Sector 11--Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and HuntingT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing 

crops, raising animals, harvesting timber, and harvesting fish and other animals from a farm, ranch, or their natural 

habitats. 

 The establishments in this sector are often described as farms, ranches, dairies, greenhouses, nurseries, orchards, 

or hatcheries. A farm may consist of a single tract of land or a number of separate tracts which may be held under 

different tenures. For example, one tract may be owned by the farm operator and another rented. It may be operated 

by the operator alone or with the assistance of members of the household or hired employees, or it may be operated 

by a partnership, corporation, or other type of organization. When a landowner has one or more tenants, renters, 

croppers, or managers, the land operated by each is considered a farm. 

 The sector distinguishes two basic activities: agricultural production and agricultural support activities. 

Agricultural production includes establishments performing the complete farm or ranch operation, such as farm 

owner-operators, tenant farm operators, and sharecroppers. Agricultural support activities include establishments 

that perform one or more activities associated with farm operation, such as soil preparation, planting, harvesting, and 

management, on a contract or fee basis. 

 Excluded from the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting sector are establishments primarily engaged in 

agricultural research and establishments primarily engaged in administering programs for regulating and conserving 

land, mineral, wildlife, and forest use. These establishments are classified in Industry 54171, Research and 

Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences; and Industry 92412, Administration of Conservation 

Programs, respectively. 

111 Crop ProductionT 

 Industries in the Crop Production subsector grow crops mainly for food and fiber. The subsector comprises 

establishments, such as farms, orchards, groves, greenhouses, and nurseries, primarily engaged in growing crops, 

plants, vines, or trees and their seeds. 

 The industries in this subsector are grouped by similarity of production activity, including biological and 

physiological characteristics and economic requirements, the length of growing season, degree of crop rotation, 

extent of input specialization, labor requirements, and capital demands. The production process is typically 

completed when the raw product or commodity grown reaches the "farm gate" for market, that is, at the point of first 

sale or price determination. 

 Establishments are classified to the Crop Production subsector when crop production (i.e., value of crops for 

market) accounts for one-half or more of the establishment's total agricultural production. Within the subsector, 

establishments are classified to a specific industry when a product or industry family of products (i.e., oilseed and 

grain farming, vegetable and melon farming, fruit and tree nut farming) account for one-half or more of the 

establishment's agricultural production. Establishments with one-half or more crop production with no one product 

or family of products of an industry accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production are treated 

as general combination crop farming and are classified in Industry 11199, All Other Crop Farming. 

 Industries in the Crop Production subsector include establishments that own, operate, and manage and those that 

operate and manage. Those that manage only are classified in Subsector 115, Support Activities for Agriculture and 

Forestry. Establishments that raise aquatic plants in controlled or selected aquatic environments are classified in 

Subsector 112, Animal Production and Aquaculture. 

1111 Oilseed and Grain FarmingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing oilseed and/or grain crops and/or 

(2) producing oilseed and grain seeds. These crops have an annual life cycle and are typically grown in open fields. 

11111 Soybean FarmingT 

 See industry description for 111110 below. 

111110 Soybean Farming
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing soybeans and/or producing soybean seeds. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments engaged in growing soybeans in combination with grain(s) with the soybeans or grain(s) not 

accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (value of crops for market) are classified in 

U.S. Industry 111191, Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming. 

11112 Oilseed (except Soybean) FarmingT 

 See industry description for 111120 below. 

111120 Oilseed (except Soybean) Farming 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing fibrous oilseed producing plants and/or 

producing oilseed seeds, such as sunflower, safflower, flax, rape, canola, and sesame. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Growing soybeans--are classified in Industry 111110, Soybean Farming; and 

 Growing oilseed(s) in combination with grain(s) with no one oilseed (or family of oilseeds) or grain(s) (or 

family of grains) accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (value of crops for 

market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111191, Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming. 

11113 Dry Pea and Bean FarmingT 

 See industry description for 111130 below. 

111130 Dry Pea and Bean Farming 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing dry peas, beans, and/or lentils. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in growing fresh green beans and peas are classified in U.S. Industry 111219, 

Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming. 

11114 Wheat FarmingT 

 See industry description for 111140 below. 

111140 Wheat Farming

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing wheat and/or producing wheat seeds. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments growing wheat in combination with oilseed(s) with the wheat or oilseed(s) not accounting for onehalf of the establishment's agricultural production (value of crops for market) are classified in U.S. Industry 111191, 

Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming. 

11115 Corn FarmingT 

 See industry description for 111150 below.

111150 Corn Farming 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing corn (except sweet corn) and/or producing 

corn seeds. 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Growing sweet corn--are classified in U.S. Industry 111219, Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon 

Farming; and 

 Growing corn in combination with oilseed(s) with the corn or oilseed(s) not accounting for one-half of the 

establishment's production (value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111191, Oilseed and 

Grain Combination Farming. 

11116 Rice FarmingT 

 See industry description for 111160 below. 

111160 Rice Farming

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing rice (except wild rice) and/or producing rice 

seeds. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Growing wild rice--are classified in U.S. Industry 111199, All Other Grain Farming; and 

 Growing rice in combination with oilseed(s) with the rice or oilseed(s) not accounting for one-half of the 

establishment's agricultural production (value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111191, 

Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming. 

11119 Other Grain FarmingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing grain(s) and/or producing grain seeds 

(except wheat, corn, and rice) or (2) growing a combination of grain(s) and oilseed(s) with no one grain (or family 

of grains) or oilseed (or family of oilseeds) accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production 

(value of crops for market). Combination grain(s) and oilseed(s) establishments may produce oilseed(s) and grain(s) 

seeds and/or grow oilseed(s) and grain(s). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Barley farming 

Rye farming 

Milo farming 

Sorghum farming 

Oat farming 

Wild rice farming 

Oilseed and grain combination farming 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Growing wheat--are classified in Industry 11114, Wheat Farming; 

 Growing corn --are classified in Industry 11115, Corn Farming; 

 Growing sweet corn--are classified in Industry 11121, Vegetable and Melon Farming; and 

 Growing rice (except wild rice)--are classified in Industry 11116, Rice Farming. 

111191 Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments engaged in growing a combination of oilseed(s) and grain(s) with no 

one oilseed (or family of oilseeds) or grain (or family of grains) accounting for one-half of the establishment's 

agricultural production (value of crops for market). These establishments may produce oilseed(s) and grain(s) seeds 

and/or grow oilseed(s) and grain(s). 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments engaged in growing one grain (or family of grains) or oilseed (or family of oilseeds) accounting for 

one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (value of crops for market) are classified in Industry Group 

1111, Oilseed and Grain Farming accordingly by the prominent grain(s) or oilseed(s) grown. 

111199 All Other Grain Farming 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing grains and/or producing grain(s) seeds 

(except wheat, corn, rice, and oilseed(s) and grain(s) combinations). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Barley farming 

Sorghum farming 

Oat farming 

Wild rice farming 

Rye farming 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Growing wheat--are classified in Industry 111140, Wheat Farming; 

 Growing corn--are classified in Industry 111150, Corn Farming; 

 Growing rice (except wild rice)--are classified in Industry 111160, Rice Farming; 

 Growing sweet corn--are classified in U.S. Industry 111219, Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon 

Farming; and 

 Growing a combination of grain(s) and oilseed(s) with no one grain (or family of grains) or oilseed (or 

family of oilseeds) accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (value of crops for 

market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111191, Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming. 

1112 Vegetable and Melon FarmingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing root and tuber crops (except sugar 

beets and peanuts) or edible plants and/or producing root and tuber or edible plant seeds. The crops included in this 

group have an annual growth cycle and are grown in open fields. Climate and cultural practices limit producing 

areas but often permit the growing of a combination of crops in a year. 

11121 Vegetable and Melon FarmingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) growing vegetable 

and/or melon crops; (2) producing vegetable and/or melon seeds; and (3) growing vegetable and/or melon bedding 

plants. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Growing sugar beets--are classified in Industry 11199, All Other Crop Farming; 

 Growing vegetables and melons under glass or protective cover--are classified in Industry 11141, Food 

Crops Grown Under Cover; 

 Growing dry peas and beans--are classified in Industry 11113, Dry Pea and Bean Farming; 

 Growing corn (except sweet corn)--are classified in Industry 11115, Corn Farming; 

 Canning, pickling, and/or drying (artificially) vegetables--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and 

Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying; and 

 Growing fruit on trees and other fruit-bearing plants (except melons)--are classified in Industry Group 

1113, Fruit and Tree Nut Farming. 

111211 Potato Farming 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing potatoes and/or producing seed 

potatoes. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in canning or drying potatoes are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and 

Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying. 

111219 Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) growing 

melons and/or vegetables (except potatoes; dry peas; dry beans; field, silage, or seed corn; and sugar beets); (2) 

producing vegetable and/or melon seeds; and (3) growing vegetable and/or melon bedding plants. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Carrot farming 

Squash farming 

Green bean farming 

Tomato farming 

Melon farming (e.g., cantaloupe, casaba, honeydew, watermelon) 

Vegetable (except potato) farming 

Pepper farming (e.g., bell, chili, green, red, sweet peppers) 

Watermelon farming 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Growing potatoes, including sweet potatoes and yams--are classified in U.S. Industry 111211, Potato 

Farming; 

 Growing sugar beets--are classified in U.S. Industry 111991, Sugar Beet Farming; 

 Growing vegetables and melons under glass or protective cover--are classified in U.S. Industry 111419, 

Other Food Crops Grown Under Cover; 

 Growing dry peas and beans--are classified in Industry 111130, Dry Pea and Bean Farming; 

 Growing corn (except sweet corn)--are classified in Industry 111150, Corn Farming; 

 Canning, pickling, and/or drying (artificially) vegetables--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and 

Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying; and 

 Growing fruit on trees and other fruit-bearing plants (except melons)--are classified in Industry Group 

1113, Fruit and Tree Nut Farming. 

1113 Fruit and Tree Nut FarmingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing fruit and/or tree nut crops. The crops 

included in this industry group are generally not grown from seeds and have a perennial life cycle. 

11131 Orange GrovesT 

 See industry description for 111310 below. 

111310 Orange Groves

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing oranges. 

11132 Citrus (except Orange) GrovesT 

 See industry description for 111320 below. 

111320 Citrus (except Orange) Groves 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing citrus fruits (except oranges). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Citrus groves (except oranges) 

Mandarin groves 

Grapefruit groves 

Tangelo groves 

Lemon groves 

Tangerine groves 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in growing oranges are classified in Industry 111310, Orange Groves. 

11133 Noncitrus Fruit and Tree Nut FarmingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) growing noncitrus 

fruits (e.g., apples, grapes, berries, peaches); (2) growing tree nuts (e.g., pecans, almonds, pistachios); or (3) growing 

a combination of fruit(s) and tree nut(s) with no one fruit (or family of fruit) or family of tree nuts accounting for 

one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (value of crops for market). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Harvesting berries or nuts from native and noncultivated plants--are classified in Industry 11321, Forest 

Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products; and 

 Canning and/or drying (artificially) fruit--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, 

Pickling, and Drying. 

111331 Apple Orchards 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing apples. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments engaged in growing apples in combination with tree nut(s) with the apples or family of tree nuts 

not accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market) are 

classified in U.S. Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming. 

111332 Grape Vineyards 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing grapes and/or growing grapes to sun 

dry into raisins. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Drying grapes artificially--are classified in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food 

Manufacturing; and 

 Growing grapes in combination with tree nut(s) with the grapes or family of tree nuts not accounting for 

one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming. 

111333 Strawberry Farming 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing strawberries. 
Cross-References. 

 Establishments engaged in growing strawberries in combination with tree nut(s) with the strawberries or family of 

tree nuts not accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market) 

are classified in U.S. Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming. 

111334 Berry (except Strawberry) Farming 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing berries. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Berry (except strawberries) farming 

Cranberry farming 

Blackberry farming 

Currant farming 

Blueberry farming 

Raspberry farming 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Growing strawberries--are classified in U.S. Industry 111333, Strawberry Farming; 

 Harvesting berries from native and noncultivated bushes or vines--are classified in Industry 113210, Forest 

Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products; and 

 Growing berries in combination with tree nut(s) with the berries or family of tree nuts not accounting for 

one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming. 

111335 Tree Nut Farming 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing tree nuts. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Almond farming 

Pistachio farming 

Filbert farming 

Tree nut farming 

Macadamia farming 

Walnut farming 

Pecan farming 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Growing coconut and coffee--are classified in U.S. Industry 111339, Other Noncitrus Fruit Farming; and 

 Growing tree nut(s) in combination with fruit(s) with no one fruit (or family of fruit or of tree nuts) 

accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market)--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming. 

111336 Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing a combination of fruit(s) and tree nut(s) 

with no one fruit (or family of fruit) or family of tree nuts accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture 

production (i.e., value of crops for market). 
Cross-References. 

 Establishments engaged in growing fruit(s) or the family of tree nut(s) accounting for one-half of the 

establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market) are classified in Industry Group 1113, Fruit 

and Tree Nut Farming accordingly by the prominent fruit(s) or tree nut(s) grown. 

111339 Other Noncitrus Fruit Farming 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing noncitrus fruits (except apples, grapes, 

berries, and fruit(s) and tree nut(s) combinations). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Apricot farming 

Fig farming 

Banana farming 

Noncitrus fruit farming 

Cherry farming 

Peach farming 

Coffee farming 

Pineapple farming 

Date farming 

Prune farming 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Growing apples--are classified in U.S. Industry 111331, Apple Orchards; 

 Growing grapes including sun drying of grapes into raisins--are classified in U.S. Industry 111332, Grape 

Vineyards; 

 Growing strawberries--are classified in U.S. Industry 111333, Strawberry Farming; 

 Growing berries (except strawberries)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111334, Berry (except Strawberry) 

Farming; 

 Drying fruit artificially--are classified in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing; 

and 

 Growing noncitrus fruit(s) in combination with tree nut(s) with no one fruit (or family of fruits) or family 

of tree nuts accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for 

market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming. 

1114 Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture ProductionT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing crops of any kind under cover and/or 

growing nursery stock and flowers. "Under cover" is generally defined as greenhouses, cold frames, cloth houses, 

and lath houses. The crops grown are removed at various stages of maturity and have annual and perennial life 

cycles. The nursery stock includes short rotation woody crops that have growth cycles of 10 years or less. 

 

11141 Food Crops Grown Under CoverT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing food crops (e.g., fruits, melons, tomatoes) 

under glass or protective cover. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in growing vegetable and melon bedding plants are classified in Industry 11121, 

Vegetable and Melon Farming. 

111411 Mushroom Production 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing mushrooms under cover in mines 

underground, or in other controlled environments. 

111419 Other Food Crops Grown Under Cover 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing food crops (except mushrooms) under 

glass or protective cover. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Alfalfa sprout farming, grown under cover 

Melon farming, grown under cover 

Fruit farming, grown under cover 

Vegetable farming, grown under cover 

Hydroponic crop farming 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in growing mushrooms under cover are classified in U.S. Industry 111411, 

Mushroom Production. 

11142 Nursery and Floriculture ProductionT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing nursery and floriculture products (e.g., 

nursery stock, shrubbery, cut flowers, flower seeds, foliage plants) under cover or in open fields and/or (2) growing 

short rotation woody trees with a growing and harvesting cycle of 10 years or less for pulp or tree stock (e.g., cut 

Christmas trees, cottonwoods). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Growing vegetable and melon bedding plants--are classified in Industry 11121, Vegetable and Melon 

Farming; 

 Operating timber tracts (i.e., growing cycle greater than 10 years)--are classified in Industry 11311, Timber 

Tract Operations; and 

 Retailing nursery, tree stock, and floriculture products primarily purchased from others--are classified in 

Industry 44422, Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores. 

111421 Nursery and Tree Production 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing nursery products, nursery stock, 

shrubbery, bulbs, fruit stock, sod, and so forth, under cover or in open fields and/or (2) growing short rotation 

woody trees with a growth and harvest cycle of 10 years or less for pulp or tree stock. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Growing vegetable and melon bedding plants--are classified in Industry 11121, Vegetable and Melon 

Farming; 

 Operating timber tracts (i.e., growing cycle greater than 10 years)--are classified in Industry 113110, 

Timber Tract Operations; and 

 Retailing nursery, tree stock, and floriculture products primarily purchased from others--are classified in 

Industry 444220, Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores. 

111422 Floriculture Production 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing and/or producing floriculture products 

(e.g., cut flowers and roses, cut cultivated greens, potted flowering and foliage plants, and flower seeds) under cover 

and in open fields. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in retailing floriculture products primarily purchased from others are classified 

in Industry 444220, Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores. 

1119 Other Crop FarmingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing crops (except oilseed and/or grain; 

vegetable and/or melon; fruit and tree nut; and greenhouse, nursery, and/or floriculture products). These 

establishments grow crops, such as tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, hay, sugar beets, peanuts, agave, herbs and spices, 

and hay and grass seeds; or (2) growing a combination of crops (except a combination of oilseed(s) and grain(s) and 

a combination of fruit(s) and tree nut(s)). 

11191 Tobacco FarmingT 

 See industry description for 111910 below. 

111910 Tobacco Farming 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing tobacco. 

11192 Cotton FarmingT 

 See industry description for 111920 below. 

111920 Cotton Farming

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing cotton. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in ginning cotton are classified in U.S. Industry 115111, Cotton Ginning. 

11193 Sugarcane FarmingT 

 See industry description for 111930 below. 

111930 Sugarcane Farming 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing sugarcane. 

11194 Hay FarmingT 

 See industry description for 111940 below. 

111940 Hay Farming 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing hay, alfalfa, clover, and/or mixed hay. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Growing grain hay--are classified in Industry Group 1111, Oilseed and Grain Farming; and 

 Growing grass and hay seeds--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop 

Farming. 

11199 All Other Crop FarmingT 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing crops (except oilseeds and/or grains; 

vegetables and/or melons; fruits and/or tree nuts; greenhouse, nursery and/or floriculture products; tobacco; cotton; 

sugarcane; or hay) or (2) growing a combination of crops (except a combination of oilseed(s) and grain(s); and a 

combination of fruit(s) and tree nut(s)) with no one crop or family of crops accounting for one-half of the 

establishment's agricultural production (i.e., value of crops for market). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Agave farming 

Spice farming 

General combination crop farming (except oilseed and grain; vegetables and melons; fruit and nut combinations) 

Sugar beet farming 

Grass seed farming 

Tea farming 

Hay seed farming 

Maple sap gathering 

Peanut farming 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Growing oilseeds and/or wheat, corn, rice, or other grains--are classified in Industry Group 1111, Oilseed 

and Grain Farming; 

 Growing vegetables and/or melons--are classified in Industry Group 1112, Vegetable and Melon Farming; 

 Growing fruits and/or tree nuts--are classified in Industry Group 1113, Fruit and Tree Nut Farming; 

 Growing greenhouse, nursery, and/or floriculture products--are classified in Industry Group 1114, 

Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Production; 

 Growing tobacco--are classified in Industry 11191, Tobacco Farming; 

 Growing cotton--are classified in Industry 11192, Cotton Farming; 

 Growing sugarcane--are classified in Industry 11193, Sugarcane Farming; 

 Growing hay--are classified in Industry 11194, Hay Farming; and 

 Growing algae, seaweed, or other aquatic plants--are classified in Industry 11251, Aquaculture. 

111991 Sugar Beet Farming 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing sugar beets. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in growing beets (except sugar beets) are classified in U.S. Industry 111219, 

Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming. 

111992 Peanut Farming 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing peanuts. 

111998 All Other Miscellaneous Crop Farming 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) growing crops (except 

oilseeds and/or grains; vegetables and/or melons; fruits and/or tree nuts; greenhouse, nursery and/or floriculture 

products; tobacco; cotton; sugarcane; hay; sugar beets; or peanuts); (2) growing a combination of crops (except a 

combination of oilseed(s) and grain(s); and a combination of fruit(s) and tree nut(s)) with no one crop or family of 

crop(s) accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (i.e., value of crops for market); or (3) 

gathering tea or maple sap. 

Illustrative Examples: 
Agave farming 

Mint farming 

General combination crop farming (except oilseed and grain; vegetables and melons; fruit and tree nut 

combinations) 

Spice farming 

Hay seed farming 

Grass seed farming 

Hop farming 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Growing oilseeds and/or wheat, corn, rice, or other grains--are classified in Industry Group 1111, Oilseed 

and Grain Farming; 

 Growing vegetables and/or melons--are classified in Industry Group 1112, Vegetable and Melon Farming; 

 Growing fruits and/or tree nuts--are classified in Industry Group 1113, Fruit and Tree Nut Farming; 

 Growing greenhouse, nursery and/or floriculture products--are classified in Industry Group 1114, 

Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Production; 

 Growing tobacco--are classified in Industry 111910, Tobacco Farming; 

 Growing cotton--are classified in Industry 111920, Cotton Farming; 

 Growing sugarcane--are classified in Industry 111930, Sugarcane Farming; 

 Growing hay--are classified in Industry 111940, Hay Farming; 

 Growing sugar beets--are classified in U.S. Industry 111991, Sugar Beet Farming; 

 Growing peanuts--are classified in U.S. Industry 111992, Peanut Farming; and 

 Growing algae, seaweed, or other aquatic plants--are classified in U.S. Industry 112519, Other 

Aquaculture. 

112 Animal Production and AquacultureT 

 Industries in the Animal Production and Aquaculture subsector raise or fatten animals for the sale of animals or 

animal products and/or raise aquatic plants and animals in controlled or selected aquatic environments for the sale of 

aquatic plants, animals, or their products. The subsector includes establishments, such as ranches, farms, and 

feedlots primarily engaged in keeping, grazing, breeding, or feeding animals. These animals are kept for the 

products they produce or for eventual sale. The animals are generally raised in various environments, from total 

confinement or captivity to feeding on an open range pasture. 

 The industries in this subsector are grouped by important factors, such as suitable grazing or pasture land, 

specialized buildings, type of equipment, and the amount and types of labor required. Establishments are classified 

to the Animal Production and Aquaculture subsector when animal production (i.e., value of animals for market) 

accounts for one-half or more of the establishment's total agricultural production. Establishments with one-half or 

more animal production with no one animal product or family of animal products of an industry accounting for onehalf of the establishment's agricultural production are treated as combination animal farming classified to Industry 

11299, All Other Animal Production. 

1121 Cattle Ranching and FarmingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising cattle, milking dairy cattle, or feeding 

cattle for fattening. 

11211 Beef Cattle Ranching and Farming, including FeedlotsT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising cattle (including cattle for dairy herd 

replacements), or feeding cattle for fattening. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Milking dairy cattle--are classified in Industry 11212, Dairy Cattle and Milk Production; and 
 Operating stockyards for transportation and not buying, selling, or auctioning livestock--are classified in 

Industry 48899, Other Support Activities for Transportation. 

112111 Beef Cattle Ranching and Farming 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising cattle (including cattle for dairy herd 

replacements). 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in milking dairy cattle are classified in Industry 112120, Dairy Cattle and Milk 

Production. 

112112 Cattle Feedlots 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in feeding cattle for fattening. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating stockyards for transportation and not buying, selling, or auctioning 

livestock are classified in U.S. Industry 488999, All Other Support Activities for Transportation. 

11212 Dairy Cattle and Milk ProductionT 

 See industry description for 112120 below. 

112120 Dairy Cattle and Milk Production

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in milking dairy cattle. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Raising dairy herd replacements--are classified in U.S. Industry 112111, Beef Cattle Ranching and 

Farming; and 

 Milking goats--are classified in Industry 112420, Goat Farming. 

11213 Dual-Purpose Cattle Ranching and FarmingT 

See industry description for 112130 below. 

112130 Dual-Purpose Cattle Ranching and Farming 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising cattle for both milking and meat production. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Milking dairy cattle--are classified in Industry 112120, Dairy Cattle and Milk Production; 

 Raising cattle or feeding cattle for fattening--are classified in Industry 11211, Beef Cattle Ranching and 

Farming, including Feedlots; and 

 Operating stockyards for transportation and not buying, selling, or auctioning livestock--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 488999, All Other Support Activities for Transportation. 

1122 Hog and Pig FarmingT 

11221 Hog and Pig FarmingT 

 See industry description for 112210 below. 

112210 Hog and Pig Farming 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising hogs and pigs. These establishments may 

include farming activities, such as breeding, farrowing, and the raising of weanling pigs, feeder pigs, or market size 

hogs. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating stockyards for transportation and not buying, selling, or auctioning 

livestock are classified in U.S. Industry 488999, All Other Support Activities for Transportation. 

1123 Poultry and Egg ProductionT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in breeding, hatching, and raising poultry for 

meat or egg production. 

11231 Chicken Egg ProductionT 

 See industry description for 112310 below. 

112310 Chicken Egg Production 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising chickens for egg production. The eggs 

produced may be for use as table eggs or hatching eggs. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in raising chickens for the production of meat are classified in Industry 112320, 

Broilers and Other Meat Type Chicken Production. 

11232 Broilers and Other Meat Type Chicken ProductionT 

 See industry description for 112320 below. 

112320 Broilers and Other Meat Type Chicken Production

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising broilers, fryers, roasters, and other meat type 

chickens. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in raising chickens for egg production are classified in Industry 112310, 

Chicken Egg Production. 

11233 Turkey ProductionT 

 See industry description for 112330 below. 

112330 Turkey Production

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising turkeys for meat or egg production. 

11234 Poultry HatcheriesT 

 See industry description for 112340 below. 

112340 Poultry Hatcheries

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in hatching poultry of any kind. 

11239 Other Poultry ProductionT 
 See industry description for 112390 below. 

112390 Other Poultry Production 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising poultry (except chickens for meat or egg 

production and turkeys). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Duck production 

Ostrich production 

Emu production 

Pheasant production 

Geese production 

Quail production 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Raising aviary birds, such as parakeets, canaries, and love birds--are classified in Industry 112990, All 

Other Animal Production; 

 Raising chickens for egg production--are classified in Industry 112310, Chicken Egg Production; 

 Raising broilers and other meat type chickens--are classified in Industry 112320, Broilers and Other Meat 

Type Chicken Production; 

 Raising turkeys--are classified in Industry 112330, Turkey Production; and 

 Raising swans, peacocks, flamingos or other "adornment birds"--are classified in Industry 112990, All 

Other Animal Production. 

1124 Sheep and Goat FarmingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising sheep, lambs, and goats, or feeding 

lambs for fattening. 

11241 Sheep FarmingT 

 See industry description for 112410 below. 

112410 Sheep Farming

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising sheep and lambs, or feeding lambs for 

fattening. The sheep or lambs may be raised for sale or wool production. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating stockyards for transportation and not buying, selling, or auctioning 

livestock are classified in U.S. Industry 488999, All Other Support Activities for Transportation. 

11242 Goat FarmingT 

 See industry description for 112420 below. 

112420 Goat Farming

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising goats. 

1125 AquacultureT 

11251 AquacultureT 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the farm raising and production of aquatic animals or 

plants in controlled or selected aquatic environments. These establishments use some form of intervention in the 

rearing process to enhance production, such as holding in captivity, regular stocking, feeding, and protecting from 

predators, pests, and disease. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the catching or taking of fish and other aquatic animals from their natural 

habitat are classified in Industry 11411, Fishing. 

112511 Finfish Farming and Fish Hatcheries 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) farm raising finfish (e.g., catfish, trout, 

goldfish, tropical fish, minnows) and/or (2) hatching fish of any kind. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the catching or taking of finfish from their natural habitat are classified in 

U.S. Industry 114111, Finfish Fishing. 

112512 Shellfish Farming 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in farm raising shellfish (e.g., crayfish, shrimp, 

oysters, clams, mollusks). 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the catching or taking of shellfish from their natural habitat are classified in 

U.S. Industry 114112, Shellfish Fishing. 

112519 Other Aquaculture 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) farm raising of aquatic animals (except 

finfish and shellfish) and/or (2) farm raising of aquatic plants. Alligator, algae, frog, seaweed, or turtle production is 

included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Miscellaneous fishing activities, such as catching or taking of terrapins, turtles, and frogs in their natural 

habitat--are classified in U.S. Industry 114119, Other Marine Fishing; 

 Farm raising finfish--are classified in U.S. Industry 112511, Finfish Farming and Fish Hatcheries; 

 Farm raising shellfish--are classified in U.S. Industry 112512, Shellfish Farming; and 

 Growing hydroponic crops--are classified in Industry 111419, Other Food Crops Grown Under Cover. 

1129 Other Animal ProductionT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising animals and insects (except cattle, hogs 

and pigs, poultry, sheep and goats, aquaculture) for sale or product production. These establishments are primarily 

engaged in raising one of the following: bees, horses and other equines, rabbits and other fur-bearing animals, and so 

forth, and producing products, such as honey and other bee products. Establishments primarily engaged in raising a 

combination of animals with no one animal or family of animals accounting for one-half of the establishment's 

agricultural production (i.e., value of animals for market) are included in this industry group. 

11291 ApicultureT 

 See industry description for 112910 below. 
112910 Apiculture

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising bees. These establishments may collect and 

gather honey; and/or sell queen bees, packages of bees, royal jelly, bees' wax, propolis, venom, pollen, and/or other 

bee products. 

11292 Horses and Other Equine ProductionT 

 See industry description for 112920 below. 

112920 Horses and Other Equine Production

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising horses, mules, donkeys, and other equines. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in equine boarding are classified in Industry 115210, Support Activities 

for Animal Production; and 

 Equine owners entering horses in racing or other spectator sporting events are classified in U.S. Industry 

711219, Other Spectator Sports. 

11293 Fur-Bearing Animal and Rabbit ProductionT 

 See industry description for 112930 below. 

112930 Fur-Bearing Animal and Rabbit Production

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising fur-bearing animals including rabbits. These 

animals may be raised for sale or for their pelt production. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the trapping or hunting of wild fur-bearing animals are classified in Industry 

114210, Hunting and Trapping. 

11299 All Other Animal ProductionT 

 See industry description for 112990 below. 

112990 All Other Animal Production 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in: (1) raising animals (except cattle, hogs and pigs, 

poultry, sheep and goats, aquaculture, apiculture, horses and other equines; and fur-bearing animals including 

rabbits); or (2) raising a combination of animals, with no one animal or family of animals accounting for one-half of 

the establishment's agricultural production (i.e., value of animals for market). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bird production (e.g., canaries, parakeets, parrots) 

Laboratory animal production (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs) 

Combination animal farming (except dairy, poultry) 

Llama production 

Companion animals production (e.g., cats, dogs) 

Worm production 

Deer production 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Raising cattle, dairy cattle or feeding cattle for fattening--are classified in Industry Group 1121, Cattle 

Ranching and Farming; 

 Raising hogs and pigs--are classified in Industry Group 1122, Hog and Pig Farming; 

 Raising poultry and raising poultry for egg production--are classified in Industry Group 1123, Poultry and 

Egg Production; 

 Raising sheep and goats--are classified in Industry Group 1124, Sheep and Goat Farming; 

 Animal aquaculture--are classified in Industry 11251, Aquaculture; 

 Raising bees--are classified in Industry 112910, Apiculture; 

 Raising horses and other equines--are classified in Industry 112920, Horses and Other Equine Production; 

and 

 Raising fur-bearing animals including rabbits--are classified in Industry 112930, Fur-Bearing Animal and 

Rabbit Production. 

113 Forestry and LoggingT 

 Industries in the Forestry and Logging subsector grow and harvest timber on a long production cycle (i.e., of 10 

years or more). Long production cycles use different production processes than short production cycles, which 

require more horticultural interventions prior to harvest, resulting in processes more similar to those found in the 

Crop Production subsector. Consequently, Christmas tree production and other production involving production 

cycles of less than 10 years, are classified in the Crop Production subsector. 

 Industries in this subsector specialize in different stages of the production cycle. Reforestation requires production 

of seedlings in specialized nurseries. Timber production requires natural forest or suitable areas of land that are 

available for a long duration. The maturation time for timber depends upon the species of tree, the climatic 

conditions of the region, and the intended purpose of the timber. The harvesting of timber (except when done on an 

extremely small scale) requires specialized machinery unique to the industry. Establishments gathering forest 

products, such as gums, barks, balsam needles, rhizomes, fibers, Spanish moss, and ginseng and truffles, are also 

included in this subsector. 

1131 Timber Tract OperationsT 

11311 Timber Tract OperationsT 

 See industry description for 113110 below. 

113110 Timber Tract Operations

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the operation of timber tracts for the purpose of 

selling standing timber. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Acting as lessors of land with trees as real estate property--are classified in Industry 531190, Lessors of 

Other Real Estate Property; 

 Growing short rotation woody trees (i.e., growing and harvesting cycle is 10 years or less)--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 111421, Nursery and Tree Production; and 

 Cutting timber--are classified in Industry 113310, Logging. 

1132 Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest ProductsT 

11321 Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest ProductsT 

 See industry description for 113210 below. 

113210 Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing trees for reforestation and/or (2) 

gathering forest products, such as gums, barks, balsam needles, rhizomes, fibers, Spanish moss, ginseng, and 

truffles. 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Gathering tea and maple sap--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop 

Farming; and 

 Processing maple syrup into other products--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food 

Manufacturing. 

1133 LoggingT 

11331 LoggingT 

 See industry description for 113310 below. 

113310 Logging 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) cutting timber; (2) 

cutting and transporting timber; and (3) producing wood chips in the field. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in trucking timber are classified in Industry 484220, Specialized Freight (except 

Used Goods) Trucking, Local. 

114 Fishing, Hunting and TrappingT 

 Industries in the Fishing, Hunting and Trapping subsector harvest fish and other wild animals from their natural 

habitats and are dependent upon a continued supply of the natural resource. The harvesting of fish is the 

predominant economic activity of this subsector and it usually requires specialized vessels that, by the nature of their 

size, configuration and equipment, are not suitable for any other type of production, such as transportation. 

 Hunting and trapping activities utilize a wide variety of production processes and are classified in the same 

subsector as fishing because the availability of resources and the constraints imposed, such as conservation 

requirements and proper habitat maintenance, are similar. 

1141 FishingT 

11411 FishingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the commercial catching or taking of finfish, 

shellfish, or miscellaneous marine products from a natural habitat, such as the catching of bluefish, eels, salmon, 

tuna, clams, crabs, lobsters, mussels, oysters, shrimp, frogs, sea urchins, and turtles. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Farm raising finfish, shellfish or other marine animals and plants--are classified in Industry 11251, 

Aquaculture; and 

 Gathering and processing seafood into canned seafood products--are classified in Industry 31171, Seafood 

Product Preparation and Packaging. 

114111 Finfish Fishing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the commercial catching or taking of finfish 

(e.g., bluefish, salmon, trout, tuna) from their natural habitat. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Farm raising finfish--are classified in U.S. Industry 112511, Finfish Farming and Fish Hatcheries; and 
 Gathering and processing (known as "floating factory ships") seafood into canned seafood products--are 

classified in Industry 311710, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging. 

114112 Shellfish Fishing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the commercial catching or taking of shellfish 

(e.g., clams, crabs, lobsters, mussels, oysters, sea urchins, shrimp) from their natural habitat. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in farm raising shellfish are classified in U.S. Industry 112512, Shellfish 

Farming. 

114119 Other Marine Fishing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the commercial catching or taking of marine 

animals (except finfish and shellfish). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Animal or plant aquaculture (except finfish and shellfish)--are classified in U.S. Industry 112519, Other 

Aquaculture; 

 The commercial catching or taking of finfish from their natural habitat--are classified in U.S. Industry 

114111, Finfish Fishing; and 

 The commercial catching or taking of shellfish from their natural habitat--are classified in U.S. Industry 

114112, Shellfish Fishing. 

1142 Hunting and TrappingT 

11421 Hunting and TrappingT 

 See industry description for 114210 below. 

114210 Hunting and Trapping

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) commercial 

hunting and trapping; (2) operating commercial game preserves, such as game retreats; and (3) operating hunting 

preserves. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating nature preserves--are classified in Industry 712190, Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions; 

and 

 Farm raising rabbits and other fur-bearing animals--are classified in Industry 112930, Fur-Bearing Animal 

and Rabbit Production. 

115 Support Activities for Agriculture and ForestryT 

 Industries in the Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry subsector provide support services that are an 

essential part of agricultural and forestry production. These support activities may be performed by the agriculture 

or forestry producing establishment or conducted independently as an alternative source of inputs required for the 

production process for a given crop, animal, or forestry industry. Establishments that primarily perform these 

activities independent of the agriculture or forestry producing establishment are in this subsector. 

1151 Support Activities for Crop ProductionT 

11511 Support Activities for Crop ProductionT 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing support activities for growing crops. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Aerial dusting or spraying (i.e., using specialized or dedicated aircraft) 

Farm management services 

Cotton ginning 

Planting crops 

Cultivating services 

Vineyard cultivation services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Performing crop production that are generally known as farms, orchards, groves, or vineyards (including 

sharecroppers and tenant farms)--are classified in the appropriate crop industry within Subsector 111, Crop 

Production; 

 Providing support activities for forestry--are classified in Industry 11531, Support Activities for Forestry; 

 Landscaping and horticultural services, such as lawn and maintenance care and ornamental shrub and tree 

services--are classified in Industry 56173, Landscaping Services; 

 Land clearing, land leveling, and earth moving for terracing, ponds, and irrigation--are classified in 

Industry 23891, Site Preparation Contractors; 

 Artificially drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and 

Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying; 

 Stemming and redrying tobacco--are classified in Industry 31223, Tobacco Manufacturing; 

 Providing water for irrigation--are classified in Industry 22131, Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; and 

 Buying farm products, such as fruits or vegetables, for resale to other wholesalers or retailers, and 

preparing them for market or further processing--are classified in Industry 42448, Fresh Fruit and 

Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers. 

115111 Cotton Ginning 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in ginning cotton. 

115112 Soil Preparation, Planting, and Cultivating 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing a soil preparation activity or crop 

production service, such as plowing, fertilizing, seed bed preparation, planting, cultivating, and crop protecting 

services. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Land clearing, land leveling, and earth moving for terracing, ponds, and irrigation--are classified in 

Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors; and 

 Providing water for irrigation--are classified in Industry 221310, Water Supply and Irrigation Systems. 

115113 Crop Harvesting, Primarily by Machine 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in mechanical harvesting, picking, and combining 

of crops, and related activities. The machinery used is provided by the servicing establishment. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing personnel for manual harvesting--are classified in U.S. Industry 115115, Farm Labor Contractors 

and Crew Leaders; and 
 Providing farm management services (i.e., on a contract or fee basis) and arranging or contracting crop 

mechanical or manual harvesting operations for the farm(s) it manages--are classified in U.S. Industry 

115116, Farm Management Services. 

115114 Postharvest Crop Activities (except Cotton Ginning) 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing services on crops, subsequent to 

their harvest, with the intent of preparing them for market or further processing. These establishments provide 

postharvest activities, such as crop cleaning, sun drying, shelling, fumigating, curing, sorting, grading, packing, and 

cooling. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Ginning cotton--are classified in U.S. Industry 115111, Cotton Ginning; 

 Custom grain grinding for animal feed--are classified in U.S. Industry 311119, Other Animal Food 

Manufacturing; 

 Artificially drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables--are classified in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and 

Dehydrated Food Manufacturing; 

 Stemming and redrying tobacco--are classified in Industry 312230, Tobacco Manufacturing; 

 Buying farm products for resale to other wholesalers or retailers and preparing them for market or further 

processing--are classified in Industry 424480, Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Providing farm management services (i.e., on a contract or fee basis) and arranging or contracting 

postharvesting crop activities for the farm(s) it manages--are classified in U.S. Industry 115116, Farm 

Management Services. 

115115 Farm Labor Contractors and Crew Leaders 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in supplying labor for agricultural production or 

harvesting. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing machine harvesting--are classified in U.S. Industry 115113, Crop Harvesting, Primarily by 

Machine; and 

 Providing farm management services (i.e., on a contract or fee basis) and arranging or contracting farm 

labor for the farm(s) it manages--are classified in U.S. Industry 115116, Farm Management Services. 

115116 Farm Management Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing farm management services on a 

contract or fee basis usually to citrus groves, orchards, or vineyards. These establishments always provide 

management and may arrange or contract for the partial or the complete operations of the farm establishment(s) it 

manages. Operational activities may include cultivating, harvesting, and/or other specialized agricultural support 

activities. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in crop production that are generally known as farms, orchards, groves, or 

vineyards (including share croppers and tenant farms), are classified in the appropriate crop industry within 

Subsector 111, Crop Production. 

1152 Support Activities for Animal ProductionT 

11521 Support Activities for Animal ProductionT 

 See industry description for 115210 below. 
115210 Support Activities for Animal Production

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing support activities related to raising 

livestock (e.g., cattle, goats, hogs, horses, poultry, sheep). These establishments may perform one or more of the 

following: (1) breeding services for animals, including companion animals (e.g., cats, dogs, pet birds); (2) pedigree 

record services; (3) boarding horses; (4) dairy herd improvement activities; (5) livestock spraying; and (6) sheep 

dipping and shearing. 

1153 Support Activities for ForestryT 

11531 Support Activities for ForestryT 

 See industry description for 115310 below. 

115310 Support Activities for Forestry

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing particular support activities related to 

timber production, wood technology, forestry economics and marketing, and forest protection. These establishments 

may provide support activities for forestry, such as estimating timber, forest firefighting, forest pest control, and 

consulting on wood attributes and reforestation. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the public administration and conservation of forest lands are classified in 

Industry 924120, Administration of Conservation Programs. 

 
Sector 21--Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas ExtractionT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction sector comprises establishments that extract naturally 

occurring mineral solids, such as coal and ores; liquid minerals, such as crude petroleum; and gases, such as natural 

gas. The term mining is used in the broad sense to include quarrying, well operations, beneficiating (e.g., crushing, 

screening, washing, and flotation), and other preparation customarily performed at the mine site, or as a part of 

mining activity. 

 The Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction sector distinguishes two basic activities: mine operation and 

mining support activities. Mine operation includes establishments operating mines, quarries, or oil and gas wells on 

their own account or for others on a contract or fee basis. Mining support activities include establishments that 

perform exploration (except geophysical surveying) and/or other mining services on a contract or fee basis (except 

mine site preparation and construction of oil/gas pipelines). 

 Establishments in the Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction sector are grouped and classified according 

to the natural resource mined or to be mined. Industries include establishments that develop the mine site, extract 

the natural resources, and/or those that beneficiate (i.e., prepare) the mineral mined. Beneficiation is the process 

whereby the extracted material is reduced to particles that can be separated into mineral and waste, the former 

suitable for further processing or direct use. The operations that take place in beneficiation are primarily 

mechanical, such as grinding, washing, magnetic separation, and centrifugal separation. In contrast, manufacturing 

operations primarily use chemical and electrochemical processes, such as electrolysis and distillation. However, 

some treatments, such as heat treatments, take place in both the beneficiation and the manufacturing (i.e., 

smelting/refining) stages. The range of preparation activities varies by mineral and the purity of any given ore 

deposit. While some minerals, such as petroleum and natural gas, require little or no preparation, others are washed 

and screened, while yet others, such as gold and silver, can be transformed into bullion before leaving the mine site. 

 Mining, beneficiating, and manufacturing activities often occur in a single location. Separate receipts will be 

collected for these activities whenever possible. When receipts cannot be broken out between mining and 

manufacturing, establishments that mine or quarry nonmetallic minerals, and then beneficiate the nonmetallic 

minerals into more finished manufactured products are classified based on the primary activity of the establishment. 

A mine that manufactures a small amount of finished products will be classified in Sector 21, Mining, Quarrying, 

and Oil and Gas Extraction. An establishment that mines whose primary output is a more finished manufactured 

product will be classified in Sector 31-33, Manufacturing. 

211 Oil and Gas ExtractionT 

 Industries in the Oil and Gas Extraction subsector operate and/or develop oil and gas field properties. Such 

activities may include exploration for crude petroleum and natural gas; drilling, completing, and equipping wells; 

operating separators, emulsion breakers, desilting equipment, and field gathering lines for crude petroleum and 

natural gas; and all other activities in the preparation of oil and gas up to the point of shipment from the producing 

property. This subsector includes the production of crude petroleum, the mining and extraction of oil from oil shale 

and oil sands, and the production of natural gas, sulfur recovery from natural gas, and recovery of hydrocarbon 

liquids. 

 Establishments in this subsector include those that operate oil and gas wells on their own account or for others on a 

contract or fee basis. Establishments primarily engaged in providing support services, on a fee or contract basis, 

required for the drilling or operation of oil and gas wells (except geophysical surveying and mapping, mine site 

preparation, and construction of oil/gas pipelines) are classified in Subsector 213, Support Activities for Mining. 

2111 Oil and Gas ExtractionT 

21111 Oil and Gas ExtractionT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating and/or developing oil and gas field 

properties and establishments primarily engaged in recovering liquid hydrocarbons from oil and gas field gases. 

Such activities may include exploration for crude petroleum and natural gas; drilling, completing, and equipping 

wells; operation of separators, emulsion breakers, desilting equipment, and field gathering lines for crude petroleum 
and natural gas; and all other activities in the preparation of oil and gas up to the point of shipment from the 

producing property. This industry includes the production of crude petroleum, the mining and extraction of oil from 

oil shale and oil sands, the production of natural gas, sulfur recovery from natural gas, and the recovery of 

hydrocarbon liquids from oil and gas field gases. Establishments in this industry operate oil and gas wells on their 

own account or for others on a contract or fee basis. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Performing oil field services for operators on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 21311, 

Support Activities for Mining; 

 Manufacturing acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons from refined petroleum or liquid hydrocarbons--are 

classified in Industry 32511, Petrochemical Manufacturing; 

 Refining crude petroleum into refined petroleum and liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 32411, 

Petroleum Refineries; and 

 Recovering helium from natural gas--are classified in Industry 32512, Industrial Gas Manufacturing. 

211111 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) the exploration, development and/or the 

production of petroleum or natural gas from wells in which the hydrocarbons will initially flow or can be produced 

using normal pumping techniques or (2) the production of crude petroleum from surface shales or tar sands or from 

reservoirs in which the hydrocarbons are semisolids. Establishments in this industry operate oil and gas wells on 

their own account or for others on a contract or fee basis. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Performing oil field services for operators on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 21311, 

Support Activities for Mining; 

 Refining crude petroleum into refined petroleum and liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 

324110, Petroleum Refineries; and 

 Recovering helium from natural gas--are classified in Industry 325120, Industrial Gas Manufacturing. 

211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the recovery of liquid hydrocarbons from oil 

and gas field gases. Establishments primarily engaged in sulfur recovery from natural gas are included in this 

industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons from refined petroleum or converting refined petroleum 

into liquid hydrocarbons (petrochemicals) and/or recovering liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 

325110, Petrochemical Manufacturing; 

 Refining crude petroleum into refined petroleum and liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 

324110, Petroleum Refineries; and 

 Recovering helium from natural gas--are classified in Industry 325120, Industrial Gas Manufacturing. 

212 Mining (except Oil and Gas)T 

 Industries in the Mining (except Oil and Gas) subsector primarily engage in mining, mine site development, and 

beneficiating (i.e., preparing) metallic minerals and nonmetallic minerals, including coal. The term "mining" is used 

in the broad sense to include ore extraction, quarrying, and beneficiating (e.g., crushing, screening, washing, sizing, 

concentrating, and flotation), customarily done at the mine site. 

 Beneficiation is the process whereby the extracted material is reduced to particles which can be separated into 

mineral and waste, the former suitable for further processing or direct use. The operations that take place in 

beneficiation are primarily mechanical, such as grinding, washing, magnetic separation, centrifugal separation, and 
so on. In contrast, manufacturing operations primarily use chemical and electrochemical processes, such as 

electrolysis, distillation, and so on. However some treatments, such as heat treatments, take place in both stages: the 

beneficiation and the manufacturing (i.e., smelting/refining) stages. The range of preparation activities varies by 

mineral and the purity of any given ore deposit. While some minerals, such as petroleum and natural gas, require 

little or no preparation, others are washed and screened, while yet others, such as gold and silver, can be transformed 

into bullion before leaving the mine site. 

 Establishments in the Mining (except Oil and Gas) subsector include those that have complete responsibility for 

operating mines and quarries (except oil and gas wells) and those that operate mines and quarries (except oil and gas 

wells) for others on a contract or fee basis. Establishments primarily engaged in providing support services, on a 

contract or fee basis, required for the mining and quarrying of minerals are classified in Subsector 213, Support 

Activities for Mining. 

2121 Coal MiningT 

21211 Coal MiningT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) mining bituminous 

coal, anthracite, and lignite by underground mining, auger mining, strip mining, culm bank mining, and other 

surface mining; (2) developing coal mine sites; and (3) beneficiating (i.e., preparing) coal (e.g., cleaning, washing, 

screening, and sizing coal). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing coke oven products in coke oven establishments--are classified in Industry 32419, Other 

Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing coal products in steel mills--are classified in Industry 33111, Iron and Steel Mills and 

Ferroalloy Manufacturing. 

212111 Bituminous Coal and Lignite Surface Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) surface mining 

of bituminous coal and lignite; (2) developing bituminous coal and lignite surface mine sites; (3) surface mining and 

beneficiating (e.g., cleaning, washing, screening, and sizing coal) of bituminous coal; or (4) beneficiating (e.g., 

cleaning, washing, screening, and sizing coal), but not mining, bituminous coal. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing coke oven products in coke oven establishments--are classified in U.S. Industry 324199, All 

Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing; 

 Underground mining of bituminous coal--are classified in U.S. Industry 212112, Bituminous Coal 

Underground Mining; and 

 Mining and/or beneficiating anthracite coal--are classified in U.S. Industry 212113, Anthracite Mining. 

212112 Bituminous Coal Underground Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) underground 

mining of bituminous coal; (2) developing bituminous coal underground mine sites; and (3) underground mining and 

beneficiating of bituminous coal (e.g., cleaning, washing, screening, and sizing coal). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing coke oven products in coke oven establishments--are classified in U.S. Industry 324199, All 

Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing; 

 Surface mining and/or beneficiating of bituminous coal or lignite--are classified in U.S. Industry 212111, 

Bituminous Coal and Lignite Surface Mining; and 

 Mining and/or beneficiating anthracite coal--are classified in U.S. Industry 212113, Anthracite Mining. 
212113 Anthracite Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) mining 

anthracite coal; (2) developing anthracite coal mine sites; and (3) beneficiating anthracite coal (e.g., cleaning, 

washing, screening, and sizing coal). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing coke oven products in coke oven establishments--are classified in U.S. Industry 324199, All 

Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing; 

 Surface mining and/or beneficiating bituminous coal or lignite--are classified in U.S. Industry 212111, 

Bituminous Coal and Lignite Surface Mining; and 

 Underground mining of bituminous coal--are classified in U.S. Industry 212112, Bituminous Coal 

Underground Mining. 

2122 Metal Ore MiningT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing mine sites or mining metallic 

minerals, and establishments primarily engaged in ore dressing and beneficiating (i.e., preparing) operations, such as 

crushing, grinding, washing, drying, sintering, concentrating, calcining, and leaching. Beneficiating may be 

performed at mills operated in conjunction with the mines served or at mills, such as custom mills, operated 

separately. 

21221 Iron Ore MiningT 

See industry description for 212210 below. 

212210 Iron Ore Mining

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) developing mine sites, mining, and/or 

beneficiating (i.e., preparing) iron ores and manganiferous ores valued chiefly for their iron content and/or (2) 

producing sinter iron ore (except iron ore produced in iron and steel mills) and other iron ore agglomerates. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pig iron ore are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel 

Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing. 

21222 Gold Ore and Silver Ore MiningT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or 

beneficiating (i.e., preparing) ores valued chiefly for their gold and/or silver content. Establishments primarily 

engaged in the transformation of the gold and silver into bullion or dore bar in combination with mining activities 

are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing gold or silver bullion or dore bar without mining are classified 

in Industry 33141, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining. 

212221 Gold Ore Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or 

beneficiating (i.e., preparing) ores valued chiefly for their gold content. Establishments primarily engaged in 

transformation of the gold into bullion or dore bar in combination with mining activities are included in this 

industry. 
Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing gold bullion or dore bar without mining are classified in 

Industry 331410, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining. 

212222 Silver Ore Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or 

beneficiating (i.e., preparing) ores valued chiefly for their silver content. Establishments primarily engaged in 

transformation of the silver into bullion or dore bar in combination with mining activities are included in this 

industry. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing silver bullion or dore bar without mining are classified in 

Industry 331410, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining. 

21223 Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc MiningT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or 

beneficiating (i.e., preparing) ores valued chiefly for their copper, nickel, lead, or zinc content. Beneficiating 

includes the transformation of ores into concentrates. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Refining copper concentrates--are classified in Industry 33141, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) 

Smelting and Refining; and 

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating iron and manganiferous ores valued for their iron 

content--are classified in Industry 21221, Iron Ore Mining. 

212231 Lead Ore and Zinc Ore Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or 

beneficiating (i.e., preparing) lead ores, zinc ores, or lead-zinc ores. 

212234 Copper Ore and Nickel Ore Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in: (1) developing the mine site, mining, and/or 

beneficiating (i.e., preparing) copper and/or nickel ores; and (2) recovering copper concentrates by the precipitation, 

leaching, or electrowinning of copper ore. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in refining copper concentrates are classified in Industry 331410, Nonferrous 

Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining. 

21229 Other Metal Ore MiningT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or 

beneficiating (i.e., preparing) metal ores (except iron and manganiferous ores valued for their iron content, gold ore, 

silver ore, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc ore). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Antimony ores mining and/or beneficiating 
Tantalum ores mining and/or beneficiating 

Columbite ores mining and/or beneficiating 

Tungsten ores mining and/or beneficiating 

Ilmenite ores mining and/or beneficiating 

Uranium-radium-vanadium ores mining and/or beneficiating 

Molybdenum ores mining and/or beneficiating 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating iron and manganiferous ores valued chiefly for their 

iron content--are classified in Industry 21221, Iron Ore Mining; 

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating ores valued chiefly for their gold or silver content--

are classified in Industry 21222, Gold Ore and Silver Ore Mining; 

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating ores valued chiefly for their copper, nickel, lead, or 

zinc content--are classified in Industry 21223, Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc Mining; and 

 Enriching uranium--are classified in Industry 32518, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing. 

212291 Uranium-Radium-Vanadium Ore Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or 

beneficiating (i.e., preparing) uranium-radium-vanadium ores. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in enriching uranium are classified in Industry 325180, Other Basic Inorganic 

Chemical Manufacturing. 

212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or 

beneficiating (i.e., preparing) metal ores (except iron and manganiferous ores valued for their iron content, gold ore, 

silver ore, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, and uranium-radium-vanadium ore). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Antimony ores mining and/or beneficiating 

Rare-earth metal ores mining and/or beneficiating 

Columbite ores mining and/or beneficiating 

Tantalum ores mining and/or beneficiating 

Ilmenite ores mining and/or beneficiating 

Tungsten ores mining and/or beneficiating 

Molybdenum ores mining and/or beneficiating 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating iron and manganiferous ores valued for their iron 

content--are classified in Industry 212210, Iron Ore Mining; 

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating ores valued chiefly for their gold or silver content--

are classified in Industry 21222, Gold Ore and Silver Ore Mining; 

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating ores valued chiefly for their copper, nickel, lead, or 

zinc content--are classified in Industry 21223, Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc Mining; and 

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating uranium-radium-vanadium ores--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 212291, Uranium-Radium-Vanadium Ore Mining. 

2123 Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and QuarryingT 
 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing mine sites, or in mining or 

quarrying nonmetallic minerals (except fuels). Also included are certain well and brine operations, and preparation 

plants primarily engaged in beneficiating (e.g., crushing, grinding, washing, and concentrating) nonmetallic 

minerals. 

 Beneficiation is the process whereby the extracted material is reduced to particles which can be separated into 

mineral and waste, the former suitable for further processing or direct use. The operations that take place in 

beneficiation are primarily mechanical, such as grinding, washing, magnetic separation, and centrifugal separation. 

In contrast, manufacturing operations primarily use chemical and electrochemical processes, such as electrolysis and 

distillation. However, some treatments, such as heat treatments, take place in both the beneficiation and the 

manufacturing (i.e., smelting/refining) stages. The range of preparation activities varies by mineral and the purity of 

any given ore deposit. While some minerals, such as petroleum and natural gas, require little or no preparation, 

others are washed and screened, while yet others, such as gold and silver, can be transformed into bullion before 

leaving the mine site. 

21231 Stone Mining and QuarryingT 

 This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining or quarrying 

dimension stone (i.e., rough blocks and/or slabs of stone), or mining and quarrying crushed and broken stone and/or 

(2) preparation plants primarily engaged in beneficiating stone (e.g., crushing, grinding, washing, screening, 

pulverizing, and sizing). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Producing lime--are classified in Industry 32741, Lime Manufacturing; and 

 Quarrying and dressing dimension stone--are classified in Industry 32799, All Other Nonmetallic Mineral 

Product Manufacturing. 

212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site and/or mining or 

quarrying dimension stone (i.e., rough blocks and/or slabs of stone). 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in dressing dimension stone and manufacturing stone products are classified in 

U.S. Industry 327991, Cut Stone and Stone Product Manufacturing. 

212312 Crushed and Broken Limestone Mining and Quarrying 

 This U.S. industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining or 

quarrying crushed and broken limestone (including related rocks, such as dolomite, cement rock, marl, travertine, 

and calcareous tufa); and (2) preparation plants primarily engaged in beneficiating limestone (e.g., grinding or 

pulverizing). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Producing lime--are classified in Industry 327410, Lime Manufacturing; and 

 Mining or quarrying bituminous limestone--are classified in U.S. Industry 212319, Other Crushed and 

Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying. 

212313 Crushed and Broken Granite Mining and Quarrying 

 This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, and/or mining or 

quarrying crushed and broken granite (including related rocks, such as gneiss, syenite, and diorite); and (2) 

preparation plants primarily engaged in beneficiating granite (e.g., grinding or pulverizing). 
212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying 

 This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site and/or mining or 

quarrying crushed and broken stone (except limestone and granite); (2) preparation plants primarily engaged in 

beneficiating (e.g., grinding and pulverizing) stone (except limestone and granite); and (3) establishments primarily 

engaged in mining or quarrying bituminous limestone and bituminous sandstone. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bituminous limestone mining and/or beneficiating 

Marble crushed and broken stone mining and/or beneficiating 

Bituminous sandstone mining and/or beneficiating 

Sandstone crushed and broken stone mining and/or beneficiating 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Mining or quarrying crushed and broken limestone--are classified in U.S. Industry 212312, Crushed and 

Broken Limestone Mining and Quarrying; and 

 Mining or quarrying crushed and broken granite--are classified in U.S. Industry 212313, Crushed and 

Broken Granite Mining and Quarrying. 

21232 Sand, Gravel, Clay, and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining and QuarryingT 

 This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site and/or mining, 

quarrying, dredging for sand and gravel, or mining clay (e.g., china clay, paper clay and slip clay), and (2) 

preparation plants primarily engaged in beneficiating (e.g., washing, screening, and grinding) sand and gravel, clay, 

and ceramic and refractory minerals. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Calcining, dead burning, or otherwise processing (i.e., beyond basic preparation) clay or refractory 

minerals--are classified in Industry 32799, All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; 

 Shaping, molding, baking, burning, or hardening nonclay ceramics, clay and nonclay refractories, and 

structural clay products--are classified in Industry 32712, Clay Building Material and Refractories 

Manufacturing; and 

 Shaping, molding, glazing, and firing pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures--are classified in Industry 

32711, Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing. 

212321 Construction Sand and Gravel Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) operating 

commercial grade (i.e., construction) sand and gravel pits; (2) dredging for commercial grade sand and gravel; and 

(3) washing, screening, or otherwise preparing commercial grade sand and gravel. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in mining industrial grade sand are classified in U.S. Industry 212322, Industrial 

Sand Mining. 

212322 Industrial Sand Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) operating 

industrial grade sand pits; (2) dredging for industrial grade sand; and (3) washing, screening, or otherwise preparing 

industrial grade sand. 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments primarily engaged in mining commercial (i.e., construction) grade gravel are classified in U.S. 

Industry 212321, Construction Sand and Gravel Mining. 

212324 Kaolin and Ball Clay Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site and/or mining 

kaolin or ball clay (e.g., china clay, paper clay, and slip clay) and (2) establishments primarily engaged in 

beneficiating (i.e., preparing) kaolin or ball clay. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in calcining, dead burning, or otherwise processing (i.e., beyond basic 

preparation) kaolin and ball clay are classified in U.S. Industry 327992, Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth 

Manufacturing. 

212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) mining clay 

(except kaolin and ball), ceramic, or refractory minerals; (2) developing the mine site for clay, ceramic, or refractory 

minerals; and (3) beneficiating (i.e., preparing) clay (except kaolin and ball), ceramic, or refractory minerals. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bentonite mining and/or beneficiating 

Fuller's earth mining and/or beneficiating 

Common clay mining and/or beneficiating 

Magnesite mining and/or beneficiating 

Feldspar mining and/or beneficiating 

Nepheline syenite mining and/or beneficiating 

Fire clay mining and/or beneficiating 

Shale (except oil shale) mining and/or beneficiating 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Shaping, molding, baking, burning, or hardening clay and nonclay refractories, and structural clay 

products--are classified in Industry 327120, Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing; 

 Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating kaolin or ball clay--are classified in U.S. Industry 

212324, Kaolin and Ball Clay Mining; and 

 Shaping, molding, glazing, and firing pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures--are classified in Industry 

327110, Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing. 

21239 Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and QuarryingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or milling or 

otherwise beneficiating (i.e., preparing) nonmetallic minerals (except coal, stone, sand, gravel, clay, ceramic, and 

refractory minerals). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Barite mining and/or beneficiating 

Phosphate rock mining and/or beneficiating 

Borate, natural, mining and/or beneficiating 

Potash mining and/or beneficiating 

Peat mining and/or beneficiating 

Rock salt mining and/or beneficiating 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Mining or quarrying dimension stone--are classified in Industry 21231, Stone Mining and Quarrying; 

 Mining or quarrying sand, gravel, clay and ceramic and refractory minerals--are classified in Industry 

21232, Sand, Gravel, Clay, and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining and Quarrying; 

 Calcining, dead burning, or otherwise processing (i.e., beyond basic preparation) minerals, such as talc, 

mica, feldspar, barite, and soapstone--are classified in Industry 32799, All Other Nonmetallic Mineral 

Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing boron compounds and potassium salts--are classified in Industry 32518, Other Basic 

Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing table salt--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing salt (except table salt)--are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and 

Preparation Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing phosphoric acid, superphosphates, or other phosphatic fertilizer materials--are classified in 

Industry 32531, Fertilizer Manufacturing. 

212391 Potash, Soda, and Borate Mineral Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining and/or milling, 

or otherwise beneficiating (i.e., preparing) natural potassium, sodium, or boron compounds. Drylake brine 

operations are included in this industry, as well as establishments engaged in producing the specified minerals from 

underground and open pit mines. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing sodium carbonate, boron compounds, and/or potassium salts--are classified in Industry 

325180, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing table salt--are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract Manufacturing. 

212392 Phosphate Rock Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, milling, 

and/or drying or otherwise beneficiating (i.e., preparing) phosphate rock. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing phosphoric acid, superphosphates, or other phosphatic 

fertilizer materials are classified in U.S. Industry 325312, Phosphatic Fertilizer Manufacturing. 

212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, milling, 

and/or drying or otherwise beneficiating (i.e., preparing) chemical or fertilizer mineral raw materials (except potash, 

soda, boron, and phosphate rock). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Barite mining and/or beneficiating 

Rock salt mining and/or beneficiating 

Celestite mining and/or beneficiating 

Sulfur mining and/or beneficiating 

Fluorspar mining and/or beneficiating 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Mining and/or milling or otherwise beneficiating natural potassium, sodium, or boron compounds--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 212391, Potash, Soda, and Borate Mineral Mining; 

 Manufacturing industrial salt--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical 

Product and Preparation Manufacturing; 

 Mining, milling, drying, and/or sintering or otherwise beneficiating phosphate rock--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 212392, Phosphate Rock Mining; and 

 Manufacturing table salt--are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract Manufacturing. 

212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining and/or milling 

or otherwise beneficiating (i.e., preparing) nonmetallic minerals (except stone, sand, gravel, clay, ceramic, refractory 

minerals, chemical and fertilizer minerals). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Gypsum mining and/or beneficiating 

Soapstone mining and/or beneficiating 

Mica mining and/or beneficiating 

Talc mining and/or beneficiating 

Pyrophyllite mining and/or beneficiating 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Mining or quarrying stone--are classified in Industry 21231, Stone Mining and Quarrying; 

 Mining, quarrying, or beneficiating sand, gravel, clay, and ceramic and refractory minerals--are classified 

in Industry 21232, Sand, Gravel, Clay, and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining and Quarrying; 

 Mining, quarrying or beneficiating natural potash, soda, and borate--are classified in U.S. Industry 212391, 

Potash, Soda, and Borate Mineral Mining; and 

 Mining and/or milling or otherwise beneficiating phosphate rock--are classified in U.S. Industry 212392, 

Phosphate Rock Mining. 

213 Support Activities for MiningT 

 Industries in the Support Activities for Mining subsector group establishments primarily providing support 

services, on a contract or fee basis, required for the mining and quarrying of minerals and for the extraction of oil 

and gas. Establishments performing exploration (except geophysical surveying and mapping) for minerals, on a 

contract or fee basis, are included in this subsector. Exploration includes traditional prospecting methods, such as 

taking core samples and making geological observations at prospective sites. 

 The activities performed on a contract or fee basis by establishments in the Support Activities for Mining 

subsector are also often performed in-house by mining operators. These activities include: taking core samples, 

making geological observations at prospective sites, excavating slush pits and cellars, and such oil and gas 

operations as spudding in, drilling in, redrilling, directional drilling, well surveying; running, cutting, and pulling 

casings, tubes and rods; cementing wells, shooting wells; perforating well casings; acidizing and chemically treating 

wells; and cleaning out, bailing, and swabbing wells. 

2131 Support Activities for MiningT 

21311 Support Activities for MiningT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing support services, on a contract or fee basis, 

required for the mining and quarrying of minerals and for the extraction of oil and gas. Drilling, taking core 

samples, and making geological observations at prospective sites (except geophysical surveying and mapping) for 

minerals, on a contract or fee basis, are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for minerals (i.e., coal, metal ores, oil and gas, and 

nonmetallic minerals) on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 54136, Geophysical Surveying 

and Mapping Services; 

 Mining, quarrying, and/or beneficiating on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Subsector 212, Mining 

(except Oil and Gas), based on the mineral mined; and 

 Operating oil and gas field properties on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Subsector 211, Oil and 

Gas Extraction, based on the activity. 

213111 Drilling Oil and Gas Wells

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in drilling oil and gas wells for others on a contract 

or fee basis. This industry includes contractors that specialize in spudding in, drilling in, redrilling, and directional 

drilling. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Performing exploration (except geophysical surveying and mapping) services for oil and gas on a contract 

or fee basis--are classified in U.S. Industry 213112, Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations; and 

 Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for oil and gas on a contract or fee basis--are 

classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services. 

213112 Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing support activities on a contract or 

fee basis for oil and gas operations (except site preparation and related construction activities). Services included 

are exploration (except geophysical surveying and mapping); excavating slush pits and cellars, well surveying; 

running, cutting, and pulling casings, tubes, and rods; cementing wells, shooting wells; perforating well casings; 

acidizing and chemically treating wells; and cleaning out, bailing, and swabbing wells. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Contract drilling for oil and gas--are classified in U.S. Industry 213111, Drilling Oil and Gas Wells; 

 Operating oil and gas field properties on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 21111, Oil and 

Gas Extraction; 

 Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for oil and gas on a contract or fee basis--are 

classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; 

 Oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction--are classified in Industry 237120, Oil and Gas 

Pipeline and Related Structures Construction; and 

 Site preparation and related construction activities on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 

238910, Site Preparation Contractors. 

213113 Support Activities for Coal Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing support activities for coal mining 

(except site preparation and related construction activities) on a contract or fee basis. Exploration for coal is 

included in this industry. Exploration includes traditional prospecting methods, such as taking core samples and 

making geological observations at prospective sites. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for coal on a contract or fee basis--are classified in 

Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; 

 Operating coal mines or quarries on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 21211, Coal Mining, 

based on the type of coal mined; and 
 Site preparation and related construction activities on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 

238910, Site Preparation Contractors. 

213114 Support Activities for Metal Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing support activities (except site 

preparation and related construction activities) on a contract or fee basis for the mining and quarrying of metallic 

minerals and for the extraction of metal ores. Exploration for these minerals is included in this industry. 

Exploration (except geophysical surveying and mapping services) includes traditional prospecting methods, such as 

taking core samples and making geological observations at prospective sites. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for metallic minerals on a contract or fee basis--

are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; 

 Operating metallic mineral mines or quarries on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry Group 

2122, Metal Ore Mining, based on the type of ore mined; and 

 Site preparation and related construction activities on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 

238910, Site Preparation Contractors. 

213115 Support Activities for Nonmetallic Minerals (except Fuels) Mining 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing support activities, on a fee or contract 

basis, for the mining and quarrying of nonmetallic minerals (except fuel) and for the extraction of nonmetallic 

minerals (except site preparation and related construction activities). Exploration for these minerals is included in 

this industry. Exploration (except geophysical surveying and mapping services) includes traditional prospecting 

methods, such as taking core samples and making geological observations at prospective sites. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for nonmetallic minerals on a contract or fee 

basis--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; 

 Operating nonmetallic mineral mines or quarries on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry Group 

2123, Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying, based on the type of mineral mined or quarried; and 

 Site preparation and related construction activities--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation 

Contractors. 

 
Sector 22—UtilitiesT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Utilities sector comprises establishments engaged in the provision of the following utility services: electric 

power, natural gas, steam supply, water supply, and sewage removal. Within this sector, the specific activities 

associated with the utility services provided vary by utility: electric power includes generation, transmission, and 

distribution; natural gas includes distribution; steam supply includes provision and/or distribution; water supply 

includes treatment and distribution; and sewage removal includes collection, treatment, and disposal of waste 

through sewer systems and sewage treatment facilities. 

 Excluded from this sector are establishments primarily engaged in waste management services classified in 

Subsector 562, Waste Management and Remediation Services. These establishments also collect, treat, and dispose 

of waste materials; however, they do not use sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities. 

221 Utilities 

 Industries in the Utilities subsector provide electric power, natural gas, steam supply, water supply, and sewage 

removal through a permanent infrastructure of lines, mains, and pipes. Establishments are grouped together based 

on the utility service provided and the particular system or facilities required to perform the service. 

2211 Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in generating, transmitting, and/or distributing 

electric power. Establishments in this industry group may perform one or more of the following activities: (1) 

operate generation facilities that produce electric energy; (2) operate transmission systems that convey the electricity 

from the generation facility to the distribution system; and (3) operate distribution systems that convey electric 

power received from the generation facility or the transmission system to the final consumer. 

22111 Electric Power Generation 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating electric power generation facilities. These 

facilities convert other forms of energy, such as water power (i.e., hydroelectric), fossil fuels, nuclear power, and 

solar power, into electrical energy. The establishments in this industry produce electric energy and provide 

electricity to transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating trash incinerators that also generate electricity are classified in 

Industry 56221, Waste Treatment and Disposal. 

221111 Hydroelectric Power Generation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating hydroelectric power generation 

facilities. These facilities use water power to drive a turbine and produce electric energy. The electric energy 

produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution 

systems. 

 

221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating fossil fuel powered electric power 

generation facilities. These facilities use fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, or gas, in internal combustion or combustion 

turbine conventional steam process to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments 

is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. 

 

221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating nuclear electric power generation 

facilities. These facilities use nuclear power to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these 

establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. 

221114 Solar Electric Power Generation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating solar electric power generation 

facilities. These facilities use energy from the sun to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these 

establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. 

221115 Wind Electric Power Generation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating wind electric power generation 

facilities. These facilities use wind power to drive a turbine and produce electric energy. The electric energy 

produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution 

systems. 

221116 Geothermal Electric Power Generation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating geothermal electric power generation 

facilities. These facilities use heat derived from the Earth to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced 

in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. 

221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating biomass electric power generation 

facilities. These facilities use biomass (e.g., wood, waste, alcohol fuels) to produce electric energy. The electric 

energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power 

distribution systems. 

Cross-References. 

 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating trash disposal incinerators that also generate electricity are 

classified in U.S. Industry 562213, Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators. 

221118 Other Electric Power Generation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating electric power generation facilities 

(except hydroelectric, fossil fuel, nuclear, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass). These facilities convert other forms of 

energy, such as tidal power, into electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to 

electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating trash disposal incinerators that also generate electricity--are classified in U.S. Industry 562213, 

Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; 

 Operating hydroelectric power generation facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 221111, Hydroelectric 

Power Generation; 

 Operating fossil fuel powered electric power generation facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 221112, 

Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation; 

 Operating nuclear electric power generation facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 221113, Nuclear 

Electric Power Generation; 

 Operating solar electric power generation facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 221114, Solar Electric 

Power Generation; 
 Operating wind electric power generation facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 221115, Wind Electric 

Power Generation; 

 Operating geothermal electric power generation facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 221116, 

Geothermal Electric Power Generation; and 

 Operating biomass electric power generation facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 221117, Biomass 

Electric Power Generation. 

22112 Electric Power Transmission, Control, and Distribution 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating electric power transmission systems, 

controlling (i.e., regulating voltages) the transmission of electricity, and/or distributing electricity. The transmission 

system includes lines and transformer stations. These establishments arrange, facilitate, or coordinate the 

transmission of electricity from the generating source to the distribution centers, other electric utilities, or final 

consumers. The distribution system consists of lines, poles, meters, and wiring that deliver the electricity to final 

consumers. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in generating electric energy are classified in Industry 22111, Electric Power 

Generation. 

221121 Electric Bulk Power Transmission and Control 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating electric power transmission systems 

and/or controlling (i.e., regulating voltages) the transmission of electricity from the generating source to distribution 

centers or other electric utilities. The transmission system includes lines and transformer stations. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Generating electric energy--are classified in Industry 22111, Electric Power Generation; and 

 Distributing electricity to final consumers--are classified in U.S. Industry 221122, Electric Power 

Distribution. 

221122 Electric Power Distribution 

 This U.S. industry comprises electric power establishments primarily engaged in either (1) operating electric 

power distribution systems (i.e., consisting of lines, poles, meters, and wiring) or (2) operating as electric power 

brokers or agents that arrange the sale of electricity via power distribution systems operated by others. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Generating electric energy--are classified in Industry 22111, Electric Power Generation; and 

 Transmitting electricity between generating sources or distribution centers--are classified in U.S. Industry 

221121, Electric Bulk Power Transmission and Control. 

2212 Natural Gas Distribution 

22121 Natural Gas Distribution 

 See industry description for 221210 below. 

221210 Natural Gas Distribution 

 This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily engaged in operating gas distribution systems (e.g., mains, 

meters); (2) establishments known as gas marketers that buy gas from the well and sell it to a distribution system; 
(3) establishments known as gas brokers or agents that arrange the sale of gas over gas distribution systems operated 

by others; and (4) establishments primarily engaged in transmitting and distributing gas to final consumers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Pipeline transportation of natural gas from process plants to local distribution systems--are classified in 

Industry 486210, Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas; and 

 Retailing liquefied petroleum (LP) gas via direct selling--are classified in Industry 454310, Fuel Dealers. 

2213 Water, Sewage and Other Systems 

22131 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems 

 See industry description for 221310 below. 

221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating water treatment plants and/or operating 

water supply systems. The water supply system may include pumping stations, aqueducts, and/or distribution 

mains. The water may be used for drinking, irrigation, or other uses. 

22132 Sewage Treatment Facilities 

 See industry description for 221320 below. 

221320 Sewage Treatment Facilities 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating sewer systems or sewage treatment 

facilities that collect, treat, and dispose of waste. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating waste treatment or disposal facilities (except sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities)--are 

classified in Industry 56221, Waste Treatment and Disposal; 

 Pumping (i.e., cleaning) septic tanks and cesspools--are classified in U.S. Industry 562991, Septic Tank and 

Related Services; and 

 Cleaning and rodding sewers and catch basins--are classified in U.S. Industry 562998, All Other 

Miscellaneous Waste Management Services. 

22133 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply 

 See industry description for 221330 below. 

221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing steam, heated air, or cooled air. The steam 

distribution may be through mains. 

 
Sector 23—ConstructionT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Construction sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of buildings or 

engineering projects (e.g., highways and utility systems). Establishments primarily engaged in the preparation of 

sites for new construction and establishments primarily engaged in subdividing land for sale as building sites also 

are included in this sector. 

 Construction work done may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. Activities of 

these establishments generally are managed at a fixed place of business, but they usually perform construction 

activities at multiple project sites. Production responsibilities for establishments in this sector are usually specified 

in (1) contracts with the owners of construction projects (prime contracts) or (2) contracts with other construction 

establishments (subcontracts). 

 Establishments primarily engaged in contracts that include responsibility for all aspects of individual construction 

projects are commonly known as general contractors, but also may be known as design-builders, construction 

managers, turnkey contractors, or (in cases where two or more establishments jointly secure a general contract) 

joint-venture contractors. Construction managers that provide oversight and scheduling only (i.e., agency) as well as 

construction managers that are responsible for the entire project (i.e., at risk) are included as general contractor type 

establishments. Establishments of the "general contractor type" frequently arrange construction of separate parts of 

their projects through subcontracts with other construction establishments. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in activities to produce a specific component (e.g., masonry, painting, and 

electrical work) of a construction project are commonly known as specialty trade contractors. Activities of specialty 

trade contractors are usually subcontracted from other construction establishments, but especially in remodeling and 

repair construction, the work may be done directly for the owner of the property. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in activities to construct buildings to be sold on sites that they own are known as 

for-sale builders, but also may be known as speculative builders or merchant builders. For-sale builders produce 

buildings in a manner similar to general contractors, but their production processes also include site acquisition and 

securing of financial backing. For-sale builders are most often associated with the construction of residential 

buildings. Like general contractors, they may subcontract all or part of the actual construction work on their 

buildings. 

 There are substantial differences in the types of equipment, work force skills, and other inputs required by 

establishments in this sector. To highlight these differences and variations in the underlying production functions, 

this sector is divided into three subsectors. 

 Subsector 236, Construction of Buildings, comprises establishments of the general contractor type and for-sale 

builders involved in the construction of buildings. Subsector 237, Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction, 

comprises establishments involved in the construction of engineering projects. Subsector 238, Specialty Trade 

Contractors, comprises establishments engaged in specialty trade activities generally needed in the construction of 

all types of buildings. 

 Force account construction is construction work performed by an enterprise primarily engaged in some business 

other than construction for its own account, using employees of the enterprise. This activity is not included in the 

construction sector unless the construction work performed is the primary activity of a separate establishment of the 

enterprise. The installation and the ongoing repair and maintenance of telecommunications and utility networks is 

excluded from construction when the establishments performing the work are not independent contractors. 

Although a growing proportion of this work is subcontracted to independent contractors in the Construction sector, 

the operating units of telecommunications and utility companies performing this work are included with the 

telecommunications or utility activities. 

236 Construction of BuildingsT 

 The Construction of Buildings subsector comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction of 

buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. The onsite assembly of precut, panelized, and prefabricated buildings and construction of temporary buildings are included 

in this subsector. Part or all of the production work for which the establishments in this subsector have 

responsibility may be subcontracted to other construction establishments--usually specialty trade contractors. 
 Establishments in this subsector are classified based on the types of buildings they construct. This classification 

reflects variations in the requirements of the underlying production processes. 

2361 Residential Building ConstructionT 

23611 Residential Building ConstructionT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction or remodeling and renovation of 

single-family and multifamily residential buildings. Included in this industry are residential housing general 

contractors (i.e., new construction, remodeling, or renovating existing residential structures), for-sale builders and 

remodelers of residential structures, residential project construction management firms, and residential design-build 

firms. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Performing specialized construction work on houses and other residential buildings, generally on a 

subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors; 

 Performing manufactured (mobile) home setup and tie-down work--are classified in Industry 23899, All 

Other Specialty Trade Contractors; and 

 Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account--are classified in Industry 53111, 

Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings. 

236115 New Single-Family Housing Construction (except For-Sale Builders) 

 This U.S. industry comprises general contractor establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction of 

new single-family housing, such as single-family detached houses and town houses or row houses where each 

housing unit (1) is separated from its neighbors by a ground-to-roof wall and (2) has no housing units constructed 

above or below. This industry includes general contractors responsible for the on-site assembly of modular and 

prefabricated houses. Single-family housing design-build firms and single-family construction management firms 

acting as general contractors are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Building single-family houses on their own account for sale as speculative builders or merchant builders--

are classified in U.S. Industry 236117, New Housing For-Sale Builders; 

 Remodeling or repairing existing houses and other residential buildings--are classified in U.S. Industry 

236118, Residential Remodelers; 

 Performing manufactured (mobile) home set up and tie-down work--are classified in Industry 238990, All 

Other Specialty Trade Contractors; 

 Performing specialized construction work on houses and other residential buildings, generally on a 

subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors; and 

 Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account--are classified in Industry 531110, 

Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings. 

236116 New Multifamily Housing Construction (except For-Sale Builders) 

 This U.S. industry comprises general contractor establishments primarily responsible for the construction of new 

multifamily residential housing units (e.g., high-rise, garden, town house apartments, and condominiums where each 

unit is not separated from its neighbors by a ground-to-roof wall). Multifamily design-build firms and multifamily 

housing construction management firms acting as general contractors are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Building multifamily buildings on their own account for sale as speculative builders or merchant builders--

are classified in U.S. Industry 236117, New Housing For-Sale Builders; 
 Remodeling or repairing existing multifamily housing and other residential buildings--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 236118, Residential Remodelers; 

 Performing specialized construction work on multifamily housing and other residential buildings, generally 

on a subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors; and 

 Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account--are classified in Industry 531110, 

Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings. 

236117 New Housing For-Sale Builders 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in building new homes on land that is owned or 

controlled by the builder rather than the homebuyer or investor. The land is included with the sale of the home. 

Establishments in this industry build single and/or multifamily homes. These establishments are often referred to as 

merchant builders, but are also known as production or for-sale builders. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Building single-family houses for others as general contractors--are classified in U.S. Industry 236115, 

New Single-Family Housing Construction (except For-Sale Builders); 

 Building multifamily residential buildings for others as general contractors--are classified in U.S. Industry 

236116, New Multifamily Housing Construction (except For-Sale Builders); 

 Remodeling or repairing existing houses and other residential buildings, either for others or on own account 

for sale--are classified in U.S. Industry 236118, Residential Remodelers; 

 Performing specialized construction work on houses or other residential buildings, generally on a 

subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors; and 

 Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account--are classified in Industry 531110, 

Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings. 

236118 Residential Remodelers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the remodeling construction (including 

additions, alterations, reconstruction, maintenance, and repair work) of houses and other residential buildings, 

single-family, and multifamily. Included in this industry are remodeling general contractors, for-sale remodelers, 

remodeling design-build firms, and remodeling project construction management firms. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Building single-family houses for others as general contractors--are classified in U.S. Industry 236115, 

New Single-Family Housing Construction (except For-Sale Builders); 

 Building multifamily buildings for others as general contractors--are classified in U.S. Industry 236116, 

New Multifamily Housing Construction (except For-Sale Builders); 

 Building houses or other residential buildings, on their own account for sale as speculative builders or 

merchant builders--are classified in U.S. Industry 236117, New Housing For-Sale Builders; 

 Remodeling nonresidential buildings--are classified in Industry Group 2362, Nonresidential Building 

Construction, based on the type of structure being remodeled; 

 Performing specialized construction work on houses or other residential buildings generally on a 

subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors; and 

 23611Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings. 

2362 Nonresidential Building ConstructionT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction (including new work, 

additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of nonresidential buildings. This industry group includes 

nonresidential general contractors, nonresidential for-sale builders, nonresidential design-build firms, and 

nonresidential project construction management firms. 

23621 Industrial Building ConstructionT 
 See industry description for 236210 below. 

236210 Industrial Building Construction 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction (including new work, additions, 

alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of industrial buildings (except warehouses). The construction of selected 

additional structures, whose production processes are similar to those for industrial buildings (e.g., incinerators, 

cement plants, blast furnaces, and similar nonbuilding structures), is included in this industry. Included in this 

industry are industrial building general contractors, industrial building for-sale builders, industrial building designbuild firms, and industrial building construction management firms. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Assembly plant construction 

Furnace, industrial plant, construction 

Cannery construction 

Mine loading and discharging station construction 

Cement plant construction 

Paper or pulp mill construction 

Chemical plant (except petrochemical) construction 

Pharmaceutical manufacturing plant construction 

Factory construction 

Steel mill construction 

Food processing plant construction 

Waste disposal plant (except sewage treatment) construction 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Constructing oil refineries and petrochemical plants--are classified in Industry 237120, Oil and Gas 

Pipeline and Related Structures Construction; 

 Constructing water treatment plants, sewage treatment plants, and pumping stations for water and sewer 

systems--are classified in Industry 237110, Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction; 

 Constructing power generation plants (except hydroelectric)--are classified in Industry 237130, Power and 

Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; 

 Constructing industrial warehouses--are classified in Industry 236220, Commercial and Institutional 

Building Construction; and 

 Performing specialized construction work on industrial buildings, generally on a subcontract basis--are 

classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors. 

23622 Commercial and Institutional Building ConstructionT 

 See industry description for 236220 below. 

236220 Commercial and Institutional Building Construction 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction (including new work, additions, 

alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of commercial and institutional buildings and related structures, such as 

stadiums, grain elevators, and indoor swimming facilities. This industry includes establishments responsible for the 

on-site assembly of modular or prefabricated commercial and institutional buildings. Included in this industry are 

commercial and institutional building general contractors, commercial and institutional building for-sale builders, 

commercial and institutional building design-build firms, and commercial and institutional building project 

construction management firms. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Airport building construction 

Office building construction 
Arena construction 

Parking garage construction 

Barrack construction 

Prison construction 

Farm building construction 

Radio and television broadcast studio construction 

Fire station construction 

Religious building (e.g., church, synagogue, mosque, temple) construction 

Grain elevator construction 

Restaurant construction 

Hospital construction 

School building construction 

Hotel construction 

Shopping mall construction 

Indoor swimming facility construction 

Warehouse construction (e.g., commercial, industrial, manufacturing, private) 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Constructing structures that are integral parts of utility systems (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations) or are 

used to produce products for these systems (e.g., power plants, refineries)--are classified in Industry Group 

2371, Utility System Construction, based on type of construction project; 

 Performing specialized construction work on commercial and institutional buildings, generally on a 

subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors; and 

 Constructing buildings on their own account for rent or lease--are classified in Industry Group 5311, 

Lessors of Real Estate. 

237 Heavy and Civil Engineering ConstructionT 

 The Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction subsector comprises establishments whose primary activity is the 

construction of entire engineering projects (e.g., highways and dams), and specialty trade contractors, whose 

primary activity is the production of a specific component for such projects. Specialty trade contractors in Heavy 

and Civil Engineering Construction generally are performing activities that are specific to heavy and civil 

engineering construction projects and are not normally performed on buildings. The work performed may include 

new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. 

 Specialty trade activities are classified in this subsector if the skills and equipment present are specific to heavy or 

civil engineering construction projects. For example, specialized equipment is needed to paint lines on highways. 

This equipment is not normally used in building applications so the activity is classified in this subsector. Traffic 

signal installation, while specific to highways, uses much of the same skills and equipment that are needed for 

electrical work in building projects and is therefore classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors. 

 Construction projects involving water resources (e.g., dredging and land drainage) and projects involving open 

space improvement (e.g., parks and trails) are included in this subsector. Establishments whose primary activity is 

the subdivision of land into individual building lots usually perform various additional site-improvement activities 

(e.g., road building and utility line installation) and are included in this subsector. 

 Establishments in this subsector are classified based on the types of structures that they construct. This 

classification reflects variations in the requirements of the underlying production processes. 

2371 Utility System ConstructionT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of distribution lines and 

related buildings and structures for utilities (i.e., water, sewer, petroleum, gas, power, and communication). All 

structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of utility systems (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, power 

plants, and refineries) are included in this industry group. 

23711 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures ConstructionT 

 See industry description for 237110 below. 
237110 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of water and sewer lines, mains, 

pumping stations, treatment plants, and storage tanks. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, 

rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities 

primarily related to water, sewer line, and related structures construction. All structures (including buildings) that 

are integral parts of water and sewer networks (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, water treatment plants, and 

sewage treatment plants) are included in this industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Distribution line, sewer and water, construction 

Sewer main, pipe, and connection, construction 

Fire hydrant installation 

Storm sewer construction 

Irrigation systems construction 

Water main and line construction 

Pumping station, water and sewage system, construction 

Water system storage tank and tower construction 

Reservoir construction 

Water treatment plant construction 

Sewage disposal plant construction 

Water well drilling, digging, boring, or sinking (except water intake wells in oil and gas fields) 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in constructing marine facilities (e.g., ports), flood control structures, dams, or 

hydroelectric power generation facilities are classified in Industry 237990, Other Heavy and Civil Engineering 

Construction. 

23712 Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures ConstructionT 

 See industry description for 237120 below. 

237120 Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construction 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of oil and gas lines, mains, 

refineries, and storage tanks. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and 

repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to oil 

and gas pipeline and related structures construction. All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of oil 

and gas networks (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, and refineries) are included in this industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Distribution line, gas and oil, construction 

Oil refinery construction 

Gas main construction 

Petrochemical plant construction 

Gathering line, gas and oil field, construction 

Pumping station, gas and oil transmission, construction 

Natural gas pipeline construction 

Storage tank, natural gas or oil, tank farm or field, construction 

Natural gas processing plant construction 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments primarily engaged in building chemical plants (except petrochemical) and similar process or batch 

facilities are classified in Industry 236210, Industrial Building Construction. 

23713 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures ConstructionT 

 See industry description for 237130 below. 

237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of power lines and towers, power 

plants, and radio, television, and telecommunications transmitting/receiving towers. The work performed may 

include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group 

if they are engaged in activities primarily related to power and communication line and related structures 

construction. All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of power and communication networks (e.g., 

transmitting towers, substations, and power plants) are included. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Alternative energy (e.g., geothermal, ocean wave, solar, wind) structure construction 

Power line stringing 

Cellular phone tower construction 

Radio transmitting tower construction 

Co-generation plant construction 

Satellite receiving station construction 

Communication tower construction 

Telephone line stringing 

Electric light and power plant (except hydroelectric) construction 

Transformer station and substation, electric power, construction 

Electric power transmission line and tower construction 

Underground cable (e.g., cable television, electricity, telephone) laying 

Nuclear power plant construction 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Constructing hydroelectric generating facilities--are classified in Industry 237990, Other Heavy and Civil 

Engineering Construction; 

 Constructing broadcast studios and similar nonresidential buildings--are classified in Industry 236220, 

Commercial and Institutional Building Construction; 

 Performing electrical work within buildings--are classified in Industry 238210, Electrical Contractors and 

Other Wiring Installation Contractors; 

 Line slashing or cutting (except maintenance)--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation 

Contractors; 

 Installing and maintaining communication transmission lines performed by telecommunications 

companies--are classified in Subsector 517, Telecommunications; 

 Locating underground utility lines prior to digging--are classified in Industry 561990, All Other Support 

Services; and 

 Tree and brush trimming for overhead utility lines--are classified in Industry 561730, Landscaping 

Services. 

2372 Land SubdivisionT 

23721 Land SubdivisionT 

 See industry description for 237210 below. 

237210 Land Subdivision 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in servicing land and subdividing real property into lots, 

for subsequent sale to builders. Servicing of land may include excavation work for the installation of roads and 

utility lines. The extent of work may vary from project to project. Land subdivision precedes building activity and 

the subsequent building is often residential, but may also be commercial tracts and industrial parks. These 

establishments may do all the work themselves or subcontract the work to others. Establishments that perform only 

the legal subdivision of land are not included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Constructing buildings, for sale, on lots they subdivide--are classified based on the type of construction 

project, in Industry Group 2361, Residential Building Construction, or Industry Group 2362, 

Nonresidential Building Construction; 

 Installing roads on a subcontract basis for land subdividers--are classified in Industry 237310, Highway, 

Street, and Bridge Construction; 

 Installing utilities on a subcontract basis for land subdividers--are classified in Industry Group 2371, Utility 

System Construction; 

 Preparing land owned by others for building construction--are classified in Industry 238910, Site 

Preparation Contractors; 

 Constructing buildings, for rent or own use, on lots they subdivide--are classified in Industry Group 5311, 

Lessors of Real Estate; and 

 Legal subdivision of land without land preparation--are classified elsewhere in the classification system 

based on the primary activity of the establishment. 

2373 Highway, Street, and Bridge ConstructionT 

23731 Highway, Street, and Bridge ConstructionT

 

 See industry description for 237310 below. 

237310 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of highways (including elevated), 

streets, roads, airport runways, public sidewalks, or bridges. The work performed may include new work, 

reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged 

in activities primarily related to highway, street, and bridge construction (e.g., installing guardrails on highways). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Airport runway construction 

Highway line painting 

Causeway construction 

Painting traffic lanes or parking lot lines 

Culverts, highway, road, and street, construction 

Pothole filling, highway, road, street, or bridge 

Elevated highway construction 

Resurfacing, highway, road, street, or bridge 

Guardrail construction 

Sign erection, highway, road, street, or bridge 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Constructing tunnels--are classified in Industry 237990, Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction; 

 Highway lighting and signal installation--are classified in Industry 238210, Electrical Contractors and 

Other Wiring Installation Contractors; 

 Painting bridges--are classified in Industry 238320, Painting and Wall Covering Contractors; and 

 Constructing parking lots, private driveways, sidewalks, or erecting billboards--are classified in Industry 

238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors. 
2379 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering ConstructionT 

23799 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering ConstructionT 

 See industry description for 237990 below. 

237990 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in heavy and engineering construction projects 

(excluding highway, street, bridge, and distribution line construction). The work performed may include new work, 

reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged 

in activities primarily related to engineering construction projects (excluding highway, street, bridge, distribution 

line, oil and gas structure, and utilities building and structure construction). Construction projects involving water 

resources (e.g., dredging and land drainage), development of marine facilities, and projects involving open space 

improvement (e.g., parks and trails) are included in this industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Channel construction 

Land drainage contractors 

Dam construction 

Marine construction 

Dock construction 

Microtunneling contractors 

Dredging (e.g., canal, channel, ditch, waterway) 

Nuclear waste disposal site construction 

Earth retention system construction 

Park ground and recreational open space improvement construction 

Flood control project construction 

Railroad construction 

Golf course construction 

Subway construction 

Horizontal drilling (e.g., cable, pipeline, sewer installation) 

Trenching, underwater 

Hydroelectric generating station construction 

Tunnel construction 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Constructing water mains, sewers, and related structures--are classified in Industry 237110, Water and 

Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction; 

 Constructing oil and gas pipelines and related structures--are classified in Industry 237120, Oil and Gas 

Pipeline and Related Structures Construction; 

 Constructing power and communication transmission lines and related structures--are classified in Industry 

237130, Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; 

 Constructing highways, streets, and bridges--are classified in Industry 237310, Highway, Street, and Bridge 

Construction; and 

 Trenching (except underwater)--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors. 

238 Specialty Trade ContractorsT 

 The Specialty Trade Contractors subsector comprises establishments whose primary activity is performing specific 

activities (e.g., pouring concrete, site preparation, plumbing, painting, and electrical work) involved in building 

construction or other activities that are similar for all types of construction, but that are not responsible for the entire 

project. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. The 

production work performed by establishments in this subsector is usually subcontracted from establishments of the 
general contractor type or for-sale builders, but especially in remodeling and repair construction, work also may be 

done directly for the owner of the property. Specialty trade contractors usually perform most of their work at the 

construction site, although they may have shops where they perform prefabrication and other work. Establishments 

primarily engaged in preparing sites for new construction are also included in this subsector. 

 There are substantial differences in types of equipment, work force skills, and other inputs required by specialty 

trade contractors. Establishments in this subsector are classified based on the underlying production function for the 

specialty trade in which they specialize. Throughout the Specialty Trade Contractors subsector, establishments 

commonly provide both the parts and labor required to complete work. For example, electrical contractors supply 

the current-carrying and noncurrent-carrying wiring devices that are required to install a circuit. Plumbing, heating, 

and air-conditioning contractors also supply the parts required to complete a contract. 

 Establishments that specialize in activities primarily related to heavy and civil engineering construction that are 

not normally performed on buildings, such as the painting of lines on highways are classified in Subsector 237, 

Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction. 

 Establishments that are primarily engaged in selling construction materials are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale 

Trade, or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade, based on the characteristics of the selling unit. 

2381 Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior ContractorsT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the specialty trades needed to complete the 

basic structure (i.e., foundation, frame, and shell) of buildings. The work performed may include new work, 

additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 

23811 Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors 

 See industry description for 238110 below. 

238110 Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in pouring and finishing concrete foundations and 

structural elements. This industry also includes establishments performing grout and shotcrete work. The work 

performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Concrete pouring and finishing 

Gunite contractors 

Concrete pumping (i.e., placement) 

Mud-jacking contractors 

Concrete work (except paving) 

Shotcrete contractors 

Footing and foundation concrete contractors 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Constructing or paving streets, highways, and public sidewalks--are classified in Industry 237310, 

Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction; 

 Concrete sealing, coating, waterproofing, or dampproofing--are classified in Industry 238390, Other 

Building Finishing Contractors; and 

 Paving residential driveways, commercial parking lots, and other private parking areas--are classified in 

Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors. 

23812 Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors

 See industry description for 238120 below. 

238120 Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) erecting and assembling structural parts made 

from steel or precast concrete (e.g., steel beams, structural steel components, and similar products of precast 

concrete) and/or (2) assembling and installing other steel construction products (e.g., steel rods, bars, rebar, mesh, 

and cages) to reinforce poured-in-place concrete. The work performed may include new work, additions, 

alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Concrete product (e.g., structural precast, structural prestressed) installation 

Rebar contractors 

Erecting structural steel 

Reinforcing steel contractors 

Placing and tying reinforcing rod at a construction site 

Structural steel contractors 

Precast concrete panel, slab, or form installation 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in pouring concrete at the construction site for building foundations or structural 

elements are classified in Industry 238110, Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors. 

23813 Framing Contractors 

 See industry description for 238130 below. 

238130 Framing Contractors 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in structural framing and sheathing using materials 

other than structural steel or concrete. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, 

maintenance, and repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Building framing (except structural steel) 

Post frame contractors 

Foundation, building, wood, contractors 

Steel framing contractors 

Framing contractors 

Wood frame component (e.g., truss) fabrication on site 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Finish carpentry--are classified in Industry 238350, Finish Carpentry Contractors; and 

 Installing structural steel, precast concrete framing, or structural elements--are classified in Industry 

238120, Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors. 

23814 Masonry Contractors 

 See industry description for 238140 below. 

238140 Masonry Contractors 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in masonry work, stone setting, brick laying, and other 

stone work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Block laying 
Marble, granite, and slate, exterior, contractors 

Brick laying 

Masonry pointing, cleaning, or caulking 

Concrete block laying 

Stucco contractors 

Foundation (e.g., brick, block, stone), building, contractors 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Erecting the basic structure of buildings by pouring concrete--are classified in Industry 238110, Poured 

Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors; 

 Interior marble, granite, and slate work--are classified in Industry 238340, Tile and Terrazzo Contractors; 

and 

 Laying precast stones or bricks for patios, sidewalks, and driveways; or paving residential driveways, 

commercial parking lots and other private parking areas--are classified in Industry 238990, All Other 

Specialty Trade Contractors. 

23815 Glass and Glazing Contractors 

 See industry description for 238150 below. 

238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing glass panes in prepared openings (i.e., 

glazing work) and other glass work for buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, 

alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Decorative glass and mirror installation 

Glazing contractors 

Glass cladding installation 

Stained glass installation 

Glass coating and tinting (except automotive) contractors 

Window pane or sheet installation 

Glass installation (except automotive) contractors 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Installing prefabricated window units--are classified in Industry 238350, Finish Carpentry Contractors; and 

 The replacement, repair, and/or tinting of automotive glass--are classified in U.S. Industry 811122, 

Automotive Glass Replacement Shops. 

23816 Roofing Contractors 

 See industry description for 238160 below. 

238160 Roofing Contractors 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in roofing. This industry also includes establishments 

treating roofs (i.e., spraying, painting, or coating) and installing skylights. The work performed may include new 

work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Painting, spraying, or coating, roof 

Sheet metal roofing installation 

Shake and shingle, roof, installation 
Skylight installation 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Installing roof trusses and sheathing attached to trusses--are classified in Industry 238130, Framing 

Contractors; and 

 Installing downspouts, gutters, fascia, and soffits--are classified in Industry 238170, Siding Contractors. 

23817 Siding Contractors 

 See industry description for 238170 below. 

238170 Siding Contractors 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing siding of wood, aluminum, vinyl, or other 

exterior finish material (except brick, stone, stucco, or curtain wall). This industry also includes establishments 

installing gutters and downspouts. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, 

and repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Downspout, gutter, and gutter guard installation 

Siding (e.g., vinyl, wood, aluminum) installation 

Fascia and soffit installation 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Installing brick, stone, or stucco building exterior finish materials--are classified in Industry 238140, 

Masonry Contractors; 

 Installing curtain wall--are classified in Industry 238190, Other Foundation, Structure, and Building 

Exterior Contractors; and 

 Installing sheet metal duct work--are classified in Industry 238220, Plumbing, Heating, and AirConditioning Contractors. 

23819 Other Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors 

 See industry description for 238190 below. 

238190 Other Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in building foundation and structure trades work 

(except poured concrete, structural steel, precast concrete, framing, masonry, glass, glazing, roofing, and siding). 

The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Curtain wall, metal, installation 

Forms for poured concrete, erecting, and dismantling 

Decorative steel and wrought iron work installation 

Ornamental metal work installation 

Fire escape installation 

Welding, on site, contractors 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Poured concrete foundation and structure work--are classified in Industry 238110, Poured Concrete 

Foundation and Structure Contractors; 
 Installation of structural steel or precast concrete building components--are classified in Industry 238120, 

Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors; 

 Framing buildings--are classified in Industry 238130, Framing Contractors; 

 Masonry work--are classified in Industry 238140, Masonry Contractors; 

 Glass and glazing work--are classified in Industry 238150, Glass and Glazing Contractors; 

 Installing or repairing roofs--are classified in Industry 238160, Roofing Contractors; 

 Installing siding--are classified in Industry 238170, Siding Contractors; and 

 Fireproofing buildings--are classified in Industry 238310, Drywall and Insulation Contractors. 

2382 Building Equipment ContractorsT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing or servicing equipment that forms 

part of a building mechanical system (e.g., electricity, water, heating, and cooling). The work performed may 

include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. Contractors installing specialized building 

equipment, such as elevators, escalators, service station equipment, and central vacuum cleaning systems are also 

included. 

23821 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation ContractorsT 

 See industry description for 238210 below. 

238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing and servicing electrical wiring and 

equipment. Contractors included in this industry may include both the parts and labor when performing work. 

These contractors may perform new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Airport runway lighting contractors 

Fiber optic cable (except transmission line) contractors 

Alarm system (e.g., fire, burglar), electric, installation only 

Highway, street, and bridge lighting and electrical signal installation 

Audio equipment (except automotive) installation contractors 

Home automation system installation 

Cable splicing, electrical or fiber optic 

Lighting system installation 

Cable television hookup contractors 

Telecommunications equipment and wiring (except transmission line) installation contractors 

Computer and network cable installation 

Traffic signal installation 

Environmental control system installation 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Installing and maintaining telecommunications lines by telecommunications companies--are classified in 

Subsector 517, Telecommunications; 

 Constructing power and communication transmission lines--are classified in Industry 237130, Power and 

Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; and 

 Burglar and fire alarm installation combined with sales, maintenance, or monitoring services--are classified 

in U.S. Industry 561621, Security Systems Services (except Locksmiths). 

23822 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning ContractorsT 

 See industry description for 238220 below. 

238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing and servicing plumbing, heating, and airconditioning equipment. Contractors in this industry may provide both parts and labor when performing work. The 

work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Cooling tower installation 

Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) contractors 

Duct work (e.g., cooling, dust collection, exhaust, heating, ventilation) installation 

Lawn sprinkler system installation 

Fire sprinkler system installation 

Mechanical contractors 

Fireplace, natural gas, installation 

Refrigeration system (e.g., commercial, industrial, scientific) installation 

Furnace installation 

Sewer hook-up and connection, building 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Installing electrical controls for HVAC systems--are classified in Industry 238210, Electrical Contractors 

and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; 

 Duct cleaning--are classified in Industry 561790, Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings; and 

 Installing septic tanks--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors. 

23829 Other Building Equipment ContractorsT 

 See industry description for 238290 below. 

238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing or servicing building equipment (except 

electrical, plumbing, heating, cooling, or ventilation equipment). The repair and maintenance of miscellaneous 

building equipment is included in this industry. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, 

maintenance, and repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automated and revolving door installation 

Lightning protection equipment (e.g., lightning rod) installation 

Boiler and pipe insulation installation 

Machine rigging 

Commercial-type door installation 

Millwrights 

Conveyor system installation 

Overhead door, commercial- or industrial-type, installation 

Dismantling large-scale machinery and equipment 

Revolving door installation 

Elevator installation 

Satellite dish, household-type, installation 

Escalator installation 

Vacuum cleaning system, built-in, installation 

Gasoline pump, service station, installation 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing of industrial equipment with incidental installation--are classified in Sector 31-33, 

Manufacturing; and 
 Repair and maintenance of commercial refrigeration equipment or production equipment--are classified in 

Industry 811310, Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and 

Electronic) Repair and Maintenance. 

2383 Building Finishing ContractorsT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the specialty trades needed to finish buildings. 

The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 

23831 Drywall and Insulation ContractorsT 

 See industry description for 238310 below. 

238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in drywall, plaster work, and building insulation work. 

Plaster work includes applying plain or ornamental plaster, and installation of lath to receive plaster. The work 

performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. Establishments primarily 

engaged in providing firestop services are included in this industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Acoustical ceiling tile and panel installation 

Lathing contractors 

Drop ceiling installation 

Plastering (i.e., ornamental, plain) contractors 

Drywall contractors 

Soundproofing contractors 

Firestop contractors 

Fresco (i.e., decorative plaster finishing) contractors 

Taping and finishing drywall 

Gypsum board installation 

Wall cavity and attic space insulation installation 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Applying stucco--are classified in Industry 238140, Masonry Contractors; and 

 Insulating pipes and boilers--are classified in Industry 238290, Other Building Equipment Contractors. 

23832 Painting and Wall Covering ContractorsT 

 See industry description for 238320 below. 

238320 Painting and Wall Covering Contractors

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in interior or exterior painting or interior wall covering. 

The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bridge painting 

Paperhanging or removal contractors 

House painting 

Ship painting contractors 

Paint and wallpaper stripping 

Wallpaper hanging and removal contractors 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Painting lines on highways, streets, and parking lots--are classified in Industry 237310, Highway, Street, 

and Bridge Construction; 

 Roof painting--are classified in Industry 238160, Roofing Contractors; and 

 Installing wood paneling--are classified in Industry 238350, Finish Carpentry Contractors. 

23833 Flooring ContractorsT 

 See industry description for 238330 below. 

238330 Flooring Contractors

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the installation of resilient floor tile, carpeting, 

linoleum, and hardwood flooring. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, 

and repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Carpet, installation only 

Resilient floor tile or sheet (e.g., linoleum, rubber, vinyl), installation only 

Floor laying, scraping, finishing, and refinishing 

Resurfacing hardwood flooring 

Hardwood flooring, installation only 

Vinyl flooring contractors 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Laying concrete flooring--are classified in Industry 238110, Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure 

Contractors; 

 Installing fireproof flooring--are classified in Industry 238310, Drywall and Insulation Contractors; 

 Installing stone or ceramic floor tile--are classified in Industry 238340, Tile and Terrazzo Contractors; and 

 Selling and installing carpet and other flooring products as retail establishments--are classified in Sector 

44-45, Retail Trade. 

23834 Tile and Terrazzo ContractorsT 

 See industry description for 238340 below. 

238340 Tile and Terrazzo Contractors

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in setting and installing ceramic tile, stone (interior 

only), and mosaic and/or mixing marble particles and cement to make terrazzo at the job site. The work performed 

may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Ceramic tile installation 

Mosaic work 

Mantel, marble or stone, installation 

Stone flooring installation 

Marble, granite, and slate, interior installation contractors 

Tile (except resilient) laying and setting 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Exterior marble, granite, and slate work--are classified in Industry 238140, Masonry Contractors; 

 Manufacturing precast terrazzo products--are classified in Industry 327390, Other Concrete Product 

Manufacturing; and 
 Installing, without selling resilient floor tile--are classified in Industry 238330, Flooring Contractors. 

23835 Finish Carpentry ContractorsT 

 See industry description for 238350 below. 

238350 Finish Carpentry Contractors

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in finish carpentry work. The work performed may 

include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Built-in wood cabinets constructed on site 

Molding or trim, wood or plastic, installation 

Counter top, residential-type, installation 

Paneling installation 

Door and window frame construction 

Prefabricated kitchen and bath cabinet, residential-type, installation 

Garage door, residential-type, installation 

Ship joinery contractors 

Millwork installation 

Window and door, residential-type, of any material, prefabricated, installation 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Installing skylights--are classified in Industry 238160, Roofing Contractors; 

 Framing--are classified in Industry 238130, Framing Contractors; and 

 Building custom kitchen and bath cabinets (except free standing) in a shop--are classified in Industry 

337110, Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing. 

23839 Other Building Finishing ContractorsT 

 See industry description for 238390 below. 

238390 Other Building Finishing Contractors

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in building finishing trade work (except drywall, 

plaster, and insulation work; painting and wall covering work; flooring work; tile and terrazzo work; and finish 

carpentry work). The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bath tub refinishing on site 

Fabricating metal cabinets or countertops on site 

Closet organizer system installation 

Modular furniture system attachment and installation 

Concrete coating, glazing, or sealing 

Trade show exhibit installation and dismantling 

Countertop and cabinet, metal (except residential-type), installation 

Waterproofing contractors 

Drapery fixture (e.g., hardware, rods, tracks) installation 

Window shade and blind installation 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Installing drywall, plaster, or insulation--are classified in Industry 238310, Drywall and Insulation 

Contractors; 
 Installing or removing paint or wall coverings--are classified in Industry 238320, Painting and Wall 

Covering Contractors; 

 Installing or repairing wood floors, resilient flooring, and carpet--are classified in Industry 238330, 

Flooring Contractors; 

 Setting tile or performing terrazzo work--are classified in Industry 238340, Tile and Terrazzo Contractors; 

and 

 Finish carpentry--are classified in Industry 238350, Finish Carpentry Contractors. 

2389 Other Specialty Trade ContractorsT 

23891 Site Preparation ContractorsT 

 See industry description for 238910 below. 

238910 Site Preparation Contractors

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in site preparation activities, such as excavating and 

grading, demolition of buildings and other structures, and septic system installation. Earth moving and land clearing 

for all types of sites (e.g., building, nonbuilding, mining) is included in this industry. Establishments primarily 

engaged in construction equipment rental with operator (except cranes) are also included. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Blasting, building demolition 

Foundation digging (i.e., excavation) 

Concrete breaking and cutting for demolition 

Foundation drilling contractors 

Cutting new rights of way 

Grading construction sites 

Demolition, building and structure 

Line slashing or cutting (except maintenance) 

Dewatering contractors 

Septic system contractors 

Dirt moving for construction 

Trenching (except underwater) 

Equipment rental (except crane), construction, with operator 

Underground tank (except hazardous) removal 

Excavating, earthmoving, or land clearing contractors 

Wrecking, building or other structure 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Earth retention or underwater trenching--are classified in Industry 237990, Other Heavy and Civil 

Engineering Construction; 

 Crane rental with operator--are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors; 

 Overburden removal as an activity prior to mineral removal from quarries or open pit mines--are classified 

in Sector 21, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction; 

 Drilling oil and gas field water intake wells--are classified in U.S. Industry 213111, Drilling Oil and Gas 

Wells; 

 Dismantling tanks in oil fields--are classified in U.S. Industry 213112, Support Activities for Oil and Gas 

Operations; 

 Construction equipment rental without an operator--are classified in U.S. Industry 532412, Construction, 

Mining, and Forestry Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing; 

 Tree and brush trimming for overhead utility lines--are classified in Industry 561730, Landscaping 

Services; and 

 Nuclear power plant decommissioning and environmental remediation work, such as the removal of 

underground steel tanks for hazardous materials--are classified in Industry 562910, Remediation Services. 
23899 All Other Specialty Trade ContractorsT 

 See industry description for 238990 below. 

238990 All Other Specialty Trade Contractors

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in specialized trades (except foundation, structure, and 

building exterior contractors; building equipment contractors; building finishing contractors; and site preparation 

contractors). The specialty trade work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and 

repairs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Billboard erection 

Outdoor swimming pool construction 

Cleaning building interiors during and immediately after construction 

Paver, brick (e.g., driveway, patio, sidewalk), installation 

Crane rental with operator 

Paving, residential and commercial driveway and parking lot 

Driveway paving or sealing 

Sandblasting building exteriors 

Fence installation 

Scaffold erecting and dismantling 

Interlocking brick and block installation 

Steeplejack work 

Manufactured (mobile) home, set up and tie-down 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Foundation, structure, and building exterior work--are classified in Industry Group 2381, Foundation, 

Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors; 

 Installing, repairing, or maintaining building mechanical systems--are classified in Industry Group 2382, 

Building Equipment Contractors; 

 Finishing buildings--are classified in Industry Group 2383, Building Finishing Contractors; 

 Paving public highways, streets, and roads--are classified in Industry 237310, Highway, Street, and Bridge 

Construction; 

 Construction equipment rental with an operator (except cranes) or preparing land for building construction-

-are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors; 

 Construction equipment rental without an operator--are classified in U.S. Industry 532412, Construction, 

Mining, and Forestry Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing; 

 Radon testing--are classified in Industry 541380, Testing Laboratories; 

 Power washing and other building exterior cleaning (except sandblasting)--are classified in Industry 

561790, Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings; and 

 Environmental remediation work, such as asbestos abatement--are classified in Industry 562910, 

Remediation Services. 

 
Sector 31-33—ManufacturingT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Manufacturing sector comprises establishments engaged in the mechanical, physical, or chemical 

transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products. The assembling of component parts of 

manufactured products is considered manufacturing, except in cases where the activity is appropriately classified in 

Sector 23, Construction. 

 Establishments in the Manufacturing sector are often described as plants, factories, or mills and characteristically 

use power-driven machines and materials-handling equipment. However, establishments that transform materials or 

substances into new products by hand or in the worker's home and those engaged in selling to the general public 

products made on the same premises from which they are sold, such as bakeries, candy stores, and custom tailors, 

may also be included in this sector. Manufacturing establishments may process materials or may contract with other 

establishments to process their materials for them. Both types of establishments are included in manufacturing. 

 The materials, substances, or components transformed by manufacturing establishments are raw materials that are 

products of agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, or quarrying as well as products of other manufacturing 

establishments. The materials used may be purchased directly from producers, obtained through customary trade 

channels, or secured without recourse to the market by transferring the product from one establishment to another, 

under the same ownership. 

 The new product of a manufacturing establishment may be finished in the sense that it is ready for utilization or 

consumption, or it may be semifinished to become an input for an establishment engaged in further manufacturing. 

For example, the product of the alumina refinery is the input used in the primary production of aluminum; primary 

aluminum is the input to an aluminum wire drawing plant; and aluminum wire is the input for a fabricated wire 

product manufacturing establishment. 

 The subsectors in the Manufacturing sector generally reflect distinct production processes related to material 

inputs, production equipment, and employee skills. In the machinery area, where assembling is a key activity, parts 

and accessories for manufactured products are classified in the industry of the finished manufactured item when they 

are made for separate sale. For example, a replacement refrigerator door would be classified with refrigerators and 

an attachment for a piece of metal working machinery would be classified with metal working machinery. 

However, components, input from other manufacturing establishments, are classified based on the production 

function of the component manufacturer. For example, electronic components are classified in Subsector 334, 

Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing and stampings are classified in Subsector 332, Fabricated Metal 

Product Manufacturing. 

 Manufacturing establishments often perform one or more activities that are classified outside the Manufacturing 

sector of NAICS. For instance, almost all manufacturing has some captive research and development or 

administrative operations, such as accounting, payroll, or management. These captive services are treated the same 

as captive manufacturing activities. When the services are provided by separate establishments, they are classified 

to the NAICS sector where such services are primary, not in manufacturing. 

 The boundaries of manufacturing and the other sectors of the classification system can be somewhat blurry. The 

establishments in the manufacturing sector are engaged in the transformation of materials into new products. Their 

output is a new product. However, the definition of what constitutes a new product can be somewhat subjective. As 

clarification, the following activities are considered manufacturing in NAICS: 

Milk bottling and pasteurizing; Grinding of lenses to prescription; 

Water bottling and processing; Wood preserving; 

Fresh fish packaging (oyster shucking, Electroplating, plating, metal heat 

 fish filleting); treating, and polishing for the trade; 

Apparel jobbing (assigning of materials Lapidary work for the trade; 

 to contract factories or shops for Fabricating signs and advertising displays; 

 fabrication or other contract operations) Rebuilding or remanufacturing 

 as well as contracting on materials owned by others; machinery (i.e., automotive parts); 

Printing and related activities; Ship repair and renovation; 

Ready-mixed concrete production; Machine shops; and 

Leather converting; Tire retreading. 
 Conversely, there are activities that are sometimes considered manufacturing, but which for NAICS are classified 

in another sector (i.e., not classified as manufacturing). They include: 

 1. Logging, classified in Sector 11, Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting, is considered a harvesting 

operation; 

 2. The beneficiating of ores and other minerals, classified in Sector 21, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas 

Extraction, is considered part of the activity of mining; 

 3. The construction of structures and fabricating operations performed at the site of construction by contractors, is 

classified in Sector 23, Construction; 

 4. Establishments engaged in breaking of bulk and redistribution in smaller lots, including packaging, repackaging, 

or bottling products, such as liquors or chemicals; the customized assembly of computers; sorting of scrap; mixing 

paints to customer order; and cutting metals to customer order, classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade or Sector 

44-45, Retail Trade, produce a modified version of the same product, not a new product; and 

 5. Publishing and the combined activity of publishing and printing, classified in Sector 51, Information, perform 

the transformation of information into a product whereas the value of the product to the consumer lies in the 

information content, not in the format in which it is distributed (i.e., the book or software diskette). 

311 Food ManufacturingT 

 Industries in the Food Manufacturing subsector transform livestock and agricultural products into products for 

intermediate or final consumption. The industry groups are distinguished by the raw materials (generally of animal 

or vegetable origin) processed into food products. 

 The food products manufactured in these establishments are typically sold to wholesalers or retailers for 

distribution to consumers, but establishments primarily engaged in retailing bakery and candy products made on the 

premises not for immediate consumption are included. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing beverages are classified in Subsector 312, Beverage and 

Tobacco Product Manufacturing. 

3111 Animal Food ManufacturingT 

31111 Animal Food ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing food and feed for animals from 

ingredients, such as grains, oilseed mill products, and meat products. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Slaughtering animals for feed--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and 

 Manufacturing vitamins and minerals for animals--are classified in Industry 32541, Pharmaceutical and 

Medicine Manufacturing. 

311111 Dog and Cat Food Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dog and cat food from 

ingredients, such as grains, oilseed mill products, and meat products. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing food for animals (except dog and cat)--are classified in U.S. Industry 311119, Other Animal 

Food Manufacturing; 

 Slaughtering animals for feed--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and 
 Manufacturing vitamins and minerals for dogs and cats--are classified in Industry 32541, Pharmaceutical 

and Medicine Manufacturing. 

311119 Other Animal Food Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing animal food (except dog and cat) 

from ingredients, such as grains, oilseed mill products, and meat products. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing dog and cat foods--are classified in U.S. Industry 311111, Dog and Cat Food 

Manufacturing; 

 Slaughtering animals for feed--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and 

 Manufacturing vitamins and minerals for animals--are classified in Industry 32541, Pharmaceutical and 

Medicine Manufacturing. 

3112 Grain and Oilseed MillingT 

31121 Flour Milling and Malt ManufacturingT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) milling flour or 

meal from grains or vegetables; (2) preparing flour mixes or doughs from flour milled in the same establishment; (3) 

milling, cleaning, and polishing rice; and (4) manufacturing malt from barley, rye, or other grains. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Preparing breakfast cereals from flour milled in the same establishment--are classified in Industry 31123, 

Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing; 

 Crushing soybeans or wet milling corn and vegetables--are classified in Industry 31122, Starch and 

Vegetable Fats and Oils Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing prepared flour mixes or doughs from flour ground elsewhere--are classified in Industry 

31182, Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing; 

 Brewing malt beverages--are classified in Industry 31212, Breweries; 

 Mixing purchased dried and dehydrated ingredients with purchased rice--are classified in Industry 31199, 

All Other Food Manufacturing; 

 Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with purchased rice--are classified in Industry 

31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying; and 

 Manufacturing malt extract and syrups--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing 

Manufacturing. 

311211 Flour Milling 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) milling flour or meal from grains (except 

rice) or vegetables and/or (2) milling flour and preparing flour mixes or doughs. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Preparing breakfast cereals from flour milled in the same establishment--are classified in Industry 311230, 

Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing prepared flour mixes or doughs from flour ground elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 

311824, Dry Pasta, Dough, and Flour Mixes Manufacturing from Purchased Flour; 

 Milling rice or cleaning and polishing rice--are classified in U.S. Industry 311212, Rice Milling; 

 Wet milling corn and vegetables--are classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet Corn Milling; and 

 Crushing soybean and extracting soybean oil--are classified in U.S. Industry 311224, Soybean and Other 

Oilseed Processing. 
311212 Rice Milling 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) milling rice; (2) 

cleaning and polishing rice; or (3) milling, cleaning, and polishing rice. The establishments in this industry may 

package the rice they mill with other ingredients. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with purchased rice--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing; and 

 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients with purchased rice--are classified in U.S. Industry 

311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing. 

311213 Malt Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing malt from barley, rye, or other 

grains. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Brewing malt beverages--are classified in Industry 312120, Breweries; and 

 Manufacturing malt extract and syrups--are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract 

Manufacturing. 

31122 Starch and Vegetable Fats and Oils ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) wet milling corn 

and vegetables; (2) crushing oilseeds and tree nuts; (3) refining and/or blending vegetable oils; (4) manufacturing 

shortening and margarine; and (5) blending purchased animal fats with vegetable fats. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing table syrups from corn syrup and starch base dessert powders--are classified in Industry 

31199, All Other Food Manufacturing; 

 Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in Industry 11199, All Other Crop Farming; 

 Milling flour or meal from grains and vegetables--are classified in Industry 31121, Flour Milling and Malt 

Manufacturing; 

 Wet milling corn to produce nonpotable ethyl alcohol--are classified in Industry 32519, Other Basic 

Organic Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Rendering or refining animal fats and oils--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and 

Processing; and 

 Manufacturing laundry starches--are classified in Industry 32561, Soap and Cleaning Compound 

Manufacturing. 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in wet milling corn and other vegetables (except to 

make ethyl alcohol). Examples of products made in these establishments are corn sweeteners, such as glucose, 

dextrose, and fructose; corn oil; and starches (except laundry). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Refining and/or blending corn oil from purchased oils--are classified in U.S. Industry 311225, Fats and Oils 

Refining and Blending; 
 Manufacturing sweetening syrups from corn syrup and starch base dessert powders--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; 

 Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop 

Farming; 

 Milling (except wet milling) corn--are classified in U.S. Industry 311211, Flour Milling; 

 Wet milling corn to produce nonpotable ethyl alcohol--are classified in U.S. Industry 325193, Ethyl 

Alcohol Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing laundry starches--are classified in U.S. Industry 325612, Polish and Other Sanitation Good 

Manufacturing. 

311224 Soybean and Other Oilseed Processing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in crushing oilseeds and tree nuts, such as 

soybeans, cottonseeds, linseeds, peanuts, and sunflower seeds. Examples of products produced in these 

establishments are oilseed oils, cakes, meals, and protein isolates and concentrates. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Wet milling corn and other vegetables--are classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet Corn Milling; and 

 Refining and/or blending vegetable, oilseed, and tree nut oils from purchased oils--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 311225, Fats and Oils Refining and Blending. 

311225 Fats and Oils Refining and Blending 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

shortening and margarine from purchased fats and oils; (2) refining and/or blending vegetable, oilseed, and tree nut 

oils from purchased oils; and (3) blending purchased animal fats with purchased vegetable fats. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Refining and/or blending corn oil made by wet corn milling--are classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet 

Corn Milling; 

 Refining and/or blending oilseeds and tree nuts in crushing mills--are classified in U.S. Industry 311224, 

Soybean and Other Oilseed Processing; and 

 Rendering or refining animal fats and oils--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and 

Processing. 

31123 Breakfast Cereal ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 311230 below. 

311230 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing breakfast cereal foods. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing nonchocolate-coated granola bars and other types of breakfast bars--are classified in 

Industry 311340, Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing chocolate-coated granola bars from purchased chocolate--are classified in U.S. Industry 

311352, Confectionery Manufacturing from Purchased Chocolate; 

 Manufacturing chocolate-coated granola bars from cacao beans--are classified in U.S. Industry 311351, 

Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing from Cacao Beans; and 

 Manufacturing coffee substitutes from grain--are classified in Industry 311920, Coffee and Tea 

Manufacturing. 
3113 Sugar and Confectionery Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry group comprises (1) establishments that process agricultural inputs, such as sugarcane, beet, and 

cacao, to give rise to a new product (sugar or chocolate), and (2) those that begin with sugar and chocolate and 

process these further. 

31131 Sugar ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing raw sugar, liquid sugar, and refined 

sugar from sugarcane, raw cane sugar and sugar beets. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing corn sweeteners by wet milling corn--are classified in Industry 31122, Starch and Vegetable 

Fats and Oils Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing table syrups from corn syrup and starch base dessert powders--are classified in Industry 

31199, All Other Food Manufacturing; 

 Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in Industry 11199, All Other Crop Farming; and 

 Manufacturing synthetic sweeteners (i.e., sweetening agents), such as saccharin and sugar substitutes (i.e., 

synthetic sweetener blended with other ingredients)--are classified in Subsector 325, Chemical 

Manufacturing. 

311313 Beet Sugar Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing refined beet sugar from sugar 

beets. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing raw cane sugar and/or refined cane sugar--are classified in U.S. Industry 311314, Cane 

Sugar Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing corn sweeteners by wet milling corn--are classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet Corn 

Milling; 

 Manufacturing table syrups from corn syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other 

Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; 

 Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop 

Farming; and 

 Manufacturing synthetic sweeteners (i.e., sweetening agents), such as saccharin and sugar substitutes (i.e., 

synthetic sweetener blended with other ingredients)--are classified in Subsector 325, Chemical 

Manufacturing. 

311314 Cane Sugar Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) processing sugarcane and/or (2) refining 

cane sugar from raw cane sugar. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing beet sugar--are classified in U.S. Industry 311313, Beet Sugar Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing corn sweeteners by wet milling corn--are classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet Corn 

Milling; 

 Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop 

Farming; 

 Manufacturing table syrups from corn syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other 

Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; and 
 Manufacturing synthetic sweeteners (i.e., sweetening agents), such as saccharin and sugar substitutes (i.e., 

synthetic sweetener blended with other ingredients)--are classified in Subsector 325, Chemical 

Manufacturing. 

31134 Nonchocolate Confectionery ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 311340 below. 

 

311340 Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonchocolate confectioneries. 

Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in retailing nonchocolate confectionery products not 

for immediate consumption made on the premises. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing chocolate confectioneries from cacao beans--are classified in U.S. Industry 311351, 

Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing from Cacao Beans; 

 Manufacturing chocolate confectioneries from chocolate made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 

311352, Confectionery Manufacturing from Purchased Chocolate; 

 Retailing confectioneries not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 

445292, Confectionery and Nut Stores; 

 Preparing and selling confectioneries for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, 

Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; and 

 Roasting, salting, drying, cooking, or canning nuts and seeds--are classified in U.S. Industry 311911, 

Roasted Nuts and Peanut Butter Manufacturing. 

31135 Chocolate and Confectionery ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing chocolate and chocolate 

confectioneries from cacao beans, or (2) manufacturing chocolate confectioneries from chocolate produced 

elsewhere. Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in retailing chocolate confectionery 

products not for immediate consumption made on the premises from chocolate made elsewhere. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing, not for immediate consumption, nonchocolate confectioneries--are classified in Industry 

31134, Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing; 

 Retailing confectioneries not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 44529, 

Other Specialty Food Stores; and 

 Preparing and selling confectioneries for immediate consumption--are classified in Industry 72251, 

Restaurants and Other Eating Places. 

311351 Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing from Cacao Beans 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in shelling, roasting, and grinding cacao beans and 

making chocolate cacao products and chocolate confectioneries. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing, not for immediate consumption, chocolate confectioneries from chocolate made elsewhere-

-are classified in U.S. Industry 311352, Confectionery Manufacturing from Purchased Chocolate; 

 Manufacturing, not for immediate consumption, nonchocolate candies--are classified in Industry 311340, 

Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing; 

 Preparing and selling confectioneries for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, 

Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; and 
 Retailing confectioneries not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 

445292, Confectionery and Nut Stores. 

311352 Confectionery Manufacturing from Purchased Chocolate 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing chocolate confectioneries from 

chocolate produced elsewhere. Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in retailing chocolate 

confectionery products not for immediate consumption made on the premises from chocolate made elsewhere. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing chocolate confectioneries from cacao beans--are classified in U.S. Industry 311351, 

Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing from Cacao Beans; 

 Manufacturing, not for immediate consumption, nonchocolate confectioneries--are classified in Industry 

311340, Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing; 

 Retailing confectioneries not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 

445292, Confectionery and Nut Stores; and 

 Preparing and selling confectioneries for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, 

Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars. 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food ManufacturingT 

 This industry group includes (1) establishments that freeze food and (2) those that use preservation processes, such 

as pickling, canning, and dehydrating. Both types begin their production process with inputs of vegetable or animal 

origin. 

31141 Frozen Food ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen fruit, frozen juices, frozen 

vegetables, and frozen specialty foods (except seafood), such as frozen dinners, entrees, and side dishes; frozen 

pizza; frozen whipped toppings; and frozen waffles, pancakes, and french toast. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing frozen dairy specialties--are classified in Industry 31152, Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing frozen bakery products--are classified in Industry 31181, Bread and Bakery Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing frozen seafood products--are classified in Industry 31171, Seafood Product Preparation and 

Packaging; and 

 Manufacturing frozen meat products--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and 

Processing. 

311411 Frozen Fruit, Juice, and Vegetable Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen fruits; frozen vegetables; 

and frozen fruit juices, ades, drinks, cocktail mixes and concentrates. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen specialty foods are classified in U.S. Industry 311412, 

Frozen Specialty Food Manufacturing. 

311412 Frozen Specialty Food Manufacturing 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen specialty foods (except 

seafood), such as frozen dinners, entrees, and side dishes; frozen pizza; frozen whipped topping; and frozen waffles, 

pancakes, and french toast. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing frozen dairy specialties--are classified in Industry 311520, Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing frozen bakery products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311813, Frozen Cakes, Pies, and 

Other Pastries Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing frozen fruits, frozen fruit juices, and frozen vegetables--are classified in U.S. Industry 

311411, Frozen Fruit, Juice, and Vegetable Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing frozen meat products--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and 

Processing; and 

 Manufacturing frozen seafood products--are classified in Industry 311710, Seafood Product Preparation 

and Packaging. 

31142 Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and DryingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing canned, pickled, and dried fruits, 

vegetables, and specialty foods. Establishments in this industry may package the dried or dehydrated ingredients 

they make with other purchased ingredients. Examples of products made by these establishments are canned juices; 

canned baby foods; canned soups (except seafood); canned dry beans; canned tomato-based sauces, such as catsup, 

salsa, chili, spaghetti, barbeque, and tomato paste, pickles, relishes, jams and jellies, dried soup mixes and bullions, 

and sauerkraut. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing canned dairy products--are classified in Industry 31151, Dairy Product (except Frozen) 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing canned seafood soups and seafood products--are classified in Industry 31171, Seafood 

Product Preparation and Packaging; 

 Manufacturing canned meat products--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and 

Processing; 

 Milling rice and packaging it with other ingredients or manufacturing vegetable flours and meals--are 

classified in Industry 31121, Flour Milling and Malt Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing dry pasta and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in Industry 31182, Cookie, 

Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing; 

 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated potatoes, rice, and pasta and packaging them with other 

purchased ingredients; mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients for soup mixes and bouillon; 

and manufacturing canned puddings--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing dry salad dressing and dry sauce mixes--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and 

Dressing Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing canned fruit and vegetable drinks, cocktails, and ades--are classified in Industry 31211, Soft 

Drink and Ice Manufacturing. 

311421 Fruit and Vegetable Canning 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing canned, pickled, and brined 

fruits and vegetables. Examples of products made in these establishments are canned juices; canned jams and 

jellies; canned tomato-based sauces, such as catsup, salsa, chili, spaghetti, barbeque, and tomato paste; pickles, 

relishes, and sauerkraut. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing canned baby foods, canned soups (except seafood), and canned specialty foods (except 

seafood)--are classified in U.S. Industry 311422, Specialty Canning; 

 Manufacturing canned seafood soups and canned seafood products--are classified in Industry 311710, 

Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging; 

 Manufacturing canned meat products--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and 

Processing; and 

 Manufacturing canned fruit and vegetable drinks, cocktails, and ades--are classified in U.S. Industry 

312111, Soft Drink Manufacturing. 

311422 Specialty Canning 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing canned specialty foods. 

Examples of products made in these establishments are canned baby food, canned baked beans, canned soups 

(except seafood), canned spaghetti, and other canned nationality foods. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing canned dairy products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311514, Dry, Condensed, and 

Evaporated Dairy Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing canned fruits, canned vegetables, and canned juices--are classified in U.S. Industry 311421, 

Fruit and Vegetable Canning; 

 Manufacturing canned seafood soups and canned seafood products--are classified in Industry 311710, 

Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging; 

 Manufacturing canned meat products--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and 

Processing; and 

 Manufacturing canned puddings--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food 

Manufacturing. 

311423 Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) drying (including freeze-dried) and/or 

dehydrating fruits, vegetables, and soup mixes and bouillon and/or (2) drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and 

packaging them with other purchased ingredients, such as rice and dry pasta. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Milling rice and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in U.S. Industry 311212, Rice Milling; 

 Manufacturing dry pasta and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in U.S. Industry 311824, 

Dry Pasta, Dough, and Flour Mixes Manufacturing from Purchased Flour; 

 Manufacturing vegetable flours and meals--are classified in U.S. Industry 311211, Flour Milling; 

 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated potatoes, rice, and dry pasta, and packaging them with other 

purchased ingredients, and mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients for soup mixes and 

bouillon--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing dry salad dressing and dry sauce mixes--are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and 

Extract Manufacturing. 

3115 Dairy Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments that manufacture dairy products from raw milk, processed milk, and 

dairy substitutes. 

31151 Dairy Product (except Frozen) ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

dairy products (except frozen) from raw milk and/or processed milk products; (2) manufacturing dairy substitutes 
(except frozen) from soybeans and other nondairy substances; and (3) manufacturing dry, condensed, concentrated, 

and evaporated dairy and dairy substitute products. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing cheese-based salad dressings--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing margarine or margarine-butter blends--are classified in Industry 31122, Starch and 

Vegetable Fats and Oils Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing frozen whipped toppings--are classified in Industry 31141, Frozen Food Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing ice cream, frozen yogurt, and other frozen dairy desserts--are classified in Industry 31152, 

Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing. 

311511 Fluid Milk Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing processed milk products, 

such as pasteurized milk or cream and sour cream and/or (2) manufacturing fluid milk dairy substitutes from 

soybeans and other nondairy substances. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing dry mix whipped toppings, canned milk, and ultra high temperature milk--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 311514, Dry, Condensed, and Evaporated Dairy Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing frozen whipped toppings--are classified in U.S. Industry 311412, Frozen Specialty Food 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing ice cream and frozen yogurt and other frozen desserts--are classified in Industry 311520, Ice 

Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing. 

311512 Creamery Butter Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing creamery butter from milk 

and/or processed milk products. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing margarine or margarine-butter blends are classified in U.S. 

Industry 311225, Fats and Oils Refining and Blending. 

311513 Cheese Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing cheese products (except 

cottage cheese) from raw milk and/or processed milk products and/or (2) manufacturing cheese substitutes from 

soybean and other nondairy substances. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing cheese-based salad dressings--are classified in U.S. Industry 311941, Mayonnaise, 

Dressing, and Other Prepared Sauce Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing cottage cheese--are classified in U.S. Industry 311511, Fluid Milk Manufacturing. 

311514 Dry, Condensed, and Evaporated Dairy Product Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dry, condensed, and evaporated 

milk and dairy substitute products. 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing fluid milk products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311511, Fluid Milk Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing creamery butter--are classified in U.S. Industry 311512, Creamery Butter Manufacturing; 

and 

 Manufacturing cheese products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311513, Cheese Manufacturing. 

31152 Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 311520 below. 

311520 Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing ice cream, frozen yogurts, frozen ices, 

sherbets, frozen tofu, and other frozen desserts (except bakery products). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing frozen bakery products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311813, Frozen Cakes, Pies, and 

Other Pastries Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing ice cream and ice milk mixes--are classified in U.S. Industry 311514, Dry, Condensed, and 

Evaporated Dairy Product Manufacturing. 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and ProcessingT 

 

31161 Animal Slaughtering and ProcessingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) slaughtering 

animals; (2) preparing processed meats and meat byproducts; and (3) rendering and/or refining animal fat, bones, 

and meat scraps. This industry includes establishments primarily engaged in assembly cutting and packing of meats 

(i.e., boxed meats) from purchased carcasses. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing canned meat for baby food--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, 

Pickling, and Drying; 

 Manufacturing meat-based animal feeds from carcasses--are classified in Industry 31111, Animal Food 

Manufacturing; 

 Blending purchased animal fats with vegetable fats--are classified in Industry 31122, Starch and Vegetable 

Fats and Oils Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing canned and frozen specialty foods containing meat, such as nationality foods (e.g., 

enchiladas, pizza, egg rolls) and frozen dinners--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable 

Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing; 

 Drying, freezing, or breaking eggs--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing; and 

 Cutting meat (except boxed meat)--are classified in Industry 42447, Meat and Meat Product Merchant 

Wholesalers. 

311611 Animal (except Poultry) Slaughtering 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in slaughtering animals (except poultry and small 

game). Establishments that slaughter and prepare meats are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Processing meat and meat byproducts (except poultry and small game) from purchased meats--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 311612, Meat Processed from Carcasses; 
 Slaughtering and/or processing poultry and small game--are classified in U.S. Industry 311615, Poultry 

Processing; 

 Rendering lard and other animal fats and oils, animal fat, bones, and meat scraps--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 311613, Rendering and Meat Byproduct Processing; and 

 Manufacturing canned and frozen specialty foods containing meat, such as nationality foods (e.g., 

enchiladas, egg rolls, pizza) and frozen dinners--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable 

Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing. 

311612 Meat Processed from Carcasses 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in processing or preserving meat and meat 

byproducts (except poultry and small game) from purchased meats. This industry includes establishments primarily 

engaged in assembly cutting and packing of meats (i.e., boxed meats) from purchased meats. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Slaughtering animals (except poultry and small game)--are classified in U.S. Industry 311611, Animal 

(except Poultry) Slaughtering; 

 Slaughtering poultry and small game--are classified in U.S. Industry 311615, Poultry Processing; 

 Rendering animal fat, bones, and meat scraps--are classified in U.S. Industry 311613, Rendering and Meat 

Byproduct Processing; 

 Manufacturing canned meats for baby food--are classified in U.S. Industry 311422, Specialty Canning; 

 Manufacturing meat-based animal feeds from carcasses--are classified in Industry 31111, Animal Food 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing canned and frozen specialty foods containing meat, such as nationality foods (e.g., 

enchiladas, egg rolls, pizza) and frozen dinners--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable 

Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing; and 

 Cutting meat (except boxed meat)--are classified in Industry 424470, Meat and Meat Product Merchant 

Wholesalers. 

311613 Rendering and Meat Byproduct Processing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in rendering animal fat, bones, and meat scraps. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in blending purchased animal fats with vegetable fats are classified in U.S. 

Industry 311225, Fats and Oils Refining and Blending. 

311615 Poultry Processing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) slaughtering poultry and small game and/or 

(2) preparing processed poultry and small game meat and meat byproducts. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Slaughtering animals (except poultry and small game) and/or preparing meats--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 311611, Animal (except Poultry) Slaughtering; 

 Preparing meat and meat byproducts (except poultry and small game) from purchased meats--are classified 

in U.S. Industry 311612, Meat Processed from Carcasses; 

 Rendering animal fat, bones, and meat scraps--are classified in U.S. Industry 311613, Rendering and Meat 

Byproduct Processing; 

 Canning poultry and small game for baby food--are classified in U.S. Industry 311422, Specialty Canning; 

 Producing meat-based animal feeds from carcasses--are classified in Industry 31111, Animal Food 

Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing canned and frozen meat products, such as nationality foods (e.g., enchiladas, egg rolls, 

pizza) and frozen dinners--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and 

Specialty Food Manufacturing; and 

 Drying, freezing, and breaking eggs--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food 

Manufacturing. 

3117 Seafood Product Preparation and PackagingT 

31171 Seafood Product Preparation and PackagingT 

 See industry description for 311710 below. 

311710 Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) canning seafood 

(including soup); (2) smoking, salting, and drying seafood; (3) eviscerating fresh fish by removing heads, fins, 

scales, bones, and entrails; (4) shucking and packing fresh shellfish; (5) processing marine fats and oils; and (6) 

freezing seafood. Establishments known as "floating factory ships" that are engaged in the gathering and processing 

of seafood into canned seafood products are included in this industry. 

3118 Bakeries and Tortilla ManufacturingT 

31181 Bread and Bakery Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fresh and frozen bread and other 

bakery products. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing cookies and crackers--are classified in Industry 31182, Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta 

Manufacturing; 

 Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in 

Industry 72251, Restaurants and Other Eating Places; 

 Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 

44529, Other Specialty Food Stores; and 

 Manufacturing pretzels (except soft)--are classified in Industry 31191, Snack Food Manufacturing. 

311811 Retail Bakeries 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing bread and other bakery products not for 

immediate consumption made on the premises from flour, not from prepared dough. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 

445291, Baked Goods Stores; 

 Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; 

 Manufacturing fresh or frozen breads and other fresh bakery (except cookies and crackers) products--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 311812, Commercial Bakeries; and 

 Manufacturing cookies and crackers--are classified in U.S. Industry 311821, Cookie and Cracker 

Manufacturing. 

311812 Commercial Bakeries 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fresh and frozen bread and 

bread-type rolls and other fresh bakery (except cookies and crackers) products. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing bread and other bakery products not for immediate consumption made on the premises from 

flour, not from prepared dough--are classified in U.S. Industry 311811, Retail Bakeries; 

 Manufacturing frozen bakery products (except bread)--are classified in U.S. Industry 311813, Frozen 

Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing; 

 Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; 

 Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 

445291, Baked Goods Stores; 

 Manufacturing cookies and crackers--are classified in U.S. Industry 311821, Cookie and Cracker 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing pretzels (except soft)--are classified in U.S. Industry 311919, Other Snack Food 

Manufacturing. 

311813 Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen bakery products (except 

bread), such as cakes, pies, and doughnuts. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing frozen breads--are classified in U.S. Industry 311812, Commercial Bakeries; 

 Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made on the premises from flour, not from 

prepared dough--are classified in U.S. Industry 311811, Retail Bakeries; 

 Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; 

 Manufacturing cookies and crackers--are classified in U.S. Industry 311821, Cookie and Cracker 

Manufacturing; and 

 Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 

445291, Baked Goods Stores. 

31182 Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) manufacturing cookies and 

crackers; (2) preparing flour and dough mixes and dough from flour ground elsewhere; and (3) manufacturing dry 

pasta. The establishments in this industry may package the dry pasta they manufacture with other ingredients. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in 

Industry 72251, Restaurants and Other Eating Places; 

 Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 

44529, Other Specialty Food Stores; 

 Manufacturing bakery products (e.g., bread, cookies, pies)--are classified in Industry 31181, Bread and 

Bakery Product Manufacturing; 

 Milling flour and preparing flour mixes or doughs--are classified in Industry 31121, Flour Milling and Malt 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing canned pasta specialties--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, 

Pickling, and Drying; 

 Manufacturing fresh pasta--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing pretzels (except soft)--are classified in Industry 31191, Snack Food Manufacturing; 
 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients with purchased dry pasta--are classified in Industry 

31199, All Other Food Manufacturing; and 

 Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with purchased dry pasta--are classified in 

Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying. 

311821 Cookie and Cracker Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing cookies, crackers, and other 

products, such as ice cream cones. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; 

 Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 

445291, Baked Goods Stores; 

 Manufacturing bakery products (e.g., breads, cookies, pies)--are classified in Industry 31181, Bread and 

Bakery Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing pretzels (except soft)--are classified in U.S. Industry 311919, Other Snack Food 

Manufacturing. 

311824 Dry Pasta, Dough, and Flour Mixes Manufacturing from Purchased Flour 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing dry pasta and/or (2) 

manufacturing prepared flour mixes or dough from flour ground elsewhere. The establishments in this industry may 

package the dry pasta they manufacture with other ingredients. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Milling flour and preparing flour mixes or doughs--are classified in U.S. Industry 311211, Flour Milling; 

 Manufacturing fresh pasta--are classified in U.S. Industry 311991, Perishable Prepared Food 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing pasta specialties--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and 

Specialty Food Manufacturing; 

 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients with purchased dry pasta--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; and 

 Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients packaged with purchased dry pasta--are classified in U.S. Industry 

311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing. 

31183 Tortilla ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 311830 below. 

311830 Tortilla Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing tortillas. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing canned nationality foods using tortillas--are classified in U.S. Industry 311422, Specialty 

Canning; 

 Manufacturing frozen nationality foods using tortillas--are classified in U.S. Industry 311412, Frozen 

Specialty Food Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing tortilla chips--are classified in U.S. Industry 311919, Other Snack Food Manufacturing. 
3119 Other Food ManufacturingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing food (except animal food; grain 

and oilseed milling; sugar and confectionery products; preserved fruit, vegetable, and specialty foods; dairy 

products; meat products; seafood products; and bakeries and tortillas). The industry group includes industries with 

different production processes, such as snack food manufacturing; coffee and tea manufacturing; concentrate, syrup, 

condiment, and spice manufacturing; and, in general, an entire range of other miscellaneous food product 

manufacturing. 

31191 Snack Food ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) salting, roasting, 

drying, cooking, or canning nuts; (2) processing grains or seeds into snacks; (3) manufacturing peanut butter; and (4) 

manufacturing potato chips, corn chips, popped popcorn, pretzels (except soft), pork rinds, and similar snacks. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing crackers--are classified in Industry 31182, Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing unpopped popcorn--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing chocolate or candy-coated nuts and candy-covered popcorn--are classified in Industry 

Group 3113, Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing soft pretzels--are classified in Industry 31181, Bread and Bakery Product Manufacturing. 

311911 Roasted Nuts and Peanut Butter Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) salting, 

roasting, drying, cooking, or canning nuts; (2) processing grains or seeds into snacks; and (3) manufacturing peanut 

butter. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing chocolate or candy-coated nuts and candy-covered popcorn 

are classified in Industry Group 3113, Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing. 

311919 Other Snack Food Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing snack foods (except roasted nuts 

and peanut butter). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Corn chips and related corn snacks manufacturing 

Popped popcorn (except candy-covered) manufacturing 

Pork rinds manufacturing 

Potato chips manufacturing 

Pretzels (except soft) manufacturing 

Tortilla chips manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing cookies and crackers--are classified in U.S. Industry 311821, Cookie and Cracker 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing candy covered popcorn and nonchocolate granola bars--are classified in Industry 311340, 

Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing; 
 Salting, roasting, drying, cooking, or canning nuts and seeds--are classified in U.S. Industry 311911, 

Roasted Nuts and Peanut Butter Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing unpopped popcorn--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing soft pretzels--are classified in U.S. Industry 311812, Commercial Bakeries. 

31192 Coffee and Tea ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 311920 below. 

311920 Coffee and Tea Manufacturing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) roasting coffee; (2) 

manufacturing coffee and tea concentrates (including instant and freeze-dried); (3) blending tea; (4) manufacturing 

herbal tea; and (5) manufacturing coffee extracts, flavorings, and syrups. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in bottling and canning iced tea are classified in U.S. Industry 312111, Soft 

Drink Manufacturing. 

31193 Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 311930 below. 

311930 Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing flavoring syrup drink concentrates 

and related products for soda fountain use or for the manufacture of soft drinks. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing chocolate syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 311351, Chocolate and Confectionery 

Manufacturing from Cacao Beans; 

 Manufacturing flavoring extracts (except coffee and meat) and natural food colorings--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 311942, Spice and Extract Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing coffee extracts--are classified in Industry 311920, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing meat extracts--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; 

 Manufacturing powdered drink mixes (except coffee, tea, chocolate, or milk-based) and table syrup from 

corn syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; 

 Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop 

Farming; and 

 Manufacturing natural nonfood colorings--are classified in U.S. Industry 325199, All Other Basic Organic 

Chemical Manufacturing. 

31194 Seasoning and Dressing ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

dressings and sauces, such as mayonnaise, salad dressing, vinegar, mustard, horseradish, soy sauce, tarter sauce, 

Worcestershire sauce, and other prepared sauces (except tomato-based and gravies); (2) manufacturing spices, table 

salt, seasoning, and flavoring extracts (except coffee and meat), and natural food colorings; and (3) manufacturing 

dry mix food preparations, such as salad dressing mixes, gravy and sauce mixes, frosting mixes, and other dry mix 

preparations. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing catsup and other tomato-based sauces--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable 

Canning, Pickling, and Drying; 

 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated potato, rice, and pasta and packaging them with other purchased 

ingredients, and manufacturing prepared frosting--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food 

Manufacturing; 

 Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients for dry soup mixes and bouillon--are classified in Industry 31142, 

Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying; 

 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients for dry soup mixes and bouillon--are classified in 

Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing industrial salts--are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and 

Preparation Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing flavoring syrups (except coffee-based syrups)--are classified in Industry 31193, Flavoring 

Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing synthetic food colorings--are classified in Industry 32513, Synthetic Dye and Pigment 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing natural organic colorings for nonfood uses--are classified in Industry 32519, Other Basic 

Organic Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing coffee extracts--are classified in Industry 31192, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing meat extracts--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and 

 Manufacturing gravies--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing. 

311941 Mayonnaise, Dressing, and Other Prepared Sauce Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing mayonnaise, salad dressing, 

vinegar, mustard, horseradish, soy sauce, tarter sauce, Worcestershire sauce, and other prepared sauces (except 

tomato-based and gravy). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing catsup and similar tomato-based sauces--are classified in U.S. Industry 311421, Fruit and 

Vegetable Canning; 

 Manufacturing dry salad dressing and dry sauce mixes--are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and 

Extract Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing gravies--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food 

Manufacturing. 

311942 Spice and Extract Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing spices, table salt, seasonings, 

flavoring extracts (except coffee and meat), and natural food colorings and/or (2) manufacturing dry mix food 

preparations, such as salad dressing mixes, gravy and sauce mixes, frosting mixes, and other dry mix preparations. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing catsup and other tomato-based sauces--are classified in U.S. Industry 311421, Fruit and 

Vegetable Canning; 

 Manufacturing mayonnaise, dressings, and prepared nontomato-based sauces--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 311941, Mayonnaise, Dressing, and Other Prepared Sauce Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing industrial salts--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical 

Product and Preparation Manufacturing; 

 Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients for dry soup mixes and bouillon--are classified in U.S. Industry 

311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing; 

 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients for dry soup mixes and bouillon--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing flavoring syrups (except coffee-based syrups)--are classified in Industry 311930, Flavoring 

Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing; 

 Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated potato, rice, and pasta and packaging them with other purchased 

ingredients, and manufacturing prepared frosting--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other 

Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing coffee extracts and/or coffee-based syrups--are classified in Industry 311920, Coffee and 

Tea Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing meat extracts--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; 

 Manufacturing synthetic food colorings--are classified in Industry 325130, Synthetic Dye and Pigment 

 Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing natural organic colorings for nonfood uses--are classified in U.S. Industry 325199, All 

Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing. 

31199 All Other Food ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing food (except animal food; grain and 

oilseed milling; sugar and confectionery products; preserved fruits, vegetables, and specialties; dairy products; meat 

products; seafood products; bakeries and tortillas; snack foods; coffee and tea; flavoring syrups and concentrates; 

seasonings; and dressings). Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in mixing purchased 

dried and/or dehydrated ingredients including those mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients for soup 

mixes and bouillon. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Baking powder manufacturing 

Cut or peeled fresh vegetables manufacturing 

Dessert puddings manufacturing 

Egg substitutes manufacturing 

Fresh pasta manufacturing 

Fresh pizza manufacturing 

Honey processing 

Popcorn (except popped) manufacturing 

Powdered drink mixes (except chocolate, coffee, tea, or milk based) manufacturing 

Sweetening syrups (except pure maple) manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing animal foods--are classified in Industry Group 3111, Animal Food Manufacturing; 

 Milling grain and oilseed--are classified in Industry Group 3112, Grain and Oilseed Milling; 

 Manufacturing sugar and confectionery products--are classified in Industry Group 3113, Sugar and 

Confectionery Product Manufacturing; 

 Preserving fruit, vegetables, and specialty foods--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and 

Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing dairy products--are classified in Industry Group 3115, Dairy Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing meat products--are classified in Industry Group 3116, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; 

 Manufacturing seafood products--are classified in Industry Group 3117, Seafood Product Preparation and 

Packaging; 

 Manufacturing bakery and tortilla products--are classified in Industry Group 3118, Bakeries and Tortilla 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing snack foods--are classified in Industry 31191, Snack Food Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing coffee and tea--are classified in Industry 31192, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing flavoring syrups and concentrates (except coffee-based)--are classified in Industry 31193, 

Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing seasonings and dressings--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing 

Manufacturing; 
 Milling rice and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in Industry 31121, Flour Milling and 

Malt Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing dry pasta and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in Industry 31182, Cookie, 

Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing; and 

 Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with other purchased ingredients--are classified 

in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying. 

311991 Perishable Prepared Food Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing perishable prepared foods, such 

as salads, sandwiches, prepared meals, fresh pizza, fresh pasta, and peeled or cut vegetables. 

311999 All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing food (except animal food; grain 

and oilseed milling; sugar and confectionery products; preserved fruits, vegetables, and specialties; dairy products; 

meat products; seafood products; bakeries and tortillas; snack foods; coffee and tea; flavoring syrups and 

concentrates; seasonings and dressings; and perishable prepared food). Included in this industry are establishments 

primarily engaged in mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients including those mixing purchased dried 

and/or dehydrated ingredients for soup mixes and bouillon. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Baking powder manufacturing 

Cake frosting, prepared, manufacturing 

Dessert puddings manufacturing 

Egg substitutes manufacturing 

Gelatin dessert preparations manufacturing 

Popcorn (except popped) manufacturing 

Honey processing 

Powdered drink mixes (except chocolate, coffee, tea, or milk based) manufacturing 

Sweetening syrups (except pure maple) manufacturing 

Yeast manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing animal foods--are classified in Industry Group 3111, Animal Food Manufacturing; 

 Milling grain and oilseed--are classified in Industry Group 3112, Grain and Oilseed Milling; 

 Manufacturing sugar and confectionery products--are classified in Industry Group 3113, Sugar and 

Confectionery Product Manufacturing; 

 Preserving fruit, vegetable, and specialty foods--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable 

Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing dairy products--are classified in Industry Group 3115, Dairy Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing meat products--are classified in Industry Group 3116, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; 

 Manufacturing seafood products--are classified in Industry Group 3117, Seafood Product Preparation and 

Packaging; 

 Manufacturing bakery and tortilla products--are classified in Industry Group 3118, Bakeries and Tortilla 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing snack foods--are classified in Industry 31191, Snack Food Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing coffee and tea--are classified in Industry 31192, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing flavoring syrups and concentrates (except coffee-based)--are classified in Industry 31193, 

Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing seasonings and dressings--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing 

Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing perishable prepared foods--are classified in U.S. Industry 311991, Perishable Prepared Food 

Manufacturing; 

 Milling rice and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in U.S. Industry 311212, Rice Milling; 

 Manufacturing dry pasta and packaging it with ingredients--are classified in U.S. Industry 311824, Dry 

Pasta, Dough, and Flour Mixes Manufacturing from Purchased Flour; and 

 Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with other purchased ingredients--are classified 

in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing. 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Product ManufacturingT 

 Industries in the Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing subsector manufacture beverages and tobacco 

products. The industry group, Beverage Manufacturing, includes three types of establishments: (1) those that 

manufacture nonalcoholic beverages; (2) those that manufacture alcoholic beverages through the fermentation 

process; and (3) those that produce distilled alcoholic beverages. Ice manufacturing, while not a beverage, is 

included with nonalcoholic beverage manufacturing because it uses the same production process as water 

purification. 

 In the case of activities related to the manufacture of beverages, the structure follows the defined production 

processes. Brandy, a distilled beverage, was not placed under distillery product manufacturing, but rather under the 

NAICS class for winery product manufacturing since the production process used in the manufacturing of alcoholic 

grape-based beverages produces both wines (fermented beverage) and brandies (distilled beverage). 

 The industry group, Tobacco Manufacturing, includes two types of establishments: (1) those engaged in redrying 

and stemming tobacco and, (2) those that manufacture tobacco products, such as cigarettes and cigars. 

3121 Beverage ManufacturingT 

31211 Soft Drink and Ice ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing soft 

drinks; (2) manufacturing ice; and (3) purifying and bottling water. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Canning fruit and vegetable juices--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, 

and Drying; 

 Manufacturing soft drink bases--are classified in Industry 31193, Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing nonalcoholic cider--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing dry ice--are classified in Industry 32512, Industrial Gas Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing milk-based drinks--are classified in Industry 31151, Dairy Product (except Frozen) 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing nonalcoholic beers--are classified in Industry 31212, Breweries; 

 Manufacturing nonalcoholic wines--are classified in Industry 31213, Wineries; and 

 Bottling purchased purified water--are classified in Industry 42449, Other Grocery and Related Products 

Merchant Wholesalers. 

312111 Soft Drink Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing soft drinks and artificially 

carbonated waters. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Canning fruit and vegetable juices--are classified in U.S. Industry 311421, Fruit and Vegetable Canning; 
 Manufacturing fruit syrups for flavoring--are classified in Industry 311930, Flavoring Syrup and 

Concentrate Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing nonalcoholic cider--are classified in U.S. Industry 311941, Mayonnaise, Dressing, and 

Other Prepared Sauce Manufacturing; 

 Purifying and bottling water (except artificially carbonated and flavored water)--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 312112, Bottled Water Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing milk-based drinks--are classified in U.S. Industry 311511, Fluid Milk Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing nonalcoholic beers--are classified in Industry 312120, Breweries; and 

 Manufacturing nonalcoholic wines--are classified in Industry 312130, Wineries. 

312112 Bottled Water Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in purifying and bottling water (including naturally 

carbonated). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing artificially carbonated waters--are classified in U.S. Industry 312111, Soft Drink 

Manufacturing; and 

 Bottling purchased purified water--are classified in Industry 424490, Other Grocery and Related Products 

Merchant Wholesalers. 

312113 Ice Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing ice. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dry ice are classified in Industry 325120, Industrial Gas 

Manufacturing. 

31212 BreweriesT 

See industry description for 312120 below. 

312120 Breweries

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in brewing beer, ale, malt liquors, and nonalcoholic 

beer. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Bottling purchased malt beverages--are classified in Industry 424810, Beer and Ale Merchant Wholesalers; 

and 

 Manufacturing malt--are classified in U.S. Industry 311213, Malt Manufacturing. 

31213 WineriesT 

See industry description for 312130 below. 

312130 Wineries 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) growing grapes and 

manufacturing wines and brandies; (2) manufacturing wines and brandies from grapes and other fruits grown 

elsewhere; and (3) blending wines and brandies. 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments primarily engaged in bottling purchased wines are classified in Industry 424820, Wine and 

Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers. 

31214 DistilleriesT 

See industry description for 312140 below. 

312140 Distilleries 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) distilling potable 

liquors (except brandies); (2) distilling and blending liquors; and (3) blending and mixing liquors and other 

ingredients. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing nonpotable ethyl alcohol--are classified in U.S. Industry 325193, Ethyl Alcohol 

Manufacturing; 

 Bottling liquors made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 424820, Wine and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage 

Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Manufacturing brandies--are classified in Industry 312130, Wineries. 

3122 Tobacco ManufacturingT 

31223 Tobacco Manufacturing 

See industry description for 312230 below. 

312230 Tobacco Manufacturing 

 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) the stemming and redrying of tobacco and/or (2) 

manufacturing cigarettes or other tobacco products. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Chewing tobacco manufacturing 

Cigar manufacturing 

Cigarettes manufacturing 

Snuff manufacturing 

Prepared pipe tobacco manufacturing 

Tobacco leaf processing and aging 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Selling leaf tobacco as merchant wholesalers that also engage in stemming tobacco--are classified in 

Industry 424940, Tobacco and Tobacco Product Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Selling leaf tobacco as agents or brokers that also engage in stemming tobacco--are classified in Industry 

425120, Wholesale Trade Agents and Brokers. 

313 Textile MillsT 

 Industries in the Textile Mills subsector group establishments that transform a basic fiber (natural or synthetic) 

into a product, such as yarn or fabric that is further manufactured into usable items, such as apparel, sheets, towels, 

and textile bags for individual or industrial consumption. The further manufacturing may be performed in the same 

establishment and classified in this subsector, or it may be performed at a separate establishment and be classified 

elsewhere in manufacturing. 

 The main processes in this subsector include preparation and spinning of fiber, knitting or weaving of fabric, and 

the finishing of the textile. The NAICS structure follows and captures this process flow. Major industries in this 
flow, such as preparation of fibers, weaving of fabric, knitting of fabric, and fiber and fabric finishing, are uniquely 

identified. Texturizing, throwing, twisting, and winding of yarn contains aspects of both fiber preparation and fiber 

finishing and is classified with preparation of fibers rather than with finishing of fiber. 

 NAICS separates the manufacturing of primary textiles and the manufacturing of textile products (except apparel) 

when the textile product is produced from purchased primary textiles, such as fabric. The manufacturing of textile 

products (except apparel) from purchased fabric is classified in Subsector 314, Textile Product Mills, and apparel 

from purchased fabric is classified in Subsector 315, Apparel Manufacturing. 

 Excluded from this subsector are establishments that weave or knit fabric and make garments. These 

establishments are included in Subsector 315, Apparel Manufacturing. 

3131 Fiber, Yarn, and Thread MillsT 

31311 Fiber, Yarn, and Thread MillsT 

See industry description for 313110 below. 

313110 Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) spinning yarn; (2) 

manufacturing thread of any fiber; (3) texturizing, throwing, twisting, and winding purchased yarn or manmade fiber 

filaments; and (4) producing hemp yarn and further processing into rope or bags. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing artificial and synthetic fibers and filaments and texturizing 

these filaments are classified in Industry 325220, Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing. 

3132 Fabric MillsT 

31321 Broadwoven Fabric MillsT 

See industry description for 313210 below. 

313210 Broadwoven Fabric Mills

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in weaving broadwoven fabrics and felts (except tire 

fabrics and rugs). Establishments in this industry may weave only, weave and finish, or weave, finish, and further 

fabricate fabric products. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Weaving widths specifically constructed for cutting to narrow widths--are classified in Industry 313220, 

Narrow Fabric Mills and Schiffli Machine Embroidery; 

 Weaving or tufting carpet and rugs--are classified in Industry 314110, Carpet and Rug Mills; and 

 Making tire cord and tire fabrics--are classified in U.S. Industry 314994, Rope, Cordage, Twine, Tire Cord, 

and Tire Fabric Mills. 

31322 Narrow Fabric Mills and Schiffli Machine EmbroideryT 

 See industry description for 313220 below. 

313220 Narrow Fabric Mills and Schiffli Machine Embroidery

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) weaving or 

braiding narrow fabrics in their final form or initially made in wider widths that are specially constructed for 

narrower widths; (2) making fabric-covered elastic yarn and thread; and (3) manufacturing Schiffli machine 

embroideries. Establishments in this industry may weave only; weave and finish; or weave, finish, and further 

fabricate fabric products. 
31323 Nonwoven Fabric MillsT 

See industry description for 313230 below.

313230 Nonwoven Fabric Mills

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonwoven fabrics and felts. Processes 

used include bonding and/or interlocking fibers by mechanical, chemical, thermal, or solvent means, or by 

combinations thereof. 

31324 Knit Fabric MillsT 

 See industry description for 313240 below. 

313240 Knit Fabric Mills

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) knitting weft (i.e., circular) 

and warp (i.e., flat) fabric; (2) knitting and finishing weft and warp fabric; (3) manufacturing lace; or (4) 

manufacturing, dyeing, and finishing lace and lace goods. Establishments in this industry may knit only; knit and 

finish; or knit, finish, and further fabricate fabric products (except apparel). 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in knitting apparel are classified in Industry Group 3151, Apparel Knitting 

Mills. 

3133 Textile and Fabric Finishing and Fabric Coating MillsT 

31331 Textile and Fabric Finishing MillsT

 See industry description for 313310 below. 

313310 Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills 

 This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in finishing of textiles, fabrics, and apparel, and (2) 

establishments of converters who buy fabric goods in the grey, have them finished on contract, and sell at wholesale. 

Finishing operations include: bleaching, dyeing, printing (e.g., roller, screen, flock, plisse), stonewashing, and other 

mechanical finishing, such as preshrinking, shrinking, sponging, calendering, mercerizing, and napping; as well as 

cleaning, scouring, and the preparation of natural fibers and raw stock. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Coating or impregnating fabrics--are classified in Industry 313320, Fabric Coating Mills; 

 Knitting or knitting and finishing fabric--are classified in Industry 313240, Knit Fabric Mills; 

 Manufacturing and finishing apparel--are classified in Subsector 315, Apparel Manufacturing; 

 Weaving and finishing fabrics--are classified in Industry Group 3132, Fabric Mills; 

 Manufacturing and finishing rugs and carpets--are classified in Industry 314110, Carpet and Rug Mills; and 

 Printing on apparel--are classified in Industry 32311, Printing. 

31332 Fabric Coating MillsT 

See industry description for 313320 below. 

313320 Fabric Coating Mills

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in coating, laminating, varnishing, waxing, and 

rubberizing textiles and apparel. 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments primarily engaged in dyeing and finishing textiles are classified in Industry 313310, Textile and 

Fabric Finishing Mills. 

314 Textile Product MillsT 

 Industries in the Textile Product Mills subsector group establishments that make textile products (except apparel). 

With a few exceptions, processes used in these industries are generally cut and sew (i.e., purchasing fabric and 

cutting and sewing to make nonapparel textile products, such as sheets and towels). 

3141 Textile Furnishings MillsT 

31411 Carpet and Rug MillsT 

See industry description for 314110 below. 

314110 Carpet and Rug Mills

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing woven, tufted, and other carpets 

and rugs, such as art squares, floor mattings, needlepunch carpeting, and door mats and mattings, from textile 

materials or from twisted paper, grasses, reeds, sisal, jute, or rags and/or (2) finishing carpets and rugs. 

31412 Curtain and Linen MillsT 

 See industry description for 314120 below. 

314120 Curtain and Linen Mills

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing household textile products, such as 

curtains, draperies, linens, bedspreads, sheets, tablecloths, towels, and shower curtains, from purchased materials. 

The household textile products may be made on a stock or custom basis for sale to individual retail customers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Weaving broadwoven fabrics--are classified in Industry 313210, Broadwoven Fabric Mills; 

 Manufacturing lace curtains on lace machines--are classified in Industry 313240, Knit Fabric Mills; 

 Manufacturing textile blanket, wardrobe, and laundry bags--are classified in Industry 314910, Textile Bag 

and Canvas Mills; and 

 Manufacturing mops--are classified in U.S. Industry 339994, Broom, Brush, and Mop Manufacturing. 

3149 Other Textile Product MillsT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in making textile products (except carpets and 

rugs, curtains and draperies, and other household textile products) from purchased materials. 

31491 Textile Bag and Canvas MillsT 

 See industry description for 314910 below. 

314910 Textile Bag and Canvas Mills 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing textile bags or other canvas and 

canvas-like products, such as awnings, sails, tarpaulins, and tents from purchased textile fabrics or yarns. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Covers (e.g., boat, swimming pool, truck) made from purchased fabrics 

Laundry bags made from purchased woven or knitted materials 

Seed bags made from purchased woven or knitted materials 
Textile bags made from purchased woven or knitted materials 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing plastic bags--are classified in U.S. Industry 326111, Plastics Bag and Pouch Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing canvas blinds and shades--are classified in Industry 337920, Blind and Shade 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing women's handbags and purses of leather or other material (except precious metal)--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 316992, Women’s Handbag and Purse Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing luggage--are classified in U.S. Industry 316998, All Other Leather Good and Allied Product 

Manufacturing. 

31499 All Other Textile Product MillsT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonapparel textile products (except 

carpet, rugs, curtains, linens, bags, and canvas products) from purchased materials. This industry includes 

establishments primarily engaged in decorative stitching such as embroidery or other art needlework on textile 

products, including apparel. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Batts and batting (except nonwoven fabrics) manufacturing 

Carpet cutting and binding 

Diapers (except disposable) made from purchased materials 

Embroidering on textile products or apparel for the trade 

Fishing nets made from purchased materials 

Ropes (except wire rope) manufacturing 

Sleeping bags manufacturing 

Tire cord and fabric, all materials, manufacturing 

Twines manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing yarns and thread--are classified in Industry 31311, Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills; 

 Manufacturing carpets and rugs--are classified in Industry 31411, Carpet and Rug Mills; 

 Manufacturing apparel--are classified in Subsector 315, Apparel Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing curtains and linens--are classified in Industry 31412, Curtain and Linen Mills; and 

 Manufacturing textile bags and canvas products--are classified in Industry 31491, Textile Bag and Canvas 

Mills. 

314994 Rope, Cordage, Twine, Tire Cord, and Tire Fabric Mills 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing rope, cable, cordage, twine, 

and related products from all materials (e.g., abaca, sisal, henequen, cotton, paper, jute, flax, manmade fibers 

including glass) and/or (2) manufacturing cord and fabric of polyester, rayon, cotton, glass, steel, or other materials 

for use in reinforcing rubber tires, industrial belting, and similar uses. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in spinning yarns and filaments are classified in Industry 313110, Fiber, Yarn, 

and Thread Mills. 

314999 All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing textile products (except carpets 

and rugs; curtains and linens; textile bags and canvas products; rope, cordage, and twine; and tire cords and tire 

fabrics) from purchased materials. These establishments may further embellish the textile products they 

manufacture with decorative stitching. Establishments primarily engaged in adding decorative stitching such as 

embroidery or other art needlework on textile products, including apparel, on a contract or fee basis for the trade, are 

included in this industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Batts and batting (except nonwoven fabrics) manufacturing 

Embroidering on textile products or apparel for the trade 

Fishing nets made from purchased materials 

Carpet cutting and binding 

Sleeping bags manufacturing 

Diapers (except disposable) made from purchased materials 

Textile fire hoses made from purchased materials 

Dust cloths made from purchased fabric 

Weatherstripping made from purchased textiles 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing yarns and thread--are classified in Industry 313110, Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills; 

 Manufacturing carpets and rugs--are classified in Industry 314110, Carpet and Rug Mills; 

 Manufacturing curtains and linens--are classified in Industry 314120, Curtain and Linen Mills; 

 Manufacturing textile bags and canvas products--are classified in Industry 314910, Textile Bag and Canvas 

Mills; and 

 Manufacturing rope, cordage, twine, tire cord, and tire fabrics--are classified in U.S. Industry 314994, 

Rope, Cordage, Twine, Tire Cord, and Tire Fabric Mills. 

315 Apparel ManufacturingT 

 Industries in the Apparel Manufacturing subsector group establishments with two distinct manufacturing 

processes: (1) cut and sew (i.e., purchasing fabric and cutting and sewing to make a garment), and (2) the 

manufacture of garments in establishments that first knit fabric and then cut and sew the fabric into a garment. The 

Apparel Manufacturing subsector includes a diverse range of establishments manufacturing full lines of ready-towear apparel and custom apparel: apparel contractors, performing cutting or sewing operations on materials owned 

by others; jobbers performing entrepreneurial functions involved in apparel manufacture; and tailors, manufacturing 

custom garments for individual clients are all included. Knitting, when done alone, is classified in the Textile Mills 

subsector, but when knitting is combined with the production of complete garments, the activity is classified in 

Apparel Manufacturing. 

3151 Apparel Knitting MillsT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in knitting apparel or knitting fabric and then 

manufacturing apparel. This industry group includes jobbers performing entrepreneurial functions involved in 

knitting apparel and accessories. Knitting fabric, without manufacturing apparel, is classified in Subsector 313, 

Textile Mills. 

31511 Hosiery and Sock MillsT 

 See industry description for 315110 below. 

315110 Hosiery and Sock Mills

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in knitting or knitting and finishing hosiery and socks. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing orthopedic hosiery--are classified in U.S. Industry 339113, Surgical Appliance and Supplies 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing slipper socks from purchased socks--are classified in Industry 316210, Footwear 

Manufacturing; and 

 Finishing apparel products only--are classified in Industry 313310, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills. 

31519 Other Apparel Knitting MillsT 

 See industry description for 315190 below. 

315190 Other Apparel Knitting Mills 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) knitting underwear, 

outerwear, and/or nightwear; (2) knitting fabric and manufacturing underwear, outerwear, and/or nightwear; or (3) 

knitting, manufacturing, and finishing knit underwear, outerwear, and/or nightwear. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing outerwear, underwear, and nightwear from purchased fabric--are classified in Industry 

Group 3152, Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; and 

 Finishing apparel products only--are classified in Industry 313310, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills. 

3152 Cut and Sew Apparel ManufacturingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing cut and sew apparel from 

woven fabric or purchased knit fabric. Included in this industry group is a diverse range of establishments 

manufacturing full lines of ready-to-wear apparel and custom apparel: apparel contractors, performing cutting or 

sewing operations on materials owned by others; jobbers performing entrepreneurial functions involved in apparel 

manufacture; and tailors, manufacturing custom garments for individual clients. Establishments weaving or knitting 

fabric, without manufacturing apparel, are classified in Subsector 313, Textile Mills. 

31521 Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors 

 See industry description for 315210 below. 

315210 Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors 

 This industry comprises establishments commonly referred to as contractors primarily engaged in (1) cutting 

materials owned by others for apparel and accessories and/or (2) sewing materials owned by others for apparel and 

accessories. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing men's and boys' apparel from purchased fabric--are classified in Industry 315220, Men's and 

Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing women's, girls', and infants’ apparel from purchased fabric--are classified in Industry 

315240, Women's, Girls', and Infants’ Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing all other cut and sew apparel from purchased fabric--are classified in Industry 315280, 

Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing apparel accessories from purchased fabric--are classified in Industry 315990, Apparel 

Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing; and 

 Embroidering apparel on a contract or fee basis for the trade--are classified in U.S. Industry 314999, All 

Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills. 

31522 Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing 

 See industry description for 315220 below. 
315220 Men’s and Boys’ Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing men's and boys' cut and sew apparel 

from purchased fabric. Men's and boys' clothing jobbers, who perform entrepreneurial functions involved in apparel 

manufacture, including buying raw materials, designing and preparing samples, arranging for apparel to be made 

from their materials, and marketing finished apparel, are included. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Cutting and/or sewing materials owned by others for men's and boys' apparel--are classified in Industry 

315210, Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors; 

 Knitting men's and boys' apparel or knitting fabric and manufacturing men's and boys' apparel--are 

classified in Industry Group 3151, Apparel Knitting Mills; and 

 Manufacturing fur or leather apparel and team athletic uniforms--are classified in Industry 315280, Other 

Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing. 

31524 Women’s, Girls’, and Infants’ Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing 

 See industry description for 315240 below. 

315240 Women’s, Girls’, and Infants’ Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing women's, girls', and infants’ apparel 

from purchased fabric. Women's, girls', and infants’ clothing jobbers, who perform entrepreneurial functions 

involved in apparel manufacture, including buying raw materials, designing and preparing samples, arranging for 

apparel to be made from their materials, and marketing finished apparel, are included. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Knitting women's, girls', and infants’ apparel or knitting fabric and manufacturing women's, girls', and 

infants’ apparel--are classified in Industry Group 3151, Apparel Knitting Mills; 

 Manufacturing unisex outerwear garments, such as T-shirts, sweatshirts, and sweatpants that are sized 

without reference to specific gender (i.e., adult S, M, L, XL)--are classified in Industry 315220, Men's and 

Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; 

 Cutting and/or sewing materials owned by others for women’s, girls’, and infants’ apparel--are classified in 

Industry 315210, Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors; 

 Manufacturing fur or leather apparel and team athletic uniforms--are classified in Industry 315280, Other 

Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing cloth diapers--are classified in U.S. Industry 314999, All Other Miscellaneous Textile 

Product Mills. 

31528 Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing 

See industry description for 315280 below. 

315280 Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing cut and sew apparel from purchased 

fabric (except men's, boys', women's, girls', and infants’ apparel). Clothing jobbers for these products, who perform 

entrepreneurial functions involved in apparel manufacture, including buying raw materials, designing and preparing 

samples, arranging for apparel to be made from their materials, and marketing finished apparel, are included. 

Examples of products made by these establishments are fur or leather apparel, sheep-lined clothing, team athletic 

uniforms, band uniforms, academic caps and gowns, clerical vestments, and costumes. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing men's and boys' apparel from purchased fabric--are classified in Industry 315220, Men's and 

Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing women's, girls', and infants’ apparel from purchased fabric--are classified in Industry 

315240, Women's, Girls', and Infants’ Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; 

 Knitting apparel or knitting fabric and manufacturing apparel--are classified in Industry Group 3151, 

Apparel Knitting Mills; 

 Cutting and/or sewing materials owned by others for apparel--are classified in Industry 315210, Cut and 

Sew Apparel Contractors; 

 Manufacturing fur and leather mittens and gloves--are classified in Industry 315990, Apparel Accessories 

and Other Apparel Manufacturing; and 

 Dyeing and dressing furs--are classified in Industry 316110, Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing. 

3159 Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel ManufacturingT 

31599 Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel ManufacturingT 

 See industry description for 315990 below. 

315990 Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing apparel and accessories (except 

apparel knitting mills, cut and sew apparel contractors, men's and boys' cut and sew apparel, women's and girls' cut 

and sew apparel, and other cut and sew apparel). Jobbers, who perform entrepreneurial functions involved in 

apparel accessories manufacture, including buying raw materials, designing and preparing samples, arranging for 

apparel accessories to be made from their materials, and marketing finished apparel accessories, are included. 

Examples of products made by these establishments are belts, caps, gloves (except medical, sporting, safety), hats, 

and neckties. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Cutting and/or sewing materials owned by others for apparel accessories--are classified in Industry 315210, 

Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors; 

 Manufacturing paper hats and caps--are classified in U.S. Industry 322299, All Other Converted Paper 

Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics or rubber hats and caps (except bathing caps)--are classified in Subsector 326, 

Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing athletic gloves, such as boxing gloves, baseball gloves, golf gloves, batting gloves, and 

racquetball gloves--are classified in Industry 339920, Sporting and Athletic Goods Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal fabric, metal mesh, or rubber gloves--are classified in U.S. Industry 339113, Surgical 

Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; 

 Knitting apparel, mittens, gloves, hats, and caps or knitting fabric and manufacturing apparel, mittens, 

gloves, hats, and caps--are classified in Industry Group 3151, Apparel Knitting Mills; 

 Cutting and/or sewing materials owned by others for apparel--are classified in Industry 315210, Cut and 

Sew Apparel Contractors; 

 Manufacturing men's and boys' underwear and outerwear from purchased fabric--are classified in Industry 

315220, Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing women's, girls', and infants’ underwear and outerwear from purchased fabric--are classified 

in Industry 315240, Women's, Girls', and Infants’ Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing other apparel from purchased fabric and manufacturing fur and leather apparel--are 

classified in Industry 315280, Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing. 

316 Leather and Allied Product ManufacturingT 

 Establishments in the Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing subsector transform hides into leather by tanning 

or curing and fabricating the leather into products for final consumption. It also includes the manufacture of similar 

products from other materials, including products (except apparel) made from "leather substitutes," such as rubber, 
plastics, or textiles. Rubber footwear, textile luggage, and plastics purses or wallets are examples of "leather 

substitute" products included in this group. The products made from leather substitutes are included in this 

subsector because they are made in similar ways leather products are made (e.g., luggage). They are made in the 

same establishments, so it is not practical to separate them. 

 The inclusion of leather making in this subsector is partly because leather tanning is a relatively small industry that 

has few close neighbors as a production process, partly because leather is an input to some of the other products 

classified in this subsector and partly for historical reasons. 

3161 Leather and Hide Tanning and FinishingT 

31611 Leather and Hide Tanning and FinishingT 

See industry description for 316110 below. 

316110 Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) tanning, currying, 

and finishing hides and skins; (2) having others process hides and skins on a contract basis; and (3) dyeing or 

dressing furs. 

3162 Footwear ManufacturingT 

31621 Footwear ManufacturingT 

 See industry description for 316210 below. 

316210 Footwear Manufacturing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing footwear (except orthopedic extension 

footwear). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Athletic shoes manufacturing 

Ballet slippers manufacturing 

Cleated athletic shoes manufacturing 

Shoes, children's and infants’ (except orthopedic extension), manufacturing 

Shoes, men’s (except orthopedic extension), manufacturing 

Shoes, women’s (except orthopedic extension), manufacturing 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing orthopedic extension footwear are classified in U.S. Industry 

339113, Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing. 

3169 Other Leather and Allied Product ManufacturingT 

31699 Other Leather and Allied Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing leather products (except footwear and 

apparel) from purchased leather or leather substitutes (e.g., fabric, plastics). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Billfolds, all materials, manufacturing 

Boot and shoe cut stock and findings, leather, manufacturing 

Dog furnishings (e.g., collars, leashes, harnesses, muzzles), manufacturing 

Luggage, all materials, manufacturing 
Purses, women's, all materials (except metal), manufacturing 

Shoe soles, leather, manufacturing 

Toilet kits and cases (except metal) manufacturing 

Watchbands (except metal) manufacturing 

Welders' jackets, leggings, and sleeves, leather, manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing leather apparel--are classified in Industry 31528, Other Cut and Sew Apparel 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing leather gloves, mittens, belts, and apparel accessories--are classified in Industry 31599, 

Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing footwear--are classified in Industry 31621, Footwear Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing nonleather soles--are classified elsewhere based on the primary input material; 

 Manufacturing small articles made of metal carried on or about the person--are classified in Industry 

33991, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing leather gaskets--are classified in Industry 33999, All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing. 

316992 Women's Handbag and Purse Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing women's handbags and purses of 

any material (except precious metal). 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing precious metal handbags and purses are classified in Industry 

339910, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing. 

316998 All Other Leather Good and Allied Product Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing leather products (except 

footwear, handbags, purses, and apparel) from purchased leather or leather substitutes (e.g., fabric, plastics). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Billfolds, all materials, manufacturing 

Boot and shoe cut stock and findings, leather, manufacturing 

Coin purses (except metal) manufacturing 

Dog furnishings (e.g., collars, leashes, harnesses, muzzles), manufacturing 

Key cases (except metal) manufacturing 

Leather belting for machinery (e.g., flat, solid, twisted, built-up) manufacturing 

Luggage, all materials, manufacturing 

Shoe soles, leather, manufacturing 

Toilet kits and cases (except metal) manufacturing 

Watchbands (except metal) manufacturing 

Welders' jackets, leggings, and sleeves, leather, manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing handbags and purses--are classified in U.S. Industry 316992, Women’s Handbag and Purse 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing leather apparel--are classified in Industry 315280, Other Cut and Sew Apparel 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing leather gloves, mittens, belts, and apparel accessories--are classified in Industry 315990, 

Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing footwear--are classified in Industry 316210, Footwear Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing nonleather soles--are classified elsewhere based on primary input material; 

 Manufacturing small articles made of metal carried on or about the person--are classified in Industry 

339910, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing leather gaskets--are classified in U.S. Industry 339991, Gasket, Packing, and Sealing Device 

Manufacturing. 

321 Wood Product ManufacturingT 

 Industries in the Wood Product Manufacturing subsector manufacture wood products, such as lumber, plywood, 

veneers, wood containers, wood flooring, wood trusses, manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes), and prefabricated 

wood buildings. The production processes of the Wood Product Manufacturing subsector include sawing, planing, 

shaping, laminating, and assembling of wood products starting from logs that are cut into bolts, or lumber that then 

may be further cut, or shaped by lathes or other shaping tools. The lumber or other transformed wood shapes may 

also be subsequently planed or smoothed, and assembled into finished products, such as wood containers. The 

Wood Product Manufacturing subsector includes establishments that make wood products from logs and bolts that 

are sawed and shaped, and establishments that purchase sawed lumber and make wood products. With the exception 

of sawmills and wood preservation establishments, the establishments are grouped into industries mainly based on 

the specific products manufactured. 

3211 Sawmills and Wood PreservationT 

 This industry group comprises establishments whose primary production process begins with logs or bolts that are 

transformed into boards, dimension lumber, beams, timbers, poles, ties, shingles, shakes, siding, and wood chips. 

Establishments that cut and treat round wood and/or treat wood products made in other establishments to prevent 

rotting by impregnation with creosote or other chemical compounds are also included in this industry group. 

32111 Sawmills and Wood PreservationT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) sawing dimension 

lumber, boards, beams, timber, poles, ties, shingles, shakes, siding, and wood chips from logs or bolts; (2) sawing 

round wood poles, pilings, and posts and treating them with preservatives; and (3) treating wood sawed, planed, or 

shaped in other establishments with creosote or other preservatives to prevent decay and to protect against fire and 

insects. Sawmills may plane the rough lumber that they make with a planing machine to achieve smoothness and 

uniformity of size. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating portable chipper mills in the field--are classified in Industry 11331, Logging; 

 Manufacturing wood products (except round wood poles, pilings, and posts) and treating them with 

preservatives--are classified elsewhere in Subsector 321, Wood Product Manufacturing, based on the 

related production process; 

 Manufacturing veneer from logs and bolts or manufacturing engineered lumber and structural members 

other than solid wood--are classified in Industry 32121, Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product 

Manufacturing; and 

 Planing purchased lumber or manufacturing cut stock or dimension stock (i.e., shapes) from logs or bolts--

are classified in Industry 32191, Millwork. 

321113 Sawmills 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in sawing dimension lumber, boards, beams, 

timbers, poles, ties, shingles, shakes, siding, and wood chips from logs or bolts. Sawmills may plane the rough 

lumber that they make with a planing machine to achieve smoothness and uniformity of size. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Planing purchased lumber or manufacturing cut stock or dimension stock (i.e., shapes) from logs or bolts--

are classified in Industry 32191, Millwork; 

 Manufacturing veneer from logs or bolts--are classified in Industry 32121, Veneer, Plywood, and 

Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing; and 

 Operating portable chipper mills in the field--are classified in Industry 113310, Logging. 

321114 Wood Preservation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) treating wood sawed, planed, or shaped in 

other establishments with creosote or other preservatives, such as alkaline copper quat, copper azole, and sodium 

borates, to prevent decay and to protect against fire and insects and/or (2) sawing round wood poles, pilings, and 

posts and treating them with preservatives. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wood products (except round wood poles, pilings, and posts) 

and treating them with preservatives are classified elsewhere in Subsector 321, Wood Product Manufacturing, based 

on the related production process. 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product ManufacturingT 

 

32121 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

veneer and/or plywood; (2) manufacturing engineered wood members; and (3) manufacturing reconstituted wood 

products. This industry includes manufacturing plywood from veneer made in the same establishment or from 

veneer made in other establishments, and manufacturing plywood faced with nonwood materials, such as plastics or 

metal. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Fabricated structural wood members manufacturing 

Laminated structural wood members manufacturing 

Medium density fiberboard (MDF) manufacturing 

Oriented strandboard (OSB) manufacturing 

Particleboard manufacturing 

Plywood manufacturing 

Reconstituted wood sheets and boards manufacturing 

Roof trusses, wood, manufacturing 

Veneer mills 

Waferboard manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing veneer and further processing that veneer into wood containers or wood container parts in 

the same establishment--are classified in Industry 32192, Wood Container and Pallet Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing prefabricated wood buildings or wood sections, and panels for buildings--are classified in 

Industry 32199, All Other Wood Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing solid wood structural members, such as dimension lumber and timber from logs or bolts in 

sawmills--are classified in Industry 32111, Sawmills and Wood Preservation. 

321211 Hardwood Veneer and Plywood Manufacturing 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing hardwood veneer and/or 

hardwood plywood. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing veneer and further processing that veneer into wood containers or wood container parts--are 

classified in Industry 321920, Wood Container and Pallet Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing softwood veneer and softwood plywood--are classified in U.S. Industry 321212, Softwood 

Veneer and Plywood Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing reconstituted wood sheets and boards--are classified in U.S. Industry 321219, Reconstituted 

Wood Product Manufacturing. 

321212 Softwood Veneer and Plywood Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing softwood veneer and/or 

softwood plywood. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing veneer and further processing that veneer into wood containers or wood container parts--are 

classified in Industry 321920, Wood Container and Pallet Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing hardwood veneer and hardwood plywood--are classified in U.S. Industry 321211, 

Hardwood Veneer and Plywood Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing reconstituted wood sheets and boards--are classified in U.S. Industry 321219, Reconstituted 

Wood Product Manufacturing. 

321213 Engineered Wood Member (except Truss) Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fabricated or laminated wood 

arches and/or other fabricated or laminated wood structural members. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Finger joint lumber manufacturing 

I-joists, wood, fabricating 

Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) manufacturing 

Parallel strand lumber manufacturing 

Timbers, structural, glue laminated or pre-engineered wood, manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing prefabricated wood buildings, or wood sections, and panels for buildings--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 321992, Prefabricated Wood Building Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing wood trusses--are classified in U.S. Industry 321214, Truss Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing solid wood structural members, such as dimension lumber and timber from logs or bolts--

are classified in U.S. Industry 321113, Sawmills. 

321214 Truss Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing laminated or fabricated wood 

roof and floor trusses. 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wood I-joists are classified in U.S. Industry 321213, 

Engineered Wood Member (except Truss) Manufacturing. 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Product Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing reconstituted wood sheets and 

boards. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Medium density fiberboard (MDF) manufacturing 

Oriented strandboard (OSB) manufacturing 

Particleboard manufacturing 

Reconstituted wood sheets and boards manufacturing 

Waferboard manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing softwood plywood--are classified in U.S. Industry 321212, Softwood Veneer and Plywood 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing hardwood plywood--are classified in U.S. Industry 321211, Hardwood Veneer and Plywood 

Manufacturing. 

3219 Other Wood Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wood products (except 

establishments operating sawmills and wood preservation facilities; and establishments manufacturing veneer, 

plywood, or engineered wood products). 

32191 MillworkT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing hardwood and softwood cut stock and 

dimension stock (i.e., shapes); wood windows and wood doors; and other millwork including wood flooring. 

Dimension stock or cut stock is defined as lumber and worked wood products cut or shaped to specialized sizes. 

These establishments generally use woodworking machinery, such as jointers, planers, lathes, and routers to shape 

wood. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing dimension lumber, boards, beams, timbers, poles, ties, shingles, shakes, siding, and wood 

chips from logs and bolts--are classified in Industry 32111, Sawmills and Wood Preservation; 

 Fabricating millwork at the construction site--are classified in Industry 23835, Finish Carpentry 

Contractors; and 

 Manufacturing wood furniture frames and finished wood furniture parts--are classified in Industry 33721, 

Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing. 

321911 Wood Window and Door Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing window and door units, sash, 

window and door frames, and doors from wood or wood clad with metal or plastics. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in fabricating wood windows or wood doors at the construction site are 

classified in Industry 238350, Finish Carpentry Contractors. 
321912 Cut Stock, Resawing Lumber, and Planing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

dimension lumber from purchased lumber; (2) manufacturing dimension stock (i.e., shapes) or cut stock; (3) 

resawing the output of sawmills; and (4) planing purchased lumber. These establishments generally use 

woodworking machinery, such as jointers, planers, lathes, and routers to shape wood. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing dimension lumber, boards, beams, timbers, poles, ties, shingles, shakes, siding, and wood 

chips from logs or bolts--are classified in U.S. Industry 321113, Sawmills; 

 Manufacturing wood stairwork, wood molding, wood trim, and other millwork--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 321918, Other Millwork (including Flooring); and 

 Manufacturing wood furniture frames and finished wood furniture parts--are classified in U.S. Industry 

337215, Showcase, Partition, Shelving, and Locker Manufacturing. 

321918 Other Millwork (including Flooring) 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing millwork (except wood 

windows, wood doors, and cut stock). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Clear and finger joint wood moldings manufacturing 

Decorative wood moldings (e.g., base, chair rail, crown, shoe) manufacturing 

Ornamental woodwork (e.g., cornices, mantel) manufacturing 

Planing mills, millwork 

Stairwork (e.g., newel posts, railings, stairs, staircases), wood, manufacturing 

Wood flooring manufacturing 

Wood shutters manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing wood windows and doors--are classified in U.S. Industry 321911, Wood Window and Door 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing cut stock, resawing lumber, and/or planing purchased lumber--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 321912, Cut Stock, Resawing Lumber, and Planing. 

32192 Wood Container and Pallet ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 321920 below. 

321920 Wood Container and Pallet Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wood pallets, wood box shook, wood 

boxes, other wood containers, and wood parts for pallets and containers. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wood burial caskets are classified in U.S. Industry 339995, 

Burial Casket Manufacturing. 

32199 All Other Wood Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wood products (except establishments 

operating sawmills and wood preservation facilities; and establishments manufacturing veneer, plywood, engineered 

wood products, millwork, wood containers, or pallets). 
Illustrative Examples: 

Mobile home manufacturing 

Panels, prefabricated wood building, manufacturing 

Prefabricated wood buildings 

Sections, prefabricated wood building, manufacturing 

Wood dowels manufacturing 

Wood handles (e.g., broom, handtool, mop) manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating sawmills or preserving wood--are classified in Industry 32111, Sawmills and Wood 

Preservation; 

 Manufacturing veneer, plywood, and engineered wood products--are classified in Industry 32121, Veneer, 

Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing millwork--are classified in Industry 32191, Millwork; 

 Manufacturing wood containers, pallets, and wood container parts--are classified in Industry 32192, Wood 

Container and Pallet Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing travel trailers with self-contained facilities for storage of water and waste--are classified in 

Industry 33621, Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing; and 

 Fabricating of wood buildings or wood sections and panels for buildings at the construction site--are 

classified in Sector 23, Construction. 

321991 Manufactured Home (Mobile Home) Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in making manufactured homes (i.e., mobile 

homes) and nonresidential mobile buildings. Manufactured homes are designed to accept permanent water, sewer, 

and utility connections and although equipped with wheels, they are not intended for regular highway movement. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing prefabricated wood buildings not equipped with wheels--are classified in U.S. Industry 

321992, Prefabricated Wood Building Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing travel trailers with self-contained facilities for storage of water and waste--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 336214, Travel Trailer and Camper Manufacturing. 

321992 Prefabricated Wood Building Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing prefabricated wood buildings 

and wood sections and panels for prefabricated wood buildings. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Fabricating wood buildings or wood sections and panels for buildings at the construction site--are classified 

in Sector 23, Construction; and 

 Making manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes)--are classified in U.S. Industry 321991, Manufactured 

Home (Mobile Home) Manufacturing. 

321999 All Other Miscellaneous Wood Product Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wood products (except 

establishments operating sawmills and preservation facilities; establishments manufacturing veneer, engineered 

wood products, millwork, wood containers, pallets, and wood container parts; and establishments making 

manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes) and prefabricated buildings and components). 
Illustrative Examples: 

Cabinets (i.e., housings), wood (e.g., sewing machines, stereo, television), manufacturing 

Cork products (except gaskets) manufacturing 

Kiln drying lumber 

Shoe trees manufacturing 

Wood dowels manufacturing 

Wood extension ladders manufacturing 

Wood handles (e.g., broom, handtool, mop), manufacturing 

Wood kitchenware manufacturing 

Wood stepladders manufacturing 

Wood toilet seats manufacturing 

Wood toothpicks manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating sawmills and preserving wood--are classified in Industry 32111, Sawmills and Wood 

Preservation; 

 Manufacturing veneer and engineered wood products--are classified in Industry 32121, Veneer, Plywood, 

and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing millwork--are classified in Industry 32191, Millwork; 

 Manufacturing boxes, box shook, wood containers, pallets, and wood parts for containers--are classified in 

Industry 321920, Wood Container and Pallet Manufacturing; 

 Making manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes)--are classified in U.S. Industry 321991, Manufactured 

Home (Mobile Home) Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing prefabricated wood buildings or wood sections and panels for buildings--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 321992, Prefabricated Wood Building Manufacturing. 

322 Paper ManufacturingT 

 Industries in the Paper Manufacturing subsector make pulp, paper, or converted paper products. The 

manufacturing of these products is grouped together because they constitute a series of vertically connected 

processes. More than one is often carried out in a single establishment. There are essentially three activities. The 

manufacturing of pulp involves separating the cellulose fibers from other impurities in wood or used paper. The 

manufacturing of paper involves matting these fibers into a sheet. Converted paper products are made from paper 

and other materials by various cutting and shaping techniques and includes coating and laminating activities. 

 The Paper Manufacturing subsector is subdivided into two industry groups, the first for the manufacturing of pulp 

and paper and the second for the manufacturing of converted paper products. Paper making is treated as the core 

activity of the subsector. Therefore, any establishment that makes paper (including paperboard), either alone or in 

combination with pulp manufacturing or paper converting, is classified as a paper or paperboard mill. 

Establishments that make pulp without making paper are classified as pulp mills. Pulp mills, paper mills and 

paperboard mills comprise the first industry group. 

 Establishments that make products from purchased paper and other materials make up the second industry group, 

Converted Paper Product Manufacturing. This general activity is then subdivided based, for the most part, on 

process distinctions. Paperboard container manufacturing uses corrugating, cutting, and shaping machinery to form 

paperboard into containers. Paper bag and coated and treated paper manufacturing establishments cut and coat 

paper and foil. Stationery product manufacturing establishments make a variety of paper products used for writing, 

filing, and similar applications. Other converted paper product manufacturing includes, in particular, the conversion 

of sanitary paper stock into such things as tissue paper and disposable diapers. 

 An important process used in the Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing industry is lamination, 

often combined with coating. Lamination and coating makes a composite material with improved properties of 

strength, impermeability, and so on. The laminated materials may be paper, metal foil, or plastics film. While paper 

is often one of the components, it is not always. Lamination of plastics film to plastics film is classified in the 

NAICS Subsector 326, Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing, because establishments that do this often first 
make the film. The same situation holds with respect to bags. The manufacturing of bags from plastics only, 

whether or not laminated, is classified in Subsector 326, Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing, but all other 

bag manufacturing is classified in this subsector. 

 Excluded from this subsector are photosensitive papers. These papers are chemically treated and are classified in 

Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing. 

3221 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard MillsT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pulp, paper, or paperboard. 

32211 Pulp MillsT 

See industry description for 322110 below. 

322110 Pulp Mills 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pulp without manufacturing paper or 

paperboard. The pulp is made by separating the cellulose fibers from the other impurities in wood or other 

materials, such as used or recycled rags, linters, scrap paper, and straw. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing both pulp and paper--are classified in Industry 32212, Paper Mills; and 

 Manufacturing both pulp and paperboard--are classified in Industry 322130, Paperboard Mills. 

32212 Paper MillsT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing paper from pulp. These 

establishments may manufacture or purchase pulp. In addition, the establishments may convert the paper they make. 

The activity of making paper classifies an establishment into this industry regardless of the output. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing pulp without manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry 32211, Pulp Mills; 

 Manufacturing paperboard--are classified in Industry 32213, Paperboard Mills; 

 Converting paper without manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry Group 3222, Converted Paper 

Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing photographic sensitized paper--are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product 

and Preparation Manufacturing. 

322121 Paper (except Newsprint) Mills 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing paper (except newsprint and 

uncoated groundwood paper) from pulp. These establishments may manufacture or purchase pulp. In addition, the 

establishments may also convert the paper they make. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing newsprint and uncoated groundwood paper--are classified in U.S. Industry 322122, 

Newsprint Mills; 

 Converting paper without manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry Group 3222, Converted Paper 

Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing paperboard--are classified in Industry 322130, Paperboard Mills; 

 Manufacturing pulp without manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry 322110, Pulp Mills; and 

 Manufacturing photographic sensitized paper from purchased paper--are classified in U.S. Industry 325992, 

Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing. 
322122 Newsprint Mills 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing newsprint and uncoated 

groundwood paper from pulp. These establishments may manufacture or purchase pulp. In addition, the 

establishments may also convert the paper they make. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing paper (except newsprint and uncoated groundwood)--are classified in U.S. Industry 322121, 

Paper (except Newsprint) Mills; 

 Converting paper without manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry Group 3222, Converted Paper 

Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing paperboard--are classified in Industry 322130, Paperboard Mills; and 

 Manufacturing pulp without manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry 322110, Pulp Mills. 

32213 Paperboard MillsT 

See industry description for 322130 below. 

322130 Paperboard Mills 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing paperboard from pulp. These 

establishments may manufacture or purchase pulp. In addition, the establishments may also convert the paperboard 

they make. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing pulp without manufacturing paperboard--are classified in Industry 322110, Pulp Mills; 

 Converting paperboard without manufacturing paperboard--are classified in Industry Group 3222, 

Converted Paper Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing insulation board and other reconstituted wood fiberboard--are classified in U.S. Industry 

321219, Reconstituted Wood Product Manufacturing. 

3222 Converted Paper Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paper or paperboard without 

manufacturing paper or paperboard. 

32221 Paperboard Container ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paperboard into containers without 

manufacturing paperboard. These establishments use corrugating, cutting, and shaping machinery to form 

paperboard into containers. Products made by these establishments include boxes, corrugated sheets, pads, pallets, 

paper dishes, and fiber drums, and reels. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing similar items of plastics materials--are classified in Industry Group 3261, Plastics Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing paperboard and converting paperboard into containers--are classified in Industry 32213, 

Paperboard Mills; 

 Manufacturing egg cartons, food trays, and other food containers from molded pulp--are classified in 

Industry 32229, Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing paper and converting paper into containers--are classified in Industry 32212, Paper Mills; 

and 
 Manufacturing paper bags without manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry 32222, Paper Bag and 

Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing. 

322211 Corrugated and Solid Fiber Box Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in laminating purchased paper or paperboard into 

corrugated or solid fiber boxes and related products, such as pads, partitions, pallets, and corrugated paper without 

manufacturing paperboard. These boxes are generally used for shipping. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing setup paperboard boxes (except corrugated or laminated solid fiber boxes)--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 322219, Other Paperboard Container Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing folding paperboard boxes (except corrugated or laminated solid fiber boxes)--are classified 

in U.S. Industry 322212, Folding Paperboard Box Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing paperboard and converting paperboard into boxes--are classified in Industry 322130, 

Paperboard Mills. 

322212 Folding Paperboard Box Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paperboard (except corrugated) into 

folding paperboard boxes without manufacturing paper and paperboard. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing setup paperboard boxes (except corrugated) or milk cartons--are classified in U.S. Industry 

322219, Other Paperboard Container Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing corrugated and solid fiber boxes--are classified in U.S. Industry 322211, Corrugated and 

Solid Fiber Box Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing paperboard and converting paperboard into containers--are classified in Industry 322130, 

Paperboard Mills; 

 Manufacturing paper and converting paper into containers--are classified in Industry 32212, Paper Mills; 

and 

 Manufacturing paper bags--are classified in Industry 322220, Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper 

Manufacturing. 

322219 Other Paperboard Container Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paperboard into paperboard 

containers, (except corrugated, solid fiber, and folding paperboard boxes) without manufacturing paperboard. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Fiber cans and drums (i.e., all-fiber, nonfiber ends of any material) made from purchased paperboard 

Sanitary food containers (except folding) made from purchased paper or paperboard 

Setup (i.e., not shipped flat) boxes made from purchased paperboard 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing sanitary food containers of solely plastics materials--are classified in Industry Group 3261, 

Plastics Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing paperboard and converting paperboard into containers--are classified in Industry 322130, 

Paperboard Mills; 

 Manufacturing corrugated and solid fiber boxes--are classified in U.S. Industry 322211, Corrugated and 

Solid Fiber Box Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing folding paperboard boxes (except corrugated)--are classified in U.S. Industry 322212, 

Folding Paperboard Box Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing egg cartons, food trays, and other food containers from molded pulp--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 322299, All Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing. 

32222 Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper ManufacturingT 

 See industry description for 322220 below. 

322220 Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) cutting and coating 

paper and paperboard; (2) cutting and laminating paper, paperboard, and other flexible materials (except plastics 

film to plastics film); (3) manufacturing bags, multiwall bags, sacks of paper, metal foil, coated paper, laminates, or 

coated combinations of paper and foil with plastics film; (4) manufacturing laminated aluminum and other converted 

metal foils from purchased foils; and (5) surface coating paper or paperboard. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing paper from pulp--are classified in Industry 32212, Paper Mills; 

 Manufacturing textile bags--are classified in Industry 314910, Textile Bag and Canvas Mills; 

 Manufacturing single and multiwall plastics bags--are classified in U.S. Industry 326111, Plastics Bag and 

Pouch Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics to plastics packaging laminations--are classified in U.S. Industry 326112, Plastics 

Packaging Film and Sheet (including Laminated) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing unsupported plastic film--are classified in U.S. Industry 326113, Unlaminated Plastics Film 

and Sheet (except Packaging) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing photographic sensitized paper--are classified in U.S. Industry 325992, Photographic Film, 

Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Printing on purchased packaging materials--are classified in Industry 32311, Printing, based on printing 

process used; 

 Manufacturing foil cookware, dinnerware, and other semi rigid metal containers--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing; 

 Making aluminum and aluminum foil--are classified in Industry 33131, Alumina and Aluminum 

Production and Processing; and 

 Cutting purchased aluminum foil into smaller lengths and widths--are classified in U.S. Industry 332999, 

All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing. 

32223 Stationery Product ManufacturingT 

 See industry description for 322230 below. 

322230 Stationery Product Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paper or paperboard into products used 

for writing, filing, art work, and similar applications. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Die-cut paper products for office use made from purchased paper or paperboard 

Envelopes (i.e., mailing, stationery) made from any material 

Stationery made from purchased paper 

Tablets (e.g., memo, note, writing) made from purchased paper 

Tapes (e.g., adding machines, calculator, cash register) made from purchased paper 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing die-cut paper and paperboard products other than office 

supplies are classified in U.S. Industry 322299, All Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing. 

32229 Other Converted Paper Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) converting paper and paperboard into products 

(except containers, bags, coated and treated paper and paperboard, and stationery products), or (2) converting pulp 

into pulp products, such as disposable diapers, or molded pulp egg cartons, food trays, and dishes. Processes used 

include laminating or lining purchased paper or paperboard. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Crepe paper made from purchased paper 

Die-cut paper products (except for office use) made from purchased paper or paperboard 

Molded pulp products (e.g., egg cartons, food containers, food trays) manufacturing 

Paper novelties made from purchased paper 

Sanitary products made from purchased sanitary paper stock 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing pulp from wood or from other materials--are classified in Industry 32211, Pulp Mills; 

 Manufacturing paper from pulp or making pulp and manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry 32212, 

Paper Mills; 

 Manufacturing paperboard from pulp or making pulp and manufacturing paperboard--are classified in 

Industry 32213, Paperboard Mills; 

 Manufacturing paperboard containers--are classified in Industry 32221, Paperboard Container 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing bags of coated, laminated, or uncoated paper, of metal foil, or combinations thereof--are 

classified in Industry 32222, Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing stationery and other related office supplies--are classified in Industry 32223, Stationery 

Product Manufacturing. 

322291 Sanitary Paper Product Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting purchased sanitary paper stock or 

wadding into sanitary paper products, such as facial tissues, handkerchiefs, table napkins, toilet paper, towels, 

disposable diapers, sanitary napkins, and tampons. 

322299 All Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paper or paperboard into products 

(except containers, bags, coated and treated paper, stationery products, and sanitary paper products) or converting 

pulp into pulp products, such as egg cartons, food trays, and other food containers from molded pulp. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Crepe paper made from purchased paper 

Die-cut paper products (except for office use) made from purchased paper or paperboard 

Molded pulp products (e.g., egg cartons, food containers, food trays) manufacturing 

Paper novelties made from purchased paper 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing pulp from wood or from other materials--are classified in Industry 322110, Pulp Mills; 
 Manufacturing paper from pulp or making pulp and manufacturing paper--are classified in Industry 32212, 

Paper Mills; 

 Manufacturing paperboard from pulp or making pulp and manufacturing paperboard--are classified in 

Industry 322130, Paperboard Mills; 

 Manufacturing paperboard containers--are classified in Industry 32221, Paperboard Container 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing bags of coated, laminated, or uncoated paper, of metal foil, or combinations thereof--are 

classified in Industry 322220, Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing stationery and other related office supplies--are classified in Industry 322230, Stationery 

Product Manufacturing. 

323 Printing and Related Support ActivitiesT 

 Industries in the Printing and Related Support Activities subsector print products, such as newspapers, books, 

labels, business cards, stationery, business forms, and other materials, and perform support activities, such as data 

imaging, platemaking services, and bookbinding. The support activities included here are an integral part of the 

printing industry, and a product (a printing plate, a bound book, or a computer disk or file) that is an integral part of 

the printing industry is almost always provided by these operations. 

 Processes used in printing include a variety of methods used to transfer an image from a plate, screen, film, or 

computer file to some medium, such as paper, plastics, metal, textile articles, or wood. The printing processes 

employed include, but are not limited to, lithographic, gravure, screen, flexographic, digital, and letterpress. 

 In contrast to many other classification systems that locate publishing of printed materials in manufacturing, 

NAICS classifies the publishing of printed products in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except Internet). 

Though printing and publishing are often carried out by the same enterprise (a newspaper, for example), it is less 

and less the case that these distinct activities are carried out in the same establishment. When publishing and 

printing are done in the same establishment, the establishment is classified in Sector 51, Information, in the 

appropriate NAICS industry even if the receipts for printing exceed those for publishing. 

 This subsector includes printing on clothing because the production process for that activity is printing, not 

clothing manufacturing. For instance, the printing of T-shirts is included in this subsector. In contrast, printing on 

fabric (or grey goods) is not included. This activity is part of the process of finishing the fabric and is included in 

the NAICS Textile Mills subsector in Industry 31331, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills. 

3231 Printing and Related Support ActivitiesT 

32311 PrintingT 

 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in printing on apparel and textile products, paper, metal, 

glass, plastics, and other materials, except fabric (grey goods). The printing processes employed include, but are not 

limited to, lithographic, gravure, screen, flexographic, digital, and letterpress. Establishments in this industry do not 

manufacture the stock that they print, but may perform postprinting activities, such as folding, cutting, or laminating 

the materials they print, and mailing. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing photocopying service on nondigital photocopy equipment without performing traditional printing 

activities--are classified in Industry 56143, Business Service Centers; 

 Printing on grey goods--are classified in Industry 31331, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills; 

 Printing and publishing, known as publishers--are classified in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except 

Internet); and 

 Performing prepress or postpress services without performing traditional printing activities--are classified 

in Industry 32312, Support Activities for Printing. 

323111 Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books) 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in commercial printing (except screen printing, 

books printing) without publishing (except grey goods printing). Printing processes used in this industry include 

lithographic, gravure, flexographic, letterpress, engraving, and various digital printing technologies. This industry 

includes establishments engaged in commercial printing on purchased stock materials, such as stationery, 

invitations, labels, and similar items, on a job order basis. Establishments primarily engaged in traditional printing 

activities combined with document photocopying services (i.e., quick printers) or primarily engaged in printing 

graphical materials using digital printing equipment are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Screen printing on purchased stock materials (except books, grey goods, and manifold business forms)--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 323113, Commercial Screen Printing; 

 Printing on grey goods--are classified in Industry 313310, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills; 

 Printing books and pamphlets--are classified in U.S. Industry 323117, Books Printing; 

 Manufacturing printed stationery, invitations, labels, and similar items--are classified in Subsector 322, 

Paper Manufacturing; 

 Providing photocopying service on photocopy equipment without performing traditional printing activities-

-are classified in U.S. Industry 561439, Other Business Service Centers (including Copy Shops); and 

 Printing and publishing, known as publishers--are classified in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except 

Internet).

323113 Commercial Screen Printing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in screen printing without publishing (except 

books, grey goods, and manifold business forms). This industry includes establishments engaged in screen printing 

on purchased stock materials, such as stationery, invitations, labels, and similar items, on a job order basis. 

Establishments primarily engaged in printing on apparel and textile products, such as T-shirts, caps, jackets, towels, 

and napkins, are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Printing on grey goods--are classified in Industry 313310, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills; 

 Printing books and pamphlets--are classified in U.S. Industry 323117, Books Printing; 

 Printing manifold business forms including checkbooks--are classified in U.S. Industry 323111, 

Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books); 

 Manufacturing printed stationery, invitations, labels, and similar items--are classified in Subsector 322, 

Paper Manufacturing; and 

 Printing and publishing, known as publishers--are classified in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except 

Internet). 

323117 Books Printing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in printing or printing and binding books and 

pamphlets without publishing. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Printing and publishing, known as publishers--are classified in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except 

Internet); and 

 Binding books without printing in the same establishment--are classified in Industry 323120, Support 

Activities for Printing. 

32312 Support Activities for PrintingT 

 See industry description for 323120 below. 
323120 Support Activities for Printing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing prepress and postpress services in 

support of printing activities. Prepress services may include such things as platemaking, typesetting, tradebinding, 

and sample mounting. Postpress services include such things as book or paper bronzing, die-cutting, edging, 

embossing, folding, gilding, gluing, and indexing. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Engraving of the type done on metal--are classified in U.S. Industry 332812, Metal Coating, Engraving 

(except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; 

 Manufacturing photosensitive plates for printing--are classified in U.S. Industry 325992, Photographic 

Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing blank plates (except photosensitive plates) for printing--are classified in U.S. Industry 

333244, Printing Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Printing books or printing and binding books--are classified in U.S. Industry 323117, Books Printing. 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products ManufacturingT 

 The Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing subsector is based on the transformation of crude petroleum and 

coal into usable products. The dominant process is petroleum refining that involves the separation of crude 

petroleum into component products through such techniques as cracking and distillation. 

 In addition, this subsector includes establishments that primarily further process refined petroleum and coal 

products and produce products, such as asphalt coatings and petroleum lubricating oils. However, establishments 

that manufacture petrochemicals from refined petroleum are classified in Industry 32511, Petrochemical 

Manufacturing. 

3241 Petroleum and Coal Products ManufacturingT 

32411 Petroleum RefineriesT 

See industry description for 324110 below. 

324110 Petroleum Refineries

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in refining crude petroleum into refined petroleum. 

Petroleum refining involves one or more of the following activities: (1) fractionation; (2) straight distillation of 

crude oil; and (3) cracking. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing asphalt paving, roofing, and saturated materials from refined petroleum--are classified in 

Industry 32412, Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Saturated Materials Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing paper mats and felts and saturating them with asphalt or tar into rolls and sheets--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 322121, Paper (except Newsprint) Mills; 

 Blending or compounding refined petroleum to make lubricating oils and greases and/or re-refining used 

petroleum lubricating oils--are classified in U.S. Industry 324191, Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing synthetic lubricating oils and greases--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other 

Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; 

 Recovering natural gasoline and/or liquid hydrocarbons from oil and gas field gases--are classified in 

Industry 21111, Oil and Gas Extraction; 

 Manufacturing acyclic and cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., petrochemicals) from refined petroleum or 

liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 325110, Petrochemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing cyclic and acyclic chemicals (except petrochemicals)--are classified in Industry 32519, 

Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing coke oven products in steel mills--are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills 

and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing coke oven products in coke oven establishments--are classified in U.S. Industry 324199, All 

Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing. 

32412 Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Saturated Materials ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing asphalt and tar paving mixtures 

and blocks and roofing cements and coatings from purchased asphaltic materials and/or (2) saturating purchased 

mats and felts with asphalt or tar from purchased asphaltic materials. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Refining crude petroleum and manufacturing asphalt and tar paving, roofing, and saturated materials--are 

classified in Industry 32411, Petroleum Refineries; and 

 Manufacturing paper mats and felts and saturating them with asphalt or tar--are classified in Industry 

32212, Paper Mills. 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing asphalt and tar paving mixtures 

and blocks from purchased asphaltic materials. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in refining crude petroleum and manufacturing asphalt and tar paving mixtures 

and blocks are classified in Industry 324110, Petroleum Refineries. 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) saturating purchased mats and felts with 

asphalt or tar from purchased asphaltic materials and (2) manufacturing asphalt and tar and roofing cements and 

coatings from purchased asphaltic materials. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Refining crude petroleum and saturating purchased mats and felts with asphalt or tar into rolls and sheets 

and/or refining crude petroleum and manufacturing asphalt and tar roofing cements and coatings--are 

classified in Industry 324110, Petroleum Refineries; and 

 Manufacturing paper mats and felts and saturating them with asphalt or tar into rolls and sheets--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 322121, Paper (except Newsprint) Mills. 

32419 Other Petroleum and Coal Products ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing petroleum products (except asphalt 

paving, roofing and saturated materials) from refined petroleum or coal products made in coke ovens not integrated 

with a steel mill. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Coke oven products (e.g., coke, gases, tars) made in coke oven establishments 

Petroleum brake fluids made from refined petroleum 

Petroleum briquettes made from refined petroleum 

Petroleum jelly made from refined petroleum 

Petroleum lubricating oils and greases made from refined petroleum 
Petroleum waxes made from refined petroleum 

Re-refined used petroleum lubricating oils 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing petroleum products by refining crude petroleum--are classified in Industry 32411, 

Petroleum Refineries; 

 Manufacturing asphalt and tar paving, roofing, and saturated materials from refined petroleum--are 

classified in Industry 32412, Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Saturated Materials Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing coke oven products in steel mills--are classified in Industry 33111, Iron and Steel Mills and 

Ferroalloy Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing acyclic and cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., petrochemicals) from refined petroleum or 

liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 32511, Petrochemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing cyclic and acyclic organic chemicals (except petrochemicals)--are classified in Industry 

32519, Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing synthetic lubricating oils and greases--are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical 

Product and Preparation Manufacturing. 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in blending or compounding refined petroleum to 

make lubricating oils and greases and/or re-refining used petroleum lubricating oils. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Refining crude petroleum and manufacturing lubricating oils and greases--are classified in Industry 

324110, Petroleum Refineries; and 

 Manufacturing synthetic lubricating oils and greases--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other 

Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing. 

324199 All Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing petroleum products (except 

asphalt paving, roofing, and saturated materials and lubricating oils and greases) from refined petroleum and coal 

products made in coke ovens not integrated with a steel mill. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Coke oven products (e.g., coke, gases, tars) made in coke oven establishments 

Petroleum briquettes made from refined petroleum 

Petroleum jelly made from refined petroleum 

Petroleum waxes made from refined petroleum 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing petroleum products by refining crude petroleum--are classified in Industry 324110, 

Petroleum Refineries; 

 Manufacturing asphalt paving and roofing materials from refined petroleum--are classified in Industry 

32412, Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Saturated Materials Manufacturing; 

 Blending and compounding petroleum lubricating oils and greases and/or re-refining used petroleum 

lubrication oils and greases--are classified in U.S. Industry 324191, Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing coke oven products in steel mills--are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills 

and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing acyclic and cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., petrochemicals) from refined petroleum or 

liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 325110, Petrochemical Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing cyclic and acyclic organic chemicals (except petrochemicals)--are classified in Industry 

32519, Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing. 

325 Chemical ManufacturingT 

 The Chemical Manufacturing subsector is based on the transformation of organic and inorganic raw materials by a 

chemical process and the formulation of products. This subsector distinguishes the production of basic chemicals 

that comprise the first industry group from the production of intermediate and end products produced by further 

processing of basic chemicals that make up the remaining industry groups. 

 This subsector does not include all industries transforming raw materials by a chemical process. It is common for 

some chemical processing to occur during mining operations. These beneficiating operations, such as copper 

concentrating, are classified in Sector 21, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction. Furthermore, the refining 

of crude petroleum is included in Subsector 324, Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing. In addition, the 

manufacturing of aluminum oxide is included in Subsector 331, Primary Metal Manufacturing; and beverage 

distilleries are classified in Subsector 312, Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing. As is the case of these 

two activities, the grouping of industries into subsectors may take into account the association of the activities 

performed with other activities in the subsector. 

3251 Basic Chemical ManufacturingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing chemicals using basic 

processes, such as thermal cracking and distillation. Chemicals manufactured in this industry group are usually 

separate chemical elements or separate chemically-defined compounds. 

32511 Petrochemical ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 325110 below. 

325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing acyclic (i.e., aliphatic) 

hydrocarbons such as ethylene, propylene, and butylene made from refined petroleum or liquid hydrocarbons and/or 

(2) manufacturing cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, styrene, xylene, ethyl benzene, and 

cumene made from refined petroleum or liquid hydrocarbons. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing petrochemicals by refining crude petroleum--are classified in Industry 324110, Petroleum 

Refineries; 

 Manufacturing acetylene--are classified in Industry 325120, Industrial Gas Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing basic organic chemicals (except petrochemicals)--are classified in Industry 32519, Other 

Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; and 

 Recovering liquid hydrocarbons from oil and gas field gases--are classified in Industry 21111, Oil and Gas 

Extraction. 

32512 Industrial Gas ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 325120 below. 

325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial organic and inorganic gases 

in compressed, liquid, and solid forms. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing chlorine gas--are classified in Industry 325180, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing ethane and butane gases made from refined petroleum or liquid hydrocarbons--are classified 

in Industry 325110, Petrochemical Manufacturing. 

32513 Synthetic Dye and Pigment ManufacturingT 

 See industry description for 325130 below. 

325130 Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing synthetic organic and inorganic dyes 

and pigments, such as lakes and toners (except electrostatic and photographic). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing natural food colorings--are classified in Industry 311930, Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing natural organic colorings for nonfood uses (except wood byproducts)--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 325199, All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electrostatic and photographic toners--are classified in U.S. Industry 325992, Photographic 

Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing wood byproducts used as dyeing materials--are classified in U.S. Industry 325194, Cyclic 

Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing carbon, bone, and lamp black--are classified in Industry 325180, Other Basic Inorganic 

Chemical Manufacturing. 

32518 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical ManufacturingT 

 See industry description for 325180 below. 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing basic inorganic chemicals (except 

industrial gases and synthetic dyes and pigments). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Alkalies manufacturing 

Aluminum compounds, not specified elsewhere by process, manufacturing 

Carbides (e.g., baron, calcium, silium, tungsten) manufacturing 

Carbon black manufacturing 

Chlorine manufacturing 

Hydrochloric acid manufacturing 

Potassium inorganic compounds, not specified elsewhere by process, manufacturing 

Radioactive isotopes manufacturing 

Sulfides and sulfites manufacturing 

Sulfuric acid manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing industrial gases--are classified in Industry 325120, Industrial Gas Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing inorganic dyes and pigments--are classified in Industry 325130, Synthetic Dye and Pigment 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing household bleaches--are classified in U.S. Industry 325612, Polish and Other Sanitation 

Good Manufacturing; 
 Mining and/or beneficiating alkalies--are classified in U.S. Industry 212391, Potash, Soda, and Borate 

Mineral Mining; 

 Manufacturing chlorine preparations (e.g., for swimming pools)--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All 

Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing nitrogenous and phosphoric fertilizers and fertilizer materials--are classified in Industry 

32531, Fertilizer Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing aluminum oxide (alumina)--are classified in U.S. Industry 331313, Alumina Refining and 

Primary Aluminum Production; 

 Manufacturing inorganic insecticidal, herbicidal, fungicidal and pesticidal preparations--are classified in 

Industry 325320, Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing photographic chemicals--are classified in U.S. Industry 325992, Photographic Film, Paper, 

Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing. 

32519 Other Basic Organic Chemical ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing basic organic chemicals (except 

petrochemicals, industrial gases, and synthetic dyes and pigments). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Carbon organic compounds, not specified elsewhere by process, manufacturing 

Cyclic intermediates made from refined petroleum or natural gas 

Enzyme proteins (i.e., basic synthetic chemicals) (except pharmaceutical use) manufacturing 

Fatty acids (e.g., margaric, oleic, stearic) manufacturing 

Gum and wood chemicals manufacturing 

Organo-inorganic compound manufacturing 

Plasticizers (i.e., basic synthetic chemical) manufacturing 

Silicone (except resins) manufacturing 

Synthetic sweeteners (i.e., sweetening agents) manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing petrochemicals from refined petroleum or liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 

32511, Petrochemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing petrochemicals by refining crude petroleum--are classified in Industry 32411, Petroleum 

Refineries; 

 Manufacturing organic industrial gases--are classified in Industry 32512, Industrial Gas Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing synthetic organic dyes and pigments--are classified in Industry 32513, Synthetic Dye and 

Pigment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing natural glycerin--are classified in Industry 32561, Soap and Cleaning Compound 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing activated charcoal--are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and 

Preparation Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing organic insecticidal, herbicidal, fungicidal, and pesticidal preparations--are classified in 

Industry 32532, Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing elastomers--are classified in Industry 32521, Resin and Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing urea--are classified in Industry 32531, Fertilizer Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing coal tar crudes in integrated steel mills with coke ovens--are classified in Industry 33111, 

Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing coal tar crudes in coke ovens not integrated with steel mills and fuel briquettes from refined 

petroleum--are classified in Industry 32419, Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing natural food colorings--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing 

Manufacturing. 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonpotable ethyl alcohol. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Distilling liquors (except brandy)--are classified in Industry 312140, Distilleries; and 

 Manufacturing brandies--are classified in Industry 312130, Wineries. 

325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) distilling 

wood or gum into products, such as tall oil and wood distillates; (2) distilling coal tars; (3) manufacturing wood or 

gum chemicals, such as naval stores, natural tanning materials, charcoal briquettes, and charcoal (expect activated); 

and (4) manufacturing cyclic crudes or cyclic intermediates (i.e., hydrocarbons, except aromatic petrochemicals) 

from refined petroleum or natural gas. 

Cross-references. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing cyclic chemicals (except aromatic and intermediates)--are classified in U.S. Industry 

325199, All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing aromatic petrochemicals from refined petroleum or natural gas--are classified in Industry 

325110, Petrochemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing aromatic petrochemicals by refining crude petroleum--are classified in Industry 324110, 

Petroleum Refineries; 

 Manufacturing coal tar crudes in steel mills with coke ovens--are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and 

Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing fuel briquettes from refined petroleum--are classified in U.S. Industry 324199, All Other 

Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing activated charcoal--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous 

Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing. 

325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing basic organic chemical products 

(except aromatic petrochemicals, industrial gases, synthetic organic dyes and pigments, gum and wood chemicals, 

cyclic crudes and intermediates, and ethyl alcohol). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Calcium organic compounds, not specified elsewhere by process, manufacturing 

Carbon organic compounds, not specified elsewhere by process, manufacturing 

Enzyme proteins (i.e., basic synthetic chemicals) (except pharmaceutical use) manufacturing 

Fatty acids (e.g., margaric, oleic, stearic) manufacturing 

Organo-inorganic compound manufacturing 

Plasticizers (i.e., basic synthetic chemical) manufacturing 

Silicone (except resins) manufacturing 

Synthetic sweeteners (i.e., sweetening agents) manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing aromatic petrochemicals from refined petroleum or natural gas--are classified in Industry 

325110, Petrochemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing aromatic petrochemicals by refining crude petroleum--are classified in Industry 324110, 

Petroleum Refineries; 

 Manufacturing organic industrial gases--are classified in Industry 325120, Industrial Gas Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing synthetic organic dyes and pigments--are classified in Industry 325130, Synthetic Dye and 

Pigment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing ethyl alcohol--are classified in U.S. Industry 325193, Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing organic insecticidal, herbicidal, fungicidal, and pesticidal preparations--are classified in 

Industry 325320, Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing elastomers--are classified in Industry 32521, Resin and Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing urea--are classified in U.S. Industry 325311, Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing natural glycerin--are classified in U.S. Industry 325611, Soap and Other Detergent 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing natural food colorings--are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract 

Manufacturing. 

3252 Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial Synthetic Fibers and Filaments ManufacturingT 

32521 Resin and Synthetic Rubber ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

synthetic resins, plastics materials, and nonvulcanizable elastomers and mixing and blending resins on a custom 

basis; (2) manufacturing noncustomized synthetic resins; and (3) manufacturing synthetic rubber. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing plastics resins and converting resins into plastics products--are classified in Industry Group 

3261, Plastics Product Manufacturing; 

 Processing natural, synthetic, or reclaimed rubber into intermediate or final products--are classified in 

Industry Group 3262, Rubber Product Manufacturing; 

 Custom compounding resins made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product 

and Preparation Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing resin adhesives--are classified in Industry 32552, Adhesive Manufacturing. 

325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing resins, plastics materials, and 

nonvulcanizable thermoplastic elastomers and mixing and blending resins on a custom basis and/or (2) 

manufacturing noncustomized synthetic resins. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing plastics resins and converting the resins into plastics products--are classified in Industry 

Group 3261, Plastics Product Manufacturing; 

 Custom compounding resins made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 325991, Custom 

Compounding of Purchased Resins; and 

 Manufacturing plastics adhesives--are classified in Industry 325520, Adhesive Manufacturing. 

325212 Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry consists of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing synthetic rubber. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Processing natural, synthetic, or reclaimed rubber into intermediate or final products (except adhesives)--

are classified in Industry Group 3262, Rubber Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing rubber adhesives--are classified in Industry 325520, Adhesive Manufacturing. 

32522 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments ManufacturingT 
 See industry description for 325220 below. 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing cellulosic (e.g., rayon, acetate) and 

noncellulosic (e.g., nylon, polyolefin, polyester) fibers and filaments in the form of monofilament, filament yarn, 

staple, or tow or (2) manufacturing and texturing cellulosic and noncellulosic fibers and filaments. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Texturizing cellulosic and noncellulosic fiber and filament made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 

313110, Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills; and 

 Manufacturing textile glass fibers--are classified in U.S. Industry 327212, Other Pressed and Blown Glass 

and Glassware Manufacturing. 

3253 Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical ManufacturingT 

32531 Fertilizer ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

nitrogenous or phosphatic fertilizer materials; (2) manufacturing fertilizers from sewage or animal waste; (3) 

manufacturing nitrogenous or phosphatic materials and mixing with other ingredients into fertilizers; and (4) mixing 

ingredients made elsewhere into fertilizers. 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

nitrogenous fertilizer materials and mixing ingredients into fertilizers; (2) manufacturing fertilizers from sewage or 

animal waste; and (3) manufacturing nitrogenous materials and mixing them into fertilizers. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in mixing ingredients made elsewhere into nitrogenous fertilizers are classified 

in U.S. Industry 325314, Fertilizer (Mixing Only) Manufacturing. 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizer Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing phosphatic fertilizer materials 

or (2) manufacturing phosphatic materials and mixing them into fertilizers. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in mixing ingredients made elsewhere into phosphatic fertilizers are classified 

in U.S. Industry 325314, Fertilizer (Mixing Only) Manufacturing. 

325314 Fertilizer (Mixing Only) Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in mixing ingredients made elsewhere into 

fertilizers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing nitrogenous fertilizer materials or fertilizer materials from sewage or animal waste and 

mixing these ingredients into nitrogenous fertilizers--are classified in U.S. Industry 325311, Nitrogenous 

Fertilizer Manufacturing; and 
 Manufacturing phosphatic fertilizer materials and mixing ingredients into fertilizers--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 325312, Phosphatic Fertilizer Manufacturing. 

32532 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 325320 below. 

325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the formulation and preparation of agricultural and 

household pest control chemicals (except fertilizers). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing basic chemicals requiring further processing before use as agriculture chemicals--are 

classified in Industry Group 3251, Basic Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing fertilizers--are classified in Industry 32531, Fertilizer Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing agricultural lime products--are classified in Industry 327410, Lime Manufacturing. 

3254 Pharmaceutical and Medicine ManufacturingT 

32541 Pharmaceutical and Medicine ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

biological and medicinal products; (2) processing (i.e., grading, grinding, and milling) botanical drugs and herbs; (3) 

isolating active medicinal principals from botanical drugs and herbs; and (4) manufacturing pharmaceutical products 

intended for internal and external consumption in such forms as ampoules, tablets, capsules, vials, ointments, 

powders, solutions, and suspensions. 

325411 Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing uncompounded medicinal 

chemicals and their derivatives (i.e., generally for use by pharmaceutical preparation manufacturers) and/or (2) 

grading, grinding, and milling uncompounded botanicals. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing packaged compounded medicinals and botanicals--are classified in U.S. Industry 325412, 

Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing vaccines, toxoids, blood fractions, and culture media of plant or animal origin (except for 

diagnostic use)--are classified in U.S. Industry 325414, Biological Product (except Diagnostic) 

Manufacturing. 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing in-vivo diagnostic substances 

and pharmaceutical preparations (except biological) intended for internal and external consumption in dose forms, 

such as ampoules, tablets, capsules, vials, ointments, powders, solutions, and suspensions. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing uncompounded medicinal chemicals and their derivatives--are classified in U.S. Industry 

325411, Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing in-vitro diagnostic substances--are classified in U.S. Industry 325413, In-Vitro Diagnostic 

Substance Manufacturing; and 
 Manufacturing vaccines, toxoids, blood fractions, and culture media of plant or animal origin (except for 

diagnostic use)--are classified in U.S. Industry 325414, Biological Product (except Diagnostic) 

Manufacturing. 

325413 In-Vitro Diagnostic Substance Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing in-vitro (i.e., not taken 

internally) diagnostic substances, such as chemical, biological, or radioactive substances. The substances are used 

for diagnostic tests that are performed in test tubes, petri dishes, machines, and other diagnostic test-type devices. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing in-vivo diagnostic substances are classified in U.S. Industry 

325412, Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing. 

325414 Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing vaccines, toxoids, blood 

fractions, and culture media of plant or animal origin (except diagnostic). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing in-vitro diagnostic substances--are classified in U.S. Industry 325413, In-Vitro Diagnostic 

Substance Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing pharmaceutical preparations (except biological and in-vitro diagnostic substances)--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 325412, Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing. 

3255 Paint, Coating, and Adhesive ManufacturingT 

32551 Paint and Coating ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 325510 below. 

325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) mixing pigments, solvents, and binders into 

paints and other coatings, such as stains, varnishes, lacquers, enamels, shellacs, and water repellant coatings for 

concrete and masonry, and/or (2) manufacturing allied paint products, such as putties, paint and varnish removers, 

paint brush cleaners, and frit. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing creosote--are classified in Industry 32519, Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing caulking compounds and sealants--are classified in Industry 325520, Adhesive 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing artists' paints--are classified in Industry 339940, Office Supplies (except Paper) 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing turpentine--are classified in U.S. Industry 325194, Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum 

and Wood Chemical Manufacturing. 

32552 Adhesive ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 325520 below. 

325520 Adhesive Manufacturing
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing adhesives, glues, and caulking 

compounds. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing asphalt and tar roofing cements from purchased asphaltic materials--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 324122, Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing gypsum based caulking compounds--are classified in Industry 327420, Gypsum Product 

Manufacturing. 

3256 Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation ManufacturingT 

32561 Soap and Cleaning Compound ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and packaging soap and other 

cleaning compounds, surface active agents, and textile and leather finishing agents used to reduce tension or speed 

the drying process. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing synthetic glycerin--are classified in Industry 32519, Other Basic Organic Chemical 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing industrial bleaches--are classified in Industry 32518, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing shampoos and shaving preparations--are classified in Industry 32562, Toilet Preparation 

Manufacturing. 

325611 Soap and Other Detergent Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and packaging soaps and other 

detergents, such as laundry detergents; dishwashing detergents; toothpaste gels, and tooth powders; and natural 

glycerin. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing synthetic glycerin--are classified in U.S. Industry 325199, All Other Basic Organic 

Chemical Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing shampoos and shaving preparations--are classified in Industry 325620, Toilet Preparation 

Manufacturing. 

325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and packaging polishes and 

specialty cleaning preparations. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing chlorine dioxide (i.e., industrial bleaching agent) are classified 

in Industry 325180, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing. 

325613 Surface Active Agent Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing bulk surface active agents for 

use as wetting agents, emulsifiers, and penetrants, and/or (2) manufacturing textiles and leather finishing agents used 

to reduce tension or speed the drying process. 
32562 Toilet Preparation ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 325620 below. 

325620 Toilet Preparation Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in preparing, blending, compounding, and packaging 

toilet preparations, such as perfumes, shaving preparations, hair preparations, face creams, lotions (including 

sunscreens), and other cosmetic preparations. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing toothpaste are classified in U.S. Industry 325611, Soap and 

Other Detergent Manufacturing. 

3259 Other Chemical Product and Preparation ManufacturingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing chemical products (except basic 

chemicals; resins, synthetic rubber, cellulosic and noncellulosic fibers and filaments; pesticides, fertilizers, and other 

agricultural chemicals; pharmaceuticals and medicines; paints, coatings, and adhesives; soaps and cleaning 

compounds; and toilet preparations). 

32591 Printing Ink ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 325910 below. 

325910 Printing Ink Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing printing and inkjet inks and inkjet 

cartridges. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Recycling inkjet cartridges--are classified in U.S. Industry 811212, Computer and Office Machine Repair 

and Maintenance; 

 Manufacturing writing, drawing, and stamping ink--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other 

Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing toners and toner cartridges for photocopiers, fax machines, computer printers, and similar 

office machines--are classified in U.S. Industry 325992, Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical 

Manufacturing. 

32592 Explosives ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 325920 below. 

325920 Explosives Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing explosives. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing ammunition, ammunition detonators, and percussion caps--are classified in U.S. Industry 

332992, Small Arms Ammunition Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing pyrotechnics--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical 

Product and Preparation Manufacturing. 

32599 All Other Chemical Product and Preparation ManufacturingT 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing chemical products (except basic 

chemicals, resins, and synthetic rubber; cellulosic and noncellulosic fibers and filaments; pesticides, fertilizers, and 

other agricultural chemicals; pharmaceuticals and medicines; paints, coatings, and adhesives; and soaps, cleaning 

compounds, and toilet preparations; printing inks; and explosives). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Activated carbon and charcoal manufacturing 

Antifreeze preparations manufacturing 

Custom compounding (i.e., blending and mixing) of purchased plastics resins 

Industrial salt manufacturing 

Matches and matchbook manufacturing 

Photographic chemicals manufacturing 

Pyrotechnics (e.g., flares, flashlight bombs, signals) manufacturing 

Sugar substitutes (i.e., synthetic sweeteners blended with other ingredients) made from purchased synthetic 

sweeteners 

Swimming pool chemical preparations manufacturing 

Writing inks and fluids manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing basic chemicals--are classified in Industry Group 3251, Basic Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing resins, synthetic rubber, and artificial synthetic fibers and filaments--are classified in 

Industry Group 3252, Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing pesticides, fertilizers, and other agricultural chemicals--are classified in Industry Group 

3253, Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing pharmaceuticals and medicine including medicinal vegetable gelatin (i.e., agar-agar)--are 

classified in Industry Group 3254, Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing paints, coatings, and adhesives--are classified in Industry Group 3255, Paint, Coating, and 

Adhesive Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing soaps and cleaning compounds--are classified in Industry Group 3256, Soap, Cleaning 

Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing printing and inkjet inks--are classified in Industry 32591, Printing Ink Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing explosives--are classified in Industry 32592, Explosives Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing photographic paper stock (i.e., unsensitized) and paper mats, mounts, easels, and folders for 

photographic use--are classified in Subsector 322, Paper Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing dessert gelatins--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing medicinal gelatins--are classified in Industry 32541, Pharmaceutical and Medicine 

Manufacturing. 

325991 Custom Compounding of Purchased Resins 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) custom mixing and blending plastics resins 

made elsewhere or (2) reformulating plastics resins from recycled plastics products. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing synthetic resins and custom mixing and blending resins are 

classified in U.S. Industry 325211, Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing. 

325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing sensitized film, sensitized paper, 

sensitized cloth, sensitized plates, toners (i.e., for photocopiers, laser printers, and similar electrostatic printing 

devices), toner cartridges, and photographic chemicals. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing photographic paper stock (i.e., unsensitized) and paper mats, 

mounts, easels, and folders for photographic use are classified in Subsector 322, Paper Manufacturing. 

325998 All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing chemical products (except basic 

chemicals, resins, synthetic rubber; cellulosic and noncellulosic fiber and filaments; pesticides, fertilizers, and other 

agricultural chemicals; pharmaceuticals and medicines; paints, coatings and adhesives; soap, cleaning compounds, 

and toilet preparations; printing inks; explosives; custom compounding of purchased resins; and photographic films, 

papers, plates, and chemicals). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Activated carbon and charcoal manufacturing 

Antifreeze preparations manufacturing 

Industrial salt manufacturing 

Lighter fluids (e.g., charcoal, cigarette) manufacturing 

Matches and matchbook manufacturing 

Pyrotechnics (e.g., flares, flashlight bombs, signals) manufacturing 

Sugar substitutes (i.e., synthetic sweeteners blended with other ingredients) made from purchased synthetic 

sweeteners manufacturing 

Swimming pool chemical preparations manufacturing 

Writing inks manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing basic chemicals--are classified in Industry Group 3251, Basic Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing resins, synthetic rubber, and artificial synthetic fibers and filaments--are classified in 

Industry Group 3252, Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing pesticides, fertilizers, and other agricultural chemicals--are classified in Industry Group 

3253, Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing pharmaceuticals and medicines including medicinal vegetable gelatin (i.e., agar-agar)--are 

classified in Industry Group 3254, Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing paints, coatings, and adhesives--are classified in Industry Group 3255, Paint, Coating, and 

Adhesive Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing soaps and cleaning compounds--are classified in Industry Group 3256, Soap, Cleaning 

Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing printing and inkjet inks--are classified in Industry 325910, Printing Ink Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing explosives--are classified in Industry 325920, Explosives Manufacturing; 

 Custom compounding purchased plastics resins--are classified in U.S. Industry 325991, Custom 

Compounding of Purchased Resins; 

 Manufacturing photographic films, papers, plates, and chemicals--are classified in U.S. Industry 325992, 

Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing dessert gelatin--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food 

Manufacturing. 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products ManufacturingT

 
 Industries in the Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing subsector make goods by processing plastics 

materials and raw rubber. The core technology employed by establishments in this subsector is that of plastics or 

rubber product production. Plastics and rubber are combined in the same subsector because plastics are increasingly 

being used as a substitute for rubber; however the subsector is generally restricted to the production of products 

made of just one material, either solely plastics or rubber. 

 Many manufacturing activities use plastics or rubber, for example the manufacture of footwear, or furniture. 

Typically, the production process of these products involves more than one material. In these cases, technologies 

that allow disparate materials to be formed and combined are of central importance in describing the manufacturing 

activity. In NAICS, such activities (the footwear and furniture manufacturing) are not classified in the Plastics and 

Rubber Products Manufacturing subsector because the core technologies for these activities are diverse and involve 

multiple materials. 

 Within the Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing subsector, a distinction is made between plastics and 

rubber products at the industry group level, although it is not a rigid distinction, as can be seen from the definition of 

Industry 32622, Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manufacturing. As materials technology progresses, plastics 

are increasingly being used as a substitute for rubber; and eventually, the distinction may disappear as a basis for 

establishment classification. 

 In keeping with the core technology focus of plastics, lamination of plastics film to plastics film as well as the 

production of bags from plastics only is classified in this subsector. Lamination and bag production involving 

plastics and materials other than plastics are classified in the NAICS Subsector 322, Paper Manufacturing. 

3261 Plastics Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in processing new or spent (i.e., recycled) 

plastics resins into intermediate or final products, using such processes as compression molding; extrusion molding; 

injection molding; blow molding; and casting. Within most of these industries, the production process is such that a 

wide variety of products can be made. 

32611 Plastics Packaging Materials and Unlaminated Film and Sheet ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) converting plastics resins into unsupported 

plastics film and sheet and/or (2) forming, coating or laminating plastics film and sheet into plastics bags. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Laminating plastics sheet (except for packaging)--are classified in Industry 32613, Laminated Plastics 

Plate, Sheet (except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics blister and bubble packaging--are classified in Industry 32619, Other Plastics 

Product Manufacturing; and 

 Coating or laminating combinations of plastics, foils and paper (except plastics film to plastics film) into 

film, sheet or bags--are classified in Industry 32222, Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper 

Manufacturing. 

326111 Plastics Bag and Pouch Manufacturing 

 This U.S. Industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in: (1) converting plastics resins into plastics bags 

or pouches, and/or (2) forming, coating, or laminating plastics film or sheet into single web or multi-web plastics 

bags or pouches. Establishments in this industry may print on the bags or pouches they manufacture. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing laminated or coated combinations of plastics, foils, and paper (except plastics film to 

plastics film) materials into single wall or multiwall bags--are classified in Industry 322220, Paper Bag and 

Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing; and 

 Printing on purchased packaging materials--are classified in Industry Group 3231, Printing and Related 

Support Activities, based on the printing process used. 
326112 Plastics Packaging Film and Sheet (including Laminated) Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting plastics resins into plastics 

packaging (flexible) film and packaging sheet. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Converting plastics resins into plastics film and unlaminated sheet (except packaging)--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 326113, Unlaminated Plastics Film and Sheet (except Packaging) Manufacturing; 

 Laminating or coating combinations of plastics, foils, and paper (except plastics film to plastics film) film 

and sheet--are classified in Industry 322220, Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing; 

 Laminating plastics sheet (except for packaging)--are classified in Industry 326130, Laminated Plastics 

Plate, Sheet (except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing plastics bags--are classified in U.S. Industry 326111, Plastics Bag and Pouch 

Manufacturing. 

326113 Unlaminated Plastics Film and Sheet (except Packaging) Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting plastics resins into plastics film and 

unlaminated sheet (except packaging). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Converting plastics resins into plastics packaging film and unlaminated packaging sheet--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 326112, Plastics Packaging Film and Sheet (including Laminated) Manufacturing; 

 Laminating plastics sheet (except for packaging)--are classified in Industry 326130, Laminated Plastics 

Plate, Sheet (except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing; 

 Laminating or coating a combination of plastics, foils, and paper (except plastics film to plastics film) film 

and sheet, packaging or nonpackaging--are classified in Industry 322220, Paper Bag and Coated and 

Treated Paper Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing plastics bags--are classified in U.S. Industry 326111, Plastics Bag and Pouch 

Manufacturing. 

32612 Plastics Pipe, Pipe Fitting, and Unlaminated Profile Shape ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics pipes and pipe fittings, and 

plastics profile shapes such as rod, tube, and sausage casings. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing plastics hose--are classified in Industry 32622, Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing noncurrent carrying plastics conduit--are classified in Industry 33593, Wiring Device 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics plumbing fixtures--are classified in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing plastics film, plastics unlaminated sheet, and plastics bags--are classified in Industry 32611, 

Plastics Packaging Materials and Unlaminated Film and Sheet Manufacturing. 

326121 Unlaminated Plastics Profile Shape Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting plastics resins into nonrigid plastics 

profile shapes (except film, sheet, and bags), such as rod, tube, and sausage casings. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing plastics film, plastics unlaminated sheet, and plastics bags--are classified in Industry 32611, 

Plastics Packaging Materials and Unlaminated Film and Sheet Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing plastics hoses--are classified in Industry 326220, Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting 

Manufacturing. 

326122 Plastics Pipe and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting plastics resins into rigid plastics 

pipes and pipe fittings. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing plastics hose--are classified in Industry 326220, Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing noncurrent-carrying plastics conduit--are classified in U.S. Industry 335932, NoncurrentCarrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing plastics plumbing fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 326191, Plastics Plumbing 

Fixture Manufacturing. 

32613 Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet (except Packaging), and Shape ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 326130 below. 

326130 Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet (except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in laminating plastics profile shapes such as plate, sheet 

(except packaging), and rod. The lamination process generally involves bonding or impregnating profiles with 

plastics resins and compressing them under heat. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing plastics film, plastics unlaminated sheet, and plastics bags--are classified in Industry 32611, 

Plastics Packaging Materials and Unlaminated Film and Sheet Manufacturing; and 

 Coating or laminating nonplastics film, sheet, or bags with plastics--are classified in Industry 322220, 

Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing. 

32614 Polystyrene Foam Product ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 326140 below. 

326140 Polystyrene Foam Product Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing polystyrene foam products. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics foam products (except polystyrene) are classified in 

Industry 326150, Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing. 

32615 Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Polystyrene) ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 326150 below. 

326150 Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics foam products (except 

polystyrene). 
Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing polystyrene foam products are classified in Industry 326140, 

Polystyrene Foam Product Manufacturing. 

32616 Plastics Bottle ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 326160 below. 

326160 Plastics Bottle Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics bottles. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics containers (except bottles) are classified in U.S. 

Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing. 

32619 Other Plastics Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics plumbing fixtures and other 

plastics products (except film, sheet, bags, profile shapes, pipes, pipe fittings, laminates, foam products, and bottles). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Inflatable plastics swimming pool rafts and similar flotation devices manufacturing 

Plastics bowls and bowl covers manufacturing 

Plastics cups (except foam) manufacturing 

Plastics dinnerware (except foam) manufacturing 

Plastics gloves manufacturing 

Plastics hardware manufacturing 

Plastics or fiberglass plumbing fixtures (e.g., toilets, shower stalls, urinals) manufacturing 

Plastics siding manufacturing 

Plastics trash containers manufacturing 

Resilient floor coverings (e.g., sheet, tiles) manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing plastics film, plastics unlaminated sheet, and plastics bags--are classified in Industry 32611, 

Plastics Packaging Materials and Unlaminated Film and Sheet Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics pipes, pipe fittings, and plastics profile shapes (except films, sheet, bags)--are 

classified in Industry 32612, Plastics Pipe, Pipe Fitting, and Unlaminated Profile Shape Manufacturing; 

 Laminating plastics profile shapes, such as plate, sheet, and rod--are classified in Industry 32613, 

Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet (except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing polystyrene foam products--are classified in Industry 32614, Polystyrene Foam Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing foam products (except polystyrene)--are classified in Industry 32615, Urethane and Other 

Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics bottles--are classified in Industry 32616, Plastics Bottle Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics furniture parts--are classified in Industry 33721, Office Furniture (including 

Fixtures) Manufacturing; 

 Assembling plastics components into plumbing fixture fittings, such as faucets--are classified in Industry 

33291, Metal Valve Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing rubber floor mats and rubber treads--are classified in Industry 32629, Other Rubber Product 

Manufacturing. 
326191 Plastics Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics or fiberglass plumbing 

fixtures. Examples of products made by these establishments are plastics or fiberglass bathtubs, hot tubs, portable 

toilets, and shower stalls. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Assembling plastics components into plumbing fixture fittings, such as faucets--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 332913, Plumbing Fixture Fitting and Trim Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing plastics pipe and pipe fittings--are classified in U.S. Industry 326122, Plastics Pipe and Pipe 

Fitting Manufacturing. 

326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics products (except film, 

sheet, bags, profile shapes, pipes, pipe fittings, laminates, foam products, bottles, and plumbing fixtures). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Inflatable plastics swimming pool rafts and similar flotation devices manufacturing 

Plastics air mattresses manufacturing 

Plastics bowls and bowl covers manufacturing 

Plastics clothes hangers manufacturing 

Plastics cups (except foam) manufacturing 

Plastics dinnerware (except foam) manufacturing 

Plastics gloves manufacturing 

Plastics hardware manufacturing 

Plastics siding manufacturing 

Plastics trash containers manufacturing 

Resilient floor covering manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing plastics film, plastics unlaminated sheet, and plastics bags--are classified in Industry 32611, 

Plastics Packaging Materials and Unlaminated Film and Sheet Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics pipes, pipe fittings, and plastics profile shapes (except film, sheet, bags)--are 

classified in Industry 32612, Plastics Pipe, Pipe Fitting, and Unlaminated Profile Shape Manufacturing; 

 Laminating plastics profile shapes, such as plate, sheet, and rod--are classified in Industry 326130, 

Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet (except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing polystyrene foam products--are classified in Industry 326140, Polystyrene Foam Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing foam (except polystyrene) products--are classified in Industry 326150, Urethane and Other 

Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics bottles--are classified in Industry 326160, Plastics Bottle Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing heavy-duty inflatable plastics boats--are classified in U.S. Industry 336612, Boat Building; 

 Manufacturing plastics furniture parts and components--are classified in U.S. Industry 337215, Showcase, 

Partition, Shelving, and Locker Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing rubber floor mats and rubber treads--are classified in U.S. Industry 326299, All Other 

Rubber Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics plumbing fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 326191, Plastics Plumbing 

Fixture Manufacturing; and 

 Assembling plastics components into plumbing fixtures fittings such as faucets--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 332913, Plumbing Fixture Fitting and Trim Manufacturing. 
3262 Rubber Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in processing natural, synthetic, or reclaimed 

rubber materials into intermediate or final products using processes, such as vulcanizing, cementing, molding, 

extruding, and lathe-cutting. 

32621 Tire ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing tires and inner tubes from natural and 

synthetic rubber and retreading or rebuilding tires. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Repairing tires, such as plugging--are classified in Industry 81119, Other Automotive Repair and 

Maintenance; and 

 Retailing tires--are classified in Industry 44132, Tire Dealers. 

326211 Tire Manufacturing (except Retreading) 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing tires and inner tubes from natural 

and synthetic rubber. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in retreading or rebuilding tires are classified in U.S. Industry 326212, Tire 

Retreading. 

326212 Tire Retreading 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retreading or rebuilding tires. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Repairing tires, such as plugging--are classified in U.S. Industry 811198, All Other Automotive Repair and 

Maintenance; 

 Retailing tires--are classified in Industry 441320, Tire Dealers; and 

 Manufacturing tires and inner tubes from natural and synthetic rubber--are classified in U.S. Industry 

326211, Tire Manufacturing (except Retreading). 

32622 Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 326220 below. 

326220 Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing rubber hose and/or plastics 

(reinforced) hose and belting from natural and synthetic rubber and/or plastics resins. Establishments manufacturing 

garden hoses from purchased hose are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing rubber tubing--are classified in U.S. Industry 326299, All Other Rubber Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics tubing--are classified in U.S. Industry 326121, Unlaminated Plastics Profile Shape 

Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing extruded, lathe-cut, molded rubber goods (except tubing) for mechanical applications--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 326291, Rubber Product Manufacturing for Mechanical Use; and 

 Manufacturing fluid power hose assemblies--are classified in U.S. Industry 332912, Fluid Power Valve and 

Hose Fitting Manufacturing. 

32629 Other Rubber Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing rubber products (except tires, hoses, 

and belting) from natural and synthetic rubber. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Birth control devices (e.g., diaphragms, prophylactics) manufacturing 

Latex foam rubber manufacturing 

Mechanical rubber goods (i.e., molded, extruded, lathe-cut) manufacturing 

Reclaiming rubber from waste and scrap 

Rubber bands manufacturing 

Rubber balloons manufacturing 

Rubber floor mats (e.g., door, bath) manufacturing 

Rubber hair care products (e.g., combs, curlers) manufacturing 

Rubber tubing manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing tires and inner tubes--are classified in Industry 32621, Tire Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing rubber hoses and belting--are classified in Industry 32622, Rubber and Plastics Hoses and 

Belting Manufacturing; 

 Rubberizing fabric--are classified in Industry 31332, Fabric Coating Mills; 

 Manufacturing rubber gaskets, packing, and sealing devices--are classified in Industry 33999, All Other 

Miscellaneous Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing rubber gloves--are classified in Industry 33911, Medical Equipment and Supplies 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing rubber clothing accessories (e.g., bathing caps)--are classified in Industry 31599, Apparel 

Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing rubber toys--are classified in Industry 33993, Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing. 

326291 Rubber Product Manufacturing for Mechanical Use 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing rubber goods (except tubing) for 

mechanical applications, using the processes of molding, extruding or lathe-cutting. Products of this industry are 

generally parts for motor vehicles, machinery, and equipment. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing rubber tubing from natural and synthetic rubber or in 

manufacturing rubber products for mechanical applications using processes other than molding, extruding or lathecutting are classified in U.S. Industry 326299, All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing. 

326299 All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing rubber products (except tires; 

hoses and belting; and molded, extruded, and lathe-cut rubber goods for mechanical applications (except rubber 

tubing)) from natural and synthetic rubber. Establishments manufacturing rubber tubing made from natural and 

synthetic rubber, regardless of process used, are included in this industry. 
Illustrative Examples: 

Birth control devices (i.e., diaphragms, prophylactics) manufacturing 

Latex foam rubber manufacturing 

Reclaiming rubber from waste and scrap 

Rubber balloons manufacturing 

Rubber bands manufacturing 

Rubber floor mats (e.g., door, bath) manufacturing 

Rubber hair care products (e.g., combs, curlers) manufacturing 

Rubber tubing manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing tires, inner tubes, and tire rebuilding--are classified in Industry 32621, Tire Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing rubber hoses and belting--are classified in Industry 326220, Rubber and Plastics Hoses and 

Belting Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing heavy-duty inflatable rubber boats--are classified in U.S. Industry 336612, Boat Building; 

 Molding, extruding, and lathe-cutting rubber to manufacture rubber goods (except tubing) for mechanical 

applications--are classified in U.S. Industry 326291, Rubber Product Manufacturing for Mechanical Use; 

 Rubberizing fabrics--are classified in Industry 313320, Fabric Coating Mills; 

 Manufacturing rubber gaskets, packing, and sealing devices--are classified in U.S. Industry 339991, 

Gasket, Packing, and Sealing Device Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing rubber toys--are classified in Industry 339930, Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing rubber gloves--are classified in U.S. Industry 339113, Surgical Appliance and Supplies 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing rubber clothing accessories (e.g., bathing caps)--are classified in Industry 315990, Apparel 

Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing. 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product ManufacturingT 

 The Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing subsector transforms mined or quarried nonmetallic minerals, 

such as sand, gravel, stone, clay, and refractory materials, into products for intermediate or final consumption. 

Processes used include grinding, mixing, cutting, shaping, and honing. Heat often is used in the process and 

chemicals are frequently mixed to change the composition, purity, and chemical properties for the intended product. 

For example, glass is produced by heating silica sand to the melting point (sometimes combined with cullet or 

recycled glass) and then drawn, floated, or blow molded to the desired shape or thickness. Refractory materials are 

heated and then formed into bricks or other shapes for use in industrial applications. 

 The Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing subsector includes establishments that manufacture products, 

such as bricks, refractories, ceramic products, and glass and glass products, such as plate glass and containers. Also 

included are cement and concrete products, lime, gypsum and other nonmetallic mineral products including abrasive 

products, ceramic plumbing fixtures, statuary, cut stone products, and mineral wool. The products are used in a 

wide range of activities from construction and heavy and light manufacturing to articles for personal use. 

 Mining, beneficiating, and manufacturing activities often occur in a single location. Separate receipts will be 

collected for these activities whenever possible. When receipts cannot be broken out between mining and 

manufacturing, establishments that mine or quarry nonmetallic minerals, beneficiate the nonmetallic minerals and 

further process the nonmetallic minerals into a more finished manufactured product are classified based on the 

primary activity of the establishment. A mine that manufactures a small amount of finished products will be 

classified in Sector 21, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction. An establishment that mines whose primary 

output is a more finished manufactured product will be classified in the Manufacturing Sector. 

 Excluded from the Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing subsector are establishments that primarily 

beneficiate mined nonmetallic minerals. Beneficiation is the process whereby the extracted material is reduced to 

particles that can be separated into mineral and waste, the former suitable for further processing or direct use. 

Beneficiation establishments are included in Sector 21, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction. 

3271 Clay Product and Refractory ManufacturingT 
32711 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture ManufacturingT 

 See industry description for 327110 below. 

327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in shaping, molding, glazing, and firing pottery, 

ceramics, plumbing fixtures, and electrical supplies made entirely or partly of clay or other ceramic materials. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bathroom accessories, vitreous china and earthenware, manufacturing 

Ceramic or ferrite permanent magnets manufacturing 

Chemical stoneware (i.e., pottery products) manufacturing 

Clay and ceramic statuary manufacturing 

Earthenware table and kitchen articles, coarse, manufacturing 

Porcelain electrical insulators manufacturing 

Vitreous china plumbing fixtures manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing enameled iron and steel plumbing fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other 

Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal bathroom accessories--are classified in Subsector 332, Fabricated Metal Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing cultured marble and other plastics plumbing fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 326191, 

Plastics Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing clay building materials, such as ceramic tile, bricks, and clay roofing tiles, and refractories--

are classified in Industry 327120, Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing ferrite microwave devices and electronic components--are classified in Subsector 334, 

Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing plastics bathroom accessories--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics 

Product Manufacturing. 

32712 Clay Building Material and Refractories ManufacturingT 

 See industry description for 327120 below. 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in shaping, molding, baking, burning, or hardening clay 

refractories, nonclay refractories, ceramic tile, structural clay tile, brick, and other structural clay building materials. 

A refractory is a material that will retain its shape and chemical identity when subjected to high temperatures and is 

used in applications that require extreme resistance to heat, such as furnace linings. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing resilient flooring and asphalt floor tiles--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other 

Plastics Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing concrete bricks--are classified in U.S. Industry 327331, Concrete Block and Brick 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing glass bricks and blocks--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product 

Manufacturing. 

3272 Glass and Glass Product ManufacturingT 
32721 Glass and Glass Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing glass and/or glass products. 

Establishments in this industry may manufacture glass and/or glass products by melting silica sand or cullet, or 

purchasing glass. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing glass wool (i.e., fiberglass) insulation products--are classified in Industry 32799, All Other 

Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing optical lenses (except ophthalmic), such as magnifying, photographic, and projection 

lenses--are classified in Industry 33331, Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Grinding ophthalmic (i.e., eyeglass) lenses for the trade--are classified in Industry 33911, Medical 

Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing fiber optic cable from purchased fiber optic strand--are classified in Industry 33592, 

Communication and Energy Wire and Cable Manufacturing. 

327211 Flat Glass Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing flat glass by melting silica 

sand or cullet or (2) manufacturing both flat glass and laminated glass by melting silica sand or cullet. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing laminated glass from purchased flat glass are classified in U.S. 

Industry 327215, Glass Product Manufacturing Made of Purchased Glass. 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing glass by melting silica sand or 

cullet and making pressed, blown, or shaped glass or glassware (except glass packaging containers). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing flat glass--are classified in U.S. Industry 327211, Flat Glass Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing glass packaging containers in glassmaking operations--are classified in U.S. Industry 

327213, Glass Container Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing glass wool (i.e., fiberglass) insulation--are classified in U.S. Industry 327993, Mineral Wool 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing glassware from purchased glass--are classified in U.S. Industry 327215, Glass Product 

Manufacturing Made of Purchased Glass; and 

 Manufacturing fiber optic cable from purchased fiber optic strand--are classified in U.S. Industry 335921, 

Fiber Optic Cable Manufacturing. 

327213 Glass Container Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing glass packaging containers. 

327215 Glass Product Manufacturing Made of Purchased Glass 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in coating, laminating, tempering, or shaping 

purchased glass. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing optical lenses (except ophthalmic), such as magnifying, photographic, and projection 

lenses--are classified in U.S. Industry 333314, Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing ophthalmic (i.e., eyeglass) lenses--are classified in U.S. Industry 339115, Ophthalmic 

Goods Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing fiber optic cable from purchased fiber optic strand--are classified in U.S. Industry 335921, 

Fiber Optic Cable Manufacturing. 

3273 Cement and Concrete Product ManufacturingT 

32731 Cement ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 327310 below. 

327310 Cement Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing portland, natural, masonry, 

pozzolanic, and other hydraulic cements. Cement manufacturing establishments may calcine earths or mine, quarry, 

manufacture, or purchase lime. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Mining or quarrying limestone--are classified in U.S. Industry 212312, Crushed and Broken Limestone 

Mining and Quarrying; 

 Manufacturing lime--are classified in Industry 327410, Lime Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing ready-mix concrete--are classified in Industry 327320, Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing; 

and 

 Manufacturing dry mix concrete--are classified in U.S. Industry 327999, All Other Miscellaneous 

Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing. 

32732 Ready-Mix Concrete ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 327320 below. 

327320 Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments, such as batch plants or mix plants, primarily engaged in manufacturing 

concrete delivered to a purchaser in a plastic and unhardened state. Ready-mix concrete manufacturing 

establishments may mine, quarry, or purchase sand and gravel. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating sand or gravel pits--are classified in U.S. Industry 212321, Construction Sand and Gravel 

Mining; and 

 Manufacturing dry mix concrete--are classified in U.S. Industry 327999, All Other Miscellaneous 

Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing. 

32733 Concrete Pipe, Brick, and Block ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concrete pipe, brick, and block. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concrete products (except brick, block, and pipe) are classified 

in Industry 32739, Other Concrete Product Manufacturing. 

327331 Concrete Block and Brick Manufacturing 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concrete block and brick. 

327332 Concrete Pipe Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concrete pipe. 

32739 Other Concrete Product ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 327390 below. 

327390 Other Concrete Product Manufacturing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concrete products (except block, 

brick, and pipe). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing concrete brick and block--are classified in U.S. Industry 327331, Concrete Block and Brick 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing concrete pipe--are classified in U.S. Industry 327332, Concrete Pipe Manufacturing. 

3274 Lime and Gypsum Product ManufacturingT 

32741 Lime ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 327410 below. 

327410 Lime Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing lime from calcitic limestone, 

dolomitic limestone, or other calcareous materials, such as coral, chalk, and shells. Lime manufacturing 

establishments may mine, quarry, collect, or purchase the sources of calcium carbonate. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dolomite refractories are classified in Industry 327120, Clay 

Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing. 

32742 Gypsum Product ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 327420 below. 

327420 Gypsum Product Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing gypsum products, such as wallboard, 

plaster, plasterboard, molding, ornamental moldings, statuary, and architectural plaster work. Gypsum product 

manufacturing establishments may mine, quarry, or purchase gypsum. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating gypsum mines or quarries are classified in U.S. Industry 212399, 

All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining. 

3279 Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments manufacturing nonmetallic mineral products (except clay products, 

refractory products, glass products, cement and concrete products, lime, and gypsum products). 
32791 Abrasive Product ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 327910 below. 

327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing abrasive grinding wheels of natural or 

synthetic materials, abrasive-coated products, and other abrasive products. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Aluminum oxide (fused) abrasives manufacturing 

Buffing and polishing wheels, abrasive and nonabrasive, manufacturing 

Diamond dressing wheels manufacturing 

Sandpaper manufacturing 

Silicon carbide abrasives manufacturing 

Whetstones manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Mining and cutting grindstones, pulpstones, and whetstones--are classified in U.S. Industry 212399, All 

Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; 

 Manufacturing plastic scouring pads--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing metallic scouring sponges and soap impregnated scouring pads--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing. 

32799 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonmetallic mineral products (except 

pottery and plumbing fixtures; clay building materials and refractories; glass and glass products; cement; ready-mix 

concrete; concrete products; lime; gypsum products; and abrasive products). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures--are classified in Industry 32711, Pottery, 

Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; 

 Mining or quarrying stone, earth, or other nonmetallic minerals--are classified in Industry Group 2123, 

Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying; 

 Buying and selling semifinished monuments and tombstones with no work other than polishing, lettering, 

or shaping to custom order--are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade; 

 Manufacturing clay building materials and refractories--are classified in Industry 32712, Clay Building 

Material and Refractories Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing glass and glass products--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing cement--are classified in Industry 32731, Cement Manufacturing; 

 Mixing and delivering ready-mix concrete--are classified in Industry 32732, Ready-Mix Concrete 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing concrete pipe, brick, and block--are classified in Industry 32733, Concrete Pipe, Brick, and 

Block Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing concrete products (except pipe, brick, and block)--are classified in Industry 32739, Other 

Concrete Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing lime--are classified in Industry 32741, Lime Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing gypsum products--are classified in Industry 32742, Gypsum Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing abrasive products--are classified in Industry 32791, Abrasive Product Manufacturing; and 
 Manufacturing metallic scouring pads and steel wool--are classified in Industry 33299, All Other 

Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing. 

327991 Cut Stone and Stone Product Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in cutting, shaping, and finishing granite, marble, 

limestone, slate, and other stone for building and miscellaneous uses. Stone product manufacturing establishments 

may mine, quarry, or purchase stone. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Mining or quarrying stone--are classified in Industry Group 2123, Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and 

Quarrying; and 

 Buying and selling semifinished monuments and tombstones with no work other than polishing, lettering, 

or shaping to custom order--are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade. 

327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in calcining, dead burning, or otherwise processing 

beyond beneficiation, clays, ceramic and refractory minerals, barite, and miscellaneous nonmetallic minerals. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in crushing, grinding, pulverizing, washing, screening, sizing, or otherwise 

beneficiating mined clays, ceramics and refractory, and other miscellaneous nonmetallic minerals are classified in 

Industry Group 2123, Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying. 

327993 Mineral Wool Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing mineral wool and mineral wool 

(i.e., fiberglass) insulation products made of such siliceous materials as rock, slag, and glass or combinations 

thereof. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metallic scouring pads and steel wool are classified in U.S. 

Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing. 

327999 All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonmetallic mineral products 

(except pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures; clay building materials and refractories; glass and glass products; 

cement; ready-mix concrete; concrete products; lime; gypsum products; abrasive products; cut stone and stone 

products; ground and treated minerals and earth; and mineral wool). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Dry mix concrete manufacturing 

Mica products manufacturing 

Stucco and stucco products manufacturing 

Synthetic stones, for gem stones and industrial use, manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures--are classified in Industry 327110, Pottery, 

Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing clay building materials and refractories--are classified in Industry 327120, Clay Building 

Material and Refractories Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing glass and glass products--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing cement--are classified in Industry 327310, Cement Manufacturing; 

 Mixing and delivering ready-mix concrete--are classified in Industry 327320, Ready-Mix Concrete 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing concrete pipe, brick, and block--are classified in Industry 32733, Concrete Pipe, Brick, and 

Block Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing concrete products (except pipe, brick, and block)--are classified in Industry 327390, Other 

Concrete Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing lime--are classified in Industry 327410, Lime Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing gypsum products--are classified in Industry 327420, Gypsum Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing abrasives and abrasive products--are classified in Industry 327910, Abrasive Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing cut stone and stone products--are classified in U.S. Industry 327991, Cut Stone and Stone 

Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing ground and treated minerals and earth (i.e., not at the mine site)--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 327992, Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing mineral wool and fiberglass insulation products--are classified in U.S. Industry 327993, 

Mineral Wool Manufacturing. 

331 Primary Metal ManufacturingT 

 Industries in the Primary Metal Manufacturing subsector smelt and/or refine ferrous and nonferrous metals from 

ore, pig or scrap, using electrometallurgical and other process metallurgical techniques. Establishments in this 

subsector also manufacture metal alloys and superalloys by introducing other chemical elements to pure metals. The 

output of smelting and refining, usually in ingot form, is used in rolling, drawing, and extruding operations to make 

sheet, strip, bar, rod, or wire, and in molten form to make castings and other basic metal products. 

 Primary manufacturing of ferrous and nonferrous metals begins with ore or concentrate as the primary input. 

Establishments manufacturing primary metals from ore and/or concentrate remain classified in the primary smelting, 

primary refining, or iron and steel mill industries regardless of the form of their output. Establishments primarily 

engaged in secondary smelting and/or secondary refining recover ferrous and nonferrous metals from scrap and/or 

dross. The output of the secondary smelting and/or secondary refining industries is limited to shapes such as ingot 

or billet that will be further processed. Recovery of metals from scrap often occurs in establishments that are 

primarily engaged in activities, such as rolling, drawing, extruding, or similar processes. 

 Excluded from the Primary Metal Manufacturing subsector are establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing 

ferrous and nonferrous forgings (except ferrous forgings made in steel mills) and stampings. Although forging, 

stamping, and casting are all methods used to make metal shapes, forging and stamping do not use molten metals 

and are included in Subsector 332, Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing. Establishments primarily engaged in 

operating coke ovens are classified in Industry 32419, Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing. 

3311 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy ManufacturingT 

33111 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 331110 below. 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) direct reduction of 

iron ore; (2) manufacturing pig iron in molten or solid form; (3) converting pig iron into steel; (4) making steel; (5) 

making steel and manufacturing shapes (e.g., bar, plate, rod, sheet, strip, wire); (6) making steel and forming pipe 

and tube; and (7) manufacturing electrometallurgical ferroalloys. Ferroalloys add critical elements, such as silicon 

and manganese for carbon steel and chromium, vanadium, tungsten, titanium, and molybdenum for low- and high-
alloy metals. Ferroalloys include iron-rich alloys and more pure forms of elements added during the steel 

manufacturing process that alter or improve the characteristics of the metal being made. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating coke ovens--are classified in U.S. Industry 324199, All Other Petroleum and Coal Products 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing nonferrous superalloys, such as cobalt or nickel-based superalloys--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 331492, Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and 

Aluminum); 

 Manufacturing concrete reinforcing bar by rolling and drawing steel from purchased steel--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 331221, Rolled Steel Shape Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing fabricated structural metal products from concrete reinforcing bars and fabricated bar joists-

-are classified in U.S. Industry 332312, Fabricated Structural Metal Manufacturing. 

3312 Steel Product Manufacturing from Purchased SteelT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing iron and steel tube and pipe, 

drawing steel wire, and rolling or drawing shapes from purchased iron or steel. 

33121 Iron and Steel Pipe and Tube Manufacturing from Purchased SteelT 

See industry description for 331210 below. 

331210 Iron and Steel Pipe and Tube Manufacturing from Purchased Steel

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing welded, riveted, or seamless pipe and 

tube from purchased iron or steel. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in making steel and further processing the steel into steel pipe and tube are 

classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing. 

33122 Rolling and Drawing of Purchased SteelT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in rolling and/or drawing steel shapes, such as plate, 

sheet, strip, rod, and bar, from purchased steel. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Making steel and rolling and/or drawing steel--are classified in Industry 33111, Iron and Steel Mills and 

Ferroalloy Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing wire products from purchased wire--are classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire 

Product Manufacturing. 

331221 Rolled Steel Shape Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in rolling or drawing shapes (except wire), such as 

plate, sheet, strip, rod, and bar, from purchased steel. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Making steel and rolling or drawing steel shapes, or manufacturing concrete reinforcing bars in an iron and 

steel mill--are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; 

 Drawing wire from purchased steel--are classified in U.S. Industry 331222, Steel Wire Drawing; and 
 Manufacturing fabricated structural metal products from concrete reinforcing bars and fabricated bar joists-

-are classified in U.S. Industry 332312, Fabricated Structural Metal Manufacturing. 

331222 Steel Wire Drawing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in drawing wire from purchased steel. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Making steel and drawing steel wire--are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing wire products, such as nails, spikes, and paper clips, from purchased steel wire--are 

classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing. 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum Production and ProcessingT 

33131 Alumina and Aluminum Production and ProcessingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) refining alumina; 

(2) making (i.e., the primary production) aluminum from alumina; (3) recovering aluminum from scrap or dross; (4) 

alloying purchased aluminum; and (5) manufacturing aluminum primary forms (e.g., bar, foil, pipe, plate, rod, sheet, 

tube, wire). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing aluminum oxide abrasives and refractories--are classified in Subsector 327, Nonmetallic 

Mineral Product Manufacturing; 

 Sorting and breaking up scrap aluminum metal without also smelting or refining--are classified in Sector 

42, Wholesale Trade; and 

 Operating facilities where commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, 

and metals are sorted into distinct categories without also smelting or refining--are classified in Industry 

56292, Materials Recovery Facilities. 

331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) refining 

alumina (i.e., aluminum oxide) generally from bauxite; (2) making aluminum from alumina; and/or (3) making 

aluminum from alumina and rolling, drawing, extruding, or casting the aluminum they make into primary forms. 

Establishments in this industry may make primary aluminum or aluminum-based alloys from alumina. 

Cross-references. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing aluminum oxide abrasives and refractories--are classified in Subsector 327, Nonmetallic 

Mineral Product Manufacturing; and 

 Recovering aluminum from scrap or alloying purchased aluminum--are classified in U.S. Industry 331314, 

Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum. 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) recovering aluminum and aluminum alloys 

from scrap and/or dross (i.e., secondary smelting) and making billet or ingot (except by rolling) and/or (2) 

manufacturing alloys, powder, paste, or flake from purchased aluminum. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Refining alumina or making aluminum and/or aluminum alloys from alumina--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 331313, Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; 

 Manufacturing aluminum sheet, plate, and foil from purchased aluminum or by recovering aluminum from 

scrap and flat rolling or continuous casting--are classified in U.S. Industry 331315, Aluminum Sheet, Plate, 

and Foil Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing aluminum extruded products or rolled ingot or billet from purchased aluminum or by 

recovering aluminum from scrap and extruding, rolling, or drawing--are classified in U.S. Industry 331318, 

Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; 

 Sorting and breaking up scrap metal without also smelting or refining--are classified in Industry 423930, 

Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Operating facilities where commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, 

and metals, are sorted into distinct categories without also smelting or refining--are classified in Industry 

562920, Materials Recovery Facilities. 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate, and Foil Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) flat rolling or continuous casting sheet, 

plate, foil and welded tube from purchased aluminum; and/or (2) recovering aluminum from scrap and flat rolling or 

continuous casting sheet, plate, foil, and welded tube in integrated mills. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in making aluminum from alumina and flat rolling or continuous casting 

aluminum sheet, plate, foil, and welded tube are classified in U.S. Industry 331313, Alumina Refining and Primary 

Aluminum Production. 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes (except 

flat rolled sheet, plate, foil, and welded tube) from purchased aluminum; and/or (2) recovering aluminum from scrap 

and rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes (except flat rolled sheet, plate, foil, and welded tube) in integrated mills. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Aluminum bar made by extruding purchased aluminum 

Nails, aluminum, made in wire drawing plants 

Rod made by extruding purchased aluminum 

Structural shapes made by rolling purchased aluminum 

Tube made by drawing or extruding purchased aluminum 

Wire, bare, made in aluminum wire drawing plants 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Flat rolling sheet, plate, foil, and welded tube from either purchased aluminum or by recovering aluminum 

from scrap and flat rolling or continuous casting--are classified in U.S. Industry 331315, Aluminum Sheet, 

Plate, and Foil Manufacturing; and 

 Making aluminum from alumina and making aluminum shapes--are classified in U.S. Industry 331313, 

Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production. 

3314 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Production and ProcessingT 

33141 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and RefiningT

 See industry description for 331410 below. 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) smelting ores into nonferrous metals and/or (2) 

the primary refining of nonferrous metals (except aluminum) by electrolytic methods or other processes. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Mining and making copper and other nonferrous concentrates (including gold and silver bullion), by 

processes, such as solvent extraction or electrowinning--are classified in Industry Group 2122, Metal Ore 

Mining; 

 Recovering copper or copper alloys from scrap or dross and/or alloying, rolling, drawing, and extruding 

purchased copper--are classified in Industry 331420, Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; 

 Rolling, drawing, and/or extruding nonferrous metal shapes (except copper and aluminum) from purchased 

nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) or by recovering nonferrous metals (except copper and 

aluminum) and rolling, drawing, or extruding--are classified in U.S. Industry 331491, Nonferrous Metal 

(except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; 

 Recovering nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) from scrap and making primary forms and/or 

alloying purchased nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum)--are classified in U.S. Industry 

331492, Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum); 

 Making aluminum from alumina--are classified in U.S. Industry 331313, Alumina Refining and Primary 

Aluminum Production; 

 Operating facilities where commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, 

and metals, are sorted into distinct categories without also smelting or refining--are classified in Industry 

562920, Materials Recovery Facilities; and 

 Sorting, buying, breaking up scrap metal, and reselling, without also smelting or refining--are classified in 

Industry 423930, Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers. 

33142 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and AlloyingT 

 See industry description for 331420 below. 

331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) recovering copper 

or copper alloys from scraps; (2) alloying purchased copper; (3) rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes, (e.g., bar, 

plate, sheet, strip, tube, wire) from purchased copper; and (4) recovering copper or copper alloys from scrap and 

rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes (e.g., bar, plate, sheet, strip, tube, wire). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Smelting copper ore, primary copper refining, and/or rolling, drawing, or extruding primary copper made in 

the same establishment--are classified in Industry 331410, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting 

and Refining; 

 Manufacturing wire products from purchased copper wire--are classified in Industry 33261, Spring and 

Wire Product Manufacturing; 

 Die-casting purchased copper--are classified in U.S. Industry 331523, Nonferrous Metal Die-Casting 

Foundries; 

 Rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes from purchased nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) or 

recovering nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) from scrap and rolling, drawing, or extruding-

-are classified in U.S. Industry 331491, Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, 

Drawing, and Extruding; 

 Recovering nonferrous metals (except copper, aluminum) from scrap and making primary forms and/or 

alloying purchased nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum)--are classified in U.S. Industry 

331492, Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum); 

 Insulating purchased copper wire--are classified in U.S. Industry 335929, Other Communication and 

Energy Wire Manufacturing; 
 Operating facilities where commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, 

and metals, are sorted into distinct categories without also smelting or refining--are classified in Industry 

562920, Materials Recovery Facilities; and 

 Sorting, buying, breaking up scrap metal, and reselling, without also smelting or refining--are classified in 

Industry 423930, Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers. 

33149 Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and 

 AlloyingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) recovering 

nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) and nonferrous metal alloys from scrap; (2) alloying purchased 

nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum); (3) rolling, drawing, and extruding shapes from purchased 

nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum); and (4) recovering nonferrous metals from scrap (except copper 

and aluminum) and rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes in integrated facilities. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Rolling, drawing, and/or extruding aluminum or secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum--are 

classified in Industry 33131, Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing; 

 Recovering copper and copper alloys from scrap, alloying purchased copper, rolling, drawing, or extruding 

shapes from purchased copper, and recovering copper or copper alloys from scrap and rolling, drawing, or 

extruding shapes in integrated mills--are classified in Industry 33142, Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, 

and Alloying; 

 Insulating purchased nonferrous wire--are classified in Industry 33592, Communication and Energy Wire 

and Cable Manufacturing; 

 Making primary nonferrous metals and rolling, drawing, or extruding nonferrous metal shapes--are 

classified in Industry 33141, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining; 

 Manufacturing products from purchased wire--are classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Sorting and breaking up scrap metal without also smelting or refining--are classified in Sector 42, 

Wholesale Trade; and 

 Operating facilities where commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, 

and metals, are sorted into distinct categories without also smelting or refining--are classified in Industry 

56292, Materials Recovery Facilities. 

331491 Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes (e.g., 

bar, plate, sheet, strip, tube) from purchased nonferrous metals; and/or (2) recovering nonferrous metals from scrap 

and rolling, drawing, and/or extruding shapes (e.g., bar, plate, sheet, strip, tube) in integrated mills. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Rolling, drawing, and/or extruding shapes from purchased copper or recovering copper from scrap and 

rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes--are classified in Industry 331420, Copper Rolling, Drawing, 

Extruding, and Alloying; 

 Recovering nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) from scrap and making primary forms and/or 

alloying purchased nonferrous metals--are classified in U.S. Industry 331492, Secondary Smelting, 

Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum); 

 Rolling, drawing, and/or extruding aluminum--are classified in Industry 33131, Alumina and Aluminum 

Production and Processing; 

 Making primary nonferrous metals and rolling, drawing, or extruding nonferrous metal shapes--are 

classified in Industry 331410, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining; and 

 Insulating purchased nonferrous wire--are classified in U.S. Industry 335929, Other Communication and 

Energy Wire Manufacturing. 
331492 Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and 

 Aluminum) 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) alloying purchased nonferrous metals and/or 

(2) recovering nonferrous metals from scrap. Establishments in this industry make primary forms (e.g., bar, billet, 

bloom, cake, ingot, slab, slug, wire) using smelting or refining processes. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Recovering aluminum and aluminum alloys from scrap and/or alloying purchased aluminum--are classified 

in U.S. Industry 331314, Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; 

 Sorting and breaking up scrap metal without also smelting or refining--are classified in Industry 423930, 

Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Recovering nonferrous metals from scrap and rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes in integrated facilities--

are classified in U.S. Industry 331491, Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, 

Drawing, and Extruding; 

 Operating facilities where commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, 

and metals, are sorted into distinct categories without also smelting or refining--are classified in Industry 

562920, Materials Recovery Facilities; and 

 Recovering copper and copper alloys from scrap and making primary forms; and/or alloying purchased 

copper--are classified in Industry 331420, Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying. 

3315 FoundriesT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in pouring molten metal into molds or dies to 

form castings. Establishments making castings and further manufacturing, such as machining or assembling, a 

specific manufactured product are classified in the industry of the finished product. Foundries may perform 

operations, such as cleaning and deburring, on the castings they manufacture. More involved processes, such as 

tapping, threading, milling, or machining to tight tolerances, that transform castings into more finished products are 

classified elsewhere in the Manufacturing sector based on the product being made. 

 Establishments in this industry group make castings from purchased metals or in integrated secondary smelting 

and casting facilities. When the production of primary metals is combined with making castings, the establishment 

is classified in Subsector 331, Primary Metal Manufacturing, with the primary metal being made. 

33151 Ferrous Metal FoundriesT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in pouring molten iron and steel into molds of a desired 

shape to make castings. Establishments in this industry purchase iron and steel made in other establishments. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing iron or steel castings and further manufacturing them into 

finished products are classified based on the specific finished product. 

331511 Iron Foundries 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in pouring molten pig iron or iron alloys into 

molds to manufacture castings, (e.g., cast iron man-hole covers, cast iron pipe, cast iron skillets). Establishments in 

this industry purchase iron made in other establishments. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing iron castings and further manufacturing them into finished 

products are classified based on the specific finished product. 
331512 Steel Investment Foundries 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing steel investment castings. 

Investment molds are formed by covering a wax shape with a refractory slurry. After the refractory slurry hardens, 

the wax is melted, leaving a seamless mold. Investment molds provide highly detailed, consistent castings. 

Establishments in this industry purchase steel made in other establishments. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing steel castings (except steel investment castings)--are classified in U.S. Industry 331513, 

Steel Foundries (except Investment); and 

 Manufacturing steel investment castings and further manufacturing them into finished products--are 

classified based on the specific finished product. 

331513 Steel Foundries (except Investment) 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing steel castings (except steel 

investment castings). Establishments in this industry purchase steel made in other establishments. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing steel investment castings--are classified in U.S. Industry 331512, Steel Investment 

Foundries; and 

 Manufacturing steel castings and further manufacturing them into finished products--are classified based on 

the specific finished product. 

33152 Nonferrous Metal FoundriesT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in pouring and/or introducing molten nonferrous metal, 

under high pressure, into metal molds or dies to manufacture castings. Establishments in this industry purchase 

nonferrous metals made in other establishments. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing iron or steel castings--are classified in Industry 33151, Ferrous Metal Foundries; and 

 Manufacturing nonferrous metal castings and further manufacturing them into finished products--are 

classified based on the specific finished product. 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die-Casting Foundries

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in introducing molten nonferrous metal, under 

high pressure, into molds or dies to make nonferrous metal die-castings. Establishments in this industry purchase 

nonferrous metals made in other establishments. 

Cross-references. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Pouring molten aluminum into molds to manufacture aluminum castings--are classified in U.S. Industry 

331524, Aluminum Foundries (except Die-Casting); 

 Pouring molten nonferrous metal (except aluminum) into molds to manufacture nonferrous (except 

aluminum) castings--are classified in U.S. Industry 331529, Other Nonferrous Metal Foundries (except 

Die-Casting); and 

 Manufacturing nonferrous die-castings and further manufacturing them into finished products--are 

classified based on the specific finished product. 
331524 Aluminum Foundries (except Die-Casting) 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in pouring molten aluminum into molds to 

manufacture aluminum castings. Establishments in this industry purchase aluminum made in other establishments. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing aluminum die-castings--are classified in U.S. Industry 331523, Nonferrous Metal DieCasting Foundries; and 

 Manufacturing aluminum or aluminum alloy castings and further manufacturing them into finished 

products--are classified based on the specific finished product. 

331529 Other Nonferrous Metal Foundries (except Die-Casting) 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in pouring molten nonferrous metals (except 

aluminum) into molds to manufacture nonferrous castings (except nonferrous die-castings and aluminum castings). 

Establishments in this industry purchase nonferrous metals, such as copper, nickel, lead, and zinc, made in other 

establishments. 

Cross-references. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 Manufacturing nonferrous die-castings--are classified in U.S. Industry 331523, Nonferrous Metal DieCasting Foundries; 

 Pouring molten aluminum into molds to manufacture aluminum castings--are classified in U.S. Industry 

331524, Aluminum Foundries (except Die-Casting); and 

 Manufacturing nonferrous castings and further manufacturing them into finished products--are classified 

based on the specific finished product. 

332 Fabricated Metal Product ManufacturingT 

 Industries in the Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing subsector transform metal into intermediate or end 

products, other than machinery, computers and electronics, and metal furniture, or treat metals and metal formed 

products fabricated elsewhere. Important fabricated metal processes are forging, stamping, bending, forming, and 

machining, used to shape individual pieces of metal; and other processes, such as welding and assembling, used to 

join separate parts together. Establishments in this subsector may use one of these processes or a combination of 

these processes. 

 The NAICS structure for this subsector distinguishes the forging and stamping processes in a single industry. The 

remaining industries in the subsector group establishments based on similar combinations of processes used to make 

products. 

 The manufacturing performed in the Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing subsector begins with manufactured 

metal shapes. The establishments in this subsector further fabricate the purchased metal shapes into a product. For 

instance, the Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing industry starts with wire and fabricates such items. 

 Within manufacturing there are other establishments that make the same products made by this subsector; only 

these establishments begin production further back in the production process. These establishments have a more 

integrated operation. For instance, one establishment may manufacture steel, draw it into wire, and make wire 

products in the same establishment. Such operations are classified in the Primary Metal Manufacturing subsector. 

3321 Forging and StampingT 

33211 Forging and StampingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

forgings from purchased metals; (2) manufacturing metal custom roll forming products; (3) manufacturing metal 

stamped and spun products (except automotive, cans, coins); and (4) manufacturing powder metallurgy products. 

Establishments making metal forgings, metal stampings, and metal spun products and further manufacturing (e.g., 
machining, assembling) a specific manufactured product are classified in the industry of the finished product. Metal 

forging, metal stamping, and metal spun products establishments may perform surface finishing operations, such as 

cleaning and deburring, on the products they manufacture. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing metal forgings in integrated primary metal establishments--are classified in Subsector 331, 

Primary Metal Manufacturing; 

 Stamping automotive stampings--are classified in Industry 33637, Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping; 

 Manufacturing and installing rolled formed seamless gutters at construction sites--are classified in Industry 

23839, Other Building Finishing Contractors; and 

 Stamping coins--are classified in Industry 33991, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing. 

332111 Iron and Steel Forging 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing iron and steel forgings from 

purchased iron and steel by hammering mill shapes. Establishments making iron and steel forgings and further 

manufacturing (e.g., machining, assembling) a specific manufactured product are classified in the industry of the 

finished product. Iron and steel forging establishments may perform surface finishing operations, such as cleaning 

and deburring, on the forgings they manufacture. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing iron and steel forgings in integrated iron and steel mills--are classified in Industry 331110, 

Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing nonferrous forgings--are classified in U.S. Industry 332112, Nonferrous Forging. 

332112 Nonferrous Forging 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonferrous forgings from 

purchased nonferrous metals by hammering mill shapes. Establishments making nonferrous forgings and further 

manufacturing (e.g., machining, assembling) a specific manufactured product are classified in the industry of the 

finished product. Nonferrous forging establishments may perform surface finishing operations, such as cleaning and 

deburring, on the forgings they manufacture. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing iron and steel forgings--are classified in U.S. Industry 332111, Iron and Steel Forging; and 

 Manufacturing nonferrous forgings in integrated primary or secondary nonferrous metal production 

facilities--are classified in Subsector 331, Primary Metal Manufacturing. 

332114 Custom Roll Forming 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in custom roll forming metal products by use of 

rotary motion of rolls with various contours to bend or shape the products. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and installing rolled formed seamless gutters at construction 

sites are classified in Industry 238390, Other Building Finishing Contractors. 

332117 Powder Metallurgy Part Manufacturing 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing powder metallurgy products 

using any of the various powder metallurgy processing techniques, such as pressing and sintering or metal injection 

molding. Establishments in this industry generally make a wide range of parts on a job or order basis. 

332119 Metal Crown, Closure, and Other Metal Stamping (except Automotive) 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) stamping metal crowns and closures, such as 

bottle caps and home canning lids and rings, and/or (2) manufacturing other unfinished metal stampings and 

spinning unfinished metal products (except automotive and coins). Establishments making metal stampings and 

metal spun products and further manufacturing (e.g. machining, assembling) a specific product are classified in the 

industry of the finished product. Metal stamping and metal spun products establishments may perform surface 

finishing operations, such as cleaning and deburring, on the products they manufacture. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Stamping automotive stampings--are classified in Industry 336370, Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping; 

 Manufacturing metal cans--are classified in U.S. Industry 332431, Metal Can Manufacturing; and 

 Stamping coins--are classified in Industry 339910, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing. 

3322 Cutlery and Handtool ManufacturingT 

33221 Cutlery and Handtool ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

metal kitchen cookware (except those manufactured by casting (e.g., cast iron skillets) or stamped without further 

fabrication), utensils, and/or nonprecious and precious plated metal cutlery and flatware; (2) manufacturing saw 

blades, all types (including those for power sawing machines); and (3) manufacturing nonpowered hand and edge 

tools. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing precious (except precious plated) metal cutlery and flatware--are classified in Industry 

33991, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electric razors and hair clippers for use on humans--are classified in Industry 33521, Small 

Electrical Appliance Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing power hedge shears and trimmers and electric hair clippers for use on animals--are 

classified in Industry 33311, Agricultural Implement Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal cutting dies, attachments, and accessories for machine tools--are classified in Industry 

33351, Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing handheld power-driven handtools--are classified in Industry 33399, All Other General 

Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing finished cast iron kitchen utensils (i.e., cast iron skillets) and castings for kitchen utensils, 

pots, and pans--are classified in Industry Group 3315, Foundries. 

332215 Metal Kitchen Cookware, Utensil, Cutlery, and Flatware (except Precious) Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metal kitchen cookware (except 

those manufactured by casting (e.g., cast iron skillets) or stamped without further fabrication), utensils, and/or 

nonprecious and precious plated metal cutlery and flatware. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing precious (except precious plated) metal cutlery and flatware--are classified in Industry 

339910, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing electric razors and hair clippers for use on humans--are classified in Industry 335210, Small 

Electrical Appliance Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing power hedge shears and trimmers--are classified in U.S. Industry 333112, Lawn and Garden 

Tractor and Home Lawn and Garden Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing nonelectric hair clippers for use on animals--are classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw 

Blade and Handtool Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing finished cast metal kitchen utensils or castings for kitchen utensils--are classified in Industry 

Group 3315, Foundries; and 

 Manufacturing stampings for kitchen utensils, pots, and pans--are classified in U.S. Industry 332119, Metal 

Crown, Closure, and Other Metal Stamping (except Automotive). 

332216 Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing saw blades, all types 

(including those for power sawing machines) and/or (2) manufacturing nonpowered hand and edge tools. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing metal cutting dies, attachments, and accessories for machine tools--are classified in Industry 

33351, Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing handheld power-driven handtools--are classified in U.S. Industry 333991, Power-Driven 

Handtool Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electric razors and hair clippers for use on humans--are classified in Industry 335210, Small 

Electrical Appliance Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electric hair clippers for use on animals--are classified in U.S. Industry 333111, Farm 

Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing nonelectric household-type scissors and shears--are classified in U.S. Industry 332215, 

Metal Kitchen Cookware, Utensil, Cutlery, and Flatware (except Precious) Manufacturing. 

3323 Architectural and Structural Metals ManufacturingT 

33231 Plate Work and Fabricated Structural Product ManufacturingT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing one or more of the following: (1) 

prefabricated metal buildings, panels and sections; (2) structural metal products; and (3) metal plate work products. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Making manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes) and prefabricated wood buildings--are classified in 

Industry 32199, All Other Wood Product Manufacturing; 

 Constructing buildings, bridges, and other heavy construction projects on site--are classified in Sector 23, 

Construction; 

 Building ships, boats, and barges--are classified in Industry 33661, Ship and Boat Building; 

 Manufacturing power boilers and heat exchangers--are classified in Industry 33241, Power Boiler and Heat 

Exchanger Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing heavy gauge tanks--are classified in Industry 33242, Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal plate cooling towers--are classified in Industry 33341, Ventilation, Heating, AirConditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing metal windows, doors, and studs--are classified in Industry 33232, Ornamental and 

Architectural Metal Products Manufacturing. 

332311 Prefabricated Metal Building and Component Manufacturing 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing prefabricated metal buildings, 

panels, and sections. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Making manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes) and prefabricated wood buildings--are classified in 

Industry 32199, All Other Wood Product Manufacturing; 

 Constructing prefabricated buildings on site--are classified in Subsector 236, Construction of Buildings; 

and 

 Manufacturing metal windows and doors--are classified in U.S. Industry 332321, Metal Window and Door 

Manufacturing. 

332312 Fabricated Structural Metal Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in fabricating structural metal products, such as 

assemblies of concrete reinforcing bars and fabricated bar joists. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing concrete reinforcing bars in an iron and steel mill--are classified in Industry 331110, Iron 

and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal windows and doors--are classified in U.S. Industry 332321, Metal Window and Door 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal studs--are classified in U.S. Industry 332322, Sheet Metal Work Manufacturing; 

 Constructing buildings, bridges, and other heavy construction projects on site--are classified in Sector 23, 

Construction; 

 Manufacturing concrete reinforcing bar by rolling and drawing steel from purchased steel--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 331221, Rolled Steel Shape Manufacturing; 

 Building ships, boats, and barges--are classified in Industry 33661, Ship and Boat Building; and 

 Prefabricating metal buildings, panels, and sections--are classified in U.S. Industry 332311, Prefabricated 

Metal Building and Component Manufacturing. 

332313 Plate Work Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fabricated metal plate work by 

cutting, punching, bending, shaping, and welding purchased metal plate. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing power boilers and heat exchangers--are classified in Industry 332410, Power Boiler and 

Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing heavy gauge tanks--are classified in Industry 332420, Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing metal plate cooling towers--are classified in U.S. Industry 333415, Air-Conditioning and 

Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing. 

33232 Ornamental and Architectural Metal Products ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing one or more of the following: (1) 

metal framed windows (i.e., typically using purchased glass) and metal doors; (2) sheet metal work; and (3) 

ornamental and architectural metal products. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing metal covered (i.e., clad) wood windows and doors--are classified in Industry 32191, 

Millwork; 

 Manufacturing bins, cans, vats, and light tanks of sheet metal--are classified in Industry 33243, Metal Can, 

Box, and Other Metal Container (Light Gauge) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing prefabricated metal buildings, panels, and sections--are classified in Industry 33231, Plate 

Work and Fabricated Structural Product Manufacturing; 

 Fabricating sheet metal work on site--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors; 

 Manufacturing metal stampings (except automotive, coins) and custom roll forming products--are classified 

in Industry 33211, Forging and Stamping; 

 Manufacturing automotive stampings--are classified in Industry 33637, Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping; 

and 

 Stamping coins--are classified in Industry 33991, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing. 

332321 Metal Window and Door Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metal framed windows (i.e., 

typically using purchased glass) and metal doors. Examples of products made by these establishments are metal 

door frames; metal framed window and door screens; and metal molding and trim (except automotive). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing wood or metal covered (i.e., clad) wood framed windows and doors--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 321911, Wood Window and Door Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing metal automotive molding and trim--are classified in Industry 336370, Motor Vehicle Metal 

Stamping. 

332322 Sheet Metal Work Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing sheet metal work (except 

stampings). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing sheet metal bins, vats, and light tanks of sheet metal--are classified in U.S. Industry 332439, 

Other Metal Container Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal cans, lids, and ends--are classified in U.S. Industry 332431, Metal Can 

Manufacturing; 

 Fabricating sheet metal work on site--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors; 

 Manufacturing metal stampings (except automotive, coins) and custom roll forming products--are classified 

in Industry 33211, Forging and Stamping; 

 Manufacturing automotive stampings--are classified in Industry 336370, Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping; 

and 

 Stamping coins--are classified in Industry 339910, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing. 

332323 Ornamental and Architectural Metal Work Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing ornamental and architectural 

metal work, such as staircases, metal open steel flooring, fire escapes, railings, and scaffolding. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing prefabricated metal buildings, panels, and sections are 

classified in U.S. Industry 332311, Prefabricated Metal Building and Component Manufacturing. 

3324 Boiler, Tank, and Shipping Container ManufacturingT 
33241 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 332410 below. 

332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing power boilers and heat exchangers. 

Establishments in this industry may perform installation in addition to manufacturing power boilers and heat 

exchangers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing heavy gauge metal tanks--are classified in Industry 332420, Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing steam or hot water low pressure heating boilers--are classified in U.S. Industry 333414, 

Heating Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing; and 

 Installing power boilers and heat exchanges without manufacturing--are classified in Industry 238220, 

Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors. 

33242 Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 332420 below. 

332420 Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in cutting, forming, and joining heavy gauge metal to 

manufacture tanks, vessels, and other containers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing power boilers--are classified in Industry 332410, Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing light gauge metal containers--are classified in Industry 33243, Metal Can, Box, and Other 

Metal Container (Light Gauge) Manufacturing; and 

 Installing heavy gauge metal tanks without manufacturing--are classified in Industry 238120, Structural 

Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors. 

33243 Metal Can, Box, and Other Metal Container (Light Gauge) ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in forming light gauge metal containers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing foil containers--are classified in Industry 33299, All Other Fabricated Metal Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Reconditioning barrels and drums--are classified in Industry 81131, Commercial and Industrial Machinery 

and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Manufacturing heavy gauge metal containers--are classified in Industry 33242, Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) 

Manufacturing. 

332431 Metal Can Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metal cans, lids, and ends. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing foil containers--are classified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated 

Metal Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing light gauge metal containers (except cans)--are classified in U.S. Industry 332439, Other 

Metal Container Manufacturing. 

332439 Other Metal Container Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metal (light gauge) containers 

(except cans). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Light gauge metal bins manufacturing 

Light gauge metal drums manufacturing 

Light gauge metal garbage cans manufacturing 

Light gauge metal lunch boxes manufacturing 

Light gauge metal mailboxes manufacturing 

Light gauge metal tool boxes manufacturing 

Light gauge metal vats manufacturing 

Metal air cargo containers manufacturing 

Metal barrels manufacturing 

Vacuum bottles and jugs manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing foil containers--are classified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated 

Metal Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal cans--are classified in U.S. Industry 332431, Metal Can Manufacturing; 

 Reconditioning barrels and drums--are classified in Industry 811310, Commercial and Industrial Machinery 

and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Manufacturing heavy gauge metal containers--are classified in Industry 332420, Metal Tank (Heavy 

Gauge) Manufacturing. 

3325 Hardware ManufacturingT 

33251 Hardware ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 332510 below. 

332510 Hardware Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metal hardware, such as metal hinges, 

metal handles, keys, and locks (except coin-operated, time locks). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, washers, hose clamps, and turn-buckles--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 332722, Bolt, Nut, Screw, Rivet, and Washer Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing nails and spikes from wire drawn elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 332618, Other 

Fabricated Wire Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal furniture parts (except hardware)--are classified in U.S. Industry 337215, Showcase, 

Partition, Shelving, and Locker Manufacturing; 

 Drawing wire and manufacturing nails and spikes--are classified in Subsector 331, Primary Metal 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing pole line and transmission hardware--are classified in U.S. Industry 335932, NoncurrentCarrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing coin-operated locking mechanisms--are classified in U.S. Industry 333318, Other 

Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing time locks--are classified in U.S. Industry 334519, Other Measuring and Controlling Device 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing fireplace fixtures and equipment, traps, handcuffs and leg irons, ladder jacks, and other like 

metal products--are classified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing fire hose nozzles and couplings--are classified in U.S. Industry 332919, Other Metal Valve 

and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing luggage and utility racks--are classified in Industry 336390, Other Motor Vehicle Parts 

Manufacturing. 

3326 Spring and Wire Product ManufacturingT 

33261 Spring and Wire Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing steel springs by forming, such as 

cutting, bending, and heat winding, metal rod or strip stock and/or (2) manufacturing wire springs and fabricated 

wire products from wire drawn elsewhere (except watch and clock springs). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing watch and clock springs from purchased wire--are classified in Industry 33451, 

Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing; 

 Drawing wire and manufacturing wire products--are classified in Subsector 331, Primary Metal 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing nonferrous insulated wire from wire drawn elsewhere--are classified in Industry 33592, 

Communication and Energy Wire and Cable Manufacturing. 

332613 Spring Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing springs from purchased wire, 

strip, or rod. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing watch and clock springs--are classified in U.S. Industry 334519, Other Measuring and 

Controlling Device Manufacturing; and 

 Producing wire, strip, or rod and further fabricating springs--are classified in Subsector 331, Primary Metal 

Manufacturing. 

332618 Other Fabricated Wire Product Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fabricated wire products (except 

springs) made from purchased wire. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Barbed wire made from purchased wire 

Chain link fencing and fence gates made from purchased wire 

Metal baskets made from purchased wire 

Nails, brads, and staples made from purchased wire 

Noninsulated wire cable made from purchased wire 

Paper clips made from purchased wire 

Woven wire cloth made from purchased wire 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Drawing wire and manufacturing wire products--are classified in Subsector 331, Primary Metal 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing springs from purchased wire, strip, or rod--are classified in U.S. Industry 332613, Spring 

Manufacturing; and 

 Insulating nonferrous wire from wire drawn elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 335929, Other 

Communication and Energy Wire Manufacturing. 

3327 Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw, Nut, and Bolt ManufacturingT 

33271 Machine ShopsT 

See industry description for 332710 below. 

332710 Machine Shops

 This industry comprises establishments known as machine shops primarily engaged in machining metal and plastic 

parts and parts of other composite materials on a job or order basis. Generally machine shop jobs are low volume 

using machine tools, such as lathes (including computer numerically controlled); automatic screw machines; and 

machines for boring, grinding, and milling. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Repairing industrial machinery and equipment--are classified in Industry 811310, Commercial and 

Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Manufacturing parts (except on a job or order basis) for machinery and equipment--are generally classified 

in the same manufacturing industry that makes complete machinery and equipment. 

33272 Turned Product and Screw, Nut, and Bolt ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) machining precision turned products or (2) 

manufacturing metal bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and other industrial fasteners. Included in this industry are 

establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing parts for machinery and equipment on a customized basis. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plastics fasteners are classified in Industry 32619, Other 

Plastics Product Manufacturing. 

332721 Precision Turned Product Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as precision turned manufacturers primarily engaged in 

machining precision products of all materials on a job or order basis. Generally precision turned product jobs are 

large volume using machines, such as automatic screw machines, rotary transfer machines, computer numerically 

controlled (CNC) lathes, or turning centers. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metal bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, washers, and other industrial 

fasteners on machines, such as headers, threaders, and nut forming machines, are classified in U.S. Industry 332722, 

Bolt, Nut, Screw, Rivet, and Washer Manufacturing. 

332722 Bolt, Nut, Screw, Rivet, and Washer Manufacturing 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metal bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, 

and washers, and other industrial fasteners using machines, such as headers, threaders, and nut forming machines. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing precision turned products--are classified in U.S. Industry 332721, Precision Turned Product 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing plastics fasteners--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product 

Manufacturing. 

3328 Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and Allied ActivitiesT 

33281 Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and Allied ActivitiesT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) heat treating metals 

and metal products; (2) enameling, lacquering, and varnishing metals and metal products; (3) hot dip galvanizing 

metals and metal products; (4) engraving, chasing, or etching metals and metal products (except jewelry; personal 

goods carried on or about the person, such as compacts and cigarette cases; precious metal products (except precious 

plated flatware and other plated ware); and printing plates); (5) powder coating metals and metal products; (6) 

electroplating, plating, anodizing, coloring, and finishing metals and metal products; and (7) providing other metal 

surfacing services for the trade. Establishments in this industry coat, engrave, and heat treat metals and metal 

formed products fabricated elsewhere. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Engraving, chasing or etching jewelry, metal personal goods, or precious (except precious plated) metal 

flatware and other plated ware--are classified in Industry 33991, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing; 

 Engraving, chasing or etching printing plates--are classified in Industry 32312, Support Activities for 

Printing; and 

 Both fabricating and coating, engraving, and heat treating metals and metal products--are classified in 

manufacturing according to the product made. 

332811 Metal Heat Treating 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in heat treating, such as annealing, tempering, and 

brazing, and cryogenically treating metals and metal products for the trade. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in both fabricating and heat treating metal products are classified in the 

Manufacturing sector according to the product made. 

332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to 

Manufacturers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) enameling, 

lacquering, and varnishing metals and metal products; (2) hot dip galvanizing metals and metal products; (3) 

engraving, chasing, or etching metals and metal products (except jewelry; personal goods carried on or about the 

person, such as compacts and cigarette cases; precious metal products (except precious plated flatware and other 

plated ware); and printing plates); (4) powder coating metals and metal products; and (5) providing other metal 

surfacing services for the trade. Included in this industry are establishments that perform these processes on other 

materials, such as plastics, in addition to metals. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Both fabricating and coating and engraving products--are classified in the Manufacturing sector according 

to the product made; 

 Engraving, chasing or etching jewelry, metal personal goods, or precious metal products (except precious 

plated metal flatware and other plated ware)--are classified in Industry 339910, Jewelry and Silverware 

Manufacturing; and 

 Engraving, chasing or etching printing plates--are classified in Industry 323120, Support Activities for 

Printing. 

332813 Electroplating, Plating, Polishing, Anodizing, and Coloring 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in electroplating, plating, anodizing, coloring, 

buffing, polishing, cleaning, and sandblasting metals and metal products for the trade. Included in this industry are 

establishments that perform these processes on other materials, such as plastics, in addition to metals. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in both fabricating and electroplating, plating, polishing, anodizing, and 

coloring products are classified in the Manufacturing sector according to the product made. 

3329 Other Fabricated Metal Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fabricated metal products 

(except forgings and stampings, cutlery and handtools, architectural and structural metals, boilers, tanks, shipping 

containers, hardware, spring and wire products, machine shop products, turned products, screws, and nuts and bolts). 

33291 Metal Valve ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing one or more of the following metal 

valves: (1) industrial valves; (2) fluid power valves and hose fittings; (3) plumbing fixture fittings and trim; and (4) 

other metal valves and pipe fittings. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing fluid power cylinders and pumps--are classified in Industry 33399, All Other General 

Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing intake and exhaust valves for internal combustion engines--are classified in Industry 33631, 

Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal shower rods and metal couplings from purchased metal pipe--are classified in 

Industry 33299, All Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics aerosol spray nozzles--are classified in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Casting iron pipe fittings and couplings without machining--are classified in Industry 33151, Ferrous Metal 

Foundries; and 

 Manufacturing plastics pipe fittings and couplings--are classified in Industry 32612, Plastics Pipe, Pipe 

Fitting, and Unlaminated Profile Shape Manufacturing. 

332911 Industrial Valve Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial valves and valves for 

water works and municipal water systems. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Complete fire hydrants manufacturing 

Industrial-type ball valves manufacturing 
Industrial-type butterfly valves manufacturing 

Industrial-type check valves manufacturing 

Industrial-type gate valves manufacturing 

Industrial-type globe valves manufacturing 

Industrial-type plug valves manufacturing 

Industrial-type solenoid valves (except fluid power) manufacturing 

Industrial-type steam traps manufacturing 

Valves for nuclear applications manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing fluid power valves--are classified in U.S. Industry 332912, Fluid Power Valve and Hose 

Fitting Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing plumbing and heating valves--are classified in U.S. Industry 332919, Other Metal Valve 

and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing. 

332912 Fluid Power Valve and Hose Fitting Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fluid power valves and hose 

fittings. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Fluid power aircraft subassemblies 

Hose assemblies for fluid power systems 

Hydraulic and pneumatic hose and tube fittings 

Hydraulic and pneumatic valves 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing fluid power cylinders--are classified in U.S. Industry 333995, Fluid Power Cylinder and 

Actuator Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing fluid power pumps--are classified in U.S. Industry 333996, Fluid Power Pump and Motor 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing intake and exhaust valves for internal combustion engines--are classified in Industry 

336310, Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing industrial-type valves--are classified in U.S. Industry 332911, Industrial Valve 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing plumbing and heating valves--are classified in U.S. Industry 332919, Other Metal Valve 

and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing. 

332913 Plumbing Fixture Fitting and Trim Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metal and plastics plumbing 

fixture fittings and trim, such as faucets, flush valves, and shower heads. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing metal shower rods--are classified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous 

Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing fire hose nozzles, lawn hose nozzles, water traps, and couplings--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 332919, Other Metal Valve and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing. 

332919 Other Metal Valve and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metal valves (except industrial 

valves, fluid power valves, fluid power hose fittings, and plumbing fixture fittings and trim). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Aerosol valves manufacturing 

Firefighting nozzles manufacturing 

Lawn hose nozzles manufacturing 

Lawn sprinklers manufacturing 

Metal hose couplings (except fluid power) manufacturing 

Metal pipe flanges and flange unions manufacturing 

Plumbing and heating in-line valves (e.g., check, cutoff, stop) manufacturing 

Water traps manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing fluid power valves and hose fittings--are classified in U.S. Industry 332912, Fluid Power 

Valve and Hose Fitting Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing industrial valves--are classified in U.S. Industry 332911, Industrial Valve Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics aerosol spray nozzles--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics 

Product Manufacturing; 

 Casting iron pipe fittings and couplings without machining--are classified in U.S. Industry 331511, Iron 

Foundries; 

 Manufacturing metal couplings from purchased metal pipe--are classified in U.S. Industry 332996, 

Fabricated Pipe and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing plastics pipe fittings and couplings--are classified in U.S. Industry 326122, Plastics Pipe and 

Pipe Fitting Manufacturing. 

33299 All Other Fabricated Metal Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fabricated metal products (except 

forgings and stampings, cutlery and handtools, architectural and structural metal products, boilers, tanks, shipping 

containers, hardware, spring and wire products, machine shop products, turned products, screws, nuts and bolts, and 

metal valves). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Ammunition manufacturing 

Ball and roller bearing manufacturing 

Enameled iron and metal sanitary ware manufacturing 

Fabricated pipe and pipe fittings made from purchased metal pipe 

Foil container (except bags) manufacturing 

Industrial pattern manufacturing 

Metal safes manufacturing 

Portable metal ladder manufacturing 

Small arms and other ordnance manufacturing 

Steel wool manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing forgings, stampings, and powder metallurgy parts--are classified in Industry 33211, Forging 

and Stamping; 

 Manufacturing cutlery and handtools--are classified in Industry 33221, Cutlery and Handtool 

Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing architectural and structural metals--are classified in Industry Group 3323, Architectural and 

Structural Metals Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing boilers, tanks, and shipping containers--are classified in Industry Group 3324, Boiler, Tank, 

and Shipping Container Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing hardware and safe and vault locks--are classified in Industry 33251, Hardware 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing spring and wire products--are classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing machine shop products, turned products, screws, and nuts and bolts--are classified in 

Industry Group 3327, Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing; 

 Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities--are classified in Industry 33281, Coating, Engraving, 

Heat Treating, and Allied Activities; 

 Manufacturing plain bearings--are classified in Industry 33361, Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission 

Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing military tanks--are classified in Industry 33699, Other Transportation Equipment 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing guided missiles--are classified in Industry 33641, Aerospace Product and Parts 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing cast iron pipe and fittings--are classified in Industry 33151, Ferrous Metal Foundries; 

 Manufacturing pipe system fittings (except cast iron couplings and couplings made from purchased pipe) 

and metal aerosol spray nozzles--are classified in Industry 33291, Metal Valve Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing welded and seamless steel pipes from purchased steel--are classified in Industry 33121, Iron 

and Steel Pipe and Tube Manufacturing from Purchased Steel; 

 Manufacturing plastics plumbing fixtures and plastics portable chemical toilets--are classified in Industry 

32619, Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing vitreous and semivitreous pottery sanitary ware--are classified in Industry 32711, Pottery, 

Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing blasting caps, detonating caps, and safety fuses--are classified in Industry 32592, Explosives 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing fireworks--are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and Preparation 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal furniture frames--are classified in Industry 33721, Office Furniture (including 

Fixtures) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal mechanically refrigerated drinking fountains--are classified in Industry 33341, 

Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal foil bags--are classified in Industry 32222, Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing aluminum foil--are classified in Industry 33131, Alumina and Aluminum Production and 

Processing; 

 Manufacturing metal foil (except aluminum)--are classified in Industry Group 3314, Nonferrous Metal 

(except Aluminum) Production and Processing; and 

 Manufacturing metal burial vaults--are classified in Industry 33999, All Other Miscellaneous 

Manufacturing. 

332991 Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing ball and roller bearings of all 

materials. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing plain bearings are classified in U.S. Industry 333613, 

Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing. 
332992 Small Arms Ammunition Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing small arms ammunition. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing ammunition (except small arms)--are classified in U.S. Industry 332993, Ammunition 

(except Small Arms) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing blasting and detonating caps and safety fuses--are classified in Industry 325920, Explosives 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing fireworks--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical 

Product and Preparation Manufacturing. 

332993 Ammunition (except Small Arms) Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing ammunition (except small arms). 

Examples of products made by these establishments are bombs, depth charges, rockets (except guided missiles), 

grenades, mines, and torpedoes. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing small arms ammunition--are classified in U.S. Industry 332992, Small Arms Ammunition 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing blasting and detonating caps and safety fuses--are classified in Industry 325920, Explosives 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing fireworks--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical 

Product and Preparation Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing guided missiles--are classified in U.S. Industry 336414, Guided Missile and Space Vehicle 

Manufacturing. 

332994 Small Arms, Ordnance, and Ordnance Accessories Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing small arms, other ordnance, 

and/or ordnance accessories. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing military tanks--are classified in U.S. Industry 336992, Military Armored Vehicle, Tank, and 

Tank Component Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing guided missiles--are classified in U.S. Industry 336414, Guided Missile and Space Vehicle 

Manufacturing. 

332996 Fabricated Pipe and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in fabricating, such as cutting, threading, and 

bending metal pipes and pipe fittings made from purchased metal pipe. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing cast iron pipe and fittings--are classified in U.S. Industry 331511, Iron Foundries; 

 Manufacturing pipe system fittings (except cast iron couplings)--are classified in U.S. Industry 332919, 

Other Metal Valve and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing welded and seamless steel pipes from purchased steel--are classified in Industry 331210, 

Iron and Steel Pipe and Tube Manufacturing from Purchased Steel. 
332999 All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fabricated metal products (except 

forgings and stampings, cutlery and handtools, architectural and structural metals, boilers, tanks, shipping 

containers, hardware, spring and wire products, machine shop products, turned products, screws, nuts and bolts, 

metal valves, ball and roller bearings, ammunition, small arms and other ordnances and accessories, and fabricated 

pipes and pipe fittings). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Foil containers (except bags) manufacturing 

Industrial pattern manufacturing 

Metal hair curlers manufacturing 

Metal ironing boards manufacturing 

Metal pallets manufacturing 

Metal pipe hangers and supports manufacturing 

Metal safes manufacturing 

Metal vaults (except burial) manufacturing 

Permanent metallic magnets manufacturing 

Portable metal ladders manufacturing 

Sanitary ware (e.g., bathtubs, lavatories, sinks), metal and enameled metal, manufacturing 

Steel wool manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing forgings and stampings--are classified in Industry 33211, Forging and Stamping; 

 Manufacturing cutlery and handtools--are classified in Industry 33221, Cutlery and Handtool 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing architectural and structural metals--are classified in Industry Group 3323, Architectural and 

Structural Metals Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing boilers, tanks, and shipping containers--are classified in Industry Group 3324, Boiler, Tank, 

and Shipping Container Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing hardware and safe and vault locks--are classified in Industry 332510, Hardware 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing spring and wire products--are classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing machine shop products, turned products, screws, and nut and bolt--are classified in Industry 

Group 3327, Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing; 

 Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities--are classified in Industry 33281, Coating, Engraving, 

Heat Treating, and Allied Activities; 

 Manufacturing ball and roller bearings--are classified in U.S. Industry 332991, Ball and Roller Bearing 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing small arms ammunition--are classified in U.S. Industry 332992, Small Arms Ammunition 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing ammunition (except small arms)--are classified in U.S. Industry 332993, Ammunition 

(except Small Arms) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing small firearms that are carried and fired by the individual and/or other ordnance and 

accessories--are classified in U.S. Industry 332994, Small Arms, Ordnance, and Ordnance Accessories 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal pipes and pipe fittings from metal pipe produced elsewhere--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 332996, Fabricated Pipe and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing cast iron pipe and fittings--are classified in U.S. Industry 331511, Iron Foundries; 

 Manufacturing welded and seamless steel pipes from purchased steel--are classified in Industry 331210, 

Iron and Steel Pipe and Tube Manufacturing from Purchased Steel; 
 Manufacturing metal furniture frames--are classified in U.S. Industry 337215, Showcase, Partition, 

Shelving, and Locker Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing powder metallurgy parts--are classified in U.S. Industry 332117, Powder Metallurgy Part 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal boxes--are classified in U.S. Industry 332439, Other Metal Container Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal nozzles, hose couplings, and aerosol valves--are classified in U.S. Industry 332919, 

Other Metal Valve and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal foil bags--are classified in Industry 322220, Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing aluminum foil--are classified in Industry 33131, Alumina and Aluminum Production and 

Processing; 

 Manufacturing metal foil (except aluminum)--are classified in Industry Group 3314, Nonferrous Metal 

(except Aluminum) Production and Processing; 

 Manufacturing metal burial vaults--are classified in U.S. Industry 339995, Burial Casket Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics plumbing fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 326191, Plastics Plumbing 

Fixture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing vitreous and semivitreous pottery sanitary ware--are classified in Industry 327110, Pottery, 

Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics portable chemical toilets--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics 

Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing metal mechanically refrigerated drinking fountains--are classified in U.S. Industry 333415, 

Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration 

Equipment Manufacturing. 

333 Machinery ManufacturingT 

 Industries in the Machinery Manufacturing subsector create end products that apply mechanical force, for 

example, the application of gears and levers, to perform work. Some important processes for the manufacture of 

machinery are forging, stamping, bending, forming, and machining that are used to shape individual pieces of metal. 

Processes, such as welding and assembling are used to join separate parts together. Although these processes are 

similar to those used in metal fabricating establishments, machinery manufacturing is different because it typically 

employs multiple metal forming processes in manufacturing the various parts of the machine. Moreover, complex 

assembly operations are an inherent part of the production process. 

 In general, design considerations are very important in machinery production. Establishments specialize in making 

machinery designed for particular applications. Thus, design is considered to be part of the production process for 

the purpose of implementing NAICS. The NAICS structure reflects this by defining industries and industry groups 

that make machinery for different applications. A broad distinction exists between machinery that is generally used 

in a variety of industrial applications (i.e., general purpose machinery) and machinery that is designed to be used in 

a particular industry (i.e., special purpose machinery). Three industry groups consist of special purpose machinery--

Agricultural, Construction, and Mining Machinery Manufacturing; Industrial Machinery Manufacturing; and 

Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing. The other industry groups make general-purpose 

machinery: Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; 

Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing; Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing; and 

Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing. 

3331 Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Machinery ManufacturingT 

33311 Agricultural Implement ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing farm machinery and equipment, 

powered mowing equipment and other powered home lawn and garden equipment. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Combines (i.e., harvester-threshers) manufacturing 
Cotton ginning machinery manufacturing 

Fertilizing machinery, farm-type, manufacturing 

Haying machines manufacturing 

Milking machines manufacturing 

Planting machines, farm-type, manufacturing 

Plows, farm-type, manufacturing 

Poultry brooders, feeders, and waterers manufacturing 

Powered lawnmowers manufacturing 

Snowblowers and throwers, residential-type, manufacturing 

Tractors and attachments, lawn and garden-type and farm-type, manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing agricultural handtools and nonpowered lawnmowers--are classified in Industry 33221, 

Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing farm conveyors--are classified in Industry 33392, Material Handling Equipment 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing forestry machinery and equipment, such as brush, limb and log chippers; log splitters; and 

equipment--are classified in Industry 33312, Construction Machinery Manufacturing. 

333111 Farm Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing agricultural and farm machinery 

and equipment, and other turf and grounds care equipment, including planting, harvesting, and grass mowing 

equipment (except lawn and garden-type). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Combines (i.e., harvester-threshers) manufacturing 

Cotton ginning machinery manufacturing 

Feed processing equipment, farm-type, manufacturing 

Fertilizing machinery, farm-type, manufacturing 

Haying machines manufacturing 

Milking machines manufacturing 

Planting machines, farm-type, manufacturing 

Plows, farm-type, manufacturing 

Poultry brooders, feeders, and waterers manufacturing 

Tractors and attachments, farm-type, manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing farm conveyors--are classified in U.S. Industry 333922, Conveyor and Conveying 

Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing tractors and lawnmowers for home lawn and garden care--are classified in U.S. Industry 

333112, Lawn and Garden Tractor and Home Lawn and Garden Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing construction-type tractors--are classified in Industry 333120, Construction Machinery 

Manufacturing. 

333112 Lawn and Garden Tractor and Home Lawn and Garden Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing powered lawnmowers, lawn and 

garden tractors, and other home lawn and garden equipment, such as tillers, shredders, yard vacuums, and leaf 

blowers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing commercial mowing and other turf and grounds care equipment--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 333111, Farm Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing nonpowered lawn and garden shears, edgers, pruners, and lawnmowers--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing. 

33312 Construction Machinery ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 333120 below. 

333120 Construction Machinery Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing construction machinery, surface 

mining machinery, and logging equipment. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Backhoes manufacturing 

Bulldozers manufacturing 

Construction and surface mining-type rock drill bits manufacturing 

Construction-type tractors and attachments manufacturing 

Off-highway trucks manufacturing 

Pile-driving equipment manufacturing 

Portable crushing, pulverizing, and screening machinery manufacturing 

Powered post hole diggers manufacturing 

Road graders manufacturing 

Surface mining machinery (except drilling) manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing drilling and underground mining machinery and equipment--are classified in Industry 

33313, Mining and Oil and Gas Field Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing industrial plant overhead traveling cranes, hoists, truck-type cranes and hoists, winches, 

aerial work platforms, and automotive wrecker hoists--are classified in Industry 33392, Material Handling 

Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing rail layers, ballast distributors and other railroad track-laying equipment--are classified in 

Industry 336510, Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing. 

33313 Mining and Oil and Gas Field Machinery ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing oil and gas field and underground 

mining machinery and equipment. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Coal breakers, cutters, and pulverizers manufacturing 

Core drills, underground mining-type, manufacturing 

Mineral processing and beneficiating machinery manufacturing 

Mining cars manufacturing 

Oil and gas field-type derricks manufacturing 

Oil and gas field-type drilling machinery and equipment (except offshore floating platforms) manufacturing 

Stationary rock crushing machinery manufacturing 

Water well drilling machinery manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing offshore oil and gas well drilling and production floating platforms--are classified in 

Industry 33661, Ship and Boat Building; 

 Manufacturing surface mining machinery and equipment--are classified in Industry 33312, Construction 

Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing coal and ore conveyors--are classified in Industry 33392, Material Handling Equipment 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing underground mining locomotives--are classified in Industry 33651, Railroad Rolling Stock 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing pumps and pumping equipment--are classified in Industry 33391, Pump and Compressor 

Manufacturing. 

333131 Mining Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing underground mining 

machinery and equipment, such as coal breakers, mining cars, core drills, coal cutters, rock drills and (2) 

manufacturing mineral beneficiating machinery and equipment used in surface or underground mines. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing surface mining machinery and equipment--are classified in Industry 333120, Construction 

Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing well-drilling machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333132, Oil and Gas Field 

Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing coal and ore conveyors--are classified in U.S. Industry 333922, Conveyor and Conveying 

Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing underground mining locomotives--are classified in Industry 336510, Railroad Rolling Stock 

Manufacturing. 

333132 Oil and Gas Field Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing oil and gas field machinery 

and equipment, such as oil and gas field drilling machinery and equipment; oil and gas field production machinery 

and equipment; and oil and gas field derricks and (2) manufacturing water well drilling machinery. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing offshore oil and gas well drilling and production floating platforms--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 336611, Ship Building and Repairing; 

 Manufacturing underground mining drills--are classified in U.S. Industry 333131, Mining Machinery and 

Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing pumps and pumping equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333911, Pump and Pumping 

Equipment Manufacturing. 

3332 Industrial Machinery ManufacturingT 

33324 Industrial Machinery ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial machinery, such as food 

and beverage manufacturing machinery, semiconductor manufacturing machinery, sawmill and woodworking 

machinery (except handheld), machinery for making paper and paper products, printing and binding machinery and 

equipment, textile making machinery, and machinery for making plastics and rubber products. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing agricultural and farm-type, construction, and mining machinery--are classified in Industry 

Group 3331, Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing food and beverage packaging machinery or power-driven handtools--are classified in 

Industry 33399, All Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing commercial and industrial refrigeration and freezer equipment--are classified in Industry 

33341, Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing commercial-type cooking and food warming equipment, automotive maintenance 

equipment (except mechanics’ handtools), or photocopiers--are classified in Industry 33331, Commercial 

and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing mechanics’ handtools and other nonpowered handtools--are classified in Industry 33221, 

Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing. 

333241 Food Product Machinery Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing food and beverage 

manufacturing-type machinery and equipment, such as dairy product plant machinery and equipment (e.g., 

homogenizers, pasteurizers, ice cream freezers), bakery machinery and equipment (e.g., dough mixers, bake ovens, 

pastry rolling machines), meat and poultry processing and preparation machinery, and other commercial food 

products machinery (e.g., slicers, choppers, and mixers). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing food and beverage packaging machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333993, Packaging 

Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing commercial and industrial refrigeration and freezer equipment--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 333415, Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial 

Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing commercial-type cooking and food warming equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 

333318, Other Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing. 

333242 Semiconductor Machinery Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wafer processing equipment, 

semiconductor assembly and packaging equipment, and other semiconductor making machinery. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing printed circuit board manufacturing machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333249, 

Other Industrial Machinery Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing semiconductor testing instruments--are classified in U.S. Industry 334515, Instrument 

Manufacturing for Measuring and Testing Electricity and Electrical Signals. 

333243 Sawmill, Woodworking, and Paper Machinery Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing sawmill and woodworking 

machinery (except handheld), such as circular and band sawing equipment, planing machinery, and sanding 

machinery, and/or (2) manufacturing paper industry machinery for making paper and paper products, such as pulp 

making machinery, paper and paperboard making machinery, and paper and paperboard converting machinery. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing planes, axes, drawknives, and handsaws--are classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blade 

and Handtool Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing power-driven handtools--are classified in U.S. Industry 333991, Power-Driven Handtool 

Manufacturing; and 
 Manufacturing printing machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333244, Printing Machinery and 

Equipment Manufacturing. 

333244 Printing Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing printing and bookbinding 

machinery and equipment, such as printing presses, typesetting machinery, and bindery machinery. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing textile printing machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333249, Other Industrial 

Machinery Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing photocopiers--are classified in U.S. Industry 333316, Photographic and Photocopying 

Equipment Manufacturing. 

333249 Other Industrial Machinery Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial machinery (except 

agricultural and farm-type; construction and mining machinery; food manufacturing-type machinery; semiconductor 

making machinery; sawmill, woodworking, and paper making machinery; and printing machinery and equipment). 

 

Illustrative Examples: 

Chemical processing machinery and equipment manufacturing 

Cigarette making machinery manufacturing 

Glass making machinery (e.g., blowing, forming, molding) manufacturing 

Petroleum refining machinery manufacturing 

Plastics working machinery manufacturing 

Rubber working machinery manufacturing 

Sewing machines (including household-type) manufacturing 

Shoe making and repairing machinery manufacturing 

Tannery machinery manufacturing 

Textile making machinery manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing agricultural and farm-type, construction, and mining machinery--are classified in Industry 

Group 3331, Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing food and beverage manufacturing-type machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333241, 

Food Product Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing semiconductor making machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333242, Semiconductor 

Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing sawmill, woodworking, and paper and paperboard making machinery--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 333243, Sawmill, Woodworking, and Paper Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing printing and bookbinding machinery and equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333244, 

Printing Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing automotive maintenance equipment (except mechanics’ handtools)--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 333318, Other Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing mechanics' handtools--are classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blade and Handtool 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing industrial metal molds for plastics and rubber products making machinery--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 333511, Industrial Mold Manufacturing. 

3333 Commercial and Service Industry Machinery ManufacturingT 
33331 Commercial and Service Industry Machinery ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing commercial and service machinery, 

such as optical instruments, photographic and photocopying equipment, automatic vending machinery, commercial 

laundry and dry-cleaning machinery, office machinery, automotive maintenance equipment (except mechanics’ 

handtools), and commercial-type cooking equipment.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing household-type appliances--are classified in Industry Group 3352, Household Appliance 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing computer and peripheral equipment (including point-of-sale terminals and automatic teller 

machines (ATMs))--are classified in Industry 33411, Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing facsimile equipment--are classified in Industry 33421, Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing timeclocks, timestamps, and electron and proton microscopes--are classified in Industry 

33451, Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing pencil sharpeners and staplers--are classified in Industry 33994, Office Supplies (except 

Paper) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing sensitized film, paper, cloth, and plates, and prepared photographic chemicals--are classified 

in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing ophthalmic focus lenses--are classified in Industry 33911, Medical Equipment and Supplies 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing television and video cameras--are classified in Subsector 334, Computer and Electronic 

Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing coin-operated arcade games--are classified in Industry 33999, All Other Miscellaneous 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing mechanics' handtools--are classified in Industry 33221, Cutlery and Handtool 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing molded plastics lens blanks--are classified in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing molded glass lens blanks--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product 

Manufacturing. 

333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

optical instruments and lens, such as binoculars, microscopes (except electron, proton), telescopes, prisms, and 

lenses (except ophthalmic); (2) coating or polishing lenses (except ophthalmic); and (3) mounting lenses (except 

ophthalmic). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing ophthalmic focus lenses--are classified in U.S. Industry 339115, Ophthalmic Goods 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electron and proton microscopes--are classified in U.S. Industry 334516, Analytical 

Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing molded plastics lens blanks--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics 

Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing molded glass lens blanks--are classified in U.S. Industry 327212, Other Pressed and Blown 

Glass and Glassware Manufacturing. 

333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing photographic and photocopying 

equipment, such as cameras (except television and video), projectors, film developing equipment, photocopying 

equipment, and microfilm equipment. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing sensitized film, paper, cloth, and plates, and prepared photographic chemicals--are classified 

in U.S. Industry 325992, Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing photographic lenses--are classified in U.S. Industry 333314, Optical Instrument and Lens 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing television and video cameras--are classified in Subsector 334, Computer and Electronic 

Product Manufacturing. 

333318 Other Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing commercial and service industry 

equipment (except optical instruments and lenses, and photographic and photocopying equipment). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Calculators manufacturing 

Carnival and amusement park rides manufacturing 

Carwashing machinery manufacturing 

Commercial-type coffee makers and urns manufacturing 

Commercial-type cooking equipment (i.e., fryers, microwave ovens, ovens, ranges) manufacturing Industrial and 

commercial-type vacuum cleaners manufacturing 

Laundry machinery and equipment (except household-type) manufacturing 

Mechanical carpet sweepers manufacturing 

Motor vehicle alignment equipment manufacturing 

Power washer cleaning equipment manufacturing 

Teaching machines (e.g., flight simulators) manufacturing 

Vending machines manufacturing 

Water treatment equipment manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing optical instruments and lenses--are classified in U.S. Industry 333314, Optical Instrument 

and Lens Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing photographic and photocopying equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333316, 

Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing household-type appliances--are classified in Industry Group 3352, Household Appliance 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing mechanics' handtools--are classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blade and Handtool 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing coin-operated arcade games--are classified in U.S. Industry 339999, All Other 

Miscellaneous Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing computers and peripheral (including point-of-sale terminals and automatic teller machines 

(ATMs)) equipment--are classified in Industry 33411, Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing facsimile equipment--are classified in Industry 334210, Telephone Apparatus 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing timeclocks and timestamps--are classified in U.S. Industry 334519, Other Measuring and 

Controlling Device Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing pencil sharpeners, staplers, staple removers, hand paper punches, cutters, trimmers, and 

other hand office equipment--are classified in Industry 339940, Office Supplies (except Paper) 

Manufacturing. 
3334 Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment 

ManufacturingT 

33341 Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment 

ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing ventilating, heating, air-conditioning, 

and commercial and industrial refrigeration and freezer equipment. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Air-conditioner filters manufacturing 

Air-conditioning and warm air heating combination units manufacturing 

Attic fans manufacturing 

Dust and fume collecting equipment manufacturing 

Gas fireplaces manufacturing 

Heating boilers manufacturing 

Industrial and commercial-type fans manufacturing 

Refrigerated counter and display cases manufacturing 

Refrigerated drinking fountains manufacturing 

Space heaters (except portable electric) manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing household-type fans (except attic), portable electric space heaters, humidifiers, 

dehumidifiers, and air purification equipment--are classified in Industry 33521, Small Electrical Appliance 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing household-type appliances, such as cooking stoves, ranges, refrigerators, and freezers--are 

classified in Industry 33522, Major Appliance Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing commercial-type cooking equipment--are classified in Industry 33331, Commercial and 

Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing industrial, power, and marine boilers--are classified in Industry 33241, Power Boiler and 

Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing industrial process furnaces and ovens--are classified in Industry 33399, All Other General 

Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle air-conditioning systems and compressors--are classified in Industry 33639, 

Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing. 

333413 Industrial and Commercial Fan and Blower and Air Purification Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing stationary air purification 

equipment, such as industrial dust and fume collection equipment, electrostatic precipitation equipment, warm air 

furnace filters, air washers, and other dust collection equipment, and/or (2) manufacturing attic fans and industrial 

and commercial fans and blowers, such as commercial exhaust fans and commercial ventilating fans. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing air-conditioning equipment (except motor vehicle)--are classified in U.S. Industry 333415, 

Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration 

Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle air-conditioning systems and compressors--are classified in Industry 336390, 

Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing household-type fans (except attic) and portable air purification equipment--are classified in 

Industry 335210, Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing. 
333414 Heating Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing heating equipment (except 

electric and warm air furnaces), such as heating boilers, heating stoves, floor and wall furnaces, and wall and 

baseboard heating units. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing warm air furnaces--are classified in U.S. Industry 333415, Air-Conditioning and Warm Air 

Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electric space heaters--are classified in Industry 335210, Small Electrical Appliance 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing household-type cooking stoves and ranges--are classified in U.S. Industry 335221, 

Household Cooking Appliance Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing industrial, power, and marine boilers--are classified in Industry 332410, Power Boiler and 

Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing industrial process furnaces and ovens--are classified in U.S. Industry 333994, Industrial 

Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing commercial-type cooking equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333318, Other 

Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing. 

333415 Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration 

Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing air-conditioning (except 

motor vehicle) and warm air furnace equipment and/or (2) manufacturing commercial and industrial refrigeration 

and freezer equipment. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Air-conditioning and warm air heating combination units manufacturing 

Air-conditioning compressors (except motor vehicle) manufacturing 

Air-conditioning condensers and condensing units manufacturing 

Dehumidifiers (except portable electric) manufacturing 

Heat pumps manufacturing 

Humidifying equipment (except portable) manufacturing 

Refrigerated counter and display cases manufacturing 

Refrigerated drinking fountains manufacturing 

Snow making machinery manufacturing 

Soda fountain cooling and dispensing equipment manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle air-conditioning systems and compressors--are classified in Industry 336390, 

Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing household-type refrigerators and freezers--are classified in U.S. Industry 335222, 

Household Refrigerator and Home Freezer Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing portable electric space heaters, humidifiers, and dehumidifiers--are classified in Industry 

335210, Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing heating boilers, heating stoves, floor and wall mount furnaces, and electric wall and 

baseboard heating units--are classified in U.S. Industry 333414, Heating Equipment (except Warm Air 

Furnaces) Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing furnace air filters--are classified in U.S. Industry 333413, Industrial and Commercial Fan 

and Blower and Air Purification Equipment Manufacturing. 
3335 Metalworking Machinery ManufacturingT 

33351 Metalworking Machinery ManufacturingT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metalworking machinery, such as 

metal cutting and metal forming machine tools; cutting tools; and accessories for metalworking machinery; special 

dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures; industrial molds; rolling mill machinery; assembly machinery; coil handling, 

conversion, or straightening equipment; and wire drawing and fabricating machines. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing handtools (except power-driven), cutting dies (except metal cutting), sawblades, and 

handsaws--are classified in Industry 33221, Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing casting molds for heavy steel ingots--are classified in Industry 33151, Ferrous Metal 

Foundries; and 

 Manufacturing power-driven handtools and welding and soldering equipment--are classified in Industry 

33399, All Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing. 

333511 Industrial Mold Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial molds for casting 

metals or forming other materials, such as plastics, glass, or rubber. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing casting molds for steel ingots are classified in U.S. Industry 

331511, Iron Foundries. 

333514 Special Die and Tool, Die Set, Jig, and Fixture Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments, known as tool and die shops, primarily engaged in manufacturing 

special tools and fixtures, such as cutting dies and jigs. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing molds for die-casting and foundry casting; and metal molds for plaster working, rubber 

working, plastics working, and glass working machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333511, Industrial 

Mold Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing molds for heavy steel ingots--are classified in U.S. Industry 331511, Iron Foundries; and 

 Manufacturing cutting dies for materials other than metal--are classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw 

Blade and Handtool Manufacturing. 

333515 Cutting Tool and Machine Tool Accessory Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing accessories and attachments for 

metal cutting and metal forming machine tools. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Knives and bits for metalworking lathes, planers, and shapers manufacturing 

Measuring attachments (e.g., sine bars) for machine tool manufacturing 

Metalworking drill bits manufacturing 

Taps and dies (i.e., machine tool accessories) manufacturing 
Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing saw blades and handsaws or accessories and attachments for 

cutting and forming machines (except metal cutting, metal forming machinery) are classified in U.S. Industry 

332216, Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing. 

333517 Machine Tool Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing metal cutting machine tools 

(except handtools) and/or (2) manufacturing metal forming machine tools (except handtools), such as punching, 

sheering, bending, forming, pressing, forging and die-casting machines. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bending and forming machines, metalworking, manufacturing

Buffing and polishing machines, metalworking, manufacturing

Drilling machines, metalworking, manufacturing

Grinding machines, metalworking, manufacturing

Home workshop metal cutting machine tools (except handtools, welding equipment) manufacturing

Metalworking lathes manufacturing

Milling machines, metalworking, manufacturing

Stamping machines, metalworking, manufacturing

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing welding and soldering equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333992, Welding and 

Soldering Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing power-driven handtools--are classified in U.S. Industry 333991, Power-Driven Handtool 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing rolling mill machinery and equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333519, Rolling Mill 

and Other Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing accessories and attachments for metal forming machine tools--are classified in U.S. Industry 

333515, Cutting Tool and Machine Tool Accessory Manufacturing. 

333519 Rolling Mill and Other Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing rolling mill machinery and 

equipment and/or other metal working machinery (except industrial molds; special dies and tools, die sets, jigs, and 

fixtures; cutting tools and machine tool accessories; and machine tools). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Assembly machines manufacturing 

Cradle assemblies machinery (i.e., wire making equipment) manufacturing 

Metalworking coil winding and cutting machinery manufacturing 

Rolling mill roll machines, metalworking, manufacturing 

Wire drawing and fabricating machinery and equipment (except dies) manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing industrial molds--are classified in U.S. Industry 333511, Industrial Mold Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal cutting and metal forming machine tools--are classified in U.S. Industry 333517, 

Machine Tool Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing special dies and tools, die sets, jigs, and fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 333514, 

Special Die and Tool, Die Set, Jig, and Fixture Manufacturing; and 
 Manufacturing cutting tools and machine tool accessories--are classified in U.S. Industry 333515, Cutting 

Tool and Machine Tool Accessory Manufacturing. 

3336 Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment ManufacturingT 

33361 Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing turbines, power transmission 

equipment, and internal combustion engines (except automotive gasoline and aircraft). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Clutches and brakes (except electromagnetic industrial controls, motor vehicle) manufacturing 

Diesel and semidiesel engines manufacturing 

Electric outboard motors manufacturing 

Plain bearings (except internal combustion engine) manufacturing 

Plain bushings (except internal combustion engine) manufacturing 

Power transmission pulleys manufacturing 

Speed changers (i.e., power transmission equipment) manufacturing 

Speed reducers (i.e., power transmission equipment) manufacturing 

Turbine generator set units manufacturing 

Universal joints (except aircraft, motor vehicle) manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle power transmission equipment--are classified in Industry 33635, Motor 

Vehicle Transmission and Power Train Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing aircraft engines and aircraft power transmission equipment--are classified in Industry 

33641, Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing ball and roller bearings--are classified in Industry 33299, All Other Fabricated Metal 

Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing gasoline automotive engines--are classified in Industry 33631, Motor Vehicle Gasoline 

Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing electric power transmission, electric power distribution equipment, generators, or prime 

mover generator sets (except turbines)--are classified in Industry 33531, Electrical Equipment 

Manufacturing. 

333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing turbines (except aircraft); and 

complete turbine generator set units, such as steam, hydraulic, gas, and wind. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing aircraft turbines--are classified in U.S. Industry 336412, Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing generators or prime mover generator sets (except turbines)--are classified in U.S. Industry 

335312, Motor and Generator Manufacturing. 

333612 Speed Changer, Industrial High-Speed Drive, and Gear Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing gears, speed changers, and 

industrial high-speed drives (except hydrostatic). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing motor vehicle power transmission equipment--are classified in Industry 336350, Motor 

Vehicle Transmission and Power Train Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing aircraft power transmission equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 336413, Other 

Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing industrial hydrostatic transmissions--are classified in U.S. Industry 333996, Fluid Power 

Pump and Motor Manufacturing. 

333613 Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing mechanical power transmission 

equipment (except motor vehicle and aircraft), such as plain bearings, clutches (except motor vehicle and 

electromagnetic industrial control), couplings, joints, and drive chains. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle power transmission equipment--are classified in Industry 336350, Motor 

Vehicle Transmission and Power Train Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing aircraft power transmission equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 336413, Other 

Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing ball and roller bearings--are classified in U.S. Industry 332991, Ball and Roller Bearing 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing gears, speed changers, and industrial high-speed drives (except hydrostatic)--are classified 

in U.S. Industry 333612, Speed Changer, Industrial High-Speed Drive, and Gear Manufacturing. 

333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing internal combustion engines 

(except automotive gasoline and aircraft). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing gasoline motor vehicle engines and motor vehicle transmissions--are classified in Industry 

Group 3363, Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing gasoline aircraft engines and aircraft transmissions--are classified in Industry 33641, 

Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing turbine and turbine generator sets units--are classified in U.S. Industry 333611, Turbine and 

Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing speed changers and industrial high-speed drivers and gears--are classified in U.S. Industry 

333612, Speed Changer, Industrial High-Speed Drive, and Gear Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing mechanical power transmission equipment (except motor vehicle and aircraft)--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 333613, Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing. 

3339 Other General Purpose Machinery ManufacturingT 

33391 Pump and Compressor ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pumps and compressors, such as 

general purpose air and gas compressors, nonagricultural spraying and dusting equipment, general purpose pumps 

and pumping equipment (except fluid power pumps and motors), and measuring and dispensing pumps. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing fluid power pumps and motors and handheld pneumatic spray guns--are classified in 

Industry 33399, All Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing agricultural spraying and dusting equipment--are classified in Industry 33311, Agricultural 

Implement Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing laboratory vacuum pumps--are classified in Industry 33911, Medical Equipment and 

Supplies Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing pumps and air-conditioning systems and compressors for motor vehicles--are classified in 

Industry Group 3363, Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing air-conditioning systems and compressors (except motor vehicle)--are classified in Industry 

33341, Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing. 

333911 Pump and Pumping Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing general purpose pumps and 

pumping equipment (except fluid power pumps and motors), such as reciprocating pumps, turbine pumps, 

centrifugal pumps, rotary pumps, diaphragm pumps, domestic water system pumps, oil well and oil field pumps and 

sump pumps. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing fluid power pumps and motors--are classified in U.S. Industry 333996, Fluid Power Pump 

and Motor Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing measuring and dispensing pumps--are classified in U.S. Industry 333913, Measuring and 

Dispensing Pump Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing vacuum pumps (except laboratory)--are classified in U.S. Industry 333912, Air and Gas 

Compressor Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing laboratory vacuum pumps--are classified in U.S. Industry 339113, Surgical Appliance and 

Supplies Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing fluid pumps for motor vehicles, such as oil pumps, water pumps, and power steering 

pumps--are classified in Industry Group 3363, Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing. 

333912 Air and Gas Compressor Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing general purpose air and gas 

compressors, such as reciprocating compressors, centrifugal compressors, vacuum pumps (except laboratory), and 

nonagricultural spraying and dusting compressors and spray gun units. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing refrigeration and air-conditioning (except motor vehicle) systems and compressors--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 333415, Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial 

and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle air-conditioning systems and compressors--are classified in Industry 336390, 

Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing fluid power pumps and motors--are classified in U.S. Industry 333996, Fluid Power Pump 

and Motor Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing agricultural spraying and dusting equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333111, Farm 

Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing laboratory vacuum pumps--are classified in U.S. Industry 339113, Surgical Appliance and 

Supplies Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing handheld pneumatic spray guns--are classified in U.S. Industry 333991, Power-Driven 

Handtool Manufacturing. 

333913 Measuring and Dispensing Pump Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing measuring and dispensing 

pumps, such as gasoline pumps and lubricating oil measuring and dispensing pumps. 
Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pumps and pumping equipment for general industrial use are 

classified in U.S. Industry 333911, Pump and Pumping Equipment Manufacturing. 

33392 Material Handling Equipment ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing material handling equipment, such as 

elevators and moving stairs; conveyors and conveying equipment; overhead traveling cranes, hoists, and monorail 

systems; and industrial trucks, tractors, trailers, and stacker machinery. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle-type trailers--are classified in Industry 33621, Motor Vehicle Body and 

Trailer Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing farm-type tractors--are classified in Industry 33311, Agricultural Implement Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing construction-type tractors and cranes--are classified in Industry 33312, Construction 

Machinery Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing power transmission pulleys--are classified in Industry 33361, Engine, Turbine, and Power 

Transmission Equipment Manufacturing. 

333921 Elevator and Moving Stairway Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing elevators and moving stairways. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automobile lifts (i.e., garage-type, service station) manufacturing 

Escalators manufacturing 

Moving walkways manufacturing 

Passenger and freight elevators manufacturing 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing commercial conveyor systems and equipment are classified in 

U.S. Industry 333922, Conveyor and Conveying Equipment Manufacturing. 

333922 Conveyor and Conveying Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing conveyors and conveying 

equipment, such as gravity conveyors, trolley conveyors, tow conveyors, pneumatic tube conveyors, carousel 

conveyors, farm conveyors, and belt conveyors. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing passenger or freight elevators, dumbwaiters, and moving stairways--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 333921, Elevator and Moving Stairway Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing overhead traveling cranes and monorail systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 333923, 

Overhead Traveling Crane, Hoist, and Monorail System Manufacturing. 

333923 Overhead Traveling Crane, Hoist, and Monorail System Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing overhead traveling cranes, hoists, 

and monorail systems. 
Illustrative Examples: 

Aerial work platforms manufacturing 

Automobile wrecker (i.e., tow truck) hoists manufacturing 

Block and tackle manufacturing 

Metal pulleys (except power transmission) manufacturing 

Winches manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing construction-type cranes--are classified in Industry 333120, Construction Machinery 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing aircraft loading hoists--are classified in U.S. Industry 333924, Industrial Truck, Tractor, 

Trailer, and Stacker Machinery Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing power transmission pulleys--are classified in U.S. Industry 333613, Mechanical Power 

Transmission Equipment Manufacturing. 

333924 Industrial Truck, Tractor, Trailer, and Stacker Machinery Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial trucks, tractors, 

trailers, and stackers (i.e., truck-type) such as forklifts, pallet loaders and unloaders, and portable loading docks. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle-type trailers--are classified in Industry 33621, Motor Vehicle Body and 

Trailer Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing farm-type tractors--are classified in U.S. Industry 333111, Farm Machinery and Equipment 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing construction-type tractors--are classified in Industry 333120, Construction Machinery 

Manufacturing. 

33399 All Other General Purpose Machinery ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing general purpose machinery (except 

ventilation, heating, air-conditioning, and commercial refrigeration equipment; metal working machinery; engines, 

turbines, and power transmission equipment; pumps and compressors; and material handling equipment). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automatic fire sprinkler systems manufacturing 

Bridge and gate lifting machinery manufacturing 

Fluid power cylinders manufacturing 

Fluid power pumps manufacturing 

Hydraulic and pneumatic jacks manufacturing 

Industrial-type furnaces manufacturing 

Packaging machinery manufacturing 

Power-driven handtools manufacturing 

Scales manufacturing 

Welding equipment manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing ventilating, heating, air-conditioning (except motor vehicle), commercial refrigeration, and 

furnace filters--are classified in Industry 33341, Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial 

Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metalworking machinery--are classified in Industry Group 3335, Metalworking Machinery 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment--are classified in Industry Group 3336, 

Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing pumps and compressors--are classified in Industry 33391, Pump and Compressor 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing material handling equipment--are classified in Industry 33392, Material Handling 

Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle air-conditioning systems and compressors, engine filters, and pumps--are 

classified in Industry Group 3363, Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal cutting and metal forming machinery--are classified in Industry 33351, Metalworking 

Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing power driven heavy construction and mining hand operated tools, such as tampers and 

augers--are classified in Industries 33312, Construction Machinery Manufacturing and 33313, Mining and 

Oil and Gas Field Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing bakery ovens and industrial kilns, such as cement, wood, and chemical--are classified in 

Industry 33324, Industrial Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing mechanical jacks, handheld soldering irons, countersink bits, drill bits, router bits, milling 

cutters, and other machine tools for woodcutting--are classified in Industry 33221, Cutlery and Handtool 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing carnival amusement park equipment, automotive maintenance equipment, and coin-operated 

vending machines--are classified in Industry 33331, Commercial and Service Industry Machinery 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing transformers for arc-welding--are classified in Industry 33531, Electrical Equipment 

Manufacturing. 

333991 Power-Driven Handtool Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing power-driven (e.g., battery, 

corded, pneumatic) handtools, such as drills, screwguns, circular saws, chain saws, staplers, and nailers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing metal cutting-type and metal forming-type machines (including home workshop)--are 

classified in Industry 33351, Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing countersink bits, drill bits, router bits, milling cutters, and other machine tools for 

woodcutting--are classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing power-driven heavy construction or mining hand operated tools, such as tampers, 

jackhammers, and augers--are classified in Industry 333120, Construction Machinery Manufacturing and 

Industry 33313, Mining and Oil and Gas Field Machinery Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing powered home lawn and garden equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333112, Lawn 

and Garden Tractor and Home Lawn and Garden Equipment Manufacturing. 

333992 Welding and Soldering Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing welding and soldering equipment 

and accessories (except transformers), such as arc, resistance, gas, plasma, laser, electron beam, and ultrasonic 

welding equipment; welding electrodes; coated or cored welding wire; and soldering equipment (except handheld). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing handheld soldering irons--are classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blade and Handtool 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing transformers for arc-welding--are classified in U.S. Industry 335311, Power, Distribution, 

and Specialty Transformer Manufacturing. 

333993 Packaging Machinery Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing packaging machinery, such as 

wrapping, bottling, canning, and labeling machinery. 

333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing 

 This U.S. Industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial process ovens, 

induction and dielectric heating equipment, and kilns (except cement, chemical, wood). Included in this industry are 

establishments manufacturing laboratory furnaces and ovens. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing bakery ovens--are classified in U.S. Industry 333241, Food Product Machinery 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing cement, wood, and chemical kilns--are classified in U.S. Industry 333249, Other Industrial 

Machinery Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing cremating ovens--are classified in U.S. Industry 333999, All Other Miscellaneous General 

Purpose Machinery Manufacturing. 

333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fluid power (i.e., hydraulic and 

pneumatic) cylinders and actuators. 

333996 Fluid Power Pump and Motor Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fluid power (i.e., hydraulic and 

pneumatic) pumps and motors. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing fluid pumps for motor vehicles, such as oil pumps, water pumps, and power steering 

pumps--are classified in Industry Group 3363, Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing general purpose pumps (except fluid power)--are classified in U.S. Industry 333911, Pump 

and Pumping Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing air compressors--are classified in U.S. Industry 333912, Air and Gas Compressor 

Manufacturing. 

333997 Scale and Balance Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing scales and balances, including 

those used in laboratories. 

333999 All Other Miscellaneous General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing general purpose machinery 

(except ventilating, heating, air-conditioning, and commercial refrigeration equipment; metal working machinery; 

engines, turbines, and power transmission equipment; pumps and compressors; material handling equipment; power-
driven handtools; welding and soldering equipment; packaging machinery; industrial process furnaces and ovens; 

fluid power cylinders and actuators; fluid power pumps and motors; and scales and balances). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automatic fire sprinkler systems manufacturing 

Baling machinery (e.g., paper, scrap metal) manufacturing 

Bridge and gate lifting machinery manufacturing 

Centrifuges, industrial- and laboratory-type, manufacturing 

Cremating ovens manufacturing 

General purpose-type sieves and screening equipment manufacturing 

Hydraulic and pneumatic jacks manufacturing 

Industrial and general line filters (except internal combustion engine, warm air furnace) manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing ventilating, heating, air-conditioning (except motor vehicle), and commercial refrigeration--

are classified in Industry 33341, Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration 

Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle air-conditioning systems and compressors--are classified in Industry 336390, 

Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing material handling equipment--are classified in Industry 33392, Material Handling 

Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing power-driven handtools--are classified in U.S. Industry 333991, Power-Driven Handtool 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing welding and soldering equipment (except handheld soldering irons)--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 333992, Welding and Soldering Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing packaging machinery--are classified in U.S. Industry 333993, Packaging Machinery 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing bakery ovens--are classified in U.S. Industry 333241, Food Product Machinery Machinery 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing cement, wood, and chemical kilns--are classified in U.S. Industry 333249, Other Industrial 

Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing industrial process furnaces and ovens (except bakery)--are classified in U.S. Industry 

333994, Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing fluid power cylinders and actuators--are classified in U.S. Industry 333995, Fluid Power 

Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing fluid power pumps and motors--are classified in U.S. Industry 333996, Fluid Power Pump 

and Motor Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing scales and balances--are classified in U.S. Industry 333997, Scale and Balance 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing carnival and amusement park equipment, automotive maintenance equipment and coinoperated vending machines--are classified in Industry 33331, Commercial and Service Industry Machinery 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle engine filters and pumps--are classified in Industry Group 3363, Motor 

Vehicle Parts Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing mechanical jacks--are classified in U.S. Industry 332216, Saw Blade and Handtool 

Manufacturing. 

334 Computer and Electronic Product ManufacturingT 

 Industries in the Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing subsector group establishments that manufacture 

computers, computer peripherals, communications equipment, and similar electronic products, and establishments 

that manufacture components for such products. The Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing industries 

have been combined in the hierarchy of NAICS because of the economic significance they have attained. Their 
rapid growth suggests that they will become even more important to the economies of all three North American 

countries in the future, and in addition their manufacturing processes are fundamentally different from the 

manufacturing processes of other machinery and equipment. The design and use of integrated circuits and the 

application of highly specialized miniaturization technologies are common elements in the production technologies 

of the computer and electronic subsector. Convergence of technology motivates this NAICS subsector. 

Digitalization of sound recording, for example, causes both the medium (the compact disc) and the equipment to 

resemble the technologies for recording, storing, transmitting, and manipulating data. Communications technology 

and equipment have been converging with computer technology. When technologically-related components are in 

the same sector, it makes it easier to adjust the classification for future changes, without needing to redefine its basic 

structure. The creation of the Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing subsector assists in delineating new 

and emerging industries because the activities that will serve as the probable sources of new industries, such as 

computer manufacturing and communications equipment manufacturing, or computers and audio equipment, are 

brought together. As new activities emerge, they are less likely therefore, to cross the subsector boundaries of the 

classification. 

3341 Computer and Peripheral Equipment ManufacturingT 

33411 Computer and Peripheral Equipment ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and/or assembling electronic 

computers, such as mainframes, personal computers, workstations, laptops, and computer servers; and computer 

peripheral equipment, such as storage devices, printers, monitors, input/output devices and terminals. Computers 

can be analog, digital, or hybrid. Digital computers, the most common type, are devices that do all of the following: 

(1) store the processing program or programs and the data immediately necessary for the execution of the program; 

(2) can be freely programmed in accordance with the requirements of the user; (3) perform arithmetical 

computations specified by the user; and (4) execute, without human intervention, a processing program that requires 

the computer to modify its execution by logical decision during the processing run. Analog computers are capable 

of simulating mathematical models and comprise at least analog, control, and programming elements. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing digital telecommunications switches, local area network and wide area network 

communications equipment, such as bridges, routers, and gateways--are classified in Industry 33421, 

Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing blank magnetic and optical recording media--are classified in Industry 33461, 

Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic and Optical Media; 

 Manufacturing machinery or equipment that incorporate electronic computers for operation or control 

purposes and embedded control applications--are classified in the Manufacturing sector based on the 

classification of the complete machinery or equipment; 

 Manufacturing external audio speakers for computer use--are classified in Industry 33431, Audio and 

Video Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing internal loaded printed circuit board devices, such as sound, video, controller, and network 

interface cards; internal and external computer modems; and semiconductor storage devices--are classified 

in Industry 33441, Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing other parts, such as casings, stampings, cable sets, and switches, for computers, storage 

devices and other peripheral equipment--are classified in the Manufacturing sector based on their 

associated production processes. 

334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and/or assembling electronic 

computers, such as mainframes, personal computers, workstations, laptops, and computer servers. Computers can 

be analog, digital, or hybrid. Digital computers, the most common type, are devices that do all of the following: (1) 

store the processing program or programs and the data immediately necessary for the execution of the program; (2) 
can be freely programmed in accordance with the requirements of the user; (3) perform arithmetical computations 

specified by the user; and (4) execute, without human intervention, a processing program that requires the computer 

to modify its execution by logical decision during the processing run. Analog computers are capable of simulating 

mathematical models and contain at least analog, control, and programming elements. The manufacture of 

computers includes the assembly or integration of processors, coprocessors, memory, storage, and input/output 

devices into a user-programmable final product. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing digital telecommunications switches, local area network and wide area network 

communication equipment, such as bridges, routers, and gateways--are classified in Industry 334210, 

Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing blank magnetic and optical recording media--are classified in U.S. Industry 334613, Blank 

Magnetic and Optical Recording Media Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing machinery or equipment that incorporates electronic computers for operation or control 

purposes and embedded control applications--are classified in the Manufacturing sector based on the 

classification of the complete machinery or equipment; 

 Manufacturing internal, loaded, printed circuit board devices, such as sound, video, controller, and network 

interface cards; internal and external computer modems; and solid state storage devices for computers--are 

classified in Industry 33441, Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing other parts, such as casings, stampings, cable sets, and switches, for computers--are 

classified in the Manufacturing sector based on their associated production processes; and 

 Retailing computers with on-site assembly--are classified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics Stores. 

334112 Computer Storage Device Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing computer storage devices that 

allow the storage and retrieval of data from a phase change, magnetic, optical, or magnetic/optical media. Examples 

of products made by these establishments are CD-ROM drives, floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, and tape storage 

and backup units. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing blank magnetic and optical recording media--are classified in U.S. Industry 334613, Blank 

Magnetic and Optical Recording Media Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing semiconductor storage devices, such as memory chips--are classified in U.S. Industry 

334413, Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing drive controller cards, internal or external to the storage device--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 334418, Printed Circuit Assembly (Electronic Assembly) Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing other parts, such as casings, stampings, cable sets, and switches, for computer storage 

devices--are classified in the Manufacturing sector based on their associated production processes. 

334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing computer terminals and other 

computer peripheral equipment (except storage devices). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automatic teller machines (ATM) manufacturing 

Computer terminals manufacturing 

Joystick devices manufacturing 

Keyboards, computer peripheral equipment, manufacturing 

Monitors, computer peripheral equipment, manufacturing 

Mouse devices, computer peripheral equipment, manufacturing 
Optical readers and scanners manufacturing 

Plotters, computer, manufacturing 

Point-of-sale terminals manufacturing 

Printers, computer, manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing local area network and wide area network communications equipment, such as bridges, 

routers, and gateways--are classified in Industry 334210, Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing computer storage devices--are classified in U.S. Industry 334112, Computer Storage Device 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing external audio speakers for computer use--are classified in Industry 334310, Audio and 

Video Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing internal, loaded, printed circuit board devices, such as sound, video, controller, and network 

interface cards; and internal and external computer modems used as computer peripherals--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 334418, Printed Circuit Assembly (Electronic Assembly) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing digital cameras--are classified in U.S. Industry 333316, Photographic and Photocopying 

Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing other parts, such as casings, stampings, cable sets, and switches, for computer peripheral 

equipment--are classified in the Manufacturing sector based on their associated production processes. 

3342 Communications Equipment ManufacturingT 

33421 Telephone Apparatus ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 334210 below. 

334210 Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wire telephone and data 

communications equipment. These products may be standalone or board-level components of a larger system. 

Examples of products made by these establishments are central office switching equipment, cordless telephones 

(except cellular), PBX equipment, telephones, telephone answering machines, LAN modems, multi-user modems, 

and other data communications equipment, such as bridges, routers, and gateways. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing internal and external computer modems, single-user fax/modems and electronic components 

used in telephone apparatus--are classified in Industry 33441, Semiconductor and Other Electronic 

Component Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing cellular telephones--are classified in Industry 334220, Radio and Television Broadcasting 

and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing. 

33422 Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 334220 below. 

334220 Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing radio and television broadcast and 

wireless communications equipment. Examples of products made by these establishments are: transmitting and 

receiving antennas, cable television equipment, GPS equipment, pagers, cellular phones, mobile communications 

equipment, and radio and television studio and broadcasting equipment. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing household-type audio and video equipment, such as televisions and radio sets--are classified 

in Industry 334310, Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing wired and nonwired intercommunications equipment (i.e., intercoms)--are classified in 

Industry 334290, Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing equipment for measuring and testing communications signals--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 334515, Instrument Manufacturing for Measuring and Testing Electricity and Electrical Signals. 

33429 Other Communications Equipment ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 334290 below. 

334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing communications equipment (except 

telephone apparatus, and radio and television broadcast, and wireless communications equipment). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Fire detection and alarm systems manufacturing 

Intercom systems and equipment manufacturing 

Signals (e.g., highway, pedestrian, railway, traffic) manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing telephone apparatus--are classified in Industry 334210, Telephone Apparatus 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing radio and television broadcast and wireless communications equipment--are classified in 

Industry 334220, Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing automobile audio and related equipment--are classified in Industry 334310, Audio and 

Video Equipment Manufacturing. 

3343 Audio and Video Equipment ManufacturingT 

33431 Audio and Video Equipment ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 334310 below. 

334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electronic audio and video equipment 

for home entertainment, motor vehicles, and public address and musical instrument amplification. Examples of 

products made by these establishments are video cassette recorders, televisions, stereo equipment, speaker systems, 

household-type video cameras, jukeboxes, and amplifiers for musical instruments and public address systems. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing telephone answering machines--are classified in Industry 334210, Telephone Apparatus 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing photographic (i.e., still and motion picture) equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 

333316, Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing phonograph needles and cartridges--are classified in Industry 33441, Semiconductor and 

Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing auto theft alarms--are classified in Industry 334290, Other Communications Equipment 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing mobile radios, such as citizens band and FM transceivers for household or motor vehicle 

uses; studio and broadcast video cameras; and cable decoders and satellite television equipment--are 
classified in Industry 334220, Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications 

Equipment Manufacturing. 

3344 Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component ManufacturingT 

33441 Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing semiconductors and other components 

for electronic applications. Examples of products made by these establishments are capacitors, resistors, 

microprocessors, bare and loaded printed circuit boards, electron tubes, electronic connectors, and computer 

modems. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing X-ray tubes--are classified in Industry 33451, Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and 

Control Instruments Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing glass blanks for electron tubes--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing telephone system components or modules--are classified in Industry 33421, Telephone 

Apparatus Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing finished products that incorporate loaded printed circuit boards--are classified in the 

Manufacturing sector based on the production process of making the final product; 

 Manufacturing communications antennas--are classified in Industry 33422, Radio and Television 

Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing coils, switches, transformers, connectors, capacitors, rheostats, and similar devices for 

electrical applications--are classified in Subsector 335, Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component 

Manufacturing. 

334412 Bare Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing bare (i.e., rigid or flexible) 

printed circuit boards without mounted electronic components. These establishments print, perforate, plate, screen, 

etch, or photoprint interconnecting pathways for electric current on laminates. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Loading components onto printed circuit boards, or whose output is loaded printed circuit boards--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 334418, Printed Circuit Assembly (Electronic Assembly) Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing printed circuit laminates--are classified in U.S. Industry 334419, Other Electronic 

Component Manufacturing. 

334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing semiconductors and related solid 

state devices. Examples of products made by these establishments are integrated circuits, memory chips, 

microprocessors, diodes, transistors, solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. 

334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

electronic fixed and variable capacitors and condensers; (2) manufacturing electronic resistors, such as fixed and 

variable resistors, resistor networks, thermistors, and varistors; and (3) manufacturing electronic inductors, such as 

coils and transformers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing electrical capacitors for power generation and distribution, heavy industrial equipment, 

induction heating and melting, and similar industrial applications--are classified in U.S. Industry 335999, 

All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electronic rheostats--are classified in U.S. Industry 334419, Other Electronic Component 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing electrical transformers used in the generation, storage, transmission, transformation, 

distribution, and utilization of electrical energy--are classified in U.S. Industry 335311, Power, 

Distribution, and Specialty Transformer Manufacturing. 

334417 Electronic Connector Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electronic connectors, such as 

coaxial, cylindrical, rack and panel, pin and sleeve, printed circuit and fiber optic. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electrical connectors, such as plugs, bus bars, twist on wire 

connectors and terminals, are classified in U.S. Industry 335931, Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing. 

334418 Printed Circuit Assembly (Electronic Assembly) Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in loading components onto printed circuit boards 

or who manufacture and ship loaded printed circuit boards. Also known as printed circuit assemblies, electronics 

assemblies, or modules, these products are printed circuit boards that have some or all of the semiconductor and 

electronic components inserted or mounted and are inputs to a wide variety of electronic systems and devices. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing printed circuit laminates--are classified in U.S. Industry 334419, Other Electronic 

Component Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing bare printed circuit boards--are classified in U.S. Industry 334412, Bare Printed Circuit 

Board Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing telephone system components or modules--are classified in Industry 334210, Telephone 

Apparatus Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing finished products that incorporate loaded printed circuit boards--are classified in the 

Manufacturing sector based on the production process of making the final product. 

334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electronic components (except 

bare printed circuit boards; semiconductors and related devices; electronic capacitors; electronic resistors; coils, 

transformers and other inductors; connectors; and loaded printed circuit boards). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Crystals and crystal assemblies, electronic, manufacturing 

Electron tubes manufacturing 

LCD (liquid crystal display) unit screens manufacturing 

Microwave components manufacturing 

Piezolelectric devices manufacturing 

Printed circuit laminates manufacturing 

Switches for electronic applications manufacturing 

Transducers (except pressure) manufacturing 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing bare printed circuit boards--are classified in U.S. Industry 334412, Bare Printed Circuit 

Board Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing semiconductors, photonic integrated circuits, and/or silicon wave guides--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 334413, Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electronic capacitors, electronic resistors, and electronic inductors--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 334416, Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electronic connectors--are classified in U.S. Industry 334417, Electronic Connector 

Manufacturing; 

 Loading components onto printed circuit boards or whose output is loaded printed circuit boards--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 334418, Printed Circuit Assembly (Electronic Assembly) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing communications antennas--are classified in Industry 334220, Radio and Television 

Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing X-ray tubes--are classified in U.S. Industry 334517, Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; 

and 

 Manufacturing glass blanks for electron tubes--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product 

Manufacturing. 

3345 Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments ManufacturingT 

33451 Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing navigational, measuring, 

electromedical, and control instruments. Examples of products made by these establishments are aeronautical 

instruments, appliance regulators and controls (except switches), laboratory analytical instruments, navigation and 

guidance systems, and physical properties testing equipment. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing global positioning system (GPS) equipment--are classified in Industry 33422, Radio and 

Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing motor control switches and relays (including timing relays)--are classified in Industry 

33531, Electrical Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing switches for appliances--are classified in Industry 33593, Wiring Device Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing optical instruments--are classified in Industry 33331, Commercial and Service Industry 

Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing glass watch and clock crystals--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics watch and clock crystals--are classified in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing medical thermometers and other nonelectrical medical apparatus--are classified in Industry 

Group 3391, Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing. 

334510 Electromedical and Electrotherapeutic Apparatus Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electromedical and 

electrotherapeutic apparatus, such as magnetic resonance imaging equipment, medical ultrasound equipment, 

pacemakers, hearing aids, electrocardiographs, and electromedical endoscopic equipment. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing medical irradiation apparatus--are classified in U.S. Industry 334517, Irradiation Apparatus 

Manufacturing; and 
 Manufacturing nonelectrical medical and therapeutic apparatus--are classified in Industry Group 3391, 

Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing. 

334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument 

Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing search, detection, navigation, 

guidance, aeronautical, and nautical systems and instruments. Examples of products made by these establishments 

are aircraft instruments (except engine), flight recorders, navigational instruments and systems, radar systems and 

equipment, and sonar systems and equipment. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing global positioning system (GPS) equipment--are classified in Industry 334220, Radio and 

Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing aircraft engine instruments and meteorological systems and equipment--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 334519, Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing. 

334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing automatic controls and regulators 

for applications, such as heating, air-conditioning, refrigeration and appliances. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing industrial process controls--are classified in U.S. Industry 334513, Instruments and Related 

Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; 

 Manufacturing motor control switches and relays--are classified in U.S. Industry 335314, Relay and 

Industrial Control Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing switches for appliances--are classified in U.S. Industry 335931, Current-Carrying Wiring 

Device Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing appliance timers--are classified in U.S. Industry 334519, Other Measuring and Controlling 

Device Manufacturing. 

334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling 

Industrial Process Variables 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing instruments and related devices 

for measuring, displaying, indicating, recording, transmitting, and controlling industrial process variables. These 

instruments measure, display or control (monitor, analyze, and so forth) industrial process variables, such as 

temperature, humidity, pressure, vacuum, combustion, flow, level, viscosity, density, acidity, concentration, and 

rotation. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing instruments for measuring or testing of electricity and electrical signals--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 334515, Instrument Manufacturing for Measuring and Testing Electricity and Electrical 

Signals; 

 Manufacturing medical thermometers--are classified in U.S. Industry 339112, Surgical and Medical 

Instrument Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing glass hydrometers and thermometers for other nonmedical uses--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 334519, Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing instruments and instrumentation systems for laboratory analysis of samples--are classified 

in U.S. Industry 334516, Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; and 
 Manufacturing optical alignment and display instruments, optical comparators, and optical test and 

inspection equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333314, Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing. 

334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing totalizing (i.e., registering) fluid 

meters and counting devices. Examples of products made by these establishments are gas consumption meters, 

water consumption meters, parking meters, taxi meters, motor vehicle gauges, and fare collection equipment. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing integrating meters and counters for measuring the characteristics of electricity and electrical 

signals--are classified in U.S. Industry 334515, Instrument Manufacturing for Measuring and Testing 

Electricity and Electrical Signals; and 

 Manufacturing instruments and devices that measure, display, or control (i.e., monitor or analyze) related 

industrial process variables--are classified in U.S. Industry 334513, Instruments and Related Products 

Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables. 

334515 Instrument Manufacturing for Measuring and Testing Electricity and Electrical Signals 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing instruments for measuring and 

testing the characteristics of electricity and electrical signals. Examples of products made by these establishments 

are circuit and continuity testers, voltmeters, ohm meters, wattmeters, multimeters, and semiconductor test 

equipment. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electronic monitoring, evaluating, and other electronic support 

equipment for navigational, radar, and sonar systems are classified in U.S. Industry 334511, Search, Detection, 

Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing. 

334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing instruments and instrumentation 

systems for laboratory analysis of the chemical or physical composition or concentration of samples of solid, fluid, 

gaseous, or composite material. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing instruments for monitoring and analyzing continuous samples from medical patients--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 334510, Electromedical and Electrotherapeutic Apparatus Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing instruments and related devices that measure, display, or control (i.e., monitor or analyze) 

industrial process variables--are classified in U.S. Industry 334513, Instruments and Related Products 

Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables. 

334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing irradiation apparatus and tubes 

for applications, such as medical diagnostic, medical therapeutic, industrial, research and scientific evaluation. 

Irradiation can take the form of beta-rays, gamma-rays, X-rays, or other ionizing radiation. 

334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing measuring and controlling 

devices (except search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical, and nautical instruments and systems; 

automatic environmental controls for residential, commercial, and appliance use; instruments for measurement, 
display, and control of industrial process variables; totalizing fluid meters and counting devices; instruments for 

measuring and testing electricity and electrical signals; analytical laboratory instruments; irradiation equipment; and 

electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Aircraft engine instruments manufacturing 

Automotive emissions testing equipment manufacturing 

Clocks assembling 

Meteorological instruments manufacturing 

Physical properties testing and inspection equipment manufacturing 

Polygraph machines manufacturing 

Radiation detection and monitoring instruments manufacturing 

Surveying instruments manufacturing 

Thermometers, liquid-in-glass and bimetal types (except medical), manufacturing 

Watches and parts (except crystals) manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing medical thermometers--are classified in U.S. Industry 339112, Surgical and Medical 

Instrument Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical, and nautical systems and instruments--

are classified in U.S. Industry 334511, Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and 

Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing automatic controls and regulators for applications, such as heating, air-conditioning, 

refrigeration and appliances--are classified in U.S. Industry 334512, Automatic Environmental Control 

Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; 

 Manufacturing instruments and related devices that measure, display, or control (i.e., monitor or analyze) 

industrial process variables--are classified in U.S. Industry 334513, Instruments and Related Products 

Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; 

 Manufacturing totalizing (i.e., registering) fluid meters and counting devices, including motor vehicle 

gauges--are classified in U.S. Industry 334514, Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing instruments for measuring and testing the characteristics of electricity and electrical signals-

-are classified in U.S. Industry 334515, Instrument Manufacturing for Measuring and Testing Electricity 

and Electrical Signals; 

 Manufacturing instruments for laboratory analysis of the physical composition or concentration of samples 

of solid, fluid, gaseous, or composite materials--are classified in U.S. Industry 334516, Analytical 

Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing X-ray apparatus, tubes, or related irradiation apparatus--are classified in U.S. Industry 

334517, Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus--are classified in U.S. Industry 334510, 

Electromedical and Electrotherapeutic Apparatus Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing glass watch and clock crystals--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics watch and clock crystals--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics 

Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing timing relays--are classified in U.S. Industry 335314, Relay and Industrial Control 

Manufacturing. 

3346 Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic and Optical MediaT 

33461 Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic and Optical MediaT
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing optical and magnetic media, such 

as blank audio tape, blank video tape, and blank diskettes, and/or (2) mass duplicating (i.e., making copies) audio, 

video, software, and other data on magnetic, optical, and similar media. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Designing, developing, and publishing prepackaged software--are classified in Industry 51121, Software 

Publishers; and 

 Audio, motion picture and/or video production and/or distribution--are classified in Subsector 512, Motion 

Picture and Sound Recording Industries. 

334613 Blank Magnetic and Optical Recording Media Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing blank magnetic and optical 

recording media, such as blank magnetic tape, blank diskettes, blank optical discs, hard drive media, and blank 

magnetic tape cassettes. 

Cross-References.

 Establishments primarily engaged in mass reproducing computer software and other audio and video material are 

classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing. 

334614 Software and Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in mass reproducing computer software or other 

prerecorded audio and video material on magnetic or optical media, such as CD-ROMs, DVDs, tapes, or cartridges. 

These establishments do not generally develop any software or produce any audio or video content. This industry 

includes establishments that mass reproduce game cartridges. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Designing, developing, and publishing prepackaged software--are classified in Industry 511210, Software 

Publishers; 

 Audio, motion picture and/or video production and/or distribution--are classified in Subsector 512, Motion 

Picture and Sound Recording Industries; and 

 Manufacturing blank audio and video tape, blank diskettes, and blank optical discs--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 334613, Blank Magnetic and Optical Recording Media Manufacturing. 

335 Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component ManufacturingT

 

 Industries in the Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing subsector manufacture products 

that generate, distribute and use electrical power. Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing establishments 

produce electric lamp bulbs, lighting fixtures, and parts. Household Appliance Manufacturing establishments make 

both small and major electrical appliances and parts. Electrical Equipment Manufacturing establishments make 

goods, such as electric motors, generators, transformers, and switchgear apparatus. Other Electrical Equipment and 

Component Manufacturing establishments make devices for storing electrical power (e.g., batteries), for transmitting 

electricity (e.g., insulated wire), and wiring devices (e.g., electrical outlets, fuse boxes, and light switches). 

3351 Electric Lighting Equipment ManufacturingT 

33511 Electric Lamp Bulb and Part ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 335110 below. 

335110 Electric Lamp Bulb and Part Manufacturing
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electric light bulbs and tubes, and 

parts and components (except glass blanks for electric light bulbs). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing glass blanks for electric light bulbs--are classified in U.S. Industry 327212, Other Pressed 

and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing vehicular lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 336320, Motor Vehicle Electrical and 

Electronic Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing light emitting diodes (LEDs)--are classified in U.S. Industry 334413, Semiconductor and 

Related Device Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing other lighting fixtures (except vehicular)--are classified in Industry 33512, Lighting Fixture 

Manufacturing. 

33512 Lighting Fixture ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electric lighting fixtures (except 

vehicular), nonelectric lighting equipment, lamp shades (except glass and plastics), and lighting fixture components 

(except current-carrying wiring devices). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing vehicular lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 33632, Motor Vehicle Electrical and 

Electronic Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electric light bulbs, tubes, and parts--are classified in Industry 33511, Electric Lamp Bulb 

and Part Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing current-carrying wiring devices for lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 33593, 

Wiring Device Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing ceiling fans or bath fans with integrated lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 33521, 

Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics lamp shades--are classified in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing glassware and glass parts for lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and 

Glass Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing signaling devices that incorporate electric light bulbs, such as traffic and railway signals--

are classified in Industry 33429, Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing. 

335121 Residential Electric Lighting Fixture Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fixed or portable residential 

electric lighting fixtures and lamp shades of metal, paper, or textiles. Residential electric lighting fixtures include 

those for use both inside and outside the residence. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Ceiling lighting fixtures, residential, manufacturing 

Chandeliers, residential, manufacturing 

Table lamps (i.e., lighting fixtures) manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing glassware for residential lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass 

Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics lamp shades--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product 

Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing electric light bulbs, tubes, and parts--are classified in Industry 335110, Electric Lamp Bulb 

and Part Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing ceiling fans or bath fans with integrated lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 335210, 

Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing current-carrying wiring devices for lighting fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 335931, 

Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing commercial, industrial, and institutional electric lighting fixtures--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 335122, Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Electric Lighting Fixture Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing other lighting fixtures, such as street lights, flashlights, and nonelectric lighting fixtures--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 335129, Other Lighting Equipment Manufacturing. 

335122 Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Electric Lighting Fixture Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing commercial, industrial, and 

institutional electric lighting fixtures. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing glassware for commercial, industrial, and institutional electric lighting fixtures--are 

classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing residential electric lighting fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 335121, Residential 

Electric Lighting Fixture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing current-carrying wiring devices for lighting fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 335931, 

Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing vehicular lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 336320, Motor Vehicle Electrical and 

Electronic Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electric light bulbs, tubes, and parts--are classified in Industry 335110, Electric Lamp Bulb 

and Part Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing other lighting fixtures, such as street lights, flashlights, and nonelectric lighting equipment--

are classified in U.S. Industry 335129, Other Lighting Equipment Manufacturing. 

335129 Other Lighting Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electric lighting fixtures (except 

residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, and vehicular electric lighting fixtures) and nonelectric lighting 

equipment. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Christmas tree lighting sets, electric, manufacturing 

Fireplace logs, electric, manufacturing 

Flashlights manufacturing 

Insect lamps, electric, manufacturing 

Lanterns (e.g., carbide, electric, gas, gasoline, kerosene) manufacturing 

Spotlights (except vehicular) manufacturing 

Street lighting fixtures (except traffic signals) manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing glassware for lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electric light bulbs, tubes, and parts--are classified in Industry 335110, Electric Lamp Bulb 

and Part Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing current-carrying wiring devices for lighting fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 335931, 

Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing residential electric lighting fixtures--are classified in U.S. Industry 335121, Residential 

Electric Lighting Fixture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing commercial, industrial, and institutional electric lighting fixtures--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 335122, Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Electric Lighting Fixture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing vehicular lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 336320, Motor Vehicle Electrical and 

Electronic Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing signaling devices that incorporate electric light bulbs, such as traffic and railway signals--

are classified in Industry 334290, Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing. 

3352 Household Appliance ManufacturingT 

33521 Small Electrical Appliance ManufacturingT 

 See industry description for 335210 below. 

335210 Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing small electric appliances and electric 

housewares, household-type fans (except attic fans), household-type vacuum cleaners, and other electric householdtype floor care machines. 

Illustrative Examples:

Bath fans, residential, manufacturing 

Carpet and floor cleaning equipment, household-type electric, manufacturing 

Ceiling fans, residential, manufacturing 

Curling irons, household-type electric, manufacturing 

Electric blankets manufacturing 

Portable cooking appliances (except microwave, convection ovens), household-type electric, manufacturing 

Portable electric space heaters manufacturing 

Portable hair dryers, electric, manufacturing 

Portable humidifiers and dehumidifiers manufacturing 

Scissors, electric, manufacturing 

Ventilating and exhaust fans (except attic fans), household-type, manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing attic fans--are classified in U.S. Industry 333413, Industrial and Commercial Fan and 

Blower and Air Purification Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing wall and baseboard heating units for permanent installation--are classified in U.S. Industry 

333414, Heating Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing room air-conditioners--are classified in U.S. Industry 333415, Air-Conditioning and Warm 

Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing microwave and convection ovens--are classified in U.S. Industry 335221, Household 

Cooking Appliance Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electric vacuum cleaners for commercial, industrial, and institutional uses, and mechanical 

carpet sweepers--are classified in U.S. Industry 333318, Other Commercial and Service Industry 

Machinery Manufacturing; and 

 Installing central vacuum cleaning systems--are classified in Industry 238290, Other Building Equipment 

Contractors. 

33522 Major Appliance ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing household-type cooking appliances, 

household-type laundry equipment, household-type refrigerators, upright and chest freezers, and other electrical and 

nonelectrical major household-type appliances, such as dishwashers, water heaters, and garbage disposal units. 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing small electric appliances and electric housewares, such as hot plates, griddles, toasters, and 

electric irons--are classified in Industry 33521, Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing commercial and industrial refrigerators and freezers--are classified in Industry 33341, 

Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing commercial-type cooking equipment and commercial-type laundry, drycleaning, and 

pressing equipment--are classified in Industry 33331, Commercial and Service Industry Machinery 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing household-type sewing machines--are classified in Industry 33324, Industrial Machinery 

Manufacturing. 

335221 Household Cooking Appliance Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing household-type electric and 

nonelectric cooking equipment (except small electric appliances and electric housewares). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing small electric appliances and electric housewares used for cooking, such as electric skillets, 

electric hot plates, electric griddles, toasters, and percolators--are classified in Industry 335210, Small 

Electrical Appliance Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing commercial-type cooking equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333318, Other 

Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing. 

335222 Household Refrigerator and Home Freezer Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing household-type refrigerators and 

upright and chest freezers. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing commercial and industrial refrigeration equipment, such as 

refrigerators and freezers, are classified in U.S. Industry 333415, Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating 

Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing. 

335224 Household Laundry Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing household-type laundry 

equipment. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing portable electric irons--are classified in Industry 335210, Small Electrical Appliance 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing commercial-type laundry and drycleaning equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 

333318, Other Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing. 

335228 Other Major Household Appliance Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electric and nonelectric major 

household-type appliances (except cooking equipment, refrigerators, upright and chest freezers, and household-type 

laundry equipment). 
Illustrative Examples: 

Dishwashers, household-type, manufacturing 

Garbage disposal units, household-type, manufacturing 

Hot water heaters (including nonelectric), household-type, manufacturing 

Trash and garbage compactors, household-type, manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing household-type cooking equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 335221, Household 

Cooking Appliance Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing household-type sewing machines--are classified in U.S. Industry 333249, Other Industrial 

Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing household-type refrigerators and upright and chest freezers--are classified in U.S. Industry 

335222, Household Refrigerator and Home Freezer Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing small electric appliances--are classified in Industry 335210, Small Electrical Appliance 

Manufacturing. 

3353 Electrical Equipment ManufacturingT 

33531 Electrical Equipment ManufacturingT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing power, distribution, and specialty 

transformers; electric motors, generators, and motor generator sets; switchgear and switchboard apparatus; relays; 

and industrial controls. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing turbine generator set units and electric outboard motors--are classified in Industry 33361, 

Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electronic component-type transformers and switches--are classified in Industry 33441, 

Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing environmental controls and industrial process control instruments--are classified in Industry 

33451, Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing switches for electrical circuits, such as pushbutton and snap switches--are classified in 

Industry 33593, Wiring Device Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing complete welding and soldering equipment--are classified in Industry 33399, All Other 

General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing starting motors and generators for internal combustion engines--are classified in Industry 

33632, Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing. 

335311 Power, Distribution, and Specialty Transformer Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing power, distribution, and specialty 

transformers (except electronic components). Industrial-type and consumer-type transformers in this industry vary 

(e.g., step up or step down) voltage but do not convert alternating to direct or direct to alternating current. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Distribution transformers, electric, manufacturing 

Fluorescent ballasts (i.e., transformers) manufacturing 

Substation transformers, electric power distribution, manufacturing 

Transmission and distribution voltage regulators manufacturing 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electronic component-type transformers are classified in U.S. 

Industry 334416, Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing. 

335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electric motors (except internal 

combustion engine starting motors), power generators (except battery charging alternators for internal combustion 

engines), and motor generator sets (except turbine generator set units). This industry includes establishments 

rewinding armatures on a factory basis. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing electric outboard motors--are classified in U.S. Industry 333618, Other Engine Equipment 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing gas, steam, or hydraulic turbine generator set units--are classified in U.S. Industry 333611, 

Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing starting motors and battery charging alternators for internal combustion engines--are 

classified in Industry 336320, Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Rewinding armatures, not on a factory basis--are classified in Industry 811310, Commercial and Industrial 

Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Manufacturing complete welding and soldering equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 333992, 

Welding and Soldering Equipment Manufacturing. 

335313 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing switchgear and switchboard 

apparatus. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Circuit breakers, power, manufacturing 

Control panels, electric power distribution, manufacturing 

Duct for electrical switchboard apparatus manufacturing 

Fuses, electric, manufacturing 

Power switching equipment manufacturing 

Switches, electric power (except pushbutton, snap, solenoid, tumbler), manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing relays--are classified in U.S. Industry 335314, Relay and Industrial Control Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing switches for electronic applications--are classified in U.S. Industry 334419, Other 

Electronic Component Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing snap, pushbutton, and similar switches for electrical circuits--are classified in U.S. Industry 

335931, Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing. 

335314 Relay and Industrial Control Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing relays, motor starters and 

controllers, and other industrial controls and control accessories. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing environmental and appliance control equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 334512, 

Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; and 
 Manufacturing instruments for controlling industrial process variables--are classified in U.S. Industry 

334513, Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling 

Industrial Process Variables. 

3359 Other Electrical Equipment and Component ManufacturingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments manufacturing electrical equipment and components (except electric 

lighting equipment, household-type appliances, transformers, switchgear, relays, motors, and generators). 

33591 Battery ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing primary and storage batteries. 

335911 Storage Battery Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing storage batteries. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Lead acid storage batteries manufacturing 

Rechargeable nickel cadmium (NICAD) batteries manufacturing 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing primary batteries are classified in U.S. Industry 335912, 

Primary Battery Manufacturing. 

335912 Primary Battery Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wet or dry primary batteries. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Disposable flashlight batteries manufacturing 

Dry cells, primary (e.g., AAA, AA, C, D, 9V), manufacturing 

Lithium batteries, primary, manufacturing 

Watch batteries manufacturing 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing storage batteries are classified in U.S. Industry 335911, 

Storage Battery Manufacturing. 

33592 Communication and Energy Wire and Cable ManufacturingT

 

 This industry comprises establishments insulating fiber-optic cable, and manufacturing insulated nonferrous wire 

and cable from nonferrous wire drawn in other establishments. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Drawing nonferrous wire--are classified in Subsector 331, Primary Metal Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing cable sets consisting of insulated wire and various connectors for electronic applications--

are classified in Industry 33441, Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing extension cords, appliance cords, and similar electrical cord sets from purchased, insulated 

wire or cable--are classified in Industry 33599, All Other Electrical Equipment and Component 

Manufacturing; and 
 Manufacturing unsheathed fiber-optic materials--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product 

Manufacturing. 

335921 Fiber Optic Cable Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing insulated fiber-optic cable from 

purchased fiber-optic strand. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing unsheathed fiber-optic materials--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing insulated nonferrous wire and cable from purchased wire--are classified in U.S. Industry 

335929, Other Communication and Energy Wire Manufacturing. 

335929 Other Communication and Energy Wire Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing insulated wire and cable of 

nonferrous metals from purchased wire. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing cable sets consisting of insulated wire and various connectors for electronic applications--

are classified in U.S. Industry 334419, Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing extension cords, appliance cords, and similar electrical cord sets from purchased insulated 

wire--are classified in U.S. Industry 335999, All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and 

Component Manufacturing; 

 Drawing and insulating copper wire in the same establishment--are classified in Industry 331420, Copper 

Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; 

 Drawing and insulating aluminum wire in the same establishment--are classified in U.S. Industry 331318, 

Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; and 

 Drawing nonferrous wire (except copper and aluminum)--are classified in U.S. Industry 331491, 

Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding. 

33593 Wiring Device ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing current-carrying wiring devices and 

noncurrent-carrying wiring devices for wiring electrical circuits. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing ceramic and glass insulators--are classified in Subsector 327, Nonmetallic Mineral Product 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing electronic component-type connectors, sockets, and switches--are classified in Industry 

33441, Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing. 

335931 Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing current-carrying wiring devices. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bus bars, electrical conductors (except switchgear-type), manufacturing 

GFCI (ground fault circuit interrupters) manufacturing 

Lamp holders manufacturing 
Lightning arrestors and coils manufacturing 

Receptacles (i.e., outlets), electrical, manufacturing 

Switches for electrical wiring (e.g., pressure, pushbutton, snap, tumbler) manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing electronic component-type connectors--are classified in U.S. Industry 334417, Electronic 

Connector Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing noncurrent-carrying wiring devices--are classified in U.S. Industry 335932, NoncurrentCarrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing electronic component-type sockets and switches--are classified in U.S. Industry 334419, 

Other Electronic Component Manufacturing. 

335932 Noncurrent-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing noncurrent-carrying wiring 

devices. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Boxes, electrical wiring (e.g., junction, outlet, switch), manufacturing 

Conduits and fittings, electrical, manufacturing 

Face plates (i.e., outlet or switch covers) manufacturing 

Transmission pole and line hardware manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing porcelain and ceramic insulators--are classified in Industry 327110, Pottery, Ceramics, and 

Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing current-carrying wiring devices--are classified in U.S. Industry 335931, Current-Carrying 

Wiring Device Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing glass insulators--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing. 

33599 All Other Electrical Equipment and Component ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing electrical equipment (except electric 

lighting equipment, household-type appliances, transformers, motors, generators, switchgear, relays, industrial 

controls, batteries, communication and energy wire and cable, and wiring devices). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Carbon and graphite electrodes and brushes manufacturing 

Extension cords made from purchased insulated wire 

Surge suppressors manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing lighting equipment--are classified in Industry Group 3351, Electric Lighting Equipment 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing household-type appliances--are classified in Industry Group 3352, Household Appliance 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing transformers, motors, generators, switchgear, relays, and industrial controls--are classified 

in Industry 33531, Electrical Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing batteries--are classified in Industry 33591, Battery Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing communication and energy wire--are classified in Industry 33592, Communication and 

Energy Wire and Cable Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing current-carrying and noncurrent-carrying wiring devices--are classified in Industry 33593, 

Wiring Device Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing carbon or graphite gaskets--are classified in Industry 33999, All Other Miscellaneous 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electronic component-type rectifiers, voltage regulating integrated circuits, power 

converting integrated circuits, electronic capacitors, electronic resistors, and similar devices--are classified 

in Industry 33441, Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing equipment incorporating lasers--are classified in various subsectors of manufacturing based 

on the associated production process of the finished equipment. 

335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing carbon, graphite, and metalgraphite brushes and brush stock; carbon or graphite electrodes for thermal and electrolytic uses; carbon and 

graphite fibers; and other carbon, graphite, and metal-graphite products. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing carbon or graphite gaskets are classified in U.S. Industry 

339991, Gasket, Packing, and Sealing Device Manufacturing. 

335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial and commercial 

electric apparatus and other equipment (except lighting equipment, household appliances, transformers, motors, 

generators, switchgear, relays, industrial controls, batteries, communication and energy wire and cable, wiring 

devices, and carbon and graphite products). This industry includes power converters (i.e., AC to DC and DC to 

AC), power supplies, surge suppressors, and similar equipment for industrial-type and consumer-type equipment. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Appliance cords made from purchased insulated wire 

Battery chargers, solid-state, manufacturing 

Door opening and closing devices, electrical, manufacturing 

Electric bells manufacturing 

Extension cords made from purchased insulated wire 

Inverters manufacturing 

Surge suppressers manufacturing 

Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing lighting equipment--are classified in Industry Group 3351, Electric Lighting Equipment 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing household-type appliances--are classified in Industry Group 3352, Household Appliance 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing transformers, motors, generators, switchgear, relays, and industrial controls--are classified 

in Industry 33531, Electrical Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing primary and storage batteries--are classified in Industry 33591, Battery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing communication and energy wire and cable from purchased wire or fiber-optic strand--are 

classified in Industry 33592, Communication and Energy Wire and Cable Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing current-carrying and noncurrent-carrying wiring devices--are classified in Industry 33593, 

Wiring Device Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing electronic component-type rectifiers (except semiconductor)--are classified in U.S. Industry 

334419, Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing semiconductor rectifiers, voltage regulating integrated circuits, power converting integrated 

circuits, and similar semiconductor devices--are classified in U.S. Industry 334413, Semiconductor and 

Related Device Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electronic component-type capacitors and condensers--are classified in U.S. Industry 

334416, Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing carbon and graphite products--are classified in U.S. Industry 335991, Carbon and Graphite 

Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing equipment incorporating lasers--are classified in various manufacturing subsectors based on 

the associated production process of the finished equipment. 

336 Transportation Equipment ManufacturingT 

 Industries in the Transportation Equipment Manufacturing subsector produce equipment for transporting people 

and goods. Transportation equipment is a type of machinery. An entire subsector is devoted to this activity because 

of the significance of its economic size in all three North American countries. 

 Establishments in this subsector utilize production processes similar to those of other machinery manufacturing 

establishments—bending, forming, welding, machining, and assembling metal or plastic parts into components and 

finished products. However, the assembly of components and subassemblies and their further assembly into 

finished vehicles tends to be a more common production process in this subsector than in the Machinery 

Manufacturing subsector. 

 NAICS has industry groups for the manufacture of equipment for each mode of transport—road, rail, air and 

water. Parts for motor vehicles warrant a separate industry group because of their importance and because parts 

manufacture requires less assembly, and the establishments that manufacture only parts are not as vertically 

integrated as those that make complete vehicles. 

 Land use motor vehicle equipment not designed for highway operation (e.g., agricultural equipment, construction 

equipment, and materials handling equipment) is classified in the appropriate NAICS subsector based on the type 

and use of the equipment. 

3361 Motor Vehicle ManufacturingT 

33611 Automobile and Light Duty Motor Vehicle ManufacturingT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing complete automobile and light 

duty motor vehicles (i.e., body and chassis or unibody) or (2) manufacturing chassis only. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing car, truck, and bus bodies and assembling vehicles on a 

purchased chassis and manufacturing kit cars for highway use are classified in Industry 33621, Motor Vehicle Body 

and Trailer Manufacturing. 

336111 Automobile Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing complete automobiles (i.e., 

body and chassis or unibody) or (2) manufacturing automobile chassis only. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing car bodies and assembling vehicles on a purchased chassis and 

manufacturing kit cars for highway use are classified in U.S. Industry 336211, Motor Vehicle Body Manufacturing. 

336112 Light Truck and Utility Vehicle Manufacturing 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing complete light trucks and 

utility vehicles (i.e., body and chassis) or (2) manufacturing light truck and utility vehicle chassis only. Vehicles 

made include light duty vans, pick-up trucks, minivans, and sport utility vehicles. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing truck and bus bodies and assembling vehicles on a purchased 

chassis are classified in U.S. Industry 336211, Motor Vehicle Body Manufacturing. 

33612 Heavy Duty Truck ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 336120 below. 

336120 Heavy Duty Truck Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing heavy duty truck chassis and 

assembling complete heavy duty trucks, buses, heavy duty motor homes, and other special purpose heavy duty 

motor vehicles for highway use or (2) manufacturing heavy duty truck chassis only. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing truck and bus bodies and assembling vehicles on a purchased chassis--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 336211, Motor Vehicle Body Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing motor homes on purchased chassis--are classified in U.S. Industry 336213, Motor Home 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing vans, minivans, and light trucks--are classified in U.S. Industry 336112, Light Truck and 

Utility Vehicle Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing military armored vehicles--are classified in U.S. Industry 336992, Military Armored 

Vehicle, Tank, and Tank Component Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing off highway construction equipment--are classified in Industry 333120, Construction 

Machinery Manufacturing. 

3362 Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer ManufacturingT 

33621 Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing motor vehicle bodies and cabs or 

(2) manufacturing truck, automobile and utility trailers, truck trailer chassis, detachable trailer bodies, and 

detachable trailer chassis. The products made may be sold separately or may be assembled on purchased chassis and 

sold as complete vehicles. 

 Motor homes are units where the motor and the living quarters are contained in the same integrated unit, while 

travel trailers are designed to be towed by a motor unit, such as an automobile or a light truck. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bodies and cabs, truck, manufacturing 

Camper unit, slide-in, for pick-up trucks, manufacturing 

Motor homes, self-contained, assembling on purchased chassis 

Pickup canopies, caps, or covers manufacturing 

Semitrailer manufacturing 

Travel trailers, recreational, manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Making manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes)--are classified in Industry 32199, All Other Wood 

Product Manufacturing; 
 Customizing automotive vehicle and trailer interiors (i.e., van conversions) on an individual basis--are 

classified in Industry 81112, Automotive Body, Paint, Interior, and Glass Repair; 

 Manufacturing light duty motor home chassis and assembling complete motor homes--are classified in 

Industry 33611, Automobile and Light Duty Motor Vehicle Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing heavy duty truck chassis and assembling heavy duty trucks, buses, motor homes, and other 

special purpose heavy duty motor vehicles for highway use--are classified in Industry 33612, Heavy Duty 

Truck Manufacturing. 

336211 Motor Vehicle Body Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing truck and bus bodies and cabs 

and automobile bodies. The products made may be sold separately or may be assembled on purchased chassis and 

sold as complete vehicles. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing heavy duty chassis and assembling heavy duty trucks, buses, 

motor homes, and other special purpose heavy duty motor vehicles for highway use are classified in Industry 

336120, Heavy Duty Truck Manufacturing. 

336212 Truck Trailer Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing truck trailers, truck trailer 

chassis, cargo container chassis, detachable trailer bodies, and detachable trailer chassis for sale separately. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing utility trailers, light-truck trailers, and travel trailers are 

classified in U.S. Industry 336214, Travel Trailer and Camper Manufacturing. 

336213 Motor Home Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing motor homes on purchased 

chassis and/or (2) manufacturing conversion vans on an assembly line basis. Motor homes are units where the motor 

and the living quarters are integrated in the same unit. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing light duty motor home chassis and assembling complete motor homes--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 336112, Light Truck and Utility Vehicle Manufacturing; 

 Customizing automotive vehicle and trailer interiors (i.e., van conversions) on an individual basis--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 811121, Automotive Body, Paint, and Interior Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Producing manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes)--are classified in U.S. Industry 321991, Manufactured 

Home (Mobile Home) Manufacturing. 

336214 Travel Trailer and Camper Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

travel trailers and campers designed to attach to motor vehicles; (2) manufacturing pickup coaches (i.e., campers) 

and caps (i.e., covers) for mounting on pickup trucks; and (3) manufacturing automobile, utility and light-truck 

trailers. Travel trailers do not have their own motor but are designed to be towed by a motor unit, such as an 

automobile or a light truck. 

Illustrative Examples: 
Automobile transporter trailers, single car, manufacturing 

Camping trailers and chassis manufacturing 

Horse trailers (except fifth wheel type) manufacturing 

Travel trailers, recreational, manufacturing 

Utility trailers manufacturing 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in making manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes) designed to accept 

permanent water, sewer, and utility connections and equipped with wheels, but not intended for regular highway 

use, are classified in U.S. Industry 321991, Manufactured Home (Mobile Home) Manufacturing. 

3363 Motor Vehicle Parts ManufacturingT 

33631 Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts ManufacturingT

 See industry description for 336310 below. 

336310 Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing and/or rebuilding motor vehicle 

gasoline engines and engine parts and/or (2) manufacturing and/or rebuilding carburetors, pistons, piston rings, and 

engine valves, whether or not for vehicular use. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Carburetors, all types, manufacturing 

Crankshaft assemblies, automotive and truck gasoline engine, manufacturing 

Cylinder heads, automotive and truck gasoline engine, manufacturing 

Fuel injection systems and parts, automotive and truck gasoline engine, manufacturing 

Manifolds (i.e., intake and exhaust), automotive and truck gasoline engine, manufacturing 

Pistons and piston rings manufacturing 

Pumps (e.g., fuel, oil, water), mechanical automotive and truck gasoline engine (except power steering), 

manufacturing 

Timing gears and chains, automotive and truck gasoline engine, manufacturing 

Valves, engine, intake and exhaust, manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing wiring harnesses and other vehicular electrical and electronic equipment--are classified in 

Industry 336320, Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing transmission and power train equipment--are classified in Industry 336350, Motor Vehicle 

Transmission and Power Train Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing radiators--are classified in Industry 336390, Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing steering and suspension components--are classified in Industry 336330, Motor Vehicle 

Steering and Suspension Components (except Spring) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing parts for machine repair and equipment parts (except electric) on a job or shop basis--are 

classified in Industry 332710, Machine Shops; 

 Manufacturing rubber and plastic belts and hoses without fittings--are classified in Industry 326220, 

Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing stationary and diesel engines--are classified in U.S. Industry 333618, Other Engine 

Equipment Manufacturing. 

33632 Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment ManufacturingT 

 See industry description for 336320 below. 
336320 Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and/or rebuilding electrical and 

electronic equipment for motor vehicles and internal combustion engines. The products made can be used for all 

types of transportation equipment (i.e., aircraft, automobiles, trucks, trains, ships) or stationary internal combustion 

engine applications. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Alternators and generators for internal combustion engines manufacturing 

Automotive lighting fixtures manufacturing 

Coils, ignition, internal combustion engines, manufacturing 

Distributors for internal combustion engines manufacturing 

Electrical ignition cable sets for internal combustion engines manufacturing 

Generators for internal combustion engines manufacturing 

Ignition wiring harness for internal combustion engines manufacturing 

Instrument control panels (i.e., assembling purchased gauges), automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Spark plugs for internal combustion engines manufacturing 

Windshield washer pumps, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing automotive lamps (i.e., bulbs)--are classified in Industry 335110, Electric Lamp Bulb and 

Part Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing automotive batteries--are classified in U.S. Industry 335911, Storage Battery 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electric motors for electric vehicles--are classified in U.S. Industry 335312, Motor and 

Generator Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing railway traffic control signals and passenger car alarms--are classified in Industry 334290, 

Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing car stereos--are classified in Industry 334310, Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing. 

33633 Motor Vehicle Steering and Suspension Components (except Spring) ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 336330 below. 

336330 Motor Vehicle Steering and Suspension Components (except Spring) Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and/or rebuilding motor vehicle 

steering mechanisms and suspension components (except springs). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Rack and pinion steering assemblies manufacturing 

Shock absorbers, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Steering columns, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Steering wheels, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Struts, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing springs are classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire 

Product Manufacturing. 

33634 Motor Vehicle Brake System ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 336340 below. 
336340 Motor Vehicle Brake System Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and/or rebuilding motor vehicle brake 

systems and related components. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Brake cylinders, master and wheel, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Brake drums, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Brake hose assemblies manufacturing 

Brake pads and shoes, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Calipers, brake, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing rubber and plastics belts and hoses without fittings are 

classified in Industry 326220, Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manufacturing. 

33635 Motor Vehicle Transmission and Power Train Parts ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 336350 below. 

336350 Motor Vehicle Transmission and Power Train Parts Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and/or rebuilding motor vehicle 

transmissions and power train parts. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automatic transmissions, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Axle bearings, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Constant velocity joints, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Differential and rear axle assemblies, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Torque converters, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Universal joints, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

33636 Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 336360 below. 

336360 Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing motor vehicle seating, seats, seat 

frames, seat belts, and interior trimmings. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing convertible tops for vehicles and those manufacturing air bags 

are classified in Industry 336390, Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing. 

33637 Motor Vehicle Metal StampingT 

See industry description for 336370 below. 

336370 Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing motor vehicle stampings, such as 

fenders, tops, body parts, trim, and molding. 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing stampings and further processing the stampings--are classified according to the process of 

the specific product made; and 

 Manufacturing stampings (except motor vehicle)--are classified in U.S. Industry 332119, Metal Crown, 

Closure, and Other Metal Stamping (except Automotive). 

33639 Other Motor Vehicle Parts ManufacturingT 

 See industry description for 336390 below. 

336390 Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and/or rebuilding motor vehicle parts 

and accessories (except motor vehicle gasoline engines and engine parts, motor vehicle electrical and electronic 

equipment, motor vehicle steering and suspension components, motor vehicle brake systems, motor vehicle 

transmissions and power train parts, motor vehicle seating and interior trim, and motor vehicle stampings). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Air bag assemblies manufacturing 

Air-conditioners, motor vehicle, manufacturing 

Air-filters, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Catalytic converters, engine exhaust, automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Compressors, motor vehicle air-conditioning, manufacturing 

Mufflers and resonators, motor vehicle, manufacturing 

Radiators and cores manufacturing 

Wheels (i.e., rims), automotive, truck, and bus, manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle gasoline engines and engine parts--are classified in Industry 336310, Motor 

Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle electrical and electronic equipment--are classified in Industry 336320, Motor 

Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle steering and suspension components--are classified in Industry 336330, 

Motor Vehicle Steering and Suspension Components (except Spring) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle brake systems--are classified in Industry 336340, Motor Vehicle Brake 

System Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle transmissions and power train parts--are classified in Industry 336350, Motor 

Vehicle Transmission and Power Train Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle seating and interior trim--are classified in Industry 336360, Motor Vehicle 

Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle stampings--are classified in Industry 336370, Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping; 

and 

 Manufacturing air-conditioning systems and compressors (except motor vehicle air-conditioning systems)--

are classified in U.S. Industry 333415, Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and 

Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing. 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts ManufacturingT 

33641 Aerospace Product and Parts ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

complete aircraft, missiles, or space vehicles; (2) manufacturing aerospace engines, propulsion units, auxiliary 

equipment or parts; (3) developing and making prototypes of aerospace products; (4) aircraft conversion (i.e., major 
modifications to systems); and (5) complete aircraft or propulsion systems overhaul and rebuilding (i.e., periodic 

restoration of aircraft to original design specifications). 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing space satellites are classified in Industry 33422, Radio 

and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the repair of aircraft or aircraft engines (except overhauling, 

conversion, and rebuilding) are classified in Industry 48819, Other Support Activities for Air 

Transportation; 

 Research and development establishments primarily engaged in aerospace R&D (except prototype 

production) are classified in Industry 54171, Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and 

Life Sciences; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aircraft engine intake and exhaust valves, pistons, or 

engine filters are classified in Industry 33631, Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts 

Manufacturing; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing of aircraft seating are classified in Industry 33636, 

Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aeronautical, navigational, and guidance systems and 

instruments are classified in Industry 33451, Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control 

Instruments Manufacturing; 

 Establishment primarily engaged in manufacturing aircraft engine electrical (aeronautical electrical) 

equipment or aircraft lighting fixtures are classified in Industry 33632, Motor Vehicle Electrical and 

Electronic Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing of aircraft fluid power subassemblies are classified in 

Industry 33291, Metal Valve Manufacturing. 

336411 Aircraft Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

or assembling complete aircraft; (2) developing and making aircraft prototypes; (3) aircraft conversion (i.e., major 

modifications to systems); and (4) complete aircraft overhaul and rebuilding (i.e., periodic restoration of aircraft to 

original design specifications). 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing guided missiles and space vehicles are classified in 

U.S. Industry 336414, Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the repair of aircraft (except overhauling, conversion, and rebuilding) 

are classified in Industry 488190, Other Support Activities for Air Transportation; and 

 Research and development establishments primarily engaged in aircraft R&D (except prototype 

production) are classified in U.S. Industry 541712, Research and Development in the Physical, 

Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology). 

336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

aircraft engines and engine parts; (2) developing and making prototypes of aircraft engines and engine parts; (3) 

aircraft propulsion system conversion (i.e., major modifications to systems); and (4) aircraft propulsion systems 

overhaul and rebuilding (i.e., periodic restoration of aircraft propulsion system to original design specifications). 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing guided missile and space vehicle propulsion units and 

parts are classified in U.S. Industry 336415, Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and 

Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aircraft intake and exhaust valves and pistons and 

aircraft internal combustion engine filters are classified in Industry 336310, Motor Vehicle Gasoline 

Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the repair of aircraft engines (except overhauling, conversion, and 

rebuilding) are classified in Industry 488190, Other Support Activities for Air Transportation; 

 Research and development establishments primarily engaged in aircraft engine and engine parts R&D 

(except prototype production) are classified in U.S. Industry 541712, Research and Development in the 

Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aeronautical instruments are classified in U.S. Industry 

334511, Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument 

Manufacturing. 

336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishment primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing aircraft parts or auxiliary 

equipment (except engines and aircraft fluid power subassemblies) and/or (2) developing and making prototypes of 

aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment. Auxiliary equipment includes such items as crop dusting apparatus, 

armament racks, inflight refueling equipment, and external fuel tanks. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aircraft engines and engine parts are classified in U.S. 

Industry 336412, Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aeronautical instruments are classified in U.S. Industry 

334511, Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument 

Manufacturing; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aircraft lighting fixtures and aircraft engine electrical 

(aeronautical electrical) equipment are classified in Industry 336320, Motor Vehicle Electrical and 

Electronic Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing guided missile and space vehicle parts and auxiliary 

equipment are classified in U.S. Industry 336419, Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and 

Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing of aircraft fluid power subassemblies are classified in 

U.S. Industry 332912, Fluid Power Valve and Hose Fitting Manufacturing; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing of aircraft seating are classified in Industry 336360, 

Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing; and 

 Research and development establishments primarily engaged in aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment 

R&D (except prototype production) are classified in U.S. Industry 541712, Research and Development in 

the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology). 

336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing complete guided missiles and 

space vehicles and/or (2) developing and making prototypes of guided missiles or space vehicles. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing space satellites are classified in Industry 334220, Radio 

and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Research and development establishments primarily engaged in guided missile and space vehicle R&D 

(except prototype production) are classified in U.S. Industry 541712, Research and Development in the 

Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology). 
336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing guided missile and/or space 

vehicle propulsion units and propulsion unit parts and/or (2) developing and making prototypes of guided missile 

and space vehicle propulsion units and propulsion unit parts. 

Cross-References. 

 Research and development establishments primarily engaged in guided missile and space propulsion unit and 

propulsion unit parts R&D (except prototype production) are classified in U.S. Industry 541712, Research and 

Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology). 

336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing guided missile and space 

vehicle parts and auxiliary equipment (except guided missile and space vehicle propulsion units and propulsion unit 

parts) and/or (2) developing and making prototypes of guided missile and space vehicle parts and auxiliary 

equipment. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing navigational and guidance systems are classified in 

U.S. Industry 334511, Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and 

Instrument Manufacturing; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing guided missile and space vehicle propulsion units and 

propulsion unit parts are classified in U.S. Industry 336415, Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion 

Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; and 

 Research and development establishments primarily engaged in guided missile and space vehicle parts and 

auxiliary equipment R&D (except prototype production) are classified in U.S. Industry 541712, Research 

and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology). 

3365 Railroad Rolling Stock ManufacturingT 

33651 Railroad Rolling Stock ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 336510 below. 

336510 Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing 

and/or rebuilding locomotives, locomotive frames and parts; (2) manufacturing railroad, street, and rapid transit cars 

and car equipment for operation on rails for freight and passenger service; and (3) manufacturing rail layers, ballast 

distributors, rail tamping equipment and other railway track maintenance equipment. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing mining rail cars are classified in U.S. Industry 333131, 

Mining Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing locomotive fuel lubricating or cooling medium pumps 

are classified in U.S. Industry 333911, Pump and Pumping Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Repair establishments of railroad and local transit companies primarily engaged in repairing railroad and 

transit cars are classified in Industry 488210, Support Activities for Rail Transportation; and 

 Establishments not owned by railroad or local transit companies engaged in repairing railroad cars and 

locomotive engines are classified in Industry 811310, Commercial and Industrial Machinery and 

Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance. 
3366 Ship and Boat BuildingT 

33661 Ship and Boat BuildingT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating shipyards or boat yards (i.e., ship or boat 

manufacturing facilities). Shipyards are fixed facilities with drydocks and fabrication equipment capable of building 

a ship, defined as watercraft typically suitable or intended for other than personal or recreational use. Boats are 

defined as watercraft typically suitable or intended for personal use. Activities of shipyards include the construction 

of ships, their repair, conversion and alteration, production of prefabricated ship and barge sections, and specialized 

services, such as ship scaling. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Barge building 

Boat yards (i.e., boat manufacturing facilities) 

Cargo ship building 

Drilling and production platforms, floating, oil and gas, building 

Inflatable plastic boats, heavy-duty, manufacturing 

Inflatable rubber boats, heavy-duty, manufacturing 

Passenger ship building 

Rigid inflatable boats (RIBs) manufacturing 

Rowboats manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing inflatable rubber swimming pool rafts and similar flotation devices--are classified in 

Industry 32629, Other Rubber Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing inflatable plastic swimming pool rafts and similar flotation devices--are classified in 

Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; 

 Fabricating structural assemblies or components for ships, or subcontractors engaged in ship painting, 

joinery, carpentry work, and electrical wiring installation--are classified based on the production process 

used; and 

 Ship repairs performed in floating drydocks--are classified in Industry 48839, Other Support Activities for 

Water Transportation. 

336611 Ship Building and Repairing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating a shipyard. Shipyards are fixed 

facilities with drydocks and fabrication equipment capable of building a ship, defined as watercraft typically suitable 

or intended for other than personal or recreational use. Activities of shipyards include the construction of ships, 

their repair, conversion and alteration, the production of prefabricated ship and barge sections, and specialized 

services, such as ship scaling. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Barge building 

Cargo ship building 

Drilling and production platforms, floating, oil and gas, building 

Passenger ship building 

Submarine building 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Fabricating structural assemblies or components for ships, or subcontractors engaged in ship painting, 

joinery, carpentry work, and electrical wiring installation--are classified based on the production process 

used; and 

 Ship repairs performed in floating drydocks--are classified in Industry 488390, Other Support Activities for 

Water Transportation. 

336612 Boat Building 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in building boats. Boats are defined as watercraft 

not built in shipyards and typically of the type suitable or intended for personal use. Included in this industry are 

establishments that manufacture heavy-duty inflatable rubber or inflatable plastic boats (RIBs). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Dinghy (except inflatable rubber) manufacturing 

Inflatable plastic boats, heavy-duty, manufacturing 

Inflatable rubber boats, heavy-duty, manufacturing 

Motorboats, inboard or outboard, building 

Rigid inflatable boats (RIBs) manufacturing 

Rowboats manufacturing 

Sailboat building, not done in shipyards 

Yacht building, not done in shipyards 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Ship building or ship repairs performed in a shipyard--are classified in U.S. Industry 336611, Ship Building 

and Repairing; 

 Manufacturing inflatable rubber swimming pool rafts and similar flotation devices--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 326299, All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing inflatable plastic swimming pool rafts and similar flotation devices--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing. 

3369 Other Transportation Equipment ManufacturingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing transportation equipment 

(except motor vehicles and parts, aerospace products and parts, railroad rolling stock, ship building, and boat 

manufacturing). 

33699 Other Transportation Equipment ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing motorcycles, bicycles, metal tricycles, 

complete military armored vehicles, tanks, self-propelled weapons, vehicles pulled by draft animals, and other 

transportation equipment (except motor vehicles, boats, ships, railroad rolling stock, and aerospace products), 

including parts thereof. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing ships and boats--are classified in Industry 33661, Ship and Boat Building; 

 Manufacturing aerospace products and parts--are classified in Industry 33641, Aerospace Product and Parts 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle parts--are classified in Industry Group 3363, Motor Vehicle Parts 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing children's vehicles (except bicycles and metal tricycles)--are classified in Industry 33993, 

Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing railroad rolling stock--are classified in Industry 33651, Railroad Rolling Stock 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing motor vehicles--are classified in Industry Group 3361, Motor Vehicle Manufacturing. 

336991 Motorcycle, Bicycle, and Parts Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing motorcycles, bicycles, tricycles 

and similar equipment, and parts. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing children's vehicles (except bicycles and metal tricycles)--are classified in Industry 339930, 

Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing golf carts and other similar personnel carriers--are classified in U.S. Industry 336999, All 

Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing. 

336992 Military Armored Vehicle, Tank, and Tank Component Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing complete military armored 

vehicles, combat tanks, specialized components for combat tanks, and self-propelled weapons. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonarmored military universal carriers are classified in U.S. 

Industry 336112, Light Truck and Utility Vehicle Manufacturing. 

336999 All Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing transportation equipment (except 

motor vehicles, motor vehicle parts, boats, ships, railroad rolling stock, aerospace products, motorcycles, bicycles, 

armored vehicles and tanks). 

Illustrative Examples: 

All-terrain vehicles (ATVs), wheeled or tracked, manufacturing 

Animal-drawn vehicles and parts manufacturing 

Gocarts (except children's) manufacturing 

Golf carts and similar motorized passenger carriers manufacturing 

Race cars manufacturing 

Snowmobiles and parts manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing motorcycles, bicycles and parts--are classified in U.S. Industry 336991, Motorcycle, 

Bicycle, and Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing military armored vehicles, tanks, and tank components--are classified in U.S. Industry 

336992, Military Armored Vehicle, Tank, and Tank Component Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing ships and boats--are classified in Industry 33661, Ship and Boat Building; 

 Manufacturing aerospace products and parts--are classified in Industry 33641, Aerospace Product and Parts 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing motor vehicle parts--are classified in Industry Group 3363, Motor Vehicle Parts 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing railroad rolling stock--are classified in Industry 336510, Railroad Rolling Stock 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing motor vehicles--are classified in Industry Group 3361, Motor Vehicle Manufacturing. 
337 Furniture and Related Product ManufacturingT 

 Industries in the Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing subsector make furniture and related articles, such 

as mattresses, window blinds, cabinets, and fixtures. The processes used in the manufacture of furniture include the 

cutting, bending, molding, laminating, and assembly of such materials as wood, metal, glass, plastics, and rattan. 

However, the production process for furniture is not solely bending metal, cutting and shaping wood, or extruding 

and molding plastics. Design and fashion trends play an important part in the production of furniture. The 

integrated design of the article for both esthetic and functional qualities is also a major part of the process of 

manufacturing furniture. Design services may be performed by the furniture establishment's work force or may be 

purchased from industrial designers. 

 Furniture may be made of any material, but the most common ones used in North America are metal and wood. 

Furniture manufacturing establishments may specialize in making articles primarily from one material. Some of the 

equipment required to make a wooden table, for example, is different from that used to make a metal one. However, 

furniture is usually made from several materials. A wooden table might have metal brackets, and a wooden chair a 

fabric or plastics seat. Therefore, in NAICS, furniture initially is classified based on the type of furniture 

(application for which it is designed) rather than the material used. For example, an upholstered sofa is treated as 

household furniture, although it may also be used in hotels or offices. 

 When classifying furniture according to the component material from which it is made, furniture made from more 

than one material is classified based on the material used in the frame, or if there is no frame, the predominant 

component material. Upholstered household furniture (excluding kitchen and dining room chairs with upholstered 

seats) is classified without regard to the frame material. Kitchen or dining room chairs with upholstered seats are 

classified according to the frame material. 

 Furniture may be made on a stock or custom basis and may be shipped assembled or unassembled (i.e., 

knockdown). The manufacture of furniture parts and frames is included in this subsector. 

 Some of the processes used in furniture manufacturing are similar to processes that are used in other segments of 

manufacturing. For example, cutting and assembly occurs in the production of wood trusses that are classified in 

Subsector 321, Wood Product Manufacturing. However, the multiple processes that distinguish wood furniture 

manufacturing from wood product manufacturing warrant inclusion of wooden furniture manufacturing in the 

Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing subsector. Metal furniture manufacturing uses techniques that are also 

employed in the manufacturing of roll-formed products classified in Subsector 332, Fabricated Metal Product 

Manufacturing. The molding process for plastics furniture is similar to the molding of other plastics products. 

However, plastics furniture producing establishments tend to specialize in furniture. 

 NAICS attempts to keep furniture manufacturing together, but there are two notable exceptions: seating for 

transportation equipment and specialized hospital furniture (e.g., hospital beds and operating tables). These 

exceptions are related to the fact that some of the aspects of the production process for these products, primarily the 

design, are highly integrated with the other manufactured goods, namely motor vehicles and health equipment. 

3371 Household and Institutional Furniture and Kitchen Cabinet ManufacturingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments manufacturing household-type furniture, such as living room, 

kitchen and bedroom furniture and institutional (i.e., public building) furniture, such as furniture for schools, 

theaters, and churches. 

33711 Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 337110 below. 

337110 Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wood or plastics laminated on wood 

kitchen cabinets, bathroom vanities, and countertops (except freestanding). The cabinets and counters may be made 

on a stock or custom basis. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Manufacturing metal kitchen and bathroom cabinets (except freestanding)--are classified in U.S. Industry 

337124, Metal Household Furniture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics countertops--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing stone countertops--are classified in U.S. Industry 327991, Cut Stone and Stone Product 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing wood or plastics laminated on wood countertops (except kitchen and bathroom)--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 337215, Showcase, Partition, Shelving, and Locker Manufacturing. 

33712 Household and Institutional Furniture ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing household-type and public building 

furniture (i.e., library, school, theater, and church furniture). This industry includes establishments that manufacture 

general purpose hospital, laboratory and/or dental furniture (e.g., stools, tables, benches). The furniture may be 

made on a stock or custom basis and may be assembled or unassembled (i.e., knockdown). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing specialized hospital and/or dental furniture (e.g., hospital beds, operating tables, dental 

chairs)--are classified in Industry 33911, Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing wood or plastics laminated on wood kitchen cabinets, bathroom vanities, and countertops 

(except freestanding)--are classified in Industry 33711, Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing office-type furniture and/or office or store fixtures--are classified in Industry 33721, Office 

Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing; and 

 Repairing or refinishing furniture--are classified in Industry 81142, Reupholstery and Furniture Repair. 

337121 Upholstered Household Furniture Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing upholstered household-type 

furniture. The furniture may be made on a stock or custom basis. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Reupholstering furniture or upholstering frames to individual order--are classified in Industry 811420, 

Reupholstery and Furniture Repair; 

 Manufacturing wood kitchen and dining room chairs with upholstered seats or backs--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 337122, Nonupholstered Wood Household Furniture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal kitchen and dining room chairs with upholstered seats or backs--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 337124, Metal Household Furniture Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing kitchen and dining room chairs (except wood and metal) with upholstered seats or backs--

are classified in U.S. Industry 337125, Household Furniture (except Wood and Metal) Manufacturing. 

337122 Nonupholstered Wood Household Furniture Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonupholstered wood householdtype furniture and freestanding cabinets (except television, radio, and sewing machine cabinets). The furniture may 

be made on a stock or custom basis and may be assembled or unassembled (i.e., knockdown). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing reed, rattan, plastics and similar furniture--are classified in U.S. Industry 337125, 

Household Furniture (except Wood and Metal) Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing wood or plastics laminated on wood kitchen cabinets, bathroom vanities, and countertops 

(except freestanding)--are classified in Industry 337110, Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop 

Manufacturing; and 

 Repairing or refinishing furniture--are classified in Industry 811420, Reupholstery and Furniture Repair. 

337124 Metal Household Furniture Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metal household-type furniture 

and freestanding cabinets. The furniture may be made on a stock or custom basis and may be assembled or 

unassembled (i.e., knockdown). 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing specialized metal hospital furniture including beds are 

classified in Industry 33911, Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing. 

337125 Household Furniture (except Wood and Metal) Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing household-type furniture of 

materials other than wood or metal, such as plastics, reed, rattan, wicker, and fiberglass. The furniture may be made 

on a stock or custom basis and may be assembled or unassembled (i.e., knockdown). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing concrete, ceramic, or stone furniture--are classified in Subsector 327, Nonmetallic Mineral 

Product Manufacturing, according to the materials used; 

 Manufacturing upholstered household-type furniture--are classified in U.S. Industry 337121, Upholstered 

Household Furniture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal household-type furniture--are classified in U.S. Industry 337124, Metal Household 

Furniture Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing nonupholstered wood household-type furniture--are classified in U.S. Industry 337122, 

Nonupholstered Wood Household Furniture Manufacturing. 

337127 Institutional Furniture Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing institutional-type furniture (e.g., 

library, school, theater, and church furniture). Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in 

manufacturing general purpose hospital, laboratory, and dental furniture (e.g., tables, stools, and benches). The 

furniture may be made on a stock or custom basis and may be assembled or unassembled (i.e., knockdown). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing specialized hospital furniture (e.g., hospital beds, operating tables)--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 339113, Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing specialized dental furniture (e.g., dental chairs)--are classified in U.S. Industry 339114, 

Dental Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing wood kitchen cabinets, wood bathroom vanities, and countertops designed for permanent 

installation--are classified in Industry 337110, Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing office-type furniture and/or office or store fixtures--are classified in Industry 33721, Office 

Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing; and 

 Repairing or refinishing furniture--are classified in Industry 811420, Reupholstery and Furniture Repair. 

3372 Office Furniture (including Fixtures) ManufacturingT 

33721 Office Furniture (including Fixtures) ManufacturingT 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing office furniture and/or office and store 

fixtures. The furniture may be made on a stock or custom basis and may be assembled or unassembled (i.e., 

knockdown). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing millwork on a factory basis--are classified in Industry 32191, Millwork; 

 Manufacturing household-type and institutional-type furniture--are classified in Industry 33712, Household 

and Institutional Furniture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing refrigerated cabinets, showcases, and display cases--are classified in Industry 33341, 

Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing metal safes and vaults--are classified in Industry 33299, All Other Fabricated Metal Product 

Manufacturing. 

337211 Wood Office Furniture Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wood office-type furniture. The 

furniture may be made on a stock or custom basis and may be assembled or unassembled (i.e., knockdown). 

337212 Custom Architectural Woodwork and Millwork Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing custom designed interiors 

consisting of architectural woodwork and fixtures utilizing wood, wood products, and plastics laminates. All of the 

industry output is made to individual order on a job shop basis and requires skilled craftsmen as a labor input. A job 

might include custom manufacturing of display fixtures, gondolas, wall shelving units, entrance and window 

architectural detail, sales and reception counters, wall paneling, and matching furniture. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing millwork on a factory basis--are classified in U.S. Industry 321918, Other Millwork 

(including Flooring); 

 Manufacturing wood office-type furniture on a stock or custom basis--are classified in U.S. Industry 

337211, Wood Office Furniture Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing wood office-type furniture and store fixtures on a stock basis--are classified in U.S. Industry 

337215, Showcase, Partition, Shelving, and Locker Manufacturing. 

337214 Office Furniture (except Wood) Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonwood office-type furniture. 

The furniture may be made on a stock or custom basis and may be assembled or unassembled (i.e., knockdown). 

337215 Showcase, Partition, Shelving, and Locker Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing wood and nonwood office and 

store fixtures, shelving, lockers, frames, partitions, and related fabricated products of wood and nonwood materials, 

including plastics laminated fixture tops. The products are made on a stock or custom basis and may be assembled 

or unassembled (i.e., knockdown). Establishments exclusively making furniture parts (e.g., frames) are included in 

this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing refrigerated cabinets, showcases, and display cases--are classified in U.S. Industry 333415, 

Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration 

Equipment Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing metal safes and vaults--are classified in U.S. Industry 332999, All Other Miscellaneous 

Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing wood or plastics laminated kitchen and bathroom countertops--are classified in Industry 

337110, Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing. 

3379 Other Furniture Related Product ManufacturingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments manufacturing furniture related products, such as mattresses, blinds, 

and shades. 

33791 Mattress ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 337910 below. 

337910 Mattress Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing innerspring, box spring, and 

noninnerspring mattresses, including mattresses for waterbeds. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing individual wire springs--are classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire Product 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing inflatable mattresses--are classified in Subsector 326, Plastics and Rubber Products 

Manufacturing. 

33792 Blind and Shade ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 337920 below. 

337920 Blind and Shade Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing one or more of the following: 

venetian blinds, other window blinds, shades; curtain and drapery rods, poles; and/or curtain and drapery fixtures. 

The blinds and shades may be made on a stock or custom basis and may be made of any material. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing canvas awnings--are classified in Industry 314910, Textile Bag and Canvas Mills; and 

 Manufacturing curtains and draperies--are classified in Industry 314120, Curtain and Linen Mills. 

339 Miscellaneous ManufacturingT 

 Industries in the Miscellaneous Manufacturing subsector make a wide range of products that cannot readily be 

classified in specific NAICS subsectors in manufacturing. Processes used by these establishments vary 

significantly, both among and within industries. For example, a variety of manufacturing processes are used in 

manufacturing sporting and athletic goods that include products such as tennis racquets and golf balls. The 

processes for these products differ from each other, and the processes differ significantly from the fabrication 

processes used in making dolls or toys, the melting and shaping of precious metals to make jewelry, and the 

bending, forming, and assembly used in making medical products. 

 The industries in this subsector are defined by what is made rather than how it is made. Although individual 

establishments might be appropriately classified elsewhere in the NAICS structure, for historical continuity, these 

product-based industries were maintained. In most cases, no one process or material predominates for an industry. 

 Establishments in this subsector manufacture products as diverse as medical equipment and supplies, jewelry, 

sporting goods, toys, and office supplies. 

3391 Medical Equipment and Supplies ManufacturingT 
33911 Medical Equipment and Supplies ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing medical equipment and supplies. 

Examples of products made by these establishments are surgical and medical instruments, surgical appliances and 

supplies, dental equipment and supplies, orthodontic goods, ophthalmic goods, dentures, and orthodontic appliances. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing laboratory instruments, X-ray apparatus, electromedical apparatus (including electronic 

hearing aids), and thermometers (except medical)--are classified in Industry 33451, Navigational, 

Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing molded glass lens blanks--are classified in Industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing molded plastics lens blanks--are classified in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Retailing and grinding prescription eyeglasses--are classified in Industry 44613, Optical Goods Stores; 

 Manufacturing sporting goods helmets and protective equipment--are classified in Industry 33992, Sporting 

and Athletic Goods Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing general purpose hospital, laboratory and/or dental furniture (e.g., stools, tables, benches)--

are classified in Industry 33712, Household and Institutional Furniture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing laboratory scales and balances, laboratory furnaces and ovens, and/or laboratory 

centrifuges--are classified in Industry 33399, All Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing laboratory distilling equipment--are classified in Industry 33324, Industrial Machinery 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing laboratory freezers--are classified in Industry 33341, Ventilation, Heating, AirConditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing. 

339112 Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing medical, surgical, ophthalmic, 

and veterinary instruments and apparatus (except electrotherapeutic, electromedical and irradiation apparatus). 

Examples of products made by these establishments are syringes, hypodermic needles, anesthesia apparatus, blood 

transfusion equipment, catheters, surgical clamps, and medical thermometers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus--are classified in U.S. Industry 334510, 

Electromedical and Electrotherapeutic Apparatus Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing irradiation apparatus--are classified in U.S. Industry 334517, Irradiation Apparatus 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing surgical and orthopedic appliances or specialized hospital furniture (except dental) (e.g., 

hospital beds, operating tables)--are classified in U.S. Industry 339113, Surgical Appliance and Supplies 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing dental equipment, dental supplies, dental laboratory apparatus, and dental laboratory 

furniture--are classified in U.S. Industry 339114, Dental Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing general purpose hospital, laboratory and/or dental furniture (e.g., stools, tables, benches)--

are classified in U.S. Industry 337127, Institutional Furniture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing thermometers (except medical)--are classified in U.S. Industry 334519, Other Measuring 

and Controlling Device Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing ophthalmic goods--are classified in U.S. Industry 339115, Ophthalmic Goods 

Manufacturing. 

339113 Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing surgical appliances and supplies. 

Examples of products made by these establishments are orthopedic devices, prosthetic appliances, surgical 

dressings, crutches, surgical sutures, personal industrial safety devices (except protective eyewear), hospital beds, 

and operating room tables. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing dental equipment, dental supplies, dental laboratory apparatus, and specialized dental 

laboratory furniture (e.g. dental chairs)--are classified in U.S. Industry 339114, Dental Equipment and 

Supplies Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing general purpose hospital, laboratory and/or dental furniture (e.g., stools, tables, benches)--

are classified in U.S. Industry 337127, Institutional Furniture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electronic hearing aids--are classified in U.S. Industry 334510, Electromedical and 

Electrotherapeutic Apparatus Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing industrial protective eyewear--are classified in U.S. Industry 339115, Ophthalmic Goods 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing sporting goods helmets and protective equipment--are classified in Industry 339920, 

Sporting and Athletic Goods Manufacturing. 

339114 Dental Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dental equipment and supplies 

used by dental laboratories and offices of dentists, such as dental chairs, dental instrument delivery systems, dental 

hand instruments, and dental impression material and dental cements. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dentures, crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances 

customized for individual application are classified in U.S. Industry 339116, Dental Laboratories. 

339115 Ophthalmic Goods Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing ophthalmic goods. Examples of 

products made by these establishments are prescription eyeglasses (except manufactured in a retail setting), contact 

lenses, sunglasses, eyeglass frames, and reading glasses made to standard powers, and protective eyewear. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing molded glass lens blanks--are classified in U.S. Industry 327212, Other Pressed and Blown 

Glass and Glassware Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing molded plastics lens blanks--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics 

Product Manufacturing; and 

 Retailing and grinding prescription eyeglasses--are classified in Industry 446130, Optical Goods Stores. 

339116 Dental Laboratories 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dentures, crowns, bridges, and 

orthodontic appliances customized for individual application. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dental equipment and supplies are classified in U.S. Industry 

339114, Dental Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing. 

3399 Other Miscellaneous ManufacturingT 
33991 Jewelry and Silverware ManufacturingT 

 See industry description for 339910 below. 

339910 Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing, 

engraving, chasing, or etching jewelry; (2) manufacturing, engraving, chasing, or etching metal personal goods (i.e., 

small articles carried on or about the person, such as compacts or cigarette cases); (3) manufacturing, engraving, 

chasing, or etching precious metal solid, precious metal clad, or pewter flatware and other hollowware; (4) stamping 

coins; (5) manufacturing unassembled jewelry parts and stock shop products, such as sheet, wire, and tubing; (6) 

cutting, slabbing, tumbling, carving, engraving, polishing, or faceting precious or semiprecious stones and gems; (7) 

recutting, repolishing, and setting gem stones; and (8) drilling, sawing, and peeling cultured and costume pearls. 

This industry includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing precious solid, precious clad, and 

precious plated jewelry and personal goods. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing nonprecious and precious plated metal cutlery and flatware--are classified in U.S. Industry 

332215, Metal Kitchen Cookware, Utensil, Cutlery, and Flatware (except Precious) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing nonprecious metal plated ware (except cutlery and flatware)--are classified in U.S. Industry 

332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing; 

 Engraving, chasing, or etching nonprecious and precious plated metal cutlery, flatware and other plated 

ware--are classified in U.S. Industry 332812, Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), 

and Allied Services to Manufacturers; 

 Plating jewelry--are classified in U.S. Industry 332813, Electroplating, Plating, Polishing, Anodizing, and 

Coloring; 

 Manufacturing synthetic stones--are classified in U.S. Industry 327999, All Other Miscellaneous 

Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing personal goods (except metal) carried on or about the person, such as compacts and 

cigarette cases--are classified in U.S. Industry 316998, All Other Leather Good and Allied Product 

Manufacturing. 

33992 Sporting and Athletic Goods ManufacturingT 

See industry description for 339920 below. 

339920 Sporting and Athletic Goods Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing sporting and athletic goods (except 

apparel and footwear). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing athletic apparel--are classified in Subsector 315, Apparel Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing athletic footwear--are classified in Industry 316210, Footwear Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing small arms and small arms ammunition--are classified in Industry 33299, All Other 

Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing. 

33993 Doll, Toy, and Game ManufacturingT 

 See industry description for 339930 below. 

339930 Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dolls, such as complete dolls, doll 

parts, doll clothes, action figures, toys, games (including electronic), hobby kits, and children's vehicles (except 

metal bicycles and tricycles). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing metal tricycles and bicycles--are classified in U.S. Industry 336991, Motorcycle, Bicycle, 

and Parts Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing sporting and athletic goods--are classified in Industry 339920, Sporting and Athletic Goods 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing coin-operated game machines--are classified in U.S. Industry 339999, All Other 

Miscellaneous Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing electronic video game cartridges and reproducing video game software--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 334614, Software and Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing; and 

 Publishing or publishing and reproducing game software--are classified in Industry 511210, Software 

Publishers. 

33994 Office Supplies (except Paper) ManufacturingT 

 See industry description for 339940 below. 

339940 Office Supplies (except Paper) Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing office supplies. Examples of 

products made by these establishments are pens, pencils, felt tip markers, crayons, chalk, pencil sharpeners, staplers, 

modeling clay, hand operated stamps, stamp pads, stencils, carbon paper, and inked ribbons. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing writing, drawing, and india inks--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other 

Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing rubber erasers--are classified in U.S. Industry 326299, All Other Rubber Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing paper office supplies--are classified in Subsector 322, Paper Manufacturing; 

 Printing manifold business forms and manufacturing blankbooks, looseleaf binders, and devices--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 323111, Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books); 

 Manufacturing drafting tables and boards--are classified in U.S. Industry 337127, Institutional Furniture 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing inkjet cartridges--are classified in Industry 325910, Printing Ink Manufacturing. 

33995 Sign ManufacturingT 

 See industry description for 339950 below. 

339950 Sign Manufacturing

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing signs and related displays of all 

materials (except printing paper and paperboard signs, notices, displays). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Printing advertising specialties or printing paper and paperboard signs, notices, and displays--are classified 

in Industry 32311, Printing; 

 Manufacturing and printing advertising specialties--are classified in the manufacturing sector according to 

products manufactured; 

 Manufacturing die-cut paperboard displays--are classified in U.S. Industry 322299, All Other Converted 

Paper Product Manufacturing; and 
 Sign lettering and painting--are classified in Industry 541890, Other Services Related to Advertising. 

33999 All Other Miscellaneous ManufacturingT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in miscellaneous manufacturing (except medical 

equipment and supplies, jewelry and flatware, sporting and athletic goods, dolls, toys, games, office supplies (except 

paper), and signs). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Artificial Christmas trees manufacturing 

Burial caskets and cases manufacturing 

Candles manufacturing 

Coin-operated amusement machines (except jukebox) manufacturing 

Fasteners, buttons, needles, and pins (except precious metals or precious and semiprecious stones and gems) 

manufacturing 

Floor and dust mops manufacturing 

Gasket, packing, and sealing devices manufacturing 

Musical instruments (except toy) manufacturing 

Portable fire extinguishers manufacturing 

Umbrellas manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing medical equipment and supplies--are classified in Industry Group 3391, Medical Equipment 

and Supplies Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing jewelry and flatware--are classified in Industry 33991, Jewelry and Silverware 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing sporting and athletic goods--are classified in Industry 33992, Sporting and Athletic Goods 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing dolls, toys, and games--are classified in Industry 33993, Doll, Toy, and Game 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing office supplies (except paper)--are classified in Industry 33994, Office Supplies (except 

Paper) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing signs--are classified in Industry 33995, Sign Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing concrete burial vaults--are classified in Industry 32739, Other Concrete Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing Christmas tree glass ornaments and glass lamp shades--are classified in Industry 32721, 

Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing Christmas tree lighting sets--are classified in Industry 33512, Lighting Fixture 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing beauty and barber chairs--are classified in Industry 33712, Household and Institutional 

Furniture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing burnt wood articles--are classified in Industry 32199, All Other Wood Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Dressing and bleaching furs--are classified in Industry 31611, Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing; 

 Manufacturing paper, textile, and metal lamp shades--are classified in Industry 33512, Lighting Fixture 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics lamp shades--are classified in Industry 32619, Other Plastics Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing matches--are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and Preparation 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal products, such as metal combs and hair curlers--are classified in Industry 33299, All 

Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing; 
 Manufacturing plastics products, such as plastics combs and hair curlers--are classified in Industry 32619, 

Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing electric hair clippers for use on humans--are classified in Industry 33521, Small Electrical 

Appliance Manufacturing. 

339991 Gasket, Packing, and Sealing Device Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing gaskets, packing, and sealing 

devices of all materials. 

339992 Musical Instrument Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing musical instruments (except 

toys). 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing toy musical instruments are classified in Industry 339930, 

Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing. 

339993 Fastener, Button, Needle, and Pin Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fasteners, buttons, needles, pins, 

and buckles (except precious metals or precious and semiprecious stones and gems). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing buttons, pins, and buckles made of precious metals or precious and semiprecious stones and 

gems--are classified in Industry 339910, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing hypodermic and suture needles--are classified in U.S. Industry 339112, Surgical and 

Medical Instrument Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing phonograph and styli needles--are classified in U.S. Industry 334419, Other Electronic 

Component Manufacturing. 

339994 Broom, Brush, and Mop Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing brooms, mops, and brushes. 

339995 Burial Casket Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing burial caskets, cases, and vaults 

(except concrete). 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concrete burial vaults are classified in Industry 327390, Other 

Concrete Product Manufacturing. 

339999 All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in miscellaneous manufacturing (except medical 

equipment and supplies, jewelry and flatware, sporting and athletic goods, dolls, toys, games, office supplies (except 

paper), musical instruments, fasteners, buttons, needles, pins, brooms, brushes, mops, and burial caskets). 

Illustrative Examples: 
Artificial Christmas trees manufacturing 

Candles manufacturing 

Christmas tree ornaments (except glass and electric) manufacturing 

Cigarette lighters (except precious metal) manufacturing 

Coin-operated amusement machines (except jukebox) manufacturing 

Hair pieces (e.g., wigs, toupees, wiglets) manufacturing 

Portable fire extinguishers manufacturing 

Potpourri manufacturing 

Tobacco pipes manufacturing 

Umbrellas manufacturing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing medical equipment and supplies--are classified in Industry Group 3391, Medical Equipment 

and Supplies Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing jewelry and flatware--are classified in Industry 339910, Jewelry and Silverware 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing sporting and athletic goods--are classified in Industry 339920, Sporting and Athletic Goods 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing dolls, toys, and games--are classified in Industry 339930, Doll, Toy, and Game 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing office supplies (except paper)--are classified in Industry 339940, Office Supplies (except 

Paper) Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing signs--are classified in Industry 339950, Sign Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing gasket, packing, and sealing devices--are classified in U.S. Industry 339991, Gasket, 

Packing, and Sealing Device Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing musical instruments--are classified in U.S. Industry 339992, Musical Instrument 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing fasteners, buttons, needles, and pins--are classified in U.S. Industry 339993, Fastener, 

Button, Needle, and Pin Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing brooms, brushes, and mops--are classified in U.S. Industry 339994, Broom, Brush, and Mop 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing burial caskets--are classified in U.S. Industry 339995, Burial Casket Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing Christmas tree glass ornaments and glass lamp shades--are classified in U.S. Industry 

327215, Glass Product Manufacturing Made of Purchased Glass; 

 Manufacturing Christmas tree lighting sets--are classified in U.S. Industry 335129, Other Lighting 

Equipment Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing beauty and barber chairs--are classified in U.S. Industry 337127, Institutional Furniture 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing burnt wood articles--are classified in U.S. Industry 321999, All Other Miscellaneous Wood 

Product Manufacturing; 

 Dressing and bleaching furs--are classified in Industry 316110, Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing; 

 Manufacturing paper, textile, and metal lamp shades--are classified in U.S. Industry 335121, Residential 

Electric Lighting Fixture Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics lamp shades--are classified in U.S. Industry 326199, All Other Plastics Product 

Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing matches--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product 

and Preparation Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing metal products, such as metal combs and hair curlers--are classified in U.S. Industry 

332999, All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing; 

 Manufacturing plastics products, such as plastics combs and hair curlers--are classified in U.S. Industry 

326199, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing electric hair clippers for use on humans--are classified in Industry 335210, Small Electrical 

Appliance Manufacturing. 
Sector 42--Wholesale TradeT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Wholesale Trade sector comprises establishments engaged in wholesaling merchandise, generally without 

transformation, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. The merchandise described in this 

sector includes the outputs of agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and certain information industries, such as 

publishing. 

 The wholesaling process is an intermediate step in the distribution of merchandise. Wholesalers are organized to 

sell or arrange the purchase or sale of (a) goods for resale (i.e., goods sold to other wholesalers or retailers), (b) 

capital or durable nonconsumer goods, and (c) raw and intermediate materials and supplies used in production. 

 Wholesalers sell merchandise to other businesses and normally operate from a warehouse or office. These 

warehouses and offices are characterized by having little or no display of merchandise. In addition, neither the 

design nor the location of the premises is intended to solicit walk-in traffic. Wholesalers do not normally use 

advertising directed to the general public. Customers are generally reached initially via telephone, in-person 

marketing, or by specialized advertising that may include Internet and other electronic means. Follow-up orders are 

either vendor-initiated or client-initiated, generally based on previous sales, and typically exhibit strong ties between 

sellers and buyers. In fact, transactions are often conducted between wholesalers and clients that have long-standing 

business relationships. 

 This sector comprises two main types of wholesalers: merchant wholesalers that sell goods on their own account 

and business-to-business electronic markets, agents, and brokers that arrange sales and purchases for others 

generally for a commission or fee. 

 (1) Establishments that sell goods on their own account are known as wholesale merchants, distributors, jobbers, 

drop shippers, and import/export merchants. Also included as wholesale merchants are sales offices and sales 

branches (but not retail stores) maintained by manufacturing, refining, or mining enterprises apart from their plants 

or mines for the purpose of marketing their products and group purchasing organizations (e.g., purchasing and 

selling goods on their own account). Merchant wholesale establishments typically maintain their own warehouse, 

where they receive and handle goods for their customers. Goods are generally sold without transformation, but may 

include integral functions, such as sorting, packaging, labeling, and other marketing services. 

 (2) Establishments arranging for the purchase or sale of goods owned by others or purchasing goods, generally on 

a commission basis are known as business-to-business electronic markets, agents and brokers, commission 

merchants, import/export agents and brokers, auction companies, group purchasing organization (e.g., purchasing or 

arranging for the purchases of goods owned by others), and manufacturers' representatives. These establishments 

operate from offices and generally do not own or handle the goods they sell. 

 Some wholesale establishments may be connected with a single manufacturer and promote and sell the particular 

manufacturers' products to a wide range of other wholesalers or retailers. Other wholesalers may be connected to a 

retail chain, or limited number of retail chains, and only provide a variety of products needed by that particular retail 

operation(s). These wholesalers may obtain the products from a wide range of manufacturers. Still other 

wholesalers may not take title to the goods, but act as agents and brokers for a commission. 

 Although, in general, wholesaling normally denotes sales in large volumes, durable nonconsumer goods may be 

sold in single units. Sales of capital or durable nonconsumer goods used in the production of goods and services, 

such as farm machinery, medium- and heavy-duty trucks, and industrial machinery, are always included in 

wholesale trade. 

423 Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods 

 Industries in the Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods subsector sell capital or durable goods to other businesses. 

Merchant wholesalers generally take title to the goods that they sell; in other words, they buy and sell goods on their 

own account. Durable goods are new or used items generally with a normal life expectancy of three years or more. 

Durable goods merchant wholesale trade establishments are engaged in wholesaling products, such as motor 

vehicles, furniture, construction materials, machinery and equipment (including household-type appliances), metals 

and minerals (except petroleum), sporting goods, toys and hobby goods, recyclable materials, and parts. 

 Business-to-business electronic markets, agents, and brokers primarily engaged in wholesaling durable goods, 

generally on a commission or fee basis, are classified in Subsector 425, Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents 

and Brokers. 
4231 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of 

automobiles and other motor vehicles, motor vehicle supplies, tires, and new and used parts. 

42311 Automobile and Other Motor Vehicle Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423110 below. 

423110 Automobile and Other Motor Vehicle Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of new and used 

passenger automobiles, trucks, trailers, and other motor vehicles, such as motorcycles, motor homes, and 

snowmobiles. 

42312 Motor Vehicle Supplies and New Parts Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423120 below. 

423120 Motor Vehicle Supplies and New Parts Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of motor vehicle 

supplies, accessories, tools, and equipment; and new motor vehicle parts (except new tires and tubes). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of new and/or used tires and tubes--are classified in Industry 423130, Tire 

and Tube Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of automotive chemicals (except lubricating oils and greases)--are 

classified in Industry 424690, Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of lubricating oils and greases--are classified in Industry 424720, 

Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals); and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of used motor vehicle parts--are classified in Industry 423140, Motor 

Vehicle Parts (Used) Merchant Wholesalers. 

42313 Tire and Tube Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423130 below. 

423130 Tire and Tube Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of new and/or 

used tires and tubes for passenger and commercial vehicles. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of other new automobile parts and accessories--are classified in Industry 

423120, Motor Vehicle Supplies and New Parts Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of other used automobile parts and accessories--are classified in Industry 

423140, Motor Vehicle Parts (Used) Merchant Wholesalers. 

42314 Motor Vehicle Parts (Used) Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423140 below. 

423140 Motor Vehicle Parts (Used) Merchant Wholesalers 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of used motor 

vehicle parts (except used tires and tubes) and establishments primarily engaged in dismantling motor vehicles for 

the purpose of selling the parts. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Dismantling motor vehicles for the purpose of selling scrap--are classified in Industry 423930, Recyclable 

Material Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of new and/or used tires and tubes--are classified in Industry 423130, Tire 

and Tube Merchant Wholesalers. 

4232 Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers 

42321 Furniture Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423210 below. 

423210 Furniture Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of furniture 

(except hospital beds, medical furniture, and drafting tables). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Household-type furniture merchant wholesalers 

Outdoor furniture merchant wholesalers 

Mattresses merchant wholesalers 

Public building furniture merchant wholesalers 

Office furniture merchant wholesalers 

Religious furniture merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of partitions, shelving, lockers, and store fixtures--are classified in 

Industry 423440, Other Commercial Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of hospital beds and medical furniture--are classified in Industry 423450, 

Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of drafting tables--are classified in Industry 423490, Other Professional 

Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers. 

42322 Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423220 below. 

423220 Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of home 

furnishings and/or housewares. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Carpet merchant wholesalers 

Glassware merchant wholesalers 

Chinaware merchant wholesalers 

Household-type cooking utensil merchant wholesalers 

Curtain merchant wholesalers 

Lamp merchant wholesalers 

Drapery merchant wholesalers 
Linen (e.g., bath, bed, table) merchant wholesalers 

Floor covering merchant wholesalers 

Window blind and shade merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of household-type gas and electric appliances (except water heaters and 

heating stoves (i.e., noncooking))--are classified in Industry 423620, Household Appliances, Electric 

Housewares, and Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of precious metal flatware--are classified in Industry 423940, Jewelry, 

Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers. 

4233 Lumber and Other Construction Materials Merchant Wholesalers 

42331 Lumber, Plywood, Millwork, and Wood Panel Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423310 below. 

423310 Lumber, Plywood, Millwork, and Wood Panel Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of lumber; 

plywood; reconstituted wood fiber products; wood fencing; doors and windows and their frames (all materials); 

wood roofing and siding; and/or other wood or metal millwork. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of nonwood roofing and siding materials--are classified in Industry 

423330, Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of timber and timber products, such as railroad ties, logs, firewood, and 

pulpwood--are classified in Industry 423990, Other Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers. 

42332 Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423320 below. 

423320 Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of stone, cement, 

lime, construction sand, and gravel; brick; asphalt and concrete mixtures; and/or concrete, stone, and structural clay 

products. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of refractory brick and other refractory products--are classified in Industry 

423840, Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Selling ready-mix concrete--are classified in Industry 327320, Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing. 

42333 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423330 below. 

423330 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of nonwood 

roofing and nonwood siding and insulation materials. 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of wood roofing and wood siding are 

classified in Industry 423310, Lumber, Plywood, Millwork, and Wood Panel Merchant Wholesalers. 

42339 Other Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423390 below. 

423390 Other Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of 

manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes) and/or prefabricated buildings and (2) establishments primarily engaged in 

the merchant wholesale distribution of construction materials (except lumber, plywood, millwork, wood panels, 

brick, stone, roofing, siding, electrical and wiring supplies, and insulation materials). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Flat glass merchant wholesalers 

Prefabricated buildings (except wood) merchant wholesalers 

Ornamental ironwork merchant wholesalers 

Wire fencing and fencing accessories merchant wholesalers 

Plate glass merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of products of the primary metals industries--are classified in Industry 

423510, Metal Service Centers and Other Metal Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of lumber; plywood; reconstituted wood fiber products; wood fencing; 

doors, windows, and their frames; wood roofing and wood siding; and other wood or metal millwork--are 

classified in Industry 423310, Lumber, Plywood, Millwork, and Wood Panel Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of stone, cement, lime, construction sand and gravel; brick; asphalt and 

concrete mixtures (except ready-mix concrete); and/or concrete, stone, and structural clay products--are 

classified in Industry 423320, Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of nonwood roofing, nonwood siding and insulation materials--are 

classified in Industry 423330, Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of electrical supplies and wiring supplies--are classified in Industry 

423610, Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant 

Wholesalers; and 

 Selling ready-mix concrete--are classified in Industry 327320, Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing. 

4234 Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of 

photographic equipment and supplies; office, computer, and computer peripheral equipment; and medical, dental, 

hospital, ophthalmic, and other commercial and professional equipment and supplies. 

42341 Photographic Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423410 below. 

423410 Photographic Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of photographic 

equipment and supplies (except office equipment). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Photofinishing equipment merchant wholesalers 
Television cameras merchant wholesalers 

Photographic camera equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 

Video cameras (except household-type) merchant wholesalers 

Photographic film merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of household-type video cameras--are classified in Industry 423620, 

Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of office equipment, such as photocopy and microfilm equipment--are 

classified in Industry 423420, Office Equipment Merchant Wholesalers. 

42342 Office Equipment Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423420 below. 

423420 Office Equipment Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of office 

machines and related equipment (except computers and computer peripheral equipment). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Accounting machines merchant wholesalers 

Mailing machine merchant wholesalers 

Calculator and calculating machines merchant wholesalers 

Microfilm equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 

Cash register merchant wholesalers 

Security safe merchant wholesalers 

Copying machine merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of office furniture--are classified in Industry 423210, Furniture Merchant 

Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of computers and computer peripheral equipment--are classified in 

Industry 423430, Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of office supplies--are classified in Industry 424120, Stationery and Office 

Supplies Merchant Wholesalers. 

42343 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423430 below. 

423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of computers, 

computer peripheral equipment, loaded computer boards, and/or computer software. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of modems and other electronic communications equipment--are classified 

in Industry 423690, Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Selling, planning, and designing computer systems that integrate computer hardware, software, and 

communication technologies--are classified in U.S. Industry 541512, Computer Systems Design Services. 

42344 Other Commercial Equipment Merchant Wholesalers 
See industry description for 423440 below. 

423440 Other Commercial Equipment Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of commercial 

and related machines and equipment (except photographic equipment and supplies; office equipment; and computers 

and computer peripheral equipment and software) generally used in restaurants and stores. 

Illustrative Examples:

Balances and scales (except laboratory) merchant wholesalers 

Commercial shelving merchant wholesalers 

Coin-operated merchandising machine merchant wholesalers 

Electrical sign merchant wholesalers 

Commercial chinaware merchant wholesalers 

Partitions merchant wholesalers 

Commercial cooking equipment merchant wholesalers 

Store fixture (except refrigerated) merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of photographic equipment and supplies--are classified in Industry 

423410, Photographic Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of office machines and related equipment--are classified in Industry 

423420, Office Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of computers, computer peripheral equipment, and computer software--are 

classified in Industry 423430, Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant 

Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of laboratory scales and balances (except medical and dental)--are 

classified in Industry 423490, Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of refrigerated store fixtures--are classified in Industry 423740, 

Refrigeration Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers. 

42345 Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423450 below. 

423450 Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of professional 

medical equipment, instruments, and supplies (except ophthalmic equipment and instruments and goods used by 

ophthalmologists, optometrists, and opticians). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Dental equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 

Medical dressings merchant wholesalers 

Electromedical equipment merchant wholesalers 

Patient monitoring equipment merchant wholesalers 

Hospital beds merchant wholesalers 

Prosthetic appliance and supplies merchant wholesalers 

Hospital furniture merchant wholesalers 

Surgical instrument and apparatus merchant wholesalers 

Medical and dental X-ray machine merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of professional equipment, instruments 

and/or goods sold, prescribed, or used by ophthalmologists, optometrists, and opticians are classified in Industry 

423460, Ophthalmic Goods Merchant Wholesalers. 

42346 Ophthalmic Goods Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423460 below. 

423460 Ophthalmic Goods Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of professional 

equipment, instruments, and/or goods sold, prescribed, or used by ophthalmologists, optometrists, and opticians. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Binocular merchant wholesalers 

Optometric equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 

Ophthalmic frame merchant wholesalers 

Sunglasses merchant wholesalers 

Ophthalmic lenses merchant wholesalers 

42349 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423490 below. 

423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of professional 

equipment and supplies (except ophthalmic goods and medical, dental, and hospital equipment and supplies). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Church supplies (except silverware, plated ware) merchant wholesalers 

School equipment and supplies (except books, furniture) merchant wholesalers 

Drafting tables and instruments merchant wholesalers 

Scientific instruments merchant wholesalers 

Laboratory equipment (except medical, dental) merchant wholesalers 

Surveying equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of professional equipment, instruments, and/or goods sold, prescribed, or 

used by ophthalmologists, optometrists, and opticians, such as ophthalmic frames and lenses, and 

sunglasses--are classified in Industry 423460, Ophthalmic Goods Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of medical professional equipment, instruments, and supplies used by 

medical and dental practitioners (except ophthalmic equipment, instruments, and goods used by 

ophthalmologists, optometrists, and opticians) and medical facilities--are classified in Industry 423450, 

Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of silverware and plated flatware--are classified in Industry 423940, 

Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of books--are classified in Industry 424920, Book, Periodical, and 

Newspaper Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of school furniture--are classified in Industry 423210, Furniture Merchant 

Wholesalers. 

4235 Metal and Mineral (except Petroleum) Merchant Wholesalers 

42351 Metal Service Centers and Other Metal Merchant Wholesalers 
See industry description for 423510 below. 

423510 Metal Service Centers and Other Metal Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of products of 

the primary metals industries. Service centers maintain inventory and may perform functions, such as sawing, 

shearing, bending, leveling, cleaning, or edging, on a custom basis as part of sales transactions. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Cast iron pipe merchant wholesalers 

Metal rod merchant wholesalers 

Metal bars (except precious) merchant wholesalers 

Metal sheet merchant wholesalers 

Metal ingots (except precious) merchant wholesalers 

Metal spike merchant wholesalers 

Metal pipe merchant wholesalers 

Nail merchant wholesalers 

Metal plate merchant wholesalers 

Noninsulated wire merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of gold, silver, and platinum--are classified in Industry 423940, Jewelry, 

Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of automotive, industrial, and other recyclable metal scrap--are classified 

in Industry 423930, Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of insulated wire--are classified in Industry 423610, Electrical Apparatus 

and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers. 

42352 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423520 below. 

423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of coal, coke, 

metal ores, and/or nonmetallic minerals (except precious and semiprecious stones and minerals used in construction, 

such as sand and gravel). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of nonmetallic minerals used in construction, such as sand and gravel--are 

classified in Industry 423320, Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of crude petroleum--are classified in Industry Group 4247, Petroleum and 

Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of precious and semiprecious stones and metals--are classified in Industry 

423940, Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers. 

4236 Household Appliances and Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers 

42361 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant 

Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423610 below. 
423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant 

Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of electrical 

construction materials; wiring supplies; electric light fixtures; light bulbs; and/or electrical power equipment for the 

generation, transmission, distribution, or control of electric energy. 

42362 Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423620 below. 

423620 Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of householdtype gas and electric appliances (except water heaters and heating stoves (i.e., noncooking)), room air-conditioners, 

and/or household-type audio or video equipment. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Household-type sewing machine merchant wholesalers 

Household-type radio (including automotive) merchant wholesalers 

Household-type video camera merchant wholesalers 

Household-type refrigerator merchant wholesalers 

Television set merchant wholesalers 

Toothbrushes, electric, merchant wholesalers 

Curling irons, electric, merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of gas and electric water heaters and heating stoves (i.e., noncooking)--are 

classified in Industry 423720, Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies (Hydronics) Merchant 

Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of nonhousehold-type video cameras--are classified in Industry 423410, 

Photographic Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers. 

42369 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423690 below. 

423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of electronic 

parts and equipment (except electrical apparatus and equipment, wiring supplies, and construction materials; 

electrical and electronic appliances; and television and radio sets). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Blank audio or video tape merchant wholesalers 

Communications equipment merchant wholesalers 

Blank compact disc (CD) merchant wholesalers 

Radar equipment merchant wholesalers 

Blank digital video disc (DVD) merchant wholesalers 

Telegraph equipment merchant wholesalers 

Blank diskette merchant wholesalers 

Telephone equipment merchant wholesalers 

Broadcasting equipment merchant wholesalers 

Unloaded computer board merchant wholesalers 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of household-type gas and electric appliances (except water heaters and 

heating stoves (i.e., noncooking)), room air-conditioners, clothes dryers, and/or household-type audio or 

video equipment--are classified in Industry 423620, Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and 

Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of computers, computer peripheral equipment, and loaded computer 

boards--are classified in Industry 423430, Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software 

Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of electrical construction materials, wiring supplies, electric light fixtures, 

light bulbs, and/or electrical power equipment for generation, transmission, distribution, or control of 

electric energy--are classified in Industry 423610, Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, 

and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers. 

4237 Hardware, and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

42371 Hardware Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423710 below. 

423710 Hardware Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of hardware, 

knives, or handtools. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Brads merchant wholesalers 

Knives (except disposable plastics) merchant wholesalers 

Cutlery merchant wholesalers 

Power handtools (e.g., drills, saws, sanders) merchant wholesalers 

Fasteners (e.g., bolts, nuts, rivets, screws) merchant wholesalers 

Staples merchant wholesalers 

Handtools (except motor vehicle, machinists' precision) merchant wholesalers 

Tacks merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of nails, noninsulated wire, and screening--are classified in Industry 

423510, Metal Service Centers and Other Metal Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of motor vehicle handtools and equipment--are classified in Industry 

423120, Motor Vehicle Supplies and New Parts Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of machinists' precision handtools--are classified in Industry 423830, 

Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of disposable plastics knives and eating utensils--are classified in Industry 

424130, Industrial and Personal Service Paper Merchant Wholesalers. 

42372 Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies (Hydronics) Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423720 below. 

423720 Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies (Hydronics) Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of plumbing 

equipment, hydronic heating equipment, household-type water heaters, and/or supplies. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Selling and installing plumbing, heating and air conditioning equipment--are classified in Industry 238220, 

Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of warm air heating and air-conditioning equipment--are classified in 

Industry 423730, Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; 

and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of household-type gas and electric appliances (except water heaters and 

heating stoves (i.e., noncooking)), room air-conditioners, clothes dryers, and/or household-type audio or 

video equipment--are classified in Industry 423620, Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and 

Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers. 

42373 Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423730 below. 

423730 Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of warm air 

heating and air-conditioning equipment and supplies. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Air pollution control equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 

Nonportable electric baseboard heaters merchant wholesalers 

Air-conditioning equipment (except room units) merchant wholesalers 

Warm air central heating equipment merchant wholesalers 

Automotive air-conditioners merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of household-type gas and electric appliances (except water heaters and 

heating stoves (i.e., noncooking)) and room air-conditioners--are classified in Industry 423620, Household 

Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of hydronic heating equipment--are classified in Industry 423720, 

Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies (Hydronics) Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Selling and installing warm air heating and air-conditioning equipment--are classified in Industry 238220, 

Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors. 

42374 Refrigeration Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423740 below. 

423740 Refrigeration Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of refrigeration 

equipment (except household-type refrigerators, freezers, and air-conditioners). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Cold storage machinery merchant wholesalers 

Refrigerated display cases merchant wholesalers 

Commercial refrigerators merchant wholesalers 

Water coolers merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Merchant wholesale distribution of household-type refrigerators, freezers, and room air-conditioners--are 

classified in Industry 423620, Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electronics 

Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of air-conditioning equipment (except room units)--are classified in 

Industry 423730, Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers. 

4238 Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of 

construction, mining, farm, garden, industrial, service establishment, and transportation machinery, equipment and 

supplies. 

42381 Construction and Mining (except Oil Well) Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423810 below. 

423810 Construction and Mining (except Oil Well) Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of specialized 

machinery, equipment, and related parts generally used in construction, mining (except oil well), and logging 

activities. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Excavating machinery and equipment merchant wholesalers 

Road construction and maintenance machinery merchant wholesalers 

Forestry machinery and equipment merchant wholesalers 

Scaffolding merchant wholesalers 

Mining cranes merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of oil well machinery and equipment are 

classified in Industry 423830, Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers. 

42382 Farm and Garden Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423820 below. 

423820 Farm and Garden Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of specialized 

machinery, equipment, and related parts generally used in agricultural, farm, and lawn and garden activities. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Animal feeders merchant wholesalers 

Milking machinery and equipment merchant wholesalers 

Harvesting machinery and equipment merchant wholesalers 

Planting machinery and equipment merchant wholesalers 

Lawnmowers merchant wholesalers 

42383 Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423830 below. 

423830 Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of specialized 

machinery, equipment, and related parts generally used in manufacturing, oil well, and warehousing activities. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Fluid power transmission equipment merchant wholesalers 

Metalworking machinery and equipment merchant wholesalers 

Food-processing machinery and equipment merchant wholesalers 

Oil well machinery and equipment merchant wholesalers 

Materials handling machinery and equipment merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of specialized machinery, equipment, and related parts generally used in 

construction, mining (except oil well), and logging activities--are classified in Industry 423810, 

Construction and Mining (except Oil Well) Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of supplies used in machinery and equipment generally used in 

manufacturing, oil well, and warehousing activities--are classified in Industry 423840, Industrial Supplies 

Merchant Wholesalers. 

42384 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423840 below. 

423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of supplies for 

machinery and equipment generally used in manufacturing, oil well, and warehousing activities. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Industrial containers merchant wholesalers 

Refractory materials (e.g., brick, blocks, shapes) merchant wholesalers 

Industrial diamonds merchant wholesalers 

Welding supplies (except welding gases) merchant wholesalers 

Printing inks merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of hydraulic and pneumatic (fluid power) pumps, motors, pistons, and 

valves--are classified in Industry 423830, Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of welding gases--are classified in Industry 424690, Other Chemical and 

Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers. 

42385 Service Establishment Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423850 below. 

423850 Service Establishment Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of specialized 

equipment and supplies of the type used by service establishments (except specialized equipment and supplies used 

in offices, stores, hotels, restaurants, schools, health and medical facilities, photographic facilities, and specialized 

equipment used in transportation and construction activities). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Amusement park equipment merchant wholesalers 
Janitorial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 

Beauty parlor equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 

Undertakers' equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 

Car wash equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 

Upholsterers' equipment and supplies (except fabrics) merchant wholesalers 

Drycleaning equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of janitorial and automotive chemicals--are classified in Industry 424690, 

Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of piece goods, fabrics, knitting yarns (except industrial), thread and other 

notions--are classified in Industry 424310, Piece Goods, Notions, and Other Dry Goods Merchant 

Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of industrial yarns--are classified in Industry 424990, Other Miscellaneous 

Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers. 

42386 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423860 below. 

423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of transportation 

equipment and supplies (except marine pleasure craft and motor vehicles). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Aircraft merchant wholesalers 

Railroad cars merchant wholesalers 

Motorized passenger golf carts merchant wholesalers 

Ships merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts--are classified in Industry Group 

4231, Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of marine pleasure craft--are classified in Industry 423910, Sporting and 

Recreational Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers. 

4239 Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of 

sporting, recreational, toy, hobby, and jewelry goods and supplies, and precious stones and metals. 

42391 Sporting and Recreational Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423910 below. 

423910 Sporting and Recreational Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of sporting 

goods and accessories; billiard and pool supplies; sporting firearms and ammunition; and/or marine pleasure craft, 

equipment, and supplies. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Merchant wholesale distribution of motor vehicles and trailers--are classified in Industry 423110, 

Automobile and Other Motor Vehicle Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of motorized passenger golf carts--are classified in Industry 423860, 

Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of athletic apparel and athletic footwear--are classified in Industry Group 

4243, Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers. 

42392 Toy and Hobby Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423920 below. 

423920 Toy and Hobby Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of games, toys, 

fireworks, playing cards, hobby goods and supplies, and/or related goods. 

42393 Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423930 below. 

423930 Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of automotive 

scrap, industrial scrap, and other recyclable materials. Included in this industry are auto wreckers primarily engaged 

in dismantling motor vehicles for the purpose of wholesaling scrap. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Dismantling motor vehicles for the purpose of selling used parts--are classified in Industry 423140, Motor 

Vehicle Parts (Used) Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Operating facilities where commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, 

and metals are sorted into distinct categories--are classified in Industry 562920, Materials Recovery 

Facilities. 

42394 Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423940 below. 

423940 Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of jewelry, 

precious and semiprecious stones, precious metals and metal flatware, costume jewelry, watches, clocks, silverware, 

and/or jewelers' findings. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of precious metal ores or concentrates--are classified in Industry 423520, 

Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of nonprecious flatware--are classified in Industry 423220, Home 

Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers. 

42399 Other Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 423990 below. 

423990 Other Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of durable goods 

(except motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies; furniture and home furnishings; lumber and other 
construction materials; professional and commercial equipment and supplies; metals and minerals (except 

petroleum); electrical goods; hardware, and plumbing and heating equipment and supplies; machinery, equipment 

and supplies; sporting and recreational goods and supplies; toy and hobby goods and supplies; recyclable materials; 

and jewelry, watches, precious stones and precious metals). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Musical instruments merchant wholesalers 

Prerecorded audio and video tapes and discs merchant wholesalers 

Phonograph records merchant wholesalers 

Prerecorded compact discs (CDs) and digital video discs (DVDs) merchant wholesalers 

Prerecorded audio and video cassettes merchant wholesalers 

Timber and timber products (except lumber) merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of automobiles and other motor vehicles, motor vehicle supplies, tires, and 

new and used parts--are classified in Industry Group 4231, Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and 

Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of furniture and home furnishings--are classified in Industry Group 4232, 

Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of lumber, plywood, millwork, wood panels, brick, stone, roofing, siding, 

and other nonelectrical construction materials--are classified in Industry Group 4233, Lumber and Other 

Construction Materials Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of photographic; office; computer and computer peripheral; medical, 

dental, hospital, ophthalmic; and other commercial and professional equipment and supplies--are classified 

in Industry Group 4234, Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of coal and other minerals and ores and semi-finished metal products--are 

classified in Industry Group 4235, Metal and Mineral (except Petroleum) Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of household appliances and electrical goods--are classified in Industry 

Group 4236, Household Appliances and Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of hardware; and plumbing, heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration 

equipment and supplies--are classified in Industry Group 4237, Hardware, and Plumbing and Heating 

Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of construction, mining, farm, garden, industrial, service establishment, 

and transportation machinery, equipment and supplies--are classified in Industry Group 4238, Machinery, 

Equipment, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of sporting goods and accessories; billiard and pool supplies; sporting 

firearms and ammunition; and/or marine pleasure craft, equipment, and supplies--are classified in Industry 

423910, Sporting and Recreational Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of toys, fireworks, playing cards, hobby goods and supplies and/or related 

goods--are classified in Industry 423920, Toy and Hobby Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of automotive, industrial, and other recyclable materials--are classified in 

Industry 423930, Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of jewelry, precious and semiprecious stones, precious metals and metal 

flatware, costume jewelry, watches, clocks, silverware, and/or jewelers' findings--are classified in Industry 

423940, Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers. 

424 Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods 

 Industries in the Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods subsector sell nondurable goods to other businesses. 

Nondurable goods are items generally with a normal life expectancy of less than three years. Nondurable goods 

merchant wholesale trade establishments are engaged in wholesaling products, such as paper and paper products, 

chemicals and chemical products, drugs, textiles and textile products, apparel, footwear, groceries, farm products, 
petroleum and petroleum products, alcoholic beverages, books, magazines, newspapers, flowers and nursery stock, 

and tobacco products. 

 The detailed industries within the subsector are organized in the classification structure based on the products sold. 

 Business to business electronic markets, agents, and brokers primarily engaged in wholesaling nondurable goods, 

generally on a commission or fee basis, are classified in Subsector 425, Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents 

and Brokers. 

4241 Paper and Paper Product Merchant Wholesalers 

42411 Printing and Writing Paper Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424110 below. 

424110 Printing and Writing Paper Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of bulk printing 

and/or writing paper generally on rolls for further processing. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bulk envelope paper merchant wholesalers 

Bulk paper (e.g., fine, printing, writing) merchant wholesalers 

Bulk groundwood paper merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of stationery are classified in Industry 

424120, Stationery and Office Supplies Merchant Wholesalers. 

42412 Stationery and Office Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424120 below. 

424120 Stationery and Office Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of stationery, 

office supplies, and/or gift wrap. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Computer paper supplies merchant wholesalers 

Photocopy supplies merchant wholesalers 

Envelope merchant wholesalers 

Social stationery merchant wholesalers 

File cards and folders merchant wholesalers 

Typewriter paper merchant wholesalers 

Greeting cards merchant wholesalers 

Writing pens merchant wholesalers 

Pencils merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of bulk printing and/or writing paper are 

classified in Industry 424110, Printing and Writing Paper Merchant Wholesalers. 

42413 Industrial and Personal Service Paper Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424130 below. 
424130 Industrial and Personal Service Paper Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of kraft 

wrapping and other coarse paper, paperboard, converted paper (except stationery and office supplies), and/or related 

disposable plastics products. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Disposable plastics eating utensils merchant wholesalers 

Paper napkins merchant wholesalers 

Paper and disposable plastics dishes merchant wholesalers 

Paperboard and disposable plastics boxes merchant wholesalers 

Paper and disposable plastics shipping supplies merchant wholesalers 

Plastics bags merchant wholesalers 

Paper bags merchant wholesalers 

Sanitary paper products merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of stationery, office supplies, and/or gift 

wrap are classified in Industry 424120, Stationery and Office Supplies Merchant Wholesalers. 

4242 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers 

42421 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424210 below. 

424210 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of biological and 

medical products; botanical drugs and herbs; and pharmaceutical products intended for internal and external 

consumption in such forms as ampoules, tablets, capsules, vials, ointments, powders, solutions, and suspensions. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Antibiotics merchant wholesalers 

Endocrine substances merchant wholesalers 

Blood derivatives merchant wholesalers 

In-vitro and in-vivo diagnostics merchant wholesalers 

Botanicals merchant wholesalers 

Vaccines merchant wholesalers 

Cosmetics merchant wholesalers 

Vitamins merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of surgical, dental, and hospital 

equipment are classified in Industry 423450, Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant 

Wholesalers. 

4243 Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers 

42431 Piece Goods, Notions, and Other Dry Goods Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424310 below. 

424310 Piece Goods, Notions, and Other Dry Goods Merchant Wholesalers 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of piece goods, 

fabrics, knitting yarns (except industrial), thread and other notions, and/or hair accessories. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged as converters who buy fabric goods in the grey, have them finished on a 

contract basis, and sell at wholesale are classified in Industry 313310, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills; 

and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in merchant wholesale distribution of industrial yarns are classified in 

Industry 424990, Other Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers. 

42432 Men's and Boys' Clothing and Furnishings Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424320 below. 

424320 Men's and Boys' Clothing and Furnishings Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of men's and/or 

boys' clothing and furnishings. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Men's and boys' hosiery merchant wholesalers 

Men's and boys' suits merchant wholesalers 

Men's and boys' nightwear merchant wholesalers 

Men's and boys' underwear merchant wholesalers 

Men's and boys' sportswear merchant wholesalers 

Men's and boys' work clothing merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of unisex clothing and men's fur clothing 

are classified in Industry 424330, Women's, Children's, and Infants' Clothing and Accessories Merchant 

Wholesalers. 

42433 Women's, Children's, and Infants' Clothing and Accessories Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424330 below. 

424330 Women's, Children's, and Infants' Clothing and Accessories Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of (1) women's, 

children's, infants', and/or unisex clothing and accessories and/or (2) fur clothing. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Dresses merchant wholesalers 

Millinery merchant wholesalers 

Fur clothing merchant wholesalers 

Women's, children's, and infants' hosiery merchant wholesalers 

Lingerie merchant wholesalers 

42434 Footwear Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424340 below. 

424340 Footwear Merchant Wholesalers 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of footwear 

(including athletic) of leather, rubber, and other materials. 

4244 Grocery and Related Product Merchant Wholesalers 

42441 General Line Grocery Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424410 below. 

424410 General Line Grocery Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of a general line 

(wide range) of groceries. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of a specialized line of groceries are 

classified elsewhere in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade, according to the product sold. 

42442 Packaged Frozen Food Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424420 below. 

424420 Packaged Frozen Food Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of packaged 

frozen foods (except dairy products). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Frozen bakery products merchant wholesalers 

Packaged frozen fish merchant wholesalers 

Frozen juices merchant wholesalers 

Packaged frozen meats merchant wholesalers 

Frozen vegetables merchant wholesalers 

Packaged frozen poultry merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of frozen dairy products are classified in 

Industry 424430, Dairy Product (except Dried or Canned) Merchant Wholesalers. 

42443 Dairy Product (except Dried or Canned) Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424430 below. 

424430 Dairy Product (except Dried or Canned) Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of dairy products 

(except dried or canned). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Butter merchant wholesalers 

Fluid milk (except canned) merchant wholesalers 

Cheese merchant wholesalers 

Ice cream and ices merchant wholesalers 

Cream merchant wholesalers 

Yogurt merchant wholesalers 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of dried or canned dairy products and dairy substitutes--are classified in 

Industry 424490, Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Pasteurizing and bottling milk--are classified in U.S. Industry 311511, Fluid Milk Manufacturing. 

42444 Poultry and Poultry Product Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424440 below. 

424440 Poultry and Poultry Product Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of poultry and/or 

poultry products (except canned and packaged frozen). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of packaged frozen poultry--are classified in Industry 424420, Packaged 

Frozen Food Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of canned poultry--are classified in Industry 424490, Other Grocery and 

Related Products Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Slaughtering and dressing poultry--are classified in U.S. Industry 311615, Poultry Processing. 

42445 Confectionery Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424450 below. 

424450 Confectionery Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of 

confectioneries; salted or roasted nuts; popcorn; potato, corn, and similar chips; and/or fountain fruits and syrups. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of frozen pretzels--are classified in Industry 424420, Packaged Frozen 

Food Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of pretzels (except frozen)--are classified in Industry 424490, Other 

Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers. 

42446 Fish and Seafood Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424460 below. 

424460 Fish and Seafood Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of fish and 

seafood (except canned or packaged frozen). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of packaged frozen fish and seafood--are classified in Industry 424420, 

Packaged Frozen Food Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of canned fish and seafood--are classified in Industry 424490, Other 

Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Canning, smoking, salting, drying, or freezing seafood and shucking and packing fresh shellfish--are 

classified in Industry 311710, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging. 
42447 Meat and Meat Product Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424470 below. 

424470 Meat and Meat Product Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of meats and 

meat products (except canned and packaged frozen) and/or lard. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of packaged frozen meats--are classified in Industry 424420, Packaged 

Frozen Food Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of canned meats--are classified in Industry 424490, Other Grocery and 

Related Products Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Preparing boxed beef--are classified in U.S. Industry 311612, Meat Processed from Carcasses. 

42448 Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424480 below. 

424480 Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of fresh fruits 

and vegetables. 

42449 Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424490 below. 

424490 Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of groceries and 

related products (except a general line of groceries; packaged frozen food; dairy products (except dried and canned); 

poultry products (except canned); confectioneries; fish and seafood (except canned); meat products (except canned); 

and fresh fruits and vegetables). Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in the bottling and 

merchant wholesale distribution of spring and mineral waters processed by others. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bakery products (except frozen) merchant wholesalers 

Canned seafood merchant wholesalers 

Canned fish merchant wholesalers 

Canned vegetables merchant wholesalers 

Canned fruits merchant wholesalers 

Dried milk merchant wholesalers 

Canned meats merchant wholesalers 

Soft drinks merchant wholesalers 

Canned milk merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of grains, field beans, livestock, and other farm product raw materials--are 

classified in Industry Group 4245, Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of beer, wine, and distilled alcoholic beverages--are classified in Industry 

Group 4248, Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Bottling soft drinks--are classified in Industry 31211, Soft Drink and Ice Manufacturing; 
 Merchant wholesale distribution of a general line of groceries--are classified in Industry 424410, General 

Line Grocery Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of packaged frozen foods (except dairy)--are classified in Industry 424420, 

Packaged Frozen Food Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of dairy products--are classified in Industry 424430, Dairy Product (except 

Dried or Canned) Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of poultry and poultry products (except canned and packaged frozen)--are 

classified in Industry 424440, Poultry and Poultry Product Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of confectioneries; salted or roasted nuts; popcorn; potato, corn, and 

similar chips; and/or fountain fruits and syrups--are classified in Industry 424450, Confectionery Merchant 

Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of fish and seafoods (except canned and packaged frozen)--are classified 

in Industry 424460, Fish and Seafood Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of meats (except canned and packaged frozen)--are classified in Industry 

424470, Meat and Meat Product Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of fresh fruits and vegetables--are classified in Industry 424480, Fresh 

Fruit and Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Purifying and bottling water--are classified in U.S. Industry 312112, Bottled Water Manufacturing; and 

 Roasting coffee--are classified in Industry 311920, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing. 

4245 Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of 

agricultural products (except raw milk, live poultry, and fresh fruits and vegetables), such as grains, field beans, 

livestock, and other farm product raw materials (excluding seeds). 

42451 Grain and Field Bean Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424510 below. 

424510 Grain and Field Bean Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of grains, such 

as corn, wheat, oats, barley, and unpolished rice; dry beans; and soybeans and other inedible beans. Included in this 

industry are establishments primarily engaged in operating country or terminal grain elevators primarily for the 

purpose of wholesaling. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of field and garden seeds--are classified in Industry 424910, Farm 

Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Operating grain elevators for storage only--are classified in Industry 493130, Farm Product Warehousing 

and Storage. 

42452 Livestock Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424520 below. 

424520 Livestock Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of livestock 

(except horses and mules). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Cattle merchant wholesalers 

Hogs merchant wholesalers 
Goats merchant wholesalers 

Sheep merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of horses and mules are classified in 

Industry 424590, Other Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers. 

42459 Other Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424590 below. 

424590 Other Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of farm products 

(except grain and field beans, livestock, raw milk, live poultry, and fresh fruits and vegetables). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Chicks merchant wholesalers 

Mules merchant wholesalers 

Hides merchant wholesalers 

Raw cotton merchant wholesalers 

Horses merchant wholesalers 

Raw pelts merchant wholesalers 

Leaf tobacco merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of raw milk--are classified in Industry 424430, Dairy Product (except 

Dried or Canned) Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of live poultry (except chicks)--are classified in Industry 424440, Poultry 

and Poultry Product Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of grain, dry beans, and soybeans and other inedible beans--are classified 

in Industry 424510, Grain and Field Bean Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of livestock (except horses and mules), such as cattle, hogs, sheep, and 

goats--are classified in Industry 424520, Livestock Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of fresh fruits and vegetables--are classified in Industry 424480, Fresh 

Fruit and Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers. 

4246 Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of 

chemicals, plastics materials and basic forms and shapes, and allied products. 

42461 Plastics Materials and Basic Forms and Shapes Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424610 below. 

424610 Plastics Materials and Basic Forms and Shapes Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of plastics 

materials and resins, and unsupported plastics film, sheet, sheeting, rod, tube, and other basic forms and shapes. 

42469 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424690 below. 

424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of chemicals and 

allied products (except agricultural and medicinal chemicals, paints and varnishes, fireworks, and plastics materials 

and basic forms and shapes). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Acids merchant wholesalers 

Industrial chemicals merchant wholesalers 

Automotive chemicals (except lubricating oils and greases) merchant wholesalers 

Industrial salts merchant wholesalers 

Dyestuffs merchant wholesalers 

Rosins merchant wholesalers 

Explosives (except ammunition and fireworks) merchant wholesalers 

Turpentine merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of ammunition--are classified in Industry Group 4239, Miscellaneous 

Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of biological and medical products; botanical drugs and herbs; and 

pharmaceutical products intended for internal and external consumption in such forms as ampoules, tablets, 

capsules, vials, ointments, powders, solutions, and suspensions--are classified in Industry 424210, Drugs 

and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of farm supplies, such as animal feeds, fertilizers, agricultural chemicals, 

pesticides, seeds and plant bulbs--are classified in Industry 424910, Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of paints, varnishes, and similar coatings, pigments, wallpaper, and 

supplies, such as paint brushes and rollers--are classified in Industry 424950, Paint, Varnish, and Supplies 

Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of lubricating oils and greases--are classified in Industry 424720, 

Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals); 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of fireworks--are classified in Industry 423920, Toy and Hobby Goods 

and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of plastics materials and resins, and unsupported plastics film, sheet, 

sheeting, rod, tube, and other basic forms and shapes--are classified in Industry 424610, Plastics Materials 

and Basic Forms and Shapes Merchant Wholesalers. 

4247 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers 

42471 Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals 

See industry description for 424710 below. 

424710 Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals 

 This industry comprises establishments with bulk liquid storage facilities primarily engaged in the merchant 

wholesale distribution of crude petroleum and petroleum products, including liquefied petroleum gas. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in bulk storage of petroleum are classified in Industry 493190, Other 

Warehousing and Storage. 

42472 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals) 

See industry description for 424720 below. 
424720 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals) 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of petroleum and 

petroleum products (except from bulk liquid storage facilities). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bottled liquid petroleum gas merchant wholesalers 

Gasoline merchant wholesalers (except bulk stations, terminals) 

Fuel oil merchant wholesalers (except bulk stations, terminals) 

Lubricating oil and grease merchant wholesalers (except bulk stations, terminals) 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of crude petroleum and petroleum 

products from bulk liquid storage facilities are classified in Industry 424710, Petroleum Bulk Stations and 

Terminals. 

4248 Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers 

42481 Beer and Ale Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424810 below. 

424810 Beer and Ale Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of beer, ale, 

porter, and other fermented malt beverages. 

42482 Wine and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424820 below. 

424820 Wine and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of wine, distilled 

alcoholic beverages, and/or neutral spirits and ethyl alcohol used in blended wines and distilled liquors. 

4249 Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of 

nondurable goods, such as farm supplies; books, periodicals and newspapers; flowers; nursery stock; paints; 

varnishes; tobacco and tobacco products; and other miscellaneous nondurable goods, such as cut Christmas trees and 

pet supplies. 

42491 Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424910 below. 

424910 Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of farm supplies, 

such as animal feeds, fertilizers, agricultural chemicals, pesticides, plant seeds, and plant bulbs. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of pet food--are classified in Industry 424490, Other Grocery and Related 

Products Merchant Wholesalers; 
 Merchant wholesale distribution of grains--are classified in Industry 424510, Grain and Field Bean 

Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of pet supplies--are classified in Industry 424990, Other Miscellaneous 

Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of nursery stock (except seeds and plant bulbs)--are classified in Industry 

424930, Flower, Nursery Stock, and Florists' Supplies Merchant Wholesalers. 

42492 Book, Periodical, and Newspaper Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424920 below. 

424920 Book, Periodical, and Newspaper Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of books, 

periodicals, and newspapers. 

42493 Flower, Nursery Stock, and Florists' Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424930 below. 

424930 Flower, Nursery Stock, and Florists' Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of flowers, 

florists' supplies, and/or nursery stock (except plant seeds and plant bulbs). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of cut Christmas trees--are classified in Industry 424990, Other 

Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of plant seeds and plant bulbs--are classified in Industry 424910, Farm 

Supplies Merchant Wholesalers. 

42494 Tobacco and Tobacco Product Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424940 below. 

424940 Tobacco and Tobacco Product Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of tobacco 

products, such as cigarettes, snuff, cigars, and pipe tobacco. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of leaf tobacco are classified in Industry 

424590, Other Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers. 

42495 Paint, Varnish, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424950 below. 

424950 Paint, Varnish, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of paints, 

varnishes, and similar coatings; pigments; wallpaper; and supplies, such as paint brushes and rollers. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of artists' paints are classified in Industry 

424990, Other Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers. 
42499 Other Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers 

See industry description for 424990 below. 

424990 Other Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of nondurable 

goods (except printing and writing paper; stationery and office supplies; industrial and personal service paper; drugs 

and druggists' sundries; apparel, piece goods, and notions; grocery and related products; farm product raw materials; 

chemical and allied products; petroleum and petroleum products; beer, wine, and distilled alcoholic beverages; farm 

supplies; books, periodicals and newspapers; flower, nursery stock and florists' supplies; tobacco and tobacco 

products; and paint, varnishes, wallpaper, and supplies). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Artists' supplies merchant wholesalers 

Pet supplies (except pet food) merchant wholesalers 

Burlap merchant wholesalers 

Statuary goods (except religious) merchant wholesalers 

Christmas trees merchant wholesalers 

Textile bags merchant wholesalers 

Industrial yarn merchant wholesalers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Distribution of advertising specialties--are classified in Industry 541890, Other Services Related to 

Advertising; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of farm supplies--are classified in Industry 424910, Farm Supplies 

Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of books, periodicals, and newspapers--are classified in Industry 424920, 

Book, Periodical, and Newspaper Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of flowers, nursery stock, and florists' supplies--are classified in Industry 

424930, Flower, Nursery Stock, and Florists' Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of tobacco and its products--are classified in Industry 424940, Tobacco 

and Tobacco Product Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of paints, varnishes, and similar coatings; pigments; wallpaper; and 

supplies--are classified in Industry 424950, Paint, Varnish, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of bulk printing and/or writing paper--are classified in Industry 424110, 

Printing and Writing Paper Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of stationery, office supplies, and/or gift wrap--are classified in Industry 

424120, Stationery and Office Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of wrapping and other coarse paper, paperboard, converted paper (except 

stationery and office supplies), and related disposable plastics products--are classified in Industry 424130, 

Industrial and Personal Service Paper Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of biological and medical products; botanical drugs and herbs; and 

pharmaceutical products intended for internal and external consumption--are classified in Industry 424210, 

Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of clothing and accessories, footwear, piece goods, yard goods, notions, 

and/or hair accessories--are classified in Industry Group 4243, Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions 

Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of meat, poultry, seafood, confectioneries, fruits and vegetables; and other 

groceries and related products--are classified in Industry Group 4244, Grocery and Related Product 

Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of grains, field beans, livestock, and other farm product raw materials--are 

classified in Industry Group 4245, Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers; 
 Merchant wholesale distribution of chemicals; plastics materials and basic forms and shapes; and allied 

products--are classified in Industry Group 4246, Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of petroleum and petroleum products--are classified in Industry Group 

4247, Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of beer, ale, wine, and distilled alcoholic beverages--are classified in 

Industry Group 4248, Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of pet foods--are classified in Industry 424490, Other Grocery and Related 

Products Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of religious statuary--are classified in Industry 423990, Other 

Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of knitting yarns (except industrial)--are classified in Industry 424310, 

Piece Goods, Notions, and Other Dry Goods Merchant Wholesalers. 

425 Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers 

 Industries in the Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers subsector arrange for the sale of goods 

owned by others, generally on a fee or commission basis. They act on behalf of the buyers and sellers of goods. 

This subsector contains agents and brokers as well as business to business electronic markets that facilitate 

wholesale trade. 

4251 Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers 

42511 Business to Business Electronic Markets 

See industry description for 425110 below. 

425110 Business to Business Electronic Markets 

 This industry comprises business-to-business electronic markets bringing together buyers and sellers of goods 

using the Internet or other electronic means and generally receiving a commission or fee for the service. Businessto-business electronic markets for durable and nondurable goods are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in bringing together buyers and sellers of goods using the Internet in a 

business-to-consumer or consumer-to-consumer environment are classified in Industry 45411, Electronic Shopping 

and Mail-Order Houses. 

42512 Wholesale Trade Agents and Brokers 

See industry description for 425120 below. 

425120 Wholesale Trade Agents and Brokers 

 This industry comprises wholesale trade agents and brokers acting on behalf of buyers or sellers in the wholesale 

distribution of goods. Agents and brokers do not take title to the goods being sold but rather receive a commission 

or fee for their service. Agents and brokers for all durable and nondurable goods are included in this industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Independent sales representatives 

Manufacturers' sales representatives 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments acting in the capacity of agents or brokers that operate using the Internet or other electronic means 

instead of a sales force are classified in Industry 425110, Business to Business Electronic Markets. 
 
Sector 44-45--Retail TradeT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Retail Trade sector comprises establishments engaged in retailing merchandise, generally without 

transformation, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. 

 The retailing process is the final step in the distribution of merchandise; retailers are, therefore, organized to sell 

merchandise in small quantities to the general public. This sector comprises two main types of retailers: store and 

nonstore retailers. 

1. Store retailers operate fixed point-of-sale locations, located and designed to attract a high volume of walk-in 

customers. In general, retail stores have extensive displays of merchandise and use mass-media advertising to 

attract customers. They typically sell merchandise to the general public for personal or household consumption, but 

some also serve business and institutional clients. These include establishments, such as office supply stores, 

computer and software stores, building materials dealers, plumbing supply stores, and electrical supply stores. 

Catalog showrooms, gasoline stations, automotive dealers, and mobile home dealers are treated as store retailers. 

 In addition to retailing merchandise, some types of store retailers are also engaged in the provision of after-sales 

services, such as repair and installation. For example, new automobile dealers, electronics and appliance stores, and 

musical instrument and supplies stores often provide repair services. As a general rule, establishments engaged in 

retailing merchandise and providing after-sales services are classified in this sector. 

 The first eleven subsectors of retail trade are store retailers. The establishments are grouped into industries and 

industry groups typically based on one or more of the following criteria: 

 (a) The merchandise line or lines carried by the store; for example, specialty stores are distinguished from generalline stores. 

 (b) The usual trade designation of the establishments. This criterion applies in cases where a store type is well 

recognized by the industry and the public, but difficult to define strictly in terms of merchandise lines carried; for 

example, pharmacies, hardware stores, and department stores. 

 (c) Capital requirements in terms of display equipment; for example, food stores have equipment requirements not 

found in other retail industries. 

 (d) Human resource requirements in terms of expertise; for example, the staff of an automobile dealer requires 

knowledge in financing, registering, and licensing issues that are not necessary in other retail industries. 

2. Nonstore retailers, like store retailers, are organized to serve the general public, but their retailing methods 

differ. The establishments of this subsector reach customers and market merchandise with methods, such as the 

broadcasting of "infomercials," the broadcasting and publishing of direct-response advertising, the publishing of 

paper and electronic catalogs, door-to-door solicitation, in-home demonstration, selling from portable stalls (street 

vendors, except food), and distribution through vending machines. Establishments engaged in the direct sale 

(nonstore) of products, such as home heating oil dealers and home delivery newspaper routes are included here. 

 The buying of goods for resale is a characteristic of retail trade establishments that particularly distinguishes them 

from establishments in the agriculture, manufacturing, and construction industries. For example, farms that sell their 

products at or from the point of production are not classified in retail, but rather in agriculture. Similarly, 

establishments that both manufacture and sell their products to the general public are not classified in retail, but 

rather in manufacturing. However, establishments that engage in processing activities incidental to retailing are 

classified in retail. This includes establishments, such as optical goods stores that do in-store grinding of lenses, and 

meat and seafood markets. 

 Wholesalers also engage in the buying of goods for resale, but they are not usually organized to serve the general 

public. They typically operate from a warehouse or office and neither the design nor the location of these premises 

is intended to solicit a high volume of walk-in traffic. Wholesalers supply institutional, industrial, wholesale, and 

retail clients; their operations are, therefore, generally organized to purchase, sell, and deliver merchandise in larger 

quantities. However, dealers of durable nonconsumer goods, such as farm machinery and heavy-duty trucks, are 

included in wholesale trade even if they often sell these products in single units. 
441 Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers 

 Industries in the Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers subsector retail motor vehicles and parts from fixed point-of-sale 

locations. Establishments in this subsector typically operate from a showroom and/or an open lot where the vehicles 

are on display. The display of vehicles and the related parts require little by way of display equipment. The 

personnel generally include both the sales and sales support staff familiar with the requirements for registering and 

financing a vehicle as well as a staff of parts experts and mechanics trained to provide repair and maintenance 

services for the vehicles. Specific industries have been included in this subsector to identify the type of vehicle 

being retailed. 

 Sales of capital or durable nonconsumer goods, such as medium- and heavy-duty trucks, are always included in 

wholesale trade. These goods are virtually never sold through retail methods. 

4411 Automobile Dealers 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new and used automobiles and light 

trucks, such as sport utility vehicles, and passenger and cargo vans. 

44111 New Car Dealers 

See industry description for 441110 below. 

441110 New Car Dealers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new automobiles and light trucks, such as 

sport utility vehicles, and passenger and cargo vans, or retailing these new vehicles in combination with activities, 

such as repair services, retailing used cars, and selling replacement parts and accessories. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automobile dealers, new only, or new and used 

Light utility truck dealers, new only, or new and used 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing used automobiles and light trucks without retailing new automobiles and light trucks--are 

classified in Industry 441120, Used Car Dealers; 

 Providing automotive repair services without retailing new automotive vehicles--are classified in Industry 

Group 8111, Automotive Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of new medium- and heavy-duty trucks, buses, and other motor vehicles--

are classified in Industry 423110, Automobile and Other Motor Vehicle Merchant Wholesalers. 

44112 Used Car Dealers 

See industry description for 441120 below. 

441120 Used Car Dealers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing used automobiles and light trucks, such as 

sport utility vehicles, and passenger and cargo vans. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Antique auto dealers 

Light truck dealers, used only 

Automobile dealers, used only 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Retailing new automobiles and light trucks--are classified in Industry 441110, New Car Dealers; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of used medium- and heavy-duty trucks, buses, and other motor vehicles--

are classified in Industry 423110, Automobile and Other Motor Vehicle Merchant Wholesalers. 

4412 Other Motor Vehicle Dealers 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new and used vehicles (except 

automobiles, light trucks, such as sport utility vehicles, and passenger and cargo vans). 

44121 Recreational Vehicle Dealers 

See industry description for 441210 below. 

441210 Recreational Vehicle Dealers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new and/or used recreational vehicles 

commonly referred to as RVs or retailing these new vehicles in combination with activities, such as repair services 

and selling replacement parts and accessories. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Motor home dealers 

Recreational vehicle (RV) parts and accessories stores 

Recreational vehicle (RV) dealers 

Travel trailer dealers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing new or used boat trailers and utility trailers--are classified in Industry 44122, Motorcycle, Boat, 

and Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; and 

 Retailing manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes), parts, and equipment--are classified in Industry 

453930, Manufactured (Mobile) Home Dealers. 

44122 Motorcycle, Boat, and Other Motor Vehicle Dealers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new and used motorcycles, boats, and other 

vehicles (except automobiles, light trucks, and recreational vehicles), or retailing these new vehicles in combination 

with activities, such as repair services and selling replacement parts and accessories. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Aircraft dealers 

Motorcycle dealers 

All-terrain vehicle (ATV) dealers 

Utility trailer dealers 

Boat dealers, new and used 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing new nonmotorized bicycles, surfboards, or wind sail boards--are classified in Industry 45111, 

Sporting Goods Stores; 

 Retailing used nonmotorized bicycles, surfboards, or wind sail boards--are classified in Industry 45331, 

Used Merchandise Stores; 

 Retailing new or used automobiles and light trucks--are classified in Industry Group 4411, Automobile 

Dealers; 
 Retailing new or used recreational vehicles, such as travel trailers--are classified in Industry 44121, 

Recreational Vehicle Dealers; 

 Providing repair services for vehicles without retailing new vehicles--are classified in the appropriate 

industry for the repair services; and 

 Retailing fuel and marine supplies at a marina--are classified in Industry 71393, Marinas. 

441222 Boat Dealers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) retailing new and/or used boats or retailing 

new boats in combination with activities, such as repair services and selling replacement parts and accessories, 

and/or (2) retailing new and/or used outboard motors, boat trailers, marine supplies, parts, and accessories. 

Illustrative Examples:

Boat dealers (e.g., powerboats, rowboats, sailboats) 

Outboard motor dealers 

Marine supply dealers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing new surfboards or wind sail boards--are classified in Industry 451110, Sporting Goods Stores; 

 Retailing used surfboards or wind sail boards--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores; 

 Providing boat repair services without retailing new boats--are classified in Industry 811490, Other 

Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance; 

 Retailing new or used personal watercraft--are classified in U.S. Industry 441228, Motorcycle, ATV, and 

All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; and 

 Operating docking and/or storage facilities for pleasure craft owners--are classified in Industry 713930, 

Marinas. 

441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new and/or used motorcycles, motor 

scooters, motorbikes, mopeds, off-road all-terrain vehicles, personal watercraft, utility trailers, and other motor 

vehicles (except automobiles, light trucks, recreational vehicles, and boats) or retailing these new vehicles in 

combination with activities such as repair services and selling replacement parts and accessories. 

Illustrative Examples:

All-terrain vehicle (ATV) dealers 

Motorcycle dealers 

Moped dealers 

Motorcycle parts and accessories dealers 

Personal watercraft dealers 

Aircraft dealers 

Snowmobile dealers 

Powered golf cart dealers 

Utility trailer dealers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing new automobiles and light trucks--are classified in Industry 441110, New Car Dealers; 

 Retailing used automobiles and light trucks--are classified in Industry 441120, Used Car Dealers; 

 Retailing new or used recreational vehicles, such as travel trailers--are classified in Industry 441210, 

Recreational Vehicle Dealers; 
 Retailing new or used boats, outboard motors, boat trailers, and marine supplies--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 441222, Boat Dealers; 

 Retailing new nonmotorized bicycles--are classified in Industry 451110, Sporting Goods Stores; 

 Retailing used nonmotorized bicycles--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores; and 

 Providing vehicle repair services without retailing new vehicles--are classified in the appropriate industry 

for the repair services. 

4413 Automotive Parts, Accessories, and Tire Stores 

44131 Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores 

See industry description for 441310 below. 

441310 Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores 

 This industry comprises one or more of the following: (1) establishments known as automotive supply stores 

primarily engaged in retailing new, used, and/or rebuilt automotive parts and accessories; (2) automotive supply 

stores that are primarily engaged in both retailing automotive parts and accessories and repairing automobiles; and 

(3) establishments primarily engaged in retailing and installing automotive accessories. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automotive parts and supply stores 

Truck cap stores 

Automotive stereo stores 

Used automotive parts stores 

Speed shops 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing automotive parts and accessories via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are 

classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing new or used tires--are classified in Industry 441320, Tire Dealers; and 

 Repairing and replacing automotive parts, such as transmissions, mufflers, and brake linings (except 

establishments known as automotive supply stores)--are classified in Industry 81111, Automotive 

Mechanical and Electrical Repair and Maintenance. 

44132 Tire Dealers 

See industry description for 441320 below. 

441320 Tire Dealers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new and/or used tires and tubes or retailing 

new tires in combination with automotive repair services. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing tires via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, 

Nonstore Retailers; 

 Tire retreading or recapping--are classified in U.S. Industry 326212, Tire Retreading; and 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of new/used tires for medium- and heavy-duty trucks, buses, and other 

motor vehicles--are classified in Industry 423130, Tire and Tube Merchant Wholesalers. 

442 Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores 
 Industries in the Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores subsector retail new furniture and home furnishings from 

fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector usually operate from showrooms and have substantial 

areas for the presentation of their products. Many offer interior decorating services in addition to the sale of 

products. 

4421 Furniture Stores 

44211 Furniture Stores 

See industry description for 442110 below. 

442110 Furniture Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new furniture, such as household furniture 

(e.g., baby furniture, box springs, and mattresses) and outdoor furniture; office furniture (except those sold in 

combination with office supplies and equipment); and/or furniture sold in combination with major appliances, home 

electronics, home furnishings, or floor coverings. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing furniture via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, 

Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing used furniture--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores; 

 Retailing custom furniture made on premises--are classified in Subsector 337, Furniture and Related 

Product Manufacturing; and 

 Retailing new office furniture and a range of new office equipment and supplies--are classified in Industry 

453210, Office Supplies and Stationery Stores. 

4422 Home Furnishings Stores 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new home furnishings (except 

furniture). 

44221 Floor Covering Stores 

See industry description for 442210 below. 

442210 Floor Covering Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new floor coverings, such as rugs and 

carpets, vinyl floor coverings, and floor tile (except ceramic or wood only); or retailing new floor coverings in 

combination with installation and repair services. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing floor coverings via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Installing floor coverings without retailing new floor coverings--are classified in Industry 238330, Flooring 

Contractors; 

 Retailing ceramic floor tile or wood floor coverings only--are classified in Industry 444190, Other Building 

Material Dealers; and 

 Retailing used rugs and carpets--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores. 

44229 Other Home Furnishings Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new home furnishings (except furniture and 

floor coverings). 
Illustrative Examples: 

Bath shops 

Kitchenware stores 

Chinaware stores 

Window treatment stores 

Glassware stores 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing home furnishings via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing custom curtains and draperies made on premises--are classified in Industry 31412, Curtain and 

Linen Mills; 

 Retailing new mirrored glass, lighting fixtures, and new ceramic floor tile or wood floor coverings only--

are classified in Industry 44419, Other Building Material Dealers; 

 Retailing new furniture--are classified in Industry 44211, Furniture Stores; 

 Retailing new floor coverings (except ceramic or wood only)--are classified in Industry 44221, Floor 

Covering Stores; and 

 Retailing used home furnishings--are classified in Industry 45331, Used Merchandise Stores. 

442291 Window Treatment Stores 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new window treatments, such as 

curtains, drapes, blinds, and shades. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing window treatments via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; and 

 Retailing custom curtains and draperies made on premises--are classified in Industry 314120, Curtain and 

Linen Mills. 

442299 All Other Home Furnishings Stores 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new home furnishings (except floor 

coverings, furniture, and window treatments). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bath shops 

Kitchenware stores 

Chinaware stores 

Linen stores 

Electric lamp shops 

Picture frame stores 

Glassware stores 

Wood-burning stove stores 

Houseware stores 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing home furnishings via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 
 Retailing new mirrored glass or lighting fixtures--are classified in Industry 444190, Other Building 

Material Dealers; 

 Retailing new furniture--are classified in Industry 442110, Furniture Stores; 

 Retailing new floor coverings--are classified in Industry 442210, Floor Covering Stores; 

 Retailing new window treatments--are classified in U.S. Industry 442291, Window Treatment Stores; and 

 Retailing used home furnishings--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores. 

443 Electronics and Appliance Stores 

 Industries in the Electronics and Appliance Stores subsector retail new electronics and appliances from point-ofsale locations. Establishments in this subsector often operate from locations that have special provisions for floor 

displays requiring special electrical capacity to accommodate the proper demonstration of the products. The staff 

includes sales personnel knowledgeable in the characteristics and warranties of the line of goods retailed and may 

also include trained repair persons to handle the maintenance and repair of the electronic equipment and appliances. 

The classifications within this subsector are made principally on the type of product and knowledge required to 

operate each type of store. 

4431 Electronics and Appliance Stores 

44314 Electronics and Appliance Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) retailing an array of new 

household-type appliances and consumer-type electronic products, such as televisions, computers, and cameras; (2) 

specializing in retailing a single line of new consumer-type electronic products; (3) retailing these new products in 

combination with repair and support services; (4) retailing new prepackaged computer software; and/or (5) retailing 

prerecorded audio and video media, such as CDs, DVDs, and tapes. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Appliance stores, household-type 

Consumer-type electronic stores (e.g., televisions, computers, cameras) 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing new appliance and electronic products via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--

are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing new computers, computer peripherals, and prepackaged software in combination with retailing 

new office equipment, office furniture, and office supplies--are classified in Industry 45321, Office 

Supplies and Stationery Stores; 

 Retailing new sewing machines in combination with selling new sewing supplies, fabrics, patterns, yarns, 

and other needlework accessories--are classified in Industry 45113, Sewing, Needlework, and Piece Goods 

Stores; 

 Retailing new electronic toys, such as dedicated game consoles and handheld electronic games--are 

classified in Industry 45112, Hobby, Toy, and Game Stores; 

 Providing television or other electronic equipment repair services without retailing new televisions or 

electronic equipment--are classified in Industry 81121, Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and 

Maintenance; 

 Providing household-type appliance repair services without retailing new appliances--are classified in 

Industry 81141, Home and Garden Equipment and Appliance Repair and Maintenance; 

 Developing film and/or making photographic slides, prints, and enlargements without retailing a range of 

new photographic equipment and supplies--are classified in Industry 81292, Photofinishing; 

 Retailing used appliance and electronic products--are classified in Industry 45331, Used Merchandise 

Stores; and 

 Retailing automotive electronic sound systems--are classified in Industry 44131, Automotive Parts and 

Accessories Stores. 
443141 Household Appliance Stores

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as appliance stores primarily engaged in retailing an array of 

new household appliances, such as refrigerators, dishwashers, ovens, irons, coffeemakers, hair dryers, electric 

razors, room air-conditioners, microwave ovens, sewing machines, and vacuum cleaners, or retailing new appliances 

in combination with appliance repair services. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing household appliances via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing new sewing machines in combination with selling new sewing supplies, fabrics, patterns, yarns, 

and other needlework accessories--are classified in Industry 451130, Sewing, Needlework, and Piece 

Goods Stores; 

 Providing household-type appliance repair services without retailing new appliances--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 811412, Appliance Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Retailing used appliances--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores. 

443142 Electronics Stores 

 This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments known as consumer electronics stores primarily engaged in 

retailing a general line of new consumer-type electronic products such as televisions, computers, and cameras; (2) 

establishments specializing in retailing a single line of consumer-type electronic products; (3) establishments 

primarily engaged in retailing these new electronic products in combination with repair and support services; (4) 

establishments primarily engaged in retailing new prepackaged computer software; and/or (5) establishments 

primarily engaged in retailing prerecorded audio and video media, such as CDs, DVDs, and tapes. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Consumer-type electronic stores (e.g., televisions, computers, cameras) 

Stereo stores (except automotive) 

Radio and television stores 

Computer stores 

Camera shops, photographic 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing electronic goods via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing automotive electronic sound systems--are classified in Industry 441310, Automotive Parts and 

Accessories Stores; 

 Retailing new computers, computer peripherals, and prepackaged software in combination with retailing 

new office equipment, office furniture, and office supplies--are classified in Industry 453210, Office 

Supplies and Stationery Stores; 

 Providing television or other electronic equipment repair services without retailing new televisions or 

electronic products--are classified in Industry 81121, Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and 

Maintenance; 

 Developing film and/or making photographic slides, prints, and enlargements without retailing a range of 

new photographic equipment and supplies--are classified in Industry 81292, Photofinishing; 

 Retailing new electronic toys, such as dedicated video game consoles and handheld electronic games--are 

classified in Industry 451120, Hobby, Toy, and Game Stores; and 

 Retailing used electronics--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores. 

444 Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers 
 Industries in the Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers subsector retail new building 

material and garden equipment and supplies from fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector 

have display equipment designed to handle lumber and related products and garden equipment and supplies that may 

be kept either indoors or outdoors under covered areas. The staff is usually knowledgeable in the use of the specific 

products being retailed in the construction, repair, and maintenance of the home and associated grounds. 

4441 Building Material and Supplies Dealers 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new building materials and supplies. 

44411 Home Centers 

See industry description for 444110 below. 

444110 Home Centers 

 This industry comprises establishments known as home centers primarily engaged in retailing a general line of 

new home repair and improvement materials and supplies, such as lumber, plumbing goods, electrical goods, tools, 

housewares, hardware, and lawn and garden supplies, with no one merchandise line predominating. The 

merchandise lines are normally arranged in separate departments. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of new hardware items, such as tools and builders' 

hardware are classified in Industry 444130, Hardware Stores. 

44412 Paint and Wallpaper Stores 

See industry description for 444120 below. 

444120 Paint and Wallpaper Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments known as paint and wallpaper stores primarily engaged in retailing paint, 

wallpaper, and related supplies. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in retailing automotive paints are classified in Industry 441310, Automotive 

Parts and Accessories Stores. 

44413 Hardware Stores 

See industry description for 444130 below. 

444130 Hardware Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments known as hardware stores primarily engaged in retailing a general line of 

new hardware items, such as tools and builders' hardware. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing hardware items via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing a general line of home repair and improvement materials and supplies, known as home centers--

are classified in Industry 444110, Home Centers; and 

 Retailing used hardware items--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores. 

44419 Other Building Material Dealers 
See industry description for 444190 below. 

444190 Other Building Material Dealers 

 This industry comprises establishments (except those known as home centers, paint and wallpaper stores, and 

hardware stores) primarily engaged in retailing specialized lines of new building materials, such as lumber, fencing, 

glass, doors, plumbing fixtures and supplies, electrical supplies, prefabricated buildings and kits, and kitchen and 

bath cabinets and countertops to be installed. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Electrical supply stores 

Kitchen cabinet (except custom) stores 

Fencing dealers 

Lumber yards, retail 

Floor covering stores, wood or ceramic tile only 

Plumbing supply stores 

Garage door dealers 

Prefabricated building dealers 

Glass stores 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing building materials via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing used building materials--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores; 

 Providing carpentry/installation services for products--are classified in Industry 238350, Finish Carpentry 

Contractors; 

 Installing plumbing fixtures and supplies--are classified in Industry 238220, Plumbing, Heating, and AirConditioning Contractors; 

 Installing electrical supplies, such as lighting fixtures and ceiling fans--are classified in Industry 238210, 

Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; 

 Making custom furniture (e.g., kitchen cabinets)--are classified in Subsector 337, Furniture and Related 

Product Manufacturing; 

 Retailing a general line of new hardware items, known as hardware stores--are classified in Industry 

444130, Hardware Stores; 

 Retailing paint and wallpaper, known as paint and wallpaper stores--are classified in Industry 444120, Paint 

and Wallpaper Stores; and 

 Retailing a general line of home repair and improvement materials and supplies, known as home centers--

are classified in Industry 444110, Home Centers. 

4442 Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies Stores 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new lawn and garden equipment and 

supplies. 

44421 Outdoor Power Equipment Stores 

See industry description for 444210 below. 

444210 Outdoor Power Equipment Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new outdoor power equipment or retailing 

new outdoor power equipment in combination with activities, such as repair services and selling replacement parts. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Retailing outdoor power equipment via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified 

in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Providing outdoor power equipment repair services without retailing new outdoor power equipment--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 811411, Home and Garden Equipment Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Retailing used outdoor power equipment--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores. 

44422 Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores 

See industry description for 444220 below. 

444220 Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing nursery and garden products, such as trees, 

shrubs, plants, seeds, bulbs, and sod, that are predominantly grown elsewhere. These establishments may sell a 

limited amount of a product they grow themselves. Also included in this industry are establishments primarily 

engaged in retailing farm supplies, such as animal (non-pet) feed. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing nursery and garden products via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are 

classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Providing landscaping services--are classified in Industry 561730, Landscaping Services; and 

 Growing and retailing nursery stock--are classified in U.S. Industry 111421, Nursery and Tree Production. 

445 Food and Beverage Stores 

 Industries in the Food and Beverage Stores subsector usually retail food and beverage merchandise from fixed 

point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector have special equipment (e.g., freezers, refrigerated display 

cases, refrigerators) for displaying food and beverage goods. They have staff trained in the processing of food 

products to guarantee the proper storage and sanitary conditions required by regulatory authority. 

4451 Grocery Stores 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of food products. 

44511 Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores 

See industry description for 445110 below. 

445110 Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments generally known as supermarkets and grocery stores primarily engaged in 

retailing a general line of food, such as canned and frozen foods; fresh fruits and vegetables; and fresh and prepared 

meats, fish, and poultry. Included in this industry are delicatessen-type establishments primarily engaged in 

retailing a general line of food. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing automotive fuels in combination with a convenience store or food mart--are classified in Industry 

447110, Gasoline Stations with Convenience Stores; 

 Retailing a limited line of goods, known as convenience stores or food marts (except those with fuel 

pumps)--are classified in Industry 445120, Convenience Stores; 

 Retailing frozen food and freezer meal plans via direct sales to residential customers--are classified in 

Industry 454390, Other Direct Selling Establishments; 

 Providing food services in delicatessen-type establishments--are classified in U.S. Industry 722513, 

Limited-Service Restaurants; and 
 Retailing fresh meat in delicatessen-type establishments--are classified in Industry 445210, Meat Markets. 

44512 Convenience Stores 

See industry description for 445120 below. 

445120 Convenience Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments known as convenience stores or food marts (except those with fuel pumps) 

primarily engaged in retailing a limited line of goods that generally includes milk, bread, soda, and snacks. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing a general line of food, known as supermarkets and grocery stores--are classified in Industry 

445110, Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores; and 

 Retailing automotive fuels in combination with a convenience store or food mart--are classified in Industry 

447110, Gasoline Stations with Convenience Stores. 

4452 Specialty Food Stores 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing specialized lines of food. 

44521 Meat Markets 

See industry description for 445210 below. 

445210 Meat Markets 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing fresh, frozen, or cured meats and poultry. 

Delicatessen-type establishments primarily engaged in retailing fresh meat are included in this industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Baked ham stores 

Meat markets 

Butcher shops 

Poultry dealers 

Frozen meat shops 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing meat and poultry via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing a general line of food, known as supermarkets and grocery stores--are classified in Industry 

445110, Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores; and 

 Providing food services in delicatessen-type establishments--are classified in U.S. Industry 722513, 

Limited-Service Restaurants. 

44522 Fish and Seafood Markets 

See industry description for 445220 below. 

445220 Fish and Seafood Markets 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing fresh, frozen, or cured fish and seafood 

products. 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments primarily engaged in retailing fish and seafood products via electronic home shopping, mail-order, 

or direct sale are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers. 

44523 Fruit and Vegetable Markets 

See industry description for 445230 below. 

445230 Fruit and Vegetable Markets 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing fresh fruits and vegetables. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing fruits and vegetables via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; and 

 Growing and selling vegetables and/or fruits at roadside stands--are classified in Subsector 111, Crop 

Production. 

44529 Other Specialty Food Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing specialty foods (except meat, fish, seafood, 

and fruits and vegetables) not for immediate consumption and not made on the premises. 

Illustrative Examples:

Baked goods stores (except immediate consumption) 

Dairy product stores 

Coffee and tea (i.e., packaged) stores 

Gourmet food stores 

Confectionery (i.e., packaged) stores 

Nut (i.e., packaged) stores 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing specialty foods via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing baked goods made on the premises, but not for immediate consumption--are classified in Industry 

31181, Bread and Bakery Product Manufacturing; 

 Retailing fresh, frozen, or cured meats and poultry--are classified in Industry 44521, Meat Markets; 

 Retailing fresh, frozen, or cured fish and seafood products--are classified in Industry 44522, Fish and 

Seafood Markets; 

 Retailing fresh fruits and vegetables--are classified in Industry 44523, Fruit and Vegetable Markets; 

 Retailing candy and confectionery products not for immediate consumption and made on premises--are 

classified in Industry Group 3113, Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing; and 

 Selling snack foods (e.g., doughnuts, bagels, ice cream, popcorn) for immediate consumption--are 

classified in Industry 72251, Restaurants and Other Eating Places. 

445291 Baked Goods Stores 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing baked goods not for immediate 

consumption and not made on the premises. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Retailing baked goods via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 

454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Selling snack foods (e.g., doughnuts, bagels, ice cream, popcorn) for immediate consumption--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; and 

 Retailing baked goods made on the premises but not for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 311811, Retail Bakeries. 

445292 Confectionery and Nut Stores 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing candy and other confections, nuts, and 

popcorn not for immediate consumption and not made on the premises. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing confectionery goods and nuts via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are 

classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing confectionery goods and nuts made on premises and not packaged for immediate consumption--

are classified in Industry Group 3113, Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing; 

 Selling snack foods (e.g., doughnuts, bagels, ice cream, popcorn) for immediate consumption--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; and 

 Retailing baked goods made on the premises but not for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 311811, Retail Bakeries. 

445299 All Other Specialty Food Stores 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing miscellaneous specialty foods (except 

meat, fish, seafood, fruit and vegetables, confections, nuts, popcorn, and baked goods) not for immediate 

consumption and not made on the premises. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Coffee and tea (i.e., packaged) stores 

Soft drink (i.e., bottled) stores 

Dairy product stores 

Spice stores 

Gourmet food stores 

Water (i.e., bottled) stores 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing specialty foods via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Selling snack foods (e.g., doughnuts, bagels, ice cream, popcorn) for immediate consumption--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; 

 Retailing fresh, frozen, or cured meats and poultry--are classified in Industry 445210, Meat Markets; 

 Retailing fresh, frozen, or cured fish and seafood products--are classified in Industry 445220, Fish and 

Seafood Markets; 

 Retailing fresh fruits and vegetables--are classified in Industry 445230, Fruit and Vegetable Markets; 

 Retailing candy and other confections, nuts, and popcorn not for immediate consumption and not made on 

the premises--are classified in U.S. Industry 445292, Confectionery and Nut Stores; and 

 Retailing baked goods not for immediate consumption and not made on the premises--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 445291, Baked Goods Stores. 

4453 Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores 
44531 Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores 

See industry description for 445310 below. 

445310 Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing packaged alcoholic beverages, such as ale, 

beer, wine, and liquor. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in retailing packaged liquor in combination with providing prepared drinks for 

immediate consumption on the premises are classified in Industry 722410, Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages). 

446 Health and Personal Care Stores 

 Industries in the Health and Personal Care Stores subsector retail health and personal care merchandise from fixed 

point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector are characterized principally by the products they retail, and 

some health and personal care stores may have specialized staff trained in dealing with the products. Staff may 

include pharmacists, opticians, and other professionals engaged in retailing, advising customers, and/or fitting the 

product sold to the customer's needs. 

4461 Health and Personal Care Stores 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing health and personal care products. 

44611 Pharmacies and Drug Stores 

See industry description for 446110 below. 

446110 Pharmacies and Drug Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments known as pharmacies and drug stores engaged in retailing prescription or 

nonprescription drugs and medicines. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing food supplement products, such as vitamins, nutrition supplements, and body enhancing 

supplements--are classified in U.S. Industry 446191, Food (Health) Supplement Stores; and 

 Retailing prescription and nonprescription drugs via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--

are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers. 

44612 Cosmetics, Beauty Supplies, and Perfume Stores 

See industry description for 446120 below. 

446120 Cosmetics, Beauty Supplies, and Perfume Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments known as cosmetic or perfume stores or beauty supply shops primarily 

engaged in retailing cosmetics, perfumes, toiletries, and personal grooming products. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing beauty parlor services--are classified in U.S. Industry 812112, Beauty Salons; and 

 Retailing perfumes, cosmetics, and beauty supplies via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct 

sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers. 

44613 Optical Goods Stores 

See industry description for 446130 below. 
446130 Optical Goods Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) retailing and fitting 

prescription eyeglasses and contact lenses; (2) retailing prescription eyeglasses in combination with the grinding of 

lenses to order on the premises; and (3) selling nonprescription eyeglasses. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Grinding lenses without retailing lenses--are classified in U.S. Industry 339115, Ophthalmic Goods 

Manufacturing; 

 The private or group practice of optometry, even though glasses and contact lenses are sold at these 

establishments--are classified in Industry 621320, Offices of Optometrists; 

 Retailing eyeglasses and contact lenses via mail-order--are classified in U.S. Industry 454113, Mail-Order 

Houses; and 

 Retailing eyeglasses and contact lenses via the Internet--are classified in U.S. Industry 454111, Electronic 

Shopping. 

44619 Other Health and Personal Care Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing health and personal care items (except 

drugs, medicines, optical goods, perfumes, cosmetics, and beauty supplies). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Convalescent supply stores 

Prosthetic stores 

Food (i.e., health) supplement stores 

Sick room supply stores 

Hearing aid stores 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing health and personal care items via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are 

classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing orthopedic shoes--are classified in Industry 44821, Shoe Stores; 

 Retailing orthopedic and prosthetic appliances that are made on premises--are classified in Industry 33911, 

Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing; 

 Retailing prescription and nonprescription drugs and medicines--are classified in Industry 44611, 

Pharmacies and Drug Stores; 

 Retailing eyeglasses and contact lenses--are classified in Industry 44613, Optical Goods Stores; 

 Retailing perfumes, cosmetics, and beauty supplies--are classified in Industry 44612, Cosmetics, Beauty 

Supplies, and Perfume Stores; and 

 Retailing naturally organic foods, such as fruits and vegetables, dairy products, and cereals and grains--are 

classified in Subsector 445, Food and Beverage Stores. 

446191 Food (Health) Supplement Stores 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing food supplement products, such as 

vitamins, nutrition supplements, and body enhancing supplements. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing food supplement products via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified 

in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 
 Retailing prescription and nonprescription drugs and medicines--are classified in Industry 446110, 

Pharmacies and Drug Stores; and 

 Retailing naturally organic foods, such as fruits and vegetables, dairy products, and cereals and grains--are 

classified in Subsector 445, Food and Beverage Stores. 

446199 All Other Health and Personal Care Stores 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing specialized lines of health and personal 

care merchandise (except drugs, medicines, optical goods, cosmetics, beauty supplies, perfume, and food 

supplement products). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Convalescent supply stores 

Prosthetic stores 

Hearing aid stores 

Sick room supply stores 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing specialized health and personal care merchandise via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or 

direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing food supplement products--are classified in U.S. Industry 446191, Food (Health) Supplement 

Stores; 

 Retailing prescription or nonprescription drugs and medicines--are classified in Industry 446110, 

Pharmacies and Drug Stores; 

 Retailing eyeglasses and contact lenses--are classified in Industry 446130, Optical Goods Stores; 

 Retailing perfumes, cosmetics, and beauty supplies--are classified in Industry 446120, Cosmetics, Beauty 

Supplies, and Perfume Stores; 

 Retailing orthopedic shoes--are classified in Industry 448210, Shoe Stores; and 

 Retailing orthopedic and prosthetic appliances that are made on premises--are classified in U.S. Industry 

339113, Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing. 

447 Gasoline Stations 

 Industries in the Gasoline Stations subsector retail automotive fuels (e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel, gasohol, alternative 

fuels) and automotive oils or retail these products in combination with convenience store items. These 

establishments have specialized equipment for the storage and dispensing of automotive fuels. 

4471 Gasoline Stations 

44711 Gasoline Stations with Convenience Stores 

See industry description for 447110 below. 

447110 Gasoline Stations with Convenience Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments engaged in retailing automotive fuels (e.g., diesel fuel, gasohol, gasoline) 

in combination with convenience store or food mart items. These establishments can either be in a convenience 

store (i.e., food mart) setting or a gasoline station setting. These establishments may also provide automotive repair 

services. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing automotive fuels without a convenience store--are classified in Industry 447190, Other Gasoline 

Stations; and 
 Retailing a limited line of goods, known as convenience stores or food marts (except those with fuel 

pumps)--are classified in Industry 445120, Convenience Stores. 

44719 Other Gasoline Stations 

See industry description for 447190 below. 

447190 Other Gasoline Stations 

 This industry comprises establishments known as gasoline stations (except those with convenience stores) 

primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) retailing automotive fuels (e.g., diesel fuel, gasohol, gasoline, 

alternative fuels) or (2) retailing these fuels in combination with activities, such as providing repair services; selling 

automotive oils, replacement parts, and accessories; and/or providing food services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Gasoline stations without convenience stores 

Truck stops 

Marine service stations 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Repairing motor vehicles without retailing automotive fuels--are classified in Industry Group 8111, 

Automotive Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Retailing automotive fuels in combination with a convenience store or food mart--are classified in Industry 

447110, Gasoline Stations with Convenience Stores. 

448 Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores 

 Industries in the Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores subsector retail new clothing and clothing accessories 

merchandise from fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector have similar display equipment and 

staff that is knowledgeable regarding fashion trends and the proper match of styles, colors, and combinations of 

clothing and accessories to the characteristics and tastes of the customer. 

4481 Clothing Stores 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new clothing. 

44811 Men's Clothing Stores 

See industry description for 448110 below. 

448110 Men's Clothing Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of new men's and boys' 

clothing. These establishments may provide basic alterations, such as hemming, taking in or letting out seams, or 

lengthening or shortening sleeves. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing men's and boys' clothing via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing custom men's clothing made on the premises--are classified in Industry Group 3152, Cut and Sew 

Apparel Manufacturing; 

 Retailing new men's and boys' accessories--are classified in Industry 448150, Clothing Accessories Stores; 

 Retailing specialized new apparel, such as raincoats, leather coats, fur apparel, and swimwear--are 

classified in Industry 448190, Other Clothing Stores; 
 Retailing new clothing for all genders and age groups--are classified in Industry 448140, Family Clothing 

Stores; 

 Retailing secondhand clothes--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores; and 

 Providing clothing alterations and repair--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household 

Goods Repair and Maintenance. 

44812 Women's Clothing Stores 

See industry description for 448120 below. 

448120 Women's Clothing Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of new women's, misses' and 

juniors' clothing, including maternity wear. These establishments may provide basic alterations, such as hemming, 

taking in or letting out seams, or lengthening or shortening sleeves. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing women's clothing via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing custom women's clothing made on premises--are classified in Industry Group 3152, Cut and Sew 

Apparel Manufacturing; 

 Retailing new women's accessories--are classified in Industry 448150, Clothing Accessories Stores; 

 Retailing new clothing for all genders and age groups--are classified in Industry 448140, Family Clothing 

Stores; 

 Retailing specialized new apparel, such as bridal gowns, raincoats, leather coats, fur apparel, and 

swimwear--are classified in Industry 448190, Other Clothing Stores; 

 Retailing secondhand clothes--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores; and 

 Providing clothing alterations and repair--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household 

Goods Repair and Maintenance. 

44813 Children's and Infants' Clothing Stores 

See industry description for 448130 below. 

448130 Children's and Infants' Clothing Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of new children's and infants' 

clothing. These establishments may provide basic alterations, such as hemming, taking in or letting out seams, or 

lengthening or shortening sleeves. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing children's and infants' clothing via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are 

classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing new children's and infants' accessories--are classified in Industry 448150, Clothing Accessories 

Stores; 

 Retailing new clothing for all genders or age groups--are classified in Industry 448140, Family Clothing 

Stores; 

 Retailing secondhand clothes--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores; and 

 Providing clothing alterations and repair--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household 

Goods Repair and Maintenance. 

44814 Family Clothing Stores 

See industry description for 448140 below. 

448140 Family Clothing Stores 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of new clothing for men, 

women, and children, without specializing in sales for an individual gender or age group. These establishments may 

provide basic alterations, such as hemming, taking in or letting out seams, or lengthening or shortening sleeves. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing clothing for all genders via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing new men's and boys' clothing--are classified in Industry 448110, Men's Clothing Stores; 

 Retailing new women's, misses', and juniors' clothing--are classified in Industry 448120, Women's Clothing 

Stores; 

 Retailing new children's and infants' clothing--are classified in Industry 448130, Children's and Infants' 

Clothing Stores; 

 Retailing specialized new apparel, such as raincoats, bridal gowns, leather coats, fur apparel, and 

swimwear--are classified in Industry 448190, Other Clothing Stores; 

 Providing clothing alterations and repair--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household 

Goods Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Retailing secondhand clothes--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores. 

44815 Clothing Accessories Stores 

See industry description for 448150 below. 

448150 Clothing Accessories Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing single or combination lines of new clothing 

accessories, such as hats and caps, costume jewelry, gloves, handbags, ties, wigs, toupees, and belts. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Costume jewelry stores 

Wig and hairpiece stores 

Neckwear stores 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing specialized lines of clothing via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are 

classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing precious jewelry and watches--are classified in Industry 448310, Jewelry Stores; 

 Retailing used clothing accessories--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores; 

 Retailing luggage, briefcases, trunks, or these products in combination with a general line of leather items 

(except leather apparel), known as luggage and leather goods stores--are classified in Industry 448320, 

Luggage and Leather Goods Stores; and 

 Retailing leather apparel--are classified in Industry 448190, Other Clothing Stores. 

44819 Other Clothing Stores 

See industry description for 448190 below. 

448190 Other Clothing Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing specialized lines of new clothing (except 

general lines of men's, women's, children's, infants', and family clothing). These establishments may provide basic 

alterations, such as hemming, taking in or letting out seams, or lengthening or shortening sleeves. 

Illustrative Examples:
Bridal gown (except custom) shops 

Leather coat stores 

Costume shops 

Lingerie stores 

Fur apparel stores 

Swimwear stores 

Hosiery stores 

Uniform (except athletic) stores 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing specialized apparel via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing custom apparel and accessories made on the premises--are classified in Subsector 315, Apparel 

Manufacturing; 

 Retailing new men's and boys' clothing--are classified in Industry 448110, Men's Clothing Stores; 

 Retailing new women's, misses', and juniors' clothing, including maternity wear--are classified in Industry 

448120, Women's Clothing Stores; 

 Retailing new children's and infants' clothing--are classified in Industry 448130, Children's and Infants' 

Clothing Stores; 

 Retailing new clothing for all genders or age groups--are classified in Industry 448140, Family Clothing 

Stores; 

 Retailing athletic uniforms--are classified in Industry 451110, Sporting Goods Stores; 

 Retailing secondhand clothes--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores; 

 Retailing luggage, briefcases, trunks, or these products in combination with a general line of leather items 

(except leather apparel), known as luggage and leather goods stores--are classified in Industry 448320, 

Luggage and Leather Goods Stores; and 

 Providing clothing alterations and repair--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household 

Goods Repair and Maintenance. 

4482 Shoe Stores 

44821 Shoe Stores 

See industry description for 448210 below. 

448210 Shoe Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing all types of new footwear (except hosiery 

and specialty sports footwear, such as golf shoes, bowling shoes, and spiked shoes). Establishments primarily 

engaged in retailing new tennis shoes or sneakers are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing footwear via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, 

Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing hosiery--are classified in Industry 448190, Other Clothing Stores; 

 Retailing new specialty sports footwear (e.g., bowling shoes, golf shoes, spiked shoes)--are classified in 

Industry 451110, Sporting Goods Stores; and 

 Retailing used footwear--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores. 

4483 Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather Goods Stores 
 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new jewelry (except costume 

jewelry); new sterling and plated silverware; new watches and clocks; and new luggage with or without a general 

line of new leather goods and accessories, such as hats, gloves, handbags, ties, and belts. 

44831 Jewelry Stores 

See industry description for 448310 below. 

448310 Jewelry Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing one or more of the following items: (1) new 

jewelry (except costume jewelry); (2) new sterling and plated silverware; and (3) new watches and clocks. Also 

included are establishments retailing these new products in combination with lapidary work and/or repair services. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing new costume jewelry--are classified in Industry 448150, Clothing Accessories Stores; 

 Retailing jewelry via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, 

Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing antiques or used jewelry, silverware, and watches and clocks--are classified in Industry 453310, 

Used Merchandise Stores; 

 Providing jewelry or watch and clock repair without retailing new jewelry or watches and clocks--are 

classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Cutting and setting gem stones--are classified in Industry 339910, Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing. 

44832 Luggage and Leather Goods Stores 

See industry description for 448320 below. 

448320 Luggage and Leather Goods Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments known as luggage and leather goods stores primarily engaged in retailing 

new luggage, briefcases, and trunks, or retailing these new products in combination with a general line of leather 

items (except leather apparel), such as belts, gloves, and handbags. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing luggage and leather goods via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified 

in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing used luggage and leather goods--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores; 

 Retailing single or combination lines of new clothing accessories (e.g., gloves, handbags, or leather belts)--

are classified in Industry 448150, Clothing Accessories Stores; and 

 Retailing new leather coats--are classified in Industry 448190, Other Clothing Stores. 

451 Sporting Goods, Hobby, Musical Instrument, and Book Stores 

 Industries in the Sporting Goods, Hobby, Musical Instrument, and Book Stores subsector are engaged in retailing 

and providing expertise on the use of sporting equipment or other specific leisure activities, such as needlework and 

musical instruments. Book stores are also included in this subsector. 

4511 Sporting Goods, Hobby, and Musical Instrument Stores 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new sporting goods, games and toys, 

and musical instruments. 

45111 Sporting Goods Stores 

See industry description for 451110 below. 
451110 Sporting Goods Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new sporting goods, such as bicycles and 

bicycle parts; camping equipment; exercise and fitness equipment; athletic uniforms; specialty sports footwear; and 

sporting goods, equipment, and accessories. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Athletic uniform supply stores 

Fishing supply stores 

Bicycle (except motorized) shops 

Golf pro shops 

Bowling equipment and supply stores 

Saddlery stores 

Diving equipment stores 

Sporting goods (e.g., scuba, skiing, outdoor) stores 

Exercise equipment stores 

Sporting gun shops 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing sporting goods via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing new or used campers (pickup coaches) and camping trailers--are classified in Industry 441210, 

Recreational Vehicle Dealers; 

 Retailing new or used snowmobiles, motorized bicycles, and motorized golf carts--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 441228, Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; 

 Retailing new shoes (except specialty sports footwear, such as golf shoes, bowling shoes, and spiked 

shoes)--are classified in Industry 448210, Shoe Stores; 

 Repairing or servicing sporting goods, without retailing new sporting goods--are classified in Industry 

811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Retailing used sporting goods and used bicycles--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise 

Stores. 

45112 Hobby, Toy, and Game Stores 

See industry description for 451120 below. 

451120 Hobby, Toy, and Game Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new toys, games, and hobby and craft 

supplies (except needlecraft). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing toys, games, and hobby and craft supplies via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct 

sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing artists' supplies or collectors' items, such as coins, stamps, autographs, and cards--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 453998, All Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers (except Tobacco Stores); 

 Retailing new computer software (e.g., game software)--are classified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics 

Stores; 

 Retailing used toys, games, and hobby supplies--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise 

Stores; and 

 Retailing new sewing supplies, fabrics, and needlework accessories--are classified in Industry 451130, 

Sewing, Needlework, and Piece Goods Stores. 
45113 Sewing, Needlework, and Piece Goods Stores 

See industry description for 451130 below. 

451130 Sewing, Needlework, and Piece Goods Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new sewing supplies, fabrics, patterns, 

yarns, and other needlework accessories or retailing these products in combination with selling new sewing 

machines. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Fabric shops 

Sewing supply stores 

Needlecraft sewing supply stores 

Upholstery materials stores 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing sewing supplies via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing new sewing machines only and in combination with retailing other new appliances--are classified 

in U.S. Industry 443141, Household Appliance Stores; and 

 Retailing used sewing, needlework, and piece goods--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise 

Stores. 

45114 Musical Instrument and Supplies Stores 

See industry description for 451140 below. 

451140 Musical Instrument and Supplies Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new musical instruments, sheet music, and 

related supplies; or retailing these new products in combination with musical instrument repair, rental, or music 

instruction. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Musical instrument stores 

Sheet music stores 

Piano stores 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing musical instruments, sheet music, and related supplies via electronic home shopping, mail-order, 

or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing new musical recordings--are classified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics Stores; and 

 Retailing used musical instruments (including used rare musical instruments), sheet music, and related 

supplies--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores. 

4512 Book Stores and News Dealers 

45121 Book Stores and News Dealers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new books, newspapers, magazines, and 

other periodicals. 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct 

sale--are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Home delivery of newspapers--are classified in Industry 45439, Other Direct Selling Establishments; and 

 Retailing used books, newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals--are classified in Industry 45331, Used 

Merchandise Stores. 

451211 Book Stores 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new books. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing books via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, 

Nonstore Retailers; and 

 Retailing used books (including used rare books)--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise 

Stores. 

451212 News Dealers and Newsstands 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing current newspapers, magazines, and 

other periodicals. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Home delivery of newspapers--are classified in Industry 454390, Other Direct Selling Establishments; 

 Retailing newspapers and periodicals by mail-order--are classified in U.S. Industry 454113, Mail-Order 

Houses; and 

 Retailing used newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals--are classified in Industry 453310, Used 

Merchandise Stores. 

452 General Merchandise Stores 

 Industries in the General Merchandise Stores subsector retail new general merchandise from fixed point-of-sale 

locations. Establishments in this subsector are unique in that they have the equipment and staff capable of retailing 

a large variety of goods from a single location. This includes a variety of display equipment and staff trained to 

provide information on many lines of products. 

4521 Department Stores 

45211 Department Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments known as department stores primarily engaged in retailing a wide range of 

the following new products with no one merchandise line predominating: apparel, furniture, appliances and home 

furnishings; and selected additional items, such as paint, hardware, toiletries, cosmetics, photographic equipment, 

jewelry, toys, and sporting goods. Merchandise lines are normally arranged in separate departments. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing packaged grocery items in combination with general lines of merchandise with no one 

merchandise line predominating--are classified in Industry 45291, Warehouse Clubs and Supercenters; 

 Retailing apparel without a significant amount of housewares or general merchandise--are classified in 

Subsector 448, Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores; 
 Retailing general lines of merchandise via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are 

classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; and 

 Retailing used merchandise--are classified in Industry 45331, Used Merchandise Stores. 

452111 Department Stores (except Discount Department Stores) 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as department stores that have separate departments for 

various merchandise lines, such as apparel, jewelry, home furnishings, and linens, each with separate cash registers 

and sales associates. Department stores in this industry generally do not have central customer checkout and cash 

register facilities. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing apparel without a significant amount of housewares or general merchandise--are classified in 

Subsector 448, Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores; 

 Retailing a wide variety of general merchandise in department stores with central customer checkout and 

cash register facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 452112, Discount Department Stores; and 

 Retailing a wide variety of general merchandise in combination with a general line of perishable groceries, 

such as fresh meat, vegetable, and dairy products--are classified in Industry 452910, Warehouse Clubs and 

Supercenters. 

452112 Discount Department Stores 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as department stores that have central customer checkout 

areas, generally in the front of the store, and that may have additional cash registers located in one or more 

individual departments. Department stores in this industry sell a wide range of general merchandise (except fresh, 

perishable foods). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing apparel without a significant amount of housewares or general merchandise--are classified in 

Subsector 448, Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores; 

 Retailing a wide variety of general merchandise in department stores with separate cash registers and sales 

associates for each department--are classified in U.S. Industry 452111, Department Stores (except Discount 

Department Stores); and 

 Retailing a wide variety of general merchandise in combination with a general line of perishable groceries, 

such as fresh meat, vegetable, and dairy products--are classified in Industry 452910, Warehouse Clubs and 

Supercenters. 

4529 Other General Merchandise Stores 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new goods in general merchandise 

stores (except department stores). 

45291 Warehouse Clubs and Supercenters 

See industry description for 452910 below. 

452910 Warehouse Clubs and Supercenters 

 This industry comprises establishments known as warehouse clubs, superstores or supercenters primarily engaged 

in retailing a general line of groceries in combination with general lines of new merchandise, such as apparel, 

furniture, and appliances. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Retailing general lines of merchandise via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are 

classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing a general line of food, generally known as supermarkets and grocery stores--are classified in 

Industry 445110, Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores; 

 Retailing general lines of new merchandise with little grocery item sales--are classified in Industry 452990, 

All Other General Merchandise Stores; 

 Retailing new merchandise in discount department stores--are classified in U.S. Industry 452112, Discount 

Department Stores; 

 Retailing new merchandise in department stores other than discount department stores--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 452111, Department Stores (except Discount Department Stores); and 

 Retailing used merchandise--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores. 

45299 All Other General Merchandise Stores 

See industry description for 452990 below. 

452990 All Other General Merchandise Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new goods in general merchandise stores 

(except department stores, discount department stores, warehouse clubs, superstores, and supercenters). These 

establishments retail a general line of new merchandise, such as apparel, automotive parts, dry goods, hardware, 

groceries, housewares or home furnishings, and other lines in limited amounts, with none of the lines predominating. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Dollar stores 

General stores 

General merchandise catalog showrooms (except catalog mail-order) 

General merchandise trading posts 

Home and auto supply stores 

Variety stores 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing general lines of merchandise via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are 

classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing automotive parts--are classified in Industry 441310, Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores; 

 Retailing merchandise in department stores--are classified in Industry 45211, Department Stores; 

 Retailing merchandise in warehouse clubs, superstores, or supercenters--are classified in Industry 452910, 

Warehouse Clubs and Supercenters; 

 Retailing merchandise in catalog showrooms of mail-order houses--are classified in U.S. Industry 454113, 

Mail-Order Houses; 

 Retailing a general line of new hardware items, known as hardware stores--are classified in Industry 

444130, Hardware Stores; 

 Retailing a general line of new home repair and improvement materials and supplies, known as home 

centers--are classified in Industry 444110, Home Centers; and 

 Retailing used merchandise--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores. 

453 Miscellaneous Store Retailers 

 Industries in the Miscellaneous Store Retailers subsector retail merchandise from fixed point-of-sale locations 

(except new or used motor vehicles and parts; new furniture and home furnishings; new appliances and electronic 

products; new building materials and garden equipment and supplies; food and beverages; health and personal care 

goods; gasoline; new clothing and accessories; and new sporting goods, hobby goods, books, and music). 

Establishments in this subsector include stores with unique characteristics like florists, used merchandise stores, and 

pet and pet supply stores as well as other store retailers. 
4531 Florists 

45311 Florists 

See industry description for 453110 below. 

453110 Florists 

 This industry comprises establishments known as florists primarily engaged in retailing cut flowers, floral 

arrangements, and potted plants purchased from others. These establishments usually prepare the arrangements they 

sell. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing flowers or nursery stock grown on premises--are classified in Industry 11142, Nursery and 

Floriculture Production; 

 Retailing trees, shrubs, plants, seeds, bulbs, and sod grown elsewhere--are classified in Industry 444220, 

Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores; and 

 Retailing flowers via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 454, 

Nonstore Retailers. 

4532 Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Stores 

45321 Office Supplies and Stationery Stores 

See industry description for 453210 below. 

453210 Office Supplies and Stationery Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) retailing new 

stationery, school supplies, and office supplies; (2) retailing a combination of new office equipment, furniture, and 

supplies; and (3) retailing new office equipment, furniture, and supplies in combination with selling new computers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing stationery, school supplies, and office supplies via electronic shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--

are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing greeting cards--are classified in Industry 453220, Gift, Novelty, and Souvenir Stores; 

 Retailing new typewriters--are classified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics Stores; 

 Retailing new computers without retailing other consumer-type electronic products or office equipment, 

furniture, and supplies--are classified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics Stores; 

 Printing business forms--are classified in Industry 32311, Printing; 

 Retailing new office furniture--are classified in Industry 442110, Furniture Stores; and 

 Retailing used office supplies--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores. 

45322 Gift, Novelty, and Souvenir Stores 

See industry description for 453220 below. 

453220 Gift, Novelty, and Souvenir Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new gifts, novelty merchandise, souvenirs, 

greeting cards, seasonal and holiday decorations, and curios. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Balloon shops 

Greeting card shops 
Christmas stores 

Novelty shops 

Curio shops 

Souvenir shops 

Gift shops 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing gifts and novelties via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing stationery--are classified in Industry 453210, Office Supplies and Stationery Stores; and 

 Retailing used curios and novelties--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores. 

4533 Used Merchandise Stores 

45331 Used Merchandise Stores 

See industry description for 453310 below. 

453310 Used Merchandise Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing used merchandise, antiques, and secondhand 

goods (except motor vehicles, such as automobiles, RVs, motorcycles, and boats; motor vehicle parts; tires; and 

mobile homes). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Antique shops 

Used household-type appliance stores 

Used book stores 

Used merchandise thrift shops 

Used clothing stores 

Used sporting goods stores 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing used merchandise via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in 

Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Operating pawnshops--are classified in U.S. Industry 522298, All Other Nondepository Credit 

Intermediation; 

 Retailing used automobiles--are classified in Industry 441120, Used Car Dealers; 

 Retailing used automobile parts (except tires and tubes)--are classified in Industry 441310, Automotive 

Parts and Accessories Stores; 

 Retailing used tires--are classified in Industry 441320, Tire Dealers; 

 Retailing used mobile homes--are classified in Industry 453930, Manufactured (Mobile) Home Dealers; 

 Retailing used recreational vehicles--are classified in Industry 441210, Recreational Vehicle Dealers; 

 Retailing used boats--are classified in U.S. Industry 441222, Boat Dealers; 

 Retailing used motorcycles, aircraft, snowmobiles, and utility trailers--are classified in U.S. Industry 

441228, Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; and 

 Retailing a general line of used merchandise on an auction basis (except electronic auctions)--are classified 

in U.S. Industry 453998, All Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers (except Tobacco Stores). 

4539 Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new miscellaneous specialty store 

merchandise (except motor vehicle and parts dealers; furniture and home furnishings stores; consumer-type 
electronics and appliance stores; building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers; food and beverage 

stores; health and personal care stores; gasoline stations; clothing and clothing accessories stores; sporting goods, 

hobby, book, and music stores; general merchandise stores; florists; office supplies, stationery, and gift stores; and 

used merchandise stores). 

45391 Pet and Pet Supplies Stores 

See industry description for 453910 below. 

453910 Pet and Pet Supplies Stores 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing pets, pet foods, and pet supplies. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing pets, pet foods, and pet supplies via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are 

classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Providing pet grooming and boarding services--are classified in Industry 812910, Pet Care (except 

Veterinary) Services; and 

 Providing veterinary services--are classified in Industry 541940, Veterinary Services. 

45392 Art Dealers 

See industry description for 453920 below. 

453920 Art Dealers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing original and limited edition art works. 

Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in displaying works of art for retail sale in art 

galleries. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing original and limited edition art works via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are 

classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing art reproductions (except limited editions)--are classified in U.S. Industry 442299, All Other 

Home Furnishings Stores; 

 Retailing artists' supplies--are classified in U.S. Industry 453998, All Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers 

(except Tobacco Stores); and 

 Displaying works of art not for retail sale in art galleries--are classified in Industry 712110, Museums. 

45393 Manufactured (Mobile) Home Dealers 

See industry description for 453930 below. 

453930 Manufactured (Mobile) Home Dealers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing new and/or used manufactured homes (i.e., 

mobile homes), parts, and equipment. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing new or used motor homes, campers, and travel trailers--are classified in Industry 441210, 

Recreational Vehicle Dealers; and 

 Retailing prefabricated buildings and kits without construction--are classified in Industry 444190, Other 

Building Material Dealers. 

45399 All Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing specialized lines of merchandise (except 

motor vehicle and parts dealers; furniture and home furnishings stores; electronics and appliance stores; building 

material and garden equipment and supplies dealers; food and beverage stores; health and personal care stores; 

gasoline stations; clothing and clothing accessories stores; sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores; general 

merchandise stores; florists; office supplies, stationery and gift stores; used merchandise stores; pet and pet supplies 

stores; art dealers; and manufactured home (i.e., mobile home) dealers). This industry also includes establishments 

primarily engaged in retailing a general line of new and used merchandise on an auction basis (except electronic 

auctions). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Art supply stores 

Swimming pool supply stores, new 

Cemetery memorial (e.g., markers, headstones, vaults) dealers 

Tobacco stores 

Cigar stores 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing merchandise via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are classified in Subsector 

454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Auctioning on the location of others as independent auctioneers--are classified in Industry 56199, All Other 

Support Services; 

 Retailing pets and pet supplies--are classified in Industry 45391, Pet and Pet Supplies Stores; 

 Retailing original and limited edition art works--are classified in Industry 45392, Art Dealers; 

 Retailing manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes)--are classified in Industry 45393, Manufactured 

(Mobile) Home Dealers; 

 Retailing new books--are classified in Industry 45121, Book Stores and News Dealers; 

 Retailing new jewelry (except costume jewelry)--are classified in Industry 44831, Jewelry Stores; 

 Retailing new costume jewelry--are classified in Industry 44815, Clothing Accessories Stores; 

 Operating pawnshops--are classified in Industry 52229, Other Nondepository Credit Intermediation; and 

 Retailing used merchandise (except automobiles, RVs, mobile homes, motorcycles, boats, motor vehicle 

parts, tires, aircraft, snowmobiles, and utility trailers)--are classified in Industry 45331, Used Merchandise 

Stores. 

453991 Tobacco Stores 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing cigarettes, cigars, tobacco, pipes, and 

other smokers' supplies. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Cigar stores 

Smokers' supply stores 

Cigarette stands (i.e., permanent) 

Tobacco stores 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in retailing tobacco products and supplies via electronic home shopping, mailorder, or direct sale are classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers. 

453998 All Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers (except Tobacco Stores) 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing specialized lines of merchandise 

(except motor vehicle and parts dealers; furniture and home furnishings stores; electronics and appliance stores; 

building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers; food and beverage stores; health and personal care 

stores; gasoline stations; clothing and clothing accessories stores; sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores; 

general merchandise stores; florists; office supplies, stationery and gift stores; used merchandise stores; pet and pet 

supplies stores; art dealers; manufactured home (i.e., mobile home) dealers; and tobacco stores). This industry also 

includes establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of new and used merchandise on an auction 

basis (except electronic auctions). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Art supply stores 

General merchandise auction houses 

Candle shops 

Home security equipment stores 

Cemetery memorial (e.g., headstones, markers, vaults) dealers 

Hot tub stores 

Collectors' items (e.g., autograph, coin, card, stamp) shops 

Swimming pool supply stores 

Fireworks shops (permanent location) 

Trophy (e.g., awards and plaques) shops 

Flower shops, artificial or dried 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing specialized lines of merchandise via electronic home shopping, mail-order, or direct sale--are 

classified in Subsector 454, Nonstore Retailers; 

 Retailing merchandise via electronic auctions--are classified in U.S. Industry 454112, Electronic Auctions; 

 Auctioning (i.e., on the location of others as independent auctioneers)--are classified in Industry 561990, 

All Other Support Services; 

 Retailing pets and pet supplies--are classified in Industry 453910, Pet and Pet Supplies Stores; 

 Retailing original and limited edition art works--are classified in Industry 453920, Art Dealers; 

 Retailing manufactured homes (i.e., mobile homes)--are classified in Industry 453930, Manufactured 

(Mobile) Home Dealers; 

 Retailing cigarettes, cigars, tobacco, pipes, and other smokers' supplies--are classified in U.S. Industry 

453991, Tobacco Stores; 

 Retailing antiques--are classified in Industry 453310, Used Merchandise Stores; 

 Retailing new books--are classified in U.S. Industry 451211, Book Stores; 

 Retailing new jewelry (except costume jewelry)--are classified in Industry 448310, Jewelry Stores; and 

 Retailing new costume jewelry--are classified in Industry 448150, Clothing Accessories Stores. 

454 Nonstore Retailers 

 Industries in the Nonstore Retailers subsector retail merchandise using methods, such as the broadcasting of 

infomercials, the broadcasting and publishing of direct-response advertising, the publishing of paper and electronic 

catalogs, door-to-door solicitation, in-home demonstration, selling from portable stalls and distribution through 

vending machines. Establishments in this subsector include mail-order houses, vending machine operators, home 

delivery sales, door-to-door sales, party plan sales, electronic shopping, and sales through portable stalls (e.g., street 

vendors, except food). Establishments engaged in the direct sale (i.e., nonstore) of products, such as home heating 

oil dealers and newspaper delivery service providers are included in this subsector. 

4541 Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses 

45411 Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing all types of merchandise using nonstore 

means, such as catalogs, toll free telephone numbers, or electronic media, such as interactive television or computer. 

Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in retailing from catalog showrooms of mail-order 

houses. 

Illustrative Examples:

Catalog (i.e., order-taking) offices of mail-order houses 

Internet auction sites, retail 

Collectors' items, mail-order houses 

Mail-order book clubs (not publishing) 

Computer software, mail-order houses 

Mail-order houses 

Home shopping television orders 

Web retailers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Store retailing or a combination of store retailing and nonstore retailing in the same establishment--are 

classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade, based on the classification of the store portion of the activity; 

 Facilitating business to business electronic sales of new and used merchandise on an auction basis using the 

Internet--are classified in Industry 42511, Business to Business Electronic Markets; 

 Providing telemarketing (e.g., telephone marketing) services for others--are classified in Industry 56142, 

Telephone Call Centers; 

 Providing Internet publishing of classified ads--are classified in Industry 51913, Internet Publishing and 

Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; and 

 Hosting Internet retail sites without performing associated activities such as payment processing or 

fulfillment--are classified in Industry 51821, Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services. 

454111 Electronic Shopping 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments engaged in retailing all types of merchandise using the Internet. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Store retailing or a combination of store retailing and Internet retailing in the same establishment--are 

classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade, based on the classification of the store portion of the activity; 

 Retailing all types of merchandise using catalogs or television to generate clients and display merchandise--

are classified in U.S. Industry 454113, Mail-Order Houses; and 

 Providing sites for and facilitating consumer-to-consumer or business-to-consumer trade in new and used 

goods, on an auction basis, using the Internet--are classified in U.S. Industry 454112, Electronic Auctions. 

454112 Electronic Auctions 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments engaged in providing sites for and facilitating consumer-to-consumer 

or business-to-consumer trade in new and used goods, on an auction basis, using the Internet. Establishments in this 

industry provide the electronic location for retail auctions, but do not take title to the goods being sold. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing a general line of new and used merchandise on an auction basis from physical auction sites--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 453998, All Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers (except Tobacco Stores); 

 Facilitating business to business sales of new and used merchandise on an auction basis using the Internet--

are classified in Industry 425110, Business to Business Electronic Markets; 
 A combination of Internet auction and auction house sales in the same establishment--are classified in 

Sector 44-45, Retail Trade, based on the classification of the auction house portion of the activity; 

 Providing Internet publishing of classified ads--are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and 

Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; and 

 Hosting Internet retail sites without performing associated activities such as payment processing or 

fulfillment--are classified in Industry 518210, Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services. 

454113 Mail-Order Houses 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing all types of merchandise using mail 

catalogs or television to generate clients and display merchandise. Included in this industry are establishments 

primarily engaged in retailing from catalog showrooms of mail-order houses as well as establishments providing a 

combination of Internet and mail-order sales. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Catalog (i.e., order-taking) offices of mail-order houses 

Home shopping television orders 

Collectors' items, mail-order houses 

Mail-order book clubs (not publishing) 

Computer software, mail-order houses 

Mail-order houses 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing telemarketing (e.g., telephone marketing) services for others--are classified in U.S. Industry 

561422, Telemarketing Bureaus and Other Contact Centers; and 

 Retailing merchandise using store and nonstore methods at the same establishment--are classified in Sector 

44-45, Retail Trade, based on the classification of the store portion of the activity. 

4542 Vending Machine Operators 

45421 Vending Machine Operators 

See industry description for 454210 below. 

454210 Vending Machine Operators 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing merchandise through vending machines that 

they service. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Selling insurance policies through vending machines--are classified in Subsector 524, Insurance Carriers 

and Related Activities; 

 Supplying and servicing coin-operated photobooths, restrooms, and lockers--are classified in Industry 

812990, All Other Personal Services; and 

 Supplying and servicing coin-operated amusement and gambling devices in places of business operated by 

others--are classified in Subsector 713, Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries. 

4543 Direct Selling Establishments 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in nonstore retailing (except electronic, mailorder, or vending machine sales). These establishments typically go to the customers' location rather than the 

customer coming to them (e.g., door-to-door sales, home parties). Examples of establishments in this industry are 

home delivery newspaper routes; home delivery of heating oil, liquefied petroleum (LP) gas, and other fuels; locker 
meat provisioners; frozen food and freezer meal plan providers; coffee-break service providers; and bottled water or 

water softener services. 

45431 Fuel Dealers 

See industry description for 454310 below. 

454310 Fuel Dealers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing heating oil, liquefied petroleum (LP) gas, 

and other fuels via direct selling. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing oil burner repair services--are classified in U.S. Industry 811411, Home and Garden Equipment 

Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Installing oil burners--are classified in Industry 238220, Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning 

Contractors. 

45439 Other Direct Selling Establishments 

See industry description for 454390 below. 

454390 Other Direct Selling Establishments 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing merchandise (except food for immediate 

consumption and fuel) via direct sale to the customer by means, such as in-house sales (i.e., party plan 

merchandising), truck or wagon sales, and portable stalls (i.e., street vendors). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Direct selling bottled water providers 

Direct selling home delivery newspaper routes 

Direct selling coffee-break service providers 

Direct selling locker meat provisioners 

Direct selling frozen food and freezer meal plan providers 

Direct selling party plan merchandisers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Preparing and selling meals and snacks for immediate consumption from motorized vehicles or 

nonmotorized carts, catering a route--are classified in Industry 722330, Mobile Food Services; and 

 Retailing heating oil, liquefied petroleum (LP) gas, and other fuels via direct sale--are classified in Industry 

454310, Fuel Dealers. 

 
Sector 48-49--Transportation and WarehousingT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Transportation and Warehousing sector includes industries providing transportation of passengers and cargo, 

warehousing and storage for goods, scenic and sightseeing transportation, and support activities related to modes of 

transportation. Establishments in these industries use transportation equipment or transportation related facilities as 

a productive asset. The type of equipment depends on the mode of transportation. The modes of transportation are 

air, rail, water, road, and pipeline. 

 The Transportation and Warehousing sector distinguishes three basic types of activities: subsectors for each mode 

of transportation, a subsector for warehousing and storage, and a subsector for establishments providing support 

activities for transportation. In addition, there are subsectors for establishments that provide passenger 

transportation for scenic and sightseeing purposes, postal services, and courier services. 

 A separate subsector for support activities is established in the sector because, first, support activities for 

transportation are inherently multimodal, such as freight transportation arrangement, or have multimodal aspects. 

Secondly, there are production process similarities among the support activity industries. 

 One of the support activities identified in the support activity subsector is the routine repair and maintenance of 

transportation equipment (e.g., aircraft at an airport, railroad rolling stock at a railroad terminal, or ships at a harbor 

or port facility). Such establishments do not perform complete overhauling or rebuilding of transportation 

equipment (i.e., periodic restoration of transportation equipment to original design specifications) or transportation 

equipment conversion (i.e., major modification to systems). An establishment that primarily performs factory (or 

shipyard) overhauls, rebuilding, or conversions of aircraft, railroad rolling stock, or a ship is classified in Subsector 

336, Transportation Equipment Manufacturing according to the type of equipment. 

 Many of the establishments in this sector often operate on networks, with physical facilities, labor forces, and 

equipment spread over an extensive geographic area. 

 Warehousing establishments in this sector are distinguished from merchant wholesaling in that the warehouse 

establishments do not sell the goods. 

 Excluded from this sector are establishments primarily engaged in providing travel agent services that support 

transportation and other establishments, such as hotels, businesses, and government agencies. These establishments 

are classified in Sector 56, Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. Also, 

establishments primarily engaged in providing rental and leasing of transportation equipment without operator are 

classified in Subsector 532, Rental and Leasing Services. 

481 Air TransportationT 

 Industries in the Air Transportation subsector provide air transportation of passengers and/or cargo using aircraft, 

such as airplanes and helicopters. The subsector distinguishes scheduled from nonscheduled air transportation. 

Scheduled air carriers fly regular routes on regular schedules and operate even if flights are only partially loaded. 

Nonscheduled carriers often operate during nonpeak time slots at busy airports. These establishments have more 

flexibility with respect to choice of airport, hours of operation, load factors, and similar operational characteristics. 

Nonscheduled carriers provide chartered air transportation of passengers, cargo, or specialty flying services. 

Specialty flying services establishments use general-purpose aircraft to provide a variety of specialized flying 

services. 

 Scenic and sightseeing air transportation and air courier services are not included in this subsector but are included 

in Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation and in Subsector 492, Couriers and Messengers. Although 

these activities may use aircraft, they are different from the activities included in air transportation. Air sightseeing 

does not usually involve place-to-place transportation; the passenger's flight (e.g., balloon ride, aerial sightseeing) 

typically starts and ends at the same location. Courier services (individual package or cargo delivery) include more 

than air transportation; road transportation is usually required to deliver the cargo to the intended recipient. 

4811 Scheduled Air TransportationT 

48111 Scheduled Air TransportationT 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air transportation of passengers and/or 

cargo over regular routes and on regular schedules. Establishments in this industry operate flights even if partially 

loaded. Establishments primarily engaged in providing scheduled air transportation of mail on a contract basis are 

included in this industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Air commuter carriers, scheduled 

Scheduled air passenger carriers 

Scheduled air cargo carriers (except air couriers) 

Scheduled helicopter passenger carriers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing air courier services--are classified in Industry 49211, Couriers and Express Delivery Services; 

 Providing air transportation of passengers, cargo, or specialty flying services with no regular routes and 

regular schedules--are classified in Industry 48121, Nonscheduled Air Transportation; and 

 Providing helicopter rides for scenic and sightseeing transportation--are classified in Industry 48799, 

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other. 

481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air transportation of passengers or 

passengers and freight over regular routes and on regular schedules. Establishments in this industry operate flights 

even if partially loaded. Scheduled air passenger carriers including commuter and helicopter carriers (except scenic 

and sightseeing) are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing air transportation of passengers or passengers and cargo with no regular routes and regular 

schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481211, Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; 

 Providing helicopter rides for scenic and sightseeing transportation--are classified in Industry 487990, 

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other; and 

 Providing air transportation of cargo (without transporting passengers) over regular routes and on regular 

schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481112, Scheduled Freight Air Transportation. 

481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air transportation of cargo without 

transporting passengers over regular routes and on regular schedules. Establishments in this industry operate flights 

even if partially loaded. Establishments primarily engaged in providing scheduled air transportation of mail on a 

contract basis are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing air courier services--are classified in Industry 492110, Couriers and Express Delivery Services; 

 Providing air transportation of cargo with no regular routes and regular schedules--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 481212, Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportation; and 

 Providing air transportation of passengers or passengers and cargo over regular routes and on regular 

schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481111, Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation. 

4812 Nonscheduled Air TransportationT 

48121 Nonscheduled Air TransportationT 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) providing air transportation of passengers and/or 

cargo with no regular routes and regular schedules or (2) providing specialty flying services with no regular routes 

and regular schedules using general purpose aircraft. These establishments have more flexibility with respect to 

choice of airports, hours of operation, load factors, and similar operational characteristics. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Air taxi services 

Nonscheduled air freight transportation services 

Aircraft charter services 

Nonscheduled air passenger transportation services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Crop dusting using specialized aircraft--are classified in Industry 11511, Support Activities for Crop 

Production; 

 Fighting forest fires using specialized water bombers--are classified in Industry 11531, Support Activities 

for Forestry; 

 Providing air transportation of passengers and/or cargo over regular routes and on regular schedules--are 

classified in Industry 48111, Scheduled Air Transportation; 

 Providing specialized air sightseeing services--are classified in Industry 48799, Scenic and Sightseeing 

Transportation, Other; 

 Aerial gathering of geophysical data--are classified in Industry 54136, Geophysical Surveying and 

Mapping Services; 

 Providing aerial and/or other surveying and mapping services--are classified in Industry 54137, Surveying 

and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services; 

 Providing air ambulance services using specialized equipment--are classified in Industry 62191, 

Ambulance Services; 

 Operating specialized flying schools, including all training for commercial pilots--are classified in Industry 

61151, Technical and Trade Schools; 

 Operating recreation aviation clubs--are classified in Industry 71399, All Other Amusement and Recreation 

Industries; 

 Operating advocacy aviation clubs--are classified in Industry 81331, Social Advocacy Organizations; and 

 Providing air courier services--are classified in Industry 49211, Couriers and Express Delivery Services. 

481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air transportation of passengers or 

passengers and cargo with no regular routes and regular schedules. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing specialty air transportation or flying services with no regular routes and regular schedules using 

general purpose aircraft--are classified in U.S. Industry 481219, Other Nonscheduled Air Transportation; 

 Providing specialized air sightseeing services--are classified in Industry 487990, Scenic and Sightseeing 

Transportation, Other; 

 Providing air transportation of passengers or passengers and cargo over regular routes and on regular 

schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481111, Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; and 

 Providing air transportation of cargo (without transporting passengers) with no regular routes and 

schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481212, Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportation. 

481212 Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air transportation of cargo without 

transporting passengers with no regular routes and regular schedules. 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing specialty air transportation or flying services with no regular routes and regular schedules using 

general purpose aircraft--are classified in U.S. Industry 481219, Other Nonscheduled Air Transportation; 

 Providing air courier services--are classified in Industry 492110, Couriers and Express Delivery Services; 

 Providing air transportation of cargo without transporting passengers over regular routes and on regular 

schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481112, Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; and 

 Providing air transportation of cargo and passengers with no regular routes and schedules--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 481211, Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation. 

481219 Other Nonscheduled Air Transportation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air transportation with no regular 

routes and regular schedules (except nonscheduled chartered passenger and/or cargo air transportation). These 

establishments provide a variety of specialty air transportation or flying services based on individual customer needs 

using general purpose aircraft. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Aircraft charter services (i.e., general purpose aircraft used for a variety of specialty air and flying services) 

Aviation clubs providing a variety of air transportation activities to the general public 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing air transportation of passengers or passengers and cargo with no regular routes and regular 

schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481211, Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; 

 Providing air transportation of cargo without transporting passengers with no regular routes and regular 

schedules--are classified in U.S. Industry 481212, Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportation; 

 Crop dusting using specialized aircraft--are classified in U.S. Industry 115112, Soil Preparation, Planting, 

and Cultivating; 

 Fighting forest fires using specialized water bombers--are classified in Industry 115310, Support Activities 

for Forestry; 

 Providing specialized air sightseeing services--are classified in Industry 487990, Scenic and Sightseeing 

Transportation, Other; 

 Operating specialized flying schools, including all training for commercial pilots--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 611512, Flight Training; 

 Providing specialized air ambulance services using specialized equipment--are classified in Industry 

621910, Ambulance Services; 

 Operating recreation aviation clubs--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and 

Recreation Industries; 

 Operating advocacy aviation clubs--are classified in U.S. Industry 813319, Other Social Advocacy 

Organizations; 

 Aerial gathering of geophysical data for surveying and mapping--are classified in Industry 541360, 

Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; and 

 Providing aerial and/or other surveying and mapping services--are classified in Industry 541370, Surveying 

and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services. 

482 Rail TransportationT 

 Industries in the Rail Transportation subsector provide rail transportation of passengers and/or cargo using railroad 

rolling stock. The railroads in this subsector primarily either operate on networks, with physical facilities, labor 

force, and equipment spread over an extensive geographic area, or operate over a short distance on a local rail line. 

 Scenic and sightseeing rail transportation and street railroads, commuter rail, and rapid transit are not included in 

this subsector but are included in Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, and Subsector 485, Transit 

and Ground Passenger Transportation, respectively. Although these activities use railroad rolling stock, they are 

different from the activities included in rail transportation. Sightseeing and scenic railroads do not usually involve 
place-to-place transportation; the passenger's trip typically starts and ends at the same location. Commuter railroads 

operate in a manner more consistent with local and urban transit and are often part of integrated transit systems. 

4821 Rail TransportationT 

48211 Rail TransportationT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating railroads (except street railroads, commuter 

rail, urban rapid transit, and scenic and sightseeing trains). Line-haul railroads and short-line railroads are included 

in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating street railroads, commuter rail, and urban rapid transit systems--are classified in Industry Group 

4851, Urban Transit Systems; 

 Operating scenic and sightseeing trains--are classified in Industry 48711, Scenic and Sightseeing 

Transportation, Land; and 

 Operating switching and terminal facilities as separate establishments--are classified in Industry 48821, 

Support Activities for Rail Transportation. 

482111 Line-Haul Railroads 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as line-haul railroads primarily engaged in operating railroads 

for the transport of passengers and/or cargo over a long distance within a rail network. These establishments 

provide for the intercity movement of trains between the terminals and stations on main and branch lines of a linehaul rail network (except for local switching services). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating switching and terminal facilities as separate establishments--are classified in Industry 488210, 

Support Activities for Rail Transportation; 

 Operating railroads over a short distance on local rail lines--are classified in U.S. Industry 482112, Short 

Line Railroads; and 

 Operating commuter rail systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 485112, Commuter Rail Systems. 

482112 Short Line Railroads 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as short-line railroads primarily engaged in operating 

railroads for the transport of cargo over a short distance on local rail lines not part of a rail network. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating street railroads, commuter rail, and urban rapid transit systems--are classified in Industry Group 

4851, Urban Transit Systems; 

 Operating scenic and sightseeing trains--are classified in Industry 487110, Scenic and Sightseeing 

Transportation, Land; 

 Operating switching and terminal facilities as separate establishments--are classified in Industry 488210, 

Support Activities for Rail Transportation; and 

 Operating railroads for the transport of passengers and/or cargo over a long distance--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 482111, Line-Haul Railroads. 

483 Water TransportationT 

 Industries in the Water Transportation subsector provide water transportation of passengers and cargo using 

watercraft, such as ships, barges, and boats. 
 The subsector is composed of two industry groups: (1) one for deep sea, coastal, and Great Lakes; and (2) one for 

inland water transportation. This split typically reflects the difference in equipment used. 

 Scenic and sightseeing water transportation services are not included in this subsector but are included in 

Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation. Although these activities use watercraft, they are different 

from the activities included in water transportation. Water sightseeing does not usually involve place-to-place 

transportation; the passenger's trip starts and ends at the same location. 

4831 Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water TransportationT 

48311 Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water TransportationT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing deep sea, coastal, Great Lakes, and St. 

Lawrence Seaway water transportation. Marine transportation establishments using the facilities of the St. 

Lawrence Seaway Authority Commission are considered to be using the Great Lakes Water Transportation System. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing inland water transportation on lakes, rivers, or intracoastal waterways (except on the Great Lakes 

System)--are classified in Industry 48321, Inland Water Transportation; 

 Providing scenic and sightseeing water transportation, such as harbor cruises--are classified in Industry 

48721, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water; and 

 Operating floating casinos (i.e., gambling cruises, river boat gambling casinos)--are classified in Industry 

71321, Casinos (except Casino Hotels). 

483111 Deep Sea Freight Transportation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing deep sea transportation of cargo to or 

from foreign ports. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing deep sea transportation of cargo to and from domestic ports are 

classified in U.S. Industry 483113, Coastal and Great Lakes Freight Transportation. 

483112 Deep Sea Passenger Transportation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing deep sea transportation of passengers 

to or from foreign ports. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing deep sea transportation of passengers to and from domestic ports--are classified in U.S. Industry 

483114, Coastal and Great Lakes Passenger Transportation; and 

 Operating floating casinos (i.e., gambling cruises)--are classified in Industry 713210, Casinos (except 

Casino Hotels). 

483113 Coastal and Great Lakes Freight Transportation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing water transportation of cargo in 

coastal waters, on the Great Lakes System, or deep seas between ports of the United States, Puerto Rico, and United 

States island possessions or protectorates. Marine transportation establishments using the facilities of the St. 

Lawrence Seaway Authority Commission are considered to be using the Great Lakes Water Transportation System. 

Establishments primarily engaged in providing coastal and/or Great Lakes barge transportation services are included 

in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Providing deep sea transportation of cargo to or from foreign ports--are classified in U.S. Industry 483111, 

Deep Sea Freight Transportation; and 

 Providing inland water transportation of cargo on lakes, rivers, or intracoastal waterways (except on the 

Great Lakes System)--are classified in U.S. Industry 483211, Inland Water Freight Transportation. 

483114 Coastal and Great Lakes Passenger Transportation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing water transportation of passengers in 

coastal waters, the Great Lakes System, or deep seas between ports of the United States, Puerto Rico, and United 

States island possessions and protectorates. Marine transportation establishments using the facilities of the St. 

Lawrence Seaway Authority Commission are considered to be using the Great Lakes Water Transportation System. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing inland water transportation of passengers on lakes, rivers or intracoastal waterways (except on 

the Great Lakes System)--are classified in U.S. Industry 483212, Inland Water Passenger Transportation; 

 Providing scenic and sightseeing water transportation, such as harbor cruises--are classified in Industry 

487210, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water; and 

 Operating floating casinos (i.e., gambling cruises)--are classified in Industry 713210, Casinos (except 

Casino Hotels). 

4832 Inland Water TransportationT 

48321 Inland Water TransportationT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing inland water transportation of passengers 

and/or cargo on lakes, rivers, or intracoastal waterways (except on the Great Lakes System). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing water transportation in deep sea, coastal, or on the Great Lakes System--are classified in Industry 

Group 4831, Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water Transportation; 

 Providing scenic and sightseeing water transportation, such as harbor cruises--are classified in Industry 

48721, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water; and 

 Operating floating casinos (i.e., gambling cruises, river boat gambling casinos)--are classified in Industry 

71321, Casinos (except Casino Hotels). 

483211 Inland Water Freight Transportation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing inland water transportation of cargo 

on lakes, rivers, or intracoastal waterways (except on the Great Lakes System). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing deep sea transportation of cargo to and from foreign ports--are classified in U.S. Industry 

483111, Deep Sea Freight Transportation; and 

 Providing water transportation of cargo in coastal waters or on the Great Lakes System--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 483113, Coastal and Great Lakes Freight Transportation. 

483212 Inland Water Passenger Transportation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing inland water transportation of 

passengers on lakes, rivers, or intracoastal waterways (except on the Great Lakes System). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Providing deep sea transportation of passengers to and from foreign ports--are classified in U.S. Industry 

483112, Deep Sea Passenger Transportation; 

 Operating cruise ships or ferries in coastal waters or on the Great Lakes System--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 483114, Coastal and Great Lakes Passenger Transportation; and 

 Providing scenic and sightseeing water transportation, such as harbor cruises--are classified in Industry 

487210, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water. 

484 Truck TransportationT 

 Industries in the Truck Transportation subsector provide over-the-road transportation of cargo using motor 

vehicles, such as trucks and tractor trailers. The subsector is subdivided into general freight trucking and specialized 

freight trucking. This distinction reflects differences in equipment used, type of load carried, scheduling, terminal, 

and other networking services. General freight transportation establishments handle a wide variety of general 

commodities, generally palletized, and transported in a container or van trailer. Specialized freight transportation is 

the transportation of cargo that, because of size, weight, shape, or other inherent characteristics require specialized 

equipment for transportation. 

 Each of these industry groups is further subdivided based on distance traveled. Local trucking establishments 

primarily carry goods within a single metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas. Long distance trucking 

establishments carry goods between metropolitan areas. 

 The Specialized Freight Trucking industry group includes a separate industry for Used Household and Office 

Goods Moving. The household and office goods movers are separated because of the substantial network of 

establishments that has developed to deal with local and long-distance moving and the associated storage. In this 

area, the same establishment provides both local and long-distance services, while other specialized freight 

establishments generally limit their services to either local or long-distance hauling. 

4841 General Freight TruckingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing general freight trucking. General 

freight establishments handle a wide variety of commodities, generally palletized, and transported in a container or 

van trailer. The establishments of this industry group provide a combination of the following network activities: 

local pickup, local sorting and terminal operations, line-haul, destination sorting and terminal operations, and local 

delivery. 

48411 General Freight Trucking, LocalT 

See industry description for 484110 below. 

484110 General Freight Trucking, Local 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing local general freight trucking. General 

freight establishments handle a wide variety of commodities, generally palletized and transported in a container or 

van trailer. Local general freight trucking establishments usually provide trucking within a metropolitan area which 

may cross state lines. Generally the trips are same-day return. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating independent trucking terminals--are classified in Industry 488490, Other Support Activities for 

Road Transportation; and 

 Providing general freight long-distance trucking including all North American international travel--are 

classified in Industry 48412, General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance. 

48412 General Freight Trucking, Long-DistanceT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing long-distance general freight trucking. 

General freight establishments handle a wide variety of commodities, generally palletized and transported in a 

container or van trailer. Long-distance general freight trucking establishments usually provide trucking between 
metropolitan areas which may cross North American country borders. Included in this industry are establishments 

operating as truckload (TL) or less than truckload (LTL) carriers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing courier services--are classified in Industry 49211, Couriers and Express Delivery Services; 

 Providing warehousing services of general freight--are classified in Industry 49311, General Warehousing 

and Storage; 

 Providing specialized freight trucking--are classified in Industry Group 4842, Specialized Freight Trucking; 

 Operating independent trucking terminals--are classified in Industry 48849, Other Support Activities for 

Road Transportation; and 

 Providing local general freight trucking services--are classified in Industry 48411, General Freight 

Trucking, Local. 

484121 General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance, Truckload 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing long-distance general freight 

truckload (TL) trucking. These long-distance general freight truckload carrier establishments provide full truck 

movement of freight from origin to destination. The shipment of freight on a truck is characterized as a full single 

load not combined with other shipments. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing general freight long-distance, less than truckload trucking--are classified in U.S. Industry 

484122, General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance, Less Than Truckload; 

 Providing specialized freight trucking--are classified in Industry Group 4842, Specialized Freight Trucking; 

 Operating independent trucking terminals--are classified in Industry 488490, Other Support Activities for 

Road Transportation; and 

 Providing local general freight trucking services--are classified in Industry 484110, General Freight 

Trucking, Local. 

484122 General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance, Less Than Truckload 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing long-distance, general freight, less 

than truckload (LTL) trucking. LTL carriage is characterized as multiple shipments combined onto a single truck 

for multiple deliveries within a network. These establishments are generally characterized by the following network 

activities: local pickup, local sorting and terminal operations, line-haul, destination sorting and terminal operations, 

and local delivery. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing courier services--are classified in Industry 492110, Couriers and Express Delivery Services; 

 Providing warehousing services of general freight--are classified in Industry 493110, General Warehousing 

and Storage; 

 Providing specialized freight trucking--are classified in Industry Group 4842, Specialized Freight Trucking; 

 Operating independent trucking terminals--are classified in Industry 488490, Other Support Activities for 

Road Transportation; 

 Providing general freight long-distance truckload trucking--are classified in U.S. Industry 484121, General 

Freight Trucking, Long-Distance, Truckload; and 

 Providing local general freight trucking services--are classified in Industry 484110, General Freight 

Trucking, Local. 

4842 Specialized Freight TruckingT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing local or long-distance specialized 

freight trucking. The establishments of this industry are primarily engaged in the transportation of freight which, 
because of size, weight, shape, or other inherent characteristics, requires specialized equipment, such as flatbeds, 

tankers, or refrigerated trailers. This industry includes the transportation of used household, institutional, and 

commercial furniture and equipment. 

48421 Used Household and Office Goods MovingT 

See industry description for 484210 below. 

484210 Used Household and Office Goods Moving

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing local or long-distance trucking of used 

household, used institutional, or used commercial furniture and equipment. Incidental packing and storage activities 

are often provided by these establishments. 

48422 Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, LocalT 

See industry description for 484220 below. 

484220 Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing local, specialized trucking. Local trucking 

establishments provide trucking within a metropolitan area that may cross state lines. Generally the trips are sameday return. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Local agricultural products trucking 

Local dump trucking (e.g., gravel, sand, top-soil) 

Local boat hauling 

Local livestock trucking 

Local bulk liquids trucking 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing long-distance specialized freight (except used goods) trucking including all North American 

international travel--are classified in Industry 484230, Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, 

Long-Distance; 

 Providing local general freight trucking--are classified in Industry 484110, General Freight Trucking, 

Local; 

 Providing trucking of used household and office goods--are classified in Industry 484210, Used Household 

and Office Goods Moving; and 

 Providing waste collection--are classified in Industry Group 5621, Waste Collection. 

48423 Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-DistanceT 

See industry description for 484230 below. 

484230 Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing long-distance specialized trucking. These 

establishments provide trucking between metropolitan areas that may cross North American country borders. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Long-distance automobile carrier trucking 

Long-distance refrigerated product trucking 

Long-distance bulk liquid trucking 

Long-distance trucking of waste 

Long-distance hazardous material trucking 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing local specialized freight trucking (except used goods)--are classified in Industry 484220, 

Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local; 

 Providing long-distance general freight trucking including all North American international travel--are 

classified in Industry 48412, General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance; 

 Providing trucking of used household and office goods--are classified in Industry 484210, Used Household 

and Office Goods Moving; and 

 Collecting and/or hauling hazardous waste, nonhazardous waste, and/or recyclable materials within a local 

area--are classified in Industry 56211, Waste Collection. 

485 Transit and Ground Passenger TransportationT 

 Industries in the Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation subsector include a variety of passenger 

transportation activities, such as urban transit systems; chartered bus, school bus, and interurban bus transportation; 

and taxis. These activities are distinguished based primarily on such production process factors as vehicle types, 

routes, and schedules. 

 In this subsector, the principal splits identify scheduled transportation as separate from nonscheduled 

transportation. The scheduled transportation industry groups are Urban Transit Systems, Interurban and Rural Bus 

Transportation, and School and Employee Bus Transportation. The nonscheduled industry groups are the Charter 

Bus Industry and Taxi and Limousine Service. The Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation industry 

group includes both scheduled and nonscheduled transportation. 

 Scenic and sightseeing ground transportation services are not included in this subsector but are included in 

Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation. Sightseeing does not usually involve place-to-place 

transportation; the passenger's trip starts and ends at the same location. 

4851 Urban Transit SystemsT 

48511 Urban Transit SystemsT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating local and suburban passenger transit 

systems over regular routes and on regular schedules within a metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas. 

Such transportation systems involve the use of one or more modes of transport including light rail, commuter rail, 

subways, and streetcars, as well as buses and other motor vehicles. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing scenic and sightseeing transportation--are classified in Industry 48711, Scenic and Sightseeing 

Transportation, Land; 

 Providing support services to transit and ground transportation--are classified in Industry Group 4884, 

Support Activities for Road Transportation; and 

 Providing interurban and rural bus transportation--are classified in Industry 48521, Interurban and Rural 

Bus Transportation. 

485111 Mixed Mode Transit Systems 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating local and suburban ground passenger 

transit systems using more than one mode of transport over regular routes and on regular schedules within a 

metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating local and suburban passenger transit systems using only one mode of transportation--are 

classified according to the mode of transport; and 
 Providing support services to transit and ground passenger transportation--are classified in Industry Group 

4884, Support Activities for Road Transportation. 

485112 Commuter Rail Systems 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating local and suburban commuter rail 

systems over regular routes and on a regular schedule within a metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas. 

Commuter rail is usually characterized by reduced fares, multiple ride, and commutation tickets and mostly used by 

passengers during the morning and evening peak periods. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating local and suburban mass passenger transit systems using both commuter rail and another mode 

of transport--are classified in U.S. Industry 485111, Mixed Mode Transit Systems; 

 Operating a subway system--are classified in U.S. Industry 485119, Other Urban Transit Systems; and 

 Providing scenic and sightseeing transportation on land--are classified in Industry 487110, Scenic and 

Sightseeing Transportation, Land. 

485113 Bus and Other Motor Vehicle Transit Systems 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating local and suburban passenger 

transportation systems using buses or other motor vehicles over regular routes and on regular schedules within a 

metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating local and suburban passenger transportation systems using both a bus or other motor vehicle and 

another mode of transport--are classified in U.S. Industry 485111, Mixed Mode Transit Systems; 

 Providing interurban and rural bus transportation--are classified in Industry 485210, Interurban and Rural 

Bus Transportation; and 

 Providing scenic and sightseeing transportation using buses or other motor vehicles--are classified in 

Industry 487110, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land. 

485119 Other Urban Transit Systems 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating local and suburban ground passenger 

transit systems (except mixed mode transit systems, commuter rail systems, and buses and other motor vehicles) 

over regular routes and on regular schedules within a metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Commuter cable car systems (i.e., stand-alone) 

Light rail systems (i.e., stand-alone) 

Commuter tramway systems (i.e., stand-alone) 

Monorail transit systems (i.e., stand-alone) 

Commuter trolley systems (i.e., stand-alone) 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating local and suburban ground passenger transit systems using more than one mode of transport--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 485111, Mixed Mode Transit Systems; 

 Providing local and suburban passenger transportation using commuter rail systems--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 485112, Commuter Rail Systems; and 

 Operating local and suburban bus transit systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 485113, Bus and Other 

Motor Vehicle Transit Systems. 
4852 Interurban and Rural Bus TransportationT 

48521 Interurban and Rural Bus TransportationT 

See industry description for 485210 below. 

485210 Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing bus passenger transportation over regular 

routes and on regular schedules, principally outside a single metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing scenic and sightseeing transportation using buses--are classified in Industry 487110, Scenic and 

Sightseeing Transportation, Land; 

 Providing buses for charter--are classified in Industry 485510, Charter Bus Industry; 

 Operating local and suburban bus transit systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 485113, Bus and Other 

Motor Vehicle Transit Systems; and 

 Operating independent bus terminals--are classified in Industry 488490, Other Support Activities for Road 

Transportation. 

4853 Taxi and Limousine ServiceT 

48531 Taxi ServiceT 

See industry description for 485310 below. 

485310 Taxi Service 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing passenger transportation by automobile or 

van, not operated over regular routes and on regular schedules. Establishments of taxicab owner/operators, taxicab 

fleet operators, or taxicab organizations are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing special needs transportation services (except to and from school or work) for the infirm, elderly, 

or handicapped--are classified in U.S. Industry 485991, Special Needs Transportation; 

 Providing limousine services--are classified in Industry 485320, Limousine Service; and 

 Providing scheduled shuttle services between hotels, airports, or other destination points--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 485999, All Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation. 

48532 Limousine ServiceT 

See industry description for 485320 below. 

485320 Limousine Service

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing an array of specialty and luxury passenger 

transportation services via limousine or luxury sedans generally on a reserved basis. These establishments do not 

operate over regular routes and on regular schedules. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing taxi services--are classified in Industry 485310, Taxi Service; and 

 Providing scheduled shuttle services between hotels, airports, or other destination points--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 485999, All Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation. 

4854 School and Employee Bus TransportationT 
48541 School and Employee Bus TransportationT 

See industry description for 485410 below. 

485410 School and Employee Bus Transportation

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing buses and other motor vehicles to transport 

pupils to and from school or employees to and from work. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating local and suburban bus transit systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 485113, Bus and Other 

Motor Vehicle Transit Systems; 

 Providing interurban and rural bus transportation--are classified in Industry 485210, Interurban and Rural 

Bus Transportation; and 

 Providing buses for charter--are classified in Industry 485510, Charter Bus Industry. 

4855 Charter Bus IndustryT 

48551 Charter Bus IndustryT 

See industry description for 485510 below. 

485510 Charter Bus Industry

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing buses for charter. These establishments 

provide bus services to meet customers' road transportation needs and generally do not operate over fixed routes and 

on regular schedules. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing scenic and local sightseeing transportation using buses--are classified in Industry 487110, Scenic 

and Sightseeing Transportation, Land; and 

 Providing interurban and rural bus transportation--are classified in Industry 485210, Interurban and Rural 

Bus Transportation. 

4859 Other Transit and Ground Passenger TransportationT 

48599 Other Transit and Ground Passenger TransportationT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing other transit and ground passenger 

transportation (except urban transit systems, interurban and rural bus transportation, taxi services, school and 

employee bus transportation, charter bus services, and limousine services (except shuttle services)). Shuttle services 

(except employee bus) and special needs transportation services are included in this industry. Shuttle services 

establishments generally travel within a metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas on regular routes, on 

regular schedules and provide services between hotels, airports, or other destination points. Special Needs 

Transportation establishments provide passenger transportation to the infirm, elderly, or handicapped. These 

establishments may use specially equipped vehicles to provide passenger transportation. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing school or employee bus transportation for the infirm, elderly, or handicapped--are classified in 

Industry 48541, School and Employee Bus Transportation; 

 Providing ambulance services for emergency and medical purposes--are classified in Industry 62191, 

Ambulance Services; 

 Operating urban transit systems--are classified in Industry Group 4851, Urban Transit Systems; 

 Providing interurban and rural bus transportation--are classified in Industry 48521, Interurban and Rural 

Bus Transportation; 
 Providing taxi services and/or limousine services (except shuttle services)--are classified in Industry Group 

4853, Taxi and Limousine Service; and 

 Providing buses for charter--are classified in Industry 48551, Charter Bus Industry. 

485991 Special Needs Transportation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing special needs transportation (except 

to and from school or work) to the infirm, elderly, or handicapped. These establishments may use specially 

equipped vehicles to provide passenger transportation. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing school or employee bus transportation for the infirm, elderly, or handicapped--are classified in 

Industry 485410, School and Employee Bus Transportation; and 

 Providing ambulance services for emergency and medical purposes--are classified in Industry 621910, 

Ambulance Services. 

485999 All Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing ground passenger transportation 

(except urban transit systems; interurban and rural bus transportation, taxi and/or limousine services (except shuttle 

services), school and employee bus transportation, charter bus services, and special needs transportation). 

Establishments primarily engaged in operating shuttle services and vanpools are included in this industry. Shuttle 

services establishments generally provide travel on regular routes and on regular schedules between hotels, airports, 

or other destination points. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating urban transit systems--are classified in Industry Group 4851, Urban Transit Systems; 

 Providing interurban and rural bus transportation--are classified in Industry 485210, Interurban and Rural 

Bus Transportation; 

 Providing taxi and/or limousine services (except shuttle services)--are classified in Industry Group 4853, 

Taxi and Limousine Service; 

 Providing school and employee bus transportation (including for the infirm, elderly, or handicapped)--are 

classified in Industry 485410, School and Employee Bus Transportation; 

 Providing buses for charter--are classified in Industry 485510, Charter Bus Industry; 

 Providing special needs transportation (except to and from school or work) for the infirm, elderly, or 

handicapped--are classified in U.S. Industry 485991, Special Needs Transportation; and 

 Providing ambulance services for emergency and medical purposes--are classified in Industry 621910, 

Ambulance Services. 

486 Pipeline TransportationT 

 Industries in the Pipeline Transportation subsector use transmission pipelines to transport products, such as crude 

oil, natural gas, refined petroleum products, and slurry. Industries are identified based on the products transported 

(i.e., pipeline transportation of crude oil, natural gas, refined petroleum products, and other products). 

 The Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas industry includes the storage of natural gas because the storage is 

usually done by the pipeline establishment and because a pipeline is inherently a network in which all the nodes are 

interdependent. 

4861 Pipeline Transportation of Crude OilT 

48611 Pipeline Transportation of Crude OilT 

See industry description for 486110 below. 

486110 Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the pipeline transportation of crude oil. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing the pipeline transportation of natural gas--are classified in Industry 486210, Pipeline 

Transportation of Natural Gas; and 

 Providing the pipeline transportation of refined petroleum products--are classified in Industry 486910, 

Pipeline Transportation of Refined Petroleum Products. 

4862 Pipeline Transportation of Natural GasT 

48621 Pipeline Transportation of Natural GasT 

See industry description for 486210 below. 

486210 Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the pipeline transportation of natural gas from 

processing plants to local distribution systems. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing natural gas to the end consumer are classified in Industry 221210, 

Natural Gas Distribution. 

4869 Other Pipeline TransportationT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the pipeline transportation of products (except 

crude oil and natural gas). 

48691 Pipeline Transportation of Refined Petroleum ProductsT 

See industry description for 486910 below. 

486910 Pipeline Transportation of Refined Petroleum Products

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the pipeline transportation of refined petroleum 

products. 

48699 All Other Pipeline TransportationT 

See industry description for 486990 below. 

486990 All Other Pipeline Transportation

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the pipeline transportation of products except crude 

oil, natural gas, and refined petroleum products. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing pipeline transportation of crude oil--are classified in Industry 486110, Pipeline Transportation of 

Crude Oil; 

 Providing pipeline transportation of natural gas--are classified in Industry 486210, Pipeline Transportation 

of Natural Gas; 

 Providing pipeline transportation of refined petroleum products--are classified in Industry 486910, Pipeline 

Transportation of Refined Petroleum Products; and 

 Operating water distribution systems--are classified in Industry 221310, Water Supply and Irrigation 

Systems. 
487 Scenic and Sightseeing TransportationT 

 Industries in the Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation subsector utilize transportation equipment to provide 

recreation and entertainment. These activities have a production process distinct from passenger transportation 

carried out for the purpose of other types of for-hire transportation. This process does not emphasize efficient 

transportation; in fact, such activities often use obsolete vehicles, such as steam trains, to provide some extra 

ambience. The activity is local in nature, usually involving a same-day return to the point of departure. 

 The Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation subsector is separated into three industries based on the mode: land, 

water, and other. 

 Activities that are recreational in nature and involve participation by the customer, such as white-water rafting, are 

generally excluded from this subsector, unless they impose an impact on part of the transportation system. Charter 

boat fishing, for example, is included in the Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water industry. 

4871 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, LandT 

48711 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, LandT 

See industry description for 487110 below. 

487110 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing scenic and sightseeing transportation on 

land, such as sightseeing buses and trolleys, steam train excursions, and horse-drawn sightseeing rides. The services 

provided are usually local and involve same-day return to place of origin. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating aerial trams or aerial cable cars--are classified in Industry 487990, Scenic and Sightseeing 

Transportation, Other; 

 Providing sporting services, such as pack trains--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement 

and Recreation Industries; 

 Providing intercity and rural bus transportation--are classified in Industry 485210, Interurban and Rural 

Bus Transportation; 

 Providing buses for charter--are classified in Industry 485510, Charter Bus Industry; 

 Operating local and suburban passenger transit systems--are classified in Industry 48511, Urban Transit 

Systems; and 

 Providing passenger travel arrangements and tours--are classified in Industry Group 5615, Travel 

Arrangement and Reservation Services. 

4872 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, WaterT 

48721 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, WaterT 

See industry description for 487210 below. 

487210 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing scenic and sightseeing transportation on 

water. The services provided are usually local and involve same-day return to place of origin. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Airboat (i.e., swamp buggy) operation 

Excursion boat operation 

Charter fishing boat services 

Harbor sightseeing tours 

Dinner cruises 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing recreation services, such as fishing guides, white-water rafting, parasailing, and water skiing--are 

classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries; 

 Providing water taxi services--are classified in Industry 48321, Inland Water Transportation; 

 Providing water transportation of passengers--are classified in Subsector 483, Water Transportation; 

 Operating floating casinos (i.e., gambling cruises or river boat casinos)--are classified in Industry 713210, 

Casinos (except Casino Hotels); and 

 Providing boat rental without operators--are classified in U.S. Industry 532292, Recreational Goods Rental. 

4879 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, OtherT 

48799 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, OtherT 

See industry description for 487990 below. 

487990 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing scenic and sightseeing transportation 

(except on land and water). The services provided are usually local and involve same-day return to place of 

departure. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Aerial cable cars, scenic and sightseeing operation 

Helicopter rides, scenic and sightseeing operation 

Aerial tramways, scenic and sightseeing operation 

Hot air balloon rides, scenic and sightseeing operation 

Glider excursions 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing recreational activities, such as hang gliding--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other 

Amusement and Recreation Industries; and 

 Providing scheduled or nonscheduled air transportation of passengers or specialty flying services--are 

classified in Subsector 481, Air Transportation. 

488 Support Activities for TransportationT 

 Industries in the Support Activities for Transportation subsector provide services which support transportation. 

These services may be provided to transportation carrier establishments or to the general public. This subsector 

includes a wide array of establishments, including air traffic control services, marine cargo handling, and motor 

vehicle towing. 

 The Support Activities for Transportation subsector includes services to transportation but is separated by type of 

mode serviced. The Support Activities for Rail Transportation industry includes services to the rail industry (e.g., 

railroad switching and terminal establishments). 

 Ship repair and maintenance not done in a shipyard are included in Other Support Activities for Water 

Transportation. An example would be floating drydock services in a harbor. 

 Excluded from this subsector are establishments primarily engaged in providing factory conversion and overhaul 

of transportation equipment, which are classified in Subsector 336, Transportation Equipment Manufacturing. Also, 

establishments primarily engaged in providing rental and leasing of transportation equipment without operator are 

classified in Subsector 532, Rental and Leasing Services. 

4881 Support Activities for Air TransportationT 
 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing services to the air transportation 

industry. These services include airport operation, servicing, repairing (except factory conversion and overhaul of 

aircraft), maintaining and storing aircraft, and ferrying aircraft. 

48811 Airport OperationsT 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) operating international, national, or civil airports 

or public flying fields or (2) supporting airport operations (except special food services contractors), such as rental 

of hangar space, air traffic control services, baggage handling services, and cargo handling services. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing factory conversion, overhaul, and rebuilding of aircraft--are classified in Industry 33641, 

Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing; 

 Wholesaling fuel at airports--are classified in Industry 42472, Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant 

Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals); 

 Providing airport janitorial services--are classified in Industry 56172, Janitorial Services; and 

 Providing food services at airports on a contractual arrangement (i.e., food service contractors)--are 

classified in Industry 72231, Food Service Contractors. 

488111 Air Traffic Control

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air traffic control services to regulate 

the flow of air traffic. 

488119 Other Airport Operations 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) operating international, national, or civil 

airports, or public flying fields or (2) supporting airport operations, such as rental of hangar space, and providing 

baggage handling and/or cargo handling services. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing air traffic control services--are classified in U.S. Industry 488111, Air Traffic Control; 

 Providing factory conversion, overhaul, and rebuilding of aircraft--are classified in Industry 33641, 

Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing; 

 Wholesaling fuel at airports--are classified in Industry 424720, Petroleum and Petroleum Products 

Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals); 

 Providing airport janitorial services--are classified in Industry 561720, Janitorial Services; and 

 Providing food services at airports on a contractual arrangement--are classified in Industry 722310, Food 

Service Contractors. 

48819 Other Support Activities for Air TransportationT 

See industry description for 488190 below. 

488190 Other Support Activities for Air Transportation

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing specialized services for air transportation 

(except air traffic control and other airport operations). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Aircraft maintenance and repair services (except factory conversions, overhauls, rebuilding) 

Aircraft testing services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Wholesaling fuel at airports--are classified in Industry 424720, Petroleum and Petroleum Products 

Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals); 

 Providing aircraft janitorial services--are classified in Industry 561720, Janitorial Services; 

 Providing air traffic control services--are classified in U.S. Industry 488111, Air Traffic Control; 

 Providing airport operations (except air traffic control)--are classified in U.S. Industry 488119, Other 

Airport Operations; 

 Providing factory conversion, overhaul, and rebuilding of aircraft--are classified in Industry 33641, 

Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing; and 

 Providing food services to airlines on a contractual arrangement--are classified in Industry 722310, Food 

Service Contractors. 

4882 Support Activities for Rail TransportationT 

48821 Support Activities for Rail TransportationT

See industry description for 488210 below. 

488210 Support Activities for Rail Transportation 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing specialized services for railroad 

transportation including servicing, routine repairing (except factory conversion, overhaul or rebuilding of rolling 

stock), and maintaining rail cars; loading and unloading rail cars; and operating independent terminals. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing railroad car rental--are classified in U.S. Industry 532411, Commercial Air, Rail, and Water 

Transportation Equipment Rental and Leasing; 

 Factory conversion, overhaul, or rebuilding of railroad rolling stock--are classified in Industry 336510, 

Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing; and 

 Providing rail car janitorial services--are classified in Industry 561720, Janitorial Services. 

4883 Support Activities for Water TransportationT

48831 Port and Harbor OperationsT

See industry description for 488310 below. 

488310 Port and Harbor Operations 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating ports, harbors (including docking and pier 

facilities), or canals. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing stevedoring and other marine cargo handling services--are classified in Industry 488320, Marine 

Cargo Handling; 

 Providing navigational services to shipping--are classified in Industry 488330, Navigational Services to 

Shipping; and 

 Operating docking and/or storage facilities and commonly known as marinas--are classified in Industry 

713930, Marinas. 

48832 Marine Cargo HandlingT

See industry description for 488320 below. 

488320 Marine Cargo Handling 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing stevedoring and other marine cargo 

handling services (except warehousing). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Preparing freight for transportation--are classified in U.S. Industry 488991, Packing and Crating; 

 Operating general merchandise, refrigerated, or other warehousing and storage facilities--are classified in 

Subsector 493, Warehousing and Storage; and 

 Operating docking and pier facilities--are classified in Industry 488310, Port and Harbor Operations. 

48833 Navigational Services to ShippingT

See industry description for 488330 below. 

488330 Navigational Services to Shipping 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing navigational services to shipping. Marine 

salvage establishments are included in this industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Docking and undocking marine vessel services 

Piloting services, water transportation 

Marine vessel traffic reporting services 

Tugboat services, harbor operation 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing water transportation of barges (except coastal or Great Lakes barge transportation services)--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 483211, Inland Water Freight Transportation; and 

 Providing coastal and/or Great Lakes barge transportation services--are classified in U.S. Industry 483113, 

Coastal and Great Lakes Freight Transportation. 

48839 Other Support Activities for Water TransportationT

See industry description for 488390 below. 

488390 Other Support Activities for Water Transportation 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing services to water transportation (except 

port and harbor operations; marine cargo handling services; and navigational services to shipping). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Floating drydocks (i.e., maintenance and routine repairs for ships) 

Ship scaling services 

Marine cargo checkers and surveyors 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Ship painting--are classified in Industry 238320, Painting and Wall Covering Contractors; 

 Providing ship janitorial services--are classified in Industry 561720, Janitorial Services; 

 Operating port, harbor, or canal facilities--are classified in Industry 488310, Port and Harbor Operations; 

 Providing dredging services--are classified in Industry 237990, Other Heavy and Civil Engineering 

Construction; 

 Providing stevedoring and other marine cargo handling services--are classified in Industry 488320, Marine 

Cargo Handling; 
 Providing navigational services to shipping--are classified in Industry 488330, Navigational Services to 

Shipping; and 

 Providing ship overhauling or repairs in a shipyard--are classified in U.S. Industry 336611, Ship Building 

and Repairing. 

4884 Support Activities for Road TransportationT

48841 Motor Vehicle TowingT

See industry description for 488410 below. 

488410 Motor Vehicle Towing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in towing light or heavy motor vehicles, both local and 

long distance. These establishments may provide incidental services, such as storage and emergency road repair 

services. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating gasoline stations--are classified in Industry Group 4471, Gasoline Stations; 

 Providing automotive repair and maintenance--are classified in Industry Group 8111, Automotive Repair 

and Maintenance; and 

 Both retailing automotive parts and accessories, and repairing automobiles and known as automotive 

supply stores--are classified in Industry 441310, Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores. 

48849 Other Support Activities for Road TransportationT 

See industry description for 488490 below. 

488490 Other Support Activities for Road Transportation 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing services (except motor vehicle towing) to 

road network users. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bridge, tunnel, and highway operations 

Pilot car services (i.e., wide load warning services) 

Driving services (e.g., automobile, truck delivery) 

Truck or weighing station operations 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing automotive repair and maintenance--are classified in Industry Group 8111, Automotive Repair 

and Maintenance; 

 Providing towing services to motor vehicles--are classified in Industry 488410, Motor Vehicle Towing; 

 Providing a network for busing in combination with providing terminal services--are classified in Industry 

485210, Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation; and 

 Providing a network for trucking in combination with providing terminal services--are classified in 

Subsector 484, Truck Transportation. 

4885 Freight Transportation ArrangementT

48851 Freight Transportation ArrangementT

See industry description for 488510 below. 

488510 Freight Transportation Arrangement 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in arranging transportation of freight between shippers 

and carriers. These establishments are usually known as freight forwarders, marine shipping agents, or customs 

brokers and offer a combination of services spanning transportation modes. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in tariff and freight rate consulting services are classified in U.S. Industry 

541614, Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services. 

4889 Other Support Activities for TransportationT

48899 Other Support Activities for TransportationT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing support activities to transportation (except 

for air transportation; rail transportation; water transportation; road transportation; and freight transportation 

arrangement). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Arrangement of vanpools or carpools 

Stockyards (i.e., not for fattening or selling livestock) 

Independent pipeline terminal facilities 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing support activities for air transportation--are classified in Industry Group 4881, Support Activities 

for Air Transportation; 

 Providing support activities for rail transportation--are classified in Industry Group 4882, Support 

Activities for Rail Transportation; 

 Providing support activities for water transportation--are classified in Industry Group 4883, Support 

Activities for Water Transportation; 

 Providing support activities for road transportation--are classified in Industry Group 4884, Support 

Activities for Road Transportation; 

 Arranging transportation of freight between shippers and carriers--are classified in Industry 48851, Freight 

Transportation Arrangement; 

 Providing tariff and freight rate consulting services--are classified in Industry 54161, Management 

Consulting Services; 

 Operating stockyards for fattening livestock--are classified in Subsector 112, Animal Production and 

Aquaculture; and 

 Providing packaging and labeling services--are classified in Industry 56191, Packaging and Labeling 

Services. 

488991 Packing and Crating 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in packing, crating, and otherwise preparing goods 

for transportation. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing packaging and labeling services are classified in Industry 561910, 

Packaging and Labeling Services. 

