Department of Environmental 

Conservation 

OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER 

Post Office Box 111800 

410 Willoughby Avenue, Suite 303 

Juneau, Alaska 99811-1800 

Main: 907.465.5066 

Fax: 907.465.5070 

April 22, 2013 

Mr. Dennis McLerran 

U.S. EPA Region 10 

Regional Administrator’s Office, RA-140 

1200 Sixth Avenue, Suite 900 

Seattle, WA 98101 

Dear Mr. McLerran: 

This letter provides for your approval amendments to Alaska’s State Air Quality Control Plan or State 

Implementation Plan (SIP), adopted by reference into the Alaska Administrative Code (AAC) at 18 AAC 

50.030, with an effective date of May 8, 2013. The Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation 

(ADEC) is submitting the enclosed SIP revisions to satisfy the requirements of section 175A(b) of the Clean Air 

Act. These revisions are second 10-year Limited Maintenance Plans (LMPs) for the Anchorage and Fairbanks 

carbon monoxide (CO) maintenance areas. The SIP submittal updates the Anchorage and Fairbanks Carbon 

Monoxide (CO) Limited Maintenance Plans (LMPs). ADEC requests that EPA approve the revised and new 

sections of the State Air Quality Control Plan and additions to the appendices included in this submittal, as 

listed below. 

 Volume II: Analysis of Problems, Control Actions 

o Section III.B Anchorage Transportation Control Program 

 Revised Sections: 

o III.B.4 Carbon Monoxide Monitoring Program, 

o III.B.10 Air Quality Conformity Procedures 

 New Section: 

o III.B.12 Limited Maintenance Plan for 2014-2024 

o Section III.C Fairbanks Transportation Control Program 

 Revised Sections: 

o III.C.3 Air Quality Emissions Data 

o III.C.4 Carbon Monoxide Network Monitoring Program 

o III.C.6 Modeling and Projections 

o III.C.10 Air Quality Conformity Procedures 

 New Section 

o III.C.12 Limited Maintenance Plan for 2014-2024 

 Volume III, Appendices to Volume II is amended as follows: 

o Volume II, Section II. Air Quality Control Program is amended as follows: 

 18 AAC 50 Air Quality Control as amended through January 4, 2013, is removed and 

replaced with 18 AAC 50 Air Quality Control as amended through May 8, 2013; section to 
Dennis McLerran 2 April 22, 2013

be reviewed and approved is the lead-in language of 18 AAC 50.030 with the adoption date 

of Volumes II and III of the State Air quality Control Plan as amended through February 22, 

2013. 

o Volume II, Section III.B Anchorage Transportation Control Program 

 Appendix III.B.1 is amended by adding the following document: 

o Addition of Anchorage Assembly Resolution No. 2013-20, dated January 29, 2013, a 

resolution of the Municipality of Anchorage adopting revisions to the Anchorage 

Carbon Monoxide Maintenance Plan (dated January 29, 2013) 

 Appendix III.B.10 is amended by adding the following document: 

o ADEC Affidavit of Oral Hearing 

o Volume II, Section III.C Fairbanks Transportation Control Program 

 Appendix III.C.1 is amended by adding the following document: 

o Fairbanks North Star Borough Assembly Resolution No. 2013-05, dated January 10, 

2013, a resolution of the Fairbanks North Star Borough adopting revisions to the 

Fairbanks Carbon Monoxide Maintenance Plan (dated January 10, 2013) 

 Appendix III.C.10 is amended by adding the following document: 

o ADEC Affidavit of Oral Hearing 

ADEC requests that EPA not review or approve the following parts of Volumes II and III which have been 

previously approved: 

 Volume II: Analysis of Problems, Control Actions 

o Section III.B Anchorage Transportation Control Program 

 III.B.1 – III.B-3; III.B.5 – III.B.9; III.B.11 

o Section III.C Fairbanks Transportation Control Program 

 III.C.1 – III.C.2; III.C.5; III.C.7 – III.C.9; III.C.11 

 Volume III: Appendices to Volume II 

o Appendix III.B.2 – Appendix III.B.9; Appendix III.B.11 

o Appendix III.C.2 – Appendix III.C.9; Appendix III.C.11 

The following supporting documents are also being provided: 

1. Lt. Governor’s certified Filing Certificate for Permanent Regulations along with appropriate delegations, 

including Signed Adoption Order, with an effective date of regulation May 8, 2013; 

2. Notice of Public Comment Period, signed January 11, 2013; 

3. (2) Affidavits of Publication for the Public Notice; 

4. Affidavit of Agency Record of Public Comment, signed February 22, 2013; 

5. (2) Affidavits of Oral Hearing, signed February 13, 2013; 

6. Affidavit of Notice of Proposed Adoption of Regulations and Furnishing of Additional Information, 

signed February 22, 2013; 

7. Public Review Draft of 18 AAC 50 regulations which shows the changes made to the regulations, with 

bold lettering as new language and bracketed language as old language, dated January 11, 2013; and 

8. A copy of the tracked regulation amendments prepared by the Department of Law for transmittal to the 

Lt. Governor for certification and filing, dated March 22, 2013. 

We are providing one paper copy and one electronic version of the documents (note that the electronic version 

is an exact duplicate of the paper copy). 
Dennis McLerran 2 April 22, 2013

Mr. Scott Sloane is available to your staff to respond to questions or to otherwise assist. He can be phoned at 

(907) 465-5176. As always, I would be pleased to discuss any of this with you. 

Sincerely, 

Larry Hartig 

Commissioner 

Enclosures 

cc: Kate Kelly, EPA Region 10 (w/o enclosures) 

Keith Rose, EPA Region 10 (w/ enclosures) 

Alice Edwards, Director, Division of Air Quality, ADEC (w/o enclosures) 

Cynthia Heil, Program Manager, ANPMS Program, ADEC (w/o enclosures) 
40 C.F.R. Part 51 Appendix V 2.1. (b) 

Evidence State Has Formally Adopted Plan or Revision :

Adoption Order of Commissioner Larry Hartig signed by Larry Hartig, 

Commissioner on February 22, 2013, with Filing Certification of Lt. Governor 

Mead Treadwell signed by Lt. Governor Mead Treadwell on April 8, 2013.

Draft copy of changes to regulations with changes indicated by bold, 

underlined text.

Permanent Filing of Regulation Memo of Lt. Governor Mead Treadwell dated 

April 9, 2013.

Readoption draft of 18 AAC 50 Air Quality Control Regulations, as adopted 

on February 22, 2013.

Adoption draft of 18 AAC 50 Air Quality Control Regulations, As amended 

through February 22, 2013 (with hand written register number in header and 

hand written notes from the Department of Law).
JU2012200967 

ORDER ADOPTING CHANGES TO 

REGULATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 

The attached two pages of regulations, dealing with the Anchorage and Fairbanks carbon 

monoxide limited maintenance plans is hereby adopted and certified to be a correct copy of the 

regulation changes that the Department of Environmental Conservation adopts under the 

authority of AS 46.03 and AS 46.14 and after compliance with the Administrative Procedure Act 

(AS 44.62), specifically including notice under AS 44.62.190 and 44.62.200 and opportunity for 

public comment under AS 44.62.210. 

This action is not expected to require an increased appropriation. 

In considering public comments, the Department of Environmental Conservation paid special 

attention to the cost to private persons of the regulatory action being taken. The Department of 

Environmental Conservation also gave special attention to alternate practical methods in this 

regulatory action, as required by AS 46.03.024. 

The regulation changes adopted under this order take effect on the 30th day after they have been 

filed by the lieutenant governor as provided in AS 44.62.180. 

DATE: February 22,2013 

Anchorage, Alaska 

Larry rtig, Commiss' ner 

Department of Environmental Conservation 

FILING CERTIFICATION 

I, Mead Treadwell, Lieutenant Governor for the State of Alaska, certify that on 

4p.:.t "1) ,2013, at tt'trpm., I filed the attached regulations according to the provisions 

of AS 44.62.040 - 44.62.120. 

Effective: 

Register: 

Mo.) <6, ;20 {,1. 

20m r Ji .. J

7 ;J.Q(j 

Mead Treadwell, Lieutenant Governor 
1

DEPARTMENT OF

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

ALASKA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE

TITLE 18- DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

Chapter 50. Air Quality Control

Section 50.030 State air quality plan. 

Public Review Draft

January 11, 2013

Sean Parnell, Governor

Larry Hartig, Commissioner
2

This page was intentionally left blank for two-sided copying.
1

Register ___, ________ 2013 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

The lead-in language of 18 AAC 50.030 is amended to read:

18 AAC 50.030. State air quality plan. Volumes II and III of the State Air Quality 

Control Plan for implementing and enforcing the provisions of AS 46.14 and this chapter, as 

amended through {adoption date of the regulations} [MAY 29, 2012], are adopted by reference. 

The plan includes the following documents which are also adopted by reference:

(1) the department's Alaska Air Quality Small Business Assistance Program,

April 1994;

(2) the Code of the City and Borough of Juneau, Alaska, Chapter 36.40, amended

by the provisions of Ordinance of the City and Borough of Juneau, Alaska, Serial No. 2008-

28, sec. 2;

(3) except as provided in 18 AAC 50.090(b), the department's Air Quality

Compliance Certification Procedures for Volatile Liquid Storage Tanks, Delivery Tanks, and

Loading Racks, as amended through December 10, 1992;

(4) the department's Quality Assurance Project Plan for the State of Alaska Air

Monitoring & Quality Assurance Program, as amended through February 23, 2010;

(5) Repealed 6/21/98.

(6) Protocol for Determining the Best Performing Model, EPA-454/R-92-025,

December 1992;

(7) repealed 9/17/2011;

(8) Source Test Report Outline, as amended through November 1984;

(9) the department’s Performance Audits for COMS, revised as of August 20,

2008;
2

(10) the department’s Minor Permit Application Forms, dated August 30, 2004.

(Eff. 1/18/97, Register 141; am 6/21/98, Register 146; am 9/4/98, Register 147; am 1/1/2000,

Register 152; am 12/30/2000; Register 156; am 9/21/2001, Register 159; am 1/27/2002, Register

161; am 3/27/2002, Register 161; am 5/3/2002, Register 162; am 2/20/2004, Register 169; am

6/24/2004, Register 170; am 10/1/2004, Register 171; am 12/14/2006, Register 180; am

12/30/2007, Register 184; am 5/17/2008, Register 186; am 7/25/2008, Register 187; am

11/9/2008, Register 188; am 5/6/2009, Register 190; am 11/4/2009, Register 192; am 4/1/2010,

Register 193; am 10/29/2010, Register 196; am 4/13/2011, Register 198; am 9/17/2011, Register

199; am 8/1/2012, Register 203; am __/__/____, Register ___)

Authority: AS 46.03.020 AS 46.14.030 Sec. 30, ch. 74, SLA 1993

AS 46.14.020 AS 46.14.140

Editor's note: The State Air Quality Control Plan and the other documents adopted by

reference in 18 AAC 50.030 may be reviewed at the department's Anchorage, Fairbanks, or

Juneau office and are on file with the Office of the Lieutenant Governor.
Mead TreadweH 

Lieutenant Governor 

State Capitol 

Juneau, Alaska 99811 

907.465.3520 465.5400 Fax 

WWW.LTOOV.ALASKA.OOV 

530 West i h Ave, Suite 1700 

Anchorage, Alaska 99501 

907.269.7460 269.0263 

LT.GOVERNOR@ALASKA.GOV 

TO: 

FROM: 

DATE: 

RE: 

OFFICE OF THE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR 

ALASKA 

MEMORANDUM 

Gary Mendivil, AAC Contact 

Department of Environmental Conservation 

Scott Meriwether ~ 

Special Assistan~~----~" 

907.465.3509 ~ 

April 9, 2013 

Filed Permanent Regulations: Department of Environmental Conservation 

Regulations re: update to State Air Quality Control Plan and carbon monoxide limited 

maintenance plans: 18 AAC 50.030 

Attorney General File: JU2012200967 

Regulation Filed: 4/8/2013 

Effective Date: 5/8/2013 

Print: 206, july 2013 

cc with enclosures: Linda Miller, Department of Law 

Christa Von Bergen, Administrative Regulation Review Committee 

j udyHerndon, LexisN exis 
DEPARTMENT OF

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

ALASKA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE

TITLE 18- DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

Chapter 50. Air Quality Control

Section 50.030 State air quality plan. 

Adopted

February 22, 2013

Sean Parnell, Governor

Larry Hartig, Commissioner
Register ___, ________ 2013 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

This page was intentionally left blank for two-sided copying.
Register ___, ________ 2013 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

1

The lead-in language of 18 AAC 50.030 is amended to read:

18 AAC 50.030. State air quality plan. Volumes II and III of the State Air Quality 

Control Plan for implementing and enforcing the provisions of AS 46.14 and this chapter, as 

amended through February 22, 2013 [MAY 29, 2012], are adopted by reference. The plan 

includes the following documents which are also adopted by reference:

(1) the department's Alaska Air Quality Small Business Assistance Program,

April 1994;

(2) the Code of the City and Borough of Juneau, Alaska, Chapter 36.40, amended

by the provisions of Ordinance of the City and Borough of Juneau, Alaska, Serial No. 2008-

28, sec. 2;

(3) except as provided in 18 AAC 50.090(b), the department's Air Quality

Compliance Certification Procedures for Volatile Liquid Storage Tanks, Delivery Tanks, and

Loading Racks, as amended through December 10, 1992;

(4) the department's Quality Assurance Project Plan for the State of Alaska Air

Monitoring & Quality Assurance Program, as amended through February 23, 2010;

(5) Repealed 6/21/98.

(6) Protocol for Determining the Best Performing Model, EPA-454/R-92-025,

December 1992;

(7) repealed 9/17/2011;

(8) Source Test Report Outline, as amended through November 1984;

(9) the department’s Performance Audits for COMS, revised as of August 20,

2008;

(10) the department’s Minor Permit Application Forms, dated August 30, 2004.
Register ___, ________ 2013 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

2

(Eff. 1/18/97, Register 141; am 6/21/98, Register 146; am 9/4/98, Register 147; am 1/1/2000,

Register 152; am 12/30/2000; Register 156; am 9/21/2001, Register 159; am 1/27/2002, Register

161; am 3/27/2002, Register 161; am 5/3/2002, Register 162; am 2/20/2004, Register 169; am

6/24/2004, Register 170; am 10/1/2004, Register 171; am 12/14/2006, Register 180; am

12/30/2007, Register 184; am 5/17/2008, Register 186; am 7/25/2008, Register 187; am

11/9/2008, Register 188; am 5/6/2009, Register 190; am 11/4/2009, Register 192; am 4/1/2010,

Register 193; am 10/29/2010, Register 196; am 4/13/2011, Register 198; am 9/17/2011, Register

199; am 8/1/2012, Register 203; am __/__/____, Register ___)

Authority: AS 46.03.020 AS 46.14.030 Sec. 30, ch. 74, SLA 1993

AS 46.14.020 AS 46.14.140

Editor's note: The State Air Quality Control Plan and the other documents adopted by

reference in 18 AAC 50.030 may be reviewed at the department's Anchorage, Fairbanks, or

Juneau office and are on file with the Office of the Lieutenant Governor.
Register _~ _;[~ __ 2013 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 

The lead-in language of 18 AAC 50.enO is amended to read: 

18 AAC 50.030. State air quality plan. Volumes II and III of the State Air Quality 

Control Plan for implementing and enforcing the provisions of AS 46.14 and this chapter, as 

amended through February 22,2013 [MAY 29, 2012], are adopted by reference. The plan 

April 1994; 

(2) the Code of the City and Borough of Juneau, Alaska, Chapter 36 0, amended 

by the provisions of Ordinance of the City and Borough of Juneau, Alaska, Ser' No. 2008-

28, sec. 2; 

(3) except as provided in 18 AAC 50.090(b), the depar ent's Air Quality 

Compliance Certification Procedures for Volatile Liquid Storag (mks, Delivery Tanks, and 

Loading Racks, as amended through December 10, 1992; 

(4) the department's Quali(v Assuranc' roject Plan for the State of Alaska Air 

Monitoring & Quality Assurance Program, as a nded through February 23, 2010; 

(5) repealed 6/21/98. 

(6) Protocolfor Detem :ning the Best Performing Model, EPA-454/R-92-025, 

December 1992; 

(7) repealed /17/2011; 

(8) Sa trce Test Report Outline, as amended through November 1984; 

the department's Pelformance Audits for COMS, revised as of August 20, 

2008; 

--~E-J4.}-tH@'--GI~pal:tJlletlt:sMiuGH'-Pe·rn7"i·t-A1)?l·j,eGI.#GN'l~}Z&f'mS;-'dated-p;:'(rglist~e;-2t'eJ41 

1 
Regis(er 7!i2, ".:2~L:1_- 20 J :; ENVIRONMEN'TAL CONSERVATION 

(Ell J 1 18197, Register 141; am 6121/98, Register J 46; am 9/4/98, Register 147; am 1/1/2000, 

Register [52; am [213012000; Register 156; am 912112001, Register 159; am 1/2712002, Register 

161 ; am 3/2712002, Register 161; am 51312002, Register 162; am 2/20/2004, Register 169; am 

612412004, Register 170; am 10/112004, Register 171; am 12/1412006, Register 180; am 

12/30/2007, Register 184; am 5/1712008, Register 186; am 712512008, Register 187; am 

11/912008, Register 188; am 5/612009, Register 190; am 111412009, Register 192; am 41112010, 

Register 193; am 10/29/2010, Register 196; am 411312011, Register 198; am 911712011, Register 

199; am 8/112012, Register 203; am 5) 81 2013, Register 2Lh) 

Authority: AS 46.03.020 

AS 46.14.020 

AS 46.14.030 

AS 46.14.140 

Sec. 30, ch. 74, SLA 1993 

t-E4j.M).~.~12b,e_£t'l.te.AiJ::-Q.u'~li9LG:2J.ut:~ett;b~1.-l4f.ltl41'}e-(J"theffie&H·me.Ht8-aaEtl*eEl-b;-

1~:j.Ge-ill..1.8..AAC.5OJ).3.(Lm.a.y-~ev1-e~ttttl~et:1'fteR.~f1.G.R·eH1..ge.....EairllaJ4.k~t:­

J!j.f.l~e-Ff;:i.G~1-11d.at:e-o.Q....£i.1g...;w..i.tJ:l-t.L-1e..O~;t'Jlle.L~Y.t,@-1-1a.r-').t-GQ..\Lel:J:1.G.r, 

l'l AA 

2 
40 C.F.R. Part 51 Appendix V 2.1. (c) 

Proof of State Legal Authority to Adopt Plan:

Alaska Statute 44.46.020

Alaska Statute 46.03.020

Alaska Statute 46.03.760

Alaska Statute 46.03.765

Alaska Statute 46.03.780

Alaska Statute 46.03.790

Alaska Statute AS 46.14
2009 Alaska State Statutes relating to Air Quality 1 of 46

Correct as posted on http://www.legis.state.ak.us/basis/folio.asp as of July 1, 2010

Chapter 44.46. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

Article 01. ORGANIZATION

Sec. 44.46.010. Commissioner of environmental conservation.

The principal executive officer of the Department of Environmental Conservation is the 

commissioner of environmental conservation.

Sec. 44.46.020. Duties of department.

(a) The Department of Environmental Conservation shall

(1) have primary responsibility for coordination and development of policies, programs, and 

planning related to the environment of the state and of the various regions of the state;

(2) have primary responsibility for the adoption and enforcement of regulations setting 

standards for the prevention and abatement of all water, land, subsurface land, and air pollution, 

and other sources or potential sources of pollution of the environment, including by way of 

example only, petroleum and natural gas pipelines;

(3) promote and develop programs for the protection and control of the environment of the 

state;

(4) take actions that are necessary and proper to further the policy declared in AS 46.03.010;

(5) adopt regulations for

(A) the prevention and control of public health nuisances;

(B) the regulation of sanitation and sanitary practices in the interest of public health;

(C) standards of cleanliness and sanitation in connection with the construction, operation, 

and maintenance of a camp, cannery, food handling establishment, food manufacturing plant, 

mattress manufacturing establishment, industrial plant, school, barbershop, hairdressing, 

manicuring, esthetics, tattooing and permanent cosmetic coloring, body piercing, or ear piercing 

establishment, soft drink establishment, beer and wine dispensaries, and for other similar 

establishments in which lack of sanitation may create a condition that causes disease;

(D) the regulation of quality and purity of commercially compressed air sold for human 

respiration.

(b) The department's regulations for tattooing and permanent cosmetic coloring shops and 

for body piercing shops must include requirements that

(1) the shop be equipped with appropriate sterilizing equipment, with availability of hot and 

cold running water, and with an appropriate waste receptacle;
2009 Alaska State Statutes relating to Air Quality 2 of 46

Correct as posted on http://www.legis.state.ak.us/basis/folio.asp as of July 1, 2010

(2) the owner of the shop is responsible for ensuring that case history cards are kept for each 

client for a period of three years after the client's most recent tattooing and permanent cosmetic 

coloring or body piercing;

(3) a practitioner in the shop may use only instruments for tattooing and permanent cosmetic 

coloring or body piercing that have been sterilized in accordance with methods approved by the 

department.

Sec. 44.46.025. Fees for services.

(a) Except as otherwise provided in AS 37.10.050 - 37.10.056, the Department of 

Environmental Conservation may adopt regulations that prescribe reasonable fees, and establish 

procedures for the collection of those fees, to cover the applicable direct costs, not including 

travel except in the case of a designated regulatory service, as that term is defined in AS 

37.10.058 , of inspections, permit preparation and administration, plan review and approval, and 

other services provided by the department relating to

(1) animals and animal products under AS 03.05; food, drugs, and cosmetics under AS 

17.20; and public accommodations and facilities under AS 18.35;

(2) certificates of inspection for motor vehicles under AS 46.14.400 or 46.14.510;

(3) drinking water systems under AS 46.03.720 ;

(4) water and wastewater operator training under AS 46.30;

(5) waste management and disposal authorizations under AS 46.03.100 ;

(6) certification of laboratories conducting environmental analyses of public drinking water 

systems or of oil or hazardous substances, or conducting other analyses required by the 

department;

(7) certification of federal permits or authorizations under 33 U.S.C. 1341 (sec. 401, Clean 

Water Act);

(8) regulation of point source discharges of pollutants under the program authorized by AS 

46.03.020 (12);

(9) regulation of pesticides and broadcast chemicals registered under AS 46.03.320 (a)(4), 

with a reasonable fee not to exceed $120;

(10) licensing of pesticide applicators under AS 46.03.320 (b), with a reasonable fee not to 

exceed $25.

(b) The department may not charge a fee for a service that is provided by a municipality 

under a delegation by the department to the municipality.
2009 Alaska State Statutes relating to Air Quality 3 of 46

Correct as posted on http://www.legis.state.ak.us/basis/folio.asp as of July 1, 2010

(c) The department may adopt regulations that prescribe reasonable fees to cover the direct 

and indirect costs of air quality permit programs under AS 46.14 and may establish procedures 

for the collection of those fees.

