North Dakota Regional Haze 

EPA-R08-OAR-2010-0406 

WRAP Technical Support System 

Information Related to Nitrate Impacts at 

Theodore Roosevelt National Park and 

Lostwood Wilderness Area 
1

WEIGHTED EMISSIONS POTENTIAL ANALYSIS 

Introduction 

The Weighted Emissions Potential analysis (WEP) was developed as a screening tool for states 

to decide which source regions have the potential to contribute to haze formation at specific 

Class I areas, based on both the 2002 and 2018 emissions inventories. This method does not 

produce highly accurate results because, unlike the air quality model and associated PSAT 

analysis, it does not account for chemistry and removal processes. Instead, it relies on an 

integration of gridded emissions data, back trajectory residence time data, a one-over-distance 

factor to approximate deposition, and a normalization of the final results. Residence time over 

an area is indicative of general flow patterns, but does not necessarily imply the area contributed 

significantly to haze at a given receptor. Therefore, users are cautioned to view the WEP as one 

piece of a larger, more comprehensive weight of evidence analysis. 

Emissions Data Inputs 

The emissions data used were the annual, 36km grid SMOKE-processed, model-ready emissions 

inventories provided by the WRAP Regional Modeling Center (RMC). The analysis was 

performed for nine (9) pollutants (maps were generated for all but the last three): 

• Sulfur oxides 

• Nitrogen oxides 

• Organic carbon 

• Elemental carbon 

• Fine particulate matter 

• Coarse particulate matter 

• Ammonia 

• Volatile organic carbon 

• Carbon monoxide. 

The following source categories for each pollutant were identified and preserved through the 

analysis: 

• Biogenic 

• Natural fire 

• Point 

• Area 

• WRAP oil and gas 

• Off-shore 

• On-road mobile 

• Off-road mobile 

• Road dust 

• Fugitive dust 

• Windblown dust 

• Anthropogenic fires 
2

Residence Time Inputs 

The back trajectory residence times were provided by the WRAP Causes of Haze Assessment 

(COHA). The COHA project used NOAA’s HYSPLIT model to generate eight (8) back 

trajectories daily for each WRAP Class I area for the entire five-year baseline period (2000-04). 

The major model parameters selected for this analysis are presented in Table 1. From these 

individual trajectories, residence time fields were generated for one-degree latitude by onedegree longitude grid cells. Residence time analysis computes the amount of time (e.g., number 

of hours) or percent of time an air parcel is in a horizontal grid cell. Plotted on a map, residence 

time is shown as percent of total hours in each grid cell across the domain, thus allowing an 

interpretation of general air flow patterns for a given Class I area. The residence time fields for 

the 20% worst and best IMPROVE-monitored extinction days were selected for the WEP 

analysis to highlight the potential emissions sources during those specific periods. 

Table 1 

Back Trajectory Model Parameters Selected for WEP Analysis 

Model Parameter Value 

Trajectory duration 192 hours (8 days) backward in time 

Top of model domain 14,000 meters 

Vertical motion option used model data 

Receptor height 500 meters 

Meteorological Field EDAS and FNL (location dependent) 

Integration of Emissions and Residence Time Data 

The WEP analysis consisted of weighting the annual gridded emissions (by pollutant and source 

category) by the worst and best extinction days residence times for the five-year baseline period. 

To account for deposition along the trajectories, the result was further weighted by a one-overdistance factor, measured as the distance in km between the centroid of each emissions grid cell 

and the centroid of the grid cell containing the Class I area monitoring site under investigation. 

(The “home” grid cell of the monitoring site was weighted by one fourth of the 36km grid cell 

distance, or one-over-9km, to avoid a large response in that grid cell.) The resulting weighted 

emissions field was normalized by the highest grid cell to ease interpretation. 

An example series of maps illustrating the WEP analysis is presented in Figure 1. This example 

shows the annual emissions for NOx across the domain, the specific residence time pattern for 

the 20% worst monitored days at a Class I area, and the resulting weighted emissions map. Both 

the 2002 and 2018 cases are presented. Interpretation of the results should focus on which grid 

cells (or larger regions) have significant potential to affect the Class I area, and on changes 

between 2002 and 2018. 

