# Patent

## Title
Wireless network having joint power and data rate adaptation

## Abstract

A wireless network includes transmission power and data rate adaptation based upon signal quality experienced by the user.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/001,650, entitled “Wireless Network Having Joint Power and Data Rate Adaptation,” filed Oct. 31, 2001, which issued on Sep. 27, 2005 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,950,670.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to wireless networks.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As is known in the art, wireless communication systems, such as Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), and High Data Rate (HDR) CDMA, have radio resources that can be assigned to users adaptively based upon their channel conditions in order to optimize the overall system performance. The overall system performance for wireless systems is typically measured by the spectrum efficiency, in kbps/MHz/site, subject to a given user performance requirement (e.g. 90% of average user throughput should be higher than 50 kbps).
In the EDGE system, a radio resource includes a transmission power and a transmission format (modulation/coding). Each transmission format corresponds to one transmission rate. The transmission format is changed dynamically according to the measured channel conditions for maximizing user throughput. Power control can also be used to enhance system performance.
In WCDMA, the radio resources are represented by a transmission power and a spreading code with different spreading factors (i.e. Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF)). Different transmission rates can be achieved by varying the transmission power and code allocation. HDR is similar to WCDMA as both transmission power and spreading code can be varied to maximize the system throughput. However, determining an optimal power and transmission rate allocation for all the system users is quite challenging. In addition, known systems require a central controller for acquiring knowledge of propagation conditions for all of the active users in the system. Such systems are unable to achieve the optimal allocation of scarce radio resources.
It would, therefore, be desirable to provide a wireless system that overcomes the aforesaid and other disadvantages.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a wireless network having decentralized transmission power and data rate adaptation based upon user link quality. With this arrangement, power and data rates move to optimal levels based upon feedback from the mobile stations served by the network. While the invention is primarily shown and described in conjunction with mobile devices served by a wireless network, it is understood that the invention is applicable to networks in general in which power and data rate adaptation is desirable.
In one aspect of the invention, a wireless network includes a plurality of mobile stations served by respective base stations. Each mobile station remains at a current transmission rate until the mobile station meets predetermined performance criteria to increase or decrease the transmission rate for the next frame, for example. As the transmission rate is adjusted, the transmission power is modified to achieve the required level of performance for the transmission rate.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of a wireless network having transmission power and data rate adaptation in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic depiction of an exemplary frame that can be generated by the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram showing an exemplary sequence of steps for implementing transmission power and data rate adaptation in a wireless network in accordance with the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an exemplary wireless network 100 having dynamic power control and data rate adaptation in accordance with the present invention. The network 100 includes a plurality of base stations BS 1-7 each serving a respective sector or cell C1-7. Mobile stations MS1-N can be located in the various cells C1-7 and transmit and receive data from the serving base station BS.
While the invention is primarily described in conjunction with a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, it is understood that the invention is applicable to other wireless systems, such as EDGE and HDR, having a variety of modulation formats including Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Code Division Multiplexing (CDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), and combinations of these formats.
The invention provides a decentralized, heuristic power/rate adaptation technique that enhances overall system performance. In general, an active mobile station MS remains at a current transmission rate until the mobile station MS meets specified performance criteria. In an exemplary embodiment, a first criterion, such as a threshold link quality measure, is used to qualify the mobile station to step up to the next higher transmission rate. A second criterion is used to step down the data rate to the next lower transmission rate. In other words, the mobile station transmission rate follows a series of steps until arriving at the optimal transmission rate for that mobile station. In addition, at each step, power control is used to achieve the required level of performance for the corresponding transmission rate.
Referring now to FIG. 2, an exemplary time structure is shown for which joint power and rate adaptation in accordance with the present invention is implemented. Let k (not shown) denote the transmission rate index, which ranges from 1 to N and corresponds to an actual transmission rate of R(k) (e.g. R(k)=12×2(k−1) kbps). The joint power and rate adaptation algorithm works as follows for the exemplary WCDMA-type time structure shown. Time is divided into time slots 200a-M, which are grouped into a frame 202. The channel condition, e.g. Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR), can be measured and power control can be performed on a slot-by-slot basis.
In the exemplary embodiment shown, each slot 200 includes a downlink physical data channel (DPDCH) portion 204 containing a predetermined number of data bits and a downlink physical control channel (DPCCH) portion 206. The DPCCH portion 206 further includes a transmit power control (TPC) portion 208 and a transmit format combination indicator portion 210 that combine to adaptively adjust power and transmission rate, as described more fully below.
In one particular embodiment, the transmitted data is decoded after receiving the entire frame 202. It is understood that the illustrated time structure is intended to facilitate an understanding of the invention and the inventive algorithm is independent of this exemplary structure.
FIG. 3 shows an exemplary sequence of steps for implementing joint power and rate adaptation in accordance with the present invention. In one embodiment, an initial transmission rate R(0) is selected based upon SINR measurements so that R(0) does not exceed the maximum rate supported by the code and power currently available at the serving base station.
In step 300, the SINR is measured to determine link performance. In step 302, the measured SINR is used to adjust transmission power towards the power control target specified for the selected transmission rate (k). That is, it is determined whether the measured SINR level is greater than the target SINR level, i.e., whether SINRi>SINRtarget(k), where SINRi, is the measured SINR at the ith time slot and SINRtarget(k) is the target SINR for the selected transmission rate k. If so, in step 304, the transmission power is decreased by a predetermined amount Δ dB, e.g. 1 dB. If not, in step 306, it is determined whether the measured level is less then the target level, i.e., whether SINRi<SINRtarget(k). If it is, then in step 308 the transmission power is increased by a predetermined amount ΔdB, e.g. 1 dB. Otherwise, the current transmission power is maintained in step 310. It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the transmission power up and down step adjustments can vary to meet the requirements of a particular application. In addition, it is understood that the up and down steps need not be the same amount.
At the end of each frame, for example, as determined in step 311, the mobile station determines the average received SINR in the previous frame (SINRavg) in step 312. In step 314, it is determined whether the average SINR (SINRavg) is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold for the current or selected rate (SINRlow(k)), i.e., whether SINRavg>=SINRlow(k). If so, then a rate adaptation counter is incremented, i.e., Cup=Cup+1, in step 316. Otherwise, in step 318 the rate adaptation counter is decremented, i.e., Cup=Cup−1. While counters are used to step the transmission rate up and down in the illustrative embodiment, alternative mechanisms will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
In step 320, it is determined whether the rate adaptation counter has crossed a predetermined up threshold, i.e., whether Cup>THRup. If it has, then in step 322 the transmission rate is updated. In an exemplary embodiment, the transmission rate for the next frame (R(n+1)) is updated to reflect the minimum of the rate of the current frame plus one (R(n)+1) and a predetermined maximum supported rate (Rmax), i.e., R(n+1)=min(R(n)+1, Rmax). If the rate adaptation counter was not greater than the up threshold, as determined in step 320, then in step 324 it is determined whether the counter-value is less than a predetermined down threshold, i.e., whether Cup<THRdown. In one particular embodiment, the up threshold THRup is three, the down threshold THRdown is minus three, and Rmax is the maximum transmission rate supported by the system.
If the rate adaptation counter was less than the predetermined down threshold, then in step 326 the transmission rate for the next frame (R(n+1)) is updated to reflect the maximum of the rate for the current frame minus one (R(n)−1) and one, i.e., R(n+1)=max(R(n)−1, 1). In one particular embodiment, a rate of one corresponds to a predetermined minimum transmission rate. In step 328 it is determined whether transmission to the mobile station should be delayed. If it is determined that the transmission should be delayed, then the transmission rate is dropped to zero in step 330 by setting the rate to the minimum of the current minus one and zero, i.e., (R(n+1)=min(R(n)−1, 0)). If not, in step 332 the transmission rate remains unchanged, i.e., R(n+1)=R(n). It is understood that the step of determining whether to drop the transmission rate to zero can be located in a variety of locations in the flow sequence as well as interrupt driven.
The above steps are repeated to continually update the transmission rate and control the power to optimize the link quality based upon the measured SINR. It is understood that a wide variety of link quality measures can be utilized without departing from the present invention provided the measure enables relatively rapid power and rate adjustments as in the present invention.
The present invention provides a wireless system with joint power and transmission rate adaptation. With this arrangement, the system is relatively robust against estimation or selection errors. In addition, the system provides enhanced radio resource management. Further, the limited radio spectrum can be utilized more efficiently so as to provide higher system capacity than known systems.
One skilled in the art will appreciate further features and advantages of the invention based on the above-described embodiments. Accordingly, the invention is not to be limited by what has been particularly shown and described, except as indicated by the appended claims. All publications and references cited herein are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