(d) Notwithstanding (a) of this section, the department may not charge a fee for inspection, 

permit preparation and administration, plan review and approval, or other services provided by 

the department under AS 03.05 or AS 44.46.020 (5) to a school. In this subsection, "school" 

means a public school or private school for children of school age, as defined in AS 14.03.070 , 

or a head start center that receives federal financial assistance under 42 U.S.C. 9835.

(e) In (a)(9) and (10) of this section, "reasonable fee" means a fee that does not unduly 

interfere in the conduct of commerce in the state.
2009 Alaska State Statutes relating to Air Quality 4 of 46

Correct as posted on http://www.legis.state.ak.us/basis/folio.asp as of July 1, 2010

Title 46. WATER, AIR, ENERGY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

Chapter 46.03. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

Article 01. DECLARATION OF POLICY

Sec. 46.03.010. Declaration of policy.

(a) It is the policy of the state to conserve, improve, and protect its natural resources and 

environment and control water, land, and air pollution, in order to enhance the health, safety, and 

welfare of the people of the state and their overall economic and social well-being.

(b) It is the policy of the state to improve and coordinate the environmental plans, functions, 

powers, and programs of the state, in cooperation with the federal government, regions, local 

governments, other public and private organizations, and concerned individuals, and to develop 

and manage the basic resources of water, land, and air to the end that the state may fulfill its 

responsibility as trustee of the environment for the present and future generations.

Article 02. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

Sec. 46.03.020. Powers of the department.

The department may

(1) enter into contracts and compliance agreements necessary or convenient to carry out the 

functions, powers, and duties of the department;

(2) review and appraise programs and activities of state departments and agencies in light of 

the policy set out in AS 46.03.010 for the purpose of determining the extent to which the 

programs and activities are contributing to the achievement of that policy and to make 

recommendations to the departments and agencies, including environmental guidelines;

(3) consult with and cooperate with

(A) officials and representatives of any nonprofit corporation or organization in the state;

(B) persons, organizations, and groups, public and private, using, served by, interested in, or 

concerned with the environment of the state;

(4) appear and participate in proceedings before any state or federal regulatory agency 

involving or affecting the purposes of the department;

(5) undertake studies, inquiries, surveys, or analyses it may consider essential to the 

accomplishment of the purposes of the department; these activities may be carried out by the 

personnel of the department or in cooperation with public or private agencies, including 

educational, civic, and research organizations, colleges, universities, institutes, and foundations;
2009 Alaska State Statutes relating to Air Quality 5 of 46

Correct as posted on http://www.legis.state.ak.us/basis/folio.asp as of July 1, 2010

(6) at reasonable times, enter and inspect with the consent of the owner or occupier any 

property or premises to investigate either actual or suspected sources of pollution or 

contamination or to ascertain compliance or noncompliance with a regulation that may be 

adopted under AS 46.03.020 - 46.03.040; information relating to secret processes or methods of 

manufacture discovered during investigation is confidential;

(7) conduct investigations and hold hearings and compel the attendance of witnesses and the 

production of accounts, books, and documents by the issuance of a subpoena;

(8) advise and cooperate with municipal, regional, and other local agencies and officials in 

the state, to carry out the purposes of this chapter;

(9) act as the official agency of the state in all matters affecting the purposes of the 

department under federal laws now or hereafter enacted;

(10) adopt regulations necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter, including, by way 

of example and not limitation, regulations providing for

(A) control, prevention, and abatement of air, water, or land or subsurface land pollution;

(B) safeguard standards for petroleum and natural gas pipeline construction, operation, 

modification, or alteration;

(C) protection of public water supplies by establishing minimum drinking water standards, 

and standards for the construction, improvement, and maintenance of public water supply 

systems;

(D) collection and disposal of sewage and industrial waste;

(E) collection and disposal of garbage, refuse, and other discarded solid materials from 

industrial, commercial, agricultural, and community activities or operations;

(F) control of pesticides;

(G) other purposes as may be required for the implementation of the policy declared in AS 

46.03.010 ;

(H) handling, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous wastes;

(11) inspect the premises of sellers and suppliers of paint, vessels, and marine and boating 

supplies, and take other actions necessary to enforce AS 46.03.715 ;

(12) notwithstanding any other provision of law, take all actions necessary to receive 

authorization from the administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency to 

administer and enforce a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System program in 
2009 Alaska State Statutes relating to Air Quality 6 of 46

Correct as posted on http://www.legis.state.ak.us/basis/folio.asp as of July 1, 2010

accordance with 33 U.S.C. 1342 (sec. 402, Clean Water Act), 33 U.S.C. 1345 (sec. 405, Clean 

Water Act), 40 C.F.R. Part 123, and 40 C.F.R. Part 403, as amended;

(13) require the owner or operator of a facility to undertake monitoring, sampling, and 

reporting activities described in 33 U.S.C. 1318 (sec. 308, Clean Water Act).

...

Sec. 46.03.024. Consideration in adopting pollution regulations.

Notwithstanding another provision of law to the contrary, when adopting a regulation relating to 

the control, prevention, and abatement of air, water, or land or subsurface land pollution, the 

department shall give special attention to public comments concerning the cost of compliance 

with the regulation and to alternate practical methods of complying with the statute being 

interpreted or implemented by the regulation.

...

Sec. 46.03.760. Civil action for pollution; damages.

(a) A person who violates or causes or permits to be violated a provision of this chapter 

other than AS 46.03.250 - 46.03.313, or a provision of AS 46.04 or AS 46.09, or a regulation, a 

lawful order of the department, or a permit, approval, or acceptance, or term or condition of a 

permit, approval, or acceptance issued under this chapter or AS 46.04 or AS 46.09 is liable, in a 

civil action, to the state for a sum to be assessed by the court of not less than $500 nor more than 

$100,000 for the initial violation, nor more than $5,000 for each day after that on which the 

violation continues, and that shall reflect, when applicable,

(1) reasonable compensation in the nature of liquidated damages for any adverse 

environmental effects caused by the violation, which shall be determined by the court according 

to the toxicity, degradability, and dispersal characteristics of the substance discharged, the 

sensitivity of the receiving environment, and the degree to which the discharge degrades existing 

environmental quality;

(2) reasonable costs incurred by the state in detection, investigation, and attempted 

correction of the violation;

(3) the economic savings realized by the person in not complying with the requirement for 

which a violation is charged.

(b) Except as determined by the court under (e)(4) of this section, actions under this section 

may not be used for punitive purposes, and sums assessed by the court must be compensatory 

and remedial in nature.

(c) The court, upon motion of the department or upon its own motion, may defer assessment 

of all or part of that portion of the sum imposed upon a person under (a)(3) of this section 
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conditioned upon the person complying, within the shortest feasible time, with the requirement 

for which a violation is shown.

(d) In addition to liability under (a) - (c) of this section, a person who violates or causes or 

permits to be violated a provision of AS 46.03.740 - 46.03.750 is liable to the state, in a civil 

action brought under AS 46.03.822 , for the full amount of actual damages caused to the state by 

the violation, including

(1) direct and indirect costs associated with the abatement, containment, or removal of the 

pollutant;

(2) restoration of the environment to its former state;

(3) amounts paid as grants under AS 29.60.510 - 29.60.599 and as emergency first response 

advances and reimbursements under AS 46.08.070(c); and

(4) all incidental administrative costs.

(e) A person who violates or causes or permits to be violated a provision of AS 46.03.250 -

46.03.313, 46.03.460 - 46.03.475, AS 46.14, or a regulation, a lawful order of the department, or 

a permit, approval, or acceptance, or term or condition of a permit, approval, or acceptance 

issued under AS 46.03.250 - 46.03.313, 46.03.460 - 46.03.475, AS 46.14, or under the program 

authorized by AS 46.03.020(12), is liable, in a civil action, to the state for a sum to be assessed 

by the court of not less than $500 nor more than $100,000 for the initial violation, nor more than 

$10,000 for each day after that on which the violation continues, and that shall reflect, when 

applicable,

(1) reasonable compensation in the nature of liquidated damages for any adverse 

environmental effects caused by the violation, that shall be determined by the court according to 

the toxicity, degradability and dispersal characteristics of the substance discharged, the 

sensitivity of the receiving environment, and the degree to which the discharge degrades existing 

environmental quality; for a violation relating to AS 46.14, the court, in making its determination 

under this paragraph, shall also consider the degree to which the discharge causes harm to 

persons or property; for a violation of AS 46.03.463 , the court, in making its determination 

under this paragraph, shall also consider the volume of the graywater, sewage, or other 

wastewater discharged; this paragraph may not be construed to limit the right of parties other 

than the state to recover for personal injuries or damage to their property;

(2) reasonable costs incurred by the state in detection, investigation, and attempted 

correction of the violation;

(3) the economic savings realized by the person in not complying with the requirement for 

which a violation is charged; and

(4) the need for an enhanced civil penalty to deter future noncompliance.
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(f) An owner, agent, employee, or operator of a commercial passenger vessel, as defined in 

AS 43.52.295 , who falsifies a registration or report required by AS 46.03.460 or 46.03.475 or 

who violates or causes or permits to be violated a provision of AS 46.03.250 - 46.03.314, 

46.03.460 - 46.03.490, AS 46.14, or a regulation, a lawful order of the department, or a permit, 

approval, or acceptance, or term or condition of a permit, approval, or acceptance issued under 

AS 46.03.250 - 46.03.314, 46.03.460 - 46.03.490, or AS 46.14 is liable, in a civil action, to the 

state for a sum to be assessed by the court of not less than $5,000 nor more than $100,000 for the 

initial violation, nor more than $10,000 for each day after that on which the violation continues, 

and that shall reflect, when applicable,

(1) reasonable compensation in the nature of liquidated damages for any adverse 

environmental effects caused by the violation, that shall be determined by the court according to 

the toxicity, degradability, and dispersal characteristics of the substance discharged, the 

sensitivity of the receiving environment, and the degree to which the discharge degrades existing 

environmental quality; for a violation relating to AS 46.14, the court, in making its determination 

under this paragraph, shall also consider the degree to which the discharge causes harm to 

persons or property; this paragraph may not be construed to limit the right of parties other than 

the state to recover for personal injuries or damage to their property;

(2) reasonable costs incurred by the state in detection, investigation, and attempted 

correction of the violation;

(3) the economic savings realized by the person in not complying with the requirement for 

which a violation is charged; and

(4) the need for an enhanced civil penalty to deter future noncompliance.

(g) As used in this section, "economic savings" means that sum which a person would be 

required to expend for the planning, acquisition, siting, construction, installation and operation of 

facilities necessary to effect compliance with the standard violated.

Sec. 46.03.761. Administrative penalties.

(a) The department may assess an administrative penalty against an entity that violates or 

causes or permits to be violated a provision of AS 46.03.720 (b) or a term or condition of a 

regulation, order, permit, approval, or certificate of the department issued or adopted under AS 

46.03.720 (b).

(b) Before assessing an administrative penalty under this section, the department shall

(1) communicate about the alleged noncompliance with the entity and the governing body of 

the community or municipality whose residents are served by the public water system; 

communication under this paragraph must be in language designed to be easily understood by the 

entity and governing body and must clearly describe the nature of the alleged noncompliance;
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(2) offer technical assistance to aid in correcting the alleged noncompliance when the 

department has reason to believe that the entity may lack the resources or expertise to get 

technical assistance from other sources; and

(3) unless the alleged noncompliance poses an immediate threat to the public health, give 

the entity a reasonable amount of time to correct the alleged noncompliance after the department 

has complied with (1) and (2) of this subsection.

(c) If, after complying with (b) of this section, the department determines that 

noncompliance still exists and the violation is subject to a penalty under this section, the 

department may make a preliminary determination to assess the penalty. The department shall 

provide notice to the entity of its preliminary determination. The entity may, within 10 days after 

receiving the notice, request the department to reconsider its decision. If a timely request for 

reconsideration is made, the department shall reconsider its preliminary determination and may 

affirm or modify the determination. The department shall notify the entity of the decision. If a 

timely request for reconsideration is not received or if, after reconsideration, the department 

determines that a penalty should be assessed, the department may assess the penalty. The 

department shall provide notice of the assessment and instructions for contesting and appealing 

the assessment to the entity by personal service or by certified mail, return receipt requested. The 

notice must inform the entity of the amount of the proposed penalty and that the entity has 45 

days within which to file a notice with the department contesting the proposed penalty. If, within 

45 days after receiving the notification issued by the department, the entity fails to file a notice 

contesting the proposed penalty, the proposed penalty is considered a final order. The department 

may extend the time periods specified in this subsection for good cause.

(d) If an entity sends notice to the department contesting a proposed penalty under (c) of this 

section, the department shall afford an opportunity for a hearing in accordance with its 

adjudicatory hearing procedures. After an opportunity for a hearing, the department shall issue 

an order, based upon findings of fact, affirming, modifying, or rescinding the administrative 

penalty. The order must include notice that the entity may appeal the order to the superior court 

and the address of the appropriate superior court. The order is the final agency action on the 

penalty.

(e) An entity against whom an administrative penalty is assessed under this section may 

obtain judicial review of the administrative penalty by filing a notice of appeal in the superior 

court as provided by the Alaska Rules of Appellate Procedure. An order of the department under 

(d) of this section becomes final and is not subject to review by a court if a notice of appeal is not 

filed with the superior court within the period provided for by the Alaska Rules of Appellate 

Procedure.

(f) Unless the notice of appeal is incomplete or otherwise not in conformance with court 

rules, a notice of appeal under (e) of this section is considered to be filed with the superior court 

on the day the entity delivers the appropriate documents and fee to the appropriate superior court. 

Determining whether the notice of appeal is complete and otherwise in conformance with court 

rules is the responsibility of the superior court.
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(g) An administrative penalty assessed under this section may not exceed (1) $1,000 a day 

for each violation if the affected public water supply system serves a population of more than 

10,000 persons; (2) $250 a day for each violation if the affected public water supply system 

serves a population of 10,000 or fewer persons but more than 1,000 persons; and (3) $100 a day 

for each violation if the public water supply system serves 1,000 or fewer persons. Each 

provision, term, or condition violated is a separate and distinct violation. If a violation of a 

provision, term, or condition continues from day to day, each day is a separate violation.

(h) In determining the amount of a penalty assessed under this section, the department shall 

consider

(1) the effect of the violation on the public health or the environment;

(2) reasonable costs incurred by the state in the detection, investigation, and attempted 

correction of the violation;

(3) the economic savings realized by the entity by not complying with the requirement for 

which a violation is charged;

(4) any previous history of compliance or noncompliance by the entity with this chapter, AS 

46.04, AS 46.09, and AS 46.14;

(5) the need to deter future violations;

(6) the extent and seriousness of the violation, including the potential for the violation to 

threaten public health or the environment;

(7) whether the entity achieved compliance with the requirement violated within the shortest 

feasible time; and

(8) other factors considered relevant to the assessment that are adopted by the department in 

regulation.

(i) If an entity fails to pay an administrative penalty assessed under this section after the 

penalty becomes final, the department may bring an action to collect the penalty. The amount of 

the penalty is not subject to review by the court in such an action.

(j) In a collection action under (i) of this section, the court shall award the prevailing party 

full reasonable attorney fees and costs incurred in the collection action.

(k) Action under this section by the department does not limit or otherwise affect the 

authority of the department to otherwise enforce this chapter, AS 46.04, AS 46.08, AS 46.09, AS 

46.14, or regulations adopted under those statutes, or to recover damages, restoration expenses, 

investigation costs, court costs, attorney fees, or other necessary expenses. The court shall set off 

against a judicial civil assessment subsequently awarded under AS 46.03.760 an amount ordered 

to be paid under this section by the same entity for the same violation.
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(l) In this section, "entity" means the owner or operator of a public water system.

...

Sec. 46.03.765. Injunctions.

The superior court has jurisdiction to enjoin a violation of this chapter, AS 46.04, AS 46.09, AS 

46.14, or of a regulation, a lawful order of the department, or permit, approval, or acceptance, or 

term or condition of a permit, approval, or acceptance issued under this chapter, AS 46.04, AS 

46.09, or AS 46.14. In actions brought under this section, temporary or preliminary relief may be 

obtained upon a showing of an imminent threat of continued violation, and probable success on 

the merits, without the necessity of demonstrating physical irreparable harm. The balance of 

equities in actions under this section may affect the timing of compliance, but not the necessity 

of compliance within a reasonable period of time.

...

Sec. 46.03.780. Liability for restoration.

(a) A person who violates a provision of this chapter, AS 46.04, AS 46.09, or AS 46.14, or 

who fails to perform a duty imposed by this chapter, AS 46.04, AS 46.09, or AS 46.14, or 

violates or disregards an order, permit, or other determination of the department made under the 

provisions of this chapter, AS 46.04, AS 46.09, or AS 46.14, respectively, and thereby causes the 

death of fish, animals, or vegetation or otherwise injures or degrades the environment of the state 

is liable to the state for damages.

(b) Liability for damages under (a) of this section includes an amount equal to the sum of 

money required to restock injured land or waters, to replenish a damaged or degraded resource, 

or to otherwise restore the environment of the state to its condition before the injury.

(c) Damages under (a) of this section shall be recovered by the attorney general on behalf of 

the state.

Sec. 46.03.790. Criminal penalties.

(a) Except as provided in (d) of this section, a person is guilty of a class A misdemeanor if 

the person with criminal negligence

(1) violates a provision of this chapter, AS 46.04, AS 46.09, or AS 46.14, a regulation or 

order of the department, or a permit, approval, or acceptance, or a term or condition of a permit, 

approval, or acceptance issued under this chapter, AS 46.04, AS 46.09, or AS 46.14;

(2) fails to provide information or provides false information required by AS 46.03.465 , 

46.03.475, 46.03.755, AS 46.04, or AS 46.09, or by a regulation adopted by the department 

under AS 46.03.020 (12), 46.03.460, 46.03.755, AS 46.04, or AS 46.09;
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(3) makes a false statement or representation in an application, label, manifest, record, 

report, permit, or other document filed, maintained, or used for purposes of compliance with AS 

46.03.250 - 46.03.313 applicable to hazardous wastes or a regulation adopted by the department 

under AS 46.03.250 - 46.03.313;

(4) makes a false statement, representation, or certification in an application, notice, record, 

report, permit, or other document filed, maintained, or used for purposes of compliance with AS 

46.03.460 - 46.03.475, AS 46.14, or a regulation adopted under AS 46.03.020 (12), 46.03.460, or 

AS 46.14; or

(5) renders inaccurate a monitoring device or method required to be maintained under AS 

46.14, a regulation adopted under AS 46.03.020 (12) or AS 46.14, a permit issued by the 

department or a local air quality control program under AS 46.14, or a permit issued by the 

department under the program authorized by AS 46.03.020 (12).

(b) [Repealed, Sec. 5 ch 141 SLA 1990]. 

(c) Each day on which a violation described in this section occurs is considered a separate 

violation.

(d) Notwithstanding (a) of this section, a person who with criminal negligence discharges oil 

in violation of AS 46.03.740 or who, when required by an oil discharge to comply with the

provisions of an oil discharge contingency plan approved under AS 46.04.030 , with criminal 

negligence fails to comply with the plan is guilty of

(1) a class C felony if the oil discharge is 10,000 barrels or more;

(2) a class A misdemeanor if the oil discharge is less than 10,000 barrels.

(e) [Repealed, Sec. 5 ch 141 SLA 1990]. 

(f) [Repealed, Sec. 5 ch 141 SLA 1990]. 

(g) Notwithstanding AS 12.55.035 (b), upon conviction of a violation of a regulation 

adopted under AS 46.03.020 (12) or of a violation related to AS 46.14 and described in (a) of 

this section, a defendant who is not an organization may be sentenced to pay a fine of not more 

than $10,000 for each separate violation.

(h) Notwithstanding (a) and (d) of this section, a person is guilty of a class A misdemeanor 

if the person negligently

(1) violates a regulation adopted by the department under AS 46.03.020(12);

(2) violates a permit issued under the program authorized by AS 46.03.020(12);
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(3) fails to provide information or provides false information required by a regulation 

adopted under AS 46.03.020 (12);

(4) makes a false statement, representation, or certification in an application, notice, record, 

report, permit, or other document filed, maintained, or used for purposes of compliance with a 

permit issued under or a regulation adopted under AS 46.03.020 (12); or

(5) renders inaccurate a monitoring device or method required to be maintained by a permit 

issued under or a regulation adopted under AS 46.03.020(12).

(i) In this section,

(1) "barrel" has the meaning given in AS 46.04.900 ;

(2) "criminal negligence" has the meaning given in AS 11.81.900 .

...

Sec. 46.03.850. Compliance order.

(a) When, in the opinion of the department, a person is violating or is about to violate a 

provision of this chapter, AS 46.04, or AS 46.14, or a regulation or lawful order of the 

department, or a permit or certificate, or a term or condition of a permit or certificate issued by 

the department under this chapter, AS 46.04, AS 46.14, the department may notify the person of 

its determination by personal service or certified mail. The determination and notice do not 

constitute an order under AS 46.03.820 .

(b) The recipient of the determination shall file with the department, within the time period 

specified in the notice, a report stating what measures have been and are being taken, or are 

proposed to be taken, to correct or control the conditions outlined in the notice.

(c) After the report is filed under (b) of this section or the time period specified for it has 

elapsed, the department may issue a compliance order in conformity with the authority of the 

department and the public policy declared in AS 46.03.010 . A copy of the compliance order 

shall be served personally or sent by certified mail to the person affected. A compliance order is 

effective upon receipt.

(d) Within 30 days after receipt the recipient may request a hearing to review the 

compliance order. Failure to request a hearing within 30 days after the receipt of a compliance 

order constitutes a waiver of the recipient's right of review.

(e) The department shall hold a hearing within 20 days after receipt of a request for one 

under (d) of this section. After the hearing the department may rescind, modify, or affirm the 

compliance order.

(f) The attorney general shall seek enforcement of a compliance order.
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Article 10. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec. 46.03.860. Inspection warrant.

The department may seek search warrants for the purpose of investigating actual or suspected 

sources of pollution or contamination or to ascertain compliance or noncompliance with AS 

46.14 or this chapter or a regulation adopted under AS 46.14 or this chapter.

...

Sec. 46.03.875. Remedies cumulative.

All remedies provided by this chapter, AS 46.04, or AS 46.14 are cumulative, and the securing 

of relief, whether injunctive, civil, or criminal, under a section of this chapter, AS 46.04, or AS 

46.14 does not stop the state from obtaining relief under any other section of this chapter, AS 

46.04, or AS 46.14.

Sec. 46.03.880. Applicability of the Administrative Procedure Act.

(a) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this chapter, AS 44.62 (Administrative 

Procedure Act) governs the activities and the proceedings of the department.

(b) Notwithstanding AS 44.62.330 (a)(28), adjudicatory hearing procedures to review permit 

decisions under this chapter need not conform to AS 44.62.330 - 44.62.630 (Administrative 

Procedure Act).

Sec. 46.03.890. Enforcement authority.

(a) The following persons are authorized to enforce this chapter:

(1) a state employee authorized by the commissioner;

(2) a police officer of the state.

(b) Inspection and enforcement employees of the department designated by the 

commissioner are peace officers in the performance of their duties under this chapter, AS 46.04, 

AS 46.09, and AS 46.14.

Sec. 46.03.900. Definitions.

In this chapter,

(1) "air contaminant" means dust, fumes, mist, smoke, other particulate matter, vapor, gas, 

odorous substances or a combination of these;
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(2) "air pollution" means the presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more air 

contaminants in quantities and duration that tend to be injurious to human health or welfare, 

animal or plant life or property or would unreasonably interfere with the enjoyment of life or 

property;

(3) "broadcast chemicals" means chemical substances which are released into the air or onto 

land or water for the purpose of preventing, destroying, repelling, stimulating, or retarding plant 

or animal life, or chemical substances released for meteorological control, oil spill control, or fire 

control;

(4) "commissioner" means the commissioner of environmental conservation;

(5) "compliance agreement" means a mutual understanding and voluntary, enforceable 

agreement on a course of action for a specific set of circumstances entered into by the 

department and a person to control, prevent, or abate air, water, land, or subsurface land 

pollution;

(6) "department" means the Department of Environmental Conservation;

(7) "dispose" has the meaning given "disposal" in 42 U.S.C. 6903(3);

(8) "facility" means any offshore or onshore structure, improvement, vessel, vehicle, land, 

enterprise, or endeavor;

(9) "hazardous waste" means a waste or combination of wastes that because of quantity, 

concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics may

(A) cause, or significantly contribute to, an increase in mortality or an increase in serious 

irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness; or

(B) pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when 

improperly managed, treated, stored, transported, or disposed of;

(10) "hazardous waste reduction" means decreasing, avoiding, or eliminating wastes that are 

hazardous to human health or the environment through source reduction or recycling; the term 

does not include hazardous waste treatment or hazardous waste disposal;

(11) "industrial waste" means a liquid, gaseous, solid, or other waste substance or a 

combination of them resulting from process of industry, manufacturing trade or business, or from 

the development of natural resources; however, gravel, sand, mud, or earth taken from its 

original situs and put through sluice boxes, dredges, or other devices for the washing and 

recovery of the precious metal contained in them and redeposited in the same watershed from 

which it came is not industrial waste;

(12) "low level radioactive materials" means a radioactive waste other than
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(A) used nuclear reactor fuel;

(B) waste produced during the reprocessing of used nuclear reactor fuel; and

(C) elements having an atomic number greater than 92 and containing 10 or more 

nanocuries per gram;

(13) "manifest" means the form used for identifying the quantity, composition, origin, 

routing, and destination of a hazardous waste when the hazardous waste is transported;

(14) "mining waste" means solid waste from the extraction, beneficiation, and processing of 

ores and minerals, including coal, and including phosphate rock and overburden from the mining 

of uranium ore;

(15) "motor vehicle" has the meaning given in AS 28.90.990 ;

(16) "municipal solid waste" means waste material

(A) generated by a household, including a single-family or multi-family residence, and 

collected and disposed of as part of municipal solid waste collection services; or

(B) generated by a commercial, industrial, or institutional entity, to the extent that the waste 

material

(i) is essentially the same as waste normally generated by a household;

(ii) is collected and disposed of with other municipal solid waste as part of normal 

municipal solid waste collection services; and

(iii) contains a relative quantity of hazardous substances not greater than the relative 

quantity of hazardous substances contained in waste material generated by a typical singlefamily household;

(17) "other wastes" means garbage, refuse, decayed wood, sawdust, shavings, bark, 

trimmings from logging operations, sand, lime cinders, ashes, offal, oil, tar, dyestuffs, acids, 

chemicals, heat from cooling or other operations, and other substances not sewage or industrial 

waste which may cause or tend to cause pollution of the waters of the state;

(18) "person" means any individual, public or private corporation, political subdivision, 

government agency, municipality, industry, copartnership, association, firm, trust, estate, or any 

other entity whatsoever;

(19) "pesticide" means any chemical or biological agent intended for preventing, destroying, 

repelling, or mitigating plant or animal life and any substance intended for use as a plant 

regulator, defoliant or desiccant, including but not limited to insecticides, fungicides, 

rodenticides, herbicides, nematocides, and biocides;
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(20) "pollution" means the contamination or altering of waters, land, or subsurface land of 

the state in a manner which creates a nuisance or makes waters, land, or subsurface land unclean, 

or noxious, or impure, or unfit so that they are actually or potentially harmful or detrimental or 

injurious to public health, safety, or welfare, to domestic, commercial, industrial, or recreational 

use, or to livestock, wild animals, bird, fish, or other aquatic life;

(21) "resource recovery" means the recovery of materials or energy from solid wastes for 

industrial use, agriculture, heat production, power production, or other processes or purposes and 

includes the reuse of materials or products to conserve natural resources;

(22) "restricted-use pesticides" means pesticides that are classified for restricted use under 7 

U.S.C. 136a(d)(1)(C) (sec. 3(d)(1)(C), Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act), as 

amended;

(23) "service" means a function performed or service provided by the state or by a 

municipality under a duty or power authorized by AS 29 or other provision of law authorizing a 

municipality to perform functions or provide services, or a comparable function performed or 

service provided by a village; "service" includes functions not previously performed and services 

not previously provided;

(24) "sewage" means the water-carried human or animal wastes from residences, buildings, 

industrial establishments, or other places, together with ground water infiltration and surface 

water as may be present; the admixture with sewage of industrial wastes or other wastes is 

"sewage";

(25) "sewer system" or "sewerage system" means pipelines or conduits, pumping stations, 

and force mains, and all other appurtenant constructions, devices, and appliances used for 

conducting sewage, industrial waste, or other wastes to a point of ultimate disposal;

(26) "solid waste" means garbage, refuse, abandoned, or other discarded solid or semi-solid 

material, regardless of whether subject to decomposition, originating from any source;

(27) "solid waste disposal facility" means a facility for the discharge, deposit, injection, 

consolidation, or placement of solid waste into or onto the land and includes transfer stations and 

sanitary landfills;

(28) "solid waste processing facility" means a facility for the extraction of materials from 

solid waste, volume reduction, conversion to energy, or other separation and preparation of solid 

waste for reuse or disposal and includes incinerators, shredders, balers, and transfer stations;

(29) "standard" means the measure of purity or quality for air, water, and land in relation to 

their reasonable and necessary use as established by the department;

(30) "storage" means the containment of hazardous waste, either on a temporary basis or for 

a period of years, in a manner that does not constitute disposal of the hazardous waste;
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(31) "subdivision" has the meaning given in AS 40.15.900 ;

(32) "treat" has the meaning given "treatment" in 42 U.S.C. 6903(34);

(33) "treatment works" means a plant, disposal field, lagoon, pumping station, constructed 

drainage ditch or surface water intercepting ditch, incinerator, area devoted to sanitary land fills, 

or other works installed for the purpose of treating, neutralizing, stabilizing, or disposing of 

sewage, industrial waste, or other wastes;

(34) "village" means a place within the unorganized borough or within a borough as to a 

power, function, or service that is not exercised or provided by the borough on an areawide or 

nonareawide basis that

(A) has irrevocably waived, in a form approved by the Department of Law, any claim of 

sovereign immunity that might arise under this chapter; and

(B) has

(i) a council organized under 25 U.S.C. 476 (sec. 16 of the Indian Reorganization Act);

(ii) a traditional village council recognized by the United States as eligible for federal aid to 

Indians; or

(iii) a council recognized by the commissioner of commerce, community, and economic 

development under regulations adopted by the Department of Commerce, Community, and 

Economic Development to determine and give official recognition of village entities under AS 

44.33.755(b);

(35) "waste associated with the exploration, development, or production of crude oil, natural 

gas, or geothermal energy" means (A) waste, including drilling muds, cuttings, hydrocarbons, 

brine, acid, sand, and emulsions or mixtures of fluids produced from and unique to the operation 

or maintenance of a well, whether naturally occurring or added for the operation or productivity 

of the well; and (B) waste that is derived intrinsically from primary field operations; "waste 

associated with the exploration, development, or production of crude oil, natural gas, or 

geothermal energy" does not include spent solvents and oils from equipment maintenance 

activities, discarded chemical products, or fuels;

(36) "waste derived intrinsically from primary field operations" means waste produced from 

a well, and removed

(A) at the drill site; or

(B) at crude oil production facilities by crude oil or wastewater treatment process before 

custody transfer of the crude oil;
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(37) "waters" includes lakes, bays, sounds, ponds, impounding reservoirs, springs, wells, 

rivers, streams, creeks, estuaries, marshes, inlets, straits, passages, canals, the Pacific Ocean, 

Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea, and Arctic Ocean, in the territorial limits of the state, and all other 

bodies of surface or underground water, natural or artificial, public or private, inland or coastal, 

fresh or salt, which are wholly or partially in or bordering the state or under the jurisdiction of 

the state.
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Chapter 46.14. AIR QUALITY CONTROL

Article 01. GENERAL REGULATIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS

Sec. 46.14.010. Emission control regulations.

(a) After public hearing, the department may adopt regulations under this chapter 

establishing ambient air quality standards, emission standards, or exemptions to implement a 

state air quality control program required under 42 U.S.C. 7401 - 7671q (Clean Air Act), as 

amended, and regulations adopted under those sections. The standards established under this 

section may be for the state as a whole or may vary in recognition of local conditions.

(b) Unless the governor has determined that an emergency exists that requires emergency 

regulations under AS 44.62.250 , the department may adopt the following types of regulations 

only after the procedures established in (a), (c), and (d) of this section and compliance with AS 

46.14.015:

(1) a regulation that establishes an ambient air quality standard for an air pollutant for which 

there is no corresponding federal standard;

(2) a regulation that establishes an ambient air quality standard or emission standard that is 

more stringent than a corresponding federal standard;

(3) a regulation that establishes an equivalent emission limitation for a hazardous air 

pollutant for which the federal administrator has not adopted a corresponding maximum 

achievable control technology standard; or

(4) a regulation that regulates emissions from an emissions unit or stationary source or 

establishes an emission standard under the authority of AS 46.14.120 (e) or 46.14.130(c)(2).

(c) In preparation for peer review under AS 46.14.015 and before adopting a regulation 

described under (b) of this section, the department shall

(1) find in writing that exposure profiles and either meteorological conditions or emissions 

unit characteristics in the state or in an area of the state reasonably require the ambient air quality 

standard, or emission standard to protect human health and welfare or the environment; this 

paragraph does not apply to a regulation under (b)(3) of this section;

(2) find in writing that the proposed standard or emission limitation is technologically 

feasible; and

(3) prepare a written analysis of the economic feasibility of the proposal.

(d) Before adopting a regulation described in (b)(2) of this section, the department shall find 

in writing that exposure profiles and either meteorological conditions or emissions unit 

characteristics are significantly different in the state or in an area of the state from those upon 

which the corresponding federal regulation is based.
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(e) When incorporated into more than one permit, emission standards and limitations, 

emissions monitoring and reporting requirements, and compliance verification requirements that 

are generally applicable statewide or are generally applicable to individual emissions unit or 

stationary source types shall be adopted in regulation unless they have been requested by the 

owner and operator to whom the permit is issued. The department shall, by regulation, adopt a 

standard, limitation, or requirement described in this subsection as soon as its general 

applicability is reasonably foreseeable.

(f) An emission standard adopted by the department may be applicable to individual 

emissions units within a stationary source or to all emissions units within a stationary source. For 

purposes of determining compliance with applicable regulations and with permit limitations, the 

department may allow numerical averaging of the emissions of each air pollutant from several 

emissions units within a stationary source if

(1) requested by the owner and operator; and

(2) allowed under 42 U.S.C. 7401 - 7671q (Clean Air Act), as amended, and regulations 

adopted under those sections.

Sec. 46.14.015. Special procedure for more stringent regulations.

(a) Before the department adopts a regulation described under AS 46.14.010(b), written 

findings under AS 46.14.010 (c) and (d) shall be made available by the department to the public 

at locations throughout the state that the department considers appropriate.

(b) Before the department adopts a regulation described in AS 46.14.010(b), the department 

shall submit the findings described under (a) of this section, the studies on which the findings are 

based, and other related data for peer review to a minimum of three separate parties who are not 

employees of the department and who are determined by the commissioner to be technically 

qualified in the subject matter under review. The commissioner shall ensure that the peer review 

includes an analysis of the factors considered by the commissioner to support the standards 

proposed to be adopted and recommendations, if any, for additional research or investigation 

considered appropriate. Peer review reports shall be submitted to the commissioner within 45 

days after the department submits a matter for peer review unless the commissioner determines 

that additional time is required.

(c) The department shall make available to the public at least 30 days before the public 

hearing required under AS 46.14.010 (a), at convenient locations, copies of the department's 

proposed regulation, the findings of the department describing the basis for adoption of the 

regulation, and the peer review reports, submitted under (b) of this section.

(d) The department shall contract with persons to perform peer review under (b) of this 

section. All persons selected shall be selected on the basis of competitive sealed proposals under 

AS 36.30.200 - 36.30.270 (State Procurement Code). The commissioner may not contract with a 

person to perform peer review under this section if the person has a significant financial interest 

or other significant interest that could bias evaluation of the proposed regulation. An interest is 
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not considered significant under this subsection if it is an interest possessed generally by the 

public or a large class of persons or if the effect of the interest on the person's ability to be 

impartial is only conjectural.

Sec. 46.14.020. Classification of stationary sources or emissions units; reporting.

(a) The department, by regulation, may classify stationary sources or emissions units that, in 

the department's determination, are likely to cause or contribute to air pollution, according to the 

levels and types of emissions and other characteristics that relate to air quality. The department 

may make a classification under this subsection applicable to the state as a whole or to a 

designated area of the state. The department shall base the classifications on consideration of 

health, economic, and social factors, sensitivity of the receiving environment, and physical 

effects on property.

(b) The department or a local air quality control program authorized under AS 46.14.400

may require an owner and operator of a stationary source or emissions unit classified under this 

section to report information to the department or the authorized local program concerning 

location, size, and height of stacks or area emissions units, processes employed, fuels used, the 

nature and time periods or duration of emissions, and other information relevant to air quality 

that is available or reasonably capable of being calculated and compiled.

Sec. 46.14.030. State air quality plan.

The department shall act for the state in any negotiations relative to the state air quality control 

plan developed under 42 U.S.C. 7401 - 7671q (Clean Air Act), as amended. The department may

adopt regulations necessary to implement the state plan.

Article 02. EMISSION CONTROL PERMIT PROGRAM

Sec. 46.14.110. Additional contaminant control measures. [Repealed, Sec. 28 ch 74 SLA 1993].

Repealed or Renumbered

Sec. 46.14.120. Permits for construction, installation, modification, or operation.

(a) Before constructing, installing, modifying, or establishing a stationary source subject to 

AS 46.14.130 (a), the owner and operator shall obtain a construction permit under this chapter.

(b) Except when considered to be in compliance with this chapter under AS 46.14.275 or 

under a regulation adopted under AS 46.14.140(a)(12), the owner and operator shall obtain an 

operating permit under this chapter before operating a stationary source subject to AS 46.14.130

(b).

(c) A permittee shall comply with the terms and conditions of a permit or a modifying 

compliance order issued by the department under this chapter or a court order. A person 
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operating under the application shield available under AS 46.14.140 (a)(12) and 46.14.275, shall 

comply with the terms and conditions of the pending application and applicable regulations.

(d) The department shall ensure that permits issued, modified, amended, renewed, or 

revoked and reissued under this chapter comply with all applicable federal, state, and local 

requirements.

(e) If the federal administrator exempts a stationary source from the requirements of 42 

U.S.C. 7661a(a) (Clean Air Act, sec. 502(a)), the commissioner shall consider the factors used 

by the administrator in reaching that determination and, by regulation, shall issue a similar 

determination unless public health or air quality effects provide a reasonable basis to regulate the 

stationary source.

(f) The department may exempt or defer a stationary source from the requirement of AS 

46.14.130 (b) to the extent allowed under 40 C.F.R. 70.3(b).

(g) Before constructing, installing, modifying, operating, or establishing a stationary source 

subject to AS 46.14.130 (c), the owner or operator shall obtain a minor permit under this chapter.

Sec. 46.14.130. Stationary sources requiring permits.

(a) The owner and operator shall obtain a construction permit from the department before 

beginning actual construction of any one of the following:

(1) a new major stationary source;

(2) a major modification;

(3) a project subject to the construction permitting requirements of 42 U.S.C. 7412(i) (Clean 

Air Act, sec. 112(i)).

(b) Except for the owner and operator of a stationary source exempted under AS 46.14.120

(e) or (f), the owner and operator of a stationary source shall obtain an operating permit from the 

department for

(1) a major source;

(2) a stationary source that contains an emissions unit subject to federal new source 

performance standards under 42 U.S.C. 7411 (Clean Air Act, sec. 111) or national emission 

standards for hazardous air pollutants issued under 42 U.S.C. 7412 (Clean Air Act, sec. 112); or

(3) another stationary source designated by the federal administrator by regulation.

(c) Unless the owner and operator of a stationary source are required to obtain a construction 

permit under (a) of this section, before constructing, installing, modifying, operating, or 
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establishing a stationary source, the owner and operator shall obtain a minor permit from the

department if the stationary source is of a type classified under AS 46.14.020

(1) as having the potential to violate the ambient air quality standards; or

(2) under a finding by the department that public health or air quality effects provide a 

reasonable basis to regulate the stationary source.

(d) In this section, "major source" has the meaning given in 42 U.S.C. 7661(2).

Sec. 46.14.140. Emission control permit program regulations.

(a) The department shall adopt regulations to address substantive and procedural elements of 

the emission control permit program established under this chapter that are not addressed in 

statute, except elements that relate only to the internal management of the department and do not 

affect the public or govern the way the department deals with the public. The regulations must be 

reasonable and adequate, and provide flexibility in the operation of a stationary source consistent 

with 42 U.S.C. 7401 - 7671q (Clean Air Act), as amended, and applicable federal regulations. 

Except for regulations concerning minor permits required under AS 46.14.130 (c), the 

regulations must include

(1) a standard permit application form that meets the requirements of federal regulations 

adopted under 42 U.S.C. 7661a(b) (Clean Air Act, sec. 502(b));

(2) monitoring, record keeping, and reporting requirements for facilities that are subject to 

AS 46.14.130 (b), which must comply with the requirements established for state operating 

permit programs in 40 C.F.R. 70.6, but which may be modified to take into account this state's 

unique conditions;

(3) procedures for preparation and submission of a monitoring, reporting, and quality 

assurance plan and, if required, a compliance schedule describing how a permitted stationary 

source will comply with the applicable requirements of this chapter;

(4) procedures for

(A) specifying when permit applications and renewal requests are to be submitted;

(B) specifying the time duration for department review of permit applications;

(C) processing and reviewing an application;

(D) providing public notice, including opportunity for public comment and hearing; and

(E) issuing permits, including procedures for issuing permits for temporary operations or 

open burn activities;
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(5) reasonable standard permit conditions, including conditions for

(A) emission standards and limitations;

(B) monitoring, record keeping, and reporting for facilities subject to AS 46.14.130 ;

(C) inspection and entry;

(D) certification of corporate or other business organization reports;

(E) annual certification of compliance;

(F) excess emission or process deviation reporting; and

(G) equipment malfunctions and emergencies;

(6) fees and procedures for collecting fees;

(7) provisions addressing late payment or nonpayment of fees, which may include 

assessment of penalties and interest or refusal to issue, amend, modify, or renew an air quality 

control permit;

(8) the duration of permits;

(9) procedures for modifying or amending a permit that provide flexibility in the operation 

of the stationary source, including procedures to allow changes to a permitted stationary source 

without requiring a permit modification, consistent with the purposes of this chapter and with 42 

U.S.C. 7401 - 7671q (Clean Air Act);

(10) reasonable provisions for renewing, reopening, revoking and reissuing, and terminating 

a permit consistent with the purposes of this chapter and 42 U.S.C. 7401 - 7671q (Clean Air 

Act);

(11) provisions allowing for physical or operational limitations that will reduce a stationary 

source's emissions to levels below those that would make the stationary source subject to part or 

all of AS 46.14.120 and 46.14.130;

(12) provisions authorizing stationary source operation while a permit application is 

pending, consistent with 42 U.S.C. 7661b(d) (Clean Air Act, sec. 503(d));

(13) provisions for ensuring that compliance with an operating permit issued under this 

chapter will be considered to be compliance with 42 U.S.C. 7661a (Clean Air Act, sec. 502) and 

other provisions of state or federal law specifically provided for by the department consistent 

with 42 U.S.C. 7401 - 7671q (Clean Air Act) and regulations adopted under state and federal 

law;
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(14) provisions allowing for certification of inspectors who evaluate compliance with the 

terms and conditions of a permit, order, regulation, or other provision of law authorized under 

this chapter; and

(15) definitions of terms incorporating applicable definitions in 42 U.S.C. 7401 - 7671q 

(Clean Air Act), as amended, and applicable federal regulations, to the extent that those 

definitions are not inconsistent with this chapter.

(b) A permit issued under this chapter may not require a person to use

(1) machinery, devices, or equipment of a particular type, from a particular supplier, or 

produced by a particular manufacturer; or

(2) specific methods, processes, procedures, or designs for the management and operation of 

a stationary source regulated under this chapter except to the extent that the federal administrator 

has

(A) adopted a design, equipment work practice, or operational standard under 42 U.S.C. 

7412(h), as amended, for the control of a hazardous air pollutant; or

(B) approved an alternative hazardous air pollutant standard under 42 U.S.C. 7412(h)(3), as 

amended.

(c) The absence of, or the department's failure to adopt, a regulation under this section does 

not relieve a person from compliance with a permit issued under this chapter and with other 

provisions of law, including emission control requirements.

Sec. 46.14.150. Time for submission of operating permit applications.

(a) The owner and operator of a stationary source required to have an operating permit under 

this chapter shall submit the required application and other information required by the 

department by regulation no later than 12 months after the date on which the stationary source 

becomes subject to AS 46.14.120 (b).

(b) The department may accept and begin processing applications filed earlier than the 

submission date. Applications filed earlier may be given priority for permit issuance.

Sec. 46.14.160. Completeness determination.

(a) The department shall review every application submitted under this chapter for 

completeness. To be determined complete, an application must provide the information 

identified by the department in regulations adopted under AS 46.14.140 and in standard 

application forms provided by the department under AS 46.14.140 (a)(1) and must be certified 

true and correct by the owner and operator.
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(b) The department shall notify the applicant in writing whether the application is complete. 

Unless the department notifies the applicant within 60 days of receipt of an application that the 

application is incomplete, the application is considered to be complete.

(c) If, during the processing of an application after it has been determined or considered to 

be complete, the department finds that additional information is necessary to evaluate or take 

action on that application, the information may be requested in writing from the owner and 

operator. A request for information under this subsection does not render the application 

incomplete. However, notwithstanding AS 46.14.275, an owner and operator may be found in 

violation of this chapter for operating without a valid permit if they fail to provide timely 

additional information.

Sec. 46.14.170. Administrative actions regarding permits.

(a) Except as provided in AS 46.14.220 or in regulations adopted under AS 46.14.140

(a)(7), after receipt of a complete application, and after notice and opportunity for public 

comment and hearing, the department shall issue or deny

(1) a construction permit within 30 days after the close of the public comment period;

(2) an operating permit, other than a general operating permit or temporary operating permit, 

within 12 months after receipt of the complete application by the department.

(b) [Repealed, Sec. 82 ch 41 SLA 2009]. 

(c) Failure by the department to act within the time limits established in or under (a) or (d) 

of this section is considered to be a final agency action, but only for the purpose of judicial 

review to determine whether the court will require that action be taken by the department.

(d) The department shall issue or deny a minor permit under AS 46.14.130(c) within 30 

days after the close of the public comment period or within 30 days after receipt of the complete 

application by the department if a public comment period is not required under this chapter.

Sec. 46.14.180. Monitoring.

Monitoring by the owner and operator of stack emissions or ambient air quality shall be required 

by the department only for purposes of demonstrating compliance with applicable permit 

program requirements. Monitoring requirements must be reasonable and based on test methods, 

analytical procedures, and statistical conventions approved by the federal administrator or the 

department or otherwise generally accepted as scientifically competent. Unless otherwise agreed 

to by the owner and operator and the department,

(1) the department may not require an owner and operator of an emissions unit to monitor 

emissions or ambient air quality solely for the purpose of scientific investigation or research; and
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(2) monitoring activities must be consistent with the applicable emission standards and their 

permit or permit application requirements.

Sec. 46.14.190. Single permit.

(a) Except as provided in (b) of this section, the department shall issue only a single 

operating permit to a stationary source, regardless of whether the stationary source contains a 

single emissions unit or multiple emissions units.

(b) The department may, upon request of a stationary source owner or operator, issue more 

than one permit for the stationary source. Substantive and procedural requirements otherwise 

applicable to a stationary source remain applicable regardless of whether the stationary source 

owner and operator apply for one or more permits.

Sec. 46.14.200. Review of permit action.

A person who has a private, substantive, legally protected interest under state law that may be 

adversely affected by the permit action, the owner and operator, or, if a public comment process 

is required or solicited, a person who participated in the public comment process may request an 

adjudicatory hearing under the department's adjudicatory hearing procedures. After the issuance 

of an adjudicatory hearing decision, a party to the hearing may obtain judicial review of that 

decision as provided in the Alaska Rules of Appellate Procedure.

Sec. 46.14.210. General operating permits.

After notice and opportunity for public comment and hearing, the department may, unless the 

permit is disapproved by the federal administrator, establish a general operating permit that 

would be applicable to more than one stationary source determined by the department to be 

similar in emissions unit structure. A general operating permit must contain provisions that meet 

the requirements of this chapter that are applicable to operating permits. A general operating 

permit issued to a particular person takes effect when the person's application is determined to be 

complete unless the department notifies the applicant that the general permit is not applicable to 

the person's stationary source.

Sec. 46.14.211. General minor permits.

After notice and opportunity for public comment and hearing, the department may establish a 

general minor permit that would be applicable to more than one stationary source determined by 

the department to be similar in structure. If authorized by the department, a permit issued under 

this section may be valid for multiple locations in this state. A general minor permit must contain 

provisions that meet the requirements of this chapter that are applicable to a minor permit.

Sec. 46.14.215. Temporary operations.

For purposes of AS 46.14.130 (b), the department may issue a single operating permit under AS 

46.14.170 , authorizing a stationary source to operate at specific multiple locations in the state 
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for temporary periods of time. A permit described in this section is valid only for the specific 

locations identified in the application and authorized by the department. The department may not 

issue a permit under this section unless the permit contains conditions that will ensure 

compliance with this chapter at each authorized location, including compliance with ambient air 

quality standards and applicable increment or visibility requirements adopted under this chapter. 

A permit under this section must require the owner and operator to notify the department at least 

10 days before a change in location of a stationary source permitted under this section.

Sec. 46.14.220. Objection by federal administrator.

(a) An operating permit may not be issued under this chapter until the federal administrator 

approves the permit, or until 45 days after a copy of the final draft permit has been provided by 

the department to the federal administrator, whichever is earlier. If, during the 45-day period, the 

federal administrator files an objection with the department, the department shall notify the 

applicant of the objection. The department may not issue the permit until the objection is 

resolved or the permit is revised to meet the objection of the federal administrator. Upon request 

of an applicant, the department shall assist the applicant in an effort to resolve promptly an 

objection by the federal administrator.

(b) Within 60 days after the close of the 45-day period under (a) of this section and in 

accordance with procedures established in federal regulations adopted under 42 U.S.C. 

7661d(b)(2) (Clean Air Act, sec. 505(b)(2)), a person may petition the federal administrator to 

file an objection to the permit.

Sec. 46.14.230. Duration of operating permits.

(a) An operating permit under this chapter, including an operating permit that contains a 

compliance schedule, shall be issued for a fixed term of five years after the date of issue, except 

as provided for temporary operations under AS 46.14.215 or unless a shorter term is requested 

by the permit applicant.

(b) If a timely and complete application for renewal of an operating permit is submitted to 

the department, the existing permit issued under this chapter does not expire until the renewal 

permit has been issued or denied.

Sec. 46.14.235. Federal termination, modification, or revocation and reissuance of permits.

The department shall take measures practicable and otherwise lawful to avoid termination, 

modification, or revocation and reissuance by the federal administrator of permits issued by the 

department under this chapter.

Sec. 46.14.240. Permit administration fees.

(a) The owner or operator of a stationary source who is required to apply for a permit under 

AS 46.14.130 shall pay to the department all assessed permit administration fees established 
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under (b) of this section except that the person named in a permit issued under AS 46.14.170 

shall pay assessed permit administration fees incurred after the date the permit is issued.

(b) The department shall establish by regulation permit administration fees in accordance 

with AS 37.10.050 - 37.10.058.

(c) [Repealed, Sec. 60(b), 65 ch 46 SLA 2003]. 

(d) Costs incurred by the department and other state or local governmental agencies that are 

assessed against small business facilities that qualify for assistance under AS 46.14.300 -

46.14.310 shall be recovered from emission fees under AS 46.14.250 (h)(2) for the following 

services: 

(1) providing preapplication consultation, assistance, and completeness review of 

applications for a permit, an amendment, a permit modification, or a renewal of a permit;

(2) reviewing or assisting in the preparation of specific documents to support a permit for a 

stationary source; the documents described in this paragraph include on-site evaluations.

Sec. 46.14.250. Emission fees.

(a) A person named as permittee in a permit issued under this chapter shall pay to the 

department all assessed emission fees established under this section.

(b) The department shall establish by regulation an emission fee rate. The rate shall be set on 

the basis of dollars per ton of air pollutant emitted. The department shall assess emission fees 

annually on or before July 1 based on a stationary source's estimated assessable emissions for the 

subsequent fiscal year. The department may allow installment payments of assessed emission 

fees.

(c) For a stationary source that begins operation during a fiscal year, the department shall 

prorate the first year's fee to cover the time period occurring before the next annual payment 

date. The owner or operator shall pay the initial emission fee upon commencement of lawful 

stationary source operation unless authorized to pay by installments under (b) of this section. The 

first year's emission fee may not duplicate a fee paid by a permittee under AS 44.46.025 for the 

same emissions units for the same time period. If the fees would otherwise be duplicative, the 

department shall provide a credit toward the emission fee in the amount of the unused balance of 

the fee collected under AS 44.46.025 . The unused balance to be credited shall be based on 

prorating the total original fee under AS 44.46.025 for the time period for which an emission fee 

applies.

(d) The department shall design the emission fee rate to distribute the total annual incurred 

costs described under (h) of this section in a manner so that each permittee is assessed an annual 

emission fee that reflects an equitable apportionment of the fees paid by each stationary source 

type, size, or category. In making an apportionment under (f)(6) of this section, the department 

shall consider factors such as exemptions or reduced rates for small amounts of emissions, limits 
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upon assessable emissions, exempting small business facilities from the costs of the small 

business assistance program established under AS 46.14.300 , air pollution prevention efforts, 

and other factors that may ensure fair distribution of the costs described under (h) of this section.

(e) [Repealed, Sec. 88 ch 56 SLA 2005]. 

(f) The department shall set the emission fee rate in regulation to implement the policy 

established in (d) of this section. The department shall base the regulation on the findings of a 

report, which the department shall make available to the public with proper notice before 

adoption of the regulation, that examines

(1) fees assessed;

(2) alternative fee rates or formulas;

(3) types, sizes, or categories of stationary sources, their respective emission quantities, and 

their previous or proposed fee burden;

(4) apparent inequities encountered in the initial fee rate;

(5) total costs incurred or anticipated to be incurred under (h) of this section; and

(6) other factors that ensure fair distribution of the costs described in (h) of this section.

(g) The department shall periodically, and at least every four years, evaluate the fee rate set 

under this section to determine if it is responsive to the policy established in (d) of this section 

and shall provide its findings in a report.

(h) In this section,

(1) "assessable emission" means the quantity of each air pollutant for which emission fees 

are assessed and is the lesser of

(A) the stationary source's potential to emit, in tons per year, each air pollutant; or

(B) the projected annual rate of emissions, in tons per year, of each air pollutant by the 

stationary source based upon previous actual annual emissions if the permittee can demonstrate 

to the department its previous actual annual rate of emissions through monitoring, modeling, 

calculations, or other method acceptable to the department;

(2) "emission fees" mean fees assessed to recover costs incurred by the department and 

other state or local governmental agencies for the implementation of minor permits, for the 

implementation of construction permits, and for operating permits to the extent required under 42 

U.S.C. 7661a(b)(3)(A) and federal regulations implementing that provision, for execution of the 

permit program established under this chapter that are generally not associated with service 

provided to a specific facility, including the costs incurred by the department or a local air 
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quality program to comply with AS 46.14.010 - 46.14.015; the costs may include rent, utilities, 

permit program management, administrative and accounting services, and other costs as 

identified by the department in regulations; the fees shall also be sufficient to recover the cost of 

the small business assistance program under AS 46.14.300 - 46.14.310. 

Sec. 46.14.255. Interest and sanctions for nonpayment.

(a) The department may assess interest against the owner and operator after a fee is due 

under this chapter and is unpaid. Interest assessed under this subsection shall be computed at two 

percentage points higher than the prime rate, as defined in AS 44.88.599 , for the day the fee was 

due.

(b) If a permittee has failed to pay a fee imposed under AS 46.14.240 - 46.14.250, a penalty, 

assessment, or damage award imposed under AS 46.03.760 (e) or 46.03.790 for a violation of 

this chapter, or interest imposed under (a) of this section, the department may, after 30 days' 

written notice to the permittee, revoke a minor permit, refuse to issue or renew permits requested 

by the permittee, or refuse to amend or modify a permit when the amendment or modification is 

requested by the permittee.

Sec. 46.14.260. Clean air protection fund.

(a) The clean air protection fund is established. The fund consists of fees collected by the 

department under AS 46.14.240 and 46.14.250 and under regulations authorized by AS 

46.14.140 , as required by 42 U.S.C. 7661a(b)(3)(C)(iii) (Clean Air Act, sec. 502(b)(3)(C)(iii)) 

for state participation in the federal emission control permit program.

(b) The money deposited into the clean air protection fund may only be used to cover the 

reasonable direct and indirect costs required to support the permit program under this chapter and 

the activities of the small business assistance program that are directed at stationary sources 

subject to this chapter, not including court costs or other costs associated with an enforcement 

action.

Sec. 46.14.265. Emission control permit receipts account.

(a) The emission control permit receipts account is established in the state treasury. Under 

AS 37.05.146 (c), money received by the department in payment of fees under AS 46.14.240 and 

46.14.250 and under regulations adopted under AS 46.14.140 , other than fees described in AS 

46.14.260 (a), shall be deposited in the account. Appropriations from the account are not made 

from the unrestricted general fund.

(b) Nothing in this section creates a dedicated fund.

Sec. 46.14.270. Special account.

Civil or criminal penalties, fines, assessments, or damages, and interest, attorney fees, and costs 

collected as a result of a violation relating to this chapter and interest collected under AS 
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46.14.255 shall be deposited in the general fund and credited to a special account called the 

"clean air protection account."

Sec. 46.14.275. Timely and complete application as shield.

If an owner and operator have submitted a timely and complete application for a permit or a 

permit renewal, as applicable, but final action has not been taken on the application, the owner's 

and operator's failure to have an operating permit is not a violation of this chapter unless the 

delay in final action was due to the failure of the owner and operator to submit, in a timely 

manner, additional information required or requested to process the application. An owner and 

operator required to have an operating permit under this chapter are not in violation of the 

operating permit program established under this chapter before the date on which the owner and 

operator are required to submit an application under AS 46.14.150 .

Sec. 46.14.280. Termination, modification, reopening, or revocation and reissuance of permits by 

the department.

(a) After 30 days' written notice to the permittee, the department

(1) may terminate, modify, or revoke and reissue a construction, operating, or minor permit 

if the department finds that

(A) the permit was obtained by misrepresentation of material fact or by failure of the owner 

and operator to disclose fully the facts relating to issuance of the permit;

(B) the permittee has violated this chapter, a regulation, a judicial or administrative order, or 

a material term or condition of a permit, approval, or acceptance issued under this chapter; or

(C) the permittee has failed to construct or modify a stationary source within the time period 

specified in a construction permit, if any, required under AS 46.14.130 (a);

(2) may modify, or revoke and reissue a construction, operating, or minor permit if the 

department finds that

(A) the permit contains a material mistake; or

(B) there has been a material change in the quantity or type of air pollutant emitted from the 

stationary source; or

(3) shall reopen a permit issued under this chapter

(A) based on a determination of the federal administrator or the department that the permit 

must be revised to comply with 42 U.S.C. 7401 - 7671q (Clean Air Act) and regulations adopted 

under 42 U.S.C. 7401 - 7671q; or
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(B) to incorporate changes in law, or to impose equivalent emission limitations, that become 

applicable after the permit is issued if the permit is issued to a major source and has a remaining 

duration of three or more years; the department shall make revisions allowed under this 

subparagraph as soon as practicable, but, regarding a change in law, not later than 18 months 

after the change in law takes effect; the department may not reopen the permit of a major source 

under this subparagraph if the change in law is not effective until after the date that the permit 

expires.

(b) Reopening of a permit under (a)(3) of this section shall be treated as a permit renewal by 

the department if the procedural requirements for permit renewal have been met.

(c) Proceedings to reopen a permit under this section shall follow the same procedure as for 

initial permit issuance and shall affect only those parts of the permit for which the department 

had cause to reopen under this section.

Sec. 46.14.285. Amendment and modification of permit upon request of permittee.

(a) A permittee may request

(1) a permit amendment that provides for administrative changes to a permit that do not 

result in material changes in permit terms or conditions, such as changes in the name of the 

owner or operator, mailing address, registered agent, or assessable emissions;

(2) an expedited authorization for minor changes in permit terms and conditions that provide 

for flexibility in the operation of a stationary source consistent with 42 U.S.C. 7661a(b)(10) 

(Clean Air Act, sec. 502(b)(10)), and regulations adopted under that paragraph; the department 

may adopt regulations that include procedures under which the public may participate when an 

expedited authorization is requested under this paragraph; or

(3) a modification of a permit to authorize significant changes in permit terms and 

conditions consistent with this chapter and regulations adopted under AS 46.14.140 .

(b) The department shall review all requests submitted under (a) of this section and issue or 

deny the permit amendment or modification or otherwise authorize or deny the request consistent 

with this chapter and regulations adopted under this chapter.

Sec. 46.14.290. Permit as shield.

(a) To the extent allowed under 42 U.S.C. 7661c(f) (Clean Air Act, sec. 504(f)), a permittee 

is considered in compliance with applicable requirements of this chapter, regulations adopted 

under this chapter and 42 U.S.C. 7401 - 7671q (Clean Air Act) and regulations adopted under it, 

if

(1) the applicable requirements are included and specifically identified in the owner or 

operator's permit; or
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(2) the requirements are determined in writing not to be applicable to the permitted 

stationary source; a determination made under this paragraph shall be included in the permit.

(b) This section does not alter or affect

(1) the owner's and operator's obligation to comply with an emergency order issued under 

AS 46.03.820 or 42 U.S.C. 7603 (Clean Air Act, sec. 303);

(2) the liability of an owner and operator for a violation of applicable requirements of law 

before or at the time of permit issuance; or

(3) the ability of the department to obtain information from an owner or operator of a 

stationary source under AS 46.14.020 (b).

Article 03. SMALL BUSINESS ASSISTANCE PROGRAM

Sec. 46.14.300. Small business assistance program.

(a) A small business assistance program is established in the department. The department 

shall include the program in the state air quality control plan developed under 42 U.S.C. 7401 -

7671q (Clean Air Act).

(b) The small business assistance program shall, by regulation, meet the requirements of 42 

U.S.C. 7661f(a) (Clean Air Act, sec. 507(a)), including the requirement that a small business 

advocate be designated.

(c) Except as provided in AS 46.14.310 (b), the department shall provide assistance as 

described in (b) of this section to a requesting stationary source that is not a small business 

concern as defined in 15 U.S.C. 632 but that is subject to the requirements of this chapter if the 

legislature appropriates money from the general fund for this purpose.

Sec. 46.14.310. Power to limit small business assistance program.

(a) After consultation with the federal administrator and the administrator of the United 

States Small Business Administration and after providing notice and opportunity for public 

hearing, the department may exclude from the scope of the small business assistance program 

established in AS 46.14.300 a category or subcategory of small business facilities that the 

department finds to have sufficient technical and financial capabilities to meet the requirements 

of this chapter and federal law without the assistance provided under AS 46.14.300 - 46.14.320.

(b) Nothing in AS 46.14.300 (c) precludes the department from excluding a business facility 

or category of business facilities that the department finds to have sufficient technical and 

financial capabilities to meet the requirements of this chapter without assistance from the 

department.

Sec. 46.14.320. Compliance advisory panel.
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(a) There is established in the department a compliance advisory panel whose members shall 

serve staggered three-year terms. A member may not serve more than two three-year terms 

consecutively.

(b) The panel consists of

(1) two members who are not owners or representatives of owners of small business 

facilities, selected by the governor to represent the general public;

(2) one member selected by the commissioner to represent the department; and

(3) four members who are owners or representatives of owners of small business facilities, 

selected as follows:

(A) one shall be selected by the president of the senate and one shall be selected by the 

speaker of the house;

(B) if there are members of the senate who are not part of the majority caucus of the senate, 

the leader of the largest nonmajority group shall select a panel member; if all members of the 

senate are in the majority caucus, then the president of the senate shall select a second panel 

member in addition to the selection authorized under (A) of this paragraph;

(C) if there are members of the house who are not part of the majority caucus of the house, 

the leader of the largest nonmajority group shall select a panel member; if all members of the 

house are in the majority caucus, then the speaker of the house shall select a second panel 

member in addition to the selection authorized under (A) of this paragraph.

(c) The panel members shall serve without compensation but are entitled to transportation 

expenses and per diem as authorized for members of boards and commissions under AS 

39.20.180 .

(d) The compliance advisory panel shall

(1) elect a chair and agree upon procedures by which the panel will function;

(2) meet annually and at the call of the chair and give public notice of panel meetings as 

required under AS 44.62.310 - 44.62.312;

(3) prepare advisory opinions concerning the effectiveness of the small business assistance 

program, difficulties encountered in making the program efficient and effective, and degree of 

enforcement and severity of air pollution offenses;

(4) make periodic reports to the administrator concerning the compliance of the small 

business assistance program with requirements of 44 U.S.C. 3501 (Paperwork Reduction Act), 5 

U.S.C. 601 (Regulatory Flexibility Act), and 5 U.S.C. 504 (Equal Access to Justice Act);
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(5) review information designed to assist small business facilities in complying with this 

chapter to ensure that the information is understandable by the public; and

(6) use the assistance of the small business advocate designated under AS 46.14.300 (b) in 

the development and dissemination of panel reports and advisory opinions.

Article 04. LOCAL PROGRAMS

Sec. 46.14.400. Local air quality control programs.

(a) With the approval of the department, a municipality may establish and administer within 

its jurisdiction a local air quality control program that operates in lieu of and is consistent with 

all or part of the department's air quality program as established under this chapter. A first or 

second class borough may administer an air quality control program approved by the department 

under this subsection on an areawide basis and is not subject to the restrictions for acquiring 

additional areawide powers specified in AS 29.35.300 - 29.35.350. A third class borough may 

administer a local air quality control program approved by the department under this subsection 

only in a service area formed under AS 29.35.490 (b) or (c).

(b) With the approval of the department, two or more municipalities or other entities may 

create a local air quality district for the purpose of jointly administering a local air quality control 

program within the boundaries of the air quality district.

(c) If the department finds that the location, character, or extent of particular concentrations 

of population, air pollutant emissions units, the geographic, topographic, or meteorological 

considerations, or a combination of these factors make impracticable the maintenance of 

appropriate levels of air quality without an areawide air pollution control program, the 

department may determine the boundaries within which a local air quality control program is 

necessary and direct that a local air quality control program spanning those boundaries is the 

only acceptable alternative to direct state administration.

(d) A municipality or a local air quality district seeking department approval for a local air 

quality control program shall enter into a cooperative agreement with the department that is 

designed to avoid unnecessary duplication of responsibilities. The cooperative agreement must 

include provisions specifying

(1) the respective duties and authority of the department and the municipality or local air 

quality district in the administration of the local air quality control program;

(2) the authority of the municipality or the local air quality district to employ staff to 

administer the local air quality control program;

(3) duties of staff employed under (2) of this subsection;
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(4) the procedures that must be followed by the municipality or local air quality district 

when requesting money from the clean air protection fund to cover the costs of implementing the 

municipality's or district's air quality program;

(5) the procedures that will be used by the department in approving a request under (4) of 

this subsection and submitting it to the legislature for funding;

(6) respective enforcement responsibilities of the department and the municipality or the 

local air quality district;

(7) that if the municipality or local air quality control district seeks authority to take action 

under (f) of this section, the municipality or local air quality control district will use procedures 

that are substantially equivalent to those required under AS 46.14.010 and 46.14.015.

(e) A local air quality control program shall provide for the exemption of a locally registered 

motor vehicle from motor vehicle emission requirements adopted under AS 46.14.510 if the 

motor vehicle is not used within the program's jurisdiction.

(f) A municipality or a local air quality district administering a program under this section 

shall administer its local air quality control program according to this chapter, regulations 

adopted under those sections, and its cooperative agreement under (d) of this section. A 

municipality or local air quality district's program may, upon a finding by the local agency and 

an affirmative agreement by the department, establish a more stringent requirement than the 

stationary emissions unit permit program authorized under this chapter if public health or air 

quality effects provide a reasonable basis to regulate the emissions unit with the additional or 

more stringent requirement and the municipality or district has used procedures substantially 

equivalent to those required under AS 46.14.010 - 46.14.015 before establishing the more 

stringent requirement. This subsection does not prohibit a municipality or local air quality 

control district from establishing a mobile source emissions program more stringent than the 

state program without making findings of public health or air quality effects or using procedures 

substantially equivalent to those required under AS 46.14.010 - 46.14.015. In this subsection, 

"mobile source" does not include tank vessels or other watercraft.

(g) A determination, order, permit, or permit action issued under a local air quality control 

program is considered to be a determination, order, permit, or permit action of the department.

(h) Notwithstanding any other law or rule of law, the department may not delegate or enable 

another department or government entity to establish fee rates or collect fees under AS 46.14.240

or 46.14.250.

(i) If a municipality or a local air quality district administering a program under this section 

requires emissions inspection for a motor vehicle, emission inspection may not be required more 

than once every two years.

(j) A person who operates a motor vehicle in violation of emissions requirements imposed 

under this section is guilty of a violation and, upon conviction, shall be fined an amount not to 
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exceed $500. It is the intent of the legislature that money collected under this subsection be 

appropriated to promote air quality control programs in municipalities.

Sec. 46.14.410. Inadequacy of local program.

(a) If a municipality or a local air quality district has an approved local air quality control 

program under AS 46.14.400 and the department determines that the program is being 

implemented in a manner that fails to meet the terms of the cooperative agreement or is 

otherwise being inappropriately administered, the department shall give written notice setting out 

its determination to the municipality or local air quality district. Within 45 days after giving 

written notice, the department shall conduct a public hearing on the matter. The hearing shall be 

recorded by any means that ensures an accurate record.

(b) If, after the hearing, the department upholds the determination made in the written 

notice, the department shall provide the municipality or local air quality district with a written 

finding setting out the nature of the deficiencies and a description of the necessary action to be 

taken to ensure that the local air quality control program prevents or controls air pollution. The 

department shall provide its finding to the municipality or district within 45 days after closure of 

the public hearing record. The department shall set a reasonable period of time for the 

municipality or local air quality district to take corrective action in response to the department's 

finding.

(c) If the municipality or local air quality district fails to take corrective action within the 

time period set by the department under (b) of this section, the department shall terminate the 

cooperative agreement and resume management of air quality control in the affected jurisdiction. 

If the municipality or the local air quality district partially remedies, to the department's 

satisfaction, the deficiencies found in the determination, the department shall amend the 

cooperative agreement to reflect a modified allocation of responsibilities between the department 

and municipality or the local air quality district.

(d) A municipality or local air quality district that has had its cooperative agreement 

terminated may, with the department's approval, resume a local air quality control program if the 

municipality or district agrees to comply with AS 46.14.400 and with any corrective action plan 

required by the department.

(e) If the department finds that control of a particular class of stationary source or emissions 

unit, because of its complexity or magnitude, is beyond the reasonable capability of the 

municipality or the local air quality district or may be more efficiently and economically 

controlled at the state level, the department may assume and retain jurisdiction over the class of 

stationary source or emissions unit. Classifications under this subsection may be based on the 

nature of stationary sources or emissions units involved, their size relative to the size of the 

communities in which they are located, or another basis established by the department.

Article 05. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Sec. 46.14.500. Air pollution from outer continental shelf activities.
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(a) The department shall seek delegation of authority from the federal administrator to 

implement and enforce the terms and provisions of 42 U.S.C. 7627 (Clean Air Act, sec. 328) for 

the Pacific and Arctic Ocean areas offshore of the state. The department may adopt regulations 

that are necessary to acquire this delegated authority.

(b) In adopting regulations under this section, the department shall ensure that stationary 

sources located within 25 miles of the seaward boundary of the state are subject to the same air 

quality control requirements that would be applicable if the stationary source were located in the 

corresponding onshore area. For purposes of this subsection, stationary sources located within 25 

miles of the seaward boundary of the state include a vessel servicing or associated with the 

stationary source while at the stationary source or en route to or from the stationary source and 

within 25 miles of the stationary source.

(c) In this section, "corresponding onshore area" means, with respect to a stationary source 

located within 25 miles of the seaward boundary of the state, the onshore attainment or 

nonattainment area that is closest to the stationary source, unless the commissioner determines 

that another area with more stringent requirements relating to control and abatement of air 

pollution may reasonably be expected to be affected by emissions from the offshore stationary 

source; this determination shall be based on the potential for air pollutants from the stationary 

source to reach the other onshore area and the potential of the air pollutants to affect the efforts 

of the other onshore area to attain or maintain a federal ambient air quality standard set under 42 

U.S.C. 7470 - 7492 (Title I, Part C, Clean Air Act) or a state equivalent.

Sec. 46.14.510. Motor vehicle pollution.

(a) When the department determines that the state of knowledge and technology may allow 

or make appropriate the control of emissions from motor vehicles to further air quality control, 

the department may provide, by regulation, for the control of the emissions from motor vehicles. 

The regulations may prescribe requirements for the installation and use of equipment designed to 

reduce or eliminate emissions and for the proper maintenance of this equipment.

(b) Unless otherwise exempted by law, a person shall maintain in operating condition any 

element of the air pollution control system or mechanism of a motor vehicle that the department, 

by regulation, requires to be maintained in or on the motor vehicle.

(c) The department shall consult with the Department of Administration regarding 

implementation of the motor vehicle pollution control program. The Department of 

Administration shall cooperate with the department in implementing the program. As a part of a 

motor vehicle pollution control program, the department or a municipality that enforces a motor 

vehicle pollution control program may determine if a vehicle is properly registered as required 

by law.

(d) If the department adopts regulations requiring the maintenance of air pollution control 

systems or mechanisms in motor vehicles to control emissions from the vehicle, a motor vehicle 

subject to those regulations may not be issued a certificate of inspection unless the required air 

pollution control system or mechanism has been inspected in accordance with the standards, 
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testing techniques, and instructions furnished by the department and the motor vehicle has been 

found to meet those standards. A valid certificate of inspection for the emission control system, 

if required by the department, must be presented to the Department of Administration before that 

department may register a motor vehicle.

(e) If the department adopts regulations requiring emissions inspection for a motor vehicle, 

the department may not require the vehicle be inspected more than once every two years.

(f) A person who fails to display an emissions inspection decal as required by law is guilty 

of a violation and, upon conviction, shall be fined an amount not to exceed $500. It is the intent 

of the legislature that money collected under this subsection be appropriated to control pollution 

from motor vehicle emissions.

(g) In addition to the emission control inspection program fee imposed under AS 28.10.423 , 

the department or a municipality may impose a fee upon a vehicle required to be inspected under 

a motor vehicle emission control program established under this chapter, but the fee may not 

exceed the actual costs of the department or the municipality in administering

(1) the motor vehicle emission control inspection program; and

(2) the related ambient air monitoring program.

Sec. 46.14.515. Inspection.

(a) An officer or employee of the department designated by the commissioner or an 

inspector authorized by the commissioner and certified under regulations adopted under AS 

46.14.140 (a)(14) may, upon presentation of credentials and at reasonable times with the consent 

of the owner or operator, enter upon or through any premises of a stationary source regulated 

under this chapter to

(1) inspect and copy any records required to be maintained;

(2) inspect any emissions unit, monitoring equipment, or method required to be used; or

(3) sample any emissions that the owner and operator of the stationary source is required to 

sample.

(b) During an inspection under this section, the inspector shall comply with applicable 

health and safety standards.

Sec. 46.14.520. Confidentiality of trade secrets.

Records, reports, and information, and parts of records, reports, and information, other than 

emission data, in the department's possession or control are considered confidential records and 

shall be kept confidential and in separate files if the owner and operator have certified under oath 

to the department or authorized local program that
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(1) public disclosure would tend to affect adversely the owner's and operator's competitive 

position; and

(2) the records, reports, or information, or parts of the records, reports, or information, 

would divulge production figures, sales figures, processes, production techniques, or financial 

data of the owner and operator that are entitled to protection as trade secrets under AS 45.50.910

- 45.50.945 (Alaska Uniform Trade Secrets Act).

Sec. 46.14.525. Public records.

Except as provided in AS 46.14.520 , permits, permit applications, emissions and monitoring 

reports, compliance reports, certifications, and monitoring, reporting, and quality assurance plans 

in the department's possession or control are available to the public for inspection and copying.

Sec. 46.14.530. State and federal aid.

(a) A municipality or local air quality district with a local air quality control program may 

apply for, receive, administer, and spend state aid for the control of air emissions or the 

development and administration of the program if an application is first submitted to and 

approved by the department. Subject to available money appropriated by the legislature for the 

purpose of this section, the department may approve an application if it is consistent with the 

terms and conditions of the applicable cooperative agreement and meets the requirements of this 

chapter.

(b) A municipality or local air quality district with a local air quality control program may 

apply for, receive, administer, and spend federal aid for the control of air emissions or the 

development and administration of the program.

Sec. 46.14.535. Grants.

(a) Subject to appropriation, the department may award grants of federal or other funds 

received by the department for the control of air emissions or the development or administration 

of air quality control programs in the state.

(b) The department may adopt regulations under AS 44.62 (Administrative Procedure Act) 

to carry out the purposes of this section.

Sec. 46.14.540. Authority of department in cases of emergency.

(a) When the commissioner finds that an act of God, act of war, act of terrorism, or similar 

catastrophe necessitates emergency use of an unpermitted emissions unit or emergency use of a 

permitted emissions unit in a manner not authorized by the permit, the commissioner may waive 

procedural requirements of this chapter and issue an order to authorize emergency use of the 

emissions unit. When acting under this section, the commissioner shall impose conditions 

necessary to protect life, human health, welfare, property, and the environment and may impose 

other conditions the commissioner finds necessary and appropriate.
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(b) An authorization issued under this section automatically terminates within a reasonable 

time after abatement of the emergency, subject to a maximum of 30 days from the date of

issuance. However, the commissioner may reissue an authorization, if warranted, that may 

remain in effect for up to another 30 days. An authorization may be reissued more than once.

(c) A person acting under an order issued under (a) of this section is considered to be acting 

in compliance with the operating permit program established in this chapter.

(d) The commissioner may delegate the commissioner's authority under this section to 

deputy commissioners and division directors in the department.

Sec. 46.14.550. Responsibilities of owner and operator; agent for service.

Notwithstanding use of the conjunctive or disjunctive in a provision of this chapter, before 

issuance of a permit under this chapter both the owner and operator of a stationary source are 

responsible for compliance with this chapter and regulations adopted under this chapter. If the 

owner and operator of the stationary source are separate persons, only one person is required to 

discharge a specific responsibility. After issuance of a permit under this chapter, only the 

permittee is responsible for permitted operations. The permittee shall have a designated agent for 

service of process in the state.

Sec. 46.14.560. Unavoidable malfunctions and emergencies.

Excess emissions caused by an unavoidable emergency, a malfunction, or nonroutine repairs of 

an emissions unit including pollution control equipment or process equipment constitute an 

affirmative defense, when asserted under regulations adopted under AS 46.14.140, to an action 

brought for noncompliance with a technology-based emission standard. This section does not 

limit the department's power to enjoin the emission or require corrective action. This provision is 

in addition to any emergency or upset provision contained in an applicable requirement.

Article 06. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec. 46.14.900. Limitations.

This chapter does not

(1) grant jurisdiction or authority with respect to air contamination existing solely within a 

residential dwelling or a commercial or industrial plant, workplace, or shop;

(2) affect the relations between employers and employees with respect to or arising out of a 

condition of air contamination or air pollution; or

(3) supersede or limit the applicability of a law or ordinance relating to sanitation, industrial 

health, or safety.

Sec. 46.14.990. Definitions.
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In this chapter,

(1) "air pollutant" has the meaning given in 42 U.S.C. 7602 (Clean Air Act, sec. 302);

(2) "ambient air" has the meaning given in 40 C.F.R. 50.1;

(3) "ambient air quality standard" means a standard, other than an emission standard, 

adopted under AS 46.14.010 , 46.14.140, 46.14.400(f), or 42 U.S.C. 7409 (Clean Air Act, sec. 

109);

(4) "building, structure, facility, or installation" has the meaning given in 40 C.F.R. 

51.166(b) except that it includes a vessel

(A) that is anchored or otherwise permanently or temporarily stationed within a locale;

(B) upon which a stationary source or stationary sources are located; not including 

stationary sources engaged in propulsion of the vessel; and

(C) that is used for an industrial process, excluding a tank vessel in the trade of transporting 

cargo; in this subparagraph, "industrial process" means the extraction of raw material or the 

physical or chemical transformation of raw material in either composition or character;

(5) "commissioner" means the commissioner of environmental conservation;

(6) "construction" has the meaning given in 40 C.F.R. 51.166(b);

(7) "construction permit" means a permit under AS 46.14.130 (a), including all relevant 

exhibits, addendums, transmittal letters, compliance schedules, administrative orders, emergency 

orders, and court orders;

(8) "department" means the Department of Environmental Conservation;

(9) "emission" means a release of one or more air pollutants to the atmosphere;

(10) "emission limitation" and "emission standard" have the meanings given in 40 C.F.R. 

51.100;

(11) "emissions unit" has the meaning given in 40 C.F.R. 51.166(b)(7) or 40 C.F.R. 70.2, 

depending on the context in which the term is used;

(12) "federal administrator" means the administrator of the United States Environmental 

Protection Agency;

(13) [Repealed, Sec. 82 ch 41 SLA 2009]. 
2009 Alaska State Statutes relating to Air Quality 45 of 46

Correct as posted on http://www.legis.state.ak.us/basis/folio.asp as of July 1, 2010

(14) "hazardous air pollutant" means a pollutant listed in or under 42 U.S.C. 7412(b) (Clean 

Air Act, sec. 112(b));

(15) "local air quality control program" means a program authorized under AS 46.14.400 to 

implement some or all of the provisions of this chapter;

(16) "major modification" means a change that meets the definition of "major modification" 

under either 40 C.F.R. 51.165 or 40 C.F.R. 51.166;

(17) "major stationary source" means a stationary source or physical change that meets the 

definition of "major stationary source" under either 40 C.F.R. 51.165 or 40 C.F.R. 51.166;

(18) "operating permit" means a permit under AS 46.14.130 (b), including all relevant 

exhibits, addendums, transmittal letters, compliance schedules, administrative orders, emergency 

orders, and court orders;

(19) "operator" means a person or persons who direct, control, or supervise a stationary 

source or emissions unit that has the potential to emit an air pollutant to the atmosphere;

(20) "owner" means a person or persons with a proprietary or possessory interest in a 

stationary source or emissions unit that has the potential to emit an air pollutant to the 

atmosphere;

(21) "person" has the meaning given in AS 01.10.060 and also includes an agency of the 

United States, a municipality, the University of Alaska, the Alaska Railroad Corporation, and 

other departments, agencies, instrumentalities, units, and corporate authorities of the state;

(22) "potential to emit" has the meaning given in 40 C.F.R. 51.166(b);

(23) "regulated air pollutant" means an air pollutant subject to regulation under 42 U.S.C. 

7401 - 7671q (Clean Air Act);

(24) "small business facility" means a stationary source that

(A) is owned or operated by a person who employs 100 or fewer individuals;

(B) is a small business concern as defined in 15 U.S.C. 632; and

(C) emits less than 100 TPY of regulated air pollutants;

(25) "stack" has the meaning given in 40 C.F.R. 51.100;

(26) "stationary source" has the meaning given in 40 C.F.R. 51.166(b) or 40 C.F.R. 70.2, 

depending on the context in which the term is used;
2009 Alaska State Statutes relating to Air Quality 46 of 46

Correct as posted on http://www.legis.state.ak.us/basis/folio.asp as of July 1, 2010

(27) "tank vessel" means a waterborne vessel, ship, or barge, whether or not self-propelled, 

that is constructed or converted to carry cargo; "tank vessel" includes a tanker, tank ship, or 

combination carrier, but does not include a vessel that is loading or unloading

(A) cargo in sealed drums, barrels, or other packages; or

(B) petroleum or petroleum products solely as fuel for use on that vessel;

(28) "TPY" means tons per year.
40 C.F.R. Part 51 Appendix V 2.1. (d)

Copy of Actual Regulation Signed with Effective Date Indicated:

The Department of Environmental Conservation 18 AAC 50 Air Quality 

Control Regulations, As amended through May 8, 2013 (with register number

206, July 2013).

See section 2.1 (b) for Lt. Governor’s filing memo dated April 9, 2013.























































































































































40 C.F.R. Part 51 Appendix V 2.1. (e) 

Evidence State Procedural Requirements Satisfied:

and

40 C.F.R. Part 51 Appendix V 2.1. (f) 

Dated Evidence of Proper Public Notice:

and

40 C.F.R. Part 51 Appendix V 2.1. (g)

Certification that Public Hearings were Held if Applicable:

Affidavit of Notice of Proposed Adoption of Regulations and

Furnishing of Additional Information signed by Rebecca Tyson Smith dated 

February 22, 2013.

Public Notice signed by Commissioner Larry Hartig dated January 11, 2013.

Affidavit of Publication, Anchorage Daily News, dated January 12-14, 2013

(affidavit signed January 14, 2013).

Affidavit of Publication, Fairbanks Daily News Miner, dated January 12-14, 

2013 (affidavit signed January 15, 2013).

Affidavits of Oral Hearings signed by Cynthia L. Heil and Joan E. Hardesty

dated February 13, 2013.




to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for final approval.

ADEC proposes a regulation amendment in Title 18 of the Alaska Administrative Code (AAC),

Chapter 50 Air Quality Control; specifically at 18 AAC 50.030 State Air Quality Plan. This

regulation is being amended to adopt the following documents into Alaska’s State Air Quality

Plan also known as the State Implementation Plan (SIP). Adopting these documents into the SIP

is accomplished in regulation by updating the adoption date at 18 AAC 50.030 each time a SIP

document is amended and approved. The following documents will be adopted into the SIP with

this regulation amendment:

Volume II, Section III. A: Statewide Carbon Monoxide Control Program is being

revised and readopted to reference changes being made to the Municipality of Anchorage’s

(MOA) and the Fairbanks North Star Borough’s (FNSB) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Limited

Maintenance Plans (LMP). Both MOA and the FNSB have submitted, for approval and adoption,

their second, 10-year CO LMPs which verify continued attainment and maintenance of the CO

state air quality standard within their respective CO maintenance areas.

• Volume II, Section III. B: Anchorage Transportation Control Program is MOA’s

CO LMP. This plan is being revised and readopted to cover MOA’s second, 10-year

maintenance period (July 23, 2014 through July 22, 2024).

• Volume II, Section III. C: Fairbanks Transportation Control Program is the

FNSB’s CO LMP. This plan is being revised and readopted to cover FNSB’s second, 10-year

maintenance period (September 27, 2014, through September 27, 2024).

• Volume III (Appendices to Volume II) is being revised and readopted to include

MOA’s and FNSB’s assembly resolutions supporting the adoption oftheir respective second, 10-

year CO LMPs.

The proposed regulations are intended to meet the requirements of AS 46.14.030 which directs

ADEC to develop a state air quality control plan to satisfy Section 110 (Title 42 U.S.C. Chapter

85 § 7410) of the Clean Air Act. Once adopted, these regulations will be submitted to EPA for

approval and eventual inclusion in the revised SIP.
The Department will hold public hearings on this proposal on Tuesday, February 12, 2013 from

11:30 am

— 1:30 p.m. at the following locations: 1) ADEC Bayview Office Building, Conference

Room A, 619 Ship Creek Drive, Anchorage, Alaska; and 2) Noel Wien Public Library, 1215

Cowles Street, Fairbanks, Alaska. Oral or written comment may be submitted at the hearings.The hearings will be extended if necessary to accommodate those present before 1:30 p.m. who

did not have an opportunity to comment. If you will not be able to attend a public hearing in

person please contact Scott Sloane at (907) 465-5176 five days prior to the hearing to make

arrangements to participate by phone. The State of Alaska, Department of Environmental

Conservation complies with Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. If you are aperson with

a disability who may need a special accommodation in order to participate in this

public process, please contact Deborah Pock at (907) 269-0291 or TDD Relay Service 1-800-

770-8973/TTY or dial 711 by Friday, February 8, 2013 to ensure that any necessaryaccommodations can be provided.

For a copy of the proposed regulation changes please refer to this ADEC webpagehttps://rnyalaska.state.ak.us/dec/air/airtoolsweb/PublicPermitListings.aspx, or contact Scott

Sloane by telephone at (907) 465-5176, or by e-mail at scott.sloane(a1aska.gov. After the public

comment period ends on February 15, 2013, ADEC will either adopt these or other provisions

dealing with the same subject, without further notice, or decide to take no action on them. The

language of the final regulations may be different from that of the proposed regulations. YOU

SHOULD COMMENT DURiNG THE TIME ALLOWED IF YOUR INTERESTS COULD BE

AFFECTED. Written comments received are public records and are subject to public inspection.

Statutory Authority: AS 46.03.010, AS 46.03.020, AS 46.14.030, AS 46.14.400

Statutes Being Implemented, Interpreted, or Made Specific: AS 46.14.030, AS 46.14.400

Fiscal Information: The proposed regulation changes are not expected to/require an increased

appropriation. —2 ‘/

Dated: January 11, 2013 Larry Hartig, Commissioner







40 C.F.R. Part 51 Appendix V 2.1. (h)

Compilation of Public Comments and the State Response to them:

Affidavit of Agency Record of Public Comment signed by Rebecca Tyson 

Smith dated February 22, 2013.

Additional Information:

Volume II: Analysis of Problems, Control Actions

Section III.B Anchorage Transportation Control Program, Adopted 

February 22, 2013

 Revised Sections:

o III.B.4 Carbon Monoxide Monitoring Program, 

o III.B.10 Air Quality Conformity Procedures

 New Section:

o III.B.12 Limited Maintenance Plan for 2014-2024

Volume II: Analysis of Problems, Control Actions

Section III.C Fairbanks Transportation Control Program, Adopted 

February 22, 2013

 Revised Sections:

o III.C.3 Air Quality Emissions Data 

o III.C.4 Carbon Monoxide Network Monitoring Program

o III.C.6 Modeling and Projections

o III.C.10 Air Quality Conformity Procedures

 New Section:

o III.C.12 Limited Maintenance Plan for 2014-2024

Volume III, Appendices to Volume II is amended as follows:

Volume II, Section II. Air Quality Control Program is amended as 

follows:

18 AAC 50 Air Quality Control as amended through January 4, 

2013, is removed and replaced with 18 AAC 50 Air Quality 

Control as amended through May 8, 2013; section to be reviewed 

and approved is the lead-in language of 18 AAC 50.030 with the 

adoption date of Volumes II and III of the State Air quality 

Control Plan as amended through February 22, 2013.

Volume II, Section III.B Anchorage Transportation Control Program

Appendix III.B.1 is amended by adding the following document:
Addition of Anchorage Assembly Resolution No. 2013-20, 

dated January 29, 2013, a resolution of the Municipality of 

Anchorage adopting revisions to the Anchorage Carbon 

Monoxide Maintenance Plan (dated January 29, 2013)

Appendix III.B.10 is amended by adding the following document:

ADEC Affidavit of Oral Hearing

Volume II, Section III.C Fairbanks Transportation Control Program

Appendix III.C.1 is amended by adding the following document:

Fairbanks North Star Borough Assembly Resolution No. 

2013-05, dated January 10, 2013, a resolution of the 

Fairbanks North Star Borough adopting revisions to the 

Fairbanks Carbon Monoxide Maintenance Plan (dated 

January 10, 2013)

Appendix III.C.10 is amended by adding the following document:

ADEC Affidavit of Oral Hearing
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation

Amendments to:

State Air Quality Control Plan

Vol. II: Analysis of Problems, Control Actions

Section III.B: Anchorage Transportation Control Program

Adopted

February 22, 2013

Sean Parnell, Governor 

Larry Hartig, Commissioner
Adopted February 22, 2013

(This page serves as a placeholder for two-sided copying)
Adopted February 22, 2013

Anchorage 

CO Limited Maintenance Plan

A plan addressing the second 10 years of the 2004 -2024 CO 

maintenance planning period

Vol. II: Analysis of Problems, Control Actions

Section III.B: Anchorage Transportation Control Program

Prepared by the 

Municipality of Anchorage

Department of Health and Human Services

for submission to the

Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation

for inclusion in the 

State Implementation Plan for Air Quality 
Adopted February 22, 2013

(This page serves as a placeholder for two-sided copying)
Adopted February 22, 2013

A note for reviewers of this document.

This document is organized and formatted to be consistent with the State of Alaska Air 

Quality Control Plan or SIP. It constitutes a proposed amendment to the Anchorage 

CO Maintenance Plan which was approved by the Anchorage Assembly in May 2011. 

That Plan comprised eleven sections (Sections III.B.1 – B.11) of the SIP. 

This proposed amendment adds a new Section III.B.12, entitled Limited Maintenance 

Plan for 2014-2024 and revises Section III.B.10, which addresses air quality conformity 

procedures for CO. Minor changes were also made to Section III.B.4 that provide 

flexibility in number and location of CO monitoring sites that must be operated in 

Anchorage. Other sections of the Plan remain unchanged and are not shown in this 

document.

On December 20, 2012, after completion of a public comment period and review by the 

AMATS Air Quality and Technical Advisory Committees, the AMATS Policy 

Committee recommended that the Anchorage Assembly adopt this amendment to the 

CO Maintenance Plan.
Adopted February 22, 2013

(This page serves as a placeholder for two-sided copying)
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.B.4 - 1

Introductory Note: In this document each reference to “CAAA” means the 

Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, P.L. 101-549. 

Minor revisions to this section clarify that CO monitoring will be conducted in conformance 

with federal regulation and provide flexibility to make changes in the CO monitoring 

network, subject to approval by the EPA Administrator.

III.B.4. Carbon Monoxide Monitoring Program

Although emission projections are used to track reasonable further progress (RFP), it is 

actual ambient air quality monitoring data that determine whether or not an area meets the 

NAAQS. The difficulty with using ambient monitoring data to assess trends is the 

fluctuation in pollution concentrations caused by daily, weekly, and yearly variations in 

meteorological conditions, traffic levels, and other factors. However, it is important to 

monitor and compare ambient air quality concentrations to modeled emission projections to 

determine if the projections are reasonable and credible. Section 110(a)(2)(B) of the CAAA 

(42 U.S.C. 7410(a) (2) (b)) requires that each implementation plan submitted to EPA 

provide for the establishment and operation of "appropriate devices, methods, systems, and 

procedures necessary to monitor, compile, and analyze data on ambient air quality."

The Anchorage CO monitoring network is currently comprised of four sampling stations. 

The MOA uses TECO48 CO analyzers at each station (Figure III.B.4-1). These instruments 

meet all specifications required by the EPA for ambient CO monitoring and are designated 

by the EPA as a "reference method" for CO. 

Figure III.B.4-1

TECO 48 CO Analyzer with Strip Chart Recorder 

and Data Acquisition System 

The monitoring network is operated 24 hours a day from October 1 through March 31. 

Hourly averages of CO levels are provided from each station in the network. These data are 

uploaded to a central computer every weekday. Data are submitted to EPA on a quarterly 

basis for inclusion in the nationwide air quality database known as AQS. CO monitoring is 

conducted in conformance with guidelines established in federal regulations, EPA guidance 
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.B.4 - 2

and instrument manufacturer recommendations. Third party instrument performance audits 

are conducted by EPA and/or ADEC quarterly.

The locations and the status (as of October 2012) of the stations in the CO monitoring 

network are described in Table III.B.4-1. The purpose of this network is to characterize the 

range of CO exposures experienced by Anchorage residents. By analyzing pollution 

concentration trends over time, CO monitoring stations can also serve to assess the 

effectiveness of strategies designed to reduce air pollution emissions and improve air 

quality. Each monitoring station was selected in accordance with guidelines established by 

the EPA. As more has been learned about the nature of the CO problem in Anchorage, more 

emphasis has been placed on monitoring CO levels in neighborhoods. 

Table III.B.4-1

Description of Anchorage CO Monitoring Sites

Location Site Description

Turnagain

(active)

Monitoring began at this neighborhood-scale site in October 1998 CO concentrations 

measured here were the highest of the twenty sites monitored during a saturation 

monitoring study conducted in the winter of 1997-98. It now exhibits the highest 

concentrations of the current network. It exceeded the NAAQS once in 1999 and 2001.

Garden

(active)

Monitoring began at this residential neighborhood location at 16th and Garden Street in 

1979. In the early 2000’s, Garden typically recorded higher peak concentrations than the 

micro-scale sites at Seward Highway and at Benson. 

Parkgate

(active)

Monitoring began at this middle-scale site in Eagle River (approx 10 miles north of 

Anchorage) in December 2005. Thus far, concentrations appear to be low relative to other 

active sites (i.e., Turnagain, Garden) in the network. 

8th and L Street 

(active)

Monitoring began at this middle-scale site in downtown Anchorage in October 2007. Thus 

far, concentrations appear to be low relative to other active sites in the network. 

7th & C Street

(discontinued)

This station was located mid-block between 6th and 7th Avenue on C Street. Monitoring 

began here in 1973 and was discontinued in 1995. The last exceedance at this site was 

recorded in 1990.

Benson

(discontinued)

Monitoring began at this micro-scale site on the southwest corner of Spenard Road and 

Benson Blvd in 1978. This site frequently recorded exceedances of the NAAQS in the late 

1970’s, 1980’s and early 1990’s. The last exceedance was measured here in 1996. Benson 

was decommissioned in December 2001 when it became evident that the Seward Highway 

site exhibited higher concentrations. 

Sand Lake

(discontinued)

Monitoring began at this neighborhood-scale site in 1980 and was discontinued in March

1998. This station was located on Raspberry Road approximately 0.3 miles east of Jewel 

Lake Road in west Anchorage. The last exceedance was recorded here in 1989.

Seward 

Highway

(discontinued)

Monitoring began at this micro-scale site, located on the southwest corner of the 

intersection of Benson Blvd. and Seward Highway, in October of 1987. In the late 80’s 

and early 90’s this site frequently measured exceedances of the NAAQS. However, no 

exceedances were measured after calendar year 1996. This station was decommissioned in 

December 2004 when it became clear that future exceedances at this site were unlikely and 

the highest CO concentrations were occurring in residential areas.

Jewel Lake

(discontinued)

Monitoring began here at this neighborhood-scale site in west Anchorage in October 2002 

and was discontinued in March 2004 because CO concentrations were lower than the other 

three sites in the network. 

Bowman

(discontinued)

Monitoring at this neighborhood-scale site in south Anchorage was conducted between 

January 2006 and March 2007. Monitoring was terminated when it became apparent that 

CO concentrations were very low at this site.
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.B.4 - 3

The locations of the monitoring sites are shown on the maintenance area boundary map 

(Figure III.B.2-1) in Section III.B.2. 

Continued Monitoring

The Clean Air Act Section 110(a)(2)(B) (42 U.S.C. 7410(a)(2)(B)) requires implementation 

plans to provide for the “establishment and operation of appropriate devices, methods, 

systems, and procedures necessary to monitor, compile, and analyze data on ambient air 

quality....” The MOA is committed to the continued CO monitoring as required by Title III, 

Section 319 of the Clean Air Act and the EPA Administrator and will operate monitoring 

sites in compliance with EPA monitoring guidelines set out in 40 CFR Part 58 “Ambient Air 

Quality Surveillance” and Appendices A through G of Part 58. Three saturation monitoring 

studies have been conducted by the MOA to assess the adequacy of the monitoring network. 

The 1997-98 saturation study resulted in the establishment of the Turnagain Station in west 

Anchorage. Any changes to the monitoring network are discussed in advance with the 

ADEC and EPA Region 10. The EPA Administrator has final authority on the placement of 

monitoring sites.
Adopted February 22, 2013

(This page serves as a placeholder for two-sided copying)
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.B.10 - 1

As part of this LMP, Section III.B.10 below is re-titled and will replace the previously 

adopted section entitled “Motor Vehicle Emissions Budget.”

III.B.10 Air Quality Conformity Procedures

Note: This section of the maintenance plan was revised in June 2012 as part of the 

preparation of a limited maintenance plan for CO. At the same time Section III.B.10 was 

revised, a new section (Section III.B.12) was added. Together Section III.B.10 and Section 

III.B.12 constitute the Anchorage CO Limited Maintenance Plan.

Regional Conformity Determination Methodology

Before any regional transportation plan can be adopted or amended, the metropolitan 

planning organization is required to make an affirmative determination that it meets 

conformity requirements outlined in 40 CFR 93. Although EPA policy does not exempt CO 

LMP areas from the need to demonstrate conformity, it allows the area to do so without 

completing a regional emissions analysis. EPA guidance states that “emissions budgets in 

limited maintenance plan areas may be treated as essentially not constraining.” *

When a regional conformity determination is made for a transportation plan or improvement 

program it should state that a regional emission analysis is not required because the area has 

an approved LMP for CO. The Plan and the TIP must still be made available for public 

review. The interagency consultation requirements specified in 40 CFR 93.112 and under 

state regulation, 18 AAC 50 .715 and 50.720 still apply. To meet requirements outlined in 

40 CFR 93.113, the conformity determination must also address whether the transportation 

control measures in the SIP are being implemented in a timely manner. 

The EPA 

has concluded that for transportation purposes, the emissions in a qualifying LMP area need 

not be capped for the maintenance period and thus no emissions budget is required in the 

maintenance plan. A regional emissions analysis and associated regional conformity 

requirements (40 CFR 93.118 and 93.119) are no longer applicable. Similarly, federal 

actions subject to the general conformity rule would automatically satisfy the “budget test”

specified in Section 93.158(a)(5)(i)(A) for the same reasons.

Project-Level Conformity Methodology

CO LMP areas are not exempt from project-level or “hot spot” analysis requirements 

outlined in 40 CFR93.116 & 123. A project-level hot-spot analysis consists of performing 

dispersion modeling to determine whether a project will cause or contribute to any new 

violations of ambient standards or increase the frequency or severity of existing violations. 

This hot-spot modeling requirement applies to certain types of projects in all non-attainment 

and maintenance areas. Thus, in Anchorage, hot-spot CO modeling must be performed in 

project-level conformity determinations for these types of projects (spelled out in 40 CFR 

93.123(a)). 

 

* Memorandum “Limited Maintenance Plan Option for Nonclassifiable CO Nonattainment Areas,”

Joseph W. Paisie, EPA, Oct 6, 1995
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.B.10 - 2

The EPA has released guidance on how the MOVES model should be used to prepare 

project level conformity analyses.16† Inputs to the hot-spot modeling include link-specific 

vehicle emission factors for roadway segments in the project vicinity. For project-level 

analyses, these emission factors will be developed in one of two ways, depending on the 

type of project. Through the interagency consultation process, a project will be put into one 

of two tracks as follows:

1. Projects that do not significantly impact off-network emissions (e.g., projects that are 

not likely to affect the amount of initial idling and/or engine block heater use in the 

project area) will follow a more routine approach to computing emission impacts using 

MOVES. Off-network emissions will not be directly modeled in the analyses of these 

projects, as they do not change as a result of the project. For these types of projects, offnetwork emissions are accounted for in the background concentration input in 

CAL3QHC. The interagency consultation team should determine the appropriate CO 

background concentration used to model the project.‡ 

2. Those projects that do significantly impact off-network emissions (e.g., construction of 

facilities like parking lots that add substantially to start emissions in the project area, or 

projects that are likely to affect the amount of initial idling and/or engine block heater 

use in the area) will follow a process that incorporates off-network emissions, roadway 

link emissions and background concentration. The EPA MOVES guidance for project 

level analyses describes how off network emissions should be modeled. The interagency 

consultation team should review and approve the assumptions that are used in this 

modeling. The consultation team should also evaluate and determine the appropriate 

dispersion model used to model the ambient CO impacts expected from these off 

network emissions.

The interagency consultation process will be the key means of ensuring that projects are 

placed in the correct track for calculation of emission impacts. The interagency consultation 

process will also be important in ensuring that appropriate analyses of project emission 

impacts are conducted under the two scenarios listed above. Moreover, it is important that 

the interagency process be used to develop guidance so that consistent methodologies are 

utilized in project-level analyses. Hot spot modeling is often required in project-level 

conformity determinations. When possible, the interagency consultation process should be 

used to develop written guidance regarding modeling inputs and assumptions and these 

assumptions should be consistent with those employed in the maintenance demonstration in 

 

† This endnote was already included in the references section of the original Anchorage CO SIP adopted by the 

State of Alaska in September 2011. This footnote references an EPA document entitled: “Using MOVES in 

Project Level Carbon Monoxide Analyses”, EPA-420-B-10-041, December 2010.

‡ Typically, background CO is estimated from background or neighborhood-scale monitors in the vicinity. 

However, in Anchorage, CO concentrations monitored in some residential areas are substantially higher than 

those near major roadways. For example, a CO monitoring study conducted in 1997-98 showed that CO 

concentrations measured at the Turnagain and Garden sites, which are located on relatively low volume 

residential streets, were 20% to 50% higher than concentrations measured near major roadway intersections 

such as the Seward Highway & Benson Boulevard, Old Seward Highway & Dimond Boulelvard, or Lake Otis

Boulevard & Tudor Road. CO concentrations along these major arterials were lower even though their traffic 

volumes were an order of magnitude higher than the neighborhood sites. Evidence suggests that mechanical 

turbulence from traffic effectively increases the mixing volume at intersection sites and reduces overall CO 

concentrations. Mechanical turbulence would have a similar effect in reducing the background CO 

concentration in the vicinity of projects with appreciable traffic. This should be considered by the interagency 

consultation team when determining an appropriate background concentration.
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.B.10 - 3

this Plan. As always, conformity determinations will be subject to the applicable public 

review requirements. This provides the public an opportunity to comment on the approach 

that is taken for the conformity determination for each plan, program, and project.

General Conformity

For projects requiring general conformity determinations, it is also important to consider the 

impacts of off-network motor vehicle emissions (e.g., idle emissions). Interagency 

consultation shall be used to determine whether off-network mobile source emissions are 

significant and what analysis of these emissions is appropriate for determining general 

conformity. An example of a project of this type is an airport expansion.
(This page serves as a placeholder for two-sided copying)
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.B.12 - 1

SECTION III.B ANCHORAGE CARBON MONOXIDE CONTROL PROGRAM

III.B.12. Limited Maintenance Plan for 2014-2024

Note: This is a new section added to the CO Maintenance Plan. Section III.B.10, which 

addresses CO conformity, was revised and submitted at the same time to reflect the 

simplified conformity process required for limited maintenance areas. Minor revisions were 

also made to Section III.B.4 that provide additional flexibility in the operation of the 

Anchorage CO monitoring network.

Background

When the EPA first approved the Anchorage CO Maintenance Plan, effective July 23, 2004, 

it initiated a 20-year maintenance planning period as defined in the CAA. The CAA 

requires the submission of a second maintenance plan eight years after the redesignation that 

covers the second ten years of the maintenance planning period. Thus, an updated “second 

10-year maintenance plan” for Anchorage is required for the period July 23, 2014 through 

July 22, 2024. 

The EPA provides areas with design values less than 7.65 ppm the option of preparing their 

second 10-year maintenance plan using the limited maintenance plan (LMP) procedure. The 

basic elements of the LMP procedure for CO are described in a guidance memorandum, 

referred to as the Paise memo.§

The Paise memo identifies five core provisions that should be included in the LMP. These 

are: (1) an attainment inventory; (2) a maintenance demonstration, (3) monitoring to verify 

continued attainment of the CO NAAQS; (4) a contingency plan; and (5) conformity 

determination requirements under an LMP. These are discussed in more detail below.

 Anchorage has decided to use the LMP option for this 

second 10-year maintenance plan update. 

Discussion of Core LMP Provisions 

1. Attainment Inventory

The Paise memo states that “the State should develop an attainment emissions inventory to 

identify the level of emission in the area which is sufficient to attain the NAAQS.” A 

comprehensive inventory was prepared for base year 2007 that showed that motor vehicle 

emissions were responsible for approximately 79% of all CO emissions in the Anchorage 

bowl inventory area. The emission inventory was prepared for a “CO design day” when CO 

concentrations are the highest. In Anchorage, the highest CO concentrations tend to occur on 

mid-winter weekdays when temperatures are near zero. The assumptions and computations 

involved in producing this inventory are described in detail in Section III.B.3 and its 

appendix. 

Results of 2007 emission inventory are re-summarized in Table III.B.12-1.

Table III.B.12-1

Sources of Anchorage CO Emissions in 2007 Base Year

 

§ Memorandum “Limited Maintenance Plan Option for Nonclassifiable CO Nonattainment Areas,”

Joseph W. Paisie, EPA, Oct 6, 1995
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.B.12 - 2

Source Category

CO Emitted

(tons per day) % of total

Motor vehicle – running emissions 40.5 25.4%

Motor vehicle – start emissions 84.8 53.4%

Motor vehicle – extended idling by 

combination long-haul trucks 0.3 0.1%

Subtotal – Motor Vehicles 125.6 78.9%

Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport 

Operations 12.4 7.8%

Merrill Field Airport Operations 0.7 0.4%

Wood burning – fireplaces and wood stoves 6.2 3.9%

Space heating – natural gas 3.8 2.4%

Miscellaneous (railroad, marine,

snowmobiles, snow removal, portable 

electrical generators, welding, etc.) 9.3 5.8%

Point sources (power generation, sewage 

sludge incineration) 1.3 0.8%

Subtotal – Other Sources 33.7 21.1%

TOTAL – ALL SOURCES 159.3 100%

2. Maintenance Demonstration

According to the Paise memo, the maintenance demonstration requirement is considered to 

be satisfied “if the monitoring data show that the area is meeting the air quality criteria for 

limited maintenance areas.” Areas with design values of 7.65 ppm (85% of the CO 

NAAQS) or less qualify for the LMP option.**

Unlike previous CO attainment and maintenance plans prepared for Anchorage, when an 

LMP is prepared there is no requirement to forecast CO emissions or concentrations to 

demonstrate compliance with the NAAQS. When EPA approves an LMP, it concludes that 

it is unreasonable to expect that emission growth during the maintenance period would result 

in a violation of the NAAQS.

Table III.B.12.2 shows that design value as defined in the Paise memo (DVPaise) has

consistently met the 7.65 ppm criteria since 2006. The DVPaise in base year 2007 was 6.1 

 

** It should be noted that the Paise memo definition of design value is different than the design value defined 

earlier in Section III.B.6. In Section III.B.6 the design value is the upper-bound 90th percentile prediction 

interval value for 2007 computed from second 8-hour maximum values measured at the Turnagain CO monitor 

between 1999 and 2008. The design value as defined in the Paise memo, is determined by examining the 

second maximum 8-hour concentration recorded each year at each monitoring site in the area over a two-year 

period. For each site, the higher of the two values is the design value for that site for that two-year period. To 

determine the design value for an area for that two-year period, all monitors in the area are reviewed and the 

highest design value among the individual sites is the design value for the area as a whole. Because the Paise 

definition of the design value is different than the design value referred to in Section III.B.6, it is referred to as 

DVPaise in this section.
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.B.12 - 3

ppm. In 2011, the value was 6.0 ppm. The Turnagain monitor has consistently measured 

the highest CO concentrations in the network and thus been the controlling site in the 

determination of the design value.

III.B.12.2

Computed Design Values (DVPaise) in Anchorage 2002 - 2011

Highest 2nd Max 8-hr Concentration 

Measured in Preceding Two-Years

Garden DVPaise

Seward

Hwy Turnagain DHHS

2002 5.7 5.2 7.7 7.7

2003 5.7 5.4 6.7 6.7

2004 6.4 5.5 7.9 7.9

2005 6.4 7.9 7.9

2006 4.8 6.1 6.1

2007 4.3 6.1 6.1

2008 3.8 5.5 3.1 5.5

2009 4.4 5.8 3.6 5.8

2010 4.4 6.1 3.6 6.1

2011 3.8 6.1 2.8 6.1

The Paise memo also notes, that as part of the maintenance demonstration, any control 

measures in the SIP must be continued. Current CO control measures for Anchorage are 

described in Section III.B.5. These primary control measures include: (1) an air quality 

public awareness program aimed at promoting use of engine block heaters to reduce CO 

cold start emissions and the promotion of bicycling walking, transit and other alternatives to 

the single occupancy vehicle; (2) a transit marketing program; and (3) carpooling and 

vanpooling. 

3. Monitoring Network/Verification of Continued Attainment

The Paise memo states that the LMP should provide for continued operation of a CO 

monitoring network consistent with requirements outlined in 40 CFR 58. Anchorage is 

committed to maintaining a CO monitoring network to verify continued attainment of the 

NAAQS. Additionally, because the Turnagain monitor consistently measures the highest 

CO concentrations in the network, the Municipality of Anchorage supports ongoing 

continuation of a monitoring site in the Turnagain neighborhood.†† The specifics of the CO

monitoring network are discussed in Section III.B.4. Commitments to continue monitoring 

as described in that section remain in force with this LMP.

4. Contingency Plan

The Paise memo notes that Section 175A of the CAA requires that a maintenance plan 

include contingency provisions. Section III.B.7 of this Plan provides a menu of six possible 

contingency measures that could be implemented if Anchorage failed to attain the CO 

 

†† The MOA recognizes the importance of assessing CO concentrations in high impact neighborhoods and 

intends to continue monitoring at the Turnagain site. However, the MOA cannot provide an on-going

commitment to monitoring at any particular site because of the possibility of unforeseen logistical and/or 

budgetary constraints.
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.B.12 - 4

NAAQS. These include: (1) increasing public awareness and education, transit, carpool and 

vanpool promotion efforts; (2) curtailing or limiting the use of fireplaces and woodstoves 

and other wood burning appliances when high CO is predicted; (3) promoting an increase in 

transit ridership among commuters by offering reduced fares or free transit for employees of 

companies that contribute to the subsidy; (4) reinstating the engine block heater installation 

subsidy; (5) reinstating the ethanol-blended gasoline requirement; and (6) reinstating the I/M 

program. 

The contingency provisions discussed in Section III.B.7 remain unchanged. This LMP does 

not alter the commitments or the timelines for implementing contingency measures 

described in that section. 

5. Conformity Determinations under LMPs

When the LMP is approved or found adequate by the EPA, a regional emissions analysis

will no longer required as part of the regional transportation conformity determination 

process that must accompany the adoption of all metropolitan transportation plans and 

improvement programs adopted by AMATS. The conformity requirements and procedures 

that will be employed by AMATS after this LMP has been approved or found adequate by 

the EPA are discussed in Section III.B.10. This section was revised as part of the 

preparation of the LMP. Prior to revision, this section set forth a CO emission budget for 

use in the conformity determination process. As noted earlier, a regional emissions analysis

is not required in limited maintenance areas, so a CO emissions budget is no longer needed. 

Section III.B.10, as revised, describes the simplified conformity process that will be utilized 

when this LMP is approved or found adequate for conformity purposes by the EPA.

Planning Process used to Develop the Anchorage CO LMP‡‡

The local planning process used to develop air quality plans in Anchorage is described in 

detail in Section III.B.1. This same process was used to develop this LMP. The first draft 

of this LMP was prepared in June 2012. A public review draft was released for 30-day 

public review by the AMATS Technical Advisory Committee on September 13, 2012. The 

AMATS Air Quality Advisory Committee met on October 2, 2012 to review the public 

review draft. Although they did not assemble a quorum, they forwarded their informal 

endorsement of the LMP, as drafted, to the AMATS Technical and Policy Committees. The 

AMATS Policy Committee recommended that the Anchorage Assembly adopt the LMP on 

December 20, 2012. The Assembly adopted the LMP and associated amendments to 

Section III.B.4 and III.B.10 on January 29, 2013.

ADEC held a public hearing on the LMP on February 12, 2013. After review and 

consideration of the comments received, the LMP was forwarded to the EPA.

 

‡‡ This section will be completed when the public review and approval process is completed. The narrative in 

this paragraph will likely be revised. 
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation

Amendments to:

State Air Quality Control Plan

Vol. II: Analysis of Problems, Control Actions

Section III.C: Fairbanks Transportation Control Program

Adopted

February 22, 2013

Sean Parnell, Governor 

Larry Hartig, Commissioner
Adopted February 22, 2013

(This page serves as a placeholder for two-sided copying)
Adopted February 22, 2013

Fairbanks Limited 

CO Maintenance Plan

A plan addressing the second 10 years of the 2004 -2024 CO 

maintenance planning period

Vol. II: Analysis of Problems, Control Actions

Section III.C: Fairbanks Transportation Control Program

Prepared by the 

Fairbanks North Star Borough

for submission to the

Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation

for inclusion in the 

State Implementation Plan for Air Quality 

Adopted

February 22, 2013
Adopted February 22, 2013

(This page serves as a placeholder for two-sided copying)
Adopted February 22, 2013

A note on the format and organization of this document.

This document is organized and formatted to be consistent with the State of Alaska Air 

Quality Control Plan or SIP. The previously adopted Fairbanks CO Maintenance Plan 

encompassed Sections III.C.1 – C.11 of the SIP. A new Section III.C.12, entitled

Limited Maintenance Plan for 2014-2024, has been added to the original document and 

Section III.C.10, which addresses air quality conformity procedures for CO, has been 

revised. Other sections of the document (III.C.1 – III.C.9 and III.C.11) have been 

changed as needed to provide consistency with the information presented. Revisions to 

those sections are included in this document. 
Adopted February 22, 2013

(This page serves as a placeholder for two-sided copying)
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.3 - 1

Introductory Note: In this document each reference to “CAAA” means the 

Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, P.L. 101-549. 

As part of this LMP, the emission inventory portions of Section III.C.3 have been revised to

replace the previously adopted introductory section and subsections entitled “2005 Base 

Year Inventory,” “Base 2006-2015 Modeling Inventories,” “Additional 2005 – 2016 

Reductions,” and “Carbon Monoxide Trends.”

III.C.3 Air Quality Emissions Data

Section 187 of the CAA requires three types of emission inventories for all moderate CO 

nonattainment areas. The three types of inventories are base year inventories, periodic 

inventories, and modeling inventories. In accordance with these requirements, previous 

plans included a series of nonattainment inventories for Fairbanks (1) 1990 base year 

inventory, (2) 1993 periodic inventory, (3) 1995 and 2000 projected year inventories, (4) 

1996 periodic inventory, (5) 1995-2001 base year inventory and projections, and (6) 2002-

2015 base year inventory and projections.

*

Section 175A of the CAA defines the general required framework of a maintenance plan. 

Specifically, it requires that the plan provide for maintenance of the relevant NAAQS for at 

least 10 years after redesignation. These provisions have been further clarified through the 

release of subsequent EPA guidance.

3

 This guidance includes a requirement that an 

attainment emissions inventory be included in the maintenance plan to identify the level of

emissions in the area which is sufficient to attain the NAAQS. According to the guidance:

This inventory should be consistent with EPA’s most recent guidance on emission 

inventories for nonattainment areas available at the time and include the emissions 

during the time period associated with the monitoring data showing attainment.

The guidance goes on to indicate that for carbon monoxide (CO) nonattainment areas, the 

inventory should be based on actual “typical CO season day” emissions for the attainment 

year. Based on extensive consultation among the Borough, ADEC and EPA Region 10 staff,

calendar year 2005 was selected as the most appropriate base year for the attainment 

inventory.†

 An emissions inventory was subsequently developed for this year and is

included in Appendix III.C.3. Additional yearly modeling inventories up through 2015 were 

also developed to demonstrate continued maintenance of the NAAQS through the required

10-year timeframe after redesignation.

As discussed in Section III.C.2, the Fairbanks CO nonattainment area consists of the urban 

portion of the FNSB. Accordingly, the attainment and modeling inventories are all focused 

on this specific area. Unlike earlier Fairbanks CO nonattainment inventories, emissions 

originating in the remainder of FNSB are not included in the attainment or modeling 

inventories. The inventories were prepared based on EPA guidance. Detailed estimates of 

emissions were prepared for on-road mobile sources, non-road mobile sources, area sources, 

 

* A Sierra Research memorandum dated November 20, 2012 comparing the current 2005-2015 base year 

emission inventory to the 2002-2015 base year inventory is included in Appendix III.C.3

† The term “attainment inventory” is used to be consistent with that contained in the referenced EPA guidance 

memorandum. It refers to the emissions inventory that is to be included in the maintenance plan identifying 

the level of emissions in Fairbanks sufficient to attain the CO NAAQS.
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.3 - 2

and point sources. The on-road mobile source portion of each inventory was prepared using 

EPA’s mobile source emission model, MOVES2010b (dated June 2012), which includes

revisions to reflect the CO benefits of emission control technologies introduced to meet Tier

II emission standards. MOVES2010b input parameters also reflect the design elements of 

the Fairbanks I/M program prior to its termination effective January 1, 2010. The 

MOVES2010b-based vehicle emissions do not include any adjustments to reflect the 

benefits of engine block heater plug-in use.‡

2005 Base Year Inventory

The 2005 inventory prepared for the Fairbanks nonattainment area provides estimates of 

daily emissions calculated for a typical winter weekday during calendar year 2005. Total 

CO emissions are estimated to be 85.68 tons per day (tpd) prior to the implementation of 

additional local control measures, which are addressed separately below. Roadway 

emissions produce the bulk (45.79 tpd or 53%) of the total CO emitted per day in the 

nonattainment area, based on a travel estimate of 917,608 vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per 

winter weekday provided by the ADOT&PF.16 In addition, point sources (primarily power 

plants) account for about 4%, area sources (including residential wood combustion) for 

about 26%, and nonroad sources for about 17% of total daily CO emissions.

Base 2006-2015 Modeling Inventories

The base 2006-2015 modeling inventories account for the elimination of the inspection and 

maintenance (I/M) program after 2009. This results in a slight increase in on-road mobile 

emissions as the analysis assumes no residual benefits remain after the program is ended. 

The base modeling inventories exhibit a net decline between 2005 and 2009, increase in 

2010 due to the loss of the emission benefits from the I/M program, and increase slowly by 

about 1% per year through 2015. 

Overall, base emissions(i.e., those that do not account for the implementation of additional 

local control measures) are projected to increase by 4.80 tpd (6%) between the 2005 

attainment year and the 2015 horizon planning year. This is because motor vehicle 

emissions are forecast to marginally decrease by only 1.2% and do not offset the growth in 

emissions from other sources estimated for the same period. Traditionally, motor vehicle 

CO rates have been forecast to decline substantially over time and those reductions have 

offset growth in other source categories. The current version of MOVES, however, projects 

starting CO emission rates to increase through 2015. Reductions in projecting running 

emissions are insufficient to offset the growth in running emissions, which leads to a small 

growth in overall motor vehicle CO emissions. 

Table III.C.3-1 summarizes both the 2005 attainment inventory and the base 2006-2015 

modeling inventories for the Fairbanks nonattainment area. 

 

‡ Earlier versions of the CO Maintenance Plan inventories included emission benefits for wintertime plug-in 

use based on cold-temperature emission measurements conducted in Fairbanks with and without plug-in use. 

The benefits from these testing data were applied within an Alaska-specific version of the MOVES 

predecessor, AKMOBILE6 had been formally reviewed and approved for use in Alaska by EPA. For this 

MOVES-based LMP inventory, no plug-in benefits were assumed because no EPA-approved Alaska version of 

MOVES yet exists.
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.3 - 3

Table III.C.3-1

Base Fairbanks CO Emissions Inventory: Nonattainment Area Totals by Year

CO (tpd)

Nonroad Sources 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Agricultural Equipment - - - - - -

Aircraft & Airport GSE Total 3.70 3.72 3.91 3.95 3.96 4.00

Commercial Equipment Total 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15

Construction and Mining Equipment Total - - - - - -

Industrial Equipment Total 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09

Lawn and Garden Equipment Total 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Logging Equipment Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft Total - - - - - -

Railroad Operations (Locomotives) 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20

Railroad Equipment Total* 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Recreational Equipment Total 10.66 10.72 11.24 11.37 11.39 11.50

Underground Mining Equipment Total - - - - - -

TOTAL Nonroad Sources 14.80 14.89 15.61 15.78 15.82 15.97

Area Sources

Residential Wood Burning 21.23 21.37 22.40 22.65 22.70 22.93

Fuel Oil 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05

Propane 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Coal 0.57 0.58 0.60 0.61 0.61 0.62

Natural Gas 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Industrial Processes – Commercial Cooking 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

Structural Fires 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11

TOTAL Area Sources 22.00 22.14 23.21 23.47 23.52 23.75

Point Sources

MAPCO (Williams/Flint Hills) 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09

Eielson 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Fort Wainwright 1.45 1.46 1.53 1.55 1.55 1.57

GVEA/North Pole 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

Alaska RR Heating Plant 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

University of Alaska-Fairbanks 0.50 0.50 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.54

Petro – Star 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Fairbanks MUS (Aurora) 1.02 1.03 1.08 1.09 1.09 1.10

Alyeska Pump Station #8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

TOTAL Point Sources 3.09 3.11 3.26 3.30 3.31 3.34

On-Road Mobile Sources

Running Emissions 12.56 11.68 10.87 9.85 8.13 8.47

Starting Emissions 33.22 35.00 36.11 36.02 33.60 35.05

Extended Idle Combination Truck Emissions 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Total On-Road Mobile Sources 45.79 46.70 47.00 45.88 41.75 43.54

GRAND TOTAL 85.68 86.84 89.08 88.44 84.40 86.61

* Does not include emissions from locomotive engines.
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.3 - 4

Table III.C.3-1 (cont.)

Base Fairbanks CO Emissions Inventory: Nonattainment Area Totals by Year

CO (tpd)

Nonroad Sources 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Agricultural Equipment - - - - -

Aircraft & Airport GSE Total 4.04 4.08 4.12 4.16 4.20

Commercial Equipment Total 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16

Construction and Mining Equipment Total - - - - -

Industrial Equipment Total 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

Lawn and Garden Equipment Total 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Logging Equipment Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft Total - - - - -

Railroad Operations (Locomotives) 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.21

Railroad Equipment Total* 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Recreational Equipment Total 11.62 11.74 11.85 11.97 12.09

Underground Mining Equipment Total - - - - -

TOTAL Nonroad Sources 16.13 16.29 16.46 16.62 16.79

Area Sources

Residential Wood Burning 23.16 23.39 23.62 23.86 24.10

Fuel Oil 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05

Propane 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Coal 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.64 0.65

Natural Gas 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Industrial Processes – Commercial Cooking 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

Structural Fires 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12

TOTAL Area Sources 23.99 24.23 24.47 24.72 24.96

Point Sources

MAPCO (Williams/Flint Hills) 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09

Eielson 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Fort Wainwright 1.58 1.60 1.61 1.63 1.65

GVEA/North Pole 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

Alaska RR Heating Plant 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

University of Alaska-Fairbanks 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.56 0.57

Petro – Star 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Fairbanks MUS (Aurora) 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.15 1.16

Alyeska Pump Station #8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

TOTAL Point Sources 3.37 3.41 3.44 3.47 3.51

On-Road Mobile Sources

Running Emissions 8.15 7.66 7.37 7.13 6.93

Starting Emissions 35.67 36.27 37.03 37.60 38.27

Extended Idle Combination Truck Emissions 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Total On-Road Mobile Sources 43.83 43.95 44.42 44.75 45.22

GRAND TOTAL 87.33 87.88 88.79 89.56 90.48

* Does not include emissions from locomotive engines.
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.3 - 5

Additional 2005-2015 Reductions

Additional CO emissions reductions beyond those incorporated into the base 2005-2015 

modeling inventories shown in Table III.C.3-1 are also projected to occur due to the 

implementation of additional local control measures. These measures, which are described 

in detail in Section III.C.5, include the following:

• Episodic woodstove burning ban §

• Oxygen sensor replacement program;

;

• OBD-I/M inspections of heavy-duty gas vehicles (HDGVs) until 2009; and

• Other measures (e.g., transit). 

Table III.C.3-2 shows the additional emissions reductions projected for these measures, as 

well as the adjusted CO emissions totals estimated for each of the inventory years. 

Table III.C.3-2

Adjusted Fairbanks CO Emissions Inventory:

Nonattainment Area Totals*

CO (tpd)

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Baseline Inventory 85.68 86.84 89.08 88.44 84.40 86.61

Wood Burning Ban 2.31 2.38 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.47

Oxygen Sensor 

Replacement 0.28 0.50 0.46 0.29 0.13 0.03

HDGV OBD-I/M 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00

Other 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

Total Reduction 2.62 2.92 2.90 2.75 2.61 2.53

Adjusted Inventory 83.06 83.92 86.18 85.69 81.79 84.08

CO (tpd)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Baseline Inventory 87.33 87.88 88.79 89.56 90.48

Wood Burning Ban 2.49 2.51 2.53 2.55 2.58

Oxygen Sensor 

Replacement 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HDGV OBD-I/M 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Other 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

Total Reduction 2.52 2.54 2.56 2.58 2.61

Adjusted Inventory 84.81 85.34 86.23 86.98 87.87

*See the Sierra Research memorandum, “Fairbanks Carbon Monoxide Maintenance Plan Emission Inventory 

Control Measure Adjustments,” dated October 25, 2007, in Appendix III.C.3-2 for emission calculations of 

control strategy benefits.

 

§ In October 2012, a citizen’s initiative passed removing the Borough’s ability to place restrictions on fuel 

heating devices, thus eliminating ordinance 2003-71’s ability to institute this control measure. Therefore, 

under 18AAC 50.075, the department will ensure the implementation of this measure should it be needed. 
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.3 - 6

The impact of these reductions on the continued probability of attainment in Fairbanks is 

discussed in Section III.C.8. 

Carbon Monoxide Trends

Because vehicle travel is such a large source of CO emissions in the Fairbanks area, it is 

instructive to review past trends in both population and travel, as well as ambient CO 

concentrations. A review of historical population and traffic data is presented below.

Population Growth

Fairbanks was established in the early 1900s as a trading post serving gold prospectors in the 

area. During the first part of the century, the population peaked and waned according to the 

price and availability of gold. Completion of the Alaska Highway in the 1940s, plus

increased military activity in the area due to World War II, combined to cause considerable

growth. By 1950, the population of the Fairbanks Census District (an area somewhat larger 

than the current boundaries of the Fairbanks North Star Borough) had grown to 19,409.

Continued military spending and increased governmental growth resulted in renewed 

economic activity and growth in population during the 1950s. By 1960, the population of the

Fairbanks Census District had risen to 43,412. In the 1960s, military influence in the area

leveled off, while increased oil exploration on the North Slope accounted for a 15% increase

in population during the decade. The Fairbanks North Star Borough was formed in the mid1960s. The 1970 Census District population of 50,043 can be compared to a Borough 

population for the same year of 45,864.

Construction of the Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline during the 1970s resulted in a large population 

influx into the area. FNSB population peaked at 72,037 in 1976. With completion of the 

pipeline, the population fell dramatically to 51,659 in 1981. However, increased state and 

local governmental spending due to state oil revenues led to a resurgence in local economic 

activity and another growth spurt in population, resulting in a 1985 FNSB population of 

75,079.

Since 1985, population levels in the Fairbanks area have remained relatively unchanged. 

Increase in military activity due to the addition of a light infantry division to Fort Wainwright

acted to offset a reduction in state and local governmental spending due to declining oil

revenues. These factors resulted in a 1990 FNSB population of 77,720. According to the

Census,

5 the Borough population experienced little change between 1990 and 2000, with an

overall growth rate of 0.6% per year. During that same time period, the Census data indicate

that the population in the nonattainment area actually declined from 39,858 to 39,231, a

reduction of 0.16% per year. The decline in nonattainment area population during the 1990s 

is displayed in Figure III.C.3-2. It shows that while there was a net reduction in population,

the year-to-year change was very modest.
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.3 - 7

Figure III.C.3-2

Trends in Population and Average Daily Traffic for Fairbanks, Alaska (1990-2001)

Population forecasts for the 2005-2015 maintenance planning period show an increase of 

about 3% between 2005 and 2006 then a steady increase of about 1% each year to 2015. The

nonattainment area population estimated from historical data and projected forecasts from the 

2035 Metropolitan Transportation Plan (MTP) coupled with block-level population data 

from the 2010 U.S. Census is shown in Table III.C.3-3. The vehicle travel-specific

forecasts for the period are described in more detail below.

Growth in Vehicle Travel

Despite the reduction in population recorded between 1990 and 2000, the nonattainment

area still experienced a modest increase in travel during this decade. The increase is based

on traffic counts recorded at Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) and other

sites located throughout the Borough.

7 Figure III.C.3-2 shows that travel activity, measured

by average daily traffic counts, increased from 665,398 miles per day in 1990 to 752,992 

miles per day in 2001, a growth rate of 1.1% per year.
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.3 - 8

Table III.C.3-3

Projected Fairbanks Nonattainment Area Population

Calendar Year LRTP Population Forecast

2005 35,628

2006 36,720

2007 37,035

2008 37,354

2009 37,678

2010 38,007

2011 38,387

2012 38,771

2013 39,159

2014 39,550

2015 39,946

From 2002 through 2004, ADOT&PF reported an annual nonattainment area VMT growth 

rate of 1.2%. Starting in 2005, the projected growth in vehicle travel reported in the 

previous Maintenance Plan was updated using the VMT projections reported in the FMATS 

2035 MTP. The resulting annual VMT projections for the area during the 2005-2015 

maintenance planning period are shown in Table III.C.3-4.

Table III.C.3-4

Projected Vehicle Travel in the Fairbanks CO Nonattainment Area

(2005-2015)

Year Vehicle Miles Traveled

(per winter day)

2005 917,608

2006 905,801

2007 918,857

2008 932,102

2009 900,675

2010 869,249

2011 878,409

2012 887,570

2013 896,730

2014 905,890

2015 915,050
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.4 - 1

As part of this LMP, Section III.C.4 below has been revised and will replace the 

previously adopted section entitled “Carbon Monoxide Network Monitoring Program.”

III.C.4. Carbon Monoxide Network Monitoring Program

Although emission projections are used to track Reasonable Further Progress (RFP), it is 

actual ambient air quality monitoring data that determine whether an area attains the 

NAAQS by the required attainment date. The difficulty with using ambient monitoring data 

to assess progress toward attainment is the fluctuation in pollution concentrations caused by 

daily, weekly, and yearly variations in meteorological conditions, traffic levels, and other 

factors. However, it is important to monitor and compare ambient air quality concentrations 

to modeled emission projections to determine if the projections provide a reasonable 

surrogate for tracking progress toward attainment. Section 110(a)(2)(B) of the CAA requires 

that each implementation plan submitted to EPA provide for the establishment and operation 

of “appropriate devices, methods, systems, and procedures to monitor, compile, and analyze 

data on ambient air quality.”

The Arctic Health Research Center began ambient air quality sampling in Fairbanks in 1969. 

The results of the preliminary monitoring program indicated that high CO levels were 

occurring during the winter months. The Fairbanks area experiences severe wintertime 

temperature inversions, resulting in the trapping of pollutants near ground level, with little 

vertical dispersion. Low winds and the presence of hills around most of the urban area 

combine to limit horizontal dispersion as well.

In fulfillment of the ambient monitoring requirement, and to better understand Fairbanks’ air 

quality problems, the FNSB has operated a CO sampling network since the early 1970s. In

1972, the FNSB began continuous ambient CO monitoring in the downtown area. In 

addition, a grab sampling program to determine CO levels outside the downtown core area 

was conducted during the period 1976-1977, followed by mobile laboratory sampling during 

the winters of 1982-1985.

The monitoring network consisted of three sites (including one microscale, one middlescale, and one neighborhood monitoring site) operated October 1 through March 31 each 

year, with up to 30 days of additional operation at the beginning and end of the season for 

quality assurance calibration and audits. The microscale and neighborhood sites have been 

operated in their present configuration since 1985. In April 2002, the middle-scale 

monitoring site was moved from the State Office Building (where it had been since 1985) to 

the National Guard Armory, at the corner of Wien Street and 2nd Avenue (approximately 

2.5km to the west and 0.5km north of the old site) in order to provide an “off-axis” site 

relative to the other two monitoring sites. 