An example of associated bar charts showing the estimated contribution by source category and 

region is presented in Figure 2. It is important to note that these charts show normalized values 

with no direct connection to original emissions values. Interpretation of the results should focus 
3

on the relative contributions by each source category and region, and the changes between 2002 

and 2018. 

Caveats 

The WEP is not a rigorous, stand-alone analysis, but a simple, straightforward use of existing 

data. As such, there are several caveats to keep in mind when using WEP results as part of a 

comprehensive weight of evidence analysis: 

• This analysis does not take into account any emissions chemistry. 

• While actual emissions may vary considerably throughout the year, this analysis pairs 

up annual emissions data with 20% worst/best extinction days residence times – this 

is likely most problematic for carbon and dust emissions, which can be highly 

episodic. 

• Coarse particle and some fine particle dust emissions tend not to be transported long 

distances due to their large mass. 

• The WEP results are unitless numbers, normalized to the largest-valued grid cell. 

Effective use of these results requires an understanding of actual emissions values and 

their relative contribution to haze at a given Class I area. 
4

2002 NOx Emissions (TPY) Residence Time Field, Worst 20% Monitored 

Days (2000-2005) 

2002 NOx Emiss

Time and 

2018 NOx Emissions (TPY) Residence Time Field, Worst 20% Monitored 

Days (2000-2005) 

2018 NOx Emiss

Time and 

Figure 1. Example series of maps for WEP analysis at Bridger Wilderness, WY. From left to right: single-year 

map; five-year residence time map; emissions weighted by residence time, by one-over-distance, and normalized to 

row presents 2002 results, bottom row presents 2018 results. 
5

Sources and Areas of Potential Nitrogen Oxide Emissions Influence

2000-2004 Baseline for Bridger Wilderness, WY

20% Worst Visibility Days

4.8

12.6

0.8

22.1

3.4 4.3

0.5 0.2

4.6

0.1

19.9

3.7

15.1

3.2

1.3 0.3 0.7

2.3

0

10

20

30

40

Arizona

California

Colorado

Idaho

Montana

Nevada

New Mexico

North Dakota

Oregon

South Dakota

Utah

Washington

Wyoming

Pacific Offshore

CENRAP

Eastern US

Mexico

Canada

Percent of Total Distance Weighted Emis x ResTime

Biogenic Natural Fire Point Area WRAP Area O&G Off-Shore 

On-Road Mobile Off-Road Mobile Road Dust Fugitive Dust WB Dust Anthro Fire 

Sources and Areas of Potential Nitrogen Oxide Emissions Influence

2018 Projections for Bridger Wilderness, WY

20% Worst Visibility Days

3.2

7.7

0.6

20.6

3.1 3.7

0.6 0.2

3.3

0.1

13.9

2.2

33.1

2.7

1.0 0.2 0.7

3.2

0

10

20

30

40

Arizona

California

Colorado

Idaho

Montana

Nevada

New Mexico

North Dakota

Oregon

South Dakota

Utah

Washington

Wyoming

Pacific Offshore

CENRAP

Eastern US

Mexico

Canada

Percent of Total Distance Weighted Emis x ResTime

Biogenic Natural Fire Point Area WRAP Area O&G Off-Shore 

On-Road Mobile Off-Road Mobile Road Dust Fugitive Dust WB Dust Anthro Fire 

Figure 2. Example source category bar charts based on WEP analysis at Bridger Wilderness, 

WY. Top chart presents 2002 results, bottom chart presents 2018 results. 
PM SOURCE APPORTIONMENT TECHNOLOGY (PSAT) 

Impairment of visibility in Class I areas is caused by a combination of local air pollutants and 

regional pollutants that are transported long distances. To develop effective visibility improvement strategies, the WRAP member states and tribes need to know the relative contributions of 

local and transported pollutants, and which emissions sources are significant contributors to 

visibility impairment at a given Class I area. 

A variety of modeling and data analysis methods can be used to perform source apportionment of 

the PM observed at a given receptor site. Model sensitivity simulations have been used in which 

a “base case” model simulation is performed and then a particular source is “zeroed out” of the 

emissions. The importance of that source is assessed by evaluating the change in pollutants at the 

receptor site, calculated as pollutant concentration in the sensitivity case minus that in the base 

case. This approach is known as a “brute force” sensitivity because a separate model run is 

required for each sensitivity test. 

An alternative approach is to implement a mass-tracking algorithm in the air quality model to 

explicitly track for a given emissions source the chemical transformations, transport, and removal 

of the PM that was formed from that source. Mass tracking methods have been implemented in 

both the CMAQ and CAMx air quality models. Initial work completed by the RMC during 2004 

used the CMAQ Tagged Species Source Apportionment (TSSA) method. Unfortunately, there 

were problems with mass conservation in the version of CMAQ used in that study, and these 

affected the TSSA results. A similar algorithm has been implemented in CAMx, the PM Source 

Apportionment Technology (PSAT). Comparisons of TSSA and PSAT showed that the results 

were qualitatively similar, that is, the relative ranking of the most significant source contributors 

were similar for the two methods. However, the total mass contributions differed. With separate 

funding from EPA, UCR has implemented a version of TSSA in the new CMAQ release (v4.5) 

that corrects the mass conservation error, but given the uncertainty of the availability of this 

update, the CAMx/PSAT source apportionment method was used for the WRAP modeling 

analysis. 

The main objective of applying CAMx/PSAT is to evaluate the regional haze air quality for 

conditions typical of the 2000-04 baseline period (Plan02c) and future-year 2018 (Base18b) 

conditions. These results are used 

• to assess the contributions of different geographic source regions (e.g., states) and source 

categories to current (2000-04) and future (2018) visibility impairment at Class I areas, to 

obtain improved understanding of (1) the causes of the impairment and (2) which states 

are included in the area of influence (AOI) of a given Class I area; 

• to determine which source categories contributing to the AOI for each Class I area are 

changing, and by how much, between the 2000-04 and 2018 base case, by varying only 

controllable anthropogenic emissions between the 2 PSAT simulations; and 

• to identify the source regions and emissions categories that, if controlled to lower 

emissions rates than the 2018 base case levels, would produce the greatest visibility 

improvements at a Class I area. 
CAMx/PSAT 

The PM Source Apportionment Technology performs source apportionment based on userdefined source groups. A source group is the combination of a geographic source region and an 

emissions source category. Examples of source regions include states, nonattainment areas, and 

counties. Examples of source categories include mobile sources, biogenic sources, and elevated 

point sources; PSAT can even focus on individual sources. The user defines a geographic source 

region map to specify the source regions of interest. He or she then inputs each source category 

as separate, gridded low-level emissions and/or elevated-point-source emissions. The model then 

determines each source group by overlaying the source categories on the source region map. For 

further information, please refer to the white paper on the features and capabilities of PSAT 

(http://pah.cert.ucr.edu/aqm/308/reports/PSAT_White_Paper_111405_final_draft1.pdf), with 

additional details available in the CAMx user’s guide (ENVIRON, 2005; http://www.camx.com). 

PM source apportionment modeling was performed for aerosol sulfate (SO4) and aerosol nitrate 

(NO3) and their related species (e.g., SO2, NO, NO2, HNO3, NH3, and NH4). The PSAT 

simulations include 9 tracers, 18 source regions, and 6 source groups. The computational cost for 

each of these species differs because additional tracers must be used to track chemical 

conversions of precursors to the secondary PM species SO4, NO3, NH4, and secondary organic 

aerosols (SOA). Table 1 summarizes the computer run time required for each species. The 

practical implication of this table for WRAP is that it is much more expensive to perform PSAT 

simulations for NO3 and especially for SOA than it is to perform simulations for other species. 

Table 1. Benchmarks for PSAT computational costs for each PM species. 

Run time is for one day (01/02/2002) on the WRAP 36-km domain. 

