<PAGE>

            GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION

                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

                                     PAGE 1

     GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING THE PROPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER TO GIVE THE
PAYER. -- Social Security numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens:
i.e., 000-00-0000. Employer identification numbers have nine digits separated by
only one hyphen: i.e., 00-0000000. The table below will help you determine the
number to give the payer.

<Table>
<Caption>
---------------------------------------------------------------
                                   GIVE THE SOCIAL
                                   SECURITY NUMBER
FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT:          OF --
---------------------------------------------------------------
<S>  <C>                           <C>
1.   Individual                    The individual
2.   Two or more individuals       The actual owner of the
     (joint account)               account or, if combined
                                   funds, any one of the
                                   individuals(1)
3.   Custodian account of a minor  The minor(2)
     (Uniform Gift to Minors Act)
4.   a. The usual revocable        The grantor-trustee(1)
     savings trust account
        (grantor is also trustee)
     b. So-called trust account    The actual owner(1)
     that is not a legal or valid
        trust under state law
5.   Sole proprietorship or        The owner(3)
     single-owner LLC

---------------------------------------------------------------
</Table>

<Table>
<Caption>
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                               GIVE THE EMPLOYER
                                               IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT:                      OF --
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<C>        <S>                                 <C>
    6.     Sole proprietorship or single-      The owner(3)
           owner LLC
    7.     A valid trust, estate, or pension   The legal entity(4)
           trust
    8.     Corporate or LLC electing           The corporation
           corporate status on Form 8832
    9.     Association, club, religious,       The organization
           charitable, educational or other
           tax-exempt organization
   10.     Partnership or multi-member LLC     The partnership
   11.     A broker or registered nominee      The broker or nominee
   12.     Account with the Department of      The public entity
           Agriculture in the name of a
           public entity (such as a state or
           local government, school district,
           or prison) that receives
           agricultural program payments
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</Table>

(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish. If
    only one person on a joint account has a Social Security number, that
    person's number must be furnished.
(2) Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's Social Security number.
(3) You must show your individual name, but you may also enter your business or
    "doing business as" name. You may use either your Social Security number or
    Employer Identification number (if you have one).
(4) List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension trust.
    Do not furnish the identifying number of the personal representative or
    trustee unless the legal entity itself is not designated in the account
    title.

NOTE: If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number will be
      considered to be that of the first name listed.
<PAGE>

            GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
                                     PAGE 2

OBTAINING A NUMBER

If you do not have a Taxpayer Identification Number, you should apply for one
immediately. To apply for a Social Security number, obtain Form SS-5,
Application for a Social Security Card, from your local Social Security
Administration office or on-line at www.ssa.gov/online/ss5.html. You may also
obtain this form by calling 1-800-772-1213. Use Form W-7, Application for an IRS
Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, to apply for an ITIN, or Form SS-4,
Application for Employer Identification Number, to apply for an EIN. You can
obtain Forms W-7 and SS-4 by calling 1-800-TAX-FORM (1-800-829-3676) or from the
IRS Web Site at www.irs.gov.

PAYEES EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING

Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on ALL payments include the
following:

  - A corporation.

  - A financial institution.

  - An organization exempt from tax under Section 501(a) of the Internal Revenue
    Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or an individual retirement plan, or
    a custodial account under Section 403(b)(7), if the account satisfies the
    requirements of Section 401(f)(2).

  - The U.S. or any of its agencies or instrumentalities.

  - A state, the District of Columbia, a possession of the U.S., or any
    political subdivision or instrumentality thereof.

  - A foreign government, a political subdivision of a foreign government, or
    any agency or instrumentality thereof.

  - An international organization or any agency, or instrumentality thereof.

  - A registered dealer in securities or commodities registered in the U.S., the
    District of Columbia or a possession of the U.S.

  - A real estate investment trust.

  - A common trust fund operated by a bank under Section 584(a) of the Code.

  - An exempt charitable remainder trust, or a non-exempt trust described in
    Section 4947(a)(1) of the Code.

  - An entity registered at all times under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

  - A foreign central bank of issue.

Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to backup
withholding include the following:

  - Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under Section 1441 of
    the Code.

  - Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. and
    which have at least one nonresident partner.

  - Payments of patronage dividends where the amount received is not paid in
    money.

  - Payments made by certain foreign organizations.

  - Section 404(k) payments made by an ESOP.

Payments of interest not generally subject to backup withholding include the
following:

  - Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals. NOTE: You may be
    subject to backup withholding if this interest is $600 or more and is paid
    in the course of the payer's trade or business and you have not provided
    your correct taxpayer identification number to the payer.

  - Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt-interest dividends under
    Section 852 of the Code).

  - Payments described in Section 6049(b)(5) of the Code to nonresident aliens.

  - Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under Section 1451 of the Code.

  - Payments made by certain foreign organizations.

  - Mortgage interest paid to you.

Exempt payees described above should file a Form W-9 to avoid possible erroneous
backup withholding. FILE THIS FORM WITH THE PAYER, FURNISH YOUR TAXPAYER
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE "EXEMPT" ON THE FACE OF THE FORM, SIGN AND DATE THE
FORM AND RETURN IT TO THE PAYER. IF YOU ARE A NONRESIDENT ALIEN OR A FOREIGN
ENTITY NOT SUBJECT TO BACKUP WITHHOLDING, FILE WITH A PAYER A COMPLETED IRS FORM
W-8BEN (CERTIFICATE OF FOREIGN STATUS).

Certain payments other than interest, dividends, and patronage dividends that
are not subject to information reporting are also not subject to backup
withholding. For details, see the regulations under Sections 6041, 6041A(2),
6045 and 6050A of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

PRIVACY ACT NOTICE. -- Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividends,
interest, or other payments to give taxpayer identification numbers to payers
who must report the payments to the IRS. The IRS uses the numbers for
identification purposes. Payers must be given the numbers whether or not
recipients are required to file tax returns. Payers must generally withhold 28%
of taxable interest, dividends and certain other payments to a payee who does
not furnish a taxpayer identification number to a payer. Certain penalties may
also apply.

PENALTIES

(1) PENALTY FOR FAILURE TO FURNISH TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER. -- If you
fail to furnish your taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are subject
to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to
reasonable cause and not to wilful neglect.

(2) CIVIL PENALTY FOR FALSE INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO WITHHOLDING. -- If you
make a false statement with no reasonable basis that results in no imposition of
backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.

(3) CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR FALSIFYING INFORMATION. -- Wilfully falsifying
certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including
fines and/or imprisonment.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE.