Enclosure 12000-2008 Indiana Ozone Summary2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20072008 00-02 01-03 02-04 03-05 04-06 05-07 06-08ALLEN 18 003 0002 LEO0.0910.0820.093 0.0900.0730.0860.073 0.077 0.0660.088 0.088 0.0850.083 0.077 0.078 0.072ALLEN 18 003 0004 BEACON STREET 0.081 0.0740.0970.084 0.069 0.076 0.071 0.080 0.069 0.0840.0850.083 0.076 0.072 0.075 0.073BOONE 18 011 0001 WHITESTOWN 0.082 0.0840.099 0.0880.072 0.082 0.080 0.083 0.0730.088 0.090 0.0860.080 0.078 0.0810.078CARROLL 18 015 0002 FLORA 0.0790.0960.079 0.071 0.075 0.073 0.078 0.0650.08720.084 0.082 0.075 0.073 0.075 0.072CLARK * 18 019 0003/8 CHARLESTOWN / STATE PARK0.085 0.086 0.100 0.0900.074 0.080 0.0790.0900.0750.090 0.092 0.0880.081 0.077 0.0830.081DELAWARE 18 035 0010 ALBANY 0.0840.095 0.0850.070 0.081 0.072 0.079 0.0620.08920.0880.083 0.078 0.074 0.077 0.071ELKHART 18 039 0007 BRISTOL0.099 0.0870.0770.0860.067 0.082 0.0680.09910.09320.0870.083 0.076 0.078 0.072FLOYD 18 043 1004 NEW ALBANY 0.077 0.0760.097 0.0860.071 0.080 0.076 0.082 0.075 0.0830.0860.084 0.079 0.075 0.0790.077GREENE 18 055 0001 PLUMMER0.090 0.085 0.093 0.0880.073 0.079 0.076 0.084 0.0720.089 0.0880.084 0.080 0.076 0.0790.077HAMILTON 18 057 1001 NOBLESVILLE0.090 0.088 0.101 0.1010.0750.0870.077 0.084 0.0730.093 0.096 0.092 0.0870.079 0.0820.078HANCOCK 18 059 0003 FORTVILLE0.086 0.089 0.101 0.0920.072 0.080 0.075 0.081 0.0740.092 0.094 0.0880.081 0.075 0.0780.076HENDRICKS 18 063 0004 AVON0.0870.0830.0950.079 0.071 0.078 0.073 0.079 0.0680.088 0.0850.081 0.076 0.074 0.076 0.073HUNTINGTON 18 069 0002 ROANOKE0.0870.0820.0890.083 0.069 0.078 0.072 0.078 0.0600.0860.084 0.080 0.076 0.073 0.076 0.070JACKSON 18 071 0001 BROWNSTOWN 0.082 0.0840.0900.082 0.068 0.077 0.075 0.078 0.0700.085 0.0850.080 0.075 0.073 0.076 0.074JOHNSON 18 081 0002 TRAFALGAR 0.084 0.0820.0970.080 0.073 0.077 0.078 0.080 0.0690.087 0.0860.083 0.076 0.076 0.078 0.075LAKE 18 089 0022 GARY IITRI 0.075 0.0830.0940.076 0.0640.0890.0730.0850.062 0.084 0.084 0.078 0.076 0.075 0.082 0.073LAKE 18 089 0030 WHITING 0.0640.0880.0810.0880.0620.06410.07620.0770.0850.077LAKE 18 089 2006 HAMMOND0.086 0.090 0.1010.081 0.0670.0870.075 0.077 0.0680.092 0.0900.083 0.078 0.076 0.079 0.073LAPORTE 18 091 0005 MICHIGAN CITY 0.0800.090 0.1070.082 0.070 0.084 0.075 0.073 0.0590.092 0.093 0.0860.078 0.076 0.077 0.069LAPORTE 18 091 0010 LAPORTE 0.074 0.0790.1000.084 0.0680.0890.069 0.078 0.065 0.0840.0870.084 0.080 0.075 0.078 0.070MADISON 18 095 0010 EMPORIA 0.0800.090 0.104 0.0910.072 0.078 0.073 0.078 0.0650.091 0.095 0.0890.080 0.074 0.076 0.072MARION 18 097 0050 FORT HARRISON 0.0830.087 0.100 0.0910.073 0.080 0.076 0.083 0.0750.090 0.092 0.0880.081 0.076 0.0790.078MARION 18 097 0057 HARDING STREET 0.078 0.0810.0990.075 0.066 0.081 0.076 0.076 0.0670.086 0.0850.080 0.074 0.074 0.077 0.073MARION 18 097 0073 EAST 16TH STREET 0.082 0.0810.1060.082 0.071 0.080 0.072 0.080 0.0660.089 0.089 0.0860.077 0.074 0.077 0.072MORGAN 18 109 0005 