## Claims

1. A method for jointly adapting power and data transmission rate in a wireless network, comprising:
setting a transmission rate for a mobile station
measuring a signal quality for the mobile station;
adjusting, if necessary, a transmission power level towards a power control target associated with the transmission rate; and
measuring an average link quality of a frame;
stepping in a counter based on a comparison of the average link quality with predetermined upper and lower thresholds; and
adjusting a transmission rate of a next frame based on the counter value.

2. The method according to claim 1, further including decreasing the transmission power level by a first down amount if the measured signal quality is greater than the power control target.

3. The method according to claim 2, further including increasing the transmission power level by a first up amount if the measured signal quality is less than the power control target.

4. The method according to claim 3, further including maintaining the transmission power at its current level if the measured signal quality is not less than or greater than the power control target.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the average link quality corresponds to an average SINR level.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting a transmission rate of a next frame based on the counter value further comprises adjusting the transmission rate to a minimum of a current transmission rate plus a first predetermined amount and a maximum supported transmission rate based upon a comparison of the counter value and the predetermined upper threshold.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the step of adjusting a transmission rate of a next frame based on the counter value further comprises adjusting the transmission rate to a maximum of the current transmission rate minus a second predetermined amount and a predetermined minimum transmission rate.

8. The method according to claim 1, further including delaying data transmission to the mobile station by setting the transmission rate to zero.

9. The method according to claim 1, further including maintaining a current transmission rate based upon a value in the counter.

10. The method according to claim 1, further including repeating the measuring of signal quality, the adjusting of the transmission rate, and adjusting the transmission power.

11. A method for adapting transmission power and transmission rate in a wireless network, comprising:
measuring a link quality of a first link in the wireless network;
adjusting a transmission power level based on the link quality;
determining an average link quality measure at predetermined intervals;
incrementing or decrementing a counter value in a counter based upon a comparison of the average link quality measure and a predetermined threshold; and
increasing or decreasing a current transmission rate for a next one of the predetermined intervals based on the counter value.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the predetermined intervals correspond to frames.

13. The method according to claim 11, further including incrementing, decrementing or maintaining the current transmission rate for the next one of the predetermined intervals.

14. The method according to claim 11, further including selecting delaying transmission to a user by setting the current transmission rate for the next one of the predetermined intervals to zero.