IN THE

TENTH COURT OF APPEALS

No. 10-14-00229-CR

JAMES TYRONE RIGGS,

Appellant

v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,

Appellee

From the 66th District Court

Hill County, Texas

Trial Court No. 38026

CONCURRING AND DISSENTING OPINION

I join the majority opinion on issues one, two, and three, and I concur in the 

disposition of issue four, but I disagree with issue five’s disposition.

Riggs allegedly fled from a police officer who was pursuing him because Riggs 

was wanted on a Class C warrant and his driver’s license was suspended. The car chase 

lasted less than a minute and covered four-tenths of a mile. It ended when Riggs parked 

in his own backyard, got out of his car, and immediately walked to the patrol car. There 

was no injury or property damage. Riggs was charged with the third-degree felony of 
Riggs v. State Page 2

evading arrest or detention with a vehicle, which has a punishment range of two to ten 

years. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 12.34 (West 2011), § 38.04(a), (b)(2)(A) (West Supp. 2015).

Riggs was also charged as a habitual felon. He pled “true” to two prior felony 

convictions (a 1990 conviction for delivery of a controlled substance and a 1993 conviction 

for possession of a prohibited weapon). He pled “not true” to a 2005 felony conviction 

for possession of a firearm by a felon, but the jury found it “true.” These prior non-violent 

felonies enhanced the punishment range to 25 to 99 years or life. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN.

§ 12.42(d) (West Supp. 2015).

Wendell Harris testified that, after a verbal confrontation with Riggs and his two 

sons stemming from Riggs’s oldest son’s past affair with Harris’s wife, he heard a 

gunshot that struck him in the right hand. Harris turned around and saw Riggs pointing 

a gun at him, and as he fled, Riggs kept shooting at him.

1 Leslie Johnson, Harris’s cousin, 

said she saw Riggs shoot Harris. Johnson admitted she had a “back and forth” 

relationship with Riggs’s nephew and she had “messed around” with one of Riggs’s sons.

Riggs testified that the verbal confrontation with Harris was because Harris had 

been “meddling” with Riggs’s son who had had an affair with Harris’s wife. Riggs said 

that he himself had also had a relationship with Harris’s wife. Riggs testified that he did 

not have a gun that night. He said that because Harris was cussing him and his sons, he 

turned to go away and told his sons to come with him, and then he heard two shots and 

everyone ran. Riggs testified that he was not guilty of shooting Harris.

 

1 Harris’s and Riggs’s testimony indicate that Riggs had been charged with aggravated assault with a 

deadly weapon and that the case had not yet gone to trial.
Riggs v. State Page 3

The trial court must give a reasonable-doubt instruction at punishment, even if not 

requested, regarding extraneous-offense evidence; the trial court must instruct the jury 

that the extraneous-offense evidence may not be considered in assessing punishment 

until the jury is satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt that the offense is attributable to the 

defendant. Huizar v. State, 12 S.W.3d 479, 484 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) (op. on reh’g). This 

instruction is especially important when the defendant, like Riggs, testifies and denies 

committing the extraneous offense. 

The trial court failed to give a reasonable-doubt instruction, and Riggs, age 59, was 

given a 65-year prison sentence for what otherwise would have been a non-violent thirddegree felony. Cf. Graves v. State, 176 S.W.3d 422, 435 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 

2004, pet. struck) (finding error harmless in part because defendant received 8-year 

sentence, “far below the maximum, and only three years above the minimum”). Because 

I believe that the totality of the record shows that Riggs suffered egregious harm from 

the trial court’s error in failing to provide a reasonable-doubt instruction in the 

punishment charge for the controverted extraneous offense of aggravated assault with a 

deadly weapon, I respectfully dissent. I would sustain issue five and remand the case for 

a new punishment hearing.

REX D. DAVIS

Justice

Concurring and dissenting opinion delivered and filed December 10, 2015

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