc t ; a nd ( 2) the 2- poi nt5

i nc r e a s e t o hi s c r i m i na l hi s t ory s c or e f orc om m i tt i ng the i ns t a ntof f e ns e w hi l e on parol e. T he di stri ctcourtov errul ed these obj ec t i on s. In ac cordance w i th the P S I, the di stri ctcourtdet erm i ned thatM anl eyhad a t ot al offe nse l evel of 50 , a c ri m i nal h i st o ry cat eg o ry o f V , an d a m ax i m u m p u n i sh m en to f 7 0 years’ o r 8 4 0 m o n th s’ im p r is o n m e n t. M an ley th en ra ised th e f o ll o w in g m atters fo r th e d istrict co u rt’s c ons i de r a t i on i n de t e rm i ni ng a n appr opr i a t e s e nt e nc e : ( 1) the c ondi t i ons of M anl ey ’ s pre -tri al confi nem ent , because he w as kepti n a U ni t ed S t at es P e n ite n tia ry a s o p p o s e d to alo c a l o rr e g io n a l ja il, a n d th e r e f o r e , s u b je c te d to ha r s he rc ondi t i ons tha n m os tpr e - tr i a l de f e nda nt s ; ( 2) the f

a c ttha tM a nl e y w a s 64 y e a r s o ld a n d th a t p r is o n w ill b e h a r d a n d h a v e a“m o r e s ig n if ic a n t im p a c t” o n h im because of hi s a ge; and (3) thatM anl eyshou l d b e s entt o a fa ci l i ty w here he ca n g e t tr e a tm e n t in s te a d o f b e in g p la c e d in atr a d itio n a l in c a r c e r a tio n s e ttin g . In re spon se , the go vernm entar gu ed thatM anl ey ’ s s t at em entof apol og y w as

“ d i si n g en u o u s, ” an d th atth e st atu t o ry m ax i m u m sen t en ce o f 7 0 years’ i m pr i s onm e ntw a s appr opr i a t e gi ve n the s e r i ous ne s s of the of f e ns e , the ne e d f

or d e te rr e n c e , a n d th e n e e d to p r o te c t s o c ie ty f r o m f u rth e rc r im e s . In deci di ng w hatpu ni shm entt o i m po se , the di stri ctcourtcom m ent ed that M a nl e y ha d apr e di s pos i t i on t o c e rt a i n ur ge s tha tc oul d notbe he a l e d a de qua t e l y by6

m e nt a l he a l th tr e a tm e nta nd, gi ve n hi s a ge , di d notappe a rt o di m i ni s h w i th the pa s s a ge of

t i m e . T he di s tr i c tc ourts t a t e d, the r e f or e , tha t“ i nc apa c i t a t i on dr i ve s the s e nt e nc e , ” a nd tha t“ M a nl e y c a n’ tbe a l l ow e d outunde rc ondi t i ons tha the m i ght p resen ta th reatt o ch i l d ren . ” T h e d i stri ctco u rtn o t ed , h o w ev er, th at“ [a] s a prac t i ca l m att er , any s ub st ant i al se nt ence w i l l am ou ntt o a l i fe se nt ence , ” and that im p o s in g a n 8 4 0 - m o n th s e n te n c e w o u ld lo o klik e “g r a n d s ta n d in g ” a n d c o u ld c a s t a ba d l i ghton the j udi c i a l s y s t e m . F i na l l y , the di s tr i c tc ourtnot e d tha tthe vi c t i m s of M a n le y ’s ab u s e w e r e s e e k in g r e tr ib u tio n , a n d th a t M a n le y ’s s e n te n c e c o u ld prov i de a genera l det erre nce e ff ec t . A cc ordi ng l y, the di stri ctcourtse nt ence d M an l ey t o 3 6 0 m o n th s’ i m p ri so n m en to n C o u n tO n e an d 2 4 0 m o n th s’ i m pr i s onm e nton C ount s T w o a nd T hr e e , a l l t o run c onc urr e nt l y , a s w e l l a s 10 y e a r s ’ s u p e rv is e d r e le a s e . M anl eyno w appeal s hi s s ent ence . I I . DI S CUS S I ON O n appe a l , M a nl e y a r gue s tha tthe di s tr i c tc ourte rr e d by ( 1) appl y i ng a 4 -l ev el en h an cem en tt o h i s o ffen se l ev el b ased o n i t s fi n d i n g th ath i s o ffen se i nvol ve d m a t e r i a l tha tportr a y s s a di s t i c orm a s oc hi s t i c c onduc torothe rde pi c t i ons of vi ol e nc e ; ( 2) a ddi ng 2 poi nt s t o hi s c r i m i na l hi s t ory s c or e f orc om m i tt i ng the i nst antoffe nse w hi l e on p ar ol e; and (3) i m po si ng an un re as on abl e s ent ence .7

W e ne e d nota ddr e s s M a nl e y ’ s f i r s ttw o a r gum e nt s be c aus e , e ve n a s s um i ng a r gue ndo tha tthe di s tr i c tc ourte rr e d i n the tw o c a l c ul a t i ons i n i s s ue , a ny s uc h e rr or w as h arm l ess. E v en w i th o u tth e 4 -l ev el en h an cem en tfo r m at eri al th atp o rtrays s a d is tic o rm a s o c h is tic c o n d u c t a n d th e 2 c r im in a l h is to ry p o in ts , M a n le y s till wo u l d h a v e h a d at o t a l o f f e n s e l e v e l o f