MONROVIA0.0880.0820.0940.081 0.072 0.078 0.077 0.084 0.0690.088 0.0850.082 0.077 0.075 0.0790.076PERRY 18 123 0009 LEOPOLD 0.0780.0860.079 0.080 0.0730.07810.08220.081 0.0810.077PORTER 18 127 0024 OGDEN DUNES0.085 0.085 0.1010.077 0.0690.0900.070 0.084 0.0690.090 0.0870.082 0.078 0.076 0.081 0.074PORTER 18 127 0026 VALPARAISO 0.082 0.0770.1000.082 0.072 0.078 0.071 0.080 0.0610.086 0.0860.084 0.077 0.073 0.076 0.070POSEY 18 129 0003 ST. PHILLIPS0.0850.0790.0970.077 0.071 0.077 0.058 0.080 0.0690.0870.084 0.081 0.075 0.068 0.071 0.069ST. JOSEPH 18 141 0010 POTATO CREEK 0.079 0.0780.0920.081 0.073 0.078 0.069 0.075 0.063 0.083 0.083 0.082 0.077 0.073 0.074 0.069ST. JOSEPH ** 18 141 0008/15 ANGELA & EDDY / SHIELDS DRIVE 0.081 0.0820.1000.082 0.072 0.084 0.063 0.067 0.0580.087 0.0880.084 0.079 0.073 0.071 0.062ST. JOSEPH 18 141 1007 GRANGER 0.0780.089 0.104 0.0860.0760.0860.070 0.082 0.0690.090 0.093 0.0880.082 0.077 0.079 0.073SHELBY 18 145 0001 FAIRLAND0.087 0.093 0.101 0.0890.071 0.080 0.073 0.082 0.0700.093 0.094 0.0870.080 0.074 0.078 0.075VANDERBURGH 18 163 0012 MILL ROAD 0.081 0.0730.0950.081 0.072 0.080 0.0750.0850.074 0.083 0.083 0.082 0.077 0.075 0.0800.078VANDERBURGH 18 163 0013 INGLEFIELD 0.075 0.0720.0860.075 0.058 0.056 0.0810.0880.072 0.077 0.077 0.073 0.063 0.065 0.0750.080VIGO 18 167 0018 TERRE HAUTE 0.075 0.082 0.082 0.066 0.057 0.064 0.060 0.077 0.059 0.079 0.076 0.068 0.062 0.060 0.067 0.065VIGO 18 167 0024 SANDCUT 0.0830.0990.080 0.072 0.076 0.072 0.073 0.0660.09120.0870.083 0.076 0.073 0.073 0.070WARRICK 18 173 0008 BOONVILLE 0.073 0.0780.0910.076 0.073 0.080 0.078 0.083 0.071 0.080 0.081 0.080 0.076 0.077 0.0800.077WARRICK 18 173 0009 LYNNVILLE 0.077 0.0750.0900.078 0.066 0.076 0.070 0.080 0.064 0.080 0.081 0.078 0.073 0.070 0.075 0.071WARRICK 18 173 0011 DAYVILLE 0.077 0.078 0.076 0.0600.07710.07720.077 0.071Prior to 2008, Red Numbers are >= 0.085 ppm1One Year of Data2006-2008 Design Value Greater than or Equal to 0.076 ppmBeginning 2008, Red Numbers are >= 0.076 ppm2Two Years of Data* Clark County ozone monitor was moved from Charlestown to Charlestown State Park in 2007. The 2005-2007 and 2006-2008 designvalues are calculated from both monitoring sites.Three-Year Design Value (ppm)Note: Prior to 2008, the ozone standard was 0.08 parts per million (ppm). Attainment was determined by the average of the 4th highest ozone values over a three-year period. A value of 0.085 ppm or above was in violation of the standard. Beginning in 2008,theozone standard was lowered to 0.075 ppm. Attainment is determined by the average of the 4th highest ozone values over a three-year period. A value of 0.076 ppm or above is a violation of the standard.Site Name4th Highest Ozone Value (ppm)County Site #** St. Joseph ozone monitor was moved from Angela & Eddy to Shields Drive on June 1, 2006. The 2004-2006 and 2005-2007 designvalues are calculated from both monitoring sites. The 2006-2008 design value is calculated from Shields Drive only