Species No. of Species 

Tracers 

RAM 

Memory 

Disk Storage 

per Day 

Run Time with

1 CPU 

SO4 2 1.6 GB 1.1 GB 4.7 h/day 

NO3 7 1.7 GB 2.6 GB 13.2 h/day 

SO4 and NO3

combined 

9 1.9 GB 3.3 GB 16.8 h/day 

SOA 14 6.8 GB Not tested Not tested 

Primary PM 

species 

6 1.5 GB 3.0 GB 10.8 h/day 

Two annual 36-km CAMx/PSAT model simulations were performed: one with the Plan02c 

typical-year baseline case and the other with the Base18b future-year case. It is expected that the 

states and tribes will use these results to assess the sources that contribute to visibility 

impairment at each Class I Area, and to guide the choice of emission control strategies. The 

RMC web site includes a full set of source apportionment spatial plots and receptor bar plots for 

both Plan02b and Base18b. These graphical displays of the PSAT results, as well as additional 

analyses of these results are available on the TSS under 

http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/tss/Tools/ResultsSA.aspx
CAMx/PSAT Configuration for 2002 and 2018 Modeling 

PSAT source apportionment simulations for 2000-04 baseline period and 2018 base case were 

performed using CAMx v4.30. Table 2 lists overall specifications for the PSAT simulations. The 

domain setup was identical to the standard WRAP CMAQ modeling domain. The CAMx/PSAT 

run-time options are shown in Table 3. The CAMx/PSAT computational cost for one simulation 

day with source tracking for sulfate (SO4) and nitrate (NO3) is approximately 14.5 CPU hours 

with an AMD Opteron CPU. The source regions used in the PSAT simulations are shown in 

Figure 1 and Table 4. The six emissions source groups are described in Table 5. The 

development of these emissions data are described in more detail below. 

The annual PSAT run was divided into four seasons for modeling. The initial conditions for the 

first season (January 1 to March 31, 2002) came from a CENRAP annual simulation. For the 

other three seasons, we allowed 15 model spin-up days prior to the beginning of each season. 

Based on the chosen set of source regions and groups, with nine tracers, and with a minimum 

requirement of 87,000 point sources and a horizontal domain of 148 by 112 grid cells with 19 

vertical layers, the run-time memory requirement is 1.9 GB. Total disk storage per day is 

approximately 3.3 GB. Although the RMC’s computation nodes are equipped with dual Opteron 

CPUs with 2 GB of RAM and 1 GB of swap space, the high run-time memory requirements 

prevented running PSAT simulations using the OpenMP shared memory multiprocessing 

capability implemented in CAMx. 

Table 2. WRAP 2002 CAMx/PSAT specifications. 

WRAP PSAT Specs Description 

Model CAMx v4.30 

OS/compiler Linux, pgf90 v.6.0-5 

CPU type AMD Opteron with 2 GB of RAM 

Source region 18 source regions; see Figure 4.1 and Table 4.4 

Emissions source groups Plan02b, 6 source groups; see Table 4.5 

Initial conditions From CENRAP (camx.v4.30.cenrap36.omp.2001365.inst.2) 

Boundary conditions 3-h BC from GEOS-Chem v2 

Table 3. WRAP CAMx/PSAT run-time options. 

WRAP PSAT specs Description 

Advection solver PPM 

Chemistry parameters CAMx4.3.chemparam.4_CF 

Chemistry solver CMC 

Plume-in-grid Not used 
WRAP PSAT specs Description 

Probing tool PSAT 

Dry/wet deposition TRUE (turned on) 

Staggered winds TRUE (turned on) 

Table 4. WRAP CAMx/PSAT source regions cross-reference table. 