Recognition of declining CO concentrations led to the decommissioning of the CO monitors 

located at Hunter School and the National Guard Armory in recent years. The decision to 

retire these sites was made in coordination with EPA 10 Region staff. As part of that effort, 

DEC decided to locate the new NCORE multi-pollutant monitoring site in Fairbanks 

because, despite the progress in reducing CO concentrations, it has the most significant air 

quality impacts in the state. Presented below is a summary of the two CO monitoring sites 

that are currently operating in Fairbanks
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.4 - 2

Old Post Office - The site is located in the Old Post Office building at 250 Cushman Street 

at latitude 64° 50’ 43” north (64.845278), longitude 147° 43’ 16” west (-147.721111), and 

elevation of 140 meters (460 feet) above sea level. Figure III.C.4-1 shows a street map of 

downtown Fairbanks and satellite image of the area. The site is located in the middle of the 

central business district. This was the first monitoring site in Fairbanks, operated from

1972 through 1978, and then re-established in January 1985. Due to its long operating 

history, it provides the best picture of long-term trends in Fairbanks’ CO levels. It recorded 

the highest concentrations of any monitor in the original three-site network. The Old Post 

Office is a micro-scale, population-oriented site and it is equipped with a Thermo Electron 

48C CO monitor.

Figure III.C.4-1

Map and Satellite Image of the Old Post Office Monitoring Site

(the red dot indicates the site location)

NCore - The site is located approximately 32 meters north of the Chena River near the 

Fairbanks North Star Borough building on Pioneer Road at latitude of 64° 50′ 44.6′′ north 

(64.845690), longitude of 147° 43′ 38.2′′ west (-147.727413), and elevation of 472 feet (144 

meters) above sea level. There is a small patch of birch trees 6 to10 meter tall that sit 

approximately 32 meters to the east of the site. The heights of the trees exceed the height of 

the monitor inlets. There is a 12 meter tall building approximately 75 meters to the 

southeast of the site and a 7 meter tall building approximately 50 meters to the west. Figure 

III.C.4-2 shows a street map and the satellite image of the local area. This is a 

neighborhood-scale, population-oriented site and it is equipped with a Thermo Scientific 

Model 48i-TLE continuous CO monitor.
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.4 - 3

Figure III.C.4-2

Map and New Shelter of the NCore Monitoring Site 

(the red dot indicates the site location)

 

Given the close proximity of the two remaining monitors, DEC is considering dropping the 

Old Post Office site. A decision, however, will not be made until sufficient data is 

assembled for a correlation analysis that confirms the representativeness of concentrations 

recorded at the NCore site. 
Adopted February 22, 2013

(This page serves as a placeholder for two-sided copying)
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.6 - 1

As part of this LMP, Section III.C.6 below has been revised and will replace the 

previously adopted section entitled “Modeling and Projections.”

III.C.6 Modeling and Projections

In previous air quality plans, Fairbanks acknowledged the limitations of using rollback 

modeling to determine the emission reductions needed to demonstrate attainment of the 

ambient CO standard. The rollback modeling approach conflicted with EPA guidance that 

requires the use of dispersion modeling to demonstrate attainment of the NAAQS. However, 

concerns about Fairbanks’ ability to supply the data needed to accurately characterize 

emissions and meteorology within the modeling domain and the ability of dispersion models 

to adequately characterize low-level arctic inversions led EPA to accept the use of rollback 

modeling. Nevertheless, concerns about the limitations of rollback persisted and the history 

of attainment demonstrations that underestimated the emission reductions needed to ensure 

long-term attainment of the CO standard caused the Borough to agree to work with both 

EPA and a National Research Council (NRC) committee investigating CO to assess the 

feasibility of using dispersion models to accurately represent conditions leading to CO 

violations in Fairbanks. The Borough followed through on both of these commitments. This 

resulted in the development of a probabilistic rollback methodology that was used to 

demonstrate long-term attainment in the previous maintenance plan without the I/M 

Program. 

While this methodology was used to prepare an updated demonstration of attainment using 

MOVES based CO emission factors, the decision to pursue a LMP option eliminated the 

requirement to prepare the maintenance demonstration. EPA LMP guidance** states:

The maintenance demonstration requirement is considered to be satisfied for 

nonclassifiable areas if the monitoring data show that the area is meeting the air 

quality criteria for maintenance areas (7.65 ppm or 85% of the CO NAAQS). There 

is no requirement to project emissions over the maintenance period. The EPA 

believes if the area begins the maintenance period at or below 85 percent of the 

exceedance levels, the air quality along with the continued applicability of PSD 

requirements, any control measures already in the SIP and Federal measures, 

should provide adequate assurance of maintenance over the initial 10-year 

maintenance plan. 

To provide assurance that emissions growth does not threaten long-term maintenance a 

forecast of source specific emissions is presented from the base year through 2015 in 

Section III.C.3 Air Quality Emissions Data. Those forecasts show that CO emissions are 

only projected to increase by roughly 6% from 2005-2015. This modest increase is largely 

the result of an upward trend in CO starting emissions at low temperatures reflected in 

EPA’s latest MOVES2010b vehicle emission factor model.

 

** Memorandum “Limited Maintenance Plan Option for Nonclassifiable CO Nonattainment Areas,” Joseph 

W. Paisie, EPA, October 6, 1995
Adopted February 22, 2013

(This page serves as a placeholder for two-sided copying)
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.10 - 1

As part of this LMP, Section III.C.10 below is re-titled and will replace the previously 

adopted section entitled “Motor Vehicle Emissions Budget.”

III.C.10 Air Quality Conformity Procedures

Note: This section of the maintenance plan was revised in October 2012 as part of the 

preparation of a limited maintenance plan for CO. At the same time Section III.C.10 was 

revised, a new section (Section III.C.12) was added. Together Section III.C.10 and Section 

III.C.12 constitute the Fairbanks CO Limited Maintenance Plan.

Regional Conformity Determination Methodology

Before any regional transportation plan can be adopted or amended, the metropolitan 

planning organization is required to make an affirmative determination that it meets 

conformity requirements outlined in 40 CFR 93. Although EPA policy does not exempt CO 

LMP areas from the need to demonstrate conformity, it allows the area to do so without 

completing a regional emissions analysis. EPA guidance states that “emissions budgets in 

limited maintenance plan areas may be treated as essentially not constraining.”††

When a regional conformity determination is made for a transportation plan or improvement 

program, it should state that a regional emission analysis is not required because the area has 

an approved LMP for CO. The Plan and the TIP must still be made available for public 

review. The interagency consultation requirements specified in 40 CFR 93.112 and under 

state regulation 18 AAC 50 .715 and 50.720 still apply. To meet requirements outlined in 

40 CFR 93.113, the conformity determination must also address whether the transportation 

control measures in the SIP are being implemented in a timely manner. 

 The EPA 

has concluded that for transportation purposes, the emissions in a qualifying LMP area need 

not be capped for the maintenance period and thus no emissions budget is required in the 

maintenance plan. A regional emissions analysis and associated regional conformity 

requirements (40 CFR 93.118 and 93.119) are no longer applicable. Similarly, federal 

actions subject to the general conformity rule would automatically satisfy the “budget test”

specified in Section 93.158(a)(5)(i)(A) for the same reasons.

Project-Level Conformity Methodology

CO LMP areas are not exempt from project-level or “hot spot” analysis requirements 

outlined in 40 CFR93.116 & 123. A project-level hot-spot analysis consists of performing 

dispersion modeling to determine whether a project will cause or contribute to any new 

violations of ambient standards or increase the frequency or severity of existing violations. 

This hot-spot modeling requirement applies to certain types of projects in all nonattainment 

and maintenance areas. Thus, in Fairbanks, hot-spot CO modeling must be performed in 

project-level conformity determinations for these types of projects (spelled out in 40 CFR 

93.123(a)). 

The EPA has released guidance on how the MOVES model should be used to prepare 

project level conformity analyses.‡‡

 

†† Memorandum “Limited Maintenance Plan Option for Nonclassifiable CO Nonattainment Areas,”

Joseph W. Paisie, EPA, Oct 6, 1995

 Inputs to the hot-spot modeling include link-specific 

‡‡ “Using MOVES in Project Level Carbon Monoxide Analyses,” EPA-420-B-10-041, December 2010 
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.10 - 2

vehicle emission factors for roadway segments in the project vicinity. For project-level 

analyses, these emission factors will be developed in one of two ways, depending on the 

type of project. Through the interagency consultation process, a project will be put into one 

of two tracks, as described below.

1. Projects that do not significantly impact off-network emissions (e.g., projects that are not 

likely to affect the amount of initial idling and/or engine block heater use in the project 

area) will follow a more routine approach to computing emission impacts using 

MOVES. Off-network emissions will not be directly modeled in the analyses of these 

projects, as they do not change as a result of the project. For these types of projects, offnetwork emissions are accounted for in the background concentration input in 

CAL3QHC. The interagency consultation team should determine the appropriate CO 

background concentration used to model the project.§§ 

2. Those projects that do significantly impact off-network emissions (e.g., construction of 

facilities like parking lots that add substantially to start emissions in the project area, or 

projects that are likely to affect the amount of initial idling and/or engine block heater 

use in the area) will follow a process that incorporates off-network emissions, roadway 

link emissions, and background concentration. The EPA MOVES guidance for projectlevel analyses describes how off-network emissions should be modeled. The 

interagency consultation team should review and approve the assumptions that are used 

in this modeling. The consultation team should also evaluate and determine the 

appropriate dispersion model used to model the ambient CO impacts expected from 

these off-network emissions.

The interagency consultation process will be the key means of ensuring that projects are 

placed in the correct track for calculation of emission impacts. The interagency consultation 

process will also be important in ensuring that appropriate analyses of project emission 

impacts are conducted under the two scenarios listed above. Moreover, it is important that 

the interagency process be used to develop guidance so that consistent methodologies are 

utilized in project-level analyses. Hot spot modeling is often required in project-level 

conformity determinations. When possible, the interagency consultation process should be 

used to develop written guidance regarding modeling inputs and assumptions, and these 

assumptions should be consistent with those employed in the maintenance demonstration in 

this Plan. As always, conformity determinations will be subject to the applicable public 

review requirements. This provides the public an opportunity to comment on the approach 

that is taken for the conformity determination for each plan, program, and project.

General Conformity

For projects requiring general conformity determinations, it is also important to consider the 

impacts of off-network motor vehicle emissions (e.g., idle emissions). Interagency 

consultation shall be used to determine whether off-network mobile source emissions are 

significant and what analysis of these emissions is appropriate for determining general 

conformity. An example of a project of this type is an airport expansion.

 

§§ Typically, background CO is estimated from background or neighborhood-scale monitors in the vicinity. 
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.12 - 1

SECTION III.B FAIRBANKS CARBON MONOXIDE CONTROL PROGRAM

III.C.12. Limited Maintenance Plan for 2014-2024

Note: This is a new section added to the CO Maintenance Plan. Section III.C.3, which 

addresses the emissions inventory, was modified to reflect the calculation of MOVES based 

on-road vehicle emissions. Section III.C.10, which addresses CO conformity, was revised 

and submitted at the same time as Section III.C.12 to reflect the simplified conformity 

process required for limited maintenance areas.

Background

When the EPA first approved the Fairbanks CO Maintenance Plan, effective September 27, 

2004, it initiated a 20-year maintenance planning period as defined in the CAA. The CAA 

requires the submission of a second maintenance plan eight years after the redesignation that 

covers the second ten years of the maintenance planning period. Thus, an updated “second 

10-year maintenance plan” for Fairbanks is required for the period September 27, 2014,

through September 27, 2024. 

The EPA provides areas with design values less than 7.65 ppm the option of preparing their 

second 10-year maintenance plan using the limited maintenance plan (LMP) procedure. The 

basic elements of the LMP procedure for CO are described in a guidance memorandum, 

referred to as the Paisie memo.***

The Paisie memo identifies five core provisions that should be included in the LMP: (1) an 

attainment inventory; (2) a maintenance demonstration, (3) monitoring to verify continued 

attainment of the CO NAAQS; (4) a contingency plan; and (5) conformity determination 

requirements under an LMP. These are discussed in more detail below.

 Fairbanks has decided to use the LMP option for this 

second 10-year maintenance plan update. 

Discussion of Core LMP Provisions 

1. Attainment Inventory

The Paisie memo states that “the State should develop an attainment emissions inventory to 

identify the level of emission in the area which is sufficient to attain the NAAQS.” A 

comprehensive inventory was prepared for base year 2005 that showed that motor vehicle 

emissions were responsible for approximately 55% of all CO emissions in the Fairbanks 

nonattainment area. The emission inventory was prepared for a “CO design day” when CO 

concentrations are the highest. In Fairbanks, the highest CO concentrations tend to occur on 

mid-winter weekdays when temperatures are well below zero. The assumptions and 

computations involved in producing this inventory are described in detail in Section III.C.3 

and its appendix. 

Results of 2005 emission inventory are re-summarized in Table III.C.12-1.

 

*** Memorandum “Limited Maintenance Plan Option for Nonclassifiable CO Nonattainment Areas,”

Joseph W. Paisie, EPA, Oct 6, 1995
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.12 - 2

Table III.C.12-1

Sources of Fairbanks CO Emissions in 2005 Base Year

(tons/day)

Source Category CO Emitted % of Total

Motor Vehicle – running 12.47 15.0

Motor Vehicle – starting 32.99 39.7

Motor Vehicle – extended 

idle by combination trucks 0.02 0.0

Motor Vehicle -Total 45.48 54.8

Point 3.09 3.7

Area 19.69 23.7

Non-road 14.80 17.8

Subtotal – Other Sources 37.58 45.2

Total 83.06 100.0

2. Maintenance Demonstration

According to the Paisie memo, the maintenance demonstration requirement is considered to 

be satisfied “if the monitoring data show that the area is meeting the air quality criteria for 

limited maintenance areas.” Areas with design values of 7.65 ppm (85% of the CO 

NAAQS) or less qualify for the LMP option.†††

Unlike previous CO attainment and maintenance plans prepared for Fairbanks, when an 

LMP is prepared there is no requirement to forecast CO emissions or concentrations to 

demonstrate compliance with the NAAQS. When EPA approves an LMP, it concludes that 

it is unreasonable to expect that emission growth during the maintenance period would result 

in a violation of the NAAQS.

Table III.C.12.2 shows that design value as defined in the Paisie memo (DVPaisie) has 

consistently met the 7.65 ppm criteria since 2006. The DVPaisie in base year 2010 was 

4.9 ppm. In 2011, the value was 4.0 ppm. The Post Office monitor has consistently 

measured the highest CO concentrations in the network and thus has been the controlling 

site in the determination of the design value.

III.C.12.2

 

††† It should be noted that the Paisie memo definition of design value is different than the design value defined 

earlier in Section III.C.6. In Section III.C.6, the design value is the upper-bound 90th percentile prediction 

interval value for the winter 2005/2006 computed from second 8-hour maximum values measured at the Post 

Office between 1990 and 2006. The design value as defined in the Paisie memo is determined by examining 

the second maximum 8-hour concentration recorded each year at each monitoring site in the area over a twoyear period. For each site, the higher of the two values is the design value for that site for that two-year period. 

To determine the design value for an area for that two-year period, all monitors in the area are reviewed and 

the highest design value among the individual sites is the design value for the area as a whole. Because the 

Paisie definition of the design value is different than the design value referred to in Section III.C.6, it is 

referred to as DVPaisie in this section.
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.12 - 3

Fairbanks CO Design Value

Highest 2nd Max 8-hr Concentration 2002 – 2011

(ppm)

Year State Office

Building High School Post Office Armory DesignValue

2002 4.6 5.7 5.6 2.8 5.7

2003 - 5.2 5.2 3.5 5.2

2004 - 4.8 5.4 2.7 5.4

2005 - 4.3 4.5 2.4 4.5

2006 - 3.5 3.7 2.6 3.7

2007 - 3.1 3.2 2.1 3.2

2008 - 3.3 3.6 - 3.6

2009 - 2.8 2.9 - 2.9

2010 - - 4.9 - 4.9

2011 - - 4.0 - 4.0

The Paisie memo also notes that, as part of the maintenance demonstration, any control 

measures in the SIP must be continued. Current CO control measures for Fairbanks are 

described in Section III.C.5. These primary control measures include (1) expanded 

availability of plug-ins to promote use of engine block heaters to reduce CO cold start 

emissions; (2) a consumer-based oxygen sensor replacement program; (3) an episodic 

woodstove burn ban; and (4) voluntary programs that promote public awareness on actions 

to reduce CO, and transit system improvements. 

3. Monitoring Network/Verification of Continued Attainment

The Paisie memo states that the LMP should provide for continued operation of a CO 

monitoring network consistent with requirements outlined in 40 CFR 58. Fairbanks is 

committed to maintaining a CO monitoring network to verify continued attainment of the 

NAAQS. The specifics of this monitoring network are discussed in Section III.C.4. 

Commitments to continue monitoring as described in that section remain in force with this 

LMP.

4. Contingency Plan

The Paisie memo notes that Section 175A of the CAA requires that a maintenance plan 

include contingency provisions. Section III.C.7 of this Plan provides a menu of six possible 

contingency measures that could be implemented if Fairbanks failed to attain the CO 

NAAQS:

• Increased public awareness;

• Enhanced public transit;

• Expansion of the supply of plug-ins; 

• Altered signal timing;

• Roadway improvements; and
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.12 - 4

• Reintroduction of the I/M Program.

In the event monitoring data indicate that a violation of the ambient CO standard has 

occurred, the Borough would examine the data to assess the spatial extent (i.e., hot spot 

versus region) and severity of the episode as well as trends over time. Based on this 

information, Borough staff in consultation with ADEC would determine which of the above 

measures to implement.

The contingency provisions discussed in Section III.C.7 remain unchanged. This LMP does 

not alter the commitments or the timelines for implementing contingency measures 

described in that section. 

5. Conformity Determinations under LMPs

When the LMP is approved or found adequate by the EPA, a regional emissions analysis 

will no longer be required as part of the regional transportation conformity determination 

process that must accompany the adoption of all metropolitan transportation plans and 

improvement programs adopted by FMATS. The conformity requirements and procedures 

that will be employed by FMATS after this LMP has been approved or found adequate by 

the EPA are discussed in Section III.C.10. This section was revised as part of the 

preparation of the LMP. Prior to revision, this section set forth a CO emission budget for 

use in the conformity determination process. As noted earlier, a regional emissions analysis 

is not required in limited maintenance areas, so a CO emissions budget is no longer needed. 

Section III.C.10, as revised, describes the simplified conformity process that will be utilized 

when this LMP is approved or found adequate for conformity purposes by the EPA.

Planning Process Used to Develop the Fairbanks CO LMP‡‡‡

The local planning process used to develop air quality plans in Fairbanks is described in 

detail in Section III.C.1. This same process was used to develop this LMP. The first draft 

of this LMP was prepared in October 2012 with input from the Interagency Consultation 

held on October 29, 2012. A public review draft was released for 30-day public review by 

the FMATS Policy Committee on November 21, 2012. After consideration of comments 

from the public, on December 19, 2012, the FMATS Policy Committee recommended that 

the Fairbanks North Star Borough Assembly adopt the LMP if no significant comments 

were received by the December 21, 2012 deadline. None were received. The Assembly 

adopted the LMP and associated amendments to Section III.C.10 on January 10, 2013.

ADEC held a public hearing on the LMP on February 12, 2013. After review and 

consideration of the comments received, the LMP was forwarded to the EPA. 

 

‡‡‡ This section will be completed when the public review and approval process is completed. The narrative 

in this paragraph will likely be revised. 
Adopted February 22, 2013

III.C.Endnote - 1

 16. Vehicle miles traveled data supplied by Paul Pruzak, Alaska Department of Transportation and Public 

Facilities, Northern Regional Office, November 2003.
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation

Amendments to:

State Air Quality Control Plan

Vol. III: Appendices

Appendices to: 

Volume II, Section II. Air Quality Control Program;

Volume II, Section III.B Anchorage Transportation Control Program; and 

Volume II, Section III.C Fairbanks Transportation Control Program.

Adopted

February 22, 2013
Adopted February 22, 2013

The State of Alaska’s State Air Quality Control Plan Volume III, Appendix to Volume II of this 

plan, is amended to include the following documents:

Volume II, Section II. Air Quality Control Program is amended by removing the following 

regulations:

• 18 AAC 50 Air Quality Control as amended through January 4, 2013;

and replacing them with the following regulations currently under public review:

• 18 AAC 50 Air Quality Control as amended through {effective date of the regulations}. 

Volume II, Section III.B Anchorage Transportation Control Program adopted into the State Air 

Quality Control Plan, adopted as of February 22, 2013, is amended as follows:

• Appendix III.B.1 is amended by adding the following documents:

· Anchorage Assembly Resolution No. 2013-20, dated January 29, 2013, a resolution 

of the Municipality of Anchorage adopting revisions to the Anchorage Carbon 

Monoxide Maintenance Plan (dated January 29, 2013).

• Appendix III.B.10 is amended by adding the following document:

· Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation’s Affidavit of Oral Hearing.

Volume II, Section III.C Fairbanks Transportation Control Program adopted into the State Air 

Quality Control Plan adopted as of February 22, 2013, is amended as follows:

• Appendix III.C.1 is amended by adding the following documents:

· Fairbanks North Star Borough Assembly Resolution No. 2013-05, dated January 10, 

2013, a resolution of the Fairbanks North Star Borough adopting revisions to the 

Fairbanks Carbon Monoxide Maintenance Plan (dated January 10, 2013).

• Appendix III.C.10 is amended by adding the following document:

· Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation’s Affidavit of Oral Hearing.


























































































































































Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska RESOLUTION NO. 2013-05

Page 1 of 2

1 By: Luke T. Hopkins, Mayor

2 Introduced: 01/10/13

3 Adopted: 01/10/13

4

5

6 FAIRBANKS NORTH STAR BOROUGH

7 RESOLUTION NO. 2013 - 05

8

9 A RESOLUTION TO ADOPT THE FAIRBANKS NORTH STAR BOROUGH AIR 

10 QUALITY CONTROL LIMITED MAINTENANCE PLAN

11

12

13 WHEREAS, he Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB) has not had a 

14 violation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for Carbon Monoxide 

15 since November 19, 1999 and has therefore been in Attainment since November 20, 

16 1999; and

17

18 WHEREAS, the second 10-year plan is now required by Federal 

19 requirements and it is possible to model continued attainment through 2025; and

20

21 WHEREAS, the FNSB qualifies for a Limited Maintenance Plan that 

22 removes the need for an emission budget and therefore streamlines conformity; and

23

24 WHEREAS, this Air Quality Control Limited Maintenance Plan, once 

25 approved by the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and the 

26 EPA, will allow conformity for current and future DOT projects; and

27

28 WHEREAS, since February, 2000, the Borough has not forecasted a 

29 Stage 1 Alert (CO concentrations of nine parts per million) more than three times per 

30 year; and

31

32 WHEREAS, On December 18, 2012 the Fairbanks Metropolitan Area

33 Transportation System (FMATS) Policy Committee approved the Air Quality Control 

34 plan as drafted.

35

36 NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Assembly approves and 

37 adopts the Fairbanks North Star Borough Air Quality Control Limited Maintenance Plan 

38 for submission to the DEC and the EPA.

39

40

41
Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska RESOLUTION NO. 2013-05

Page 2 of 2

PASSED AND APPROVED THIS 10th 42 DAY OF JANUARY, 2013.

43

44

45 Ayes: Davies, Howard, Dukes, Roberts, Lawrence, Dodge, Kassel, Hutchison

46 Noes: None

47 Excused: Sattley