## 1 

# Enclosure 2 List of Indiana Counties with Recommendations

County (Monitor ID) 2006-2008 Design Value (ppm) Attainment Status for 1997 Ozone NAAQS Indiana Recommendation for 2008 Ozone NAAQS Reason For Recommendation for 2008 Ozone NAAQS Allen (180030002) 0.072 Allen (180030004) 0.073 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 2-12-07) Attainment Monitor Values Below Standard

Boone (180110001) 0.078 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 10-19-07) Nonattainment Monitor Value Above Standard

Carroll (180150002) 0.072 Attainment/Unclassifiable Attainment Monitor Value Below Standard Clark (180190003/8)
Clark County ozone monitor was moved from Charlestown to Charlestown State Park in 2007, the 2006-2008 Design Value is calculated from both monitoring sites. 

### 0.081 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 7-19-07) Nonattainment Monitor Value Above Standard

Dearborn (Lawrenceburg Township)

Note: Indiana does not have an ozone monitor located in Dearborn County 

### N/A Nonattainment (Attainment Demonstration sent to U.S. EPA on 4-5-08) Attainment/Unclassifiable Insignificant Contributor

Delaware (180350010) 0.071 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 1-3-06) Attainment Monitor Value Below Standard

Elkhart (180390007) 0.072 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 7-19-07) Attainment Monitor Value Below Standard

Floyd (180431004) 0.077 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 7-19-07) Nonattainment Monitor Value Above Standard

Greene (180550001) 0.077 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 12-29-05) Nonattainment Monitor Value Above Standard

Hamilton (180571001) 0.078 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 10-19-07) Nonattainment Monitor Value Above Standard

Hancock (180590003) 0.076 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 10-19-07) Nonattainment Monitor Value Above Standard

Hendricks (180630004) 0.073 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 10-19-07) Attainment Monitor Value Below Standard

Huntington (180690002) 0.070 Attainment/Unclassifiable Attainment Monitor Value Below Standard

Jackson (180710001) 0.074 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 12-29-05) Attainment Monitor Value Below Standard

## 2 Red text indicates 2006-2008 design value is greater than or equal to 0.076 ppm

County (Monitor ID) 2006-2008 Design Value (ppm) Attainment Status for 1997 Ozone NAAQS Indiana Recommendation for 2008 Ozone NAAQS Reason For Recommendation for 2008 Ozone NAAQS Johnson (180810002) 0.075 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 10-19-07) Attainment Monitor Value Below Standard

Lake (180890022) 0.073 Lake (180890030) 0.077 Lake (180892006) 0.073 Nonattainment (Redesignation pending sent to U.S. EPA on 12-4-08) Nonattainment One Monitor Value Above the Standard

LaPorte (180910005) 0.069 LaPorte (180910010) 0.070 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 7-19-07) Attainment Monitor Values Below Standard

Madison (180950010) 0.072 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 10-19-07) Attainment Monitor Value Below Standard

Marion (180970050) 0.078 Marion (180970057) 0.073 Marion (180970073) 0.072 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 10-19-07) Nonattainment One Monitor Value Above the Standard

Morgan (181090005) 0.076 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 10-19-07) Nonattainment Monitor Value Above Standard

Perry (181230009) 0.077 Attainment/Unclassifiable Nonattainment Monitor Value Above Standard Porter (181270024) 0.074 Porter (181270026) 0.070 Nonattainment (Redesignation pending sent to U.S. EPA on 12-4-08) Attainment Monitor Values Below Standard

Posey (181290003) 0.069 Attainment/Unclassifiable Attainment Monitor Value Below Standard St. Joseph (181410010) 0.069 St. Joseph (181410015) 0.062 St. Joseph (181411007) 0.073 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 7-19-07) Attainment Monitor Values Below Standard

Shelby (181450001) 0.075 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 10-19-07) Attainment Monitor Values Below Standard

Vanderburgh (181630012) 0.078

Vanderburgh (181630013) 0.080 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 1-30-06) Nonattainment Monitor Values Above Standard

Vigo (181670018) 0.065 Vigo (181670024) 0.070 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 2-6-06) Attainment Monitor Values Below Standard

Warrick (181730008) 0.077 Warrick (181730009) 0.071 Warrick (181730011) 0.071 Attainment with a Maintenance Plan (Redesignation approved 1-30-06) Nonattainment One Monitor Value Above the Standard

Red text indicates 2006-2008 design value is greater than or equal to 0.076 ppm



## Note: Indiana is recommending the remainder of the state as Attainment/Unclassifiable

## 1 

# Enclosure 3 Map of Indiana Ozone Designation Recommendations

Lawrenceburg Township Allen

Jay Lake

Knox Vigo White Jasper

Cass

Clay Laporte

Pike Rush Parke Grant

Greene

Perry Ripley

Clark Noble

Gibson Porter

Wells

Posey Elkhart

Owen Henry Boone Miami

Jackson Putnam

Dubois Shelby Pulaski Fulton

Marion Wayne Clinton

Sullivan

Harrison Benton Carroll

Daviess Martin

Orange Kosciusko

Monroe

Morgan Madison Newton Marshall

Warrick Wabash

Warren

Brown DeKalb

Franklin

Adams Starke

Spencer Decatur Randolph

Lawrence Whitley

Fountain Hamilton

Washington St. Joseph

Tippecanoe Tipton

Jennings Delaware

Hendricks Lagrange

Montgomery

Jefferson Steuben

Howard

Johnson

Scott Huntington

Hancock

Crawford Dearborn Bartholomew Fayette Union

Floyd Switzerland Ohio Vermillion

Vanderburgh Blackford



### Legend

Attainment/Unclassifiable
Attainment-Based on Monitoring Data Nonattainment-Based on Monitoring Data

## 1 

# Enclosure 4

Indiana’s Assessment of the Revise d 2008 8-hour Ozone Standard and Technical Support Documents March 2009

U.S. EPA has not finalized its implementa tion guidance that outlines the process for transitioning from the 1997 8-hour ozone standard to the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard. This plays a large role in determining the regu latory implications of nonattainment status for various types of areas for the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard. IDEM urges U.S. EPA to do everything possible to finalize the 2008 8-hour implementation guidance before nonattainment boundaries are finalized. Uncertainty about the implementation requirements has had a definite impact on Indiana’s development of recommenda tions and has made the process more difficult than it would have been had implementation gui dance been available for the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard. In addition, states shoul d have the opportunity to supplement their recommendations to U.S. EPA concerning nonatt ainment designations under the revised 2008 8- hour ozone standard once a final implementati on rule is published. U.S. EPA should not designate areas under the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard until states have had an opportunity to evaluate the implications of th e implementation rule for affected areas and supplement or revise these or iginal recommendations.