Source 

Region ID 

Source Region 

Description1

Source 

Region ID 

Source Region 

Description1

1 Arizona (AZ) 10 South Dakota (SD) 

2 California (CA) 11 Utah (UT) 

3 Colorado (CO) 12 Washington (WA) 

4 Idaho (ID) 13 Wyoming (WY) 

5 Montana (MT) 14 Pacific off-shore & Sea of 

Cortez (OF) 

6 Nevada (NV) 15 CENRAP states (CE) 

7 New Mexico (NM) 16 Eastern U.S., Gulf of Mexico, 

& Atlantic Ocean (EA) 

8 North Dakota (ND) 17 Mexico (MX) 

9 Oregon (OR) 18 Canada (CN) 

1The abbreviations in parentheses are used to identify source regions in PSAT receptor bar plots. 
-2736 -2412 -2088 -1764 -1440 -1116 -792 -468 -144 180 504 828 1152 1476 1800 2124 2448

-2088

-1872

-1656

-1440

-1224

-1008

-792

-576

-360

-144

72

288

504

720

936

1152

1368

1584

1800

2

6

9

12

4

5

8

13

11

3

1 7

15

15

16

16

16

18 18

14

17

14

10

Figure 1. WRAP CAMx/PSAT source region map. Table 4.4 defines the source region IDs. 

Table 5. WRAP CAMx/PSAT emissions source groups. 

Emissions 

Source 

Groups 

Low-level Sources Elevated Sources 

1 Low-level point sources (including stationary offshore) Elevated point sources (including 

stationary off-shore) 

2 Anthropogenic wildfires (WRAP only) Anthropogenic wild fires (WRAP only)

3 Total mobile (on-road, off-road, including planes, 

trains, ships in/near port, off-shore shipping) 
Emissions 

Source 

Groups 

Low-level Sources Elevated Sources 

4 Natural emissions (natural fire, WRAP only, 

biogenics) 

Natural emissions (natural fire, WRAP 

only, biogenics) 

5 Non-WRAP wildfires (elevated fire sources in 

other RPOs) 

Non-WRAP wild fires (elevated fire 

sources in other RPOs) 

6 Everything else (area sources, all dust, fugitive

ammonia, non-elevated fire sources in other 

RPOs) 

Preparation of Emissions Data 

Emissions datasets for the CAMx/PSAT simulations were prepared directly from the SMOKEprocessed emissions developed for CMAQ. A simple format conversion was used to convert the 

original SMOKE output files from the I/O API format to the CAMx format. For certain source 

categories, SMOKE was configured to output CAMx-formatted files directly. In addition, 

CMAQ species names were changed for several of the emissions species to make them consistent 

with the CAMx species. Additional processing was also required for the PSAT algorithm. For 

each of the emissions categories that were tracked in PSAT, the intermediate SMOKE output 

files for those categories were converted to the CAMx/PSAT formats, and read by the CAMx 

program to distinguish among the emissions source categories. The elevated-point-source CAMx 

emissions files were also processed files to specify the PSAT source region individually for each 

point source. This was necessary in order to assign elevated-point-source emissions to the correct 

PSAT source region (particularly near state boundaries and along coastal regions), due to the 

relatively coarse (36-km) grid cell resolution. 

No additional post-processing QA was performed on the CAMx emissions files, since they were 

prepared directly from the previously quality-assured CMAQ emissions files. However, the 

CAMx/PSAT simulations by comparing the CAMx- and CMAQ-predicted species 

concentrations as part of the overall QA of the model simulations. 

Help Parameter Group

Mass

Light Extinction

Parameter

Particle Extinction

Total Extinction

Deciview

Sulfate Extinction

Nitrate Extinction

Particulate Organic Carbon Extinction

Elemental Carbon Extinction

IMPROVE Algorithm

Original

Revised

Year

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

Selection of Days

IMPROVE sampled

Best 20% IMPROVE

Worst 20% IMPROVE

Averaging

Daily

Monthly

Annual

Quarter

Q1 - JFM

Q2 - AMJ

Q3 - JAS

Q4 - OND

Chart Type

Timeline

Bar Chart

Figure 1.

- Hide Data

Site Method Year N SO4 Extinction NO3 Extinction OMC Extinction EC Extinction Soil Extinction CM Extinction

THRO1 NIA 2000 21 16.4 13.61 11.81 3.26 0.76 5.61

THRO1 NIA 2001 22 18.77 17.7 6.67 2.69 1.01 4.52

THRO1 NIA 2002 19 20.83 10.7 5.85 1.9 1.2 5.58

THRO1 NIA 2003 21 17.7 10.34 16.43 3.36 0.97 5.39

THRO1 NIA 2004 23 13.96 16.35 13.35 2.52 0.55 2.99

Results Page 1 of 1

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Help Parameter

Nitrate/NOx

Sulfate/SOx

Emissions Scenario

2000-04 Baseline (plan02c)

2018 Base Case (base18b)

Source Categories

Natural Fires and Biogenics (WRAP)

Anthropogenic Fires (WRAP)

Mobile

Area

Point

Source Regions

AZ - Arizona

CA - California

CO - Colorado

ID - Idaho

MT - Montana

NV - Nevada

NM - New Mexico

ND - North Dakota

OR - Oregon

SD - South Dakota

UT - Utah

WA - Washington

WY - Wyoming

*Outside Domain requires

 all Source Categories 

 be selected 

Selection of Days

All days

IMPROVE sampled

Best 20% IMPROVE

Worst 20% IMPROVE

Averaging

Daily

Monthly

Annual

Quarter

Q1 - JFM

Q2 - AMJ

Q3 - JAS

Q4 - OND

Figure 1.

- Hide Data

PIE 

site Year modelrun param N SReg PT AF MV Nat Area Total

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 CAN 0.15 0 0.228 0.025 0.139 0.541

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 CEN 0.01 0 0.026 0.005 0.003 0.043

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 EUS 0.001 0 0.003 0 0 0.004

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 MEX 0 0 0 0 0 0

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k Outside Domain 0.304

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 PO 0.001 0 0.002 0 0.006 0.008

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k WRAP 0.81

WRAP 

site Year modelrun param N SReg PT AF MV Nat Area Total

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 AZ 5.789474E-05 0 0.0001894737 2.105263E-05 0 0.000268421

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 CA 0.0004052632 6.842105E-05 0.003873684 0.0002526316 0.000568421 0.005168421

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 CO 0.003142105 7.894737E-05 0.003726316 0.0004473684 0.0008631579 0.008257896

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 ID 0.001631579 5.789474E-05 0.009389474 0.001068421 0.003673684 0.01582105

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 MT 0.09888421 0.0001894737 0.1025211 0.03495263 0.01848947 0.2550369

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 NV 0.001121053 0 0.001594737 0.0001421053 0.0001052632 0.002963158

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 NM 0.0002421053 0 0.0001631579 0.0001052632 0.0001052632 0.0006157896

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 ND 0.1587421 0.0002842105 0.1037895 0.0388579 0.02333158 0.3250053

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 OR 0.003942105 0.0001157895 0.01638421 0.001136842 0.001542105 0.02312105

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 SD 0.003526316 1.578947E-05 0.01697895 0.0137 0.00238421 0.03660526

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 UT 0.005689474 1.052632E-05 0.009247368 0.0001947368 0.0008052632 0.01594737

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 WA 0.005231579 0.001142105 0.04051579 0.002578947 0.002673684 0.0521421

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 WY 0.03513684 0.0001157895 0.02402105 0.0018 0.008236842 0.06931052

BAR 

site Year modelrun param N SReg Nat. Fires & Bio. Anthro. Fires Mobile Area Point Outside Domain

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 AZ 0 0 0 0 0 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 CA 0 0 0.004 0.001 0 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 CAN 0.025 0 0.228 0.139 0.15 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 CEN 0.005 0 0.026 0.003 0.01 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 CO 0 0 0.004 0.001 0.003 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 EUS 0 0 0.003 0 0.001 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 ID 0.001 0 0.009 0.004 0.002 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 MEX 0 0 0 0 0 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 MT 0.035 0 0.103 0.018 0.099 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 ND 0.039 0 0.104 0.023 0.159 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 NM 0 0 0 0 0 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 NV 0 0 0.002 0 0.001 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 OR 0.001 0 0.016 0.002 0.004 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 PO 0 0 0.002 0.006 0.001 

Results Page 1 of 2

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THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 SD 0.014 0 0.017 0.002 0.004 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 UT 0 0 0.009 0.001 0.006 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 WA 0.003 0.001 0.041 0.003 0.005

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 WY 0.002 0 0.024 0.008 0.035 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 OD 0.304