488999 All Other Support Activities for Transportation 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing support activities to transportation 

(except for air transportation; rail transportation; water transportation; road transportation; freight transportation 

arrangement; and packing and crating). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Arrangement of vanpools or carpools 

Stockyards (i.e., not for fattening or selling livestock) 

Independent pipeline terminal facilities 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating stockyards for fattening livestock--are classified in Subsector 112, Animal Production and 

Aquaculture; 

 Providing tariff and freight rate consulting services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541614, Process, 

Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; 

 Providing packing and crating services for transportation--are classified in U.S. Industry 488991, Packing 

and Crating; 

 Providing support activities for air transportation--are classified in Industry Group 4881, Support Activities 

for Air Transportation; 

 Providing support activities for rail transportation--are classified in Industry 488210, Support Activities for 

Rail Transportation; 

 Providing support activities for water transportation--are classified in Industry Group 4883, Support 

Activities for Water Transportation; 

 Providing support activities for road transportation--are classified in Industry Group 4884, Support 

Activities for Road Transportation; and 

 Arranging transportation of freight between shippers and carriers--are classified in Industry 488510, Freight 

Transportation Arrangement. 

491 Postal ServiceT 

 The Postal Service subsector includes the activities of the National Post Office and its subcontractors operating 

under a universal service obligation to provide mail services, and using the infrastructure required to fulfill that 

obligation. These services include delivering letters and small parcels. These articles can be described as those that 

can be handled by one person without using special equipment. This allows the collection, pick-up, and delivery 

operations to be done with limited labor costs and minimal equipment. Sorting and transportation activities, where 

necessary, are generally mechanized. The restriction to small parcels distinguishes these establishments from those 

in the transportation industries. These establishments may also provide express delivery services using the 

infrastructure established for provision of basic mail services. 

 The traditional activity of the National Postal Service is described in this subsector. Subcontractors include rural 

post offices on contract to the Postal Service. 

 Bulk transportation of mail on contract to the Postal Service is not included here, because it is usually done by 

transportation establishments that carry other customers' cargo as well. Establishments that provide courier and 

express delivery services without operating under a universal service obligation are classified in subsector 492, 

Couriers and Messengers. 

4911 Postal ServiceT

49111 Postal ServiceT

See industry description for 491110 below. 

491110 Postal Service 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing mail services under a universal service 

obligation. Mail services include the carriage of letters, printed matter, or mailable packages, including acceptance, 

collection, processing, and delivery. Due to the infrastructure requirements of providing mail service under a 
universal service obligation, postal service establishments often provide parcel and express delivery services in 

addition to the mail service. Establishments primarily engaged in performing one or more parts of the basic mail 

service, such as sorting, routing and/or delivery (except bulk transportation of mail) are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing bulk transportation of mail on a contract basis to and from postal service establishments--are 

classified in Industry Group 4841, General Freight Trucking; 

 Providing services outside of the basic mail service, such as mail presort, mail consolidation, or address bar 

coding services, on a contract or fee basis--are classified in U.S. Industry 561499, All Other Business 

Support Services; 

 Providing courier services--are classified in Industry 492110, Couriers and Express Delivery Services; 

 Providing mailbox services along with other business services--are classified in U.S. Industry 561431, 

Private Mail Centers; and 

 Providing local messenger and delivery services--are classified in Industry 492210, Local Messengers and 

Local Delivery. 

492 Couriers and MessengersT

 Industries in the Couriers and Messengers subsector provide intercity, local, and/or international delivery of 

parcels and documents (including express delivery services) without operating under a universal service obligation. 

These articles may originate in the U.S. but be delivered to another country and can be described as those that may 

be handled by one person without using special equipment. This allows the collection, pick-up, and delivery 

operations to be done with limited labor costs and minimal equipment. Sorting and transportation activities, where 

necessary, are generally mechanized. The restriction to small parcels partly distinguishes these establishments from 

those in the transportation industries. The complete network of courier services establishments also distinguishes 

these transportation services from local messenger and delivery establishments in this subsector. This includes the 

establishments that perform intercity transportation as well as establishments that, under contract to them, perform 

local pick-up and delivery. Messengers, which usually deliver within a metropolitan or single urban area, may use 

bicycle, foot, small truck, or van. 

4921 Couriers and Express Delivery ServicesT

49211 Couriers and Express Delivery ServicesT

See industry description for 492110 below. 

492110 Couriers and Express Delivery Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air, surface, or combined mode courier and 

express delivery services of parcels, but not operating under a universal service obligation. These parcels can 

include goods and documents, but the express delivery services are not part of the normal mail service. These 

services are generally between metropolitan areas, urban centers, or international, but the establishments of this 

industry form a network that includes local pick-up and delivery to serve their customers' needs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Air courier services, except establishments operating under a universal service obligation 

Express delivery services, except establishments operating under a universal service obligation 

Courier services (i.e., intercity network), except establishments operating under a universal service obligation 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing parcel and express delivery services in addition to mail services under a universal service 

obligation--are classified in Industry 491110, Postal Service; 

 Providing messenger and delivery services within a metropolitan area or within an urban center--are 

classified in Industry 492210, Local Messengers and Local Delivery; and 
 Providing the truck transportation of palletized general freight--are classified in Industry Group 4841, 

General Freight Trucking. 

4922 Local Messengers and Local DeliveryT

49221 Local Messengers and Local DeliveryT

See industry description for 492210 below. 

492210 Local Messengers and Local Delivery 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing local messenger and delivery services of 

small items within a single metropolitan area or within an urban center. These establishments generally provide 

point-to-point pickup and delivery and do not operate as part of an intercity courier network. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Alcoholic beverages delivery services 

Letters, documents, or small parcels local delivery services 

Grocery delivery services (i.e., independent service from grocery store) 

Restaurant meals delivery services (i.e., independent service from restaurant) 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing local letter and parcel delivery services as part of an intercity courier network--are classified in 

Industry 492110, Couriers and Express Delivery Services; 

 Operating the National Postal Service or providing postal services on a contract basis (except the bulk 

transportation of mail)--are classified in Industry 491110, Postal Service; and 

 Providing the bulk transportation of mail on a contract basis to and from Postal Service establishments--are 

classified in Industry Group 4841, General Freight Trucking. 

493 Warehousing and StorageT

 Industries in the Warehousing and Storage subsector are primarily engaged in operating warehousing and storage 

facilities for general merchandise, refrigerated goods, and other warehouse products. These establishments provide 

facilities to store goods. They do not sell the goods they handle. These establishments take responsibility for 

storing the goods and keeping them secure. They may also provide a range of services, often referred to as logistics 

services, related to the distribution of goods. Logistics services can include labeling, breaking bulk, inventory 

control and management, light assembly, order entry and fulfillment, packaging, pick and pack, price marking and 

ticketing, and transportation arrangement. However, establishments in this industry group always provide 

warehousing or storage services in addition to any logistic services. Furthermore, the warehousing or storage of 

goods must be more than incidental to the performance of services, such as price marking. 

 Bonded warehousing and storage services and warehouses located in free trade zones are included in the industries 

of this subsector. 

4931 Warehousing and StorageT

49311 General Warehousing and StorageT

See industry description for 493110 below. 

493110 General Warehousing and Storage 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating merchandise warehousing and storage 

facilities. These establishments generally handle goods in containers, such as boxes, barrels, and/or drums, using 

equipment, such as forklifts, pallets, and racks. They are not specialized in handling bulk products of any particular 

type, size, or quantity of goods or products. 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Renting or leasing space for self storage--are classified in Industry 531130, Lessors of Miniwarehouses and 

Self-Storage Units; and 

 Selling in combination with handling and/or distributing goods to other wholesale or retail establishments--

are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade. 

49312 Refrigerated Warehousing and StorageT

See industry description for 493120 below. 

493120 Refrigerated Warehousing and Storage 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating refrigerated warehousing and storage 

facilities. Establishments primarily engaged in the storage of furs for the trade are included in this industry. The 

services provided by these establishments include blast freezing, tempering, and modified atmosphere storage 

services. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in storing furs (except for the trade) and garments are classified in Industry 

812320, Drycleaning and Laundry Services (except Coin-Operated). 

49313 Farm Product Warehousing and StorageT

See industry description for 493130 below. 

493130 Farm Product Warehousing and Storage 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating bulk farm product warehousing and storage 

facilities (except refrigerated). Grain elevators primarily engaged in storage are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating refrigerated warehousing and storage facilities--are classified in Industry 493120, Refrigerated 

Warehousing and Storage; and 

 Storing grains and field beans (i.e., grain elevators) as an incidental activity to sales--are classified in 

Industry 424510, Grain and Field Bean Merchant Wholesalers. 

49319 Other Warehousing and StorageT

See industry description for 493190 below. 

493190 Other Warehousing and Storage 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating warehousing and storage facilities (except 

general merchandise, refrigerated, and farm product warehousing and storage). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bulk petroleum storage 

Lumber storage terminals 

Document storage and warehousing 

Whiskey warehousing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Renting or leasing space for self storage--are classified in Industry 531130, Lessors of Miniwarehouses and 

Self-Storage Units; 
 Storing hazardous materials for treatment and disposal--are classified in U.S. Industry 562211, Hazardous 

Waste Treatment and Disposal; 

 Operating general warehousing and storage facilities--are classified in Industry 493110, General 

Warehousing and Storage; 

 Wholesaling of petroleum bulk--are classified in Industry 424710, Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals; 

 Operating refrigerated warehousing and storage facilities--are classified in Industry 493120, Refrigerated 

Warehousing and Storage; and 

 Operating farm product warehousing and storage facilities--are classified in Industry 493130, Farm Product 

Warehousing and Storage. 

 
Sector 51—InformationT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Information sector comprises establishments engaged in the following processes: (a) producing and 

distributing information and cultural products, (b) providing the means to transmit or distribute these products as 

well as data or communications, and (c) processing data. 

 The main components of this sector are the publishing industries, including software publishing, and both 

traditional publishing and publishing exclusively on the Internet; the motion picture and sound recording industries; 

the broadcasting industries, including traditional broadcasting and those broadcasting exclusively over the Internet; 

the telecommunications industries; Web search portals, data processing industries, and the information services 

industries. 

 The expressions ''information age'' and ''global information economy'' are used with considerable frequency today. 

The general idea of an ''information economy'' includes both the notion of industries primarily producing, 

processing, and distributing information, as well as the idea that every industry is using available information and 

information technology to reorganize and make themselves more productive. 

 For the purposes of NAICS, it is the transformation of information into a commodity that is produced and 

distributed by a number of growing industries that is at issue. The Information sector groups three types of 

establishments: (1) those engaged in producing and distributing information and cultural products; (2) those that 

provide the means to transmit or distribute these products as well as data or communications; and (3) those that 

process data. Cultural products are those that directly express attitudes, opinions, ideas, values, and artistic 

creativity; provide entertainment; or offer information and analysis concerning the past and present. Included in this 

definition are popular, mass-produced products as well as cultural products that normally have a more limited 

audience, such as poetry books, literary magazines, or classical records. 

 The unique characteristics of information and cultural products, and of the processes involved in their production 

and distribution, distinguish the Information sector from the goods-producing and service-producing sectors. Some 

of these characteristics are: 

1. Unlike traditional goods, an ''information or cultural product,'' such as a newspaper on-line or television program, 

does not necessarily have tangible qualities, nor is it necessarily associated with a particular form. A movie can be 

shown at a movie theater, on a television broadcast, through video-on-demand or rented at a local video store. A 

sound recording can be aired on radio, embedded in multimedia products, or sold at a record store. 

2. Unlike traditional services, the delivery of these products does not require direct contact between the supplier and 

the consumer. 

3. The value of these products to the consumer lies in their informational, educational, cultural, or entertainment 

content, not in the format in which they are distributed. Most of these products are protected from unlawful 

reproduction by copyright laws. 

4. The intangible property aspect of information and cultural products makes the processes involved in their 

production and distribution very different from goods and services. Only those possessing the rights to these works 

are authorized to reproduce, alter, improve, and distribute them. Acquiring and using these rights often involves 

significant costs. In addition, technology is revolutionizing the distribution of these products. It is possible to 

distribute them in a physical form, via broadcast, or on-line. 

5. Distributors of information and cultural products can easily add value to the products they distribute. For 

instance, broadcasters add advertising not contained in the original product. This capacity means that unlike 

traditional distributors, they derive revenue not from sale of the distributed product to the final consumer, but from 

those who pay for the privilege of adding information to the original product. Similarly, a directory and mailing list 

publisher can acquire the rights to thousands of previously published newspaper and periodical articles and add new 

value by providing search and software and organizing the information in a way that facilitates research and 

retrieval. These products often command a much higher price than the original information. 
 The distribution modes for information commodities may either eliminate the necessity for traditional manufacture, 

or reverse the conventional order of manufacture-distribute: A newspaper distributed on-line, for example, can be 

printed locally or by the final consumer. Similarly, it is anticipated that packaged software, which today is mainly 

bought through the traditional retail channels, will soon be available mainly on-line. The NAICS Information sector 

is designed to make such economic changes transparent as they occur, or to facilitate designing surveys that will 

monitor the new phenomena and provide data to analyze the changes. 

 Many of the industries in the NAICS Information sector are engaged in producing products protected by copyright 

law, or in distributing them (other than distribution by traditional wholesale and retail methods). Examples are 

traditional publishing industries, software and directory and mailing list publishing industries, and film and sound 

industries. Broadcasting and telecommunications industries and information providers and processors are also 

included in the Information sector, because their technologies are so closely linked to other industries in the 

Information sector. 

511 Publishing Industries (except Internet)T 

 Industries in the Publishing Industries (except Internet) subsector group establishments engaged in the publishing 

of newspapers, magazines, other periodicals, and books, as well as directory and mailing list and software 

publishing. In general, these establishments, which are known as publishers, issue copies of works for which they 

usually possess copyright. Works may be in one or more formats including traditional print form, CD-ROM, or 

proprietary electronic networks. Publishers may publish works originally created by others for which they have 

obtained the rights and/or works that they have created in-house. Software publishing is included here because the 

activity, creation of a copyrighted product and bringing it to market, is equivalent to the creation process for other 

types of intellectual products. 

 In NAICS, publishing--the reporting, writing, editing, and other processes that are required to create an edition of 

a newspaper--is treated as a major economic activity in its own right, rather than as a subsidiary activity to a 

manufacturing activity, printing. Thus, publishing is classified in the Information sector; whereas, printing remains 

in the NAICS Manufacturing sector. In part, the NAICS classification reflects the fact that publishing increasingly 

takes place in establishments that are physically separate from the associated printing establishments. More 

crucially, the NAICS classification of book and newspaper publishing is intended to portray their roles in a modern 

economy, in which they do not resemble manufacturing activities. 

 Music publishers are not included in the Publishing Industries (except Internet) subsector, but are included in the 

Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries subsector. Reproduction of prepackaged software is treated in 

NAICS as a manufacturing activity; on-line distribution of software products is in the Information sector, and 

custom design of software to client specifications is included in the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 

sector. These distinctions arise because of the different ways that software is created, reproduced, and distributed. 

 The Publishing Industries (except Internet) subsector does not include establishments that publish exclusively on 

the Internet. Establishments publishing exclusively on the Internet are included in Subsector 519, Other Information 

Service. The Publishing Industries (except Internet) subsector also excludes products, such as manifold business 

forms. Information is not the essential component of these items. Establishments producing these items are 

included in Subsector 323, Printing and Related Support Activities. 

5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory PublishersT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in publishing newspapers, magazines, other 

periodicals, books, directories and mailing lists, and other works, such as calendars, greeting cards, and maps. 

These works are characterized by the intellectual creativity required in their development and are usually protected 

by copyright. Publishers distribute or arrange for the distribution of these works. 

 Publishing establishments may create the works in-house, contract for, purchase, or compile works that were 

originally created by others. These works may be published in one or more formats, such as print and/or electronic 

form, including proprietary electronic networks. Establishments in this industry may print, reproduce, or offer direct 

access to the works themselves or may arrange with others to carry out such functions. 

 Establishments that both print and publish may fill excess capacity with commercial or job printing. However, the 

publishing activity is still considered to be the primary activity of these establishments. 

51111 Newspaper PublishersT

See industry description for 511110 below. 
511110 Newspaper Publishers 

 This industry comprises establishments known as newspaper publishers. Establishments in this industry carry out 

operations necessary for producing and distributing newspapers, including gathering news; writing news columns, 

feature stories, and editorials; and selling and preparing advertisements. These establishments may publish 

newspapers in print or electronic form. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments publishing newspapers exclusively on the Internet are classified in Industry 519130, 

Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in printing newspapers without publishing are classified in Industry 

32311, Printing; 

 Establishments, such as trade associations, schools and universities, and social welfare organizations that 

publish newsletters for distribution to their membership, but that are not commonly known as newspaper 

publishers, are classified according to their primary activity designation; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in supplying the news media with information, such as news, reports, 

and pictures, are classified in Industry 519110, News Syndicates; and 

 Establishments of independent representatives primarily engaged in selling advertising space are classified 

in Industry 541840, Media Representatives. 

51112 Periodical PublishersT

See industry description for 511120 below. 

511120 Periodical Publishers 

 This industry comprises establishments known either as magazine publishers or periodical publishers. These 

establishments carry out the operations necessary for producing and distributing magazines and other periodicals, 

such as gathering, writing, and editing articles, and selling and preparing advertisements. These establishments may 

publish magazines and other periodicals in print or electronic form. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Comic book publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Radio and television guide publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Magazine publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Scholarly journal publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Newsletter publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Trade journal publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments publishing periodicals exclusively on the Internet are classified in Industry 519130, Internet 

Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in printing periodicals without publishing are classified in Industry 

32311, Printing; 

 Establishments, such as trade associations, schools and universities, and social welfare organizations, that 

publish magazines and periodicals for distribution to their membership, but that are not commonly known 

as periodical publishers, are classified according to their primary activity designation; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in publishing directories and mailing lists are classified in Industry 

511140, Directory and Mailing List Publishers; and 

 Establishments of independent representatives primarily engaged in selling advertising space are classified 

in Industry 541840, Media Representatives. 
51113 Book PublishersT

See industry description for 511130 below. 

511130 Book Publishers 

 This industry comprises establishments known as book publishers. Establishments in this industry carry out 

design, editing, and marketing activities necessary for producing and distributing books. These establishments may 

publish books in print, electronic, or audio form. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Atlas publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Religious book publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Book publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

School textbook publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Encyclopedia publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Technical manual publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Map publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Travel guide book publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments publishing books on the Internet exclusively are classified in Industry 519130, Internet 

Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in printing books without publishing are classified in U.S. Industry 

323117, Books Printing; 

 Establishments known as music publishers are classified in Industry 512230, Music Publishers; 

 Establishments, such as trade associations, schools and universities, and social welfare organizations, that 

publish books for distribution to their membership, that are not commonly known as book publishers, are 

classified according to their primary activity designation; and 

 Book clubs primarily engaged in direct sales activities without publishing are classified in Industry 454390, 

Other Direct Selling Establishments. 

51114 Directory and Mailing List PublishersT

See industry description for 511140 below. 

511140 Directory and Mailing List Publishers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in publishing directories, mailing lists, and collections 

or compilations of fact. The products are typically protected in their selection, arrangement and/or presentation. 

Examples are lists of mailing addresses, telephone directories, directories of businesses, collections or compilations 

of proprietary drugs or legal case results, compilations of public records, etc. These establishments may publish 

directories and mailing lists in print or electronic form. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Business directory publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Mailing list publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Directory publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Telephone directory publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Operating web search portals or developing and publishing, exclusively on the Internet, collections or 

compilations of creative works or facts--are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and 

Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; 

 Compiling mailing lists in conjunction with providing direct mail advertising services--are classified in 

Industry 541860, Direct Mail Advertising; 

 Printing without publishing directories and mailing lists--are classified in Industry 32311, Printing; 

 Publishing computer software--are classified in Industry 511210, Software Publishers; 

 Creating and publishing encyclopedias and similar collections of creative works in print and/or electronic 

media--are classified in Industry 511130, Book Publishers; and 

 Creating and publishing collections of creative works that are periodically updated--are classified in 

Industry 511120, Periodical Publishers. 

51119 Other PublishersT

 This industry comprises establishments known as publishers (except newspaper, magazine, book, directory, 

mailing list, and music publishers). These establishments may publish works in print or electronic form. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Art print publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Greeting card publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Calendar publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments publishing exclusively on the Internet are classified in Industry 51913, Internet Publishing 

and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; 

 Establishments known as newspaper publishers are classified in Industry 51111, Newspaper Publishers; 

 Establishments known as magazine and other periodical publishers are classified in Industry 51112, 

Periodical Publishers; 

 Establishments known as book publishers are classified in Industry 51113, Book Publishers; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in publishing directories and mailing lists are classified in Industry 

51114, Directory and Mailing List Publishers; 

 Establishments known as music publishers are classified in Industry 51223, Music Publishers; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing manifold business forms are classified in Industry 

32311, Printing. 

511191 Greeting Card Publishers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in publishing greeting cards. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in— 

 Publishing greeting cards exclusively on the Internet--are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing 

and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; and 

 Printing greeting cards without publishing--are classified in Industry 32311, Printing. 

511199 All Other Publishers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments generally known as publishers (except newspaper, magazine, book, 

directory, database, music, and greeting card publishers). These establishments may publish works in print or 

electronic form. 

Illustrative Examples: 
Art print publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Calendar publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing) 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments publishing exclusively on the Internet are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing 

and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; 

 Establishments known as newspaper publishers are classified in Industry 511110, Newspaper Publishers; 

 Establishments known as magazine or other periodical publishers are classified in Industry 511120, 

Periodical Publishers; 

 Establishments known as book publishers are classified in Industry 511130, Book Publishers; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in publishing directories and mailing lists are classified in Industry 

511140, Directory and Mailing List Publishers; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in greeting card publishing are classified in U.S. Industry 511191, 

Greeting Card Publishers; 

 Establishments known as music publishers are classified in Industry 512230, Music Publishers; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing day schedulers and/or manifold business forms are 

classified in U.S. Industry 323111, Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books). 

5112 Software PublishersT

51121 Software PublishersT

See industry description for 511210 below. 

511210 Software Publishers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in computer software publishing or publishing and 

reproduction. Establishments in this industry carry out operations necessary for producing and distributing 

computer software, such as designing, providing documentation, assisting in installation, and providing support 

services to software purchasers. These establishments may design, develop, and publish, or publish only. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Reselling packaged software--are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade; 

 Providing access to software for clients from a central host site--are classified in Industry 518210, Data 

Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; 

 Designing software to meet the needs of specific users--are classified in U.S. Industry 541511, Custom 

Computer Programming Services; and 

 Mass duplication of software--are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and Other Prerecorded 

Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing. 

512 Motion Picture and Sound Recording IndustriesT

 Industries in the Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries subsector group establishments involved in the 

production and distribution of motion pictures and sound recordings. While producers and distributors of motion 

pictures and sound recordings issue works for sale as traditional publishers do, the processes are sufficiently 

different to warrant placing establishments engaged in these activities in a separate subsector. Production is 

typically a complex process that involves several distinct types of establishments that are engaged in activities, such 

as contracting with performers, creating the film or sound content, and providing technical postproduction services. 

Film distribution is often to exhibitors, such as theaters and broadcasters, rather than through the wholesale and 

retail distribution chain. When the product is in a mass-produced form, NAICS treats production and distribution as 

the major economic activity as it does in the Publishing Industries (except Internet) subsector, rather than as a 

subsidiary activity to the manufacture of such products. 

 This subsector does not include establishments primarily engaged in the wholesale distribution of videocassettes 

and sound recordings, such as compact discs and audio tapes; these establishments are included in the Wholesale 
Trade sector. Reproduction of videocassettes and sound recordings that is carried out separately from 

establishments engaged in production and distribution is treated in NAICS as a manufacturing activity. 

5121 Motion Picture and Video IndustriesT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the production and/or distribution of motion 

pictures, videos, television programs, or commercials; in the exhibition of motion pictures; or in the provision of 

postproduction and related services. 

51211 Motion Picture and Video ProductionT

See industry description for 512110 below. 

512110 Motion Picture and Video Production 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in producing, or producing and distributing motion 

pictures, videos, television programs, or television commercials. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Producing motion pictures and videos on contract as independent producers--are classified in Industry 

711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; 

 Providing teleproduction and other postproduction services--are classified in U.S. Industry 512191, 

Teleproduction and Other Postproduction Services; 

 Providing video taping of weddings, special events, and/or business inventories--are classified in Industry 

54192, Photographic Services; 

 Providing motion picture laboratory services--are classified in U.S. Industry 512199, Other Motion Picture 

and Video Industries; 

 Providing mass duplication and packaging of video tapes--are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software 

and Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing; and 

 Acquiring distribution rights and distributing motion pictures and videos--are classified in Industry 512120, 

Motion Picture and Video Distribution. 

51212 Motion Picture and Video DistributionT

See industry description for 512120 below. 

512120 Motion Picture and Video Distribution 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acquiring distribution rights and distributing film and 

video productions to motion picture theaters, television networks and stations, and exhibitors. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Producing and distributing motion pictures and videos--are classified in Industry 512110, Motion Picture 

and Video Production; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of blank video cassette tapes and discs--are classified in Industry 423690, 

Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of prerecorded video cassette tapes and discs--are classified in Industry 

423990, Other Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Providing mass duplication and packaging of video tapes--are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software 

and Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing; 

 Providing motion picture footage (via film libraries) to producers--are classified in U.S. Industry 512199, 

Other Motion Picture and Video Industries; 

 Renting video tapes and discs to the general public--are classified in Industry 532230, Video Tape and Disc 

Rental; and 
 Selling video cassettes and discs to the general public--are classified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics 

Stores. 

51213 Motion Picture and Video ExhibitionT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating motion picture theaters and/or exhibiting 

motion pictures or videos at film festivals, and so forth. 

512131 Motion Picture Theaters (except Drive-Ins) 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating motion picture theaters (except driveins) and/or exhibiting motion pictures or videos at film festivals, and so forth. 

512132 Drive-In Motion Picture Theaters 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating drive-in motion picture theaters. 

51219 Postproduction Services and Other Motion Picture and Video IndustriesT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing postproduction services and other services 

to the motion picture industry, including specialized motion picture or video postproduction services, such as 

editing, film/tape transfers, titling, subtitling, credits, closed captioning, and computer-produced graphics, animation 

and special effects, as well as developing and processing motion picture film. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Motion picture film laboratories 

Stock footage film libraries 

Postproduction facilities 

Teleproduction services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Mass duplicating video tapes and film--are classified in Industry 33461, Manufacturing and Reproducing 

Magnetic and Optical Media; 

 Providing audio services for film, television, and video productions--are classified in Industry 51224, 

Sound Recording Studios; 

 Renting wardrobes and costumes for motion picture production--are classified in Industry 53222, Formal 

Wear and Costume Rental; 

 Renting studio equipment--are classified in Industry 53249, Other Commercial and Industrial Machinery 

and Equipment Rental and Leasing; and 

 Casting actors and actresses with production companies--are classified in Industry 56131, Employment 

Placement Agencies and Executive Search Services. 

512191 Teleproduction and Other Postproduction Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing specialized motion picture or video 

postproduction services, such as editing, film/tape transfers, subtitling, credits, closed captioning, and animation and 

special effects. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Mass duplicating video tapes and film--are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and Other 

Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing; 
 Developing and processing motion picture film--are classified in U.S. Industry 512199, Other Motion 

Picture and Video Industries; 

 Providing audio services for film, television, and video productions--are classified in Industry 512240, 

Sound Recording Studios; and 

 Acquiring distribution rights and distributing film and video productions to motion picture theaters, 

television networks and stations, and exhibitors--are classified in Industry 512120, Motion Picture and 

Video Distribution. 

512199 Other Motion Picture and Video Industries 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing motion picture and video services 

(except motion picture and video production, distribution, exhibition, and teleproduction and other postproduction 

services). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Motion picture film laboratories 

Stock footage film libraries 

Film preservation services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Renting wardrobes and costumes for motion picture production--are classified in Industry 532220, Formal 

Wear and Costume Rental; 

 Renting studio equipment--are classified in Industry 532490, Other Commercial and Industrial Machinery 

and Equipment Rental and Leasing; 

 Casting actors and actresses with production companies--are classified in U.S. Industry 561311, 

Employment Placement Agencies; 

 Motion picture and video production--are classified in Industry 512110, Motion Picture and Video 

Production; 

 Motion picture and video distribution--are classified in Industry 512120, Motion Picture and Video 

Distribution; 

 Teleproduction and other postproduction services--are classified in U.S. Industry 512191, Teleproduction 

and Other Postproduction Services; and 

 Motion picture and video exhibition--are classified in Industry 51213, Motion Picture and Video 

Exhibition. 

5122 Sound Recording IndustriesT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in producing and distributing musical recordings, 

in publishing music, or in providing sound recording and related services. 

51221 Record ProductionT

See industry description for 512210 below. 

512210 Record Production 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in record production (e.g., tapes, CDs). These 

establishments contract with artists and arrange and finance the production of original master recordings. 

Establishments in this industry hold the copyright to the master recording and derive most of their revenues from the 

sales, leasing, and licensing of master recordings. Establishments in this industry do not have their own duplication 

or distribution capabilities. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Releasing, promoting, and distributing recordings--are classified in Industry 512220, Integrated Record 

Production/Distribution; 

 Promoting and authorizing the use of musical works in various media--are classified in Industry 512230, 

Music Publishers; 

 Mass duplication services--are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and Other Prerecorded 

Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of blank audio cassettes, tapes, and discs--are classified in Industry 

423690, Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of prerecorded audio cassettes, tapes, and discs--are classified in Industry 

423990, Other Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Managing the careers of artists--are classified in Industry 711410, Agents and Managers for Artists, 

Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures; 

 Providing facilities and technical expertise for recording musical performances--are classified in Industry 

512240, Sound Recording Studios; and 

 Producing albums on contract as independent producers--are classified in Industry 711510, Independent 

Artists, Writers, and Performers. 

51222 Integrated Record Production/DistributionT

See industry description for 512220 below. 

512220 Integrated Record Production/Distribution 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in releasing, promoting, and distributing sound 

recordings. These establishments manufacture or arrange for the manufacture of recordings, such as audio 

tapes/cassettes and compact discs, and promote and distribute these products to wholesalers, retailers, or directly to 

the public. Establishments in this industry produce master recordings themselves, or obtain reproduction and 

distribution rights to master recordings produced by record production companies or other integrated record 

companies. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Contracting with musical artists, arranging for the production of master recordings, and marketing the 

reproduction rights--are classified in Industry 512210, Record Production; 

 Providing facilities and technical expertise for recording musical performances--are classified in Industry 

512240, Sound Recording Studios; 

 Mass duplication of recorded products--are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and Other 

Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing; 

 Merchant wholesale distribution of prerecorded audio cassettes, tapes, and discs--are classified in Industry 

423990, Other Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers; and 

 Retailing records, tapes, and compact discs without producing recordings--are classified in Sector 44-45, 

Retail Trade. 

51223 Music PublishersT

See industry description for 512230 below. 

512230 Music Publishers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acquiring and registering copyrights for musical 

compositions in accordance with law and promoting and authorizing the use of these compositions in recordings, 

radio, television, motion pictures, live performances, print, or other media. Establishments in this industry represent 

the interests of the songwriter or other owners of musical compositions to produce revenues from the use of such 

works, generally through licensing agreements. These establishments may own the copyright or act as administrator 

of the music copyrights on behalf of copyright owners. Publishers of music books and sheet music are included in 

this industry. 
Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged as independent songwriters who act as their own publishers are classified in 

Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers. 

51224 Sound Recording StudiosT

See industry description for 512240 below. 

512240 Sound Recording Studios 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing the facilities and technical expertise for 

sound recording in a studio. This industry includes establishments that provide audio production and postproduction 

services to produce master recordings. These establishments may provide audio services for film, television, and 

video productions. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Releasing, promoting, and distributing sound recordings--are classified in Industry 512220, Integrated 

Record Production/Distribution; 

 Providing mass duplication of recorded products--are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and 

Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing; and 

 Contracting with musical artists, arranging for the production of master recordings, and marketing the 

reproduction rights--are classified in Industry 512210, Record Production. 

51229 Other Sound Recording IndustriesT

See industry description for 512290 below. 

512290 Other Sound Recording Industries 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing sound recording services (except record 

production, distribution, music publishing, and sound recording in a studio). Establishments in this industry provide 

services, such as the audio recording of meetings and conferences. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Producing records, including contracting with musical artists, arranging and financing the production of 

master recordings, and marketing the reproduction rights--are classified in Industry 512210, Record 

Production; 

 Releasing, promoting, and distributing sound recordings--are classified in Industry 512220, Integrated 

Record Production/Distribution; 

 Promoting and authorizing the use of musical works in various media--are classified in Industry 512230, 

Music Publishers; 

 Providing facilities and expertise for recording musical performance--are classified in Industry 512240, 

Sound Recording Studios; 

 Providing mass duplication of recorded products--are classified in U.S. Industry 334614, Software and 

Other Prerecorded Compact Disc, Tape, and Record Reproducing; and 

 Organizing and promoting the presentation of performing arts productions--are classified in Industry Group 

7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events. 

515 Broadcasting (except Internet)T

 Industries in the Broadcasting (except Internet) subsector include establishments that create content or acquire the 

right to distribute content and subsequently broadcast the content. The industry groups (Radio and Television 

Broadcasting and Cable and Other Subscription Programming) are based on differences in the methods of 

communication and the nature of services provided. The Radio and Television Broadcasting industry group 
includes establishments that operate broadcasting studios and facilities for over the air or satellite delivery of radio 

and television programs of entertainment, news, talk, and the like. These establishments are often engaged in the 

production and purchase of programs and generating revenues from the sale of air time to advertisers and from 

donations, subsidies, and/or the sale of programs. The Cable and Other Subscription Programming industry group 

includes establishments operating studios and facilities for the broadcasting of programs that are typically 

narrowcast in nature (limited format, such as news, sports, education, and youth-oriented programming) on a 

subscription or fee basis. 

 The distribution of cable and other subscription programming is included in Subsector 517, Telecommunications. 

Establishments that broadcast exclusively on the Internet are included in Subsector 519, Other Information Services. 

5151 Radio and Television BroadcastingT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating broadcast studios and facilities for 

over-the-air or satellite delivery of radio and television programs. These establishments are often engaged in the 

production or purchase of programs or generate revenues from the sale of air time to advertisers, from donations and 

subsidies, or from the sale of programs. 

51511 Radio BroadcastingT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in broadcasting audio signals. These establishments 

operate radio broadcasting studios and facilities for the transmission of aural programming to the public, to 

affiliates, or to subscribers. The radio programs may include entertainment, news, talk shows, business data, or 

religious services. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Broadcasting exclusively on the Internet--are classified in Industry 51913, Internet Publishing and 

Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; and 

 Producing taped radio programming--are classified in Industry 51229, Other Sound Recording Industries. 

515111 Radio Networks 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in assembling and transmitting aural programming 

to their affiliates or subscribers via over-the-air broadcasts, cable, or satellite. The programming covers a wide 

variety of material, such as news services, religious programming, weather, sports, or music. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Broadcasting exclusively on the Internet--are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and 

Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; and 

 Producing taped radio programming--are classified in Industry 512290, Other Sound Recording Industries. 

515112 Radio Stations 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in broadcasting aural programs by radio to the 

public. Programming may originate in their own studio, from an affiliated network, or from external sources. 

51512 Television BroadcastingT

See industry description for 515120 below. 

515120 Television Broadcasting 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in broadcasting images together with sound. These 

establishments operate television broadcasting studios and facilities for the programming and transmission of 

programs to the public. These establishments also produce or transmit visual programming to affiliated broadcast 
television stations, which in turn broadcast the programs to the public on a predetermined schedule. Programming 

may originate in their own studio, from an affiliated network, or from external sources. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Broadcasting exclusively on the Internet--are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and 

Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; 

 Producing taped television program materials--are classified in Industry 512110, Motion Picture and Video 

Production; 

 Furnishing cable and other pay television services--are classified in Industry 517110, Wired 

Telecommunications Carriers; and 

 Producing and broadcasting television programs for cable and satellite television systems--are classified in 

Industry 515210, Cable and Other Subscription Programming. 

5152 Cable and Other Subscription ProgrammingT

51521 Cable and Other Subscription ProgrammingT

See industry description for 515210 below. 

515210 Cable and Other Subscription Programming 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating studios and facilities for the broadcasting 

of programs on a subscription or fee basis. The broadcast programming is typically narrowcast in nature (e.g., 

limited format, such as news, sports, education, or youth-oriented). These establishments produce programming in 

their own facilities or acquire programming from external sources. The programming material is usually delivered 

to a third party, such as cable systems or direct-to-home satellite systems, for transmission to viewers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Producing taped television program material--are classified in Industry 512110, Motion Picture and Video 

Production; 

 Producing and transmitting television programs to affiliated stations--are classified in Industry 515120, 

Television Broadcasting; 

 Furnishing cable and other pay television services--are classified in Industry 517110, Wired 

Telecommunications Carriers; and 

 Retailing merchandise by electronic media, such as television--are classified in Industry 45411, Electronic 

Shopping and Mail-Order Houses. 

517 TelecommunicationsT

 Industries in the Telecommunications subsector group establishments that provide telecommunications and the 

services related to that activity (e.g., telephony, including Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP); cable and satellite 

television distribution services; Internet access; telecommunications reselling services). The Telecommunications 

subsector is primarily engaged in operating, and/or providing access to facilities for the transmission of voice, data, 

text, sound, and video. Transmission facilities may be based on a single technology or a combination of 

technologies. Establishments in the Telecommunications subsector are grouped into four industry groups. The first 

three are comprised of establishments that operate transmission facilities and infrastructure that they own and/or 

lease, and provide telecommunications services using those facilities. The distinction among the first three industry 

groups is the type of infrastructure operated (i.e., wired, wireless, or satellite). The fourth industry group is 

comprised of establishments that provide support activities, telecommunications reselling services, or many of the 

same services provided by establishments in the first three industry groups, but do not operate as 

telecommunications carriers. Establishments primarily engaged as independent contractors in the installation and 

maintenance of broadcasting and telecommunications systems are classified in Sector 23, Construction. 

Establishments known as Internet cafes, primarily engaged in offering limited Internet connectivity in combination 

with other services such as facsimile services, training, rental of on-site personal computers, game rooms, or food 
services are classified in Subsector 561, Administrative and Support Services, or Subsector 722, Food Services and 

Drinking Places, depending on the primary activity. 

5171 Wired Telecommunications CarriersT

51711 Wired Telecommunications CarriersT

See industry description for 517110 below. 

517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating and/or providing access to transmission 

facilities and infrastructure that they own and/or lease for the transmission of voice, data, text, sound, and video 

using wired telecommunications networks. Transmission facilities may be based on a single technology or a 

combination of technologies. Establishments in this industry use the wired telecommunications network facilities 

that they operate to provide a variety of services, such as wired telephony services, including VoIP services; wired 

(cable) audio and video programming distribution; and wired broadband Internet services. By exception, 

establishments providing satellite television distribution services using facilities and infrastructure that they operate 

are included in this industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Broadband Internet service providers, wired (e.g. cable, DSL) 

Local telephone carriers, wired 

Cable television distribution services 

Long-distance telephone carriers, wired 

Closed circuit television (CCTV) services 

VoIP service providers, using own operated wired telecommunications infrastructure 

Direct-to-home satellite system (DTH) services 

Telecommunications carriers, wired 

Satellite television distribution systems 

Multichannel multipoint distribution services (MMDS) 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Producing and distributing a channel of television programming for cable or satellite television systems--

are classified in Industry 515210, Cable and Other Subscription Programming; 

 Operating coin-operated pay telephones--are classified in Industry 812990, All Other Personal Services; 

 Operating and maintaining wireless telecommunications networks--are classified in Industry 517210, 

Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); 

 Producing and distributing radio programs for cable or satellite radio systems--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 515111, Radio Networks; 

 Reselling telecommunications services (except satellite telecommunications), without operating a network-

-are classified in U.S. Industry 517911, Telecommunications Resellers; 

 Publishing telephone directories--are classified in Industry 511140, Directory and Mailing List Publishers; 

 Reselling satellite telecommunications services--are classified in Industry 517410, Satellite 

Telecommunications; 

 Providing Internet access services via client-supplied telecommunications connections (e.g. dial up ISP's)--

are classified in U.S. Industry 517919, All Other Telecommunications; 

 Providing voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) services via client-supplied telecommunications connections-

-are classified in U.S. Industry 517919, All Other Telecommunications; and 

 Providing limited Internet connectivity at locations known as Internet cafes, in combination with other 

services such as facsimile services, training, rental of on-site personal computers, games rooms, or food 

services--are classified in U.S. Industry 561439, Other Business Service Centers (including Copy Shops) or 

Subsector 722, Food Services and Drinking Places, depending on the primary activity. 
5172 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite)T

51721 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite)T

 

See industry description for 517210 below. 

517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite) 

 This industry comprises establishments engaged in operating and maintaining switching and transmission facilities 

to provide communications via the airwaves. Establishments in this industry have spectrum licenses and provide 

services using that spectrum, such as cellular phone services, paging services, wireless Internet access, and wireless 

video services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Cellular telephone services 

Wireless Internet service providers, except satellite 

Paging services, except satellite 

Wireless telephone communications carriers, except satellite 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating and maintaining wired telecommunications networks--are classified in Industry 517110, Wired 

Telecommunications Carriers; 

 Operating and maintaining satellite networks--are classified in Industry 517410, Satellite 

Telecommunications; 

 Providing satellite television distribution services--are classified in Industry 517110, Wired 

Telecommunications Carriers; and 

 Operating as mobile virtual network operations (MVNO)--are classified in U.S. Industry 517911, 

Telecommunications Resellers. 

5174 Satellite TelecommunicationsT

51741 Satellite TelecommunicationsT

See industry description for 517410 below. 

517410 Satellite Telecommunications 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing telecommunications services to other 

establishments in the telecommunications and broadcasting industries by forwarding and receiving communications 

signals via a system of satellites or reselling satellite telecommunications. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing direct-to-home satellite television services to individual households 

or consumers are classified in Industry 517110, Wired Telecommunications Carriers. 

5179 Other TelecommunicationsT

51791 Other TelecommunicationsT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) purchasing access and network capacity from 

owners and operators of telecommunications networks and reselling wired and wireless telecommunications services 

(except satellite) to businesses and households; (2) providing specialized telecommunications services, such as 

satellite tracking, communications telemetry, and radar station operation; (3) providing satellite terminal stations and 

associated facilities connected with one or more terrestrial systems and capable of transmitting telecommunications 

to, and receiving telecommunications from, satellite systems; or (4) providing Internet access services or Voice over 
Internet protocol (VoIP) services via client-supplied telecommunications connections. Establishments in this 

industry do not operate as telecommunications carriers. Mobile virtual network operators (MVNO) are included in 

this industry. 

517911 Telecommunications Resellers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments engaged in purchasing access and network capacity from owners and 

operators of telecommunications networks and reselling wired and wireless telecommunications services (except 

satellite) to businesses and households. Establishments in this industry resell telecommunications; they do not 

operate transmission facilities and infrastructure. Mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) are included in this 

industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating and maintaining wired telecommunications networks--are classified in Industry 517110, Wired 

Telecommunications Carriers; 

 Operating and maintaining wireless telecommunications networks--are classified in Industry 517210, 

Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); and 

 Reselling satellite telecommunications services--are classified in Industry 517410, Satellite 

Telecommunications. 

517919 All Other Telecommunications 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing specialized telecommunications 

services, such as satellite tracking, communications telemetry, and radar station operation. This industry also 

includes establishments primarily engaged in providing satellite terminal stations and associated facilities connected 

with one or more terrestrial systems and capable of transmitting telecommunications to, and receiving 

telecommunications from, satellite systems. Establishments providing Internet services or voice over Internet 

protocol (VoIP) services via client-supplied telecommunications connections are also included in this industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Dial-up Internet service providers 

VoIP service providers, using client-supplied telecommunications connections 

Internet service providers using client-supplied telecommunications connections (e.g., dial-up ISPs) 

Satellite tracking stations 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing wired broadband Internet services via own operated telecommunications infrastructure--are 

classified in Industry 517110, Wired Telecommunications Carriers; 

 Providing wired VoIP services via own operated telecommunications infrastructure--are classified in 

Industry 517110, Wired Telecommunications Carriers; 

 Providing expert advice in the field of information technology or in integrating communication and 

computer systems--are classified in Industry 54151, Computer Systems Design and Related Services; and 

 Providing satellite telecommunications services--are classified in Industry 517410, Satellite 

Telecommunications. 

518 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related ServicesT

 Industries in the Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services subsector group establishments that provide the 

infrastructure for hosting and/or data processing services. 

5182 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related ServicesT
51821 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related ServicesT

See industry description for 518210 below. 

518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing infrastructure for hosting or data 

processing services. These establishments may provide specialized hosting activities, such as web hosting, 

streaming services or application hosting; provide application service provisioning; or may provide general timeshare mainframe facilities to clients. Data processing establishments provide complete processing and specialized 

reports from data supplied by clients or provide automated data processing and data entry services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Application hosting 

Optical scanning services 

Application service providers 

Web hosting 

Computer data storage services 

Video and audio streaming service 

Computer input preparation services 

Microfilm imaging services 

Computer time rental 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing text processing and related document preparation activities--are classified in Industry 561410, 

Document Preparation Services; 

 Providing on-site management and operation of a client's data-processing facilities--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 541513, Computer Facilities Management Services; 

 Providing wired broadband Internet access services using own operated telecommunications infrastructure, 

in combination with web hosting--are classified in Industry 517110, Wired Telecommunications Carriers; 

 Providing Internet access via client-supplied telecommunications connections in combination with web 

hosting--are classified in U.S. Industry 517919, All Other Telecommunications; 

 Operating web search portals--are classified in U.S. Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting 

and Web Search Portals; 

 Providing access to computers and office equipment, as well as other office support services--are classified 

in Industry 56143, Business Service Centers; 

 Processing financial transactions, such as credit card transactions--are classified in Industry 522320, 

Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities; and 

 Providing payroll processing services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541214, Payroll Services. 

519 Other Information ServicesT

 Industries in the Other Information Services subsector group establishments supplying information, storing and 

providing access to information, searching and retrieving information, operating Web sites that use search engines to 

allow for searching information on the Internet, or publishing and/or broadcasting content exclusively on the 

Internet. The main components of the subsector are news syndicates, libraries, archives, exclusive Internet 

publishing and/or broadcasting, and Web Search Portals. 

5191 Other Information ServicesT

51911 News SyndicatesT

See industry description for 519110 below. 

519110 News Syndicates 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in supplying information, such as news reports, articles, 

pictures, and features, to the news media. 

Cross-References. 

 Independent writers and journalists (including photojournalists) are classified in Industry 711510, Independent 

Artists, Writers, and Performers. 

51912 Libraries and ArchivesT

See industry description for 519120 below. 

519120 Libraries and Archives 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing library or archive services. These 

establishments are engaged in maintaining collections of documents (e.g., books, journals, newspapers, and music) 

and facilitating the use of such documents (recorded information regardless of its physical form and characteristics) 

as are required to meet the informational, research, educational, or recreational needs of their user. These 

establishments may also acquire, research, store, preserve, and generally make accessible to the public historical 

documents, photographs, maps, audio material, audiovisual material, and other archival material of historical 

interest. All or portions of these collections may be accessible electronically. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing stock footage (via motion picture and video tape libraries) to the media, multimedia, and 

advertising industries--are classified in U.S. Industry 512199, Other Motion Picture and Video Industries; 

 Providing stock music to the media, multimedia, and advertising industries--are classified in Industry 

512290, Other Sound Recording Industries; 

 Providing stock photos to the media, multimedia, and advertising industries--are classified in Industry 

519190, All Other Information Services; and 

 Distributing film and video productions to motion picture theaters, television networks and stations, and 

exhibitors--are classified in Industry 512120, Motion Picture and Video Distribution. 

51913 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search PortalsT

See industry description for 519130 below. 

519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) publishing and/or broadcasting content on the 

Internet exclusively or (2) operating Web sites that use a search engine to generate and maintain extensive databases 

of Internet addresses and content in an easily searchable format (and known as Web search portals). The publishing 

and broadcasting establishments in this industry do not provide traditional (non-Internet) versions of the content that 

they publish or broadcast. They provide textual, audio, and/or video content of general or specific interest on the 

Internet exclusively. Establishments known as Web search portals often provide additional Internet services, such as 

e-mail, connections to other web sites, auctions, news, and other limited content, and serve as a home base for 

Internet users. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Internet book publishers 

Internet sports sites 

Internet entertainment sites 

Internet video broadcast sites 

Internet game sites 

Internet news publishers 

Internet periodical publishers 
Internet radio stations 

Internet search portals 

Web search portals 

Internet search web sites 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing wired broadband Internet access using own operated telecommunications infrastructure--are 

classified in Industry 517110, Wired Telecommunications Carriers; 

 Providing both Internet publishing and other print or electronic (e.g., CD-ROM, diskette) editions in the 

same establishment or using proprietary networks to distribute content--are classified in Subsector 511, 

Publishing Industries (except Internet) based on the materials produced; 

 Providing Internet access via client-supplied telecommunications connections--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 517919, All Other Telecommunications; 

 Providing streaming services on content owned by others--are classified in Industry 518210, Data 

Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; 

 Wholesaling goods on the Internet--are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade; 

 Retailing goods on the Internet--are classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade; and 

 Operating stock brokerages, travel reservation systems, purchasing services, and similar activities using the 

Internet rather than traditional methods--are classified with the more traditional establishments providing 

these services. 

51919 All Other Information ServicesT

See industry description for 519190 below. 

519190 All Other Information Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing other information services (except news 

syndicates, libraries, archives, Internet publishing and broadcasting, and Web search portals). 

Illustrative Examples: 

News clipping services 

Telephone-based information services 

Stock photo agencies 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing wired broadband Internet access services using own operated telecommunications infrastructure-

-are classified in Industry 517110, Wired Telecommunications Carriers; 

 Providing Internet access via client-supplied telecommunications connections--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 517919, All Other Telecommunications; 

 Publishing (except exclusively on the Internet)--are classified in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries 

(except Internet); 

 Publishing or broadcasting exclusively on the Internet--are classified in Industry 519130, Internet 

Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; 

 Operating Web search portals--are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and 

Web Search Portals; 

 Operating news syndicates--are classified in Industry 519110, News Syndicates; and 

 Operating libraries and archives--are classified in Industry 519120, Libraries and Archives. 

 
Sector 52--Finance and InsuranceT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Finance and Insurance sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in financial transactions 

(transactions involving the creation, liquidation, or change in ownership of financial assets) and/or in facilitating 

financial transactions. Three principal types of activities are identified: 

 1. Raising funds by taking deposits and/or issuing securities and, in the process, incurring liabilities. 

Establishments engaged in this activity use raised funds to acquire financial assets by making loans and/or 

purchasing securities. Putting themselves at risk, they channel funds from lenders to borrowers and transform or 

repackage the funds with respect to maturity, scale, and risk. This activity is known as financial intermediation. 

 2. Pooling of risk by underwriting insurance and annuities. Establishments engaged in this activity collect fees, 

insurance premiums, or annuity considerations; build up reserves; invest those reserves; and make contractual 

payments. Fees are based on the expected incidence of the insured risk and the expected return on investment. 

 3. Providing specialized services facilitating or supporting financial intermediation, insurance, and employee 

benefit programs. 

 In addition, monetary authorities charged with monetary control are included in this sector. 

 The subsectors, industry groups, and industries within the NAICS Finance and Insurance sector are defined on the 

basis of their unique production processes. As with all industries, the production processes are distinguished by 

their use of specialized human resources and specialized physical capital. In addition, the way in which these 

establishments acquire and allocate financial capital, their source of funds, and the use of those funds provides a 

third basis for distinguishing characteristics of the production process. For instance, the production process in 

raising funds through deposit-taking is different from the process of raising funds in bond or money markets. The 

process of making loans to individuals also requires different production processes than does the creation of 

investment pools or the underwriting of securities. 

 Most of the Finance and Insurance subsectors contain one or more industry groups of (1) intermediaries with 

similar patterns of raising and using funds and (2) establishments engaged in activities that facilitate, or are 

otherwise related to, that type of financial or insurance intermediation. Industries within this sector are defined in 

terms of activities for which a production process can be specified, and many of these activities are not exclusive to 

a particular type of financial institution. To deal with the varied activities taking place within existing financial 

institutions, the approach is to split these institutions into components performing specialized services. This requires 

defining the units engaged in providing those services and developing procedures that allow for their delineation. 

These units are the equivalents for finance and insurance of the establishments defined for other industries. 

 The output of many financial services, as well as the inputs and the processes by which they are combined, cannot 

be observed at a single location and can only be defined at a higher level of the organizational structure of the 

enterprise. Additionally, a number of independent activities that represent separate and distinct production 

processes may take place at a single location belonging to a multilocation financial firm. Activities are more likely 

to be homogeneous with respect to production characteristics than are locations, at least in financial services. The 

classification defines activities broadly enough that it can be used both by those classifying by location and by those 

employing a more top-down approach to the delineation of the establishment. 

 Establishments engaged in activities that facilitate, or are otherwise related to, the various types of intermediation 

have been included in individual subsectors, rather than in a separate subsector dedicated to services alone because 

these services are performed by intermediaries, as well as by specialist establishments, the extent to which the 

activity of the intermediaries can be separately identified is not clear. 

 The Finance and Insurance sector has been defined to encompass establishments primarily engaged in financial 

transactions; that is, transactions involving the creation, liquidation, change in ownership of financial assets; or in 

facilitating financial transactions. Financial industries are extensive users of electronic means for facilitating the 

verification of financial balances, authorizing transactions, transferring funds to and from transactors' accounts, 

notifying banks (or credit card issuers) of the individual transactions, and providing daily summaries. Since these 

transaction processing activities are integral to the production of finance and insurance services, establishments that 
principally provide a financial transaction processing service are classified to this sector, rather than to the data 

processing industry in the Information sector. 

 Legal entities that hold portfolios of assets on behalf of others are significant and data on them are required for a 

variety of purposes. Thus for NAICS, these funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles are the fifth subsector of the 

Finance and Insurance sector. These entities earn interest, dividends, and other property income, but have little or 

no employment and no revenue from the sale of services. Separate establishments and employees devoted to the 

management of funds are classified in Industry Group 5239, Other Financial Investment Activities. 

521 Monetary Authorities-Central BankT

 The Monetary Authorities-Central Bank subsector groups establishments that engage in performing central 

banking functions, such as issuing currency, managing the Nation's money supply and international reserves, 

holding deposits that represent the reserves of other banks and other central banks, and acting as a fiscal agent for 

the central government. 

5211 Monetary Authorities-Central BankT

52111 Monetary Authorities-Central BankT

See industry description for 521110 below 

521110 Monetary Authorities-Central Bank 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing central banking functions, such as issuing 

currency, managing the Nation's money supply and international reserves, holding deposits that represent the 

reserves of other banks and other central banks, and acting as a fiscal agent for the central government. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System are classified in Industry 921130, Public 

Finance Activities. 

522 Credit Intermediation and Related ActivitiesT

 Industries in the Credit Intermediation and Related Activities subsector group establishments that (1) lend funds 

raised from depositors; (2) lend funds raised from credit market borrowing; or (3) facilitate the lending of funds or 

issuance of credit by engaging in such activities as mortgage and loan brokerage, clearinghouse and reserve services, 

and check cashing services. 

5221 Depository Credit Intermediation 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in accepting deposits (or share deposits) and in 

lending funds from these deposits. Within this group, industries are defined on the basis of differences in the types 

of deposit liabilities assumed and in the nature of the credit extended. 

52211 Commercial Banking 

See industry description for 522110 below. 

522110 Commercial Banking 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in accepting demand and other deposits and making 

commercial, industrial, and consumer loans. Commercial banks and branches of foreign banks are included in this 

industry. 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments primarily engaged in credit card banking are classified in Industry 522210, Credit Card 

Issuing; 

 Establishments known as industrial banks and primarily engaged in accepting deposits are classified in 

Industry 522190, Other Depository Credit Intermediation; and 

 Establishments of depository institutions primarily engaged in trust activities are classified in U.S. Industry 

523991, Trust, Fiduciary, and Custody Activities. 

52212 Savings Institutions 

See industry description for 522120 below. 

522120 Savings Institutions 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in accepting time deposits, making mortgage and real 

estate loans, and investing in high-grade securities. Savings and loan associations and savings banks are included in 

this industry. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in accepting demand and other deposits and making all types of loans are 

classified in Industry 522110, Commercial Banking. 

52213 Credit Unions 

See industry description for 522130 below. 

522130 Credit Unions 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in accepting members' share deposits in cooperatives 

that are organized to offer consumer loans to their members. 

52219 Other Depository Credit Intermediation 

See industry description for 522190 below. 

522190 Other Depository Credit Intermediation 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in accepting deposits and lending funds (except 

commercial banking, savings institutions, and credit unions). Establishments known as industrial banks or Morris 

Plans and primarily engaged in accepting deposits, and private banks (i.e., unincorporated banks) are included in this 

industry. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in accepting demand and other deposits and making all types of loans are 

classified in Industry 522110, Commercial Banking; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in accepting time deposits are classified in Industry 522120, Savings 

Institutions; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in accepting members' share deposits in cooperatives are classified in 

Industry 522130, Credit Unions; and 

 Establishments known as industrial banks and Morris Plans and are primarily engaged in providing 

nondepository credit are classified in U.S. Industry 522298, All Other Nondepository Credit 

Intermediation. 

5222 Nondepository Credit Intermediation 

 This industry group comprises establishments, both public (government-sponsored enterprises) and private, 

primarily engaged in extending credit or lending funds raised by credit market borrowing, such as issuing 
commercial paper or other debt instruments or by borrowing from other financial intermediaries. Within this group, 

industries are defined on the basis of the type of credit being extended. 

52221 Credit Card Issuing 

See industry description for 522210 below. 

522210 Credit Card Issuing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing credit by issuing credit cards. Credit card 

issuance provides the funds required to purchase goods and services in return for payment of the full balance or 

payments on an installment basis. Credit card banks are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in issuing cards that contain a stored prepaid value are classified with the 

industry providing the service represented by the cards, such as transit fare cards, in Subsector 482, Rail 

Transportation, and long-distance telephone cards in Subsector 517, Telecommunications. 

52222 Sales Financing 

See industry description for 522220 below. 

522220 Sales Financing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in sales financing or sales financing in combination 

with leasing. Sales financing establishments are primarily engaged in lending money for the purpose of providing 

collateralized goods through a contractual installment sales agreement, either directly from or through arrangements 

with dealers. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments not engaged in sales financing, but primarily engaged in providing leases for equipment and other 

assets are classified in Subsector 532, Rental and Leasing Services. 

52229 Other Nondepository Credit Intermediation 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in making cash loans or extending credit through credit 

instruments (except credit cards and sales finance agreements). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Consumer finance companies (i.e., unsecured cash loans) 

Mortgage companies 

International trade financing 

Secondary market financing 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing credit sales by issuing credit cards--are classified in Industry 52221, Credit Card Issuing; 

 Providing leases for equipment and other assets without sales financing--are classified in Subsector 532, 

Rental and Leasing Services; 

 Accepting deposits and lending funds from these deposits--are classified in Industry Group 5221, 

Depository Credit Intermediation; 

 Arranging loans for others on a commission or fee basis--are classified in Industry 52231, Mortgage and 

Nonmortgage Loan Brokers; and 

 Guaranteeing international trade loans--are classified in Industry 52412, Direct Insurance (except Life, 

Health, and Medical) Carriers. 
522291 Consumer Lending 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in making unsecured cash loans to consumers. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Finance companies (i.e., unsecured cash loans) 

Personal credit institutions (i.e., unsecured cash loans) 

Loan companies (i.e., consumer, personal, student, small) 

Student loans companies 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Accepting deposits and lending funds from these deposits--are classified in Industry Group 5221, 

Depository Credit Intermediation; and 

 Arranging loans for others on a commission or fee basis--are classified in Industry 522310, Mortgage and 

Nonmortgage Loan Brokers. 

522292 Real Estate Credit 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in lending funds with real estate as collateral. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Home equity credit lending 

Mortgage companies 

Mortgage banking (i.e., nondepository mortgage lending) 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Servicing loans--are classified in Industry 522390, Other Activities Related to Credit Intermediation; 

 Arranging loans for others on a commission or fee basis--are classified in Industry 522310, Mortgage and 

Nonmortgage Loan Brokers; and 

 Accepting deposits and lending funds secured by real estate--are classified in Industry Group 5221, 

Depository Credit Intermediation. 

522293 International Trade Financing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing one or more of the following: (1) 

working capital funds to U.S. exporters; (2) lending funds to foreign buyers of U.S. goods; and/or (3) lending funds 

to domestic buyers of imported goods. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Agreement corporations (i.e., international trade financing) 

Export-Import banks 

Edge Act corporations (i.e., international trade financing) 

Trade banks (i.e., international trade financing) 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Guaranteeing international trade loans--are classified in U.S. Industry 524126, Direct Property and 

Casualty Insurance Carriers; 
 Brokering international trade loans--are classified in Industry 522310, Mortgage and Nonmortgage Loan 

Brokers; and 

 Accepting deposits and lending funds from these deposits--are classified in Industry Group 5221, 

Depository Credit Intermediation. 

522294 Secondary Market Financing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in buying, pooling, and repackaging loans for sale 

to others on the secondary market. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC) 

Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) 

Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) 

Student Loan Marketing Association (SLMA) 

522298 All Other Nondepository Credit Intermediation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing nondepository credit (except credit 

card issuing, sales financing, consumer lending, real estate credit, international trade financing, and secondary 

market financing). Examples of types of lending in this industry are: short-term inventory credit, agricultural 

lending (except real estate and sales financing) and consumer cash lending secured by personal property. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Commodity Credit Corporation 

Morris Plans (i.e., known as), nondepository 

Factoring accounts receivable 

Pawnshops 

Industrial banks (i.e., known as), nondepository 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing credit sales funding are classified in Industry 522210, 

Credit Card Issuing; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in sales financing or sales financing in combination with leasing are 

classified in Industry 522220, Sales Financing; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in making unsecured cash loans to consumers are classified in U.S. 

Industry 522291, Consumer Lending; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in lending funds with real estate as collateral are classified in U.S. 

Industry 522292, Real Estate Credit; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in international trade financing are classified in U.S. Industry 522293, 

International Trade Financing; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in buying, pooling, and repackaging loans for sale to others on the 

secondary market are classified in U.S. Industry 522294, Secondary Market Financing; and 

 Establishments known as industrial banks or Morris Plans and are primarily engaged in accepting deposits 

are classified in Industry 522190, Other Depository Credit Intermediation. 

5223 Activities Related to Credit Intermediation 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in facilitating credit intermediation by 

performing activities, such as arranging loans by bringing borrowers and lenders together and clearing checks and 

credit card transactions. 
52231 Mortgage and Nonmortgage Loan Brokers 

See industry description for 522310 below. 

522310 Mortgage and Nonmortgage Loan Brokers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in arranging loans by bringing borrowers and lenders 

together on a commission or fee basis. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Lending funds with real estate as collateral--are classified in U.S. Industry 522292, Real Estate Credit; and 

 Servicing loans--are classified in Industry 522390, Other Activities Related to Credit Intermediation. 

52232 Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities 

See industry description for 522320 below. 

522320 Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing one or more of the following: (1) financial 

transaction processing (except central bank); (2) reserve and liquidity services (except central bank); and/or (3) 

check or other financial instrument clearinghouse services (except central bank). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automated clearinghouses, bank or check (except central bank) 

Credit card processing services 

Check clearing services (except central bank) 

Electronic funds transfer services 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in nonfinancial data and electronic transaction processing are classified 

in Industry 518210, Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; and 

 Establishments of the central bank primarily engaged in check clearing and other financial transaction 

processing are classified in Industry 521110, Monetary Authorities-Central Bank. 

52239 Other Activities Related to Credit Intermediation 

See industry description for 522390 below. 

522390 Other Activities Related to Credit Intermediation 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in facilitating credit intermediation (except mortgage 

and loan brokerage; and financial transactions processing, reserve, and clearinghouse activities). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Check cashing services 

Money order issuance services 

Loan servicing 

Travelers' check issuance services 

Money transmission services 

Payday lending services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Arranging loans for others on a commission or fee basis--are classified in Industry 522310, Mortgage and 

Nonmortgage Loan Brokers; 

 Providing financial transactions processing, reserve, and clearinghouse activities--are classified in Industry 

522320, Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities; 

 Foreign currency exchange dealing--are classified in Industry 523130, Commodity Contracts Dealing; and 

 Providing escrow services (except real estate)--are classified in U.S. Industry 523991, Trust, Fiduciary, and 

Custody Activities. 

523 Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related ActivitiesT 

 Industries in the Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities 

subsector group establishments that are primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) underwriting securities issues 

and/or making markets for securities and commodities; (2) acting as agents (i.e., brokers) between buyers and sellers 

of securities and commodities; (3) providing securities and commodity exchange services; and (4) providing other 

services, such as managing portfolios of assets; providing investment advice; and trust, fiduciary, and custody 

services. 

5231 Securities and Commodity Contracts Intermediation and BrokerageT 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in putting capital at risk in the process of 

underwriting securities issues or in making markets for securities and commodities; and those acting as agents 

and/or brokers between buyers and sellers of securities and commodities, usually charging a commission. 

52311 Investment Banking and Securities Dealing 

See industry description for 523110 below. 

523110 Investment Banking and Securities Dealing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in underwriting, originating, and/or maintaining 

markets for issues of securities. Investment bankers act as principals (i.e., investors who buy or sell on their own 

account) in firm commitment transactions or act as agents in best effort and standby commitments. This industry 

also includes establishments acting as principals in buying or selling securities generally on a spread basis, such as 

securities dealers or stock option dealers. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bond dealing (i.e., acting as a principal in dealing securities to investors) 

Stock option dealing 

Securities underwriting 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in acting as agents (i.e., brokers) in buying or selling securities on a 

commission or transaction fee basis are classified in Industry 523120, Securities Brokerage; and 

 Investment clubs or individual investors primarily engaged in buying or selling financial contracts (e.g., 

securities) on their own account are classified in Industry 523910, Miscellaneous Intermediation. 

52312 Securities Brokerage 

See industry description for 523120 below. 

523120 Securities Brokerage 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acting as agents (i.e., brokers) between buyers and 

sellers in buying or selling securities on a commission or transaction fee basis. 
Illustrative Examples: 

Mutual fund agencies (i.e., brokerages) 

Stock brokerages 

Securities brokerages 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in investment banking and securities dealing (i.e., buying or selling securities on 

their own account) are classified in Industry 523110, Investment Banking and Securities Dealing. 

52313 Commodity Contracts Dealing 

See industry description for 523130 below. 

523130 Commodity Contracts Dealing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acting as principals (i.e., investors who buy or sell 

for their own account) in buying or selling spot or futures commodity contracts or options, such as precious metals, 

foreign currency, oil, or agricultural products, generally on a spread basis. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Acting as agents (i.e., brokers) in buying or selling spot or future commodity contracts on a commission or 

transaction fee basis--are classified in Industry 523140, Commodity Contracts Brokerage; and 

 Buying and selling physical commodities for resale to other than the general public--are classified in Sector 

42, Wholesale Trade. 

52314 Commodity Contracts Brokerage 

See industry description for 523140 below. 

523140 Commodity Contracts Brokerage 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acting as agents (i.e., brokers) in buying or selling 

spot or future commodity contracts or options on a commission or transaction fee basis. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Commodity contracts brokerages 

Financial futures brokerages 

Commodity futures brokerages 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Acting as principals in buying or selling spot or futures commodity contracts generally on a spread basis--

are classified in Industry 523130, Commodity Contracts Dealing; and 

 Buying and selling physical commodities for resale to other than the general public--are classified in Sector 

42, Wholesale Trade. 

5232 Securities and Commodity ExchangesT

52321 Securities and Commodity ExchangesT

See industry description for 523210 below. 

523210 Securities and Commodity Exchanges 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in furnishing physical or electronic marketplaces for the 

purpose of facilitating the buying and selling of stocks, stock options, bonds, or commodity contracts. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in investment banking, and securities dealing, securities brokering, commodity 

contracts dealing, or commodity contracts brokering are classified in Industry Group 5231, Securities and 

Commodity Contracts Intermediation and Brokerage. 

5239 Other Financial Investment ActivitiesT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) acting as principals in 

buying or selling financial contracts (except investment bankers, securities dealers, and commodity contracts 

dealers); (2) acting as agents (i.e., brokers) (except securities brokerages and commodity contracts brokerages) in 

buying or selling financial contracts; or (3) providing other investment services (except securities and commodity 

exchanges), such as portfolio management; investment advice; and trust, fiduciary, and custody services. 

52391 Miscellaneous Intermediation 

See industry description for 523910 below. 

523910 Miscellaneous Intermediation 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acting as principals (except investment bankers, 

securities dealers, and commodity contracts dealers) in buying or selling of financial contracts generally on a spread 

basis. Principals are investors that buy or sell for their own account. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Investment clubs 

Tax liens dealing (i.e., acting as a principal in dealing tax liens to investors) 

Mineral royalties or leases dealing (i.e., acting as a principal in dealing royalties or leases to investors) 

Venture capital companies 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in investment banking, securities dealing, securities brokering, commodity 

contracts dealing, or commodity contracts brokering are classified in Industry Group 5231, Securities and 

Commodity Contracts Intermediation and Brokerage. 

52392 Portfolio Management 

See industry description for 523920 below. 

523920 Portfolio Management 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in managing the portfolio assets (i.e., funds) of others 

on a fee or commission basis. Establishments in this industry have the authority to make investment decisions, and 

they derive fees based on the size and/or overall performance of the portfolio. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Managing trusts 

Pension fund managing 

Mutual fund managing 

Portfolio fund managing 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments primarily engaged in investment banking, securities dealing, securities brokering, commodity 

contracts dealing, or commodity contracts brokering are classified in Industry Group 5231, Securities and 

Commodity Contracts Intermediation and Brokerage. 

52393 Investment Advice 

See industry description for 523930 below. 

523930 Investment Advice 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing customized investment advice to clients on 

a fee basis, but do not have the authority to execute trades. Primary activities performed by establishments in this 

industry are providing financial planning advice and investment counseling to meet the goals and needs of specific 

clients. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Financial investment advice services, customized, fees paid by client 

Investment advisory services, customized, fees paid by client 

Financial planning services, customized, fees paid by client 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments providing investment advice in conjunction with their primary activity, such as portfolio 

management, or the sale of stocks, bonds, annuities, and real estate, are classified according to their 

primary activity; and 

 Establishments known as publishers providing generalized investment information to subscribers are 

classified in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except Internet) or Industry 519130, Internet Publishing 

and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals. 

52399 All Other Financial Investment Activities 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acting as agents or brokers (except securities 

brokerages and commodity contracts brokerages) in buying and selling financial contracts providing financial 

investment activities (except securities and commodity exchanges, portfolio management, and investment advice). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bank trust offices 

Fiduciary agencies (except real estate) 

Escrow agencies (except real estate) 

Stock quotation services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Investment banking, securities dealing, securities brokerage, commodity contracts dealing, or commodity 

contracts brokering--are classified in Industry Group 5231, Securities and Commodity Contracts 

Intermediation and Brokerage; 

 Acting as principals (except investment bankers, securities dealers, and commodity contracts dealers) in 

buying or selling financial contracts (except securities or commodity contracts)--are classified in Industry 

52391, Miscellaneous Intermediation; 

 Furnishing physical or electronic marketplaces for the purpose of facilitating the buying and selling of 

securities and commodities--are classified in Industry 52321, Securities and Commodity Exchanges; 

 Managing the portfolio assets (i.e., funds) of others--are classified in Industry 52392, Portfolio 

Management; 
 Providing customized investment advice--are classified in Industry 52393, Investment Advice; 

 Awarding grants from trust funds--are classified in Industry 81321, Grantmaking and Giving Services; 

 Performing real estate escrow or real estate fiduciary activities--are classified in Industry 53139, Other 

Activities Related to Real Estate; and 

 Financial transactions processing, reserve, and clearinghouse activities--are classified in Industry 52232, 

Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities. 

523991 Trust, Fiduciary, and Custody Activities 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing trust, fiduciary, and custody services 

to others, as instructed, on a fee or contract basis, such as bank trust offices and escrow agencies (except real estate). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Managing the portfolio assets (i.e., funds) of others--are classified in Industry 523920, Portfolio 

Management; 

 Performing real estate escrow or real estate fiduciary activities--are classified in Industry 531390, Other 

Activities Related to Real Estate; and 

 Awarding grants from trust funds--are classified in Industry 81321, Grantmaking and Giving Services. 

523999 Miscellaneous Financial Investment Activities 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acting as agents and/or brokers (except 

securities brokerages and commodity contracts brokerages) in buying or selling financial contracts and those 

providing financial investment services (except securities and commodity exchanges; portfolio management; 

investment advice; and trust, fiduciary, and custody services) on a fee or commission basis. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Exchange clearinghouses, commodities or securities 

Stock quotation services 

Gas lease brokers' offices 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Investment banking, securities dealing, securities brokering, commodity contracts dealing, or commodity 

contracts brokering--are classified in Industry Group 5231, Securities and Commodity Contracts 

Intermediation and Brokerage; 

 Acting as principals (except investment bankers, securities dealers, and commodity contracts dealers) in 

buying or selling financial contracts--are classified in Industry 523910, Miscellaneous Intermediation; 

 Furnishing physical or electronic marketplaces for the purpose of facilitating the buying and selling of 

securities and commodities--are classified in Industry 523210, Securities and Commodity Exchanges; 

 Managing the portfolio assets (i.e., funds) of others--are classified in Industry 523920, Portfolio 

Management; 

 Providing customized investment advice--are classified in Industry 523930, Investment Advice; 

 Providing trust, fiduciary, and custody services to others--are classified in U.S. Industry 523991, Trust, 

Fiduciary, and Custody Activities; and 

 Financial transactions processing, reserve, and clearinghouse activities--are classified in Industry 522320, 

Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities. 

524 Insurance Carriers and Related ActivitiesT 

 Industries in the Insurance Carriers and Related Activities subsector group establishments that are primarily 

engaged in one of the following: (1) underwriting (assuming the risk, assigning premiums, and so forth) annuities 
and insurance policies or (2) facilitating such underwriting by selling insurance policies, and by providing other 

insurance and employee-benefit related services. 

 

5241 Insurance CarriersT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in underwriting (assuming the risk, assigning 

premiums, and so forth) annuities and insurance policies and investing premiums to build up a portfolio of financial 

assets to be used against future claims. Direct insurance carriers are establishments that are primarily engaged in 

initially underwriting and assuming the risk of annuities and insurance policies. Reinsurance carriers are 

establishments that are primarily engaged in assuming all or part of the risk associated with an existing insurance 

policy (or set of policies) originally underwritten by another insurance carrier. 

 Industries are defined in terms of the type of risk being insured against, such as death, loss of employment because 

of age or disability, and/or property damage. Contributions and premiums are set on the basis of actuarial 

calculations of probable payouts based on risk factors from experience tables and expected investment returns on 

reserves. 

52411 Direct Life, Health, and Medical Insurance Carriers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in initially underwriting (i.e., assuming the risk and 

assigning premiums) annuities and life insurance policies, disability income insurance policies, accidental death and 

dismemberment insurance policies, and health and medical insurance policies. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in reinsuring life insurance policies are classified in Industry 52413, 

Reinsurance Carriers; 

 Legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, and/or programs) organized to provide insurance and employee benefits 

exclusively for the sponsor, firm, or its employees or members are classified in Industry Group 5251, 

Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds; and 

 HMO establishments providing health care services are classified in Industry 62149, Other Outpatient Care 

Centers. 

524113 Direct Life Insurance Carriers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in initially underwriting (i.e., assuming the risk 

and assigning premiums) annuities and life insurance policies, disability income insurance policies, and accidental 

death and dismemberment insurance policies. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in reinsuring life insurance policies, disability income insurance policies, 

and accidental death and dismemberment insurance policies are classified in Industry 524130, Reinsurance 

Carriers; and 

 Legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, and/or programs) organized to provide insurance and employee benefits 

exclusively for the sponsor, firm, or its employees or members are classified in Industry Group 5251, 

Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds. 

524114 Direct Health and Medical Insurance Carriers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in initially underwriting (i.e., assuming the risk 

and assigning premiums) health and medical insurance policies. Group hospitalization plans and HMO 

establishments (except those providing health care services) that provide health and medical insurance policies 

without providing health care services are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. 
 HMO establishments that provide both health care services and underwrite health and medical insurance 

are classified in U.S. Industry 621491, HMO Medical Centers; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in reinsuring health insurance policies are classified in Industry 524130, 

Reinsurance Carriers; and 

 Legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, and/or programs) organized to provide health- and welfare-related 

employee benefits exclusively for the sponsor's employees or members are classified in Industry 525120, 

Health and Welfare Funds. 

52412 Direct Insurance (except Life, Health, and Medical) Carriers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in initially underwriting (i.e., assuming the risk and 

assigning premiums) various types of insurance policies (except life, disability income, accidental death and 

dismemberment, and health and medical insurance policies). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automobile insurance carriers, direct 

Property and casualty insurance carriers, direct 

Bank deposit insurance carriers, direct 

Title insurance carriers, real estate, direct 

Mortgage guaranty insurance carriers, direct 

Warranty insurance carriers (e.g., appliance, automobile, homeowners, product), direct 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in reinsuring insurance policies are classified in Industry 52413, 

Reinsurance Carriers; 

 Legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, and/or programs) organized to provide insurance and employee benefits 

exclusively for the sponsor, firm, or its employees or members are classified in Industry Group 5251, 

Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in initially underwriting annuities and life insurance policies, disability 

income insurance policies, accidental death and dismemberment insurance policies, and health and medical 

insurance policies are classified in Industry 52411, Direct Life, Health, and Medical Insurance Carriers. 

524126 Direct Property and Casualty Insurance Carriers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in initially underwriting (i.e., assuming the risk 

and assigning premiums) insurance policies that protect policyholders against losses that may occur as a result of 

property damage or liability. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automobile insurance carriers, direct 

Malpractice insurance carriers, direct 

Fidelity insurance carriers, direct 

Mortgage guaranty insurance carriers, direct 

Homeowners insurance carriers, direct 

Surety insurance carriers, direct 

Liability insurance carriers, direct 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in reinsuring property and casualty insurance policies are classified in Industry 

524130, Reinsurance Carriers. 
524127 Direct Title Insurance Carriers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in initially underwriting (i.e., assuming the risk 

and assigning premiums) insurance policies to protect the owners of real estate or real estate creditors against loss 

sustained by reason of any title defect to real property. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in reinsuring title insurance policies are classified in Industry 524130, 

Reinsurance Carriers. 

524128 Other Direct Insurance (except Life, Health, and Medical) Carriers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in initially underwriting (e.g., assuming the risk, 

assigning premiums) insurance policies (except life, disability income, accidental death and dismemberment, health 

and medical, property and casualty, and title insurance policies). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bank deposit insurance carriers, direct 

Product warranty insurance carriers, direct 

Deposit or share insurance carriers, direct 

Warranty insurance carriers (e.g., appliance, automobile, homeowners, product), direct 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Reinsuring insurance policies--are classified in Industry 524130, Reinsurance Carriers; 

 Initially underwriting annuities and life insurance policies, disability income insurance policies, and 

accidental death and dismemberment insurance policies--are classified in U.S. Industry 524113, Direct Life 

Insurance Carriers; 

 Initially underwriting health and medical insurance policies--are classified in U.S. Industry 524114, Direct 

Health and Medical Insurance Carriers; 

 Initially underwriting property and casualty insurance policies--are classified in U.S. Industry 524126, 

Direct Property and Casualty Insurance Carriers; and 

 Initially underwriting title insurance policies--are classified in U.S. Industry 524127, Direct Title Insurance 

Carriers. 

52413 Reinsurance Carriers 

See industry description for 524130 below. 

524130 Reinsurance Carriers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in assuming all or part of the risk associated with 

existing insurance policies originally underwritten by other insurance carriers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Initially underwriting annuities and life insurance policies, disability income insurance policies, accidental 

death and dismemberment insurance policies, and health and medical insurance policies--are classified in 

Industry 52411, Direct Life, Health, and Medical Insurance Carriers; and 

 Initially underwriting various types of insurance policies (except life, disability income, accidental death 

and dismemberment, and health and medical insurance policies)--are classified in Industry 52412, Direct 

Insurance (except Life, Health, and Medical) Carriers. 

5242 Agencies, Brokerages, and Other Insurance Related ActivitiesT 
 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) acting as agents (i.e., brokers) in selling 

annuities and insurance policies or (2) providing other employee benefits and insurance related services, such as 

claims adjustment and third party administration. 

52421 Insurance Agencies and Brokerages 

See industry description for 524210 below. 

524210 Insurance Agencies and Brokerages 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acting as agents (i.e., brokers) in selling annuities and 

insurance policies. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in underwriting annuities and insurance policies are classified in Industry Group 

5241, Insurance Carriers. 

52429 Other Insurance Related Activities 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing services related to insurance (except 

insurance agencies and brokerages). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Claims adjusting 

Insurance plan administrative services 

Insurance adjusting 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Managing the portfolio assets (i.e., funds) of others--are classified in Industry 52392, Portfolio 

Management; 

 Acting as agents (i.e., brokers) in selling annuities and insurance policies--are classified in Industry 52421, 

Insurance Agencies and Brokerages; and 

 Providing actuarial consulting services--are classified in Industry 54161, Management Consulting Services. 

524291 Claims Adjusting 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in investigating, appraising, and settling insurance 

claims. 

524292 Third Party Administration of Insurance and Pension Funds 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing third party administration services of 

insurance and pension funds, such as claims processing and other administrative services to insurance carriers, 

employee-benefit plans, and self-insurance funds. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Managing the portfolio assets (i.e., funds) of others--are classified in Industry 523920, Portfolio 

Management; and 

 Providing actuarial consulting services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541612, Human Resources 

Consulting Services. 

524298 All Other Insurance Related Activities 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing insurance services on a contract or fee 

basis (except insurance agencies and brokerages, claims adjusting, and third party administration). Insurance 

advisory services and insurance ratemaking services are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing actuarial consulting services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541612, Human Resources 

Consulting Services; 

 Acting as agents (i.e., brokers) in selling annuities and insurance policies--are classified in Industry 

524210, Insurance Agencies and Brokerages; 

 Insurance claims adjusting--are classified in U.S. Industry 524291, Claims Adjusting; and 

 Third party administration services of insurance and pension funds--are classified in U.S. Industry 524292, 

Third Party Administration of Insurance and Pension Funds. 

525 Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles 

 Industries in the Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles subsector are comprised of legal entities (i.e., funds, 

plans, and/or programs) organized to pool securities or other assets on behalf of shareholders or beneficiaries of 

employee benefit or other trust funds. The portfolios are customized to achieve specific investment characteristics, 

such as diversification, risk, rate of return, and price volatility. These entities earn interest, dividends, and other 

investment income, but have little or no employment and no revenue from the sale of services. Establishments with 

employees devoted to the management of funds are classified in Industry Group 5239, Other Financial Investment 

Activities. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in holding the securities of (or other equity interests in) other firms are 

classified in Sector 55, Management of Companies and Enterprises. Equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) 

that are primarily engaged in leasing buildings, dwellings, or other real estate property to others are classified in 

Subsector 531, Real Estate. 

5251 Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds 

 This industry group comprises legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, and/or programs) organized to provide insurance 

and employee benefits exclusively for the sponsor, firm, or its employees or members. 

52511 Pension Funds 

See industry description for 525110 below. 

525110 Pension Funds 

 This industry comprises legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, and/or programs) organized to provide retirement income 

benefits exclusively for the sponsor's employees or members. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Employee benefit plans 

Retirement plans 

Pension funds and plans 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Managing portfolios of pension funds--are classified in Industry 523920, Portfolio Management; and 

 Initially underwriting annuities--are classified in U.S. Industry 524113, Direct Life Insurance Carriers. 

52512 Health and Welfare Funds 

See industry description for 525120 below. 
525120 Health and Welfare Funds 

 This industry comprises legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, and/or programs) organized to provide medical, surgical, 

hospital, vacation, training, and other health- and welfare-related employee benefits exclusively for the sponsor's 

employees or members. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Managing portfolios of health and welfare funds--are classified in Industry 523920, Portfolio Management; 

and 

 Third party claims administration of health and welfare plans--are classified in U.S. Industry 524292, Third 

Party Administration of Insurance and Pension Funds. 

52519 Other Insurance Funds 

See industry description for 525190 below. 

525190 Other Insurance Funds 

 This industry comprises legal entities (i.e., funds (except pension, and health- and welfare-related employee 

benefit funds)) organized to provide insurance exclusively for the sponsor, firm, or its employees or members. Selfinsurance funds (except employee benefit funds) and workers' compensation insurance funds are included in this 

industry. 

Cross-References. 

 Legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, and/or programs) organized to provide retirement income benefits 

exclusively for the sponsor's employees or members are classified in Industry 525110, Pension Funds; 

 Legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, and/or programs) organized to provide health- and welfare-related 

employee benefits exclusively for the sponsor's employees or members are classified in Industry 525120, 

Health and Welfare Funds; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in managing portfolios of insurance funds are classified in Industry 

523920, Portfolio Management; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in third party claims administration of insurance, and other employee 

benefit funds are classified in U.S. Industry 524292, Third Party Administration of Insurance and Pension 

Funds; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing insurance on a fee or contract basis are classified in Industry 

Group 5241, Insurance Carriers. 

5259 Other Investment Pools and Funds 

 This industry group comprises legal entities (i.e., investment pools and/or funds) organized to pool securities or 

other assets (except insurance and employee-benefit funds) on behalf of shareholders, unitholders, or beneficiaries. 

52591 Open-End Investment Funds 

See industry description for 525910 below. 

525910 Open-End Investment Funds 

 This industry comprises legal entities (i.e., open-end investment funds) organized to pool assets that consist of 

securities or other financial instruments. Shares in these pools are offered to the public in an initial offering with 

additional shares offered continuously and perpetually and redeemed at a specific price determined by the net asset 

value. 

Illustrative Examples: 
Investment funds, open-ended 

Money market mutual funds, open-ended 

52592 Trusts, Estates, and Agency Accounts 

See industry description for 525920 below. 

525920 Trusts, Estates, and Agency Accounts 

 This industry comprises legal entities, trusts, estates, or agency accounts, administered on behalf of the 

beneficiaries under the terms of a trust agreement, will, or agency agreement. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bankruptcy estates 

Private estates (i.e., administering on behalf of beneficiaries) 

Personal investment trusts 

Testamentary trusts 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Managing portfolios of trusts--are classified in Industry 523920, Portfolio Management; 

 Administering personal estates--are classified in U.S. Industry 523991, Trust, Fiduciary, and Custody 

Activities; and 

 Operating businesses of trusts and bankruptcy estates--are classified according to the kind of business 

operated. 

52599 Other Financial Vehicles 

See industry description for 525990 below. 

525990 Other Financial Vehicles 

 This industry comprises legal entities (i.e., funds (except insurance and employee benefit funds; open-end 

investment funds; trusts, estates, and agency accounts)). Included in this industry are mortgage Real Estate 

Investment Trusts (REITs). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Closed-end investment funds 

Special purpose vehicles 

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs) 

Unit investment trust funds 

Face-amount certificate funds 

Mortgage real estate investment trusts (REITs) 

Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (REMICs) 

Cross-References. 

 Legal entities (i.e., funds, plans, and programs) that provide insurance and employee benefits exclusively 

for the sponsor, firm, or its employees or members are classified in Industry Group 5251, Insurance and 

Employee Benefit Funds; 

 Legal entities (i.e., open-end investment funds) organized to pool assets that consist of securities or other 

financial instruments, where the pools are offered to the public in an initial offering with additional shares 

offered continuously and perpetually at a specific price determined by the net asset value, are classified in 

Industry 525910, Open-End Investment Funds; 
 Legal entities (i.e., trusts, estates, or agency accounts) administered on behalf of the beneficiaries under the 

terms of a trust agreement, will, or agency agreement are classified in Industry 525920, Trusts, Estates, and 

Agency Accounts; and 

 Equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) that are primarily engaged in leasing buildings, dwellings, or 

other real estate property to others are classified in Industry Group 5311, Lessors of Real Estate based on 

primary type of real estate property leased. 

 
Sector 53--Real Estate and Rental and LeasingT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Real Estate and Rental and Leasing sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting, leasing, or 

otherwise allowing the use of tangible or intangible assets, and establishments providing related services. The major 

portion of this sector comprises establishments that rent, lease, or otherwise allow the use of their own assets by 

others. The assets may be tangible, as is the case of real estate and equipment, or intangible, as is the case with 

patents and trademarks. 

 This sector also includes establishments primarily engaged in managing real estate for others, selling, renting 

and/or buying real estate for others, and appraising real estate. These activities are closely related to this sector's 

main activity, and it was felt that from a production basis they would best be included here. In addition, a 

substantial proportion of property management is self-performed by lessors. 

 The main components of this sector are the real estate lessors industries (including equity real estate investment 

trusts (REITs)); equipment lessors industries (including motor vehicles, computers, and consumer goods); and 

lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works). 

 Excluded from this sector are establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing equipment with operators. 

Establishments renting or leasing equipment with operators are classified in various subsectors of NAICS depending 

on the nature of the services provided (e.g., transportation, construction, agriculture). These activities are excluded 

from this sector because the client is paying for the expertise and knowledge of the equipment operator, in addition 

to the rental of the equipment. In many cases, such as the rental of heavy construction equipment, the operator is 

essential to operate the equipment. 

531 Real EstateT 

 Industries in the Real Estate subsector group establishments that are primarily engaged in renting or leasing real 

estate to others; managing real estate for others; selling, buying, or renting real estate for others; and providing other 

real estate related services, such as appraisal services. 

 This subsector includes equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) that are primarily engaged in leasing 

buildings, dwellings, or other real estate property to others. Mortgage REITs are classified in Subsector 525, Funds, 

Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in subdividing and developing unimproved real estate and constructing 

buildings for sale are classified in Subsector 236, Construction of Buildings. Establishments primarily engaged in 

subdividing and improving raw land for subsequent sale to builders are classified in Subsector 237, Heavy and Civil 

Engineering Construction. 

5311 Lessors of Real EstateT

53111 Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings 

See industry description for 531110 below. 

531110 Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acting as lessors of buildings used as residences or 

dwellings, such as single-family homes, apartment buildings, and town homes. Included in this industry are ownerlessors and establishments renting real estate and then acting as lessors in subleasing it to others. The establishments 

in this industry may manage the property themselves or have another establishment manage it for them. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in managing residential real estate for others are classified in U.S. Industry 

531311, Residential Property Managers. 

53112 Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses) 

See industry description for 531120 below. 
531120 Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses) 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acting as lessors of buildings (except 

miniwarehouses and self-storage units) that are not used as residences or dwellings. Included in this industry are: 

(1) owner-lessors of nonresidential buildings; (2) establishments renting real estate and then acting as lessors in 

subleasing it to others; and (3) establishments providing full service office space, whether on a lease or service 

contract basis. The establishments in this industry may manage the property themselves or have another 

establishment manage it for them. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Acting as lessors of buildings used as residences or dwellings--are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of 

Residential Buildings and Dwellings; 

 Renting or leasing space for self-storage--are classified in Industry 531130, Lessors of Miniwarehouses and 

Self-Storage Units; 

 Managing nonresidential real estate for others--are classified in U.S. Industry 531312, Nonresidential 

Property Managers; 

 Providing a range of office support services, such as mailbox rental, other postal and mailing (except direct 

mail advertising) services, document copying services, facsimile services, word processing services or onsite personal computer rental, that are not providing office space--are classified in Industry 56143, Business 

Service Centers; 

 Managing and operating arenas, stadiums, theaters, or other related facilities and promoting and organizing 

performing arts productions, sports events, and similar events at those facilities--are classified in Industry 

711310, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events with Facilities; and 

 Operating public and contract general merchandise warehousing and storage facilities--are classified in 

Industry 493110, General Warehousing and Storage. 

53113 Lessors of Miniwarehouses and Self-Storage Units 

See industry description for 531130 below. 

531130 Lessors of Miniwarehouses and Self-Storage Units 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing space for self-storage. These 

establishments provide secure space (i.e., rooms, compartments, lockers, containers, or outdoor space) where clients 

can store and retrieve their goods. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating public and contract general merchandise warehousing and storage facilities--are classified in 

Industry 493110, General Warehousing and Storage; and 

 Operating coin-operated lockers--are classified in Industry 812990, All Other Personal Services. 

53119 Lessors of Other Real Estate Property 

See industry description for 531190 below. 

531190 Lessors of Other Real Estate Property 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acting as lessors of real estate (except buildings), 

such as manufactured home (i.e., mobile home) sites, vacant lots, and grazing land. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Acting as lessors of buildings used as residences or dwellings including manufactured (mobile) homes onsite--are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings; 
 Acting as lessors of buildings (except miniwarehouses and self-storage units) that are not used as 

residences or dwellings--are classified in Industry 531120, Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except 

Miniwarehouses); and 

 Renting or leasing space for self-storage--are classified in Industry 531130, Lessors of Miniwarehouses and 

Self-Storage Units. 

5312 Offices of Real Estate Agents and BrokersT

53121 Offices of Real Estate Agents and BrokersT

See industry description for 531210 below. 

531210 Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acting as agents and/or brokers in one or more of the 

following: (1) selling real estate for others; (2) buying real estate for others; and (3) renting real estate for others. 

5313 Activities Related to Real EstateT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing real estate services (except lessors of 

real estate and offices of real estate agents and brokers). Included in this industry group are establishments primarily 

engaged in activities, such as managing real estate for others and appraising real estate. 

53131 Real Estate Property Managers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in managing real property for others. Management 

includes ensuring that various activities associated with the overall operation of the property are performed, such as 

collecting rents, and overseeing other services (e.g., maintenance, security, trash removal.) 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in acting as lessors of real estate are classified in Industry Group 5311, 

Lessors of Real Estate; and 

 Establishments formed on behalf of individual condominium owners or homeowners are classified in 

Industry 81399, Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political 

Organizations). 

531311 Residential Property Managers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in managing residential real estate for others. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in managing nonresidential real estate for others are classified in U.S. 

Industry 531312, Nonresidential Property Managers; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in acting as lessors of buildings used as residences or dwellings are 

classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings; and 

 Establishments formed on behalf of individual residential condominium owners or homeowners are 

classified in Industry 813990, Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and 

Political Organizations). 

531312 Nonresidential Property Managers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in managing nonresidential real estate for others. 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments primarily engaged in managing residential real estate for others are classified in U.S. 

Industry 531311, Residential Property Managers; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in acting as lessors of buildings (except miniwarehouses and self storage 

units) that are not used as residences or dwellings are classified in Industry 531120, Lessors of 

Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses); 

 Establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing space for self-storage are classified in Industry 

531130, Lessors of Miniwarehouses and Self-Storage Units; and 

 Establishments formed on behalf of individual nonresidential condominium owners are classified in 

Industry 813990, Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political 

Organizations). 

53132 Offices of Real Estate Appraisers 

See industry description for 531320 below. 

531320 Offices of Real Estate Appraisers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in estimating the fair market value of real estate. 

53139 Other Activities Related to Real Estate 

See industry description for 531390 below. 

531390 Other Activities Related to Real Estate 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing real estate related services (except lessors 

of real estate, offices of real estate agents and brokers, real estate property managers, and offices of real estate 

appraisers). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Real estate escrow agencies 

Real estate listing services 

Real estate fiduciaries' offices 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Acting as lessors of real estate--are classified in Industry Group 5311, Lessors of Real Estate; 

 Selling, buying, and/or renting real estate for others--are classified in Industry 531210, Offices of Real 

Estate Agents and Brokers; 

 Managing real estate for others--are classified in Industry 53131, Real Estate Property Managers; 

 Estimating fair market value of real estate--are classified in Industry 531320, Offices of Real Estate 

Appraisers; and 

 Researching public land records for ownership of titles and/or conveying real estate titles--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 541191, Title Abstract and Settlement Offices. 

532 Rental and Leasing ServicesT

 Industries in the Rental and Leasing Services subsector include establishments that provide a wide array of 

tangible goods, such as automobiles, computers, consumer goods, and industrial machinery and equipment, to 

customers in return for a periodic rental or lease payment. 

 The subsector includes two main types of establishments: (1) those that are engaged in renting consumer goods 

and equipment and (2) those that are engaged in leasing machinery and equipment often used for business 

operations. The first type typically operates from a retail-like or store-front facility and maintains inventories of 

goods that are rented for short periods of time. The latter type typically does not operate from retail-like locations or 

maintain inventories, and offers longer term leases. These establishments work directly with clients to enable them 
to acquire the use of equipment on a lease basis, or they work with equipment vendors or dealers to support the 

marketing of equipment to their customers under lease arrangements. Equipment lessors generally structure lease 

contracts to meet the specialized needs of their clients and use their remarketing expertise to find other users for 

previously leased equipment. Establishments that provide operating and capital (i.e., finance) leases are included in 

this subsector. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in leasing in combination with providing loans are classified in Sector 52, 

Finance and Insurance. Establishments primarily engaged in leasing real property are classified in Subsector 531, 

Real Estate. Those establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing equipment with operators are classified in 

various subsectors of NAICS depending on the nature of the services provided (e.g., Transportation, Construction, 

Agriculture). These activities are excluded from this subsector since the client is paying for the expertise and 

knowledge of the equipment operator, in addition to the rental of the equipment. In many cases, such as the rental of 

heavy construction equipment, the operator is essential to operate the equipment. Likewise, since the provision of 

crop harvesting services includes both the equipment and operator, it is included in the agriculture subsector. The 

rental or leasing of copyrighted works is classified in Sector 51, Information, and the rental or leasing of assets, such 

as patents, trademarks, and/or licensing agreements is classified in Subsector 533, Lessors of Nonfinancial 

Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works). 

5321 Automotive Equipment Rental and LeasingT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing the following types of 

vehicles: passenger cars and trucks without drivers, and utility trailers. These establishments generally operate 

from a retail-like facility. Some establishments offer only short-term rental, others only longer-term leases, and 

some provide both types of services. 

53211 Passenger Car Rental and LeasingT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing passenger cars without drivers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Renting or leasing passenger cars with drivers (e.g., limousines, hearses, taxis)--are classified in Industry 

Group 4853, Taxi and Limousine Service; 

 Retailing passenger cars through sales or lease arrangements--are classified in Industry Group 4411, 

Automobile Dealers; and 

 Leasing passenger cars in combination with providing loans to buyers of such vehicles--are classified in 

Sector 52, Finance and Insurance. 

532111 Passenger Car Rental 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting passenger cars without drivers, generally 

for short periods of time. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Leasing passenger cars without drivers, generally for long periods of time--are classified in U.S. Industry 

532112, Passenger Car Leasing; and 

 Renting or leasing passenger cars with drivers (e.g., limousines, hearses, taxis)--are classified in Industry 

Group 4853, Taxi and Limousine Service. 

532112 Passenger Car Leasing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in leasing passenger cars without drivers, generally 

for long periods of time. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Renting passenger cars without drivers, generally for short periods of time--are classified in U.S. Industry 

532111, Passenger Car Rental; 

 Renting or leasing passenger cars with drivers (e.g., limousines, hearses, taxis)--are classified in Industry 

Group 4853, Taxi and Limousine Service; 

 Retailing passenger cars through sales or lease arrangements--are classified in Industry Group 4411, 

Automobile Dealers; and 

 Leasing passenger cars in combination with providing loans to buyers of such vehicles--are classified in 

Sector 52, Finance and Insurance. 

53212 Truck, Utility Trailer, and RV (Recreational Vehicle) Rental and LeasingT

See industry description for 532120 below. 

532120 Truck, Utility Trailer, and RV (Recreational Vehicle) Rental and Leasing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing, without drivers, one or more of the 

following: trucks, truck tractors, buses, semitrailers, utility trailers, or RVs (recreational vehicles). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Renting recreational goods, such as pleasure boats, canoes, motorcycles, mopeds, or bicycles--are classified 

in Industry 53229, Other Consumer Goods Rental; 

 Renting or leasing farm tractors, industrial equipment, and industrial trucks, such as forklifts and other 

materials handling equipment--are classified in Industry 532490, Other Commercial and Industrial 

Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing; 

 Renting or leasing mobile home sites--are classified in Industry 531190, Lessors of Other Real Estate 

Property; 

 Retailing vehicles commonly referred to as RVs through sales or lease arrangements--are classified in 

Industry 441210, Recreational Vehicle Dealers; and 

 Leasing trucks, utility trailers, and RVs in combination with providing loans to buyers of such vehicles--are 

classified in Sector 52, Finance and Insurance. 

5322 Consumer Goods RentalT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting personal and household-type goods. 

Establishments classified in this industry group generally provide short-term rental although in some instances, the 

goods may be leased for longer periods of time. These establishments often operate from a retail-like or store-front 

facility. 

53221 Consumer Electronics and Appliances RentalT

See industry description for 532210 below. 

532210 Consumer Electronics and Appliances Rental 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting consumer electronics equipment and 

appliances, such as televisions, stereos, and refrigerators. Included in this industry are appliance rental centers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Renting or leasing computers--are classified in Industry 532420, Office Machinery and Equipment Rental 

and Leasing; and 

 Renting a range of consumer, commercial, and industrial equipment, such as lawn and garden equipment, 

home repair tools, and party and banquet equipment--are classified in Industry 532310, General Rental 

Centers. 

53222 Formal Wear and Costume RentalT
See industry description for 532220 below. 

532220 Formal Wear and Costume Rental

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting clothing, such as formal wear, costumes (e.g., 

theatrical), or other clothing (except laundered uniforms and work apparel). 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in laundering and supplying uniforms and other work apparel are classified in 

Industry 81233, Linen and Uniform Supply. 

53223 Video Tape and Disc RentalT

See industry description for 532230 below. 

532230 Video Tape and Disc Rental 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting prerecorded video tapes and discs for home 

electronic equipment. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Theatrical distribution of motion pictures and videos--are classified in Subsector 512, Motion Picture and 

Sound Recording Industries; 

 Renting video recorders and players--are classified in Industry 532210, Consumer Electronics and 

Appliances Rental; and 

 Retailing prerecorded video tapes and discs--are classified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics Stores. 

53229 Other Consumer Goods RentalT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting consumer goods (except consumer 

electronics and appliances, formal wear and costumes, and prerecorded video tapes). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Furniture rental centers 

Sporting goods rental 

Party rental supply centers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Renting consumer electronics and appliances--are classified in Industry 53221, Consumer Electronics and 

Appliances Rental; 

 Renting formal wear and costumes--are classified in Industry 53222, Formal Wear and Costume Rental; 

 Renting prerecorded video tapes and discs--are classified in Industry 53223, Video Tape and Disc Rental; 

 Renting a general line of products, such as lawn and garden equipment, home repair tools, and party and 

banquet equipment--are classified in Industry 53231, General Rental Centers; 

 Renting medical equipment (except home health equipment), such as electromedical and electrotherapeutic 

apparatus--are classified in Industry 53249, Other Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment 

Rental and Leasing; 

 Providing home health care services and home health equipment--are classified in Industry 62161, Home 

Health Care Services; and 

 Retailing and renting musical instruments--are classified in Industry 45114, Musical Instrument and 

Supplies Stores. 
532291 Home Health Equipment Rental 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting home-type health and invalid 

equipment, such as wheel chairs, hospital beds, oxygen tanks, walkers, and crutches. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Renting medical equipment (except home health equipment), such as electromedical and electrotherapeutic 

apparatus--are classified in Industry 532490, Other Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment 

Rental and Leasing; and 

 Providing home health care services and home health equipment--are classified in Industry 621610, Home 

Health Care Services. 

532292 Recreational Goods Rental 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting recreational goods, such as bicycles, 

canoes, motorcycles, skis, sailboats, beach chairs, and beach umbrellas. 

532299 All Other Consumer Goods Rental 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting consumer goods and products (except 

consumer electronics and appliances; formal wear and costumes; prerecorded video tapes and discs for home 

electronic equipment; home health furniture and equipment; and recreational goods). Included in this industry are 

furniture rental centers and party rental supply centers. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Renting consumer electronics and appliances--are classified in Industry 532210, Consumer Electronics and 

Appliances Rental; 

 Renting formal wear and costumes--are classified in Industry 532220, Formal Wear and Costume Rental; 

 Renting video tapes and discs--are classified in Industry 532230, Video Tape and Disc Rental; 

 Renting home health furniture and equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 532291, Home Health 

Equipment Rental; 

 Renting recreational goods--are classified in U.S. Industry 532292, Recreational Goods Rental; 

 Retailing and renting musical instruments--are classified in Industry 451140, Musical Instrument and 

Supplies Stores; and 

 Renting a range of consumer, commercial, and industrial equipment, such as lawn and garden equipment, 

home repair tools, and party and banquet equipment--are classified in Industry 532310, General Rental 

Centers. 

5323 General Rental CentersT

53231 General Rental CentersT

See industry description for 532310 below. 

532310 General Rental Centers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting a range of consumer, commercial, and 

industrial equipment. Establishments in this industry typically operate from conveniently located facilities where 

they maintain inventories of goods and equipment that they rent for short periods of time. The type of equipment 

that establishments in this industry provide often includes, but is not limited to: audio visual equipment, contractors' 

and builders' tools and equipment, home repair tools, lawn and garden equipment, moving equipment and supplies, 

and party and banquet equipment and supplies. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Renting trucks and trailers without drivers--are classified in Industry 532120, Truck, Utility Trailer, and 

RV (Recreational Vehicle) Rental and Leasing; 

 Renting party and banquet equipment--are classified in Industry 53229, Other Consumer Goods Rental; 

 Renting heavy construction equipment without operators--are classified in U.S. Industry 532412, 

Construction, Mining, and Forestry Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing; and 

 Renting specialized types of commercial and industrial equipment, such as garden tractors or public address 

systems--are classified in Industry 532490, Other Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment 

Rental and Leasing. 

5324 Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and LeasingT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing commercial-type and 

industrial-type machinery and equipment. The types of establishments included in this industry group are generally 

involved in providing capital or investment-type equipment that clients use in their business operations. These 

establishments typically cater to a business clientele and do not generally operate a retail-like or store-front facility. 

53241 Construction, Transportation, Mining, and Forestry Machinery and Equipment Rental and LeasingT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing one or more of the following 

without operators: heavy construction, off-highway transportation, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment. 

Establishments in this industry may rent or lease products, such as aircraft, railroad cars, steamships, tugboats, 

bulldozers, earthmoving equipment, well-drilling machinery and equipment, or cranes. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Renting or leasing automobiles or trucks without operators--are classified in Industry Group 5321, 

Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing; 

 Renting or leasing air, rail, highway, and water transportation equipment with operators--are classified in 

Sector 48-49, Transportation and Warehousing, based on their primary activity; 

 Renting or leasing heavy construction equipment with operators--are classified in Industry Group 2389, 

Other Specialty Trade Contractors; 

 Renting or leasing heavy equipment for mining with operators--are classified in Industry 21311, Support 

Activities for Mining; 

 Renting or leasing heavy equipment for forestry with operators--are classified in Industry 11531, Support 

Activities for Forestry; and 

 Leasing heavy equipment in combination with providing loans to buyers of such equipment--are classified 

in Sector 52, Finance and Insurance. 

532411 Commercial Air, Rail, and Water Transportation Equipment Rental and Leasing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing off-highway transportation 

equipment without operators, such as aircraft, railroad cars, steamships, or tugboats. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Renting or leasing air, rail, highway, and water transportation equipment with operators--are classified in 

Sector 48-49, Transportation and Warehousing, based on their primary activity; 

 Renting pleasure boats--are classified in U.S. Industry 532292, Recreational Goods Rental; and 

 Renting or leasing automobiles or trucks without drivers--are classified in Industry Group 5321, 

Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing. 

532412 Construction, Mining, and Forestry Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing heavy equipment without 

operators that may be used for construction, mining, or forestry, such as bulldozers, earthmoving equipment, welldrilling machinery and equipment, or cranes. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Renting or leasing of cranes with operators--are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade 

Contractors; 

 Renting or leasing of construction equipment with operators (except cranes)--are classified in 238910, Site 

Preparation Contractors; 

 Renting or leasing heavy equipment for mining with operators--are classified in Industry 21311, Support 

Activities for Mining; 

 Renting or leasing heavy equipment for forestry with operators--are classified in Industry 115310, Support 

Activities for Forestry; and 

 Leasing heavy equipment in combination with providing loans to buyers of such equipment--are classified 

in Sector 52, Finance and Insurance. 

53242 Office Machinery and Equipment Rental and LeasingT

See industry description for 532420 below. 

532420 Office Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing office machinery and equipment, 

such as computers, office furniture, duplicating machines (i.e., copiers), or facsimile machines. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Renting or leasing residential furniture--are classified in Industry 53229, Other Consumer Goods Rental; 

and 

 Leasing office machinery and equipment in combination with providing loans to buyers of such equipment-

-are classified in Sector 52, Finance and Insurance. 

53249 Other Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and LeasingT

See industry description for 532490 below. 

532490 Other Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing nonconsumer-type machinery and 

equipment (except heavy construction, transportation, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment without 

operators; and office machinery and equipment). Establishments in this industry rent or lease products, such as 

manufacturing equipment; metalworking, telecommunications, motion picture, theatrical machinery and equipment, 

or service industry machinery; institutional (i.e., public building) furniture, such as furniture for schools, theaters, or 

buildings; or agricultural equipment without operators. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Renting or leasing heavy equipment without operators--are classified in Industry 53241, Construction, 

Transportation, Mining, and Forestry Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing; 

 Renting or leasing office machinery and equipment--are classified in Industry 532420, Office Machinery 

and Equipment Rental and Leasing; 

 Renting or leasing agricultural machinery and equipment with operators--are classified in Subsector 115, 

Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry; 

 Renting home furniture or medical equipment for home use--are classified in Industry 53229, Other 

Consumer Goods Rental; and 
 Leasing nonconsumer machinery and equipment in combination with providing loans to buyers of such 

equipment--are classified in Sector 52, Finance and Insurance. 

533 Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works)T

 Industries in the Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) subsector include 

establishments that are primarily engaged in assigning rights to assets, such as patents, trademarks, brand names, 

and/or franchise agreements for which a royalty payment or licensing fee is paid to the asset holder. Establishments 

in this subsector own the patents, trademarks, and/or franchise agreements that they allow others to use or reproduce 

for a fee and may or may not have created those assets. 

 Establishments that allow franchisees the use of the franchise name, contingent on the franchisee buying products 

or services from the franchisor, are classified elsewhere. 

 Excluded from this subsector are establishments primarily engaged in leasing real property and establishments 

primarily engaged in leasing tangible assets, such as automobiles, computers, consumer goods, and industrial 

machinery and equipment. These establishments are classified in Subsector 531, Real Estate and Subsector 532, 

Rental and Leasing Services, respectively. 

5331 Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works)T

53311 Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works)T

See industry description for 533110 below. 

533110 Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works)

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in assigning rights to assets, such as patents, 

trademarks, brand names, and/or franchise agreements for which a royalty payment or licensing fee is paid to the 

asset holder. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in producing, reproducing, and/or distributing copyrighted works are 

classified in Sector 51, Information; 

 Independent artists, writers, and performers primarily engaged in creating copyrighted works are classified 

in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in leasing real property are classified in Subsector 531, Real Estate; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in leasing tangible assets, such as automobiles, computers, consumer 

goods, and industrial machinery and equipment, are classified in Subsector 532, Rental and Leasing 

Services; and 

 Establishments that allow franchisees the use of the franchise name, contingent on the franchisee buying 

products or services from the franchisor are classified elsewhere. 

 
Sector 54--Professional, Scientific, and Technical ServicesT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services sector comprises establishments that specialize in performing 

professional, scientific, and technical activities for others. These activities require a high degree of expertise and 

training. The establishments in this sector specialize according to expertise and provide these services to clients in a 

variety of industries and, in some cases, to households. Activities performed include: legal advice and 

representation; accounting, bookkeeping, and payroll services; architectural, engineering, and specialized design 

services; computer services; consulting services; research services; advertising services; photographic services; 

translation and interpretation services; veterinary services; and other professional, scientific, and technical services. 

 This sector excludes establishments primarily engaged in providing a range of day-to-day office administrative 

services, such as financial planning, billing and recordkeeping, personnel, and physical distribution and logistics. 

These establishments are classified in Sector 56, Administrative and Support and Waste Management and 

Remediation Services. 

541 Professional, Scientific, and Technical ServicesT 

 Industries in the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services subsector group establishments engaged in 

processes where human capital is the major input. These establishments make available the knowledge and skills of 

their employees, often on an assignment basis, where an individual or team is responsible for the delivery of services 

to the client. The individual industries of this subsector are defined on the basis of the particular expertise and 

training of the services provider. 

 The distinguishing feature of the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services subsector is the fact that most of 

the industries grouped in it have production processes that are almost wholly dependent on worker skills. In most of 

these industries, equipment and materials are not of major importance, unlike health care, for example, where "high 

tech" machines and materials are important collaborating inputs to labor skills in the production of health care. 

Thus, the establishments classified in this subsector sell expertise. Much of the expertise requires degrees, though 

not in every case. 

5411 Legal ServicesT

54111 Offices of LawyersT

See industry description for 541110 below. 

541110 Offices of Lawyers 

 This industry comprises offices of legal practitioners known as lawyers or attorneys (i.e., counselors-at-law) 

primarily engaged in the practice of law. Establishments in this industry may provide expertise in a range or in 

specific areas of law, such as criminal law, corporate law, family and estate law, patent law, real estate law, or tax 

law. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments of legal practitioners (except lawyers or attorneys) primarily engaged in providing specialized 

legal or paralegal services are classified in Industry 54119, Other Legal Services. 

54112 Offices of NotariesT

See industry description for 541120 below. 

541120 Offices of Notaries 

 This industry comprises establishments (except offices of lawyers and attorneys) primarily engaged in drafting, 

approving, and executing legal documents, such as real estate transactions, wills, and contracts; and in receiving, 

indexing, and storing such documents. 
Cross-References. 

 Establishments of lawyers and attorneys primarily engaged in the practice of law are classified in Industry 

541110, Offices of Lawyers; and 

 Establishments of notaries public engaged in activities, such as administering oaths and taking affidavits 

and depositions, witnessing and certifying signatures on documents, but not empowered to draw and 

approve legal documents and contracts, are classified in U.S. Industry 541199, All Other Legal Services. 

54119 Other Legal ServicesT

 This industry comprises establishments of legal practitioners (except lawyers and attorneys) primarily engaged in 

providing specialized legal or paralegal services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Notary public services 

Process serving services 

Paralegal services 

Real estate settlement offices 

Patent agent services (i.e., patent filing and searching services) 

Real estate title abstract companies 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments of lawyers and attorneys primarily engaged in the practice of law are classified in Industry 

54111, Offices of Lawyers; and 

 Establishments (except offices of lawyers, attorneys, and paralegals) primarily engaged in providing 

arbitration and conciliation services are classified in Industry 54199, All Other Professional, Scientific, and 

Technical Services. 

541191 Title Abstract and Settlement Offices 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except offices of lawyers and attorneys) primarily engaged in one or 

more of the following activities: (1) researching public land records to gather information relating to real estate 

titles; (2) preparing documents necessary for the transfer of the title, financing, and settlement; (3) conducting final 

real estate settlements and closings; and (4) filing legal and other documents relating to the sale of real estate. Real 

estate settlement offices, title abstract companies, and title search companies are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments of lawyers and attorneys primarily engaged in the practice of law are classified in Industry 541110, 

 Offices of Lawyers. 

541199 All Other Legal Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments of legal practitioners (except offices of lawyers and attorneys, 

settlement offices, and title abstract offices). These establishments are primarily engaged in providing specialized 

legal or paralegal services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Notary public services 

Patent agent services (i.e., patent filing and searching services) 

Paralegal services 

Process serving services 
Cross-References. 

 Establishments of lawyers and attorneys primarily engaged in the practice of law are classified in Industry 

541110, Offices of Lawyers; 

 Establishments (except offices of lawyers and attorneys) primarily engaged in researching public land 

records for ownership or title; preparing documents necessary for the transfer of the title, financing, and 

settlement; conducting final real estate settlements and closings; and/or filing legal and other documents 

relating to the sale of real estate are classified in U.S. Industry 541191, Title Abstract and Settlement 

Offices; and 

 Establishments (except offices of lawyers, attorneys, and paralegals) primarily engaged in providing 

arbitration and conciliation services are classified in Industry 541990, All Other Professional, Scientific, 

and Technical Services. 

5412 Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll ServicesT

54121 Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll ServicesT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing services, such as auditing of accounting 

records, designing accounting systems, preparing financial statements, developing budgets, preparing tax returns, 

processing payrolls, bookkeeping, and billing. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Accountants' offices 

Payroll processing services 

Bookkeeping services 

Tax return preparation services 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments providing computer data processing services at their own facility for others are classified in 

Industry 51821, Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services. 

541211 Offices of Certified Public Accountants 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments of accountants that are certified to audit the accounting records of 

public and private organizations and to attest to compliance with generally accepted accounting practices. Offices of 

certified public accountants (CPAs) may provide one or more of the following accounting services: (1) auditing 

financial statements; (2) designing accounting systems; (3) preparing financial statements; (4) developing budgets; 

and (5) providing advice on matters related to accounting. These establishments may also provide related services, 

such as bookkeeping, tax return preparation, and payroll processing. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing tax return preparation services only--are classified in U.S. Industry 541213, Tax Preparation 

Services; 

 Providing payroll processing services only--are classified in U.S. Industry 541214, Payroll Services; and 

 Providing accounting, bookkeeping, and billing services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541219, Other 

Accounting Services. 

541213 Tax Preparation Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except offices of CPAs) engaged in providing tax return preparation 

services without also providing accounting, bookkeeping, billing, or payroll processing services. Basic knowledge 

of tax law and filing requirements is required. 
Cross-References. 

 Establishments of CPAs are classified in U.S. Industry 541211, Offices of Certified Public Accountants; 

 Establishments of non-CPAs providing payroll services along with tax return preparation services are 

classified in U.S. Industry 541214, Payroll Services; 

 Establishments of non-CPAs providing accounting, bookkeeping, or billing services along with tax return 

preparation services are classified in U.S. Industry 541219, Other Accounting Services; and 

 Establishments providing computer data processing services at their own facility for others are classified in 

Industry 518210, Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services. 

541214 Payroll Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except offices of CPAs) engaged in the following without also 

providing accounting, bookkeeping, or billing services: (1) collecting information on hours worked, pay rates, 

deductions, and other payroll-related data from their clients; and (2) using that information to generate paychecks, 

payroll reports, and tax filings. These establishments may use data processing and tabulating techniques as part of 

providing their services. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments of CPAs are classified in U.S. Industry 541211, Offices of Certified Public Accountants; 

 Establishments of non-CPAs providing tax return preparation services only are classified in U.S. Industry 

541213, Tax Preparation Services; and 

 Establishments of non-CPAs providing accounting, bookkeeping, or billing services along with payroll 

services are classified in U.S. Industry 541219, Other Accounting Services. 

541219 Other Accounting Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except offices of CPAs) engaged in providing accounting services 

(except tax return preparation services only or payroll services only). These establishments may also provide tax 

return preparation or payroll services. Accountant (except CPA) offices, bookkeeper offices, and billing offices are 

included in this industry. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments of CPAs are classified in U.S. Industry 541211, Offices of Certified Public Accountants; 

 Establishments of non-CPAs engaged in providing tax return preparation services only are classified in 

U.S. Industry 541213, Tax Preparation Services; and 

 Establishments of non-CPAs engaged in providing payroll services only are classified in U.S. Industry 

541214, Payroll Services. 

5413 Architectural, Engineering, and Related ServicesT

54131 Architectural ServicesT

See industry description for 541310 below. 

541310 Architectural Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in planning and designing residential, institutional, 

leisure, commercial, and industrial buildings and structures by applying knowledge of design, construction 

procedures, zoning regulations, building codes, and building materials. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Planning and designing the development of land areas--are classified in Industry 541320, Landscape 

Architectural Services; and 

 Both the design and construction of buildings, highways, or other structures or in managing construction 

projects--are classified in Sector 23, Construction, according to the type of project. 

54132 Landscape Architectural ServicesT

See industry description for 541320 below. 

541320 Landscape Architectural Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in planning and designing the development of land 

areas for projects, such as parks and other recreational areas; airports; highways; hospitals; schools; land 

subdivisions; and commercial, industrial, and residential areas, by applying knowledge of land characteristics, 

location of buildings and structures, use of land areas, and design of landscape projects. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Garden planning services 

Landscape architects' offices 

Golf course or ski area design services 

Landscape consulting services 

Industrial land use planning services 

Landscape design services 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing landscape care and maintenance services and/or installing trees, 

shrubs, plants, lawns, or gardens along with the design of landscape plans are classified in Industry 561730, 

Landscaping Services. 

54133 Engineering ServicesT

See industry description for 541330 below. 

541330 Engineering Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in applying physical laws and principles of engineering 

in the design, development, and utilization of machines, materials, instruments, structures, processes, and systems. 

The assignments undertaken by these establishments may involve any of the following activities: provision of 

advice, preparation of feasibility studies, preparation of preliminary and final plans and designs, provision of 

technical services during the construction or installation phase, inspection and evaluation of engineering projects, 

and related services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Civil engineering services 

Environmental engineering services 

Construction engineering services 

Mechanical engineering services 

Engineers' offices 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Planning and designing computer systems that integrate computer hardware, software, and communication 

technologies--are classified in U.S. Industry 541512, Computer Systems Design Services; 

 Performing surveying and mapping services of the surface of the earth, including the sea floor--are 

classified in Industry 541370, Surveying and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services; 
 Gathering, interpreting, and mapping geophysical data--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical 

Surveying and Mapping Services; 

 Creating and developing designs and specifications that optimize the use, value, and appearance of 

products--are classified in Industry 541420, Industrial Design Services; 

 Providing advice and assistance to others on environmental issues, such as the control of environmental 

contamination from pollutants, toxic substances, and hazardous materials--are classified in Industry 

541620, Environmental Consulting Services; and 

 Both the design and construction of buildings, highways, and other structures or in managing construction 

projects--are classified in Sector 23, Construction, according to the type of project. 

54134 Drafting ServicesT

See industry description for 541340 below. 

541340 Drafting Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in drawing detailed layouts, plans, and illustrations of 

buildings, structures, systems, or components from engineering and architectural specifications. 

54135 Building Inspection ServicesT

See industry description for 541350 below. 

541350 Building Inspection Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing building inspection services. These 

establishments typically evaluate all aspects of the building structure and component systems and prepare a report 

on the physical condition of the property, generally for buyers or others involved in real estate transactions. 

Building inspection bureaus and establishments providing home inspection services are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Inspecting buildings for termites and other pests--are classified in Industry 561710, Exterminating and Pest 

Control Services; 

 Inspecting buildings for hazardous materials--are classified in Industry 541620, Environmental Consulting 

Services; and 

 Conducting building inspections and enforcing building codes and standards--are classified in Industry 

926150, Regulation, Licensing, and Inspection of Miscellaneous Commercial Sectors. 

54136 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping ServicesT

See industry description for 541360 below. 

541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in gathering, interpreting, and mapping geophysical 

data. Establishments in this industry often specialize in locating and measuring the extent of subsurface resources, 

such as oil, gas, and minerals, but they may also conduct surveys for engineering purposes. Establishments in this 

industry use a variety of surveying techniques depending on the purpose of the survey, including magnetic surveys, 

gravity surveys, seismic surveys, or electrical and electromagnetic surveys. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in taking core samples, drilling test wells, or other mine development activities 

(except geophysical surveying and mapping) on a contract basis for others are classified in Industry 21311, Support 

Activities for Mining. 

54137 Surveying and Mapping (except Geophysical) ServicesT

See industry description for 541370 below. 
541370 Surveying and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing surveying and mapping services of the 

surface of the earth, including the sea floor. These services may include surveying and mapping of areas above or 

below the surface of the earth, such as the creation of view easements or segregating rights in parcels of land by 

creating underground utility easements. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Cadastral surveying services 

Mapping (except geophysical) services 

Cartographic surveying services 

Topographic surveying services 

Geodetic surveying services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing geophysical surveying and mapping services--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical 

Surveying and Mapping Services; 

 Publishing atlases and maps, except for exclusive Internet publishing--are classified in Industry 511130, 

Book Publishers; and 

 Publishing atlases and maps exclusively on the Internet--are classified in Industry 519130, Internet 

Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals. 

54138 Testing LaboratoriesT

See industry description for 541380 below. 

541380 Testing Laboratories 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing physical, chemical, and other analytical 

testing services, such as acoustics or vibration testing, assaying, biological testing (except medical and veterinary), 

calibration testing, electrical and electronic testing, geotechnical testing, mechanical testing, nondestructive testing, 

or thermal testing. The testing may occur in a laboratory or on-site. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Laboratory testing for the medical profession--are classified in Industry 62151, Medical and Diagnostic 

Laboratories; 

 Veterinary testing services--are classified in Industry 541940, Veterinary Services; and 

 Auto emissions testing--are classified in U.S. Industry 811198, All Other Automotive Repair and 

Maintenance. 

5414 Specialized Design ServicesT

 This industry group comprises establishments providing specialized design services (except architectural, 

engineering, and computer systems design). 

54141 Interior Design ServicesT

See industry description for 541410 below. 

541410 Interior Design Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in planning, designing, and administering projects in 

interior spaces to meet the physical and aesthetic needs of people using them, taking into consideration building 

codes, health and safety regulations, traffic patterns and floor planning, mechanical and electrical needs, and interior 
fittings and furniture. Interior designers and interior design consultants work in areas, such as hospitality design, 

health care design, institutional design, commercial and corporate design, and residential design. This industry also 

includes interior decorating consultants engaged exclusively in providing aesthetic services associated with interior 

spaces. 

54142 Industrial Design ServicesT

See industry description for 541420 below. 

541420 Industrial Design Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in creating and developing designs and specifications 

that optimize the use, value, and appearance of their products. These services can include the determination of the 

materials, construction, mechanisms, shape, color, and surface finishes of the product, taking into consideration 

human characteristics and needs, safety, market appeal, and efficiency in production, distribution, use, and 

maintenance. Establishments providing automobile or furniture industrial design services or industrial design 

consulting services are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Applying physical laws and principles of engineering in the design, development, and utilization of 

machines, materials, instruments, structures, processes, and systems--are classified in Industry 541330, 

Engineering Services; and 

 Designing clothing, shoes, or jewelry--are classified in Industry 541490, Other Specialized Design 

Services. 

54143 Graphic Design ServicesT

See industry description for 541430 below. 

541430 Graphic Design Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in planning, designing, and managing the production of 

visual communication in order to convey specific messages or concepts, clarify complex information, or project 

visual identities. These services can include the design of printed materials, packaging, advertising, signage 

systems, and corporate identification (logos). This industry also includes commercial artists engaged exclusively in 

generating drawings and illustrations requiring technical accuracy or interpretative skills. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Commercial art studios 

Independent commercial or graphic artists 

Corporate identification (i.e., logo) design services 

Medical art or illustration services 

Graphic design consulting services 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in creating and/or placing public display advertising material are 

classified in Industry 541850, Outdoor Advertising; and 

 Independent artists primarily engaged in creating and selling visual artwork for noncommercial use and 

independent cartoonists are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers. 

54149 Other Specialized Design ServicesT

See industry description for 541490 below. 

541490 Other Specialized Design Services 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing professional design services (except 

architectural, landscape architecture, engineering, interior, industrial, graphic, and computer system design). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Costume design services (except independent theatrical costume designers) 

Jewelry design services 

Fashion design services 

Float design services 

Shoe design services 

Fur design services 

Textile design services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing architectural design services--are classified in Industry 541310, Architectural Services; 

 Providing landscape architecture design services--are classified in Industry 541320, Landscape 

Architectural Services; 

 Providing engineering design services--are classified in Industry 541330, Engineering Services; 

 Providing interior design services--are classified in Industry 541410, Interior Design Services; 

 Providing industrial design services--are classified in Industry 541420, Industrial Design Services; 

 Providing graphic design services--are classified in Industry 541430, Graphic Design Services; 

 Providing computer systems design services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541512, Computer Systems 

Design Services; and 

 Operating as independent theatrical designers--are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, 

Writers, and Performers. 

5415 Computer Systems Design and Related ServicesT

54151 Computer Systems Design and Related ServicesT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing expertise in the field of information 

technologies through one or more of the following activities: (1) writing, modifying, testing, and supporting 

software to meet the needs of a particular customer; (2) planning and designing computer systems that integrate 

computer hardware, software, and communication technologies; (3) on-site management and operation of clients' 

computer systems and/or data processing facilities; and (4) other professional and technical computer-related advice 

and services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Computer facilities management services 

Custom computer programming services 

Computer hardware or software consulting services 

Software installation services 

Computer systems integration design services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Selling computer hardware or software products from retail-like locations and providing supporting 

services, such as customized assembly of personal computers--are classified in Industry 44314, Electronics 

and Appliance Stores; 

 Merchant wholesaling computer hardware or software products and providing supporting services, such as 

customized assembly of personal computers--are classified in Industry 42343, Computer and Computer 

Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; 

 Publishing packaged software--are classified in Industry 51121, Software Publishers; and 
 Providing computer data processing services at their own facility for others--are classified in Industry 

51821, Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services. 

541511 Custom Computer Programming Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in writing, modifying, testing, and supporting 

software to meet the needs of a particular customer. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Publishing packaged software--are classified in Industry 511210, Software Publishers; and 

 Planning and designing computer systems that integrate computer hardware, software, and communication 

technologies, even though such establishments may provide custom software as an integral part of their 

services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541512, Computer Systems Design Services. 

541512 Computer Systems Design Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in planning and designing computer systems that 

integrate computer hardware, software, and communication technologies. The hardware and software components 

of the system may be provided by this establishment or company as part of integrated services or may be provided 

by third parties or vendors. These establishments often install the system and train and support users of the system. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Computer systems integration design consulting services 

Local area network (LAN) computer systems integration design services 

Information management computer systems integration design services 

Office automation computer systems integration design services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Selling computer hardware or software products and systems from retail-like locations, and providing 

supporting services, such as customized assembly of personal computers--are classified in U.S. Industry 

443142, Electronics Stores; and 

 Merchant wholesaling computer hardware or software products and providing supporting services, such as 

customized assembly of personal computers--are classified in Industry 423430, Computer and Computer 

Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers. 

541513 Computer Facilities Management Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing on-site management and operation of 

clients' computer systems and/or data processing facilities. Establishments providing computer systems or data 

processing facilities support services are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing computer data processing services at their own facility for others 

are classified in Industry 518210, Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services. 

541519 Other Computer Related Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing computer related services (except 

custom programming, systems integration design, and facilities management services). Establishments providing 

computer disaster recovery services or software installation services are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Providing custom computer programming services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541511, Custom 

Computer Programming Services; 

 Providing computer systems integration design services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541512, Computer 

Systems Design Services; and 

 Providing computer systems and/or data processing facilities management services--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 541513, Computer Facilities Management Services. 

5416 Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting ServicesT

54161 Management Consulting ServicesT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing advice and assistance to businesses and 

other organizations on management issues, such as strategic and organizational planning; financial planning and 

budgeting; marketing objectives and policies; human resource policies, practices, and planning; production 

scheduling; and control planning. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Actuarial, benefit, and compensation consulting services 

Marketing consulting services 

Administrative and general management consulting services 

Process, physical distribution, and logistics consulting services 

Human resources consulting services 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing a range of day-to-day office administrative services, such as 

financial planning, billing and recordkeeping, personnel, and physical distribution and logistics are 

classified in Industry 56111, Office Administrative Services; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing executive search, recruitment, and placement services are 

classified in Industry 56131, Employment Placement Agencies and Executive Search Services; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing other establishments of the 

company or enterprise (except government establishments) are classified in Industry 55111, Management 

of Companies and Enterprises; 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing governmental 

programs are classified in Sector 92, Public Administration; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in professional and management development training are classified in 

Industry 61143, Professional and Management Development Training; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in listing employment vacancies and in selecting, referring, and placing 

applicants in employment are classified in Industry 56131, Employment Placement Agencies and Executive 

Search Services; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in developing and implementing public relations plans are classified in 

Industry 54182, Public Relations Agencies; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in developing and conducting marketing research or public opinion 

polling are classified in Industry 54191, Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in planning and designing industrial processes and systems are classified 

in Industry 54133, Engineering Services; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in planning and designing computer systems are classified in Industry 

54151, Computer Systems Design and Related Services; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing financial investment advice services are classified in 

Industry 52393, Investment Advice. 

541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing operating advice and assistance to 

businesses and other organizations on administrative management issues, such as financial planning and budgeting, 

equity and asset management, records management, office planning, strategic and organizational planning, site 

selection, new business startup, and business process improvement. This industry also includes establishments of 

general management consultants that provide a full range of administrative; human resource; marketing; process, 

physical distribution, and logistics; or other management consulting services to clients. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Administrative management consulting services 

Site selection consulting services 

Financial management (except investment advice) consulting services 

Strategic planning consulting services 

General management consulting services 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing a range of day-to-day office administrative services, such as 

financial planning, billing and recordkeeping, personnel, and physical distribution and logistics, are 

classified in Industry 561110, Office Administrative Services; 

 Establishments providing operations consulting services are classified in U.S. Industry 541614, Process, 

Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing other establishments of the 

company or enterprise (except government establishments) are classified in U.S. Industry 551114, 

Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices; 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing governmental 

programs are classified in Sector 92, Public Administration; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing investment advice are classified in Industry 523930, 

Investment Advice. 

541612 Human Resources Consulting Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing advice and assistance to businesses 

and other organizations in one or more of the following areas: (1) human resource and personnel policies, practices, 

and procedures; (2) employee benefits planning, communication, and administration; (3) compensation systems 

planning; and (4) wage and salary administration. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Benefit or compensation consulting services 

Employee assessment consulting services 

Personnel management consulting services 

Human resources consulting services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing professional and management development training--are classified in Industry 611430, 

Professional and Management Development Training; 

 Listing employment vacancies and in selecting, referring, and placing applicants in employment--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 561311, Employment Placement Agencies; and 

 Providing executive search, recruitment, and placement services--are classified in U.S. Industry 561312, 

Executive Search Services. 

541613 Marketing Consulting Services 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing operating advice and assistance to 

businesses and other organizations on marketing issues, such as developing marketing objectives and policies, sales 

forecasting, new product developing and pricing, licensing and franchise planning, and marketing planning and 

strategy. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Customer services management consulting services 

New product development consulting services 

Marketing management consulting services 

Sales management consulting services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Developing and implementing public relations plans--are classified in Industry 541820, Public Relations 

Agencies; and 

 Developing and conducting marketing research or public opinion polling--are classified in Industry 541910, 

Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling. 

541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing operating advice and assistance to 

businesses and other organizations in areas, such as: (1) manufacturing operations improvement; (2) productivity 

improvement; (3) production planning and control; (4) quality assurance and quality control; (5) inventory 

management; (6) distribution networks; (7) warehouse use, operations, and utilization; (8) transportation and 

shipment of goods and materials; and (9) materials management and handling. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Freight rate or tariff rate consulting services 

Productivity improvement consulting services 

Inventory planning and control management consulting services 

Transportation management consulting services 

Manufacturing management consulting services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Planning and designing industrial processes and systems--are classified in Industry 541330, Engineering 

Services; and 

 Providing computer systems integration design services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541512, Computer 

Systems Design Services. 

541618 Other Management Consulting Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing management consulting services 

(except administrative and general management consulting; human resources consulting; marketing consulting; or 

process, physical distribution, and logistics consulting). Establishments providing telecommunications or utilities 

management consulting services are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing administrative and general management consulting services--are classified in U.S. Industry 

541611, Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services; 

 Providing human resources consulting services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541612, Human Resources 

Consulting Services; 
 Providing marketing consulting services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541613, Marketing Consulting 

Services; and 

 Providing process, physical distribution, and logistics consulting services--are classified in U.S. Industry 

541614, Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services. 

54162 Environmental Consulting ServicesT

See industry description for 541620 below. 

541620 Environmental Consulting Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing advice and assistance to businesses and 

other organizations on environmental issues, such as the control of environmental contamination from pollutants, 

toxic substances, and hazardous materials. These establishments identify problems (e.g., inspect buildings for 

hazardous materials), measure and evaluate risks, and recommend solutions. They employ a multidisciplined staff 

of scientists, engineers, and other technicians with expertise in areas, such as air and water quality, asbestos 

contamination, remediation, and environmental law. Establishments providing sanitation or site remediation 

consulting services are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Environmental remediation--are classified in Industry 562910, Remediation Services; and 

 Providing environmental engineering services--are classified in Industry 541330, Engineering Services. 

54169 Other Scientific and Technical Consulting ServicesT

See industry description for 541690 below. 

541690 Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing advice and assistance to businesses and 

other organizations on scientific and technical issues (except environmental). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Agricultural consulting services 

Motion picture consulting services 

Biological consulting services 

Physics consulting services 

Chemical consulting services 

Radio consulting services 

Economic consulting services 

Safety consulting services 

Energy consulting services 

Security consulting services 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in environmental consulting are classified in Industry 541620, Environmental 

Consulting Services. 

5417 Scientific Research and Development ServicesT

 This industry group comprises establishments engaged in conducting original investigation undertaken on a 

systematic basis to gain new knowledge (research) and/or the application of research findings or other scientific 

knowledge for the creation of new or significantly improved products or processes (experimental development). The 

industries within this industry group are defined on the basis of the domain of research; that is, on the scientific 

expertise of the establishment. 
54171 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life SciencesT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in conducting research and experimental development 

in the physical, engineering, and life sciences, such as agriculture, electronics, environmental, biology, botany, 

biotechnology, computers, chemistry, food, fisheries, forests, geology, health, mathematics, medicine, 

oceanography, pharmacy, physics, veterinary, and other allied subjects. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing veterinary testing services--are classified in Industry 54194, Veterinary Services; 

 Providing medical laboratory testing for humans--are classified in Industry 62151, Medical and Diagnostic 

Laboratories; 

 Providing physical, chemical, or other analytical testing services (except medical or veterinary), such as 

acoustics or vibration testing, calibration testing, electrical and electronic testing, geotechnical testing, 

mechanical testing, nondestructive testing, or thermal testing--are classified in Industry 54138, Testing 

Laboratories; and 

 Manufacturing vaccines, toxoids, blood fractions, and culture media of plant or animal origin (except 

diagnostic use) and/or uncompounded medicinal chemicals and their derivatives (i.e., enzyme proteins and 

antibiotics for pharmaceutical use)--are classified in Industry 32541, Pharmaceutical and Medicine 

Manufacturing. 

541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in conducting biotechnology research and 

experimental development. Biotechnology research and experimental development involves the study of the use of 

microorganisms and cellular and biomolecular processes to develop or alter living or non-living materials. This 

research and development in biotechnology may result in development of new biotechnology processes or in 

prototypes of new or genetically-altered products that may be reproduced, utilized, or implemented by various 

industries. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Recombinant DNA research and experimental development laboratories 

DNA technologies (e.g., microarrays) research and experimental development laboratories 

Cloning research and experimental development laboratories 

Protein engineering research and experimental development laboratories 

Nucleic acid chemistry research and experimental development laboratories 

Nanobiotechnologies research and experimental development laboratories 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Conducting research and experimental development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences (except 

biotechnology)--are classified in U.S. Industry 541712, Research and Development in the Physical, 

Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); 

 Providing veterinary testing services--are classified in Industry 541940, Veterinary Services; 

 Providing physical, chemical, or other analytical testing services (except medical or veterinary), such as 

acoustics or vibration testing, calibration testing, electrical and electronic testing, geotechnical testing, 

mechanical testing, nondestructive testing, or thermal testing--are classified in Industry 541380, Testing 

Laboratories; 

 Manufacturing vaccines, toxoids, blood fractions, and culture media of plant or animal origin (except 

diagnostic use)--are classified in U.S. Industry 325414, Biological Product (except Diagnostic) 

Manufacturing; and 

 Manufacturing uncompounded medicinal chemicals and their derivatives (i.e., enzyme proteins and 

antibiotics for pharmaceutical use)--are classified in U.S. Industry 325411, Medicinal and Botanical 

Manufacturing. 
541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology) 

 This U.S. Industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in conducting research and experimental 

development (except biotechnology research and experimental development) in the physical, engineering, and life 

sciences, such as agriculture, electronics, environmental, biology, botany, computers, chemistry, food, fisheries, 

forests, geology, health, mathematics, medicine, oceanography, pharmacy, physics, veterinary and other allied 

subjects. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing physical, chemical, or other analytical testing services (except medical or veterinary)--are 

classified in Industry 541380, Testing Laboratories; 

 Providing medical laboratory testing for humans--are classified in U.S. Industry 621511, Medical 

Laboratories; 

 Conducting research and experimental development in biotechnology--are classified in U.S. Industry 

541711, Research and Development in Biotechnology; and 

 Providing veterinary testing services--are classified in Industry 541940, Veterinary Services. 

54172 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and HumanitiesT

See industry description for 541720 below. 

541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in conducting research and analyses in cognitive 

development, sociology, psychology, language, behavior, economic, and other social science and humanities 

research. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in marketing research are classified in Industry 541910, Marketing Research 

and Public Opinion Polling. 

5418 Advertising, Public Relations, and Related ServicesT

54181 Advertising AgenciesT

See industry description for 541810 below. 

541810 Advertising Agencies 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in creating advertising campaigns and placing such 

advertising in periodicals, newspapers, radio and television, or other media. These establishments are organized to 

provide a full range of services (i.e., through in-house capabilities or subcontracting), including advice, creative 

services, account management, production of advertising material, media planning, and buying (i.e., placing 

advertising). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Purchasing advertising space from media outlets and reselling it directly to advertising agencies or 

individual companies--are classified in Industry 541830, Media Buying Agencies; 

 Conceptualizing and producing artwork or graphic designs without providing other advertising agency 

services--are classified in Industry 541430, Graphic Design Services; 

 Creating direct mail advertising campaigns--are classified in Industry 541860, Direct Mail Advertising; 

 Providing marketing consulting services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541613, Marketing Consulting 

Services; and 
 Selling media time or space for media owners as independent representatives--are classified in Industry 

541840, Media Representatives. 

54182 Public Relations AgenciesT

See industry description for 541820 below. 

541820 Public Relations Agencies 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in designing and implementing public relations 

campaigns. These campaigns are designed to promote the interests and image of their clients. Establishments 

providing lobbying, political consulting, or public relations consulting are included in this industry. 

54183 Media Buying AgenciesT

See industry description for 541830 below. 

541830 Media Buying Agencies 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in purchasing advertising time or space from media 

outlets and reselling it to advertising agencies or individual companies directly. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Selling time and space to advertisers for media owners as independent representatives--are classified in 

Industry 541840, Media Representatives; and 

 Creating advertising campaigns and placing such advertising in media--are classified in Industry 541810, 

Advertising Agencies. 

54184 Media RepresentativesT

See industry description for 541840 below. 

541840 Media Representatives 

 This industry comprises establishments of independent representatives primarily engaged in selling media time or 

space for media owners. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Newspaper advertising representatives (i.e., independent of media owners) 

Radio advertising representatives (i.e., independent of media owners) 

Publishers' advertising representatives (i.e., independent of media owners) 

Television advertising representatives (i.e., independent of media owners) 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Purchasing advertising time or space from media outlets and reselling it directly to advertising agencies or 

individual companies--are classified in Industry 541830, Media Buying Agencies; and 

 Creating advertising campaigns and placing such advertising in media--are classified in Industry 541810, 

Advertising Agencies. 

54185 Outdoor AdvertisingT

See industry description for 541850 below. 

541850 Outdoor Advertising 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in creating and designing public display advertising 

campaign materials, such as printed, painted, or electronic displays; and/or placing such displays on indoor or 
outdoor billboards and panels, or on or within transit vehicles or facilities, shopping malls, retail (in-store) displays, 

and other display structures or sites. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing sign lettering and painting services--are classified in Industry 541890, Other Services Related to 

Advertising; 

 Printing paper on paperboard signs--are classified in Industry 32311, Printing; 

 Erecting display boards--are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors; and 

 Manufacturing electrical, mechanical, or plate signs and point-of-sale advertising displays--are classified in 

Industry 339950, Sign Manufacturing. 

54186 Direct Mail AdvertisingT

See industry description for 541860 below. 

541860 Direct Mail Advertising 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) creating and designing advertising campaigns for 

the purpose of distributing advertising materials (e.g., coupons, flyers, samples) or specialties (e.g., key chains, 

magnets, pens with customized messages imprinted) by mail or other direct distribution; and/or (2) preparing 

advertising materials or specialties for mailing or other direct distribution. These establishments may also compile, 

maintain, sell, and rent mailing lists. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 The direct distribution or delivery (e.g., door-to-door, windshield placement) of advertisements or samples-

-are classified in Industry 541870, Advertising Material Distribution Services; 

 Distributing advertising specialties for clients who wish to use such materials for promotional purposes--are 

classified in Industry 541890, Other Services Related to Advertising; 

 Creating advertising campaigns and placing such advertising in media--are classified in Industry 541810, 

Advertising Agencies; 

 Compiling and selling mailing lists without providing direct mail advertising services--are classified in 

Industry 511140, Directory and Mailing List Publishers; and 

 Broadcasting exclusively on the Internet--are classified in Industry 519130, Internet Publishing and 

Broadcasting and Web Search Portals. 

54187 Advertising Material Distribution ServicesT

See industry description for 541870 below. 

541870 Advertising Material Distribution Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the direct distribution or delivery of advertisements 

(e.g., circulars, coupons, handbills) or samples. Establishments in this industry use methods, such as delivering 

advertisements or samples door-to-door, placing flyers or coupons on car windshields in parking lots, or handing out 

samples in retail stores. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Creating and designing advertising campaigns for the purpose of distributing advertising materials or 

samples through the mail--are classified in Industry 541860, Direct Mail Advertising; 

 Publishing newspapers or operating television stations or on-line information services--are classified in 

Sector 51, Information; and 

 Distributing advertising specialties (e.g., key chains, magnets, or pens with customized messages 

imprinted) to clients who wish to use such materials for promotional purposes--are classified in Industry 

541890, Other Services Related to Advertising. 
54189 Other Services Related to AdvertisingT

See industry description for 541890 below. 

541890 Other Services Related to Advertising 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing advertising services (except advertising 

agency services, public relations agency services, media buying agency services, media representative services, 

display advertising services, direct mail advertising services, advertising material distribution services, and 

marketing consulting services). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Advertising specialties (e.g., key chains, magnets, pens) distribution services (except direct mail) 

Sign lettering and painting services 

Display lettering services 

Store window dressing or trimming services 

Mannequin decorating services 

Welcoming services (i.e., advertising services) 

Merchandise demonstration services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Creating advertising campaigns and placing such advertising in newspapers, television, or other media--are 

classified in Industry 541810, Advertising Agencies; 

 Designing and implementing public relations campaigns--are classified in Industry 541820, Public 

Relations Agencies; 

 Purchasing advertising time or space from media outlets and reselling it directly to advertising agencies or 

individual companies--are classified in Industry 541830, Media Buying Agencies; 

 Selling media time or space for media owners as independent representatives--are classified in Industry 

541840, Media Representatives; 

 Providing display advertising services (except aerial)--are classified in Industry 541850, Outdoor 

Advertising; 

 Providing direct distribution or delivery (e.g., door-to-door, windshield placement) of advertisements or 

samples--are classified in Industry 541870, Advertising Material Distribution Services; 

 Providing direct mail advertising services--are classified in Industry 541860, Direct Mail Advertising; 

 Publishing newspapers or operating television stations or on-line information services--are classified in 

Sector 51, Information; and 

 Providing marketing consulting services--are classified in U.S. Industry 541613, Marketing Consulting 

Services. 

5419 Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical ServicesT

 This industry group comprises establishments engaged in professional, scientific, and technical services (except 

legal services; accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and related services; architectural, engineering, and related 

services; specialized design services; computer systems design and related services; management, scientific, and 

technical consulting services; scientific research and development services; and advertising, public relations and 

related services). 

54191 Marketing Research and Public Opinion PollingT

See industry description for 541910 below. 

541910 Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in systematically gathering, recording, tabulating, and 

presenting marketing and public opinion data. 
Illustrative Examples: 

Broadcast media rating services 

Political opinion polling services 

Marketing analysis or research services 

Statistical sampling services 

Opinion research services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing research and analysis in economics, sociology, and related fields--are classified in Industry 

541720, Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; and 

 Providing advice and counsel on marketing strategies--are classified in U.S. Industry 541613, Marketing 

Consulting Services. 

54192 Photographic ServicesT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing still, video, or digital photography 

services. These establishments may specialize in a particular field of photography, such as commercial and 

industrial photography, portrait photography, and special events photography. Commercial or portrait photography 

studios are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Producing film and videotape for commercial exhibition or sale--are classified in Industry 51211, Motion 

Picture and Video Production; 

 Developing still photographs--are classified in Industry 81292, Photofinishing; 

 Developing motion picture film--are classified in Industry 51219, Postproduction Services and Other 

Motion Picture and Video Industries; 

 Taking, developing, and selling artistic, news, or other types of photographs on a freelance basis, such as 

photojournalists--are classified in Industry 71151, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and 

 Supplying and servicing automatic photography machines in places of business operated by others--are 

classified in Industry 81299, All Other Personal Services. 

541921 Photography Studios, Portrait 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as portrait studios primarily engaged in providing still, video, 

or digital portrait photography services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Home photography services 

School photography services 

Passport photography services 

Videotaping services for special events (e.g., weddings) 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Producing film and videotape for commercial exhibition or sale--are classified in Industry 512110, Motion 

Picture and Video Production; 

 Developing still photographs--are classified in Industry 81292, Photofinishing; 

 Developing motion picture film--are classified in U.S. Industry 512199, Other Motion Picture and Video 

Industries; 

 Taking, developing, and selling artistic, news, or other types of photographs on a freelance basis, such as 

photojournalists--are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and 
 Supplying and servicing automatic photography machines in places of business operated by others--are 

classified in Industry 812990, All Other Personal Services. 

541922 Commercial Photography 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing commercial photography services, 

generally for advertising agencies, publishers, and other business and industrial users. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Producing film and videotape for commercial exhibition or sale--are classified in Industry 512110, Motion 

Picture and Video Production; 

 Developing still photographs--are classified in Industry 81292, Photofinishing; 

 Developing motion picture film--are classified in U.S. Industry 512199, Other Motion Picture and Video 

Industries; 

 Taking, developing, and selling artistic, news, or other types of photographs on a freelance basis, such as 

photojournalists--are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and 

 Supplying and servicing automatic photography machines in places of business operated by others--are 

classified in Industry 812990, All Other Personal Services. 

54193 Translation and Interpretation ServicesT

See industry description for 541930 below. 

541930 Translation and Interpretation Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in translating written material and interpreting speech 

from one language to another and establishments primarily engaged in providing sign language services. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing transcription services--are classified in Industry 561410, Document Preparation Services; 

 Providing real-time (i.e., simultaneous) closed captioning services for live television performances, at 

meetings and conferences--are classified in U.S. Industry 561492, Court Reporting and Stenotype Services; 

 Providing film or tape closed captioning services--are classified in U.S. Industry 512191, Teleproduction 

and Other Postproduction Services; and 

 Analyzing handwriting--are classified in Industry 541990, All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical 

Services. 

54194 Veterinary ServicesT

See industry description for 541940 below. 

541940 Veterinary Services 

 This industry comprises establishments of licensed veterinary practitioners primarily engaged in the practice of 

veterinary medicine, dentistry, or surgery for animals; and establishments primarily engaged in providing testing 

services for licensed veterinary practitioners. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Animal hospitals 

Veterinary clinics 

Veterinarians' offices 

Veterinary testing laboratories 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Providing veterinary research and development services--are classified in Industry 54171, Research and 

Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences; 

 Providing nonveterinary pet care services, such as boarding or grooming pets--are classified in Industry 

812910, Pet Care (except Veterinary) Services; 

 Providing animal breeding services or boarding horses--are classified in Industry 115210, Support 

Activities for Animal Production; and 

 Transporting pets--are classified in U.S. Industry 485991, Special Needs Transportation. 

54199 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical ServicesT

See industry description for 541990 below. 

541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the provision of professional, scientific, or technical 

services (except legal services; accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and related services; architectural, 

engineering, and related services; specialized design services; computer systems design and related services; 

management, scientific, and technical consulting services; scientific research and development services; advertising, 

public relations and related services; market research and public opinion polling; photographic services; translation 

and interpretation services; and veterinary services). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Appraisal (except real estate) services 

Marine surveyor (i.e., appraiser) services 

Arbitration and conciliation services (except by lawyer, attorney, or paralegal offices) 

Patent broker services (i.e., patent marketing services) 

Commodity inspector services 

Pipeline or power line inspection (i.e., visual) services 

Consumer credit counseling services 

Weather forecasting services 

Handwriting analysis services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing legal services--are classified in Industry Group 5411, Legal Services; 

 Providing accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services--are classified in Industry Group 

5412, Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services; 

 Providing architectural, engineering, and related services--are classified in Industry Group 5413, 

Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services; 

 Providing specialized design services--are classified in Industry Group 5414, Specialized Design Services; 

 Providing computer systems design and related services--are classified in Industry Group 5415, Computer 

Systems Design and Related Services; 

 Providing management, scientific, and technical consulting services--are classified in Industry Group 5416, 

Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services; 

 Providing scientific research and development services--are classified in Industry Group 5417, Scientific 

Research and Development Services; 

 Providing advertising and related services--are classified in Industry Group 5418, Advertising, Public 

Relations, and Related Services; 

 Providing marketing research and public opinion polling--are classified in Industry 541910, Marketing 

Research and Public Opinion Polling; 

 Providing photographic services--are classified in Industry 54192, Photographic Services; 

 Providing translation and interpretation services--are classified in Industry 541930, Translation and 

Interpretation Services; 

 Providing veterinary services--are classified in Industry 541940, Veterinary Services; and 

 Providing real estate appraisal services--are classified in Industry 531320, Offices of Real Estate 

Appraisers. 
 
Sector 55--Management of Companies and EnterprisesT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Management of Companies and Enterprises sector comprises (1) establishments that hold the securities of (or 

other equity interests in) companies and enterprises for the purpose of owning a controlling interest or influencing 

management decisions or (2) establishments (except government establishments) that administer, oversee, and 

manage establishments of the company or enterprise and that normally undertake the strategic or organizational 

planning and decision making role of the company or enterprise. Establishments that administer, oversee, and 

manage may hold the securities of the company or enterprise. 

 Establishments in this sector perform essential activities that are often undertaken in-house by establishments in 

many sectors of the economy. By consolidating the performance of these activities of the enterprise at one 

establishment, economies of scale are achieved. 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing governmental 

programs are classified in Sector 92, Public Administration. Establishments primarily engaged in providing a range 

of day-to-day office administrative services, such as financial planning, billing and recordkeeping, personnel, and 

physical distribution and logistics are classified in Industry 56111, Office Administrative Services. 

551 Management of Companies and EnterprisesT 

 Industries in the Management of Companies and Enterprises subsector include three main types of establishments: 

(1) those that hold the securities of (or other equity interests in) companies and enterprises; (2) those (except 

government establishments) that administer, oversee, and manage other establishments of the company or enterprise 

but do not hold the securities of these establishments; and (3) those that both administer, oversee, and manage other 

establishments of the company or enterprise and hold the securities of (or other equity interests in) these 

establishments. Those establishments that administer, oversee, and manage normally undertake the strategic or 

organizational planning and decision making role of the company or enterprise. 

5511 Management of Companies and EnterprisesT

55111 Management of Companies and EnterprisesT

 This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in holding the securities of (or other equity interests 

in) companies and enterprises for the purpose of owning a controlling interest or influencing the management 

decisions or (2) establishments (except government establishments) that administer, oversee, and manage other 

establishments of the company or enterprise and that normally undertake the strategic or organizational planning and 

decision making role of the company or enterprise. Establishments that administer, oversee, and manage may hold 

the securities of the company or enterprise. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in holding the securities of companies or enterprises and operating these 

entities are classified according to the business operated; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in holding the securities of depository banks and operating these entities 

are classified in Industry Group 5221, Depository Credit Intermediation; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing a single service to other establishments of the company or 

enterprise, such as trucking, warehousing, research and development, and data processing are classified 

according to the service provided; and 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing governmental 

programs are classified in Sector 92, Public Administration. 

551111 Offices of Bank Holding Companies 

 This U.S. industry comprises legal entities known as bank holding companies primarily engaged in holding the 

securities of (or other equity interests in) companies and enterprises for the purpose of owning a controlling interest 
or influencing the management decisions of these firms. The holding companies in this industry do not administer, 

oversee, and manage other establishments of the company or enterprise whose securities they hold. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Holding the securities of (or other equity interests in) a company or enterprise and administering, 

overseeing, and managing establishments of the company or enterprise whose securities they hold--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 551114, Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices; and 

 Holding the securities of depository banks and operating these entities--are classified in Industry Group 

5221, Depository Credit Intermediation. 

551112 Offices of Other Holding Companies 

 This U.S. industry comprises legal entities known as holding companies (except bank holding) primarily engaged 

in holding the securities of (or other equity interests in) companies and enterprises for the purpose of owning a 

controlling interest or influencing the management decisions of these firms. The holding companies in this industry 

do not administer, oversee, and manage other establishments of the company or enterprise whose securities they 

hold. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Holding the securities of (or other equity interests in) depository banks for the purpose of owning a 

controlling interest or influencing the management decisions of these firms--are classified in U.S. Industry 

551111, Offices of Bank Holding Companies; 

 Holding the securities of (or other equity interests in) a company or enterprise and administering, 

overseeing, and managing establishments of the company or enterprise whose securities they hold--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 551114, Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices; and 

 Holding the securities of companies or enterprises and operating these entities--are classified according to 

the business operated. 

551114 Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except government establishments) primarily engaged in 

administering, overseeing, and managing other establishments of the company or enterprise. These establishments 

normally undertake the strategic or organizational planning and decision making role of the company or enterprise. 

Establishments in this industry may hold the securities of the company or enterprise. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Centralized administrative offices 

Head offices 

Corporate offices 

Holding companies that manage 

District and regional offices 

Subsidiary management offices 

Cross-References. 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing governmental 

programs are classified in Sector 92, Public Administration; 

 Legal entities known as bank holding companies that do not administer, oversee, and manage other 

establishments of the companies or enterprises whose securities they hold are classified in U.S. Industry 

551111, Offices of Bank Holding Companies; and 

 Legal entities known as holding companies (except bank holding) that do not administer, oversee, and 

manage other establishments of the companies or enterprises whose securities they hold are classified in 

U.S. Industry 551112, Offices of Other Holding Companies. 
 
Sector 56--Administrative and Support and Waste Management and 

Remediation ServicesT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services sector comprises 

establishments performing routine support activities for the day-to-day operations of other organizations. These 

essential activities are often undertaken in-house by establishments in many sectors of the economy. The 

establishments in this sector specialize in one or more of these support activities and provide these services to clients 

in a variety of industries and, in some cases, to households. Activities performed include: office administration, 

hiring and placing of personnel, document preparation and similar clerical services, solicitation, collection, security 

and surveillance services, cleaning, and waste disposal services. 

 The administrative and management activities performed by establishments in this sector are typically on a 

contract or fee basis. These activities may also be performed by establishments that are part of the company or 

enterprise. However, establishments involved in administering, overseeing, and managing other establishments of 

the company or enterprise are classified in Sector 55, Management of Companies and Enterprises. Establishments 

in Sector 55, Management of Companies and Enterprises normally undertake the strategic and organizational 

planning and decision making role of the company or enterprise. Government establishments engaged in 

administering, overseeing, and managing governmental programs are classified in Sector 92, Public Administration. 

561 Administrative and Support ServicesT 

 Industries in the Administrative and Support Services subsector group establishments engaged in activities that 

support the day-to-day operations of other organizations. The processes employed in this sector (e.g., general 

management, personnel administration, clerical activities, cleaning activities) are often integral parts of the activities 

of establishments found in all sectors of the economy. The establishments classified in this subsector have 

specialization in one or more of these activities and can, therefore, provide services to clients in a variety of 

industries and, in some cases, to households. The individual industries of this subsector are defined on the basis of 

the particular process that they are engaged in and the particular services they provide. 

 Many of the activities performed in this subsector are ongoing routine support functions that all businesses and 

organizations must do and that they have traditionally done for themselves. Recent trends, however, are to contract 

or purchase such services from businesses that specialize in such activities and can, therefore, provide the services 

more efficiently. 

 The industries in this subsector cannot be viewed as strictly "support." The Travel Arrangement and Reservation 

Services industry group includes travel agents, tour operators, and providers of other travel arrangement services, 

such as hotel and restaurant reservations and arranging the purchase of tickets, serving many types of clients, 

including individual consumers. This group was placed in this subsector because the services are often of the 

"support" nature (e.g., travel arrangement) and businesses and other organizations are increasingly the ones 

purchasing such services. 

 The administrative and management activities performed by establishments in this sector are typically on a 

contract or fee basis. These activities may also be performed by establishments that are part of the company or 

enterprise. However, establishments involved in administering, overseeing, and managing other establishments of 

the company or enterprise are classified in Sector 55, Management of Companies and Enterprises. Establishments 

in Sector 55 normally undertake the strategic and organizational planning and decision making role of the company 

or enterprise. Government establishments engaged in administering, overseeing, and managing governmental 

programs are classified in Sector 92, Public Administration. 

5611 Office Administrative ServicesT

56111 Office Administrative ServicesT

See industry description for 561110 below. 

561110 Office Administrative Services 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing a range of day-to-day office administrative 

services, such as financial planning; billing and recordkeeping; personnel; and physical distribution and logistics for 

others on a contract or fee basis. These establishments do not provide operating staff to carry out the complete 

operations of a business. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Holding the securities or financial assets of companies and enterprises for the purpose of controlling them 

and influencing their management decisions--are classified in U.S. Industry 551111, Offices of Bank 

Holding Companies or U.S. Industry 551112, Offices of Other Holding Companies; 

 Administering, overseeing, and managing other establishments of the company or enterprise (except 

government establishments)--are classified in U.S. Industry 551114, Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional 

Managing Offices; 

 Providing computer facilities management--are classified in U.S. Industry 541513, Computer Facilities 

Management Services; 

 Providing construction management--are classified in Sector 23, Construction, by type of construction 

project managed; 

 Providing farm management--are classified in U.S. Industry 115116, Farm Management Services; 

 Managing real property for others--are classified in Industry 53131, Real Estate Property Managers; 

 Providing food services management at institutional, governmental, commercial, or industrial locations--are 

classified in Industry 722310, Food Service Contractors; 

 Providing management advice without day-to-day management--are classified in Industry 54161, 

Management Consulting Services; 

 Providing both management and operating staff for the complete operation of a client's business, such as a 

hotel, restaurant, mine site, or hospital--are classified according to the industry of the establishment 

operated; and 

 Providing only one of the support services (e.g., accounting services) that establishments in this industry 

provide--are classified in the appropriate industry according to the service provided. 

5612 Facilities Support ServicesT

56121 Facilities Support ServicesT

See industry description for 561210 below. 

561210 Facilities Support Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing operating staff to perform a combination of 

support services within a client's facilities. Establishments in this industry typically provide a combination of 

services, such as janitorial, maintenance, trash disposal, guard and security, mail routing, reception, laundry, and 

related services to support operations within facilities. These establishments provide operating staff to carry out 

these support activities; but are not involved with or responsible for the core business or activities of the client. 

Establishments providing facilities (except computer and/or data processing) operation support services and 

establishments providing private jail services or operating correctional facilities (i.e., jails) on a contract or fee basis 

are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing only one of the support services (e.g., janitorial services) 

that establishments in this industry provide are classified in the appropriate industry according to the 

service provided; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing management and operating staff for the complete operation 

of a client's establishment, such as a hotel, restaurant, mine, or hospital, are classified according to the 

industry of the establishment operated; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing on-site management and operation of a client's computer 

systems and/or data processing facilities are classified in U.S. Industry 541513, Computer Facilities 

Management Services; and 
 Governmental correctional institutions are classified in Industry 922140, Correctional Institutions. 

5613 Employment ServicesT

56131 Employment Placement Agencies and Executive Search ServicesT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: 1) listing employment 

vacancies and referring or placing applicants for employment; or 2) providing executive search, recruitment, and 

placement services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Employment agencies 

Executive placement services 

Executive search services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Supplying their own employees for limited periods of time to supplement the working force of a client's 

business--are classified in Industry 56132, Temporary Help Services; 

 Providing human resources and human resource management services to clients--are classified in Industry 

56133, Professional Employer Organizations; 

 Providing advice and assistance on human resource and personnel policies, practices, and procedures; and 

employee benefits and compensation systems--are classified in Industry 54161, Management Consulting 

Services; and 

 Representing models, entertainers, athletes, and other public figures as their agent or manager--are 

classified in Industry 71141, Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public 

Figures. 

561311 Employment Placement Agencies 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in listing employment vacancies and in referring or 

placing applicants for employment. The individuals referred or placed are not employees of the employment 

agencies. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Babysitting bureaus (i.e., registries) 

Employment registries 

Casting agencies or bureaus (i.e., motion picture, theatrical, video) 

Model registries 

Employment agencies 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing executive search, recruitment, and placement services--are classified in U.S. Industry 561312, 

Executive Search Services; 

 Supplying their own employees for limited periods of time to supplement the working force of a client's 

business--are classified in Industry 561320, Temporary Help Services; 

 Providing human resources and human resource management services to clients--are classified in Industry 

561330, Professional Employer Organizations; and 

 Representing models, entertainers, athletes, and other public figures as their agent or manager--are 

classified in Industry 711410, Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public 

Figures. 

561312 Executive Search Services 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing executive search, recruitment, and 

placement services for clients with specific executive and senior management position requirements. The range of 

services provided by these establishments may include developing a search strategy and position specification based 

on the culture and needs of the client; researching, identifying, screening, and interviewing candidates; verifying 

candidate qualifications; and assisting in final offer negotiations and assimilation of the selected candidate. The 

individuals identified, recruited, or placed are not employees of the executive search services establishments. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Senior executive search services 

Executive placement services 

Executive search services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Listing employment vacancies and in referring or placing applicants for employment--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 561311, Employment Placement Agencies; 

 Supplying their own employees for limited periods of time to supplement the working force of a client's 

business--are classified in Industry 561320, Temporary Help Services; 

 Providing human resources and human resource management services to clients--are classified in Industry 

561330, Professional Employer Organizations; 

 Providing advice and assistance on human resource and personnel policies, practices, and procedures; and 

employee benefits and compensation systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 541612, Human Resources 

Consulting Services; and 

 Representing models, entertainers, athletes, and other public figures as their agent or manager--are 

classified in Industry 711410, Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public 

Figures. 

56132 Temporary Help ServicesT

See industry description for 561320 below. 

 

561320 Temporary Help Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in supplying workers to clients' businesses for limited 

periods of time to supplement the working force of the client. The individuals provided are employees of the 

temporary help service establishment. However, these establishments do not provide direct supervision of their 

employees at the clients' work sites. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Help supply services 

Model supply services 

Labor (except farm) contractors (i.e., personnel suppliers) 

Temporary employment or temporary staffing services 

Manpower pools 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing human resources and human resource management services to clients--are classified in Industry 

561330, Professional Employer Organizations; 

 Supplying farm labor--are classified in U.S. Industry 115115, Farm Labor Contractors and Crew Leaders; 

 Providing operating staff to perform a combination of services to support operations within a client's 

facilities--are classified in Industry 561210, Facilities Support Services; 

 Listing employment vacancies and referring or placing applicants for employment--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 561311, Employment Placement Agencies; and 
 Representing models, entertainers, athletes, and other public figures as their agent or manager--are 

classified in Industry 711410, Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public 

Figures. 

56133 Professional Employer OrganizationsT

See industry description for 561330 below. 

561330 Professional Employer Organizations 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing human resources and human resource 

management services to client businesses. Establishments in this industry operate in a co-employment relationship 

with client businesses or organizations and are specialized in performing a wide range of human resource and 

personnel management duties, such as payroll, payroll tax, benefits administration, workers' compensation, 

unemployment, and human resource administration. Professional employer organizations (PEOs) are responsible 

for payroll, including withholding and remitting employment-related taxes, for some or all of the employees of their 

clients, and also serve as the employer of those employees for benefits and related purposes. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Supplying their own employees for limited periods of time to supplement the working force of a client's 

business--are classified in Industry 561320, Temporary Help Services; and 

 Listing employment vacancies and in referring or placing applicants for employment--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 561311, Employment Placement Agencies. 

5614 Business Support ServicesT

 This industry group comprises establishments engaged in performing activities that are ongoing routine business 

support functions that businesses and organizations traditionally do for themselves. 

56141 Document Preparation ServicesT

See industry description for 561410 below. 

561410 Document Preparation Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) letter or resume 

writing; (2) document editing or proofreading; (3) typing, word processing, or desktop publishing; and (4) 

stenography (except court reporting or stenotype recording), transcription, and other secretarial services. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing verbatim reporting and stenotype recording of live legal proceedings and transcribing subsequent 

recorded materials--are classified in U.S. Industry 561492, Court Reporting and Stenotype Services; 

 Performing prepress and postpress services in support of printing activities--are classified in Industry 

323120, Support Activities for Printing; 

 Providing document translation services--are classified in Industry 541930, Translation and Interpretation 

Services; 

 Photocopying, duplicating, and other document copying services, with or without a range of other office 

support services (except printing)--are classified in U.S. Industry 561439, Other Business Service Centers 

(including Copy Shops); and 

 Providing document copying services in combination with printing services, with or without a range of 

other office support services, and establishments known as quick or digital printers--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 323111, Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books). 

56142 Telephone Call CentersT
 This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in answering telephone calls and relaying messages 

to clients and (2) establishments primarily engaged in providing telemarketing services on a contract or fee basis for 

others, such as promoting clients' products or services by telephone; taking orders for clients by telephone; and 

soliciting contributions or providing information for clients by telephone. Telemarketing establishments never own 

the product or provide the service that they are representing and generally can originate and/or receive calls for 

others. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing paging and beeper transmission services--are classified in Industry 51721, Wireless 

Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); 

 Organizing and conducting fundraising campaigns on a contract or fee basis, that may include telephone 

solicitation services--are classified in Industry 56149, Other Business Support Services; and 

 Gathering, recording, tabulating, and presenting marketing and public opinion data, that may include 

telephone canvassing services--are classified in Industry 54191, Marketing Research and Public Opinion 

Polling. 

561421 Telephone Answering Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in answering telephone calls and relaying 

messages to clients. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing paging or beeper transmission services are classified in Industry 

517210,Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite). 

561422 Telemarketing Bureaus and Other Contact Centers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating call centers that initiate or receive 

communications for others via telephone, facsimile, email, or other communication modes for purposes such as: (1) 

promoting clients' products or services, (2) taking orders for clients, (3) soliciting contributions for a client; and (4) 

providing information or assistance regarding a client's products or services. These establishments do not own the 

product or provide the services they are representing on behalf of clients. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Answering telephone calls and relaying messages to clients--are classified in U.S. Industry 561421, 

Telephone Answering Services; 

 Organizing and conducting fundraising campaigns on a contract or fee basis, that may include telephone 

solicitation services--are classified in U.S. Industry 561499, All Other Business Support Services; and 

 Gathering, recording, tabulating, and presenting marketing and public opinion data, that may include 

telephone canvassing services--are classified in Industry 541910, Marketing Research and Public Opinion 

Polling. 

56143 Business Service CentersT

 This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in providing mailbox rental and other postal and 

mailing services (except direct mail advertising); (2) establishments, generally known as copy centers or shops, 

primarily engaged in providing photocopying, duplicating, blueprinting, and other document copying services 

without also providing printing services (i.e., offset printing, quick printing, digital printing, prepress services); and 

(3) establishments that provide a range of office support services (except printing services), such as mailing services, 

document copying services, facsimile services, word processing services, on-site PC rental services, and office 

product sales. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Operating contract post offices--are classified in Industry 49111, Postal Service; 

 Delivering letters and parcels (except under a universal service obligation)--are classified in Subsector 492, 

Couriers and Messengers; 

 Providing voice mailbox services--are classified in Industry 56142, Telephone Call Centers; 

 Providing direct mail advertising services--are classified in Industry 54186, Direct Mail Advertising; 

 Providing full service office space, whether on a lease or service contract basis--are classified in Industry 

53112, Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses); 

 Providing document copying services in combination with printing services, with or without a range of 

other office support services, and establishments known as quick or digital printers--are classified in 

Industry 32311, Printing; and 

 Providing only one of the support services (e.g., word processing services) that establishments in this 

industry provide--are classified in the appropriate industry according to the service provided. 

561431 Private Mail Centers 

 This U.S. industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in providing mailbox rental and other postal 

and mailing (except direct mail advertising) services or (2) establishments engaged in providing these mailing 

services along with one or more other office support services, such as facsimile services, word processing services, 

on-site PC rental services, and office product sales. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating contract post offices--are classified in Industry 491110, Postal Service; 

 Delivering letters and parcels (except under a universal service obligation)--are classified in Subsector 492, 

Couriers and Messengers; 

 Providing voice mailbox services--are classified in U.S. Industry 561421, Telephone Answering Services; 

 Providing direct mail advertising services--are classified in Industry 541860, Direct Mail Advertising; 

 Providing only one of the support services (e.g., word processing services) that establishments in this 

industry provide--are classified in the appropriate industry according to the service provided; and 

 Providing full service office space, whether on a lease or service contract basis--are classified in Industry 

531120, Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses). 

561439 Other Business Service Centers (including Copy Shops) 

 This U.S. industry comprises (1) establishments generally known as copy centers or shops primarily engaged in 

providing photocopying, duplicating, blueprinting, and other document copying services, without also providing 

printing services (e.g., offset printing, quick printing, digital printing, prepress services) and (2) establishments 

(except private mail centers) engaged in providing a range of office support services (except printing services), such 

as document copying services, facsimile services, word processing services, on-site PC rental services, and office 

product sales. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments engaged in providing document copying services in combination with printing services, 

with or without a range of other office support services, and establishments known as quick or digital 

printers are classified in U.S. Industry 323111, Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books); 

 Establishments engaged in providing mailbox rental and other postal and mailing services with or without 

one or more other office support services (except printing) are classified in U.S. Industry 561431, Private 

Mail Centers; 

 Establishments exclusively engaged in providing a single office support service (except document copying) 

to clients, but not the range of office support services that establishments in this industry may provide, are 

classified according to the service provided; and 

 Establishments engaged in providing full service office space, whether on a lease or service contract basis, 

are classified in Industry 531120, Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses). 
56144 Collection AgenciesT

See industry description for 561440 below. 

561440 Collection Agencies 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in collecting payments for claims and remitting 

payments collected to their clients. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Account or delinquent account collection services 

Tax collection services on a contract or fee basis 

Bill or debt collection services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Repossessing tangible assets--are classified in U.S. Industry 561491, Repossession Services; and 

 Providing financing to others by factoring accounts receivables (i.e., assuming the risk of collection and 

credit losses)--are classified in U.S. Industry 522298, All Other Nondepository Credit Intermediation. 

56145 Credit BureausT

See industry description for 561450 below. 

561450 Credit Bureaus 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in compiling information, such as credit and 

employment histories on individuals and credit histories on businesses, and providing the information to financial 

institutions, retailers, and others who have a need to evaluate the creditworthiness of these persons and businesses. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Credit agencies 

Credit rating services 

Credit investigation services 

Credit reporting bureaus 

56149 Other Business Support ServicesT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing business support services (except 

secretarial and other document preparation services; telephone answering or telemarketing services; private mail 

services or document copying services conducted as separate activities or in conjunction with other office support 

services; monetary debt collection services; and credit reporting services). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Address bar coding services 

Mail presorting services 

Bar code imprinting services 

Real-time (i.e., simultaneous) closed captioning of live television performances, meetings, conferences 

Court reporting services 

Repossession services 

Fundraising organization services on a contract or fee basis 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Providing secretarial and other document preparation services--are classified in Industry 56141, Document 

Preparation Services; 

 Providing telephone answering or telemarketing services--are classified in Industry 56142, Telephone Call 

Centers; 

 Providing private mail services; document copying services (except printing services); and/or a range of 

office support services (except printing)--are classified in Industry 56143, Business Service Centers; 

 Providing document copying services in combination with printing services, with or without a range of 

other office support services, and establishments known as quick or digital printers--are classified in 

Industry 32311, Printing; 

 Providing monetary debt collection services--are classified in Industry 56144, Collection Agencies; 

 Providing credit reporting services--are classified in Industry 56145, Credit Bureaus; and 

 Providing film or tape captioning or subtitling services--are classified in Industry 51219, Postproduction 

Services and Other Motion Picture and Video Industries. 

561491 Repossession Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in repossessing tangible assets (e.g., automobiles, 

boats, equipment, planes, furniture, appliances) for the creditor as a result of delinquent debts. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing monetary debt collection services are classified in Industry 561440, 

Collection Agencies. 

561492 Court Reporting and Stenotype Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing verbatim reporting and stenotype 

recording of live legal proceedings and transcribing subsequent recorded materials. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Court reporting or stenotype recording services 

Real-time (i.e., simultaneous) closed captioning of live television performances, meetings, conferences 

Public stenography services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing stenotype recording of correspondence, reports, and other documents or in providing document 

transcription services--are classified in Industry 561410, Document Preparation Services; and 

 Providing film or tape captioning or subtitling services--are classified in U.S. Industry 512191, 

Teleproduction and Other Postproduction Services. 

561499 All Other Business Support Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing business support services (except 

secretarial and other document preparation services; telephone answering and telemarketing services; private mail 

services or document copying services conducted as separate activities or in conjunction with other office support 

services; monetary debt collection services; credit reporting services; repossession services; and court reporting and 

stenotype recording services). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Address bar coding services 

Fundraising organization services on a contract or fee basis 

Bar code imprinting services 

Mail presorting services 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing secretarial and other document preparation services--are classified in Industry 561410, 

Document Preparation Services; 

 Providing telephone answering or telemarketing services--are classified in Industry 56142, Telephone Call 

Centers; 

 Providing private mail services, document copying services without printing services and/or a range of 

office support services--are classified in Industry 56143, Business Service Centers; 

 Providing document copying services in combination with printing services (with or without one or more 

other office support services) and establishments known as quick or digital printers--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 323111, Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books); 

 Providing monetary debt collection services--are classified in Industry 561440, Collection Agencies; 

 Providing credit reporting services--are classified in Industry 561450, Credit Bureaus; 

 Providing repossession services--are classified in U.S. Industry 561491, Repossession Services; and 

 Providing court reporting and stenotype services--are classified in U.S. Industry 561492, Court Reporting 

and Stenotype Services. 

5615 Travel Arrangement and Reservation ServicesT

56151 Travel AgenciesT

See industry description for 561510 below. 

561510 Travel Agencies 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acting as agents in selling travel, tour, and 

accommodation services to the general public and commercial clients. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Arranging and assembling tours that they generally sell through travel agencies or on their own account--

are classified in Industry 561520, Tour Operators; 

 Providing guide services, such as archeological, museum, tourist, hunting, or fishing--are classified in 

Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries; and 

 Providing reservation services (e.g., accommodations, entertainment events, travel)--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 561599, All Other Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services. 

56152 Tour OperatorsT

See industry description for 561520 below. 

561520 Tour Operators 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in arranging and assembling tours. The tours are sold 

through travel agencies or tour operators. Travel or wholesale tour operators are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Acting as agents in selling travel, tour, and accommodation services to the general public and commercial 

clients--are classified in Industry 561510, Travel Agencies; 

 Conducting scenic and sightseeing tours--are classified in Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing 

Transportation; and 

 Providing guide services, such as archeological, museum, tourist, hunting, or fishing--are classified in 

Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries. 

56159 Other Travel Arrangement and Reservation ServicesT
 This industry comprises establishments (except travel agencies and tour operators) primarily engaged in providing 

travel arrangement and reservation services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Condominium time-share exchange services 

Road and travel services automobile clubs 

Convention or visitors bureaus 

Ticket (e.g., airline, bus, cruise ship, sports, theatrical) offices 

Reservation (e.g., airline, car rental, hotel, restaurant) services 

Ticket (e.g., amusement, sports, theatrical) agencies 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in arranging the rental of vacation properties are classified in Industry 

53121, Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers; 

 Travel agencies are classified in Industry 56151, Travel Agencies; 

 Tour operators are classified in Industry 56152, Tour Operators; 

 Automobile clubs (i.e., enthusiasts' clubs) (except road and travel services) are classified in Industry 81341, 

Civic and Social Organizations; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing events, such as business and 

trade shows, conventions, conferences, and meetings (whether or not they manage and provide the staff to 

operate the facilities in which these events take place), are classified in Industry 56192, Convention and 

Trade Show Organizers. 

561591 Convention and Visitors Bureaus 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in marketing and promoting communities and 

facilities to businesses and leisure travelers through a range of activities, such as assisting organizations in locating 

meeting and convention sites; providing travel information on area attractions, lodging accommodations, 

restaurants; providing maps; and organizing group tours of local historical, recreational, and cultural attractions. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing events, such as business and trade 

shows, conventions, conferences, and meetings (whether or not they manage and provide the staff to operate the 

facilities in which these events take place) are classified in Industry 561920, Convention and Trade Show 

Organizers. 

561599 All Other Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except travel agencies, tour operators, and convention and visitors 

bureaus) primarily engaged in providing travel arrangement and reservation services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Condominium time-share exchange services 

Ticket (e.g., airline, bus, cruise ship, sports, theatrical) offices 

Reservation (e.g., airline, car rental, hotel, restaurant) services 

Ticket (e.g., amusement, sports, theatrical) agencies 

Road and travel services automobile clubs 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in arranging the rental of vacation properties are classified in Industry 

531210, Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers; 
 Travel agencies are classified in Industry 561510, Travel Agencies; 

 Tour operators are classified in Industry 561520, Tour Operators; 

 Convention and visitors bureaus are classified in U.S. Industry 561591, Convention and Visitors Bureaus; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing events, such as business and 

trade shows, conventions, conferences, and meetings (whether or not they manage and provide the staff to 

operate the facilities in which these events take place) are classified in Industry 561920, Convention and 

Trade Show Organizers; and 

 Automobile clubs (i.e., enthusiasts' clubs) (except road and travel services) are classified in Industry 

813410, Civic and Social Organizations. 

5616 Investigation and Security ServicesT

56161 Investigation, Guard, and Armored Car ServicesT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing one or more of the following: (1) 

investigation and detective services; (2) guard and patrol services; and (3) picking up and delivering money, 

receipts, or other valuable items with personnel and equipment to protect such properties while in transit. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Armored car services 

Private detective services 

Bodyguard services 

Security guard services 

Polygraph services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing credit checks--are classified in Industry 56145, Credit Bureaus; and 

 Selling, installing, monitoring, and maintaining security systems and devices (e.g., burglar and fire alarm 

systems)--are classified in Industry 56162, Security Systems Services. 

561611 Investigation Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing investigation and detective services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Fingerprinting services 

Private detective services 

Polygraph services 

Private investigative services 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing credit checks are classified in Industry 561450, Credit Bureaus. 

561612 Security Guards and Patrol Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing guard and patrol services, such as 

bodyguard, guard dog, and parking security services. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in selling, installing, monitoring, and maintaining security systems and devices, 

such as burglar and fire alarms and locking devices, are classified in Industry 56162, Security Systems Services. 
561613 Armored Car Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in picking up and delivering money, receipts, or 

other valuable items. These establishments maintain personnel and equipment to protect such properties while in 

transit. 

56162 Security Systems ServicesT

 This industry comprises establishments engaged in (1) selling security systems, such as burglar and fire alarms and 

locking devices, along with installation, repair, or monitoring services or (2) remote monitoring of electronic 

security alarm systems. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Selling security systems for buildings without installation, repair, or monitoring services--are classified in 

Sector 42, Wholesale Trade or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade; 

 Retailing motor vehicle security systems with or without installation or repair services--are classified in 

Industry 44131, Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores; and 

 Providing key duplication services--are classified in Industry 81149, Other Personal and Household Goods 

Repair and Maintenance. 

561621 Security Systems Services (except Locksmiths) 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) selling security alarm systems, such as 

burglar and fire alarms, along with installation, repair, or monitoring services or (2) remote monitoring of electronic 

security alarm systems. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Selling security alarm systems for buildings, without installation, repair, or monitoring services--are 

classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade; and 

 Retailing motor vehicle security systems with or without installation or repair services--are classified in 

Industry 441310, Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores. 

561622 Locksmiths 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) selling mechanical or electronic locking 

devices, safes, and security vaults, along with installation, repair, rebuilding, or adjusting services or (2) installing, 

repairing, rebuilding, and adjusting mechanical or electronic locking devices, safes, and security vaults. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Selling security systems, such as locking devices, safes, and vaults, without installation or maintenance 

services--are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade; and 

 Providing key duplication services--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household 

Goods Repair and Maintenance. 

5617 Services to Buildings and DwellingsT

56171 Exterminating and Pest Control ServicesT

See industry description for 561710 below. 

561710 Exterminating and Pest Control Services 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in exterminating and controlling birds, mosquitoes, 

rodents, termites, and other insects and pests (except for crop production and forestry production). Establishments 

providing fumigation services are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing pest control for crop or forestry production are classified in 

Subsector 115, Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry. 

56172 Janitorial ServicesT

See industry description for 561720 below. 

561720 Janitorial Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in cleaning building interiors, interiors of transportation 

equipment (e.g., aircraft, rail cars, ships), and/or windows. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Custodial services 

Service station cleaning and degreasing services 

Housekeeping (i.e., cleaning) services 

Washroom sanitation services 

Maid (i.e., cleaning) services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Cleaning building exteriors (except sandblasting and window cleaning) or chimneys--are classified in 

Industry 561790, Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings; and 

 Sandblasting building exteriors--are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors. 

56173 Landscaping ServicesT

See industry description for 561730 below. 

561730 Landscaping Services 

 This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in providing landscape care and maintenance 

services and/or installing trees, shrubs, plants, lawns, or gardens and (2) establishments primarily engaged in 

providing these services along with the design of landscape plans and/or the construction (i.e., installation) of 

walkways, retaining walls, decks, fences, ponds, and similar structures. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Installing artificial turf or in constructing (i.e., installing) walkways, retaining walls, decks, fences, ponds, 

or similar structures--are classified in Sector 23, Construction; 

 Planning and designing the development of land areas for projects, such as parks and other recreational 

areas; airports; highways; hospitals; schools; land subdivisions; and commercial, industrial, and residential 

areas (without also installing trees, shrubs, plants, lawns/gardens, walkways, retaining walls, decks, and 

similar items or structures)--are classified in Industry 541320, Landscape Architectural Services; and 

 Retailing landscaping materials and providing the installation and maintenance of these materials--are 

classified in Industry 444220, Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores. 

56174 Carpet and Upholstery Cleaning ServicesT

See industry description for 561740 below. 

561740 Carpet and Upholstery Cleaning Services 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in cleaning and dyeing used rugs, carpets, and 

upholstery. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Rug repair not associated with rug cleaning--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and 

Household Goods Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Reupholstering and repairing furniture--are classified in Industry 811420, Reupholstery and Furniture 

Repair. 

56179 Other Services to Buildings and DwellingsT

See industry description for 561790 below. 

561790 Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing services to buildings and dwellings (except 

exterminating and pest control; janitorial; landscaping care and maintenance; and carpet and upholstery cleaning). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Building exterior cleaning services (except sandblasting and window cleaning) 

Swimming pool cleaning and maintenance services 

Chimney cleaning services 

Ventilation duct cleaning services 

Drain or gutter cleaning services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing exterminating and pest control services--are classified in Industry 561710, Exterminating and 

Pest Control Services; 

 Providing janitorial services--are classified in Industry 561720, Janitorial Services; 

 Providing landscaping care and maintenance--are classified in Industry 561730, Landscaping Services; 

 Providing carpet and upholstery cleaning services--are classified in Industry 561740, Carpet and 

Upholstery Cleaning Services; and 

 Sandblasting building exteriors--are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors. 

5619 Other Support ServicesT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing day-to-day business and other 

organizational support services (except office administrative services; facilities support services; employment 

services; business support services; travel arrangement and reservation services; security and investigation services; 

and services to buildings and dwellings). 

56191 Packaging and Labeling ServicesT

See industry description for 561910 below. 

561910 Packaging and Labeling Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in packaging client-owned materials. The services may 

include labeling and/or imprinting the package. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Apparel and textile folding and packaging services 

Kit assembling and packaging services 
Blister packaging services 

Shrink-wrapping services 

Gift wrapping services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Processing client-owned materials into a different product, such as mixing water and concentrate to 

produce soft drinks--are classified in Sector 31-33, Manufacturing; 

 Providing aerosol packaging services--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous 

Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; 

 Providing packing and crating services incidental to transportation--are classified in U.S. Industry 488991, 

Packing and Crating; 

 Providing warehousing services, as well as packaging or other logistics services--are classified in Industry 

Group 4931, Warehousing and Storage; and 

 Providing packing and crating services for agricultural products--are classified in U.S. Industry 115114, 

Postharvest Crop Activities (except Cotton Ginning). 

56192 Convention and Trade Show OrganizersT

See industry description for 561920 below. 

561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing events, such 

as business and trade shows, conventions, conferences, and meetings (whether or not they manage and provide the 

staff to operate the facilities in which these events take place). 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing live performing arts productions, 

sports events, and similar events, such as festivals (whether or not they manage and provide the staff to operate the 

facilities in which these events take place), are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, 

Sports, and Similar Events. 

56199 All Other Support ServicesT

See industry description for 561990 below. 

561990 All Other Support Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing day-to-day business and other 

organizational support services (except office administrative services, facilities support services, employment 

services, business support services, travel arrangement and reservation services, security and investigation services, 

services to buildings and other structures, packaging and labeling services, and convention and trade show 

organizing services). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bartering services 

Flagging (i.e., traffic control) services 

Bottle exchanges 

Float decorating services 

Cloth cutting, bolting, or winding for the trade 

Inventory taking services 

Contract meter reading services 

Lumber grading services 

Diving services on a contract or fee basis 
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing office administrative services--are classified in Industry 561110, Office Administrative Services; 

 Providing facilities support services--are classified in Industry 561210, Facilities Support Services; 

 Providing employment services--are classified in Industry Group 5613, Employment Services; 

 Providing business support services--are classified in Industry Group 5614, Business Support Services; 

 Providing travel arrangement and reservation services--are classified in Industry Group 5615, Travel 

Arrangement and Reservation Services; 

 Providing security and investigation services--are classified in Industry Group 5616, Investigation and 

Security Services; 

 Providing services to buildings and other structures--are classified in Industry Group 5617, Services to 

Buildings and Dwellings; 

 Providing packaging and labeling services--are classified in Industry 561910, Packaging and Labeling 

Services; and 

 Organizing, promoting, and/or managing conferences, conventions, and trade shows (whether or not they 

manage and provide the staff to operate the facilities in which these events take place)--are classified in 

Industry 561920, Convention and Trade Show Organizers. 

562 Waste Management and Remediation ServicesT

 Industries in the Waste Management and Remediation Services subsector group establishments engaged in the 

collection, treatment, and disposal of waste materials. This includes establishments engaged in local hauling of 

waste materials; operating materials recovery facilities (i.e., those that sort recyclable materials from the trash 

stream); providing remediation services (i.e., those that provide for the cleanup of contaminated buildings, mine 

sites, soil, or ground water); and providing septic pumping and other miscellaneous waste management services. 

There are three industry groups within the subsector that separate these activities into waste collection, waste 

treatment and disposal, and remediation and other waste management. 

 Excluded from this subsector are establishments primarily engaged in collecting, treating, and disposing waste 

through sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities that are classified in Industry 22132, Sewage Treatment 

Facilities and establishments primarily engaged in long-distance hauling of waste materials that are classified in 

Industry 48423, Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance. Also, there are some activities 

that appear to be related to waste management, but that are not included in this subsector. For example, 

establishments primarily engaged in providing waste management consulting services are classified in Industry 

54162, Environmental Consulting Services. 

5621 Waste Collection 

56211 Waste Collection 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) collecting and/or hauling hazardous waste, 

nonhazardous waste, and/or recyclable materials within a local area and/or (2) operating hazardous or nonhazardous 

waste transfer stations. Hazardous waste collection establishments may be responsible for the identification, 

treatment, packaging, and labeling of waste for the purposes of transport. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Long-distance trucking of waste--are classified in Industry 48423, Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) 

Trucking, Long-Distance; 

 Operating facilities for separating and sorting recyclable materials from nonhazardous waste streams (i.e., 

garbage) and/or for sorting commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, and metal cans, into 

distinct categories--are classified in Industry 56292, Materials Recovery Facilities; and 

 Collecting and/or hauling in combination with disposal of waste materials--are classified in Industry 56221, 

Waste Treatment and Disposal. 

562111 Solid Waste Collection 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) collecting 

and/or hauling nonhazardous solid waste (i.e., garbage) within a local area; (2) operating nonhazardous solid waste 

transfer stations; and (3) collecting and/or hauling mixed recyclable materials within a local area. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Long-distance trucking of waste--are classified in Industry 484230, Specialized Freight (except Used 

Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance; 

 Collecting and/or hauling in combination with disposal of nonhazardous waste materials--are classified in 

Industry 56221, Waste Treatment and Disposal; 

 Collecting and/or hauling hazardous waste within a local area and/or operating hazardous waste transfer 

stations--are classified in U.S. Industry 562112, Hazardous Waste Collection; 

 Collecting and removing debris, such as brush or rubble, within a local area--are classified in U.S. Industry 

562119, Other Waste Collection; and 

 Operating facilities for separating and sorting recyclable materials from nonhazardous waste streams (i.e., 

garbage) and/or for sorting commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, and metal cans, into 

distinct categories--are classified in Industry 562920, Materials Recovery Facilities. 

562112 Hazardous Waste Collection 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in collecting and/or hauling hazardous waste 

within a local area and/or operating hazardous waste transfer stations. Hazardous waste collection establishments 

may be responsible for the identification, treatment, packaging, and labeling of waste for the purposes of transport. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Long-distance trucking of waste--are classified in Industry 484230, Specialized Freight (except Used 

Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance; 

 Collecting and/or hauling in combination with disposal of hazardous waste materials--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 562211, Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal; 

 Collecting and/or hauling nonhazardous solid waste (i.e., garbage) and/or recyclable materials within a 

local area and/or operating nonhazardous solid waste transfer stations--are classified in U.S. Industry 

562111, Solid Waste Collection; and 

 Collecting and removing debris, such as brush or rubble, within a local area--are classified in U.S. Industry 

562119, Other Waste Collection. 

562119 Other Waste Collection 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in collecting and/or hauling waste (except 

nonhazardous solid waste and hazardous waste) within a local area. Establishments engaged in brush or rubble 

removal services are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Long-distance trucking of waste--are classified in Industry 484230, Specialized Freight (except Used 

Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance; 

 Collecting and/or hauling in combination with disposal of waste materials--are classified in Industry Group 

5622, Waste Treatment and Disposal; 

 Collecting and/or hauling nonhazardous solid waste (i.e., garbage) or mixed recyclable materials within a 

local area or operating nonhazardous solid waste transfer stations--are classified in U.S. Industry 562111, 

Solid Waste Collection; 

 Collecting and/or hauling hazardous waste within a local area or operating hazardous waste transfer 

stations--are classified in U.S. Industry 562112, Hazardous Waste Collection; and 

 Operating facilities for separating and sorting recyclable materials from nonhazardous waste streams (i.e., 

garbage) and/or for sorting commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, and metal cans, into 

distinct categories--are classified in Industry 562920, Materials Recovery Facilities. 
5622 Waste Treatment and Disposal 

56221 Waste Treatment and Disposal 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) operating waste treatment or disposal facilities 

(except sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities) or (2) the combined activity of collecting and/or hauling of 

waste materials within a local area and operating waste treatment or disposal facilities. Waste combustors or 

incinerators (including those that may produce byproducts, such as electricity), solid waste landfills, and compost 

dumps are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Collecting, treating, and disposing waste through sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities--are 

classified in Industry 22132, Sewage Treatment Facilities; and 

 Manufacturing compost--are classified in Industry 32531, Fertilizer Manufacturing. 

562211 Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) operating treatment and/or disposal facilities 

for hazardous waste or (2) the combined activity of collecting and/or hauling of hazardous waste materials within a 

local area and operating treatment or disposal facilities for hazardous waste. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating landfills for the disposal of nonhazardous solid waste--are classified in U.S. Industry 562212, 

Solid Waste Landfill; 

 Operating combustors and incinerators for the disposal of nonhazardous solid waste--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 562213, Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; 

 Collecting, treating, and disposing waste through sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities--are 

classified in Industry 221320, Sewage Treatment Facilities; and 

 Operating nonhazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities (except landfills, combustors, incinerators, 

and sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities)--are classified in U.S. Industry 562219, Other 

Nonhazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal. 

562212 Solid Waste Landfill 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) operating landfills for the disposal of 

nonhazardous solid waste or (2) the combined activity of collecting and/or hauling nonhazardous waste materials 

within a local area and operating landfills for the disposal of nonhazardous solid waste. These establishments may 

produce byproducts, such as methane. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating treatment and/or disposal facilities for hazardous waste--are classified in U.S. Industry 562211, 

Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal; 

 Operating combustors and incinerators for the disposal of nonhazardous solid waste--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 562213, Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; 

 Collecting, treating, and disposing waste through sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities--are 

classified in Industry 221320, Sewage Treatment Facilities; 

 Operating nonhazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities (except landfills, combustors, incinerators, 

and sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities)--are classified in U.S. Industry 562219, Other 

Nonhazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal; and 

 Manufacturing compost--are classified in U.S. Industry 325314, Fertilizer (Mixing Only) Manufacturing. 

562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating combustors and incinerators for the 

disposal of nonhazardous solid waste. These establishments may produce byproducts, such as electricity and steam. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating treatment and/or disposal facilities for hazardous waste--are classified in U.S. Industry 562211, 

Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal; 

 Operating landfills for the disposal of nonhazardous solid waste--are classified in U.S. Industry 562212, 

Solid Waste Landfill; 

 Collecting, treating, and disposing waste through sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities--are 

classified in Industry 221320, Sewage Treatment Facilities; and 

 Operating nonhazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities (except landfills, combustors, incinerators, 

and sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities)--are classified in U.S. Industry 562219, Other 

Nonhazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal. 

562219 Other Nonhazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) operating nonhazardous waste treatment and 

disposal facilities (except landfills, combustors, incinerators and sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities) or (2) 

the combined activity of collecting and/or hauling of nonhazardous waste materials within a local area and operating 

waste treatment or disposal facilities (except landfills, combustors, incinerators and sewer systems, or sewage 

treatment facilities). Compost dumps are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating landfills for the disposal of nonhazardous solid waste--are classified in U.S. Industry 562212, 

Solid Waste Landfill; 

 Operating combustors and incinerators for the disposal of nonhazardous solid waste--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 562213, Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; 

 Collecting, treating, and disposing waste through sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities--are 

classified in Industry 221320, Sewage Treatment Facilities; and 

 Manufacturing compost--are classified in U.S. Industry 325314, Fertilizer (Mixing Only) Manufacturing. 

5629 Remediation and Other Waste Management Services 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in remediation and other waste management 

services (except waste collection, waste treatment and disposal, and waste management consulting services). 

56291 Remediation Services 

See industry description for 562910 below. 

562910 Remediation Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) remediation and 

cleanup of contaminated buildings, mine sites, soil, or ground water; (2) integrated mine reclamation activities, 

including demolition, soil remediation, waste water treatment, hazardous material removal, contouring land, and 

revegetation; and (3) asbestos, lead paint, and other toxic material abatement. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Developing remedial action plans--are classified in Industry 541620, Environmental Consulting Services; 

 Excavating soil--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors; 

 Individual activities as part of a reclamation or remediation project--are classified according to the primary 

activity; 
 Building modifications to alleviate radon gas--are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade 

Contractors; and 

 Collecting, treating, and disposing waste water through sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities--are 

classified in Industry 221320, Sewage Treatment Facilities. 

56292 Materials Recovery Facilities 

See industry description for 562920 below. 

562920 Materials Recovery Facilities 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) operating facilities for separating and sorting 

recyclable materials from nonhazardous waste streams (i.e., garbage) and/or (2) operating facilities where 

commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, and metals, are sorted into distinct 

categories. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in merchant wholesaling automotive, industrial, and other recyclable materials 

are classified in Industry 423930, Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers. 

56299 All Other Waste Management Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in waste management services (except waste collection, 

waste treatment and disposal, remediation, operation of materials recovery facilities, and waste management 

consulting services). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Beach cleaning and maintenance services 

Pumping (i.e., cleaning) cesspools, portable toilets, or septic tanks 

Cesspool cleaning services 

Sewer cleaning and rodding services 

Portable toilet renting and/or servicing 

Sewer or storm basin cleanout services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Collecting and/or hauling waste within a local area--are classified in Industry 56211, Waste Collection; 

 Long-distance trucking of waste--are classified in Industry 48423, Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) 

Trucking, Long-Distance; 

 Operating treatment or disposal facilities (except sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities) for waste--

are classified in Industry 56221, Waste Treatment and Disposal; 

 Collecting, treating, and disposing waste through sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities--are 

classified in Industry 22132, Sewage Treatment Facilities; 

 Remediation and cleanup of contaminated buildings, mine sites, soil, or ground water--are classified in 

Industry 56291, Remediation Services; 

 Operating facilities for separating and sorting recyclable materials from nonhazardous waste streams (i.e., 

garbage) or where commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, and metal cans are sorted into 

distinct categories--are classified in Industry 56292, Materials Recovery Facilities; 

 Installing septic tanks--are classified in Industry 23891, Site Preparation Contractors; and 

 Providing waste management consulting services, such as developing remedial action plans--are classified 

in Industry 54162, Environmental Consulting Services. 

562991 Septic Tank and Related Services 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) pumping (i.e., cleaning) septic tanks and 

cesspools and/or (2) renting and/or servicing portable toilets. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Installing septic tanks--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors; and 

 Cleaning and rodding sewers and catch basins--are classified in U.S. Industry 562998, All Other 

Miscellaneous Waste Management Services. 

562998 All Other Miscellaneous Waste Management Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing waste management services (except 

waste collection, waste treatment and disposal, remediation, operation of materials recovery facilities, septic tank 

pumping and related services, and waste management consulting services). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Beach cleaning and maintenance services 

Sewer or storm basin cleanout services 

Catch basin cleaning services 

Tank cleaning and disposal services, commercial or industrial 

Sewer cleaning and rodding services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Collecting and/or hauling waste within a local area--are classified in Industry 56211, Waste Collection; 

 Long-distance trucking of waste--are classified in Industry 484230, Specialized Freight (except Used 

Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance; 

 Operating treatment or disposal facilities (except sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities) for waste--

are classified in Industry 56221, Waste Treatment and Disposal; 

 Collecting, treating, and disposing waste through sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities--are 

classified in Industry 221320, Sewage Treatment Facilities; 

 The remediation and cleanup of contaminated buildings, mine sites, soil, or ground water--are classified in 

Industry 562910, Remediation Services; 

 Operating facilities for separating and sorting recyclable materials from nonhazardous waste streams (i.e., 

garbage) or for sorting commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, and metal cans, into 

distinct categories--are classified in Industry 562920, Materials Recovery Facilities; 

 Pumping (i.e., cleaning) cesspools, portable toilets, and septic tanks or renting portable toilets--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 562991, Septic Tank and Related Services; and 

 Providing waste management consulting services, such as developing remedial action plans--are classified 

in Industry 541620, Environmental Consulting Services. 

 
Sector 61--Educational ServicesT

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Educational Services sector comprises establishments that provide instruction and training in a wide variety of 

subjects. This instruction and training is provided by specialized establishments, such as schools, colleges, 

universities, and training centers. These establishments may be privately owned and operated for profit or not for 

profit, or they may be publicly owned and operated. They may also offer food and/or accommodation services to 

their students. 

 Educational services are usually delivered by teachers or instructors that explain, tell, demonstrate, supervise, and 

direct learning. Instruction is imparted in diverse settings, such as educational institutions, the workplace, or the 

home, and through diverse means, such as correspondence, television, the Internet, or other electronic and distancelearning methods. The training provided by these establishments may include the use of simulators and simulation 

methods. It can be adapted to the particular needs of the students, for example sign language can replace verbal 

language for teaching students with hearing impairments. All industries in the sector share this commonality of 

process, namely, labor inputs of instructors with the requisite subject matter expertise and teaching ability. 

611 Educational ServicesT 

 Industries in the Educational Services subsector provide instruction and training in a wide variety of subjects. The 

instruction and training is provided by specialized establishments, such as schools, colleges, universities, and 

training centers. 

 The subsector is structured according to level and type of educational services. Elementary and secondary 

schools, junior colleges and colleges, universities, and professional schools correspond to a recognized series of 

formal levels of education designated by diplomas, associate degrees (including equivalent certificates), and 

degrees. The remaining industry groups are based more on the type of instruction or training offered and the levels 

are not always as formally defined. The establishments are often highly specialized, many offering instruction in a 

very limited subject matter, for example ski lessons or one specific computer software package. Within the sector, 

the level and types of training that are required of the instructors and teachers vary depending on the industry. 

 Establishments that manage schools and other educational establishments on a contractual basis are classified in 

this subsector if they both manage the operation and provide the operating staff. Such establishments are classified 

in the Educational Services subsector based on the type of facility managed and operated. 

6111 Elementary and Secondary SchoolsT

 

61111 Elementary and Secondary Schools 

See industry description for 611110 below. 

611110 Elementary and Secondary Schools 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in furnishing academic courses and associated course 

work that comprise a basic preparatory education. A basic preparatory education ordinarily constitutes kindergarten 

through 12th grade. This industry includes school boards and school districts. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Elementary schools 

Parochial schools, elementary or secondary 

High schools 

Primary schools 

Kindergartens 

Schools for the physically disabled, elementary or secondary 

Military academies, elementary or secondary 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments primarily engaged in providing preschool or prekindergarten education are classified in 

Industry 624410, Child Day Care Services; and 

 Military academies, college level are classified in Industry 611310, Colleges, Universities, and Professional 

Schools. 

6112 Junior CollegesT

 

61121 Junior CollegesT

See industry description for 611210 below. 

611210 Junior Colleges 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in furnishing academic, or academic and technical, 

courses and granting associate degrees, certificates, or diplomas below the baccalaureate level. The requirement for 

admission to an associate or equivalent degree program is at least a high school diploma or equivalent general 

academic training. Instruction may be provided in diverse settings, such as the establishment's or client's training 

facilities, educational institutions, the workplace, or the home, and through diverse means, such as correspondence, 

television, the Internet, or other electronic and distance-learning methods. The training provided by these 

establishments may include the use of simulators and simulation methods. 

6113 Colleges, Universities, and Professional SchoolsT

 

61131 Colleges, Universities, and Professional SchoolsT

See industry description for 611310 below. 

611310 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in furnishing academic courses and granting degrees at 

baccalaureate or graduate levels. The requirement for admission is at least a high school diploma or equivalent 

general academic training. Instruction may be provided in diverse settings, such as the establishment's or client's 

training facilities, educational institutions, the workplace, or the home, and through diverse means, such as 

correspondence, television, the Internet, or other electronic and distance-learning methods. The training provided by 

these establishments may include the use of simulators and simulation methods. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Colleges (except junior colleges) 

Theological seminaries offering baccalaureate or graduate degrees 

Military academies, college level 

Universities 

Professional schools (e.g., business administration, dental, law, medical) 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing academic, or academic and technical, courses and granting 

associate degrees, certificates, or diplomas below the baccalaureate level are classified in Industry 611210, Junior 

Colleges. 

6114 Business Schools and Computer and Management TrainingT

 

61141 Business and Secretarial SchoolsT 

See industry description for 611410 below. 

611410 Business and Secretarial Schools 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering courses in office procedures and secretarial 

and stenographic skills and may offer courses in basic office skills, such as word processing. In addition, these 

establishments may offer such classes as office machine operation, reception, communications, and other skills 

designed for individuals pursuing a clerical or secretarial career. Instruction may be provided in diverse settings, 

such as the establishment's or client's training facilities, educational institutions, the workplace, or the home, and 

through diverse means, such as correspondence, television, the Internet, or other electronic and distance-learning 

methods. The training provided by these establishments may include the use of simulators and simulation methods. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Offering computer training (except computer repair)--are classified in Industry 611420, Computer 

Training; 

 Offering academic degrees (e.g., baccalaureate, graduate level) in business education--are classified in 

Industry 611310, Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools; and 

 Offering training in the maintenance and repair of computers--are classified in U.S. Industry 611519, Other 

Technical and Trade Schools. 

61142 Computer TrainingT

See industry description for 611420 below. 

611420 Computer Training 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in conducting computer training (except computer 

repair), such as computer programming, software packages, computerized business systems, computer electronics 

technology, computer operations, and local area network management. Instruction may be provided in diverse 

settings, such as the establishment's or client's training facilities, educational institutions, the workplace, or the 

home, and through diverse means, such as correspondence, television, the Internet, or other electronic and distancelearning methods. The training provided by these establishments may include the use of simulators and simulation 

methods. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Offering training in the maintenance and repair of computers--are classified in U.S. Industry 611519, Other 

Technical and Trade Schools; and 

 Computer retailing, wholesaling, or computer system designing that may also provide computer training--

are classified in their appropriate industries. 

61143 Professional and Management Development TrainingT

See industry description for 611430 below. 

611430 Professional and Management Development Training 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering an array of short duration courses and 

seminars for management and professional development. Training for career development may be provided directly 

to individuals or through employers' training programs; and courses may be customized or modified to meet the 

special needs of customers. Instruction may be provided in diverse settings, such as the establishment's or client's 

training facilities, educational institutions, the workplace, or the home, and through diverse means, such as 

correspondence, television, the Internet, or other electronic and distance-learning methods. The training provided by 

these establishments may include the use of simulators and simulation methods. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Advising clients on human resource and training issues without providing the training--are classified in 

U.S. Industry 541612, Human Resources Consulting Services; and 
 Offering academic degrees (e.g., baccalaureate, graduate level)--are classified in Industry 611310, 

Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools. 

6115 Technical and Trade SchoolsT

61151 Technical and Trade SchoolsT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering vocational and technical training in a variety 

of technical subjects and trades. The training often leads to job-specific certification. Instruction may be provided in 

diverse settings, such as the establishment's or client's training facilities, educational institutions, the workplace, or 

the home, and through diverse means, such as correspondence, television, the Internet, or other electronic and 

distance-learning methods. The training provided by these establishments may include the use of simulators and 

simulation methods. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Apprenticeship training programs 

Graphic arts schools 

Aviation and flight training instruction schools 

Modeling schools 

Computer repair training 

Nursing schools (except academic) 

Cosmetology schools 

Real estate schools 

Electronic equipment repair training 

Truck driving schools 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Offering courses in office procedures and secretarial and stenographic skills--are classified in Industry 

61141, Business and Secretarial Schools; 

 Offering computer training (except computer repair)--are classified in Industry 61142, Computer Training; 

 Offering professional and management development training--are classified in Industry 61143, Professional 

and Management Development Training; 

 Offering academic courses that may also offer technical and trade courses--are classified according to the 

type of school; 

 Specialty air transportation services which may also provide flight training--are classified in Industry 

48121, Nonscheduled Air Transportation; and 

 Offering registered nursing training--are classified in Industry 61121, Junior Colleges or Industry 61131, 

Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools. 

611511 Cosmetology and Barber Schools 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering training in barbering, hair styling, or 

the cosmetic arts, such as makeup or skin care. These schools provide job-specific certification. 

611512 Flight Training 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering aviation and flight training. These 

establishments may offer vocational training, recreational training, or both. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in specialty air transportation services that may also provide flight training are 

classified in U.S. Industry 481219, Other Nonscheduled Air Transportation. 
611513 Apprenticeship Training 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering apprenticeship training programs. 

These programs involve applied training as well as course work. 

611519 Other Technical and Trade Schools 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering job or career vocational or technical 

courses (except cosmetology and barber training, aviation and flight training, and apprenticeship training). The 

curriculums offered by these schools are highly structured and specialized and lead to job-specific certification. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bartending schools 

Modeling schools 

Broadcasting schools 

Real estate schools 

Computer repair training 

Truck driving schools 

Graphic arts schools 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Offering courses in office procedures and secretarial and stenographic skills--are classified in Industry 

611410, Business and Secretarial Schools; 

 Offering computer training (except computer repair)--are classified in Industry 611420, Computer 

Training; 

 Offering professional and management development training--are classified in Industry 611430, 

Professional and Management Development Training; 

 Offering registered nursing training with academic degrees (e.g., associate baccalaureate)--are classified in 

Industry 611210, Junior Colleges or in Industry 611310, College, Universities, and Professional Schools; 

 Offering aviation and flight training--are classified in U.S. Industry 611512, Flight Training; 

 Offering cosmetology and barber training--are classified in U.S. Industry 611511, Cosmetology and Barber 

Schools; 

 Offering academic courses that may also offer technical and trade courses--are classified according to the 

type of school; and 

 Offering apprenticeship training programs--are classified in U.S. Industry 611513, Apprenticeship 

Training. 

6116 Other Schools and InstructionT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering or providing instruction (except 

academic schools, colleges, and universities; and business, computer, management, technical, or trade instruction). 

Instruction may be provided in diverse settings, such as the establishment's or client's training facilities, educational 

institutions, the workplace, or the home, and through diverse means, such as correspondence, television, the Internet, 

or other electronic and distance-learning methods. The training provided by these establishments may include the 

use of simulators and simulation methods. 

61161 Fine Arts SchoolsT

See industry description for 611610 below. 

611610 Fine Arts Schools 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering instruction in the arts, including dance, art, 

drama, and music. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Art (except commercial and graphic) instruction 

Music instruction (e.g., piano, guitar) 

Dance instruction 

Music schools (except academic) 

Dance studios 

Performing arts schools (except academic) 

Drama schools (except academic) 

Photography schools (except commercial photography) 

Fine arts schools (except academic) 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments offering high school diplomas or academic degrees (i.e., even if they specialize in fine arts) 

are classified elsewhere in this subsector according to the type of school; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in offering courses in commercial and graphic arts and commercial 

photography are classified in U.S. Industry 611519, Other Technical and Trade Schools. 

61162 Sports and Recreation InstructionT

See industry description for 611620 below. 

611620 Sports and Recreation Instruction 

 This industry comprises establishments, such as camps and schools, primarily engaged in offering instruction in 

athletic activities to groups of individuals. Overnight and day sports instruction camps are included in this industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Camps, sports instruction 

Professional sports instructors (i.e., not participating in sporting events) 

Cheerleading instruction 

Riding instruction academies or schools 

Gymnastics instruction 

Sports (e.g., baseball, basketball, football, golf) instruction 

Martial arts instruction, camps or schools 

Swimming instruction 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating overnight recreational camps that may offer some athletic 

instruction in addition to other activities are classified in U.S. Industry 721214, Recreational and Vacation 

Camps (except Campgrounds); 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating sports and recreation establishments that also offer athletic 

instruction are classified in Sector 71, Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation; 

 Independent (i.e., freelance) athletes engaged in providing sports instruction and participating in spectator 

sporting events are classified in U.S. Industry 711219, Other Spectator Sports; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in offering academic courses that may also offer athletic instruction are 

classified according to the type of school. 

61163 Language SchoolsT

See industry description for 611630 below. 
611630 Language Schools 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering foreign language instruction (including sign 

language). These establishments are designed to offer language instruction ranging from conversational skills for 

personal enrichment to intensive training courses for career or educational opportunities. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Offering academic courses that may also offer language instruction--are classified according to type of 

school; and 

 Providing translation and interpretation services--are classified in Industry 541930, Translation and 

Interpretation Services. 

61169 All Other Schools and InstructionT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering instruction (except business, computer, 

management, technical, trade, fine arts, athletic, and language instruction). Also excluded from this industry are 

academic schools, colleges, and universities. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Academic tutoring services 

Public speaking training 

Automobile driving schools 

Speed reading instruction 

Exam preparation services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Offering elementary and secondary school instruction--are classified in Industry 61111, Elementary and 

Secondary Schools; 

 Offering junior college instruction--are classified in Industry 61121, Junior Colleges; 

 Offering college, university, and professional school instruction with academic degrees (e.g., baccalaureate, 

graduate)--are classified in Industry 61131, Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools; 

 Offering business, computer (except computer repair), and management training--are classified in Industry 

Group 6114, Business Schools and Computer and Management Training; 

 Offering technical and trade school instruction (e.g., computer repair and maintenance)--are classified in 

Industry 61151, Technical and Trade Schools; 

 Offering fine arts instruction--are classified in Industry 61161, Fine Arts Schools; 

 Offering sports and recreation instruction--are classified in Industry 61162, Sports and Recreation 

Instruction; and 

 Offering language instruction--are classified in Industry 61163, Language Schools. 

611691 Exam Preparation and Tutoring 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering preparation for standardized 

examinations and/or academic tutoring services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Academic tutoring services 

Learning centers offering remedial courses 

College board preparation centers 

Professional examination review instruction 
611692 Automobile Driving Schools 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering automobile driving instruction. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in offering truck and bus driving instruction are classified in U.S. Industry 

611519, Other Technical and Trade Schools. 

611699 All Other Miscellaneous Schools and Instruction 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering instruction (except business, computer, 

management, technical, trade, fine arts, athletic, language instruction, tutoring, and automobile driving instruction). 

Also excluded from this industry are academic schools, colleges, and universities. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Public speaking training 

Survival training 

Speed reading instruction 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Offering elementary and secondary school instruction--are classified in Industry 611110, Elementary and 

Secondary Schools; 

 Offering junior college instruction--are classified in Industry 611210, Junior Colleges; 

 Offering college, university, and professional school instruction with academic degrees (e.g., baccalaureate, 

graduate)--are classified in Industry 611310, Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools; 

 Offering business, computer (except computer repair), and management training--are classified in Industry 

Group 6114, Business Schools and Computer and Management Training; 

 Offering technical and trade school instruction (e.g., computer repair and maintenance)--are classified in 

Industry 61151, Technical and Trade Schools; 

 Offering fine arts instruction--are classified in Industry 611610, Fine Arts Schools; 

 Offering sports and recreation instruction--are classified in Industry 611620, Sports and Recreation 

Instruction; 

 Offering language instruction--are classified in Industry 611630, Language Schools; 

 Offering exam preparation and tutoring services--are classified in U.S. Industry 611691, Exam Preparation 

and Tutoring; and 

 Offering automobile driving instruction--are classified in U.S. Industry 611692, Automobile Driving 

Schools. 

6117 Educational Support ServicesT

61171 Educational Support ServicesT

See industry description for 611710 below. 

611710 Educational Support Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing noninstructional services that support 

educational processes or systems. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Educational consultants 
Educational testing services 

Educational guidance counseling services 

Student exchange programs 

Educational testing evaluation services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing job training for the unemployed, underemployed, physically disabled, and persons who have a 

job market disadvantage because of lack of education or job skills--are classified in Industry 624310, 

Vocational Rehabilitation Services; and 

 Conducting research and analyses in cognitive development--are classified in Industry 541720, Research 

and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities. 

 
Sector 62--Health Care and Social AssistanceT

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Health Care and Social Assistance sector comprises establishments providing health care and social assistance 

for individuals. The sector includes both health care and social assistance because it is sometimes difficult to 

distinguish between the boundaries of these two activities. The industries in this sector are arranged on a continuum 

starting with those establishments providing medical care exclusively, continuing with those providing health care 

and social assistance, and finally finishing with those providing only social assistance. The services provided by 

establishments in this sector are delivered by trained professionals. All industries in the sector share this 

commonality of process, namely, labor inputs of health practitioners or social workers with the requisite expertise. 

Many of the industries in the sector are defined based on the educational degree held by the practitioners included in 

the industry. 

 Excluded from this sector are aerobic classes in Subsector 713, Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries 

and nonmedical diet and weight reducing centers in Subsector 812, Personal and Laundry Services. Although these 

can be viewed as health services, these services are not typically delivered by health practitioners. 

621 Ambulatory Health Care ServicesT 

 Industries in the Ambulatory Health Care Services subsector provide health care services directly or indirectly to 

ambulatory patients and do not usually provide inpatient services. Health practitioners in this subsector provide 

outpatient services, with the facilities and equipment not usually being the most significant part of the production 

process. 

6211 Offices of PhysiciansT

62111 Offices of PhysiciansT

 This industry comprises establishments of health practitioners having the degree of M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) or 

D.O. (Doctor of Osteopathy) primarily engaged in the independent practice of general or specialized medicine (e.g., 

anesthesiology, oncology, ophthalmology, psychiatry) or surgery. These practitioners operate private or group 

practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical 

centers. 

Cross-References. 

 Medical centers primarily engaged in providing emergency medical care for accident or trauma victims and 

ambulatory surgical centers primarily engaged in providing surgery on an outpatient basis are classified in 

Industry 62149, Other Outpatient Care Centers; 

 Establishments of oral pathologists are classified in Industry 62121, Offices of Dentists; and 

 Establishments of speech or voice pathologists are classified in Industry 62134, Offices of Physical, 

Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists. 

621111 Offices of Physicians (except Mental Health Specialists) 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments of health practitioners having the degree of M.D. (Doctor of 

Medicine) or D.O. (Doctor of Osteopathy) primarily engaged in the independent practice of general or specialized 

medicine (except psychiatry or psychoanalysis) or surgery. These practitioners operate private or group practices in 

their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments of physicians primarily engaged in the independent practice of psychiatry or psychoanalysis 

are classified in U.S. Industry 621112, Offices of Physicians, Mental Health Specialists; 
 Freestanding medical centers primarily engaged in providing emergency medical care for accident or 

catastrophe victims and freestanding ambulatory surgical centers primarily engaged in providing surgery on 

an outpatient basis are classified in U.S. Industry 621493, Freestanding Ambulatory Surgical and 

Emergency Centers; 

 Establishments of oral pathologists are classified in Industry 621210, Offices of Dentists; and 

 Establishments of speech or voice pathologists are classified in Industry 621340, Offices of Physical, 

Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists. 

621112 Offices of Physicians, Mental Health Specialists 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments of health practitioners having the degree of M.D. (Doctor of 

Medicine) or D.O. (Doctor of Osteopathy) primarily engaged in the independent practice of psychiatry or 

psychoanalysis. These practitioners operate private or group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or 

in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers. 

6212 Offices of DentistsT

62121 Offices of DentistsT

See industry description for 621210 below. 

621210 Offices of Dentists 

 This industry comprises establishments of health practitioners having the degree of D.M.D. (Doctor of Dental 

Medicine), D.D.S. (Doctor of Dental Surgery), or D.D.Sc. (Doctor of Dental Science) primarily engaged in the 

independent practice of general or specialized dentistry or dental surgery. These practitioners operate private or 

group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO 

medical centers. They can provide either comprehensive preventive, cosmetic, or emergency care, or specialize in a 

single field of dentistry. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments known as dental laboratories primarily engaged in making dentures, artificial teeth, and 

orthodontic appliances to order for dentists are classified in U.S. Industry 339116, Dental Laboratories; and 

 Establishments of dental hygienists primarily engaged in cleaning teeth and gums or establishments of 

denturists primarily engaged in taking impressions for and fitting dentures are classified in U.S. Industry 

621399, Offices of All Other Miscellaneous Health Practitioners. 

6213 Offices of Other Health PractitionersT

 This industry group comprises establishments of independent health practitioners (except physicians and dentists). 

62131 Offices of ChiropractorsT

See industry description for 621310 below. 

621310 Offices of Chiropractors 

 This industry comprises establishments of health practitioners having the degree of D.C. (Doctor of Chiropractic) 

primarily engaged in the independent practice of chiropractic. These practitioners provide diagnostic and 

therapeutic treatment of neuromusculoskeletal and related disorders through the manipulation and adjustment of the 

spinal column and extremities, and operate private or group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in 

the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers. 

62132 Offices of OptometristsT

See industry description for 621320 below. 

621320 Offices of Optometrists 
 This industry comprises establishments of health practitioners having the degree of O.D. (Doctor of Optometry) 

primarily engaged in the independent practice of optometry. These practitioners examine, diagnose, treat, and 

manage diseases and disorders of the visual system, the eye and associated structures as well as diagnose related 

systemic conditions. Offices of optometrists prescribe and/or provide eyeglasses, contact lenses, low vision aids, 

and vision therapy. They operate private or group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the 

facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers, and may also provide the same services as opticians, 

such as selling and fitting prescription eyeglasses and contact lenses. 

Cross-References. 

 Offices of opticians primarily engaged in selling and fitting prescription eyeglasses and contact lenses are 

classified in Industry 446130, Optical Goods Stores; and 

 Offices of physicians primarily engaged in the independent practice of ophthalmology are classified in U.S. 

Industry 621111, Offices of Physicians (except Mental Health Specialists). 

62133 Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians)T

See industry description for 621330 below. 

621330 Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians) 

 This industry comprises establishments of independent mental health practitioners (except physicians) primarily 

engaged in (1) the diagnosis and treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and/or (2) the diagnosis 

and treatment of individual or group social dysfunction brought about by such causes as mental illness, alcohol and 

substance abuse, physical and emotional trauma, or stress. These practitioners operate private or group practices in 

their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments of psychiatrists, psychoanalysts, and psychotherapists having the degree of M.D. (Doctor of 

Medicine) or D.O. (Doctor of Osteopathy) are classified in U.S. Industry 621112, Offices of Physicians, Mental 

Health Specialists. 

62134 Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and AudiologistsT

See industry description for 621340 below. 

621340 Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists 

 This industry comprises establishments of independent health practitioners primarily engaged in one of the 

following: (1) providing physical therapy services to patients who have impairments, functional limitations, 

disabilities, or changes in physical functions and health status resulting from injury, disease or other causes, or who 

require prevention, wellness or fitness services; (2) planning and administering educational, recreational, and social 

activities designed to help patients or individuals with disabilities, regain physical or mental functioning or to adapt 

to their disabilities; and (3) diagnosing and treating speech, language, or hearing problems. These practitioners 

operate private or group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the facilities of others, such as 

hospitals or HMO medical centers. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Audiologists' offices 

Recreational (e.g., art, dance, music) therapists' offices 

Industrial therapists' offices 

Speech pathologists' offices 

Occupational therapists' offices 

Physical therapists' offices 
62139 Offices of All Other Health PractitionersT

 This industry comprises establishments of independent health practitioners (except physicians; dentists; 

chiropractors; optometrists; mental health specialists; physical, occupational, and speech therapists; and 

audiologists). These practitioners operate private or group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in 

the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Acupuncturists' (except MDs or DOs) offices 

Inhalation or respiratory therapists' offices 

Dental hygienists' offices 

Midwives' offices 

Denturists' offices 

Naturopaths' offices 

Dietitians' offices 

Podiatrists' offices 

Homeopaths' offices 

Registered or licensed practical nurses' offices 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 The independent practice of medicine (i.e., physicians)--are classified in Industry 62111, Offices of 

Physicians; 

 The independent practice of dentistry--are classified in Industry 62121, Offices of Dentists; 

 The independent practice of chiropractic--are classified in Industry 62131, Offices of Chiropractors; 

 The independent practice of optometry--are classified in Industry 62132, Offices of Optometrists; 

 The independent practice of mental health (except physicians)--are classified in Industry 62133, Offices of 

Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians); and 

 The independent practice of physical, occupational, and speech therapy and audiology--are classified in 

Industry 62134, Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists. 

621391 Offices of Podiatrists 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments of health practitioners having the degree of D.P.M. (Doctor of 

Podiatric Medicine) primarily engaged in the independent practice of podiatry. These practitioners diagnose and 

treat diseases and deformities of the foot and operate private or group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, 

clinics) or in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers. 

621399 Offices of All Other Miscellaneous Health Practitioners 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments of independent health practitioners (except physicians; dentists; 

chiropractors; optometrists; mental health specialists; physical, occupational, and speech therapists; audiologists; 

and podiatrists). These practitioners operate private or group practices in their own offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or 

in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Acupuncturists' (except MDs or DOs) offices 

Hypnotherapists' offices 

Dental hygienists' offices 

Inhalation or respiratory therapists' offices 

Denturists' offices 

Midwives' offices 

Dietitians' offices 
Naturopaths' offices 

Homeopaths' offices 

Registered or licensed practical nurses' offices 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 The independent practice of medicine (i.e., physicians)--are classified in Industry 62111, Offices of 

Physicians; 

 The independent practice of dentistry--are classified in Industry 621210, Offices of Dentists; 

 The independent practice of chiropractic--are classified in Industry 621310, Offices of Chiropractors; 

 The independent practice of optometry--are classified in Industry 621320, Offices of Optometrists; 

 The independent practice of mental health (except physicians)--are classified in Industry 621330, Offices of 

Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians); 

 The independent practice of physical, occupational, and speech therapy, and audiology--are classified in 

Industry 621340, Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists; and 

 The independent practice of podiatry--are classified in U.S. Industry 621391, Offices of Podiatrists. 

6214 Outpatient Care CentersT

62141 Family Planning CentersT

See industry description for 621410 below. 

621410 Family Planning Centers 

 This industry comprises establishments with medical staff primarily engaged in providing a range of family 

planning services on an outpatient basis, such as contraceptive services, genetic and prenatal counseling, voluntary 

sterilization, and therapeutic and medically induced termination of pregnancy. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Birth control clinics 

Fertility clinics 

Childbirth preparation classes 

Pregnancy counseling centers 

62142 Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse CentersT

See industry description for 621420 below. 

621420 Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers 

 This industry comprises establishments with medical staff primarily engaged in providing outpatient services 

related to the diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders and alcohol and other substance abuse. These 

establishments generally treat patients who do not require inpatient treatment. They may provide a counseling staff 

and information regarding a wide range of mental health and substance abuse issues and/or refer patients to more 

extensive treatment programs, if necessary. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Outpatient alcoholism treatment centers and clinics (except hospitals) 

Outpatient mental health centers and clinics (except hospitals) 

Outpatient detoxification centers and clinics (except hospitals) 

Outpatient substance abuse treatment centers and clinics (except hospitals) 

Outpatient drug addiction treatment centers and clinics (except hospitals) 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments known and licensed as hospitals primarily engaged in the inpatient treatment of mental 

health and substance abuse illnesses with an emphasis on medical treatment and monitoring are classified 

in Industry 622210, Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the inpatient treatment of mental health and substance abuse illness 

with an emphasis on residential care and counseling rather than medical treatment are classified in Industry 

623220, Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities. 

62149 Other Outpatient Care CentersT

 This industry comprises establishments with medical staff primarily engaged in providing general or specialized 

outpatient care (except family planning centers and outpatient mental health and substance abuse centers). Centers 

or clinics of health practitioners with different degrees from more than one industry practicing within the same 

establishment (i.e., Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Dental Medicine) are included in this industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Dialysis centers and clinics 

Outpatient biofeedback centers and clinics 

Freestanding ambulatory surgical centers and clinics 

Outpatient community health centers and clinics 

Freestanding emergency medical centers and clinics 

Outpatient sleep disorder centers and clinics 

Health maintenance organization (HMO) medical centers and clinics 

Cross-References. 

 Physician walk-in centers are classified in Industry 62111, Offices of Physicians; 

 Centers and clinics of health practitioners from the same industry primarily engaged in the independent 

practice of their profession are classified in Industry 62111, Offices of Physicians; Industry 62121, Offices 

of Dentists; and Industry Group 6213, Offices of Other Health Practitioners; 

 Family planning centers are classified in Industry 62141, Family Planning Centers; 

 Outpatient mental health and substance abuse centers are classified in Industry 62142, Outpatient Mental 

Health and Substance Abuse Centers; 

 HMO establishments (except those providing health care services) primarily engaged in underwriting 

health and medical insurance policies are classified in Industry 52411, Direct Life, Health, and Medical 

Insurance Carriers; and 

 Establishments known and licensed as hospitals that also perform ambulatory surgery and emergency room 

services are classified in Subsector 622, Hospitals. 

621491 HMO Medical Centers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments with physicians and other medical staff primarily engaged in 

providing a range of outpatient medical services to the health maintenance organization (HMO) subscribers with a 

focus generally on primary health care. These establishments are owned by the HMO. Included in this industry are 

HMO establishments that both provide health care services and underwrite health and medical insurance policies. 

Cross-References. 

 Health practitioners or health practitioner groups contracting to provide their services to subscribers of 

prepaid health plans are classified in Industry 62111, Offices of Physicians; Industry 621210, Offices of 

Dentists; and Industry Group 6213, Offices of Other Health Practitioners; and 

 HMO establishments (except those providing health care services) primarily engaged in underwriting and 

administering health and medical insurance policies are classified in U.S. Industry 524114, Direct Health 

and Medical Insurance Carriers. 
621492 Kidney Dialysis Centers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments with medical staff primarily engaged in providing outpatient kidney 

or renal dialysis services. 

621493 Freestanding Ambulatory Surgical and Emergency Centers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments with physicians and other medical staff primarily engaged in (1) 

providing surgical services (e.g., orthoscopic and cataract surgery) on an outpatient basis or (2) providing 

emergency care services (e.g., setting broken bones, treating lacerations, or tending to patients suffering injuries as a 

result of accidents, trauma, or medical conditions necessitating immediate medical care) on an outpatient basis. 

Outpatient surgical establishments have specialized facilities, such as operating and recovery rooms, and specialized 

equipment, such as anesthetic or X-ray equipment. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Freestanding ambulatory surgical centers and clinics 

Freestanding trauma centers (except hospitals) 

Freestanding emergency medical centers and clinics 

Urgent medical care centers and clinics (except hospitals) 

Cross-References. 

 Physician walk-in centers are classified in U.S. Industry 621111, Offices of Physicians (except Mental 

Health Specialists); and 

 Establishments known and licensed as hospitals that also perform ambulatory surgery and emergency room 

services are classified in Subsector 622, Hospitals. 

621498 All Other Outpatient Care Centers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments with medical staff primarily engaged in providing general or 

specialized outpatient care (except family planning centers, outpatient mental health and substance abuse centers, 

HMO medical centers, kidney dialysis centers, and freestanding ambulatory surgical and emergency centers). 

Centers or clinics of health practitioners with different degrees from more than one industry practicing within the 

same establishment (i.e., Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Dental Medicine) are included in this industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Outpatient biofeedback centers and clinics 

Outpatient pain therapy centers and clinics 

Outpatient community health centers and clinics 

Outpatient sleep disorder centers and clinics 

Cross-References. 

 Physician walk-in centers are classified in U.S. Industry 621111, Offices of Physicians (except Mental 

Health Specialists); 

 Centers and clinics of health practitioners from the same industry primarily engaged in the independent 

practice of their profession are classified in Industry 62111, Offices of Physicians; Industry 621210, 

Offices of Dentists; and Industry Group 6213, Offices of Other Health Practitioners; 

 Family planning centers are classified in Industry 621410, Family Planning Centers; 

 Outpatient mental health and substance abuse centers are classified in Industry 621420, Outpatient Mental 

Health and Substance Abuse Centers; 

 HMO medical centers are classified in U.S. Industry 621491, HMO Medical Centers; 
 Dialysis centers are classified in U.S. Industry 621492, Kidney Dialysis Centers; and 

 Freestanding ambulatory surgical and emergency centers are classified in U.S. Industry 621493, 

Freestanding Ambulatory Surgical and Emergency Centers. 

6215 Medical and Diagnostic LaboratoriesT

62151 Medical and Diagnostic LaboratoriesT

 This industry comprises establishments known as medical and diagnostic laboratories primarily engaged in 

providing analytic or diagnostic services, including body fluid analysis and diagnostic imaging, generally to the 

medical profession or to the patient on referral from a health practitioner. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Dental or medical X-ray laboratories 

Medical pathology laboratories 

Diagnostic imaging centers 

Medical testing laboratories 

Medical forensic laboratories 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments, such as dental, optical, and orthopedic laboratories, primarily engaged in providing the following 

activities to the medical profession, respectively: making dentures, artificial teeth, and orthodontic appliances to 

prescription; grinding of lenses to prescription; and making orthopedic or prosthetic appliances to prescription are 

classified in Industry 33911, Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing. 

621511 Medical Laboratories 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as medical laboratories primarily engaged in providing 

analytic or diagnostic services, including body fluid analysis, generally to the medical profession or to the patient on 

referral from a health practitioner. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Blood analysis laboratories 

Medical pathology laboratories 

Medical bacteriological laboratories 

Medical testing laboratories 

Medical forensic laboratories 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments known as dental laboratories primarily engaged in making dentures, artificial teeth, and 

orthodontic appliances to prescription are classified in U.S. Industry 339116, Dental Laboratories; 

 Establishments known as optical laboratories primarily engaged in grinding of lenses to prescription are 

classified in U.S. Industry 339115, Ophthalmic Goods Manufacturing; and 

 Establishments known as orthopedic laboratories primarily engaged in making orthopedic or prosthetic 

appliances to prescription are classified in U.S. Industry 339113, Surgical Appliance and Supplies 

Manufacturing. 

621512 Diagnostic Imaging Centers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as diagnostic imaging centers primarily engaged in producing 

images of the patient generally on referral from a health practitioner. 
Illustrative Examples: 

Computer tomography (CT-scan) centers 

Medical radiological laboratories 

Dental or medical X-ray laboratories 

Ultrasound imaging centers 

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) centers 

6216 Home Health Care ServicesT

62161 Home Health Care ServicesT

See industry description for 621610 below. 

621610 Home Health Care Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing skilled nursing services in the home, along 

with a range of the following: personal care services; homemaker and companion services; physical therapy; 

medical social services; medications; medical equipment and supplies; counseling; 24-hour home care; occupation 

and vocational therapy; dietary and nutritional services; speech therapy; audiology; and high-tech care, such as 

intravenous therapy. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Home health care agencies 

Visiting nurse associations 

In-home hospice care services 

Cross-References. 

 In-home health services provided by establishments of health practitioners and others primarily engaged in 

the independent practice of their profession are classified in Industry 62111, Offices of Physicians; Industry 

621210, Offices of Dentists; Industry Group 6213, Offices of Other Health Practitioners; and U.S. Industry 

621999, All Other Miscellaneous Ambulatory Health Care Services; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in renting or leasing products for home health care are classified in U.S. 

Industry 532291, Home Health Equipment Rental. 

6219 Other Ambulatory Health Care ServicesT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing ambulatory health care services 

(except offices of physicians, dentists, and other health practitioners; outpatient care centers; medical laboratories 

and diagnostic imaging centers; and home health care providers). 

62191 Ambulance ServicesT

See industry description for 621910 below. 

621910 Ambulance Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing transportation of patients by ground or air, 

along with medical care. These services are often provided during a medical emergency but are not restricted to 

emergencies. The vehicles are equipped with lifesaving equipment operated by medically trained personnel. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing transportation of the disabled or elderly (without medical care) are 

classified in U.S. Industry 485991, Special Needs Transportation. 
62199 All Other Ambulatory Health Care ServicesT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing ambulatory health care services (except 

office physicians, dentists, and other health practitioners; outpatient care centers; medical and diagnostic 

laboratories; home health care providers; and ambulances). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Blood donor stations 

Pacemaker monitoring services 

Blood or body organ banks 

Physical fitness evaluation services (except by offices of health practitioners) 

Health screening services (except by offices of health practitioners) 

Smoking cessation programs 

Hearing testing services (except by offices of audiologists) 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the independent practice of medicine are classified in Industry 62111, 

Offices of Physicians; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the independent practice of dentistry are classified in Industry 62121, 

Offices of Dentists; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the independent practice of health care (except offices of physicians 

and dentists) are classified in Industry Group 6213, Offices of Other Health Practitioners; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing general or specialized outpatient care services are classified 

in Industry Group 6214, Outpatient Care Centers; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing home health care services are classified in Industry 62161, 

Home Health Care Services; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in transportation of patients by ground or air, along with medical care are 

classified in Industry 62191, Ambulance Services; and 

 Establishments known as medical and diagnostic laboratories primarily engaged in providing analytic or 

diagnostic services are classified in Industry 62151, Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories. 

621991 Blood and Organ Banks 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in collecting, storing, and distributing blood and 

blood products and storing and distributing body organs. 

 

621999 All Other Miscellaneous Ambulatory Health Care Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing ambulatory health care services 

(except offices of physicians, dentists, and other health practitioners; outpatient care centers; medical and diagnostic 

laboratories; home health care providers; ambulances; and blood and organ banks). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Health screening services (except by offices of health practitioners) 

Physical fitness evaluation services (except by offices of health practitioners) 

Hearing testing services (except by offices of audiologists) 

Smoking cessation programs 

Pacemaker monitoring services 

Cross-References. 
 Establishments primarily engaged in the independent practice of medicine are classified in Industry 62111, 

Offices of Physicians; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the independent practice of dentistry are classified in Industry 621210, 

Offices of Dentists; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the independent practice of health care (except offices of physicians 

and dentists) are classified in Industry Group 6213, Offices of Other Health Practitioners; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing general or specialized outpatient care services are classified 

in Industry Group 6214, Outpatient Care Centers; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing home health care services are classified in Industry 621610, 

Home Health Care Services; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in the transportation of patients by ground or air, along with medical care 

are classified in Industry 621910, Ambulance Services; 

 Establishments known as medical and diagnostic laboratories primarily engaged in providing analytic or 

diagnostic services are classified in Industry 62151, Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories; and 

 Blood and organ banks are classified in U.S. Industry 621991, Blood and Organ Banks. 

622 HospitalsT

 Industries in the Hospitals subsector provide medical, diagnostic, and treatment services that include physician, 

nursing, and other health services to inpatients and the specialized accommodation services required by inpatients. 

Hospitals may also provide outpatient services as a secondary activity. Establishments in the Hospitals subsector 

provide inpatient health services, many of which can only be provided using the specialized facilities and equipment 

that form a significant and integral part of the production process. 

6221 General Medical and Surgical HospitalsT

62211 General Medical and Surgical HospitalsT

See industry description for 622110 below. 

622110 General Medical and Surgical Hospitals 

 This industry comprises establishments known and licensed as general medical and surgical hospitals primarily 

engaged in providing diagnostic and medical treatment (both surgical and nonsurgical) to inpatients with any of a 

wide variety of medical conditions. These establishments maintain inpatient beds and provide patients with food 

services that meet their nutritional requirements. These hospitals have an organized staff of physicians and other 

medical staff to provide patient care services. These establishments usually provide other services, such as 

outpatient services, anatomical pathology services, diagnostic 

X-ray services, clinical laboratory services, operating room services for a variety of procedures, and pharmacy 

services. 

6222 Psychiatric and Substance Abuse HospitalsT

62221 Psychiatric and Substance Abuse HospitalsT

See industry description for 622210 below. 

622210 Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals 

 This industry comprises establishments known and licensed as psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals primarily 

engaged in providing diagnostic, medical treatment, and monitoring services for inpatients who suffer from mental 

illness or substance abuse disorders. The treatment often requires an extended stay in the hospital. These 

establishments maintain inpatient beds and provide patients with food services that meet their nutritional 

requirements. They have an organized staff of physicians and other medical staff to provide patient care services. 

Psychiatric, psychological, and social work services are available at the facility. These hospitals usually provide 

other services, such as outpatient services, clinical laboratory services, diagnostic X-ray services, and 

electroencephalograph services. 
Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing treatment of mental health and substance abuse illnesses on 

an exclusively outpatient basis are classified in Industry 621420, Outpatient Mental Health and Substance 

Abuse Centers; 

 Establishments referred to as hospitals but are primarily engaged in providing inpatient treatment of mental 

health and substance abuse illness with the emphasis on counseling rather than medical treatment are 

classified in Industry 623220, Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities; and 

 Establishments referred to as hospitals but are primarily engaged in providing residential care for persons 

diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities are classified in Industry 623210, Residential 

Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities. 

6223 Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) HospitalsT

62231 Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) HospitalsT

See industry description for 622310 below. 

622310 Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals 

 This industry consists of establishments known and licensed as specialty hospitals primarily engaged in providing 

diagnostic and medical treatment to inpatients with a specific type of disease or medical condition (except 

psychiatric or substance abuse). Hospitals providing long-term care for the chronically ill and hospitals providing 

rehabilitation, restorative, and adjustive services to physically challenged or disabled people are included in this 

industry. These establishments maintain inpatient beds and provide patients with food services that meet their 

nutritional requirements. They have an organized staff 

of physicians and other medical staff to provide patient care services. These hospitals may provide other services, 

such as outpatient services, diagnostic X-ray services, clinical laboratory services, operating room services, physical 

therapy services, educational and vocational services, and psychological and social work services. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments known and licensed as hospitals primarily engaged in providing diagnostic and therapeutic 

inpatient services for a variety of medical conditions, both surgical and nonsurgical, are classified in 

Industry 622110, General Medical and Surgical Hospitals; 

 Establishments known and licensed as hospitals primarily engaged in providing diagnostic and treatment 

services for inpatients with psychiatric or substance abuse illnesses are classified in Industry 622210, 

Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals; 

 Establishments referred to as hospitals but are primarily engaged in providing inpatient nursing and 

rehabilitative services to persons requiring convalescence are classified in Industry 623110, Nursing Care 

Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities); 

 Establishments referred to as hospitals but are primarily engaged in providing residential care of persons 

diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities are classified in Industry 623210, Residential 

Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities; and 

 Establishments referred to as hospitals but are primarily engaged in providing inpatient treatment for 

mental health and substance abuse illnesses with the emphasis on counseling rather than medical treatment 

are classified in Industry 623220, Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities. 

623 Nursing and Residential Care FacilitiesT

 

 Industries in the Nursing and Residential Care Facilities subsector provide residential care combined with either 

nursing, supervisory, or other types of care as required by the residents. In this subsector, the facilities are a 

significant part of the production process and the care provided is a mix of health and social services with the health 

services being largely some level of nursing services. 
6231 Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities)T

62311 Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities)T

See industry description for 623110 below. 

623110 Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities) 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing inpatient nursing and rehabilitative 

services. The care is generally provided for an extended period of time to individuals requiring nursing care. These 

establishments have a permanent core staff of registered or licensed practical nurses who, along with other staff, 

provide nursing and continuous personal care services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Convalescent homes or convalescent hospitals (except psychiatric) 

Nursing homes 

Assisted living facilities for the elderly with nursing care 

Rest homes with nursing care 

Inpatient care hospices 

Cross-References. 

 Assisted living facilities with on-site nursing care facilities are classified in U.S. Industry 623311, 

Continuing Care Retirement Communities; and 

 Psychiatric convalescent homes are classified in Industry 623220, Residential Mental Health and Substance 

Abuse Facilities. 