IDEM recognizes that U.S. EPA’s implem entation guidance for the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard must be consistent with the Cl ean Air Act. The CAA provided highly specific requirements for the attainment of the 1-hour ozon e standard but does not make provisions for an 8-hour ozone standard. IDEM recognizes that U. S. EPA is trying to make the existing language of Subpart 2 of the CAA fit the needs of the revised 8-hour ozone standard, for which it was not designed. In the early days of the CAA when the air pollutants bei ng addressed had very localized impacts, mandatory co ntrols in nonattainment areas we re a sensible approach to reducing emissions where air qual ity was unhealthy. In many cases, the “mandatory” control measures required by the CAA have been extremel y effective in reducing pollution levels. As more is learned about the cause and effects of ozone formation, mandatory controls that focus on localized impacts make less and le ss sense as these controls have been found to produce little to no measurable improvements to air quality. The most significant ozone control programs in recent years, the NO x 

## SIP Call and CAIR, apply to sources region-wide or nationwide, not just those in designated nonattainment areas. Air quality analyses to date suggest that most of the counties in Indiana where air qu ality currently does not meet the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard will meet that standard once CAIR is fully implemented.

The current implementation guidance for the 1997 8-hour ozone standard requires certain mandatory measures for areas of the country. This approach to desi gnations is based on guidance for the 1-hour ozone standard which is out of date. Those mandatory measures are not needed in some areas and are not appropriate mechanisms to make progress towards cleaner air. According to the CAA and U.S. EPA’s guidance for implementation of the 1997 8-hour ozone standard, any county designated as nonattainment would be automati cally subject to stricter new source review requirements for new and expanding sources. While it makes sense to avoid or minimize increases in emissions in nonattainment areas, these new source review requirements

## 2 can have unintended consequences that, in ma ny cases, just push new development to the outskirts of a nonattainment area. As a result, these requirements have contributed to sprawl, loss of farmland, and are inconsistent with policie s that promote the development of brownfields. Development immediately adjacent to nonattainment ar eas can have just as deleterious an effect on local air quality as if the development occurre d in the nonattainment area itself. U.S. EPA should avoid to the greatest extent possible ma ndatory control programs, especially for areas likely to meet the revised 2008 8-hour ozone sta ndard without any additional controls beyond the reductions associated with CAIR.

Indiana counties are significantly impacted by regional transport of ozone and its precursors, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NO x 

## .) Reducing ozone precursors on a regional scale has a much gr eater impact on ground-level ozone levels than reductions achieved on a local scale. The incl usion of adjacent counties based on “cause and contribution” contradicts federa l and state control programs. Local “mandatory” controls for ozone do not help expedite attainment of the st andard. Designating counties nonattainment that measure air quality which attains the standard, or counties or portions of counties with major stationary sources would serve no purpose. Indiana counties that are currently violating the revised 2008 8-hour NAAQS will attain the standard in advance of the applicable deadline, and the attainment date will not move forward or backward as a result of including surrounding counties based on “cause and contribution”. U.S. EPA’s analyses and LADCO technical modeling to date suggest that all of Indiana will meet the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard after implementation of currently required state and federal cont rol measures, such as CAIR. Indiana is also developing and implementing statewide VOC rules such as Stage I vapor recovery, degreasing, auto refini shing, Architectural and Industr ial Maintenance Coatings, and a Consumer and Commercial Coatings Rule. St atewide applicability of these VOC rules will further benefit air quality while balancing emi ssion reductions statewide and ensure that the Indiana’s air quality will continue to be in at tainment of the ozone NAAQS, and provide for an ample margin of safety.

U.S. EPA should reconsider its guidance a nd previous determination that counties or portions of counties with a larg e emissions base should be desi gnated as nonattainment based upon the “cause or contribute” rationale. Most of the primary stationary sources within Indiana are already subject to federal control programs, including the CAIR. Since CAIR is considered equivalent to Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT), these sources would not be subject to the RACT requirements for nonatt ainment areas as outlined under the 1997 8-hour implementation rule for ozone. As a result, the inclusion of coun ties beyond those where monitored violations occur will not achieve signi ficant additional emission reductions or advance the attainment date under the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard.