DATA 

site Year modelrun param N SReg Nat. Fires & Bio. Anthro. Fires Mobile Area Point Outside Domain

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 AZ 0 0 0 0 0 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 CA 0 0 0.004 0.001 0 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 CAN 0.025 0 0.228 0.139 0.15 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 CEN 0.005 0 0.026 0.003 0.01 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 CO 0 0 0.004 0.001 0.003 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 EUS 0 0 0.003 0 0.001 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 ID 0.001 0 0.009 0.004 0.002 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 MEX 0 0 0 0 0 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 MT 0.035 0 0.103 0.018 0.099 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 ND 0.039 0 0.104 0.023 0.159 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 NM 0 0 0 0 0 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 NV 0 0 0.002 0 0.001 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 OR 0.001 0 0.016 0.002 0.004 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 PO 0 0 0.002 0.006 0.001 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 SD 0.014 0 0.017 0.002 0.004 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 UT 0 0 0.009 0.001 0.006 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 WA 0.003 0.001 0.041 0.003 0.005

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 WY 0.002 0 0.024 0.008 0.035 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 OD 0.304

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 CAN 0.139 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 CEN 0.003 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 EUS 0 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 MEX 0 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k Outside Domain 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 19 PO 0.006 

THRO1 2002 plan02c36k WRAP 

Results Page 2 of 2

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Help Parameter Group

Mass

Light Extinction

Parameter

Particle Extinction

Total Extinction

Deciview

Sulfate Extinction

Nitrate Extinction

Particulate Organic Carbon Extinction

Elemental Carbon Extinction

IMPROVE Algorithm

Original

Revised

Year

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

Selection of Days

IMPROVE sampled

Best 20% IMPROVE

Worst 20% IMPROVE

Averaging

Daily

Monthly

Annual

Quarter

Q1 - JFM

Q2 - AMJ

Q3 - JAS

Q4 - OND

Chart Type

Timeline

Bar Chart

Figure 1.

- Hide Data

Site Method Year N SO4 Extinction NO3 Extinction OMC Extinction EC Extinction Soil Extinction CM Extinction SeaSalt Extinction

LOST1 NIA 2000 19 19.98 15.96 17.78 4.49 0.85 5.19 0

LOST1 NIA 2001 24 21.52 29.33 9.19 2.84 0.72 4.75 0.87

LOST1 NIA 2002 24 20.14 23.33 7.58 2.26 0.5 2.64 0.11

LOST1 NIA 2003 24 18.57 19.4 9.15 2.4 0.63 4.35 0.05

LOST1 NIA 2004 24 26.78 26.71 11.57 2.22 0.41 2.73 0.27

Results Page 1 of 1

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Help Parameter

Nitrate/NOx

Sulfate/SOx

Emissions Scenario

2000-04 Baseline (plan02c)

2018 Base Case (base18b)

Source Categories

Natural Fires and Biogenics (WRAP)

Anthropogenic Fires (WRAP)

Mobile

Area

Point

Source Regions

AZ - Arizona

CA - California

CO - Colorado

ID - Idaho

MT - Montana

NV - Nevada

NM - New Mexico

ND - North Dakota

OR - Oregon

SD - South Dakota

UT - Utah

WA - Washington

WY - Wyoming

*Outside Domain requires

 all Source Categories 

 be selected 

Selection of Days

All days

IMPROVE sampled

Best 20% IMPROVE

Worst 20% IMPROVE

Averaging

Daily

Monthly

Annual

Quarter

Q1 - JFM

Q2 - AMJ

Q3 - JAS

Q4 - OND

Figure 1.

- Hide Data

PIE 

site Year modelrun param N SReg PT AF MV Nat Area Total

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 CAN 0.384 0 0.503 0.047 0.315 1.249

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 CEN 0.044 0 0.071 0.012 0.017 0.144

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 EUS 0.005 0 0.011 0.001 0.001 0.019

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 MEX 0.001 0 0 0 0 0.001

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k Outside Domain 0.392

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 PO 0.002 0 0.006 0 0.014 0.022

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k WRAP 1.015

WRAP 

site Year modelrun param N SReg PT AF MV Nat Area Total

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 AZ 0.0001458333 0 0.0008041667 7.083333E-05 2.083333E-05 0.001041667

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 CA 0.001829167 0.000325 0.01614167 0.0009375 0.002433333 0.02166667

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 CO 0.004479167 4.166667E-06 0.005295834 0.0006458334 0.001279167 0.01170417

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 ID 0.003316667 0.001125 0.02215417 0.002241667 0.008679166 0.03751668

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 MT 0.07263333 0.003445833 0.1234958 0.040025 0.01998333 0.2595833

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 NV 0.002120833 4.166667E-06 0.002675 0.0003375 0.0002 0.0053375

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 NM 0.0004958333 0 0.0002791667 7.916667E-05 0.0002125 0.001066667

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 ND 0.175975 1.666667E-05 0.1196875 0.0362375 0.0334375 0.3653542

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 OR 0.008833334 0.002720833 0.03448333 0.002475 0.003104167 0.05161666

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 SD 0.008379167 8.333333E-06 0.01997917 0.01372083 0.002608333 0.04469582

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 UT 0.005795833 0 0.009145834 0.0003458333 0.0008625 0.01615

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 WA 0.0122375 0.001833333 0.09485417 0.0055 0.006266667 0.1206917

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 WY 0.04050416 4.583333E-05 0.02745 0.0018125 0.008416667 0.07822917

BAR 

site Year modelrun param N SReg Nat. Fires & Bio. Anthro. Fires Mobile Area Point Outside Domain

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 AZ 0 0 0.001 0 0 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 CA 0.001 0 0.016 0.002 0.002 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 CAN 0.047 0 0.503 0.315 0.384 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 CEN 0.012 0 0.071 0.017 0.044 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 CO 0.001 0 0.005 0.001 0.004 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 EUS 0.001 0 0.011 0.001 0.005 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 ID 0.002 0.001 0.022 0.009 0.003

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 MEX 0 0 0 0 0.001 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 MT 0.04 0.003 0.123 0.02 0.073 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 ND 0.036 0 0.12 0.033 0.176 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 NM 0 0 0 0 0 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 NV 0 0 0.003 0 0.002 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 OR 0.002 0.003 0.034 0.003 0.009

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 PO 0 0 0.006 0.014 0.002 

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LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 SD 0.014 0 0.02 0.003 0.008 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 UT 0 0 0.009 0.001 0.006 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 WA 0.005 0.002 0.095 0.006 0.012

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 WY 0.002 0 0.027 0.008 0.041 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 OD 0.392

DATA 

site Year modelrun param N SReg Nat. Fires & Bio. Anthro. Fires Mobile Area Point Outside Domain

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 AZ 0 0 0.001 0 0 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 CA 0.001 0 0.016 0.002 0.002 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 CAN 0.047 0 0.503 0.315 0.384 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 CEN 0.012 0 0.071 0.017 0.044 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 CO 0.001 0 0.005 0.001 0.004 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 EUS 0.001 0 0.011 0.001 0.005 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 ID 0.002 0.001 0.022 0.009 0.003

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 MEX 0 0 0 0 0.001 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 MT 0.04 0.003 0.123 0.02 0.073 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 ND 0.036 0 0.12 0.033 0.176 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 NM 0 0 0 0 0 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 NV 0 0 0.003 0 0.002 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 OR 0.002 0.003 0.034 0.003 0.009

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 PO 0 0 0.006 0.014 0.002 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 SD 0.014 0 0.02 0.003 0.008 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 UT 0 0 0.009 0.001 0.006 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 WA 0.005 0.002 0.095 0.006 0.012

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 WY 0.002 0 0.027 0.008 0.041 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 OD 0.392

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 CAN 0.315 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 CEN 0.017 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 EUS 0.001 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 MEX 0 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k Outside Domain 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k PN3 24 PO 0.014 

LOST1 2002 plan02c36k WRAP 

Results Page 2 of 2

http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/dev1/web/results/ResultsPSATregSOx.aspx 1/13/2012