6232 Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability, Mental Health, and Substance Abuse 

FacilitesT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing residential care (but not licensed 

hospital care) to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, mental illness, or substance abuse problems. 

62321 Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability FacilitiesT

See industry description for 623210 below. 

623210 Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities 

 This industry comprises establishments (e.g., group homes, hospitals, intermediate care facilities) primarily 

engaged in providing residential care services for persons diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities. 

These facilities may provide some health care, though the focus is room, board, protective supervision, and 

counseling. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing inpatient treatment of mental health and substance abuse 

illnesses with an emphasis on counseling rather than medical treatment are classified in Industry 623220, 

Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing treatment of mental health and substance abuse illnesses on 

an exclusively outpatient basis are classified in Industry 621420, Outpatient Mental Health and Substance 

Abuse Centers; and 

 Establishments known and licensed as hospitals primarily engaged in providing inpatient treatment of 

mental health and substance abuse illnesses with an emphasis on medical treatment and monitoring are 

classified in Industry 622210, Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals. 

62322 Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse FacilitiesT
See industry description for 623220 below. 

623220 Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing residential care and treatment for patients 

with mental health and substance abuse illnesses. These establishments provide room, board, supervision, and 

counseling services. Although medical services may be available at these establishments, they are incidental to the 

counseling, mental rehabilitation, and support services offered. These establishments generally provide a wide 

range of social services in addition to counseling. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Alcoholism or drug addiction rehabilitation facilities (except licensed hospitals) 

Psychiatric convalescent homes or hospitals 

Mental health halfway houses 

Residential group homes for the emotionally disturbed 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing treatment of mental health and substance abuse illnesses on 

an exclusively outpatient basis are classified in Industry 621420, Outpatient Mental Health and Substance 

Abuse Centers; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing residential care for persons diagnosed with intellectual and 

developmental disabilities are classified in Industry 623210, Residential Intellectual and Developmental 

Disability Facilities; and 

 Establishments known and licensed as hospitals primarily engaged in providing inpatient treatment of 

mental health and substance abuse illnesses with an emphasis on medical treatment and monitoring are 

classified in Industry 622210, Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals. 

6233 Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Living Facilities for the ElderlyT

62331 Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Living Facilities for the ElderlyT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing residential and personal care services for 

(1) the elderly and other persons who are unable to fully care for themselves and/or (2) the elderly and other persons 

who do not desire to live independently. The care typically includes room, board, supervision, and assistance in 

daily living, such as housekeeping services. In some instances these establishments provide skilled nursing care for 

residents in separate on-site facilities. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Assisted living facilities 

Assisted living facilities for the elderly without nursing care 

Continuing care retirement communities 

Rest homes without nursing care 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing inpatient nursing and rehabilitative services are classified in 

Industry 62311, Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities); and 

 Apartment or condominium complexes where people live independently in rented housing units are 

classified in Industry 53111, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings. 

623311 Continuing Care Retirement Communities 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing a range of residential and personal 

care services with on-site nursing care facilities for (1) the elderly and other persons who are unable to fully care for 

themselves and/or (2) the elderly and other persons who do not desire to live independently. Individuals live in a 

variety of residential settings with meals, housekeeping, social, leisure, and other services available to assist 

residents in daily living. Assisted living facilities with on-site nursing care facilities are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing inpatient nursing and rehabilitative services are classified in 

Industry 623110, Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities); 

 Assisted living facilities without on-site nursing care facilities are classified in U.S. Industry 623312, 

Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly; and 

 Apartment or condominium complexes where people live independently in rented housing units are 

classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings. 

623312 Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing residential and personal care services 

(i.e., without on-site nursing care facilities) for (1) the elderly or other persons who are unable to fully care for 

themselves and/or (2) the elderly or other persons who do not desire to live independently. The care typically 

includes room, board, supervision, and assistance in daily living, such as housekeeping services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Assisted living facilities without on-site nursing care facilities 

Rest homes without nursing care 

Assisted living facilities for the elderly without nursing care 

Cross-References. 

 Assisted living facilities with on-site nursing care facilities are classified in U.S. Industry 623311, 

Continuing Care Retirement Communities; 

 Assisted living facilities for the elderly with nursing care or rest homes with nursing care are classified in 

Industry 623110, Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities); and 

 Apartment or condominium complexes where people live independently in rented or owned housing units 

are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings. 

6239 Other Residential Care FacilitiesT

 This industry group comprises establishments of residential care facilities (except residential intellectual and 

developmental disability facilities, mental health and substance abuse facilities and continuing care retirement 

communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly). 

62399 Other Residential Care FacilitiesT

See industry description for 623990 below. 

623990 Other Residential Care Facilities 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing residential care (except residential 

intellectual and developmental disability facilities, residential health and substance abuse facilities, continuing care 

retirement communities, and assisted living facilities for the elderly). These establishments also provide supervision 

and personal care services. 

Illustrative Examples: 
Boot or disciplinary camps (except correctional) for delinquent youth 

Group homes for the hearing or visually impaired 

Child group foster homes 

Halfway group homes for delinquents or ex-offenders 

Delinquent youth halfway group homes 

Homes for unwed mothers 

Group homes for the disabled without nursing care 

Orphanages 

Cross-References. 

 Residential intellectual and developmental disability facilities are classified in Industry 623210, Residential 

Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities; 

 Continuing care retirement communities are classified in U.S. Industry 623311, Continuing Care 

Retirement Communities; 

 Residential mental health and substance abuse facilities are classified in 623220, Residential Mental Health 

and Substance Abuse Facilities; 

 Assisted living facilities for the elderly without nursing care are classified in U.S. Industry 623312, 

Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing inpatient nursing and rehabilitative services are classified in 

Industry 623110, Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities); 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing temporary shelter are classified in U.S. Industry 624221, 

Temporary Shelters; and 

 Correctional camps are classified in Industry 922140, Correctional Institutions. 

624 Social AssistanceT

 Industries in the Social Assistance subsector provide a wide variety of social assistance services directly to their 

clients. These services do not include residential or accommodation services, except on a short stay basis. 

6241 Individual and Family ServicesT

62411 Child and Youth ServicesT

See industry description for 624110 below. 

624110 Child and Youth Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing nonresidential social assistance services 

for children and youth. These establishments provide for the welfare of children in such areas as adoption and foster 

care, drug prevention, life skills training, and positive social development. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Adoption agencies 

Youth centers (except recreational only) 

Child guidance organizations 

Youth self-help organizations 

Foster care placement services 

Cross-References. 

 Youth recreational centers are classified in Industry 713940, Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers; 

 Youth recreational sports teams and leagues are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and 

Recreation Industries; 

 Scouting organizations are classified in Industry 813410, Civic and Social Organizations; and 
 Establishments primarily engaged in providing day care services for children are classified in Industry 

624410, Child Day Care Services. 

62412 Services for the Elderly and Persons with DisabilitiesT

See industry description for 624120 below. 

624120 Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing nonresidential social assistance services to 

improve the quality of life for the elderly, persons diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities, or 

persons with disabilities. These establishments provide for the welfare of these individuals in such areas as day 

care, nonmedical home care or homemaker services, social activities, group support, and companionship. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing job training for persons diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities or persons 

with disabilities--are classified in Industry 624310, Vocational Rehabilitation Services; 

 Providing residential care for the elderly, persons diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities 

or persons with disabilities--are classified in Subsector 623, Nursing and Residential Care Facilities; and 

 Providing in-home health care services--are classified in Subsector 621, Ambulatory Health Care Services. 

62419 Other Individual and Family ServicesT

See industry description for 624190 below. 

624190 Other Individual and Family Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing nonresidential individual and family social 

assistance services (except those specifically directed toward children, the elderly, persons diagnosed with 

intellectual and developmental disabilities, or persons with disabilities). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Community action services agencies 

Marriage counseling services (except by offices of mental health practitioners) 

Crisis intervention centers 

Multipurpose social services centers 

Family social services agencies 

Self-help organizations (except for disabled persons, the elderly, persons diagnosed with intellectual and 

developmental disabilities) 

Family welfare services 

Suicide crisis centers 

Hotline centers 

Telephone counseling services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing clinical psychological and psychiatric social counseling services--are classified in Industry 

621330, Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians); 

 Providing child and youth social assistance services (except day care)--are classified in Industry 624110, 

Child and Youth Services; 

 Providing child day care services--are classified in Industry 624410, Child Day Care Services; 

 Providing social assistance services for the elderly, persons diagnosed with intellectual and developmental 

disabilities, and persons with disabilities--are classified in Industry 624120, Services for the Elderly and 

Persons with Disabilities; 
 Community action advocacy--are classified in U.S. Industry 813319, Other Social Advocacy 

Organizations; and 

 Providing in-home health care services--are classified in Subsector 621, Ambulatory Health Care Services. 

6242 Community Food and Housing, and Emergency and Other Relief ServicesT

62421 Community Food ServicesT

See industry description for 624210 below. 

624210 Community Food Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the collection, preparation, and delivery of food for 

the needy. Establishments in this industry may also distribute clothing and blankets to the poor. These 

establishments may prepare and deliver meals to persons who by reason of age, disability, or illness are unable to 

prepare meals for themselves; collect and distribute salvageable or donated food; or prepare and provide meals at 

fixed or mobile locations. Food banks, meal delivery programs, and soup kitchens are included in this industry. 

62422 Community Housing ServicesT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing one or more of the following community 

housing services: (1) short term emergency shelter for victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, or child abuse; 

(2) temporary residential shelter for the homeless, runaway youths, and patients and families caught in medical 

crises; (3) transitional housing for low-income individuals and families; (4) volunteer construction or repair of low 

cost housing, in partnership with the homeowner who may assist in construction or repair work; and (5) repair of 

homes for elderly or disabled homeowners. These establishments may operate their own shelter; or may subsidize 

housing using existing homes, apartments, hotels, or motels; or may require a low-cost mortgage or work (sweat) 

equity. 

Cross-References. 

 Central offices of government housing programs are classified in Industry 92511, Administration of Housing 

Programs. 

624221 Temporary Shelters 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing (1) short term emergency shelter for 

victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, or child abuse and/or (2) temporary residential shelter for homeless 

individuals or families, runaway youth, and patients and families caught in medical crises. These establishments 

may operate their own shelters or may subsidize housing using existing homes, apartments, hotels, or motels. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing emergency shelter for victims of domestic or international disasters 

or conflicts are classified in Industry 624230, Emergency and Other Relief Services. 

624229 Other Community Housing Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing one or more of the following 

community housing services: (1) transitional housing to low-income individuals and families; (2) volunteer 

construction or repair of low-cost housing, in partnership with the homeowner who may assist in the construction or 

repair work; and (3) the repair of homes for elderly or disabled homeowners. These establishments may subsidize 

housing using existing homes, apartments, hotels, or motels or may require a low-cost mortgage or sweat equity. 

These establishments may also provide low-income families with furniture and household supplies. 

Cross-References. 
 Central offices of government housing programs are classified in Industry 925110, Administration of Housing 

Programs. 

62423 Emergency and Other Relief ServicesT

 

See industry description for 624230 below. 

 

624230 Emergency and Other Relief Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing food, shelter, clothing, medical relief, 

resettlement, and counseling to victims of domestic or international disasters or conflicts (e.g., wars). 

6243 Vocational Rehabilitation ServicesT

62431 Vocational Rehabilitation ServicesT

See industry description for 624310 below. 

624310 Vocational Rehabilitation Services 

 This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in providing vocational rehabilitation or habilitation 

services, such as job counseling, job training, and work experience, to unemployed and underemployed persons, 

persons with disabilities, and persons who have a job market disadvantage because of lack of education, job skill, or 

experience and (2) establishments primarily engaged in providing training and employment to persons with 

disabilities. Vocational rehabilitation job training facilities (except schools) and sheltered workshops (i.e., work 

experience centers) are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. 

 Schools (except high schools) primarily engaged in providing vocational training are classified in Industry 

61151, Technical and Trade Schools; 

 Vocational high schools are classified in Industry 611110, Elementary and Secondary Schools; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing career and vocational counseling (except rehabilitative) are 

classified in Industry 611710, Educational Support Services. 

6244 Child Day Care ServicesT

62441 Child Day Care ServicesT

See industry description for 624410 below. 

624410 Child Day Care Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing day care of infants or children. These 

establishments generally care for preschool children, but may care for older children when they are not in school and 

may also offer pre-kindergarten educational programs. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Child day care babysitting services 

Nursery schools 

Child or infant day care centers 

Preschool centers 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in offering kindergarten educational programs are classified in Industry 611110, 

Elementary and Secondary Schools. 
 
Sector 71--Arts, Entertainment, and RecreationT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation sector includes a wide range of establishments that operate facilities or 

provide services to meet varied cultural, entertainment, and recreational interests of their patrons. This sector 

comprises (1) establishments that are involved in producing, promoting, or participating in live performances, 

events, or exhibits intended for public viewing; (2) establishments that preserve and exhibit objects and sites of 

historical, cultural, or educational interest; and (3) establishments that operate facilities or provide services that 

enable patrons to participate in recreational activities or pursue amusement, hobby, and leisure-time interests. 

 Some establishments that provide cultural, entertainment, or recreational facilities and services are classified in 

other sectors. Excluded from this sector are: (1) establishments that provide both accommodations and recreational 

facilities, such as hunting and fishing camps and resort and casino hotels are classified in Subsector 721, 

Accommodation; (2) restaurants and night clubs that provide live entertainment in addition to the sale of food and 

beverages are classified in Subsector 722, Food Services and Drinking Places; (3) motion picture theaters, libraries 

and archives, and publishers of newspapers, magazines, books, periodicals, and computer software are classified in 

Sector 51, Information; and (4) establishments using transportation equipment to provide recreational and 

entertainment services, such as those operating sightseeing buses, dinner cruises, or helicopter rides, are classified in 

Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation. 

711 Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related IndustriesT 

 Industries in the Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries subsector group establishments that 

produce or organize and promote live presentations involving the performances of actors and actresses, singers, 

dancers, musical groups and artists, athletes, and other entertainers, including independent (i.e., freelance) 

entertainers and the establishments that manage their careers. The classification recognizes four basic processes: (1) 

producing (i.e., presenting) events; (2) organizing, managing, and/or promoting events; (3) managing and 

representing entertainers; and (4) providing the artistic, creative and technical skills necessary to the production of 

these live events. Also, this subsector contains four industries for performing arts companies. Each is defined on 

the basis of the particular skills of the entertainers involved in the presentations. 

 The industry structure for this subsector makes a clear distinction between performing arts companies and 

performing artists (i.e., independent or freelance). Although not unique to arts and entertainment, freelancing is a 

particularly important phenomenon in this Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries subsector. 

Distinguishing this activity from the production activity is a meaningful process differentiation. This approach, 

however, is difficult to implement in the case of musical groups (i.e., companies) and artists, especially pop groups. 

These establishments tend to be more loosely organized and it can be difficult to distinguish companies from 

freelancers. For this reason, NAICS includes one industry that covers both musical groups and musical artists. 

 This subsector contains two industries for Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar 

Events, one for those that operate facilities and another for those that do not. This is because there are significant 

differences in cost structures between those promoters that manage and provide the staff to operate facilities and 

those that do not. In addition to promoters without facilities, other industries in this subsector include 

establishments that may operate without permanent facilities. These types of establishments include: performing 

arts companies; musical groups and artists; spectator sports; and independent (i.e., freelance) artists, writers, and 

performers. 

 Excluded from this subsector are nightclubs. Some nightclubs promote live entertainment on a regular basis and it 

can be argued that they could be classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and 

Similar Events. However, since most of these establishments function as any other drinking place when they do not 

promote entertainment and because most of their revenue is derived from sale of food and beverages, they are 

classified in Subsector 722, Food Services and Drinking Places. 

7111 Performing Arts CompaniesT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in producing live presentations involving the 

performances of actors and actresses, singers, dancers, musical groups and artists, and other performing artists. 
71111 Theater Companies and Dinner TheatersT

See industry description for 711110 below. 

711110 Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters 

 This industry comprises (1) companies, groups, or theaters primarily engaged in producing the following live 

theatrical presentations: musicals; operas; plays; and comedy, improvisational, mime, and puppet shows and (2) 

establishments, commonly known as dinner theaters, engaged in producing live theatrical productions and in 

providing food and beverages for consumption on the premises. Theater groups or companies may or may not 

operate their own theater or other facility for staging their shows. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Comedy troupes 

Opera companies 

Live theatrical productions (except dance) 

Theatrical stock or repertory companies 

Musical theater companies 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments, such as nightclubs, primarily engaged in providing food and beverages for consumption on 

the premises and that also present live nontheatrical entertainment, are classified in Subsector 722, Food 

Services and Drinking Places; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, managing, and/or promoting performing arts productions 

without producing their own shows are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, 

Sports, and Similar Events; 

 Companies, groups, or theaters primarily engaged in producing all types of live theatrical dance 

presentations are classified in Industry 711120, Dance Companies; 

 Freelance producers and performing artists (except musicians and vocalists) primarily engaged in theatrical 

activities independent of a company or group are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, 

Writers, and Performers; and 

 Musicians and vocalists are classified in Industry 711130, Musical Groups and Artists. 

71112 Dance CompaniesT

See industry description for 711120 below. 

711120 Dance Companies 

 This industry comprises companies, groups, or theaters primarily engaged in producing all types of live theatrical 

dance (e.g., ballet, contemporary dance, folk dance) presentations. Dance companies or groups may or may not 

operate their own theater or other facility for staging their shows. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments, such as exotic dance clubs, primarily engaged in providing food and beverages for 

consumption on the premises and that also present live dance entertainment, are classified in Subsector 722, 

Food Services and Drinking Places; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing dance productions without 

producing their own shows are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, 

and Similar Events; and 

 Freelance producers and dancers primarily engaged in theatrical activities independent of a company or 

group are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers. 

71113 Musical Groups and ArtistsT
See industry description for 711130 below. 

711130 Musical Groups and Artists 

 This industry comprises (1) groups primarily engaged in producing live musical entertainment (except theatrical 

musical or opera productions), and (2) independent (i.e., freelance) artists primarily engaged in providing live 

musical entertainment. Musical groups and artists may perform in front of a live audience or in a studio, and may or 

may not operate their own facilities for staging their shows. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bands 

Musical groups (except theatrical musical groups) 

Drum and bugle corps (i.e., drill teams) 

Orchestras 

Independent musicians or vocalists 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing concerts and other musical 

performances without producing their own shows are classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of 

Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events; 

 Companies, groups, or theaters primarily engaged in producing theatrical musicals and opera productions 

are classified in Industry 711110, Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters; and 

 Freelance producers (except musical groups and artists) primarily engaged in musical activities 

independent of a company or group are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and 

Performers. 

71119 Other Performing Arts CompaniesT

See industry description for 711190 below. 

711190 Other Performing Arts Companies 

 This industry comprises companies or groups (except theater companies, dance companies, musical groups, and 

artists) primarily engaged in producing live theatrical presentations. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Carnival traveling shows 

Ice skating companies 

Circuses 

Magic shows 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments, such as comedy clubs or nightclubs, primarily engaged in providing food and beverages for 

consumption on the premises and that also present live nontheatrical entertainment are classified in 

Subsector 722, Food Services and Drinking Places; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing ice skating shows, circuses, 

and other live performing arts presentations without producing their own shows are classified in Industry 

Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events; 

 Theater companies and groups (except dance) or dinner theaters engaged in producing musicals; plays; 

operas; and comedy, improvisational, mime, and puppet shows are classified in Industry 711110, Theater 

Companies and Dinner Theaters; 

 Dance companies or groups are classified in Industry 711120, Dance Companies; 
 Freelance producers and performing artists (except musicians and vocalists) are classified in Industry 

711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and 

 Musical groups and independent musicians and vocalists are classified in Industry 711130, Musical Groups 

and Artists. 

7112 Spectator SportsT

71121 Spectator SportsT

 This industry comprises (1) sports teams or clubs primarily participating in live sporting events before a paying 

audience; (2) establishments primarily engaged in operating racetracks; (3) independent athletes engaged in 

participating in live sporting or racing events before a paying audience; (4) owners of racing participants, such as 

cars, dogs, and horses, primarily engaged in entering them in racing events or other spectator sports events; and (5) 

establishments, such as sports trainers, primarily engaged in providing specialized services to support participants in 

sports events or competitions. The sports teams and clubs included in this industry may or may not operate their 

own arena, stadium, or other facility for presenting their games or other spectator sports events. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in promoting sporting events without participating in sporting events are 

classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events; 

 Establishments, such as youth league baseball teams, primarily engaged in participating in sporting events 

for recreational purposes without playing before a paying audience are classified in Industry 71399, All 

Other Amusement and Recreation Industries; 

 Amateur, semiprofessional, or professional athletic associations or leagues are classified in Industry 81399, 

Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations); 

 Establishments primarily engaged in representing or managing the careers of sports figures are classified in 

Industry 71141, Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures; 

 Independent athletes engaged in providing sports instruction without participating in sporting events before 

a paying audience are classified in Industry 61162, Sports and Recreation Instruction; 

 Independent athletes exclusively engaged in endorsing products or making speeches are classified in 

Industry 71151, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in raising horses, mules, donkeys, and other equines are classified in 

Industry 11292, Horses and Other Equine Production. 

711211 Sports Teams and Clubs 

 This U.S. industry comprises professional or semiprofessional sports teams or clubs primarily engaged in 

participating in live sporting events, such as baseball, basketball, football, hockey, soccer, and jai alai games, before 

a paying audience. These establishments may or may not operate their own arena, stadium, or other facility for 

presenting these events. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in promoting sporting events without participating in sporting events are 

classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events; 

 Establishments, such as youth league baseball teams, primarily engaged in participating in sporting events 

for recreational purposes without playing before a paying audience are classified in Industry 713990, All 

Other Amusement and Recreation Industries; and 

 Amateur, semiprofessional, or professional athletic associations or leagues are classified in Industry 

813990, Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations). 

711212 Racetracks 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating racetracks. These establishments may 

also present and/or promote the events, such as auto, dog, and horse races, held in these facilities. 

Cross-References. 

 Owners of racing participants, such as cars, dogs, and horses, primarily engaged in entering them in racing 

events; trainers of racing participants; and independent athletes, such as jockeys and race car drivers, 

primarily engaged in participating in racing events are classified in U.S. Industry 711219, Other Spectator 

Sports; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating as stand-alone casinos are classified in Industry 713210, 

Casinos (except Casino Hotels). 

711219 Other Spectator Sports 

 This U.S. industry comprises (1) independent athletes, such as professional or semiprofessional golfers, boxers, 

and race car drivers, primarily engaged in participating in live sporting or racing events before a paying audience; 

(2) owners of racing participants, such as cars, dogs, and horses, primarily engaged in entering them in racing events 

or other spectator events; and (3) establishments, such as sports trainers, primarily engaged in providing specialized 

services required to support participants in sports events or competitions. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating racetracks are classified in U.S. Industry 711212, 

Racetracks; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in representing or managing the careers of sports figures are classified in 

Industry 711410, Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures; 

 Independent athletes engaged in providing sports instruction without participating in sporting events before 

a paying audience are classified in Industry 611620, Sports and Recreation Instruction; 

 Independent athletes exclusively engaged in endorsing products or making speeches are classified in 

Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in raising horses, mules, donkeys, and other equines are classified in 

Industry 112920, Horses and Other Equine Production. 

7113 Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar EventsT

71131 Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events with FacilitiesT

See industry description for 711310 below. 

711310 Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events with Facilities 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) organizing, promoting, and/or managing live 

performing arts productions, sports events, and similar events, such as state fairs, county fairs, agricultural fairs, 

concerts, and festivals, held in facilities that they manage and operate and/or (2) managing and providing the staff to 

operate arenas, stadiums, theaters, or other related facilities for rent to other promoters. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Producing live performances (but may also promote the performances and/or operate the facilities where 

the performances take place)--are classified in Industry Group 7111, Performing Arts Companies; 

 Operating racetracks (but may also promote the events held in these facilities)--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 711212, Racetracks; 

 Presenting sporting events (but may also promote these sporting events and/or operate the stadiums or 

arenas where the sporting events take place)--are classified in U.S. Industry 711211, Sports Teams and 

Clubs; 
 Organizing, promoting, and/or managing conventions, conferences, and trade shows (but may also operate 

the facilities where these events take place)--are classified in Industry 561920, Convention and Trade Show 

Organizers; 

 Organizing, promoting, and/or managing performing arts productions, sports events, and similar events in 

facilities managed and operated by others--are classified in Industry 711320, Promoters of Performing Arts, 

Sports, and Similar Events without Facilities; and 

 Leasing stadiums, arenas, theaters, and other related facilities to others without operating the facilities--are 

classified in Industry 531120, Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses). 

71132 Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events without FacilitiesT

See industry description for 711320 below. 

711320 Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events without Facilities 

 This industry comprises promoters primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing live performing 

arts productions, sports events, and similar events, such as state fairs, county fairs, agricultural fairs, concerts, and 

festivals, in facilities that are managed and operated by others. Theatrical (except motion picture) booking agencies 

are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Booking motion pictures or videos--are classified in U.S. Industry 512199, Other Motion Picture and Video 

Industries; 

 Producing live performances (but may also promote the performances)--are classified in Industry Group 

7111, Performing Arts Companies; 

 Operating racetracks (but may also promote the events held in these facilities)--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 711212, Racetracks; 

 Presenting sporting events (but may also promote these events)--are classified in U.S. Industry 711211, 

Sports Teams and Clubs; 

 Organizing, promoting, and/or managing conventions, conferences, and trade shows (but may also operate 

the facilities where these events take place)--are classified in Industry 561920, Convention and Trade Show 

Organizers; 

 Organizing, promoting, and/or managing performing arts, sports, and similar events in facilities they 

manage or operate--are classified in Industry 711310, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar 

Events with Facilities; and 

 Operating amateur, semiprofessional, or professional athletic associations or leagues--are classified in 

Industry 813990, Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political 

Organizations). 

7114 Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public FiguresT

71141 Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public FiguresT

See industry description for 711410 below. 

711410 Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures 

 This industry comprises establishments of agents and managers primarily engaged in representing and/or 

managing creative and performing artists, sports figures, entertainers, and other public figures. The representation 

and management includes activities, such as representing clients in contract negotiations; managing or organizing 

clients’ financial affairs; and generally promoting the careers of their clients. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Celebrity agents or managers 

Sports figure agents or managers 
Literary agents 

Talent agents 

Modeling agents 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in supplying models to clients are classified in Industry 561320, 

Temporary Help Services; and 

 Establishments known as model registries primarily engaged in recruiting and placing models for clients 

are classified in U.S. Industry 561311, Employment Placement Agencies. 

7115 Independent Artists, Writers, and PerformersT

71151 Independent Artists, Writers, and PerformersT

See industry description for 711510 below. 

711510 Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers 

 This industry comprises independent (i.e., freelance) individuals primarily engaged in performing in artistic 

productions, in creating artistic and cultural works or productions, or in providing technical expertise necessary for 

these productions. This industry also includes athletes and other celebrities exclusively engaged in endorsing 

products and making speeches or public appearances for which they receive a fee. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Independent actors or actresses 

Independent producers 

Independent art restorers 

Independent recording technicians 

Independent artists (except musical, commercial, or medical) 

Independent speakers 

Independent cartoonists 

Independent theatrical costume designers 

Independent dancers 

Independent theatrical lighting technicians 

Independent journalists 

Cross-References. 

 Freelance musicians and vocalists are classified in Industry 711130, Musical Groups and Artists; 

 Independent commercial artists and graphic designers are classified in Industry 541430, Graphic Design 

Services; and 

 Artisans and craftspersons are classified in Sector 31-33, Manufacturing. 

712 Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar InstitutionsT

 Industries in the Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions subsector engage in the preservation and 

exhibition of objects, sites, and natural wonders of historical, cultural, and/or educational value. 

7121 Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar InstitutionsT

71211 MuseumsT

See industry description for 712110 below. 

712110 Museums 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the preservation and exhibition of objects of 

historical, cultural, and/or educational value. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Art galleries (except retail) 

Planetariums 

Art museums 

Science or technology museums 

Halls of fame 

Wax museums 

Cross-References. 

 Commercial art galleries primarily engaged in selling art objects are classified in Industry 453920, Art Dealers. 

71212 Historical SitesT

See industry description for 712120 below. 

712120 Historical Sites 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the preservation and exhibition of sites, buildings, 

forts, or communities that describe events or persons of particular historical interest. Archeological sites, 

battlefields, historical ships, and pioneer villages are included in this industry. 

71213 Zoos and Botanical GardensT

See industry description for 712130 below. 

712130 Zoos and Botanical Gardens 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the preservation and exhibition of live plant and 

animal life displays. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Aquariums 

Wild animal parks 

Arboreta 

Zoological gardens 

Aviaries 

71219 Nature Parks and Other Similar InstitutionsT

See industry description for 712190 below. 

712190 Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the preservation and exhibition of natural areas or 

settings. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bird or wildlife sanctuaries 

Natural wonder (e.g., cavern, waterfall) tourist attractions 

Conservation areas 

Nature centers or preserves 

National parks 
Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating commercial hunting or fishing preserves (e.g., game farms) are 

classified in Industry 114210, Hunting and Trapping. 

713 Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation IndustriesT

 Industries in the Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries subsector (1) operate facilities where patrons 

can primarily engage in sports, recreation, amusement, or gambling activities and/or (2) provide other amusement 

and recreation services, such as supplying and servicing amusement devices in places of business operated by 

others; operating sports teams, clubs, or leagues engaged in playing games for recreational purposes; and guiding 

tours without using transportation equipment. 

 This subsector does not cover all establishments providing recreational services. Other sectors of NAICS also 

provide recreational services. Providers of recreational services are often engaged in processes classified in other 

sectors of NAICS. For example, operators of resorts and hunting and fishing camps provide both accommodation 

and recreational facilities and services. These establishments are classified in Subsector 721, Accommodation, 

partly to reflect the significant costs associated with the provision of accommodation services and partly to ensure 

consistency with international standards. Likewise, establishments using transportation equipment to provide 

recreational and entertainment services, such as those operating sightseeing buses, dinner cruises, or helicopter rides, 

are classified in Sector 48-49, Transportation and Warehousing. 

 The industry groups in this subsector highlight particular types of activities: amusement parks and arcades, 

gambling industries, and other amusement and recreation industries. The groups, however, are not all inclusive of 

the activity. The Gambling Industries industry group does not provide for full coverage of gambling activities. For 

example, casino hotels are classified in Subsector 721, Accommodation; and horse and dog racing tracks are 

classified in Industry Group 7112, Spectator Sports. 

7131 Amusement Parks and ArcadesT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating amusement parks and amusement 

arcades and parlors. 

71311 Amusement and Theme ParksT

See industry description for 713110 below. 

713110 Amusement and Theme Parks 

 This industry comprises establishments, known as amusement or theme parks, primarily engaged in operating a 

variety of attractions, such as mechanical rides, water rides, games, shows, theme exhibits, refreshment stands, and 

picnic grounds. These establishments may lease space to others on a concession basis. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating mechanical or water rides on a concession basis in amusement parks, fairs, and carnivals or in 

operating a single attraction, such as a waterslide--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement 

and Recreation Industries; 

 Operating refreshment stands on a concession basis--are classified in Industry 72251, Restaurants and 

Other Eating Places; 

 Supplying and servicing coin-operated amusement (except gambling) devices in places of business 

operated by others--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries; 

 Supplying and servicing coin-operated gambling devices (e.g., slot machines) in places of business 

operated by others--are classified in Industry 713290, Other Gambling Industries; and 

 Organizing, promoting, and/or managing events, such as carnivals and fairs, with or without facilities--are 

classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events. 

71312 Amusement ArcadesT
See industry description for 713120 below. 

713120 Amusement Arcades 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating amusement (except gambling, billiard, or 

pool) arcades and parlors. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Supplying and servicing coin-operated amusement (except gambling) devices in places of business 

operated by others or in operating billiard or pool parlors--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other 

Amusement and Recreation Industries; 

 Operating bingo, off-track betting, or slot machine parlors or in supplying and servicing coin-operated 

gambling devices (e.g., slot machines or video gambling terminals) in places of business operated by 

others--are classified in Industry 713290, Other Gambling Industries; 

 Operating casinos (except casino hotels)--are classified in Industry 713210, Casinos (except Casino 

Hotels); and 

 Operating casino hotels--are classified in Industry 721120, Casino Hotels. 

7132 Gambling IndustriesT

 This industry group comprises establishments (except casino hotels) primarily engaged in operating gambling 

facilities, such as casinos, bingo halls, and video gaming terminals, or in the provision of gambling services, such as 

lotteries and off-track betting. Casino hotels are classified in Industry 72112, Casino Hotels. 

71321 Casinos (except Casino Hotels)T

See industry description for 713210 below. 

713210 Casinos (except Casino Hotels) 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating gambling facilities that offer table 

wagering games along with other gambling activities, such as slot machines and sports betting. These 

establishments often provide food and beverage services. Included in this industry are floating casinos (i.e., 

gambling cruises, riverboat casinos). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating bingo, off-track betting, or slot machine parlors or in supplying and servicing coin-operated 

gambling devices, such as slot machines and video gaming terminals in places of business operated by 

others--are classified in Industry 713290, Other Gambling Industries; and 

 Operating casino hotels--are classified in Industry 721120, Casino Hotels. 

71329 Other Gambling IndustriesT

See industry description for 713290 below. 

713290 Other Gambling Industries 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating gambling facilities (except casinos or 

casino hotels) or providing gambling services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bingo, off-track betting, or slot machine parlors 

Coin-operated gambling device concession operators (i.e., supplying and servicing in others’ facilities) 

Bookmakers 
Lottery ticket sales agents (except retail stores) 

Card rooms (e.g., poker rooms) 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating casinos--are classified in Industry 713210, Casinos (except Casino Hotels); 

 Operating casino hotels--are classified in Industry 721120, Casino Hotels; 

 Operating facilities with coin-operated nongambling amusement devices--are classified in Industry 713120, 

Amusement Arcades; 

 Supplying and servicing coin-operated nongambling amusement devices in places of business operated by 

others--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries; and 

 Operating racetracks or presenting live racing or sporting events--are classified in Industry 71121, 

Spectator Sports. 

7139 Other Amusement and Recreation IndustriesT

71391 Golf Courses and Country ClubsT

See industry description for 713910 below. 

713910 Golf Courses and Country Clubs 

 This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in operating golf courses (except miniature) and (2) 

establishments primarily engaged in operating golf courses, along with dining facilities and other recreational 

facilities that are known as country clubs. These establishments often provide food and beverage services, 

equipment rental services, and golf instruction services. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating driving ranges and miniature golf courses--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other 

Amusement and Recreation Industries; and 

 Operating resorts where golf facilities are combined with accommodations--are classified in Industry 

Group 7211, Traveler Accommodation. 

71392 Skiing FacilitiesT

See industry description for 713920 below. 

713920 Skiing Facilities 

 This industry comprises establishments engaged in (1) operating downhill, cross-country, or related skiing areas 

and/or (2) operating equipment, such as ski lifts and tows. These establishments often provide food and beverage 

services, equipment rental services, and ski instruction services. Four-season resorts without accommodations are 

included in this industry. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating resorts where skiing facilities are combined with accommodations 

are classified in Industry Group 7211, Traveler Accommodation. 

71393 MarinasT

See industry description for 713930 below. 

713930 Marinas 
 This industry comprises establishments, commonly known as marinas, engaged in operating docking and/or 

storage facilities for pleasure craft owners, with or without one or more related activities, such as retailing fuel and 

marine supplies; and repairing, maintaining, or renting pleasure boats. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Renting pleasure boats--are classified in U.S. Industry 532292, Recreational Goods Rental; 

 Repairing pleasure boats--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair 

and Maintenance; 

 Retailing marine supplies--are classified in U.S. Industry 441222, Boat Dealers; and 

 Retailing fuel for boats--are classified in Industry 447190, Other Gasoline Stations. 

71394 Fitness and Recreational Sports CentersT

See industry description for 713940 below. 

713940 Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating fitness and recreational sports facilities 

featuring exercise and other active physical fitness conditioning or recreational sports activities, such as swimming, 

skating, or racquet sports. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Aerobic dance or exercise centers 

Ice or roller skating rinks 

Gymnasiums 

Physical fitness centers 

Handball, racquetball, or tennis club facilities 

Swimming or wave pools 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing nonmedical services to assist clients in attaining or 

maintaining a desired weight are classified in U.S. Industry 812191, Diet and Weight Reducing Centers; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating health resorts and spas where recreational facilities are 

combined with accommodations are classified in Industry 721110, Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and 

Motels; and 

 Recreational sports clubs (i.e., sports teams) not operating sports facilities are classified in Industry 713990, 

All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries. 

71395 Bowling CentersT

See industry description for 713950 below. 

713950 Bowling Centers 

 This industry comprises establishments engaged in operating bowling centers. These establishments often provide 

food and beverage services. 

71399 All Other Amusement and Recreation IndustriesT

See industry description for 713990 below. 

713990 All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries 
 This industry comprises establishments (except amusement parks and arcades; gambling industries; golf courses 

and country clubs; skiing facilities; marinas; fitness and recreational sports centers; and bowling centers) primarily 

engaged in providing recreational and amusement services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Amusement ride or coin-operated nongambling amusement device concession operators (i.e., 

supplying or servicing in others’ facilities) 

Miniature golf courses 

Archery or shooting ranges 

Recreational day camps (except instructional) 

Billiard or pool parlors 

Recreational or youth sports teams 

Boating clubs (without marinas) 

Recreational sports clubs (i.e., sports teams) not operating facilities 

Dance halls 

Riding stables 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating amusement parks and arcades are classified in Industry 

Group 7131, Amusement Parks and Arcades; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating gambling facilities (except casino hotels) or providing 

gambling services are classified in Industry Group 7132, Gambling Industries; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating casino hotels are classified in Industry 721120, Casino 

Hotels; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating golf courses (except miniature) and country clubs are 

classified in Industry 713910, Golf Courses and Country Clubs; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating skiing facilities without hotel accommodation are classified 

in Industry 713920, Skiing Facilities; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating resorts where recreational facilities are combined with 

lodging are classified in Industry Group 7211, Traveler Accommodation; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating marinas are classified in Industry 713930, Marinas; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating fitness and recreational sports centers are classified in 

Industry 713940, Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating bowling centers are classified in Industry 713950, Bowling 

Centers; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating instructional camps, such as sports camps, fine arts camps, 

and computer camps, are classified in Sector 61, Educational Services based on the nature of instruction; 

 Independent athletes engaged in participating in sporting events before a paying audience are classified in 

U.S. Industry 711219, Other Spectator Sports; 

 Independent athletes engaged in providing sports instruction without participating in sporting events before 

a paying audience are classified in Industry 611620, Sports and Recreation Instruction; 

 Independent athletes exclusively engaged in endorsing products or making speeches are classified in 

Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing scenic and sightseeing transportation are classified in 

Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation; 

 Aviation clubs primarily engaged in providing specialty air and flying services are classified in U.S. 

Industry 481219, Other Nonscheduled Air Transportation; 

 Aviation clubs primarily engaged in advocating social and political causes are classified in U.S. Industry 

813319, Other Social Advocacy Organizations; and 

 Amateur, semiprofessional, or professional athletic associations or leagues are classified in Industry 

813990, Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations). 

 
Sector 72--Accommodation and Food ServicesT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Accommodation and Food Services sector comprises establishments providing customers with lodging and/or 

preparing meals, snacks, and beverages for immediate consumption. The sector includes both accommodation and 

food services establishments because the two activities are often combined at the same establishment. 

 Excluded from this sector are civic and social organizations; amusement and recreation parks; theaters; and other 

recreation or entertainment facilities providing food and beverage services. 

721 AccommodationT 

 Industries in the Accommodation subsector provide lodging or short-term accommodations for travelers, 

vacationers, and others. There is a wide range of establishments in these industries. Some provide lodging only; 

while others provide meals, laundry services, and recreational facilities, as well as lodging. Lodging establishments 

are classified in this subsector even if the provision of complementary services generates more revenue. The types 

of complementary services provided vary from establishment to establishment. 

 The subsector is organized into three groups: (1) traveler accommodation, (2) recreational accommodation, and (3) 

rooming and boarding houses. The Traveler Accommodation industry group includes establishments that primarily 

provide traditional types of lodging services. This group includes hotels, motels, and bed-and-breakfast inns. In 

addition to lodging, these establishments may provide a range of other services to their guests. The RV 

(Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recreational Camps industry group includes establishments that operate lodging 

facilities primarily designed to accommodate outdoor enthusiasts. Included are travel trailer campsites, recreational 

vehicle parks, and outdoor adventure retreats. The Rooming and Boarding Houses industry group includes 

establishments providing temporary or longer-term accommodations, that for the period of occupancy, may serve as 

a principal residence. Board (i.e., meals) may be provided but is not essential. 

 Establishments that manage short-stay accommodation establishments (e.g., hotels and motels) on a contractual 

basis are classified in this subsector if they both manage the operation and provide the operating staff. Such 

establishments are classified based on the type of facility managed and operated. 

7211 Traveler AccommodationT

72111 Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and MotelsT

See industry description for 721110 below. 

721110 Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing short-term lodging in facilities known as 

hotels, motor hotels, resort hotels, and motels. The establishments in this industry may offer food and beverage 

services, recreational services, conference rooms and convention services, laundry services, parking, and other 

services. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing short-term lodging with a casino on the premises--are classified in Industry 721120, Casino 

Hotels; and 

 Providing short-term lodging in facilities known as bed-and-breakfast inns, youth hostels, housekeeping 

cabins and cottages, and tourist homes--are classified in Industry 72119, Other Traveler Accommodation. 

72112 Casino HotelsT

See industry description for 721120 below. 

721120 Casino Hotels 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing short-term lodging in hotel facilities with a 

casino on the premises. The casino on premises includes table wagering games and may include other gambling 

activities, such as slot machines and sports betting. These establishments generally offer a range of services and 

amenities, such as food and beverage services, entertainment, valet parking, swimming pools, and conference and 

convention facilities. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing short-term lodging in facilities known as hotels and motels that provide limited gambling 

activities, such as slot machines, without a casino on the premises--are classified in Industry 721110, 

Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels; and 

 Operating as stand-alone casinos--are classified in Industry 713210, Casinos (except Casino Hotels). 

72119 Other Traveler AccommodationT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing short-term lodging (except hotels, motels, 

and casino hotels). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bed-and-breakfast inns 

Tourist homes 

Guest houses 

Youth hostels 

Housekeeping cabins and cottages 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing short-term lodging in facilities known as hotels without a casino on the premises--are classified 

in Industry 72111, Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels; and 

 Providing short-term lodging in facilities known as hotels with a casino on the premises--are classified in 

Industry 72112, Casino Hotels. 

721191 Bed-and-Breakfast Inns 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing short-term lodging in facilities known 

as bed-and-breakfast inns. These establishments provide short-term lodging in private homes or small buildings 

converted for this purpose. Bed-and-breakfast inns are characterized by a highly personalized service and inclusion 

of a full breakfast in the room rate. 

721199 All Other Traveler Accommodation 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing short-term lodging (except hotels, 

motels, casino hotels, and bed-and-breakfast inns). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Guest houses 

Tourist homes 

Housekeeping cabins and cottages 

Youth hostels 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing short-term lodging in facilities known as hotels without a casino on the premises--are classified 

in Industry 721110, Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels; 
 Providing short-term lodging in facilities known as hotels with a casino on the premises--are classified in 

Industry 721120, Casino Hotels; and 

 Providing short-term lodging in establishments known as bed-and-breakfast inns--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 721191, Bed-and-Breakfast Inns. 

7212 RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recreational CampsT

72121 RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recreational CampsT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating recreational vehicle parks and 

campgrounds and recreational and vacation camps. These establishments cater to outdoor enthusiasts and are 

characterized by the type of accommodation and by the nature and the range of recreational facilities and activities 

provided to their clients. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Fishing and hunting camps 

Travel trailer campsites 

Outdoor adventure retreats 

Vacation camps (except instructional, day) 

Recreational vehicle parks 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating recreational facilities without accommodations--are classified in Subsector 713, Amusement, 

Gambling, and Recreation Industries; 

 Operating instructional camps, such as sports camps, fine arts camps, and computer camps--are classified in 

Sector 61, Educational Services, based on the nature of instruction; 

 Operating children's day camps (except instructional)--are classified in Industry 71399, All Other 

Amusement and Recreation Industries; and 

 Acting as lessors of residential mobile home sites (i.e., trailer parks)--are classified in Industry 53119, 

Lessors of Other Real Estate Property. 

721211 RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Campgrounds 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating sites to accommodate campers and 

their equipment, including tents, tent trailers, travel trailers, and RVs (recreational vehicles). These establishments 

may provide access to facilities, such as washrooms, laundry rooms, recreation halls and playgrounds, stores, and 

snack bars. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating recreational facilities without accommodations--are classified in Subsector 713, Amusement, 

Gambling, and Recreation Industries; and 

 Acting as lessors of residential mobile home sites (i.e., trailer parks)--are classified in Industry 531190, 

Lessors of Other Real Estate Property. 

721214 Recreational and Vacation Camps (except Campgrounds) 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating overnight recreational camps, such as 

children's camps, family vacation camps, hunting and fishing camps, and outdoor adventure retreats that offer trail 

riding, white-water rafting, hiking, and similar activities. These establishments provide accommodation facilities, 

such as cabins and fixed campsites, and other amenities, such as food services, recreational facilities and equipment, 

and organized recreational activities. 
Illustrative Examples: 

Fishing camps 

Vacation camps (except instructional, day) 

Hunting camps 

Wilderness camps 

Outdoor adventure retreats 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating instructional camps, such as sports camps, fine arts camps, and computer camps--are classified in 

Sector 61, Educational Services, based on the nature of instruction; and 

 Operating children's day camps (except instructional)--are classified in Industry 713990, All Other 

Amusement and Recreation Industries. 

7213 Rooming and Boarding HousesT

72131 Rooming and Boarding HousesT

See industry description for 721310 below. 

721310 Rooming and Boarding Houses 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating rooming and boarding houses and similar 

facilities, such as fraternity houses, sorority houses, off-campus dormitories, residential clubs, and workers' camps. 

These establishments provide temporary or longer-term accommodations which, for the period of occupancy, may 

serve as a principal residence. These establishments also may provide complementary services, such as 

housekeeping, meals, and laundry services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Dormitories (off campus) 

Sorority houses 

Fraternity houses 

Workers' camps 

Rooming houses 

722 Food Services and Drinking PlacesT

 Industries in the Food Services and Drinking Places subsector prepare meals, snacks, and beverages to customer 

order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumption. There is a wide range of establishments in these 

industries. Some provide food and drink only; while others provide various combinations of seating space, 

waiter/waitress services and incidental amenities, such as limited entertainment. The industries in the subsector are 

grouped based on the type and level of services provided. The industry groups are special food services, such as 

food service contractors, caterers, and mobile food services; drinking places; and restaurants and other eating places. 

 Food and beverage services at hotels and motels; amusement parks, theaters, casinos, country clubs, and similar 

recreational facilities; and civic and social organizations are included in this subsector only if these services are 

provided by a separate establishment primarily engaged in providing food and beverage services. 

 Excluded from this subsector are establishments operating dinner cruises. These establishments are classified in 

Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation because they utilize transportation equipment to provide 

scenic recreational entertainment. 

7223 Special Food ServicesT

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing food services at one or more of the 

following locations: (1) the customer's location; (2) a location designated by the customer; or (3) from motorized 

vehicles or nonmotorized carts. 
72231 Food Service ContractorsT

See industry description for 722310 below. 

722310 Food Service Contractors 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing food services at institutional, 

governmental, commercial, or industrial locations of others based on contractual arrangements with these type of 

organizations for a specified period of time. The establishments of this industry provide food services for the 

convenience of the contracting organization or the contracting organization's customers. The contractual 

arrangement of these establishments with contracting organizations may vary from type of facility operated (e.g., 

cafeteria, restaurant, fast-food eating place), revenue sharing, cost structure, to providing personnel. Management 

staff is always provided by the food service contractors. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Airline food service contractors 

Food concession contractors (e.g., at sporting, entertainment, convention facilities) 

Cafeteria food service contractors (e.g., at schools, hospitals, government offices) 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing food services on a single-event basis--are classified in Industry 722320, Caterers; and 

 Supplying and servicing food vending machines--are classified in Industry 454210, Vending Machine 

Operators. 

72232 CaterersT

See industry description for 722320 below. 

722320 Caterers 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing single event-based food services. These 

establishments generally have equipment and vehicles to transport meals and snacks to events and/or prepare food at 

an off-premise site. Banquet halls with catering staff are included in this industry. Examples of events catered by 

establishments in this industry are graduation parties, wedding receptions, business or retirement luncheons, and 

trade shows. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Preparing and serving meals and snacks for immediate consumption from motorized vehicles or 

nonmotorized carts--are classified in Industry 722330, Mobile Food Services; 

 Providing food services at institutional, governmental, commercial, or industrial locations of others (e.g., 

airline contractors, industrial caterers) or providing food services based on contractual arrangements for a 

specified period of time--are classified in Industry 722310, Food Service Contractors; and 

 Renting out facilities without providing catering staff--are classified in Industry 531120, Lessors of 

Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses). 

72233 Mobile Food ServicesT

See industry description for 722330 below. 

722330 Mobile Food Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in preparing and serving meals and snacks for 

immediate consumption from motorized vehicles or nonmotorized carts. The establishment is the central location 

from which the caterer route is serviced, not each vehicle or cart. Included in this industry are establishments 

primarily engaged in providing food services from vehicles, such as hot dog carts and ice cream trucks. 
Illustrative Examples: 

Ice cream truck vendors 

Mobile food concession stands 

Mobile canteens 

Mobile refreshment stands 

Mobile food carts 

Mobile snack stands 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing food services where patrons generally order or select items and pay before eating--are classified 

in U.S. Industry 722513, Limited-Service Restaurants; 

 Selling unprepared foods, such as vegetables, melons, and nuts or fruit from carts--are classified in Industry 

454390, Other Direct Selling Establishments; 

 Selling specialty snacks (e.g., ice cream, frozen yogurt, cookies, popcorn) or nonalcoholic beverages in 

nonmobile facilities for consumption on or near the premises--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack 

and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; 

 Selling food specialties, such as hamburgers, hot dogs, chicken, pizza, or specialty cuisines from nonmobile 

facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 722513, Limited-Service Restaurants or U.S. Industry 722511, 

Full-Service Restaurants, based on type of food services provided to patrons; and 

 Operating as street vendors (except food)--are classified in Industry 454390, Other Direct Selling 

Establishments. 

7224 Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages)T

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in preparing and serving alcoholic beverages for 

immediate consumption. 

72241 Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages)T

See industry description for 722410 below. 

722410 Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) 

 This industry comprises establishments known as bars, taverns, nightclubs, or drinking places primarily engaged 

in preparing and serving alcoholic beverages for immediate consumption. These establishments may also provide 

limited food services. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Preparing and serving alcoholic beverages (i.e., not known as bars or taverns) and providing food services 

to patrons--are classified in Industry 72251, Restaurants and Other Eating Places; 

 Operating a civic or social association with a bar for the association members--are classified in Industry 

813410, Civic and Social Organizations; 

 Retailing packaged alcoholic beverages not for immediate consumption on the premises--are classified in 

Industry 445310, Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores; and 

 Operating discotheques or dance clubs without selling alcoholic beverages--are classified in Industry 

713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries. 

7225 Restaurants and Other Eating PlacesT

72251 Restaurants and Other Eating PlacesT
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) providing food services to 

patrons who order and are served while seated (i.e., waiter/waitress service), and pay after eating; (2) providing food 

services to patrons who generally order or select items (e.g., at a counter, in a buffet line) and pay before eating; or 

(3) preparing and/or serving a specialty snack (e.g., ice cream, frozen yogurt, cookies) and/or nonalcoholic 

beverages (e.g., coffee, juices, sodas) for consumption on or near the premises. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Preparing and serving alcoholic beverages and known as bars, taverns, or nightclubs--are classified in 

Industry 72241, Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages); 

 Preparing and serving snacks and nonalcoholic beverages from mobile vehicles--are classified in Industry 

72233, Mobile Food Services; 

 Presenting live theatrical productions and providing food and beverages for consumption on the premises--

are classified in Industry 71111, Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters; 

 Retailing confectionery goods and nuts not packaged for immediate consumption--are classified in Industry 

44529, Other Specialty Food Stores; and 

 Retailing baked goods (e.g., pretzels, doughnuts, cookies, and bagels) not baked on the premises and not 

for immediate consumption--are classified in Industry 44529, Other Specialty Food Stores. 

722511 Full-Service Restaurants 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing food services to patrons who order 

and are served while seated (i.e., waiter/waitress service) and pay after eating. These establishments may provide 

this type of food service to patrons in combination with selling alcoholic beverages, providing carryout services, or 

presenting live nontheatrical entertainment. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing food services where patrons generally order or select items and pay before eating--are classified 

in U.S. Industry 722513, Limited-Service Restaurants; 

 Selling a specialty snack or nonalcoholic beverage for consumption on or near the premises--are classified 

in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; 

 Preparing and serving alcoholic beverages and known as bars, taverns, or nightclubs--are classified in 

Industry 722410, Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages); and 

 Presenting live theatrical productions and providing food and beverages for consumption on the premises--

are classified in Industry 711110, Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters. 

722513 Limited-Service Restaurants 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing food services (except snack and 

nonalcoholic beverage bars) where patrons generally order or select items and pay before eating. Food and drink 

may be consumed on premises, taken out, or delivered to the customer's location. Some establishments in this 

industry may provide these food services in combination with selling alcoholic beverages. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Delicatessen restaurants 

Pizza delivery shops 

Family restaurants, limited-service 

Takeout eating places 

Fast-food restaurants 

Takeout sandwich shops 

Limited-service pizza parlors 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Preparing and serving meals for immediate consumption using cafeteria-style serving equipment, known as 

cafeterias--are classified in U.S. Industry 722514, Cafeterias, Grill Buffets, and Buffets; 

 Providing food services to patrons who order and are served while seated and pay after eating--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 722511, Full-Service Restaurants; 

 Selling a specialty snack (e.g., ice cream, frozen yogurt, candy, cookies) or nonalcoholic beverages, for 

consumption on or near the premises--are classified in U.S. Industry 722515, Snack and Nonalcoholic 

Beverage Bars; 

 Retailing confectionery goods and nuts not packaged for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 445292, Confectionery and Nut Stores; 

 Retailing baked goods (e.g., pretzels, doughnuts, cookies, and bagels) not baked on the premises and not 

for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 445291, Baked Goods Stores; and 

 Preparing and serving alcoholic beverages, known as bars, taverns, or nightclubs--are classified in Industry 

722410, Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages). 

722514 Cafeterias, Grill Buffets, and Buffets 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments, known as cafeterias, grill buffets, or buffets, primarily engaged in 

preparing and serving meals for immediate consumption using cafeteria-style or buffet serving equipment, such as 

steam tables, refrigerated areas, display grills, and self-service nonalcoholic beverage dispensing equipment. 

Patrons select from food and drink items on display in a continuous cafeteria line or from buffet stations. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing food services to patrons who order and are served while seated and pay after eating--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 722511, Full-Service Restaurants; and 

 Providing food services where patrons generally order or select items and pay before eating, other than 

cafeterias, grill buffets, buffets, and snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars--are classified in U.S. Industry 

722513, Limited-Service Restaurants. 

722515 Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) preparing and/or serving a specialty snack, 

such as ice cream, frozen yogurt, cookies, or popcorn, or (2) serving nonalcoholic beverages, such as coffee, juices, 

or sodas for consumption on or near the premises. These establishments may carry and sell a combination of snack, 

nonalcoholic beverage, and other related products (e.g., coffee beans, mugs, coffee makers) but generally promote 

and sell a unique snack or nonalcoholic beverage. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Beverage bars 

Carryout service doughnut shops with on-premises baking 

Carryout service bagel shops with on-premises baking 

Carryout service pretzel shops with on-premises baking 

Carryout service cookie shops with on-premises baking 

Coffee shops, on-premises brewing 

Ice cream parlors 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Selling one or more of the following food specialties: hamburgers, hot dogs, pizza, chicken, specialty 

cuisines--are classified in U.S. Industry 722513, Limited-Service Restaurants or U.S. Industry 722511, 

Full-Service Restaurants, based on type of food services provided to patrons; 

 Preparing and serving snacks and nonalcoholic beverages from mobile vehicles--are classified in Industry 

722330, Mobile Food Services; 
 Retailing confectionery goods and nuts not packaged for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 445292, Confectionery and Nut Stores; and 

 Retailing baked goods (e.g., pretzels, doughnuts, cookies, and bagels) not baked on the premises and not 

for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 445291, Baked Goods Stores. 

 
Sector 81--Other Services (except Public Administration)T 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Other Services (except Public Administration) sector comprises establishments engaged in providing services 

not specifically provided for elsewhere in the classification system. Establishments in this sector are primarily 

engaged in activities such as equipment and machinery repairing, promoting or administering religious activities, 

grantmaking, advocacy, and providing drycleaning and laundry services, personal care services, death care services, 

pet care services, photofinishing services, temporary parking services, and dating services. 

 Private households that engage in employing workers on or about the premises in activities primarily concerned 

with the operation of the household are included in this sector. 

 Excluded from this sector are establishments primarily engaged in retailing new equipment and also performing 

repairs and general maintenance on equipment. These establishments are classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade. 

811 Repair and MaintenanceT 

 Industries in the Repair and Maintenance subsector restore machinery, equipment, and other products to working 

order. These establishments also typically provide general or routine maintenance (i.e., servicing) on such products 

to ensure they work efficiently and to prevent breakdown and unnecessary repairs. 

 The NAICS structure for this subsector brings together most types of repair and maintenance establishments and 

categorizes them based on production processes (i.e., on the type of repair and maintenance activity performed, and 

the necessary skills, expertise, and processes that are found in different repair and maintenance establishments). 

This NAICS classification does not delineate between repair services provided to businesses versus those that serve 

households. Although some industries primarily serve either businesses or households, separation by class of 

customer is limited by the fact that many establishments serve both. Establishments repairing computers and 

consumer electronics products are two examples of such overlap. 

 The Repair and Maintenance subsector does not include all establishments that do repair and maintenance. For 

example, a substantial amount of repair is done by establishments that also manufacture machinery, equipment, and 

other goods. These establishments are included in the Manufacturing sector in NAICS. In addition, repair of 

transportation equipment is often provided by or based at transportation facilities, such as airports and seaports, and 

these activities are included in the Transportation and Warehousing sector. A particularly unique situation exists 

with repair of buildings. Plumbing, electrical installation and repair, painting and decorating, and other 

construction-related establishments are often involved in performing installation or other work on new construction 

as well as providing repair services on existing structures. While some specialize in repair, it is difficult to 

distinguish between the two types and all have been included in the Construction sector. 

 Excluded from this subsector are establishments primarily engaged in rebuilding or remanufacturing machinery 

and equipment. These are classified in Sector 31-33, Manufacturing. Also excluded are retail establishments that 

provide after-sale services and repair. These are classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade. 

8111 Automotive Repair and MaintenanceT

 This industry group comprises establishments involved in providing repair and maintenance services for 

automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans, and all trailers. Establishments in this industry group 

employ mechanics with specialized technical skills to diagnose and repair the mechanical and electrical systems for 

automotive vehicles, repair automotive interiors, and paint or repair automotive exteriors. 

81111 Automotive Mechanical and Electrical Repair and MaintenanceT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing mechanical or electrical repair and 

maintenance services for automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans, and all trailers. These 

establishments may specialize in a single service or may provide a wide range of these services. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Retailing automotive vehicles and automotive parts and accessories and also providing automotive repair 

services--are classified in Subsector 441, Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers; 

 Retailing motor fuels and also providing automotive vehicle repair services--are classified in Industry 

Group 4471, Gasoline Stations; 

 Changing motor oil and lubricating the chassis of automotive vehicles--are classified in Industry 81119, 

Other Automotive Repair and Maintenance; 

 Providing automotive vehicle air-conditioning repair--are classified in Industry 81119, Other Automotive 

Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Motorcycle repair and maintenance services--are classified in Industry 81149, Other Personal and 

Household Goods Repair and Maintenance. 

811111 General Automotive Repair 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing (1) a wide range of mechanical and 

electrical repair and maintenance services for automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans, and all 

trailers or (2) engine repair and replacement. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automobile repair garages (except gasoline service stations) 

General automotive repair shops 

Automotive engine repair and replacement shops 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing new automotive parts and accessories and also providing automotive repair services--are 

classified in Industry 441310, Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores; 

 Changing motor oil and lubricating the chassis of automotive vehicles--are classified in U.S. Industry 

811191, Automotive Oil Change and Lubrication Shops; 

 Replacing and repairing automotive vehicle exhaust systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 811112, 

Automotive Exhaust System Repair; 

 Replacing and repairing automotive vehicle transmissions--are classified in U.S. Industry 811113, 

Automotive Transmission Repair; 

 Retailing motor fuels and also providing automotive vehicle repair services--are classified in Industry 

Group 4471, Gasoline Stations; 

 Retailing automobiles and light trucks for highway use and also providing automotive repair services--are 

classified in Industry Group 4411, Automobile Dealers; and 

 Motorcycle repair and maintenance services--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and 

Household Goods Repair and Maintenance. 

811112 Automotive Exhaust System Repair 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in replacing or repairing exhaust systems of 

automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automotive exhaust system replacement and repair shops 

Automotive muffler replacement and repair shops 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in motorcycle repair and maintenance services are classified in Industry 811490, 

Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance. 

811113 Automotive Transmission Repair 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in replacing or repairing transmissions of 

automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in motorcycle repair and maintenance services are classified in Industry 811490, 

Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance. 

811118 Other Automotive Mechanical and Electrical Repair and Maintenance 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing specialized mechanical or electrical 

repair and maintenance services (except engine repair and replacement, exhaust systems repair, and transmission 

repair) for automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans, and all trailers. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automotive brake repair shops 

Automotive radiator repair shops 

Automotive electrical repair shops 

Automotive tune-up shops 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing a wide range of mechanical and electrical automotive vehicle repair or specializing in engine 

repair or replacement--are classified in U.S. Industry 811111, General Automotive Repair; 

 Replacing and repairing automotive vehicle exhaust systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 811112, 

Automotive Exhaust System Repair; 

 Replacing and repairing automotive vehicle transmissions--are classified in U.S. Industry 811113, 

Automotive Transmission Repair; 

 Providing automotive vehicle air-conditioning repair--are classified in U.S. Industry 811198, All Other 

Automotive Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Motorcycle repair and maintenance services--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and 

Household Goods Repair and Maintenance. 

81112 Automotive Body, Paint, Interior, and Glass RepairT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing one or more of the following: (1) repairing 

or customizing automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans, and all trailer bodies and interiors; (2) 

painting automotive vehicle and trailer bodies; (3) replacing, repairing, and/or tinting automotive vehicle glass; and 

(4) customizing automobile, truck, and van interiors for the physically disabled or other customers with special 

requirements. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automotive body shops 

Automotive paint shops 

Automotive glass shops 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Manufacturing automotive vehicles and trailers or customizing these vehicles on an assembly-line basis--

are classified in Subsector 336, Transportation Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Motorcycle repair and maintenance services--are classified in Industry 81149, Other Personal and 

Household Goods Repair and Maintenance. 
811121 Automotive Body, Paint, and Interior Repair and Maintenance 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in repairing or customizing automotive vehicles, 

such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans, and all trailer bodies and interiors; and/or painting automotive vehicles and 

trailer bodies. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automotive body shops 

Automotive upholstery shops 

Automotive paint shops 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Automotive glass replacement, repair and/or tinting--are classified in U.S. Industry 811122, Automotive 

Glass Replacement Shops; 

 Manufacturing automotive vehicles and trailers or customizing these vehicles on an assembly-line basis--

are classified in Subsector 336, Transportation Equipment Manufacturing; and 

 Motorcycle repair and maintenance services--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and 

Household Goods Repair and Maintenance. 

811122 Automotive Glass Replacement Shops 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in replacing, repairing, and/or tinting automotive 

vehicle, such as passenger car, truck, and van, glass. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in motorcycle repair and maintenance services are classified in Industry 811490, 

Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance. 

81119 Other Automotive Repair and MaintenanceT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing automotive repair and maintenance 

services (except mechanical and electrical repair and maintenance; transmission repair; and body, paint, interior, and 

glass repair) for automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans, and all trailers. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automotive air-conditioning repair shops 

Automotive tire repair shops 

Automotive oil change and lubrication shops 

Car washes 

Automotive rustproofing and undercoating shops 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Tire retreading or recapping--are classified in Industry 32621, Tire Manufacturing; 

 Automotive vehicle mechanical and electrical repair and maintenance--are classified in Industry 81111, 

Automotive Mechanical and Electrical Repair and Maintenance; 

 Automotive body, paint, interior, and glass repair--are classified in Industry 81112, Automotive Body, 

Paint, Interior, and Glass Repair; and 

 Motorcycle repair and maintenance services--are classified in Industry 81149, Other Personal and 

Household Goods Repair and Maintenance. 

811191 Automotive Oil Change and Lubrication Shops 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in changing motor oil and lubricating the chassis 

of automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in motorcycle repair and maintenance services are classified in Industry 811490, 

Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance. 

811192 Car Washes 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in cleaning, washing, and/or waxing automotive 

vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans, and trailers. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automotive detail shops 

Mobile car and truck washes 

Car washes 

811198 All Other Automotive Repair and Maintenance 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing automotive repair and maintenance 

services (except mechanical and electrical repair and maintenance; body, paint, interior, and glass repair; motor oil 

change and lubrication; and car washing) for automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans, and all 

trailers. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Automotive air-conditioning repair shops 

Automotive tire repair (except retreading) shops 

Automotive rustproofing and undercoating shops 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Tire retreading or recapping--are classified in U.S. Industry 326212, Tire Retreading; 

 Providing a range of mechanical and electrical automotive vehicle repair or specializing in engine repair or 

replacement--are classified in U.S. Industry 811111, General Automotive Repair; 

 Replacing and repairing automotive vehicle exhaust systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 811112, 

Automotive Exhaust System Repair; 

 Replacing and repairing automotive vehicle transmissions--are classified in U.S. Industry 811113, 

Automotive Transmission Repair; 

 Repairing or customizing automotive vehicle bodies and interiors--are classified in U.S. Industry 811121, 

Automotive Body, Paint, and Interior Repair and Maintenance; 

 Replacing, repairing, and/or tinting automotive glass--are classified in U.S. Industry 811122, Automotive 

Glass Replacement Shops; 

 Changing motor oil and lubricating the chassis of automotive vehicles--are classified in U.S. Industry 

811191, Automotive Oil Change and Lubrication Shops; 

 Cleaning, washing, and/or waxing automotive vehicles and trailers--are classified in U.S. Industry 811192, 

Car Washes; 

 Motorcycle repair and maintenance services--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and 

Household Goods Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Retailing and installing audio equipment--are classified in Industry 441310, Automotive Parts and 

Accessories Stores. 
8112 Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and MaintenanceT 

 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in repairing electronic equipment, such as 

computers and communications equipment, and highly specialized precision instruments. Establishments in this 

industry group typically have staff skilled in repairing items having complex, electronic components. 

81121 Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and MaintenanceT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in repairing and maintaining one or more of the 

following: (1) consumer electronic equipment; (2) computers; (3) office machines; (4) communication equipment; 

and (5) other electronic and precision equipment and instruments, without retailing these products as new. 

Establishments in this industry repair items, such as microscopes, radar and sonar equipment, televisions, stereos, 

video recorders, computers, fax machines, photocopying machines, two-way radios and other communications 

equipment, scientific instruments, and medical equipment. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Installing and monitoring home security systems--are classified in Industry 56162, Security Systems 

Services; 

 Retailing new radios, televisions, and other consumer electronics and also providing repair services--are 

classified in Industry 44314, Electronics and Appliance Stores; 

 Retailing new computers and computer peripherals and also providing repair services--are classified in 

Industry 44314, Electronics and Appliance Stores; and 

 Rewinding armatures and rebuilding electric motors on a factory basis--are classified in Industry 33531, 

Electrical Equipment Manufacturing. 

811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in repairing and maintaining consumer electronics, 

such as televisions, stereos, speakers, video recorders, CD players, radios, and cameras, without retailing new 

consumer electronics. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Repairing computers and peripheral equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 811212, Computer and 

Office Machine Repair and Maintenance; 

 Installing and monitoring home security systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 561621, Security Systems 

Services (except Locksmiths); 

 Retailing new radios, televisions, and other consumer electronics and also providing repair services--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 443142, Electronics Stores; and 

 Repairing two-way radios--are classified in U.S. Industry 811213, Communication Equipment Repair and 

Maintenance. 

811212 Computer and Office Machine Repair and Maintenance 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in repairing and maintaining computers and office 

machines without retailing new computers and office machines, such as photocopying machines; computer 

terminals, storage devices, and printers; and CD-ROM drives. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing new computers and computer peripherals and also providing repair services--are classified in U.S. 

Industry 443142, Electronics Stores; and 

 Repairing and servicing fax machines--are classified in U.S. Industry 811213, Communication Equipment 

Repair and Maintenance. 
811213 Communication Equipment Repair and Maintenance 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in repairing and maintaining communications 

equipment without retailing new communication equipment, such as telephones, fax machines, communications 

transmission equipment, and two-way radios. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing new telephones and also providing repair services--are classified in U.S. Industry 443142, 

Electronics Stores; and 

 Repairing stereo and other consumer electronic equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 811211, 

Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance. 

811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in repairing and maintaining (without retailing) 

electronic and precision equipment (except consumer electronics, computers and office machines, and 

communications equipment). Establishments in this industry repair and maintain equipment, such as medical 

diagnostic imaging equipment, measuring and surveying instruments, laboratory instruments, and radar and sonar 

equipment. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Rewinding armatures and rebuilding electric motors on a factory basis--are classified in U.S. Industry 

335312, Motor and Generator Manufacturing; 

 Repairing stereo and other consumer electronic equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 811211, 

Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; 

 Repairing computers and office machines--are classified in U.S. Industry 811212, Computer and Office 

Machine Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Repairing communications equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 811213, Communication Equipment 

Repair and Maintenance. 

8113 Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair 

and MaintenanceT

81131 Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair 

and MaintenanceT

 

See industry description for 811310 below. 

811310 Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair 

and Maintenance 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the repair and maintenance of commercial and 

industrial machinery and equipment. Establishments in this industry either sharpen/install commercial and industrial 

machinery blades and saws or provide welding (e.g., automotive, general) repair services; or repair agricultural and 

other heavy and industrial machinery and equipment (e.g., forklifts and other materials handling equipment, 

machine tools, commercial refrigeration equipment, construction equipment, and mining machinery). 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Automotive repair (except welding) and maintenance are--classified in Industry Group 8111, Automotive 

Repair and Maintenance; 

 Repairing and maintaining electronic and precision equipment--are classified in Industry 81121, Electronic 

and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; 

 Repairing and servicing aircraft--are classified in Industry 488190, Other Support Activities for Air 

Transportation; 
 Converting, rebuilding, and overhauling aircraft--are classified in Industry 33641, Aerospace Product and 

Parts Manufacturing; 

 Repairing and servicing railroad cars and engines--are classified in Industry 488210, Support Activities for 

Rail Transportation; 

 Rebuilding or remanufacturing railroad engines and cars--are classified in Industry 336510, Railroad 

Rolling Stock Manufacturing; 

 Repairing and overhauling ships at floating dry docks--are classified in Industry 488390, Other Support 

Activities for Water Transportation; 

 Repairing and overhauling ships at shipyards--are classified in U.S. Industry 336611, Ship Building and 

Repairing; 

 Rewinding armatures or rebuilding electric motors on a factory basis--are classified in U.S. Industry 

335312, Motor and Generator Manufacturing; and 

 Repairing and maintaining home and garden equipment (e.g., sharpening or installing blades and saws)--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 811411, Home and Garden Equipment Repair and Maintenance. 

8114 Personal and Household Goods Repair and MaintenanceT

81141 Home and Garden Equipment and Appliance Repair and MaintenanceT

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in repairing and servicing home and garden equipment 

and/or household-type appliances without retailing new equipment or appliances. Establishments in this industry 

repair and maintain items, such as lawnmowers, edgers, snow- and leaf-blowers, washing machines, clothes dryers, 

and refrigerators. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing outdoor power equipment and also providing repair services--are classified in Industry 44421, 

Outdoor Power Equipment Stores; 

 Retailing an array of new appliances and also providing repair services--are classified in Industry 44314, 

Electronics and Appliance Stores; 

 Repairing, servicing, or installing central heating and air-conditioning equipment--are classified in Industry 

23822, Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; and 

 Repairing commercial refrigeration equipment--are classified in Industry 81131, Commercial and Industrial 

Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance. 

811411 Home and Garden Equipment Repair and Maintenance 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in repairing and servicing home and garden 

equipment without retailing new home and garden equipment, such as lawnmowers, handheld power tools, edgers, 

snow- and leaf-blowers, and trimmers. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in retailing new outdoor power equipment and also providing repair services are 

classified in Industry 444210, Outdoor Power Equipment Stores. 

811412 Appliance Repair and Maintenance 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in repairing and servicing household appliances 

without retailing new appliances, such as refrigerators, stoves, washing machines, clothes dryers, and room airconditioners. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Installing central heating and air-conditioning equipment--are classified in Industry 238220, Plumbing, 

Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; 
 Repairing commercial refrigeration equipment--are classified in Industry 811310, Commercial and 

Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance; and 

 Retailing an array of new appliances and also providing repair services--are classified in U.S. Industry 

443141, Household Appliance Stores. 

81142 Reupholstery and Furniture RepairT

See industry description for 811420 below. 

811420 Reupholstery and Furniture Repair 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) reupholstering 

furniture; (2) refinishing furniture; (3) repairing furniture; and (4) repairing and restoring furniture. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Automotive vehicle and trailer upholstery repair--are classified in U.S. Industry 811121, Automotive Body, 

Paint, and Interior Repair and Maintenance; and 

 The restoration of museum pieces--are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and 

Performers. 

81143 Footwear and Leather Goods RepairT

See industry description for 811430 below. 

811430 Footwear and Leather Goods Repair 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in repairing footwear and/or repairing other leather or 

leather-like goods without retailing new footwear and leather or leather-like goods, such as handbags and briefcases. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Retailing new luggage and leather goods and also providing repair services--are classified in Industry 

448320, Luggage and Leather Goods Stores; 

 Shining shoes--are classified in Industry 812990, All Other Personal Services; and 

 Repairing leather clothing--are classified in Industry 811490, Other Personal and Household Goods Repair 

and Maintenance. 

81149 Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and MaintenanceT

See industry description for 811490 below. 

811490 Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in repairing and servicing personal or household-type 

goods without retailing new personal or household-type goods (except home and garden equipment, appliances, 

furniture, and footwear and leather goods). Establishments in this industry repair items, such as garments; watches; 

jewelry; musical instruments; bicycles and motorcycles; and motorboats, canoes, sailboats, and other recreational 

boats. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Repairing home and garden equipment--are classified in U.S. Industry 811411, Home and Garden 

Equipment Repair and Maintenance; 

 Repairing appliances--are classified in U.S. Industry 811412, Appliance Repair and Maintenance; 

 Reupholstering and repairing furniture--are classified in Industry 811420, Reupholstery and Furniture 

Repair; 

 Repairing footwear and leather goods--are classified in Industry 811430, Footwear and Leather Goods 

Repair; 
 Operating marinas and providing a range of other services including boat cleaning and repair--are classified 

in Industry 713930, Marinas; and 

 Drycleaning garments--are classified in Industry Group 8123, Drycleaning and Laundry Services. 

812 Personal and Laundry ServicesT

 

 Industries in the Personal and Laundry Services subsector group establishments that provide personal and laundry 

services to individuals, households, and businesses. Services performed include: personal care services; death care 

services; laundry and drycleaning services; and a wide range of other personal services, such as pet care (except 

veterinary) services, photofinishing services, temporary parking services, and dating services. 

 The Personal and Laundry Services subsector is by no means all-inclusive of the services that could be termed 

personal services (i.e., those provided to individuals rather than businesses). There are many other subsectors, as 

well as sectors, that provide services to persons. Establishments providing legal, accounting, tax preparation, 

architectural, portrait photography, and similar professional services are classified in Sector 54, Professional, 

Scientific, and Technical Services; those providing job placement, travel arrangement, home security, interior and 

exterior house cleaning, exterminating, lawn and garden care, and similar support services are classified in Sector 

56, Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services; those providing health and 

social services are classified in Sector 62, Health Care and Social Assistance; those providing amusement and 

recreation services are classified in Sector 71, Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation; those providing educational 

instruction are classified in Sector 61, Educational Services; those providing repair services are classified in 

Subsector 811, Repair and Maintenance; and those providing spiritual, civic, and advocacy services are classified in 

Subsector 813, Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations. 

8121 Personal Care Services 

 This industry group comprises establishments, such as barber and beauty shops, that provide appearance care 

services to individual consumers. 

81211 Hair, Nail, and Skin Care Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) providing hair care 

services; (2) providing nail care services; and (3) providing facials or applying makeup (except permanent makeup). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Barber shops 

Hair stylist shops 

Beauty salons 

Nail salons 

Cosmetology salons 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Offering training in barbering, hair styling, or the cosmetic arts--are classified in Industry 61151, Technical 

and Trade Schools; 

 Providing massage, electrolysis (i.e., hair removal), permanent makeup, or tanning services--are classified 

in Industry 81219, Other Personal Care Services; and 

 Providing medical skin care services (e.g., cosmetic surgery, dermatology)--are classified in Sector 62, 

Health Care and Social Assistance. 

812111 Barber Shops 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as barber shops or men's hair stylist shops primarily engaged 

in cutting, trimming, and styling men's and boys' hair; and/or shaving and trimming men's beards. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Offering training in barbering--are classified in U.S. Industry 611511, Cosmetology and Barber Schools; 

and 

 Providing hair care services (except establishments known as barber shops or men's hair stylists)--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 812112, Beauty Salons. 

812112 Beauty Salons 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except those known as barber shops or men's hair stylist shops) 

primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) cutting, trimming, shampooing, coloring, waving, or styling 

hair; (2) providing facials; and (3) applying makeup (except permanent makeup). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Beauty parlors or shops 

Facial salons or shops 

Combined beauty and barber shops 

Hairdressing salons or shops 

Cosmetology salons or shops 

Unisex or women's hair stylist shops 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Cutting, trimming, and styling men's and boys' hair (known as barber shops or men's hair stylist shops)--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 812111, Barber Shops; 

 Offering training in hair styling or the cosmetic arts--are classified in U.S. Industry 611511, Cosmetology 

and Barber Schools; 

 Providing nail care services--are classified in U.S. Industry 812113, Nail Salons; 

 Providing massage, electrolysis (i.e., hair removal), permanent makeup, or tanning services--are classified 

in U.S. Industry 812199, Other Personal Care Services; and 

 Providing medical skin care services (e.g., cosmetic surgery, dermatology)--are classified in Sector 62, 

Health Care and Social Assistance. 

812113 Nail Salons 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing nail care services, such as manicures, 

pedicures, and nail extensions. 

81219 Other Personal Care Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing personal care services (except hair, nail, 

facial, or nonpermanent makeup services). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Depilatory or electrolysis (i.e., hair removal) salons 

Permanent makeup salons 

Ear piercing services 

Steam or turkish baths 

Hair replacement (except by offices of physicians) or weaving services 

Tanning salons 

Massage parlors 

Tattoo parlors 

Nonmedical diet and weight reducing centers 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Providing hair, nail, facial, or nonpermanent makeup services--are classified in Industry 81211, Hair, Nail, 

and Skin Care Services; 

 Operating physical fitness facilities--are classified in Industry 71394, Fitness and Recreational Sports 

Centers; 

 Operating health resorts and spas that provide lodging--are classified in Industry 72111, Hotels (except 

Casino Hotels) and Motels; and 

 Providing medical or surgical hair replacement or weight reduction--are classified in Sector 62, Health Care 

and Social Assistance. 

812191 Diet and Weight Reducing Centers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing nonmedical services to assist clients 

in attaining or maintaining a desired weight. The sale of weight reduction products, such as food supplements, may 

be an integral component of the program. These services typically include individual or group counseling, menu 

and exercise planning, and weight and body measurement monitoring. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating physical fitness facilities--are classified in Industry 713940, Fitness and Recreational Sports 

Centers; 

 Operating health resorts and spas that provide lodging--are classified in Industry 721110, Hotels (except 

Casino Hotels) and Motels; and 

 Providing medical or surgical weight reduction--are classified in Sector 62, Health Care and Social 

Assistance. 

812199 Other Personal Care Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing personal care services (except hair, 

nail, facial, nonpermanent makeup, or nonmedical diet and weight reducing services). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Depilatory or electrolysis (i.e., hair removal) salons 

Saunas 

Ear piercing services 

Steam or turkish baths 

Hair replacement (except by offices of physicians) or weaving services 

Tanning salons 

Massage parlors 

Tattoo parlors 

Permanent makeup salons 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Cutting, trimming, and styling men's and boys' hair (known as barber shops or men's hair stylist shops)--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 812111, Barber Shops; 

 Providing hair, facial, or nonpermanent makeup services (except establishments known as barber shops or 

men's hair stylist shops)--are classified in U.S. Industry 812112, Beauty Salons; 

 Nail care services--are classified in U.S. Industry 812113, Nail Salons; 

 Providing nonmedical diet and weight reducing services--are classified in U.S. Industry 812191, Diet and 

Weight Reducing Centers; and 

 Providing medical or surgical hair replacement or weight reduction services--are classified in Sector 62, 

Health Care and Social Assistance. 

8122 Death Care Services 
81221 Funeral Homes and Funeral Services 

See industry description for 812210 below. 

812210 Funeral Homes and Funeral Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in preparing the dead for burial or interment and 

conducting funerals (i.e., providing facilities for wakes, arranging transportation for the dead, selling caskets and 

related merchandise). Funeral homes combined with crematories are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments (except funeral homes) primarily engaged in cremating the dead are classified in Industry 812220, 

Cemeteries and Crematories. 

81222 Cemeteries and Crematories 

See industry description for 812220 below. 

812220 Cemeteries and Crematories 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating sites or structures reserved for the 

interment of human or animal remains and/or cremating the dead. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Cemetery associations (i.e., operators of cemeteries) 

Memorial gardens (i.e., burial places) 

Crematories (except combined with funeral homes) 

Pet cemeteries 

Mausoleums 

Cross-References. 

 Crematories combined with funeral homes are classified in Industry 812210, Funeral Homes and Funeral Services. 

8123 Drycleaning and Laundry Services 

81231 Coin-Operated Laundries and Drycleaners 

See industry description for 812310 below. 

812310 Coin-Operated Laundries and Drycleaners 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) operating facilities with coin-operated or similar 

self-service laundry and drycleaning equipment for customer use on the premises and/or (2) supplying and servicing 

coin-operated or similar self-service laundry and drycleaning equipment for customer use in places of business 

operated by others, such as apartments and dormitories. 

81232 Drycleaning and Laundry Services (except Coin-Operated) 

See industry description for 812320 below. 

812320 Drycleaning and Laundry Services (except Coin-Operated) 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) providing 

drycleaning services (except coin-operated); (2) providing laundering services (except linen and uniform supply or 

coin-operated); (3) providing dropoff and pickup sites for laundries and/or drycleaners; and (4) providing specialty 

cleaning services for specific types of garments and other textile items (except carpets and upholstery), such as fur, 
leather, or suede garments; wedding gowns; hats; draperies; and pillows. These establishments may provide all, a 

combination of, or none of the cleaning services on the premises. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Supplying laundered linens and uniforms on a rental or contract basis--are classified in Industry 81233, 

Linen and Uniform Supply; 

 Operating coin-operated or similar self-service laundry or drycleaning facilities--are classified in Industry 

812310, Coin-Operated Laundries and Drycleaners; and 

 Cleaning used carpets and upholstery--are classified in Industry 561740, Carpet and Upholstery Cleaning 

Services. 

81233 Linen and Uniform Supply 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in supplying, on a rental or contract basis, laundered 

items, such as uniforms, gowns and coats, table linens, bed linens, towels, clean room apparel, and treated mops or 

shop towels. 

812331 Linen Supply 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in supplying, on a rental or contract basis, 

laundered items, such as table and bed linens; towels; diapers; and uniforms, gowns, or coats of the type used by 

doctors, nurses, barbers, beauticians, and waitresses. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in supplying, on a rental or contract basis, laundered industrial work uniforms 

and related work clothing are classified in U.S. Industry 812332, Industrial Launderers. 

812332 Industrial Launderers 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in supplying, on a rental or contract basis, 

laundered industrial work uniforms and related work clothing, such as protective apparel (flame and heat resistant) 

and clean room apparel; dust control items, such as treated mops, rugs, mats, dust tool covers, cloths, and shop or 

wiping towels. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in supplying, on a rental or contract basis, laundered uniforms, gowns or coats 

of the type used by doctors, nurses, barbers, beauticians, and waitresses are classified in U.S. Industry 812331, 

Linen Supply. 

8129 Other Personal Services 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing personal services (except personal 

care services, death care services, or drycleaning and laundry services). 

81291 Pet Care (except Veterinary) Services 

See industry description for 812910 below. 

812910 Pet Care (except Veterinary) Services 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing pet care services (except veterinary), such 

as boarding, grooming, sitting, and training pets. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 
 Practicing veterinary medicine--are classified in Industry 541940, Veterinary Services; 

 Boarding horses--are classified in Industry 115210, Support Activities for Animal Production; and 

 Transporting pets--are classified in U.S. Industry 485991, Special Needs Transportation. 

81292 Photofinishing 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing film and/or making photographic slides, 

prints, and enlargements. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in processing motion picture film for the motion picture and television 

industries are classified in Industry 51219, Postproduction Services and Other Motion Picture and Video Industries. 

812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour) 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except those known as "one-hour" photofinishing labs) primarily 

engaged in developing film and/or making photographic slides, prints, and enlargements. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in processing motion picture film for the motion picture and television 

industries are classified in U.S. Industry 512199, Other Motion Picture and Video Industries; and 

 Establishments known as "one-hour" photofinishing labs are classified in U.S. Industry 812922, One-Hour 

Photofinishing. 

812922 One-Hour Photofinishing 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as "one-hour" photofinishing labs primarily engaged in 

developing film and/or making photographic slides, prints, and enlargements on a short turnaround or while-youwait basis. 

Cross-References. 

 Photofinishing laboratories (except those known as "one-hour" photofinishing labs) are classified in U.S. Industry 

812921, Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour). 

81293 Parking Lots and Garages 

See industry description for 812930 below. 

812930 Parking Lots and Garages 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing parking space for motor vehicles, usually 

on an hourly, daily, or monthly basis and/or valet parking services. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing extended or dead storage of motor vehicles are classified in 

Industry 493190, Other Warehousing and Storage. 

81299 All Other Personal Services 

See industry description for 812990 below. 

812990 All Other Personal Services 
 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing personal services (except personal care 

services, death care services, drycleaning and laundry services, pet care services, photofinishing services, or parking 

space and/or valet parking services). 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bail bonding or bondsperson services 

Shoeshine services 

Coin-operated personal services machine (e.g., blood pressure, locker, photographic, scale, shoeshine) concession 

operators 

Social escort services 

Consumer buying services 

Wedding planning services 

Dating services 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing personal care services--are classified in Industry Group 8121, Personal Care Services; 

 Providing death care services--are classified in Industry Group 8122, Death Care Services; 

 Providing drycleaning and laundry services--are classified in Industry Group 8123, Drycleaning and 

Laundry Services; 

 Providing pet care (except veterinary) services--are classified in Industry 812910, Pet Care (except 

Veterinary) Services; 

 Practicing veterinary medicine--are classified in Industry 541940, Veterinary Services; 

 Providing photofinishing services--are classified in Industry 81292, Photofinishing; and 

 Providing parking space for motor vehicles and/or valet parking services--are classified in Industry 812930, 

Parking Lots and Garages. 

813 Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar OrganizationsT

 Industries in the Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations subsector group 

establishments that organize and promote religious activities; support various causes through grantmaking; advocate 

various social and political causes; and promote and defend the interests of their members. 

 The industry groups within the subsector are defined in terms of their activities, such as establishments that 

provide funding for specific causes or for a variety of charitable causes; establishments that advocate and actively 

promote causes and beliefs for the public good; and establishments that have an active membership structure to 

promote causes and represent the interests of their members. Establishments in this subsector may publish 

newsletters, books, and periodicals, for distribution to their membership. 

8131 Religious Organizations 

81311 Religious Organizations 

See industry description for 813110 below. 

813110 Religious Organizations 

 This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in operating religious organizations, such as 

churches, religious temples, and monasteries, and/or (2) establishments primarily engaged in administering an 

organized religion or promoting religious activities. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Churches 

Shrines, religious 

Monasteries (except schools) 

Synagogues 
Mosques, religious 

Temples, religious 

Cross-References. 

 Schools, colleges, or universities operated by religious organizations are classified in Sector 61, 

Educational Services; 

 Radio and television stations operated by religious organizations are classified in Subsector 515, 

Broadcasting (except Internet); 

 Publishing houses operated by religious organizations are classified in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries 

(except Internet); 

 Establishments operated by religious organizations primarily engaged in health and social assistance for 

individuals are classified in Sector 62, Health Care and Social Assistance; and 

 Used merchandise stores operated by religious organizations are classified in Industry 453310, Used 

Merchandise Stores. 

8132 Grantmaking and Giving Services 

81321 Grantmaking and Giving Services 

 This industry comprises (1) establishments known as grantmaking foundations or charitable trusts and (2) 

establishments primarily engaged in raising funds for a wide range of social welfare activities, such as health, 

educational, scientific, and cultural activities. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Providing trust management services for others--are classified in Industry 52392, Portfolio Management; 

 Organizing and conducting fundraising campaigns on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 

56149, Other Business Support Services; 

 Providing telemarketing services for others--are classified in Industry 56142, Telephone Call Centers; 

 Raising funds for political purposes--are classified in Industry 81394, Political Organizations; 

 Advocating social causes or issues--are classified in Industry 81331, Social Advocacy Organizations; and 

 Conducting health research--are classified in Industry 54171, Research and Development in the Physical, 

Engineering, and Life Sciences. 

813211 Grantmaking Foundations 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as grantmaking foundations or charitable trusts. 

Establishments in this industry award grants from trust funds based on a competitive selection process or the 

preferences of the foundation managers and grantors; or fund a single entity, such as a museum or university. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Community foundations 

Philanthropic trusts 

Corporate foundations, awarding grants 

Scholarship trusts 

Grantmaking foundations 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing trust management services for others are classified in Industry 

523920, Portfolio Management. 

813212 Voluntary Health Organizations 
 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising funds for health related research, such as 

disease (e.g., heart, cancer, diabetes) prevention, health education, and patient services. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Disease awareness fundraising organizations 

Health research fundraising organizations 

Disease research (e.g., heart, cancer) fundraising organizations 

Voluntary health organizations 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in raising funds for a wide range of social welfare activities, such as 

educational, scientific, cultural, or health, are classified in U.S. Industry 813219, Other Grantmaking and 

Giving Services; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing and conducting fundraising campaigns on a contract or fee 

basis are classified in U.S. Industry 561499, All Other Business Support Services; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing telemarketing services for others are classified in U.S. 

Industry 561422, Telemarketing Bureaus and Other Contact Centers; 

 Establishments known as grantmaking foundations or charitable trusts are classified in U.S. Industry 

813211, Grantmaking Foundations; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in conducting biotechnology research and development in health 

sciences are classified in U.S. Industry 541711, Research and Development in Biotechnology; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in conducting health research (except biotechnology research and 

development) are classified in U.S. Industry 541712, Research and Development in the Physical, 

Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology). 

813219 Other Grantmaking and Giving Services 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except voluntary health organizations) primarily engaged in raising 

funds for a wide range of social welfare activities, such as educational, scientific, cultural, and health. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Community chests 

United fund councils 

Federated charities 

United funds for colleges 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in raising funds for health related research are classified in U.S. Industry 

813212, Voluntary Health Organizations; 

 Establishments known as grantmaking foundations or charitable trusts are classified in U.S. Industry 

813211, Grantmaking Foundations; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in organizing and conducting fundraising campaigns on a contract or fee 

basis are classified in U.S. Industry 561499, All Other Business Support Services; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing telemarketing services for others are classified in U.S. 

Industry 561422, Telemarketing Bureaus and Other Contact Centers; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in raising funds for political purposes are classified in Industry 813940, 

Political Organizations; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in advocating social causes or issues are classified in Industry 81331, 

Social Advocacy Organizations. 

8133 Social Advocacy Organizations 
81331 Social Advocacy Organizations 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in promoting a particular cause or working for the 

realization of a specific social or political goal to benefit a broad or specific constituency. These organizations may 

solicit contributions and offer memberships to support these goals. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Community action advocacy organizations 

Firearms advocacy organizations 

Conservation advocacy organizations 

Human rights advocacy organizations 

Environmental advocacy organizations 

Wildlife preservation organizations 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Promoting the civic and social interests of their members--are classified in Industry 81341, Civic and 

Social Organizations; 

 Promoting the interests of organized labor and union employees--are classified in Industry 81393, Labor 

Unions and Similar Labor Organizations; and 

 Providing legal services for social advocacy organizations--are classified in Industry Group 5411, Legal 

Services. 

813311 Human Rights Organizations 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in promoting causes associated with human rights 

either for a broad or specific constituency. Establishments in this industry address issues, such as protecting and 

promoting the broad constitutional rights and civil liberties of individuals and those suffering from neglect, abuse, or 

exploitation; promoting the interests of specific groups, such as children, women, senior citizens, or persons with 

disabilities; improving relations between racial, ethnic, and cultural groups; and promoting voter education and 

registration. These organizations may solicit contributions and offer memberships to support these causes. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Civil liberties organizations 

Senior citizens' advocacy organizations 

Human rights advocacy organizations 

Veterans' rights organizations 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Promoting the interests of organized labor and union employees--are classified in Industry 813930, Labor 

Unions and Similar Labor Organizations; and 

 Providing legal services for human rights organizations--are classified in Industry Group 5411, Legal 

Services. 

813312 Environment, Conservation and Wildlife Organizations 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in promoting the preservation and protection of the 

environment and wildlife. Establishments in this industry address issues, such as clean air and water; global 

warming; conserving and developing natural resources, including land, plant, water, and energy resources; and 

protecting and preserving wildlife and endangered species. These organizations may solicit contributions and offer 

memberships to support these causes. 

Illustrative Examples: 
Animal rights organizations 

Natural resource preservation organizations 

Conservation advocacy organizations 

Wildlife preservation organizations 

Humane societies 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing legal services for environment, conservation, and wildlife 

organizations are classified in Industry Group 5411, Legal Services. 

813319 Other Social Advocacy Organizations 

 This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in social advocacy (except human rights and 

environmental protection, conservation, and wildlife preservation). Establishments in this industry address issues, 

such as peace and international understanding; community action (excluding civic organizations); or advancing 

social causes, such as firearms safety, drunk driving prevention, or drug abuse awareness. These organizations may 

solicit contributions and offer memberships to support these causes. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Community action advocacy organizations 

Substance abuse prevention advocacy organizations 

Firearms advocacy organizations 

Taxpayers' advocacy organizations 

Peace advocacy organizations 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Advocating human rights issues--are classified in U.S. Industry 813311, Human Rights Organizations; 

 Promoting the preservation and protection of the environment and wildlife--are classified in U.S. Industry 

813312, Environment, Conservation and Wildlife Organizations; 

 Promoting the civic and social interests of their members--are classified in Industry 813410, Civic and 

Social Organizations; 

 Providing legal services for social advocacy organizations--are classified in Industry Group 5411, Legal 

Services; and 

 Providing community action services, such as community action services agencies--are classified in 

Industry 624190, Other Individual and Family Services. 

8134 Civic and Social Organizations 

81341 Civic and Social Organizations 

See industry description for 813410 below. 

813410 Civic and Social Organizations 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in promoting the civic and social interests of their 

members. Establishments in this industry may operate bars and restaurants for their members. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Alumni associations 

Granges 

Automobile clubs (except travel) 

Parent-teacher associations 
Booster clubs 

Scouting organizations 

Ethnic associations 

Social clubs 

Fraternal lodges 

Veterans' membership organizations 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments of insurance offices operated by fraternal benefit organizations are classified in Subsector 

524, Insurance Carriers and Related Activities; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating residential fraternity and sorority houses are classified in 

Industry 721310, Rooming and Boarding Houses; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing travel arrangements and reservation services, such as 

automobile travel clubs or motor travel clubs are classified in U.S. Industry 561599, All Other Travel 

Arrangement and Reservation Services. 

8139 Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations 

 This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in promoting the interests of their members 

(except religious organizations, social advocacy organizations, and civic and social organizations). Examples of 

establishments in this industry are business associations, professional organizations, labor unions, and political 

organizations. 

81391 Business Associations 

See industry description for 813910 below. 

813910 Business Associations 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in promoting the business interests of their members. 

These establishments may conduct research on new products and services; develop market statistics; sponsor quality 

and certification standards; lobby public officials; or publish newsletters, books, or periodicals for distribution to 

their members. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Agricultural organizations (except youth farming organizations, farm granges) 

Real estate boards 

Chambers of commerce 

Trade associations 

Manufacturers' associations 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments owned by their members but organized to perform a specific business function, such as 

common marketing of crops, joint advertising, or buying cooperatives, are classified according to their 

primary activity; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in promoting the professional interests of their members and the 

profession as a whole are classified in Industry 813920, Professional Organizations; 

 Establishments primarily engaged in promoting the interests of organized labor and union employees, such 

as trade unions, are classified in Industry 813930, Labor Unions and Similar Labor Organizations; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in lobbying public officials (i.e., lobbyists) are classified in Industry 

541820, Public Relations Agencies. 

81392 Professional Organizations 

See industry description for 813920 below. 
813920 Professional Organizations 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in promoting the professional interests of their members 

and the profession as a whole. These establishments may conduct research; develop statistics; sponsor quality and 

certification standards; lobby public officials; or publish newsletters, books, or periodicals, for distribution to their 

members. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Bar associations 

Learned societies 

Dentists' associations 

Peer review boards 

Engineers' associations 

Professional standards review boards 

Health professionals' associations 

Scientists' associations 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Promoting the business interests of their members--are classified in Industry 813910, Business 

Associations; and 

 Lobbying public officials (i.e., lobbyists)--are classified in Industry 541820, Public Relations Agencies. 

81393 Labor Unions and Similar Labor Organizations 

See industry description for 813930 below. 

813930 Labor Unions and Similar Labor Organizations 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in promoting the interests of organized labor and union 

employees. 

81394 Political Organizations 

See industry description for 813940 below. 

813940 Political Organizations 

 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in promoting the interests of national, state, or local 

political parties or candidates. Included are political groups organized to raise funds for a political party or 

individual candidates. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Campaign organizations, political 

Political organizations or clubs 

Political action committees (PACs) 

Political parties 

Political campaign organizations 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Organizing and conducting fundraising campaigns on a contract or fee basis--are classified in U.S. Industry 

561499, All Other Business Support Services; and 

 Providing telemarketing services for others--are classified in U.S. Industry 561422, Telemarketing Bureaus 

and Other Contact Centers. 
81399 Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations) 

See industry description for 813990 below. 

813990 Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations) 

 This industry comprises establishments (except religious organizations, social advocacy organizations, civic and 

social organizations, business associations, professional organizations, labor unions, and political organizations) 

primarily engaged in promoting the interests of their members. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Athletic associations, regulatory or administrative 

Property owners' associations 

Condominium and homeowners' associations 

Tenant associations (except advocacy) 

Cooperative owners' associations 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating religious organizations, such as churches, religious temples, and monasteries--are classified in 

Industry 813110, Religious Organizations; 

 Raising funds for a wide range of social welfare activities and establishments known as grantmaking 

foundations or charitable trusts--are classified in Industry 81321, Grantmaking and Giving Services; 

 Advocating social causes or issues--are classified in Industry 81331, Social Advocacy Organizations; 

 Promoting the civic and social interests of their members--are classified in Industry 813410, Civic and 

Social Organizations; 

 Promoting the business interests of their members--are classified in Industry 813910, Business 

Associations; 

 Promoting the professional interests of their members and the profession as a whole--are classified in 

Industry 813920, Professional Organizations; 

 Promoting the interests of organized labor and union employees--are classified in Industry 813930, Labor 

Unions and Similar Labor Organizations; 

 Promoting the interests of national, state, or local political parties or candidates--are classified in Industry 

813940, Political Organizations; and 

 Providing recreational and amusement services, such as recreational or youth sports league teams--are 

classified in Industry 713990, All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries. 

814 Private HouseholdsT

 Industries in the Private Households subsector include private households that engage in employing workers on or 

about the premises in activities primarily concerned with the operation of the household. These private households 

may employ individuals, such as cooks, maids, butlers, and outside workers, such as gardeners, caretakers, and other 

maintenance workers. 

8141 Private HouseholdsT

81411 Private HouseholdsT

See industry description for 814110 below. 

814110 Private Households 

 This industry comprises private households primarily engaged in employing workers on or about the premises in 

activities primarily concerned with the operation of the household. These private households may employ 

individuals, such as cooks, maids, nannies, butlers, and outside workers, such as gardeners, caretakers, and other 

maintenance workers. 
 
Sector 92--Public AdministrationT 

The Sector as a Whole 

 The Public Administration sector consists of establishments of federal, state, and local government agencies that 

administer, oversee, and manage public programs and have executive, legislative, or judicial authority over other 

institutions within a given area. These agencies also set policy, create laws, adjudicate civil and criminal legal 

cases, provide for public safety and for national defense. In general, government establishments in the Public 

Administration sector oversee governmental programs and activities that are not performed by private 

establishments. Establishments in this sector typically are engaged in the organization and financing of the 

production of public goods and services, most of which are provided for free or at prices that are not economically 

significant. 

 Government establishments also engage in a wide range of productive activities covering not only public goods 

and services but also individual goods and services similar to those produced in sectors typically identified with 

private-sector establishments. In general, ownership is not a criterion for classification in NAICS. Therefore, 

government establishments engaged in the production of private-sector-like goods and services should be classified 

in the same industry as private-sector establishments engaged in similar activities. 

 As a practical matter, it is difficult to identify separate establishment detail for many government agencies. To the 

extent that separate establishment records are available, the administration of governmental programs is classified in 

Sector 92, Public Administration, while the operation of that same governmental program is classified elsewhere in 

NAICS based on the activities performed. For example, the governmental administrative authority for an airport is 

classified in Industry 92612, Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs, while operating the airport 

is classified in Industry 48811, Airport Operations. When separate records for multi-establishment companies are 

not available to distinguish between the administration of a governmental program and the operation of it, the 

establishment is classified in Sector 92, Public Administration. 

 Examples of government-provided goods and services that are classified in sectors other than Public 

Administration include: schools, classified in Sector 61, Educational Services; hospitals, classified in Subsector 622, 

Hospitals; establishments operating transportation facilities, classified in Sector 48-49, Transportation and 

Warehousing; the operation of utilities, classified in Sector 22, Utilities; and the Government Printing Office, 

classified in Subsector 323, Printing and Related Support Activities. 

921 Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support 

 The Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support subsector groups offices of government 

executives, legislative bodies, public finance and general government support. 

9211 Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support 

92111 Executive Offices 

See industry description for 921110 below. 

921110 Executive Offices 

 This industry comprises government establishments serving as offices of chief executives and their advisory 

committees and commissions. This industry includes offices of the president, governors, and mayors, in addition to 

executive advisory commissions. 

92112 Legislative Bodies 

See industry description for 921120 below. 

921120 Legislative Bodies 

 This industry comprises government establishments serving as legislative bodies and their advisory committees 

and commissions. Included in this industry are legislative bodies, such as Congress, state legislatures, and advisory 

and study legislative commissions. 
92113 Public Finance Activities 

See industry description for 921130 below. 

921130 Public Finance Activities 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in public finance, taxation and monetary 

policy. Included are financial administration activities, such as monetary policy; tax administration and collection; 

custody and disbursement of funds; debt and investment administration; auditing activities; and government 

employee retirement trust fund administration. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Administering income maintenance programs--are classified in Industry 923130, Administration of Human 

Resource Programs (except Education, Public Health, and Veterans' Affairs Programs); 

 Regulating insurance and banking institutions--are classified in Industry 926150, Regulation, Licensing, 

and Inspection of Miscellaneous Commercial Sectors; and 

 Performing central banking functions, such as issuing currency and acting as the fiscal agent for the central 

government--are classified in Industry 521110, Monetary Authorities-Central Bank. 

92114 Executive and Legislative Offices, Combined 

See industry description for 921140 below. 

921140 Executive and Legislative Offices, Combined 

 This industry comprises government establishments serving as councils and boards of commissioners or 

supervisors and such bodies where the chief executive (e.g., county executive or city mayor) is a member of the 

legislative body (e.g., county or city council) itself. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Serving as offices of chief executives--are classified in Industry 921110, Executive Offices; and 

 Serving as legislative bodies--are classified in Industry 921120, Legislative Bodies. 

92115 American Indian and Alaska Native Tribal Governments 

See industry description for 921150 below. 

921150 American Indian and Alaska Native Tribal Governments 

 This industry comprises American Indian and Alaska Native governing bodies. Establishments in this industry 

perform legislative, judicial, and administrative functions for their American Indian and Alaska Native lands. 

Included in this industry are American Indian and Alaska Native councils, courts, and law enforcement bodies. 

Cross-References. 

 Establishments primarily engaged in providing funding for American Indian and Alaska Native tribal 

programs through commercial activities, such as gaming, are classified in the industry of the commercial 

activity; and 

 Government establishments providing public administration of American Indian and Alaska Native affairs 

are classified in Industry 921190, Other General Government Support. 

92119 Other General Government Support 

See industry description for 921190 below. 

921190 Other General Government Support 
 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in providing general support for 

government. Such support services include personnel services, election boards, and other general government 

support establishments that are not classified elsewhere in public administration. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Civil rights commissions 

Personnel offices, government 

Civil service commissions 

Supply agencies, government 

General services departments, government 

Cross-References. 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in serving as offices of chief executives and their advisory 

committees and commissions are classified in Industry 921110, Executive Offices; 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in serving as legislative bodies and their advisory 

committees and commissions are classified in Industry 921120, Legislative Bodies; 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in providing administration of public finance, tax collection, 

and monetary policy programs are classified in Industry 921130, Public Finance Activities; 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in serving as combined executive and legislative offices are 

classified in Industry 921140, Executive and Legislative Offices, Combined; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in serving as American Indian or Alaska Native tribal leadership are 

classified in Industry 921150, American Indian and Alaska Native Tribal Governments. 

922 Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities 

 The Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities subsector groups government establishments engaged in the 

administration of justice, public order, and safety programs. 

9221 Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities 

92211 Courts 

See industry description for 922110 below. 

922110 Courts 

 This industry comprises civilian courts of law (except Indian tribal and Alaska Native courts). Included in this 

industry are civilian courts, courts of law, and sheriffs' offices conducting court functions only. 

Cross-References. 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in operating military courts are classified in Industry 

928110, National Security; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in operating Indian tribal or Alaska Native courts are classified in 

Industry 921150, American Indian and Alaska Native Tribal Governments. 

92212 Police Protection 

See industry description for 922120 below. 

922120 Police Protection 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in criminal and civil law enforcement, 

police, traffic safety, and other activities related to the enforcement of the law and preservation of order. Combined 

police and fire departments are included in this industry. 
Cross-References. 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in prosecution are classified in Industry 922130, Legal 

Counsel and Prosecution; 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in collection of law enforcement statistics are classified in 

Industry 922190, Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in providing police service for the military or National 

Guard are classified in Industry 928110, National Security; 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in providing police service for tribal governments are 

classified in Industry 921150, American Indian and Alaska Native Tribal Governments; 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in enforcing immigration laws are classified in Industry 

928120, International Affairs; 

 Sheriffs' offices conducting court functions only are classified in Industry 922110, Courts; and 

 Private establishments primarily engaged in providing security and investigation services are classified in 

Industry 56161, Investigation, Guard, and Armored Car Services. 

92213 Legal Counsel and Prosecution 

See industry description for 922130 below. 

922130 Legal Counsel and Prosecution 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in providing legal counsel or prosecution 

services for the government. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Attorney generals' offices 

Public defenders' offices 

District attorneys' offices 

Public prosecutors' offices 

Cross-References. 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in collecting criminal justice statistics are classified in Industry 

922190, Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities. 

92214 Correctional Institutions 

See industry description for 922140 below. 

922140 Correctional Institutions 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in managing and operating correctional 

institutions. The facility is generally designed for the confinement, correction, and rehabilitation of adult and/or 

juvenile offenders sentenced by a court. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Correctional institutions, public administration 

Penitentiaries, public administration 

Detention centers, public administration 

Prisons, public administration 

Jails, public administration 

Cross-References. 
 Government establishments primarily engaged in operating half-way houses for ex-criminal offenders and 

delinquent youths are classified in Industry 623990, Other Residential Care Facilities; and 

 Establishments primarily engaged in managing or operating correctional facilities owned by others are 

classified in Industry 561210, Facilities Support Services. 

92215 Parole Offices and Probation Offices 

See industry description for 922150 below. 

922150 Parole Offices and Probation Offices 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in judicially administering probation 

offices, parole offices and boards, and pardon boards. 

Cross-References. 

 Private establishments primarily engaged in providing parole or probation services are classified in Industry 

624190, Other Individual and Family Services; and 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in providing probation, parole, and pardon activities as an 

integral part of a central administrative corrections' office are classified in Industry 922140, Correctional 

Institutions. 

92216 Fire Protection 

See industry description for 922160 below. 

922160 Fire Protection 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in fire fighting and other related fire 

protection activities. Government establishments providing combined fire protection and ambulance or rescue 

services are classified in this industry. 

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Forest fire fighting--are classified in Industry 115310, Support Activities for Forestry; 

 Providing combined police and fire protection services--are classified in Industry 922120, Police 

Protection; 

 Providing fire fighting services as a commercial activity--are classified in Industry 561990, All Other 

Support Services; and 

 Providing ambulance services without fire protection service--are classified in Industry 621910, 

Ambulance Services. 

92219 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities 

See industry description for 922190 below. 

922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in public order and safety (except courts, 

police protection, legal counsel and prosecution, correctional institutions, parole offices, probation offices, pardon 

boards, and fire protection). These establishments include the general administration of public order and safety 

programs. Government establishments responsible for the collection of statistics on public safety are included in 

this industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Consumer product safety commissions, public administration 

Emergency planning and management offices, government 

Disaster preparedness and management offices, government 
Public safety bureaus and statistics centers, government 

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Serving as civilian courts of law (except Indian tribal and Alaska Native)--are classified in Industry 

922110, Courts; 

 Criminal and civil law enforcement, police, traffic safety and similar activities related to the enforcement of 

law--are classified in Industry 922120, Police Protection; 

 Providing legal counsel to or prosecution services for their governments--are classified in Industry 922130, 

Legal Counsel and Prosecution; 

 The confinement, correction, and rehabilitation of adult and juvenile offenders sentenced by a court--are 

classified in Industry 922140, Correctional Institutions; 

 Judicially administering probation offices, parole offices and boards, and pardon boards--are classified in 

Industry 922150, Parole Offices and Probation Offices; and 

 Fire fighting and other related fire protection activities--are classified in Industry 922160, Fire Protection. 

923 Administration of Human Resource Programs 

 The Administration of Human Resource Programs subsector groups government establishments primarily engaged 

in the administration of human resource programs. 

9231 Administration of Human Resource Programs 

92311 Administration of Education Programs 

See industry description for 923110 below. 

923110 Administration of Education Programs 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the central coordination, planning, 

supervision and administration of funds, policies, intergovernmental activities, statistical reports and data collection, 

and centralized programs for educational administration. Government scholarship programs are included in this 

industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Education offices, nonoperating, public administration 

State education departments 

Education statistics centers, government 

University regents or boards, government 

Cross-References. 

 Schools and local school boards are classified in Subsector 611, Educational Services. 

92312 Administration of Public Health Programs 

See industry description for 923120 below. 

923120 Administration of Public Health Programs 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the planning, administration, and 

coordination of public health programs and services, including environmental health activities, mental health, 

categorical health programs, health statistics, and immunization services. Government establishments primarily 

engaged in conducting public health-related inspections are included in this industry. 

Illustrative Examples: 
Communicable disease program administration, public administration 

Mental health program administration, public administration 

Coroners' offices, public administration 

Public health program administration, nonoperating, public administration 

Health program administration, public administration 

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating hospitals (i.e., government or military)--are classified in Subsector 622, Hospitals; 

 Providing health care in a clinical setting (i.e., military or government clinics)--are classified in Subsector 

621, Ambulatory Health Care Services; and 

 Inspecting food, plants, animals, and other agriculture products--are classified in Industry 926140, 

Regulation of Agricultural Marketing and Commodities. 

92313 Administration of Human Resource Programs (except Education, Public Health, and Veterans' 

Affairs Programs) 

See industry description for 923130 below. 

923130 Administration of Human Resource Programs (except Education, Public Health, and Veterans' 

Affairs Programs) 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the planning, administration, and 

coordination of programs for public assistance, social work, and welfare activities. The administration of Social 

Security, disability insurance, Medicare, unemployment insurance, and workers' compensation programs are 

included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Administering veterans' programs--are classified in Industry 923140, Administration of Veterans' Affairs; 

 Operating state employment job service offices--are classified in U.S. Industry 561311, Employment 

Placement Agencies; and 

 Operating programs for public assistance, social work, and welfare--are classified in Subsector 624, Social 

Assistance. 

92314 Administration of Veterans' Affairs 

See industry description for 923140 below. 

923140 Administration of Veterans' Affairs 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration of programs of 

assistance, training, counseling, and other services to veterans and their dependents, heirs or survivors. Included in 

this industry are Veterans' Affairs offices that maintain liaison and coordinate activities with other service 

organizations and governmental agencies. 

Cross-References. 

 Government establishments operating veterans' hospitals are classified in Subsector 622, Hospitals; 

 Establishments providing veterans' insurance are classified in Subsector 524, Insurance Carriers and 

Related Activities; and 

 Establishments operating civic and social organizations for veterans are classified in Industry 813410, 

Civic and Social Organizations. 

924 Administration of Environmental Quality Programs 

 The Administration of Environmental Quality Programs subsector groups government establishments primarily 

engaged in the administration of environmental quality. 
9241 Administration of Environmental Quality Programs 

92411 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs 

See industry description for 924110 below. 

924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) the 

administration, regulation, and enforcement of air and water resource programs; (2) the administration and 

regulation of solid waste management programs; (3) the administration and regulation of water and air pollution 

control and prevention programs; (4) the administration and regulation of flood control programs; (5) the 

administration and regulation of drainage development and water resource consumption programs; (6) the 

administration and regulation of toxic waste removal and cleanup programs; and (7) coordination of these activities 

at intergovernmental levels. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Environmental protection program administration, public administration 

Waste management program (except sanitation districts) administration, public administration 

Pollution control program administration, public administration 

Water control and quality program administration, public administration 

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating water and irrigation systems--are classified in Industry 221310, Water Supply and Irrigation 

Systems; 

 Administering sanitation districts--are classified in Industry 926130, Regulation and Administration of 

Communications, Electric, Gas, and Other Utilities; 

 Operating sewage treatment facilities--are classified in Industry 221320, Sewage Treatment Facilities; and 

 Providing waste collection, treatment, disposal, and/or remediation--are classified in Subsector 562, Waste 

Management and Remediation Services. 

92412 Administration of Conservation Programs 

See industry description for 924120 below. 

924120 Administration of Conservation Programs 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration, regulation, 

supervision and control of land use, including recreational areas; conservation and preservation of natural resources; 

erosion control; geological survey program administration; weather forecasting program administration; and the 

administration and protection of publicly and privately owned forest lands. Government establishments responsible 

for planning, management, regulation and conservation of game, fish, and wildlife populations, including wildlife 

management areas and field stations; and other administrative matters relating to the protection of fish, game, and 

wildlife are included in this industry. 

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating parks--are classified in Industry 712190, Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions; 

 Operating forest property--are classified in Subsector 113, Forestry and Logging; 

 Geophysical surveying and/or mapping--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and 

Mapping Services; 

 Surveying and/or mapping (except geophysical)--are classified in Industry 541370, Surveying and Mapping 

(except Geophysical) Services; 

 Weather forecasting--are classified in Industry 541990, All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical 

Services; 
 Operating fish and game preserves--are classified in Industry 712130, Zoos and Botanical Gardens; and 

 Serving as urban planning commissions--are classified in Industry 925120, Administration of Urban 

Planning and Community and Rural Development. 

925 Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development 

 The Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development subsector groups 

government establishments primarily engaged in the administration of housing, urban planning, and community 

development. 

9251 Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development 

92511 Administration of Housing Programs 

See industry description for 925110 below. 

925110 Administration of Housing Programs 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration and planning of 

housing programs. 

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating government rental housing--are classified in Subsector 531, Real Estate; 

 Conducting building inspections and enforcing building codes and standards--are classified in Industry 

926150, Regulation, Licensing, and Inspection of Miscellaneous Commercial Sectors; and 

 Buying, pooling, and repackaging mortgages or home loans for sale to others on the secondary market--are 

classified in U.S. Industry 522294, Secondary Market Financing. 

92512 Administration of Urban Planning and Community and Rural Development 

See industry description for 925120 below. 

925120 Administration of Urban Planning and Community and Rural Development 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration and planning of the 

development of urban and rural areas. Included in this industry are government zoning boards and commissions. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Land redevelopment agencies, government 

Urban planning commissions, government 

Regional planning and development program administration, public administration 

Zoning boards and commissions, public administration 

926 Administration of Economic Programs 

 This subsector comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration of economic 

programs. 

9261 Administration of Economic Programs 

92611 Administration of General Economic Programs 

See industry description for 926110 below. 

926110 Administration of General Economic Programs 
 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration, promotion and 

development of economic resources, including business, industry, and tourism. Included in this industry are 

government establishments responsible for the development of general statistical data and analyses and promotion of 

the general economic well-being of the governed area. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Consumer protection offices, public administration 

Small business development agencies, public administration 

Economic development agencies, government 

Trade commissions, government 

General economics statistical agencies, public administration 

92612 Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs 

See industry description for 926120 below. 

926120 Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration, regulation, licensing, 

planning, inspection, and investigation of transportation services and facilities. Included in this industry are 

government establishments responsible for motor vehicle and operator licensing, the Coast Guard (except the Coast 

Guard Academy), and parking authorities. 

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating airports, railroads, depots, ports, toll roads and bridges, and other transportation facilities--are 

classified in Sector 48-49, Transportation and Warehousing; 

 Operating parking lots and parking garages--are classified in Industry 812930, Parking Lots and Garages; 

 Operating automobile safety inspection and emission testing facilities--are classified in Industry Group 

8111, Automotive Repair and Maintenance; 

 Building and/or maintaining roads and highways--are classified in Industry 237310, Highway, Street, and 

Bridge Construction; 

 Providing air traffic control services--are classified in U.S. Industry 488111, Air Traffic Control; and 

 Operating weigh stations--are classified in Industry 488490, Other Support Activities for Road 

Transportation. 

92613 Regulation and Administration of Communications, Electric, Gas, and Other Utilities 

See industry description for 926130 below. 

926130 Regulation and Administration of Communications, Electric, Gas, and Other Utilities 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration, regulation, licensing 

and inspection of utilities, such as communications, electric power (including fossil, nuclear, solar, water, and wind), 

gas and water supply, and sewerage. 

Cross-References. 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in operating utilities are classified in Subsector 221, Utilities. 

92614 Regulation of Agricultural Marketing and Commodities 

See industry description for 926140 below. 

926140 Regulation of Agricultural Marketing and Commodities 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the planning, administration, and 

coordination of agricultural programs for production, marketing, and utilization, including educational and 
promotional activities. Included in this industry are government establishments responsible for regulating and 

controlling the grading and inspection of food, plants, animals, and other agricultural products. 

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Administering programs for developing economic data about agricultural and trade in agricultural products-

-are classified in Industry 926110, Administration of General Economic Programs; 

 Administering programs for the conservation of natural resources--are classified in Industry Group 9241, 

Administration of Environmental Quality Programs; and 

 Administering food stamp programs--are classified in Industry 923130, Administration of Human Resource 

Programs (except Education, Public Health, and Veterans' Affairs Programs). 

92615 Regulation, Licensing, and Inspection of Miscellaneous Commercial Sectors 

See industry description for 926150 below. 

926150 Regulation, Licensing, and Inspection of Miscellaneous Commercial Sectors 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the regulation, licensing, and inspection 

of commercial sectors, such as retail trade, professional occupations, manufacturing, mining, construction, and 

services. Included in this industry are government establishments maintaining physical standards, regulating 

hazardous conditions not elsewhere classified, and enforcing alcoholic beverage control regulations. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Alcoholic beverage control boards, public administration 

Labor management negotiations boards, government 

Banking regulatory agencies, public administration 

Licensing and permit issuance for business operations, government 

Building inspections, government 

Licensing and permit issuance for professional occupations, government 

Insurance commissions, government 

Securities regulation commissions, public administration 

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Regulating, administering, and inspecting transportation services and facilities--are classified in Industry 

926120, Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs; and 

 Regulating, administering, and inspecting communications, electric, gas, and other utilities--are classified 

in Industry 926130, Regulation and Administration of Communications, Electric, Gas, and Other Utilities. 

927 Space Research and Technology 

 This subsector comprises government establishments that conduct space research. 

9271 Space Research and Technology 

92711 Space Research and Technology 

See industry description for 927110 below. 

927110 Space Research and Technology 

 This industry comprises government establishments primarily engaged in the administration and operations of 

space flights, space research, and space exploration. Included in this industry are government establishments 

operating space flight centers. 

Cross-References. 
 Private establishments primarily engaged in providing space freight transportation are classified in U.S. 

Industry 481212, Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportation; 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing aerospace vehicles and parts are classified 

in Industry 33641, Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing; and 

 Government establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing space satellites are classified in Industry 

334220, Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing. 

928 National Security and International Affairs 

 This subsector comprises government establishments primarily engaged in national security and international 

affairs. 

9281 National Security and International Affairs 

92811 National Security 

See industry description for 928110 below. 

928110 National Security 

 This industry comprises government establishments of the Armed Forces, including the National Guard, primarily 

engaged in national security and related activities. 

Illustrative Examples: 

Air Force 

Military police 

Army 

Military training schools (except military service academies) 

Marine Corps 

National Guard 

Military courts 

Navy 

Cross-References. Government establishments primarily engaged in-- 

 Operating military service academies--are classified in Industry 611310, Colleges, Universities, and 

Professional Schools; and 

 Regulating and administering water transportation, such as the U.S. Coast Guard and the Merchant Marine-

-are classified in Industry 926120, Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs. 

92812 International Affairs 

See industry description for 928120 below. 

928120 International Affairs 

 This industry comprises establishments of U.S. and foreign governments primarily engaged in international affairs 

and programs relating to other nations and peoples. 

Cross-References. 

 Private sector trade associations and councils are classified in Industry 813910, Business Associations; and 

 Government establishments administering international trade, such as trade commissions and councils are 

classified in Industry 926110, Administration of General Economic Programs.