At a minimum, U.S. EPA should consider the size of any facility or power plant and its emission controls for a county that U.S. EPA f eels may be contributing to a downwind monitor violation. For example, the only significant source of ozone precursor emissions in Dearborn County is the American Electric Power (AEP) - Tanners Creek power plant. The AEP-Tanners Creek power plant will be installing Select ive Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) technology on three of its four Electric Gene rating Units (EGUs), with operation to begin in mid-2009. This will achieve an additional 30% reduction in NO x 

## . The reductions from facilities like the AEP-

## 3 Tanners Creek power plant will help improve ai r quality in the South east Indiana region. Designating an area nonattainment ba sed solely on the fact that a facility and/or power plant is located there will not result in any further emi ssion reductions or serve any useful purpose. Unless there is a documented significant contribu tion from a facility and/or power plant to a nonattainment area, the entire designation and State Implementation Plan (SIP) process will employ U.S. EPA and Indiana staff in a paperw ork process that will do nothing to improve Indiana’s air quality.

Recognizing that U.S. EPA is obligated to consider a county’s contribution to a downwind monitored violation of th e standard, sound evidence must exist that demonstrates that a county actually contributes to the downwind vi olation in order for the upwind county to be designated nonattainment. Counties that measur e air quality below the standard, and are not proven to be significantly culpable for a downwi nd violation, should be designated attainment. Counties for which monitoring data does not ex ist, and are not proven to be significantly culpable for a downwind violation, should be considered unclassi fiable and designated attainment.

In response to the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (U.S. EPA’s) December 4, 2008 guidance memorandum titled “A rea Designations for the 2008 Revised Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards” , the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) has developed the followi ng evaluation of nonattainment area boundaries for designating areas under the 2008 revised 8- hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS).



# Indiana Analysis by Region

Northwest Indiana Area

Background

Lake and Porter counties were designat ed nonattainment under the 1997 8-hour ozone standard as part of the greater Chicago nonatta inment area due to the assumed contribution to monitored violations in northeast Illinois. All of the monitor sites in Lake and Porter counties have measured air quality that meets th e 1997 8-hour ozone standard since 2007. A Redesignation Petition and Maintenance Plan for the 1997 8-hour ozone standard for Indiana’s portion of the Chicago Metropoli tan Statistical Area (MSA) is currently pending U.S. EPA approval. The Indiana portion of the Chica go MSA includes Jasper, Lake, Newton and Porter counties. There are no monitors in Jasper or Newton counties.

LaPorte County was designated nonattainment under the 1997 8-hour ozone standard as its own MSA. The two monitor sites in LaPorte County have measured air quality that meets the 1997 8-hour ozone standard since 2005. A Redesi gnation Petition and Maintenance Plan for the 1997 8-hour ozone standard for LaPorte County wa s approved by U.S. EPA on July 19, 2007.

## 4 

# Northwest Indiana Monitoring Data

Highlighted data means 2006-2008 Design Value is above 0.076 ppm

Gary IITRI 0.073 ppm Hammond 0.073 ppm Whiting 0.077 ppm
Ogden Dunes 0.074 ppm

Valparaiso 0.070 ppm Michigan City 0.069 ppm

LaPorte 0.070 ppm

Lake Laporte

Jasper Porter

Pulaski Starke

Newton

White Cass St. Joseph

Fulton Marshall

Legend

Ozone Monitor Under the 2008 8-hour Ozone Standard

Ozone Monitor Over the 2008 8-hour Ozone Standard

Attainment/Unclassifiable
Attainment-Based on Monitoring Data Nonattainment-Based on Monitoring Data



## There are five monitors in the Indiana por tion of the Chicago MSA (Lake and Porter counties) and two monitors in th e Michigan City (LaPorte County) MSA. Of the five monitors located in Lake and Porter counties, only one of them (Whiting) is over the revised 2008 8-hour 4 th Highest Ozone Values (ppm) Design Value 2006-2008 (ppm) County Monitor Location 2006 2007 2008

Lake Gary IITRI 0.073 0.085 0.062 0.073 Lake Whiting 0.081 0.088 0.062 0.077 Lake Hammond 0.075 0.077 0.068 0.073 LaPorte Michigan City 0.075 0.073 0.059 0.069 LaPorte LaPorte 0.069 0.078 0.065 0.070 Porter Ogden Dunes 0.070 0.084 0.069 0.074 Porter Valparaiso 0.071 0.080 0.061 0.070

## 5 ozone standard. The two monitors located in the LaPorte County are also below the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard.