4 6 a n d ac r i m i n a l h i s t o ry c a t e g o ry o f I V, w hi ch w ou l d h ave r es ul t ed i n the sa m e a dv i sorygu i del i nes s ent ence – l i fe im p r is o n m e n t, r e d u c e d to 8 4 0 m o n th s ’ im p r is o n m e n t o n a c c o u n t o f th e ap p lic ab le s ta tu to ry m a x im u m . T h e r e f o r e , th e d is tr ic t c o u rt’s g u id e lin e s c a lc u la tio n s a s to the s e tw o i s s ue s , e ve n i f e rr one ous , di d nota f

f e c tM a nl e y ’ s s ubs t a nt i a l r i ght s a nd w o u ld n o t r e q u ir e ar e v e r s a l. S e e F e d . R . C r im . P . 5 2 ( a ) . A s f orM a nl e y ’ s f

i na l a r gum e nt , a f

t e rU ni t e d S t a t e s v. B ooke r , 543 U . S . 220, 1 2 5 S . C t . 7 3 8 (2 0 0 5 ), a d i stri ctco u rt , i n d et erm i n i n g a reaso n ab l e sen t en ce, m u st c o n s i d e rth e c o rr e c t l y c a l c u l a t e d a d v i s o ry g u i d e l i n e s r a n g e a n d th e 1 8 U . S. C. § 3 5 5 3 ( a ) f

a c to r s . U n ite d S ta te s v . T a lle y , 4 3 1 F .3 d 7 8 4 , 7 8 6 ( 1 1 th C ir . 2 0 0 5 ) . A l tho ug h the di stri ctcourtm ustconsi der the § 3 55 3(a) fa ct ors, “ no thi ng i n B oo ker o re ls e w h e r e r e q u ir e s th e d is tr ic t c o u rt to s ta te o n th e r e c o r d th a t it h a s e x p lic itly consi dere d eac h o f the § 3 55 3(a) fa ct ors or t o d i sc uss e ac h o f the § 3 55 3(a) f a c t or s . ” U ni t e d S t a t e s v. S c ott , 426 F . 3d 1324, 1329 ( 11th C i r . 2005) . I ns t e a d, i nd i ca t i on s i n the re cord thatthe di stri ctcourtconsi dere d fac t s and ci rc um st ance sWe reviewthe def endant’ s ultim ate sentencefor reasona bleness in light of

the § 3553(a) 3 factors. United States v. Wil liams, 435 F.3d 1350, 1353 (11th Cir. 2006). This “[r]eview for rea sonablene ss is deferential,” a nd the par ty challenging thesentenc e “be ars the burden of e sta bli shingthat th esentenc eis unre a so na blein t helight o f b oth

[the ] re c ord a

nd thefac tors in section 3553(a).” Talley, 431 F.3d at 788. 8 f a l l i ng w i thi n § 3553( a ) ’ s f a c t or s w i l l s uf

f i c e . T a l l e y , 431 F . 3d a t786; S c ott , 426 F . 3d a t1329- 30. A f te rr e v ie w , w e c o n c lu d e th a t M a n le yh a s n o t s h o w n th a t h is 3 6 0 - m o n th se n ten ce is u n re as o n ab le. T h e d istrict co u rt co rr ec tl y d eter m in ed th at M an ley’s 3 ad v i so ry g u i d el i n es sen t en ce w as 8 4 0 m o n th s’ i m p ri so n m en t , b u tn ev erth el ess s e nt e nc e d hi m t o 360 m onths ’ i m pr i s onm e nt , as ubs t a nt i a l a m ountbe l ow the gui de l i ne s s e nt e nc e . F urthe rm or e , a l though the di s tr i c tc ourtdi d not , a nd w a s not r e qui r e d t o, di s c us s e a c h § 3553( a ) f a c t or , the r e c or d c l e a r l y i ndi c a t e s tha tthe d istrict co u rt co n sid er ed se v er al fa cts a n d circ u m stan ce s f alli n g w ith in § 3 5 5 3 (a )’s f a c t or s , i nc l udi ng ( 1) M a nl e y ’ s a ge a nd the f a c ttha thi s de vi a ntur ge s ha ve not di m i ni s he d w i th the pa s s a ge of t i m e , 18 U . S . C . § 3553( a ) ( 1) ; ( 2) the ne e d f orthe s e nt e nc e t o pr ot e c tthe publ i c f r om f urthe rc r i m e s thr ough the i nc apa c i t a t i on of M an l ey, i d . § 3 5 5 3 (a)(2 )(C ); (3 ) th e n eed fo r th e sen t en ce t o p ro v i d e j u st p u n i sh m en tfo r th e o ffen se, i n cl u d i n g p ro v i d i n g retri b u t i o n fo r M an l ey’ s v i ct i m s, id . § 3 5 5 3 ( a ) ( 2 ) ( A ) ; a n d ( 4 ) th e n e e d f o rth e s e n te n c e to p r o v id e a d e q u a te de t e rr e nc e , i d. § 3553( a ) ( 2) ( B ) . M or e ove r , by s e nt e nc i ng M a nl e y be l ow the9

r e c om m e nde d gui de l i ne s s e nt e nc e , the di s tr i c tc ourtnotonl y t ook i nt o a c c ountthe S e n te n c in g G u id e lin e s , id . § 3 5 5 3 ( a ) ( 4 ) , b u t a ls o th e n e e d f o rth e s e n te n c e to pr om ot e r e s pe c tf

orthe l a w , i d. § 3553( a ) ( 2) ( A ) . U nde rthe f a c t s a nd ci rc um st ance s of thi s c as e, M anl eyhas f ai l ed t o sho w thathi s 360 -m on th sent ence i s unrea sonabl e. AF F I RME D.