There are no ozone monitors located in Newt on or Jasper counties in Indiana. Newton County does not have any major stationary source s and does not impact monitored violations in Lake and Porter counties. There is only one stat ionary source located in Jasper County which is controlled under NOx SIP Call and CAIR and does not impact monitored violations in Lake or Porter counties. Newton and Jasper counties are essentially rural in nature, do not have measured air quality in excess of the revi sed 2008 8-hour ozone standard, and are not contributing to elevated ozone levels in the ar ea. Jasper and Newton counties account for a small percentage of the total emissions for the entire MSA. Jasper and Newton counties also have a low population which is not expected to grow and fewer than 10,000 people work and commute outside the counties. Indiana believes there is no reason to include these counties in the nonattainment area. U.S. EPA should keep the nonattainment area for Northwest Indiana as small as possible.

Lake County is the only Indiana county in Northwest Indiana that is over the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard. Porter County does not significantly impact monitored violations in Lake County or the Chicago area. Indiana has conducted an evaluation to determine the impacts Porter County sources have on ozone monitors in Lake County, Indiana and the Chicago area. As a result, Indiana has determined that em issions from Porter County do not affect the downwind area’s ability to attain the ozone standard. Theref ore, Porter County should be designated separately from Lake County, Indian a and the rest of the Chicago MSA. Within Illinois’ portion of the Chicago MSA there are 18 monitors, of which only one of them (located in Alsip, IL) is over the revised 2008 8-hour ozon e standard. The monitors in the Chicago area located closest to the Indiana state line and the lakefront, wh ich should be more directly impacted by emission sources located in Lake and Porter counties, are monitoring attainment of the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard. If em issions from Lake and Porter counties were significantly contributing to the violating monitors in Illinois, higher levels at the monitors located between Indiana and the violating monito rs would be expected. It is unnecessary to extend the restrictions of a nonattainment area be yond Lake County, as it is the only county in Northwest Indiana violati ng the ozone standard.



# Northwest Indiana Zero-Out and Future Year Modeling

Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (LADCO) recently performed updated CAMx modeling for ozone to support attainment demonstra tions for the five-state LADCO region. This modeling, referred to as “Round 5”, uses the mo st recent emissions inventories and model updates. The Comprehensive Air Quality Mode l with extensions (CAMx version 4.51), developed by Environ, was the photochemical model used for the 8-hour ozone standard analysis. This model has been accepted by U.S. EPA as an approved air quality model for regulatory analysis. Requirements of the “Guidan ce on the Use of Models and Other Analyses in Attainment Demonstrations for the 8-hour Ozone NAAQS” (EPA-454/R-05-002, Oct. 2005) are satisfied with the use of CAMx for attainment demonstrations and other air quality related analyses.

## 6 2005 baseyear emissions as well as 2 005 meteorology were used to conduct the photochemical modeling. The modeling included the implementation of "on-the-books" controls such as U.S. EPA motor vehicle and fuel standard s and the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR). In order to demonstrate the impact of Porter Coun ty emissions on the contro lling ozone monitor in Northwest Indiana, a 2005 baseye ar modeling run with all 2005 emissions was conducted. Then, all anthropogenic emissions from Porter County, including all point, area and mobile source emissions were removed (zeroed-out) from the em ission files and the model was run again.

The table below, shows the modeling result s of the zero-out of all anthropogenic emissions from Porter County on the Whiting, La ke County monitor. The difference between the two results is the ozone impacts (in parts per million) of Porter County emissions on the Whiting ozone monitor.

Results of Zero-out Runs for Northwest Indiana Ozone Monitors

Monitor ID County Site 2005 Modeled Design Value (ppm) 2005 Modeled Zero-Out Design Value (ppm) 2005 Modeled Difference

(ppm) 180890022 Lake Gary 0.1004 0.1005 +0.0001 180890030 Lake Whiting 0.0998 0.0999 +0.0001 180892008 Lake Hammond 0.0998 0.0999 +0.0001 181270024 Porter Ogden Dunes 0.1023 0.1023 0.0000 181270026 Porter Valparaiso 0.0956 0.0956 0.0000



## Zeroing-out all anthropogeni c emissions from Porter County showed a 0.0001 ppm increase in ozone concentrations at the Wh iting monitor as well as the Gary and Hammond monitors in Lake County. These increases in ozone concentration from zeroed-out Porter County emissions indicate NOx disbenefit. Howeve r, the impacts are consid ered not significant. No other appreciable changes we re modeled at surrounding ozone m onitors in Lake or Porter County. Ozone decreases were modeled farthe r away from Porter County. LaPorte County ozone monitors at Michigan City had a 0.0003 ppm ozone decrease while the LaPorte monitor realized a 0.0001 ppm decrease. Ozone mon itors in states surrounding Lake Michigan, especially those located on or near the lakeshore realized oz one decreases from 0.0001 to 0.0006
ppm.

Results of Zero-out Runs for MRPO Ozone Monitors
2005

Monitor ID County Site 2005 Modeled Design Value Modeled Zero-Out Design Value 2005 Modeled Difference 180890022 Lake Gary 0.1004 0.1005 +0.0001 180890030 Lake Whiting 0.0998 0.0999 +0.0001 180892008 Lake Hammond 0.0998 0.0999 +0.0001 181270024 Porter Ogden Dunes 0.1023 0.1023 0.0000 181270026 Porter Valparaiso 0.0956 0.0956 0.0000 180910005 LaPorte Michigan City 0.1045 0.1042 -0.0003 180910010 LaPorte LaPorte 0.1036 0.1035 -0.0001 170317002 Cook – IL Evanston 0.0997 0.0995 -0.0002

## 7 170971002 Lake – IL Waukegan 0.1009 0.1005 -0.0004 170971007 Lake - IL IL Beach St. Park 0.1009 0.1005 -0.0004 260050003 Allegan – MI Holland 0.1019 0.1016 -0.0003 260210014 Berrien – MI Coloma 0.1043 0.1037 -0.0006 260810020 Kent – MI Grand Rapids 0.0909 0.0908 -0.0001 260810022 Kent – MI 14 Mile Road 0.0867 0.0866 -0.0001 261210039 Muskegon – MI Muskegon 0.1010 0.1007 -0.0003 263910005 Ottawa – MI Jenison 0.0948 0.0947 -0.0001 261530001 Schoolcraft - MI Seney Natl. Wild. 0.0849 0.0848 -0.0001 550090026 Brown - WI Green Bay 0.0818 0.0816 -0.0002 550290004 Door – WI Newport State Park 0.0970 0.0970 0.0000 550370001 Florence – WI Florence 0.0739 0.0735 -0.0004 550390006 Fond du Lac – WI Fond du Lac 0.0787 0.0787 0.0000 550590002 Kenosha – WI Jefferson 0.1011 0.1006 -0.0005 550590019 Kenosha – WI Pleasant Prairie 0.1011 0.1006 -0.0005 550610002 Kewaunee – WI Kewaunee 0.0939 0.0936 -0.0003 550710004 Manitowoc – WI Collins Fire Tower 0.0839 0.0836 -0.0003 550710007 Manitowoc – WI Two Rivers 0.0996 0.0992 -0.0004 550790010 Milwaukee – WI Health Center 0.1010 0.1004 -0.0006 550790026 Milwaukee – WI DNR SER Hdqtrs 0.1015 0.1009 -0.0006 550790041 Milwaukee – WI UWM N. Campus 0.1015 0.1009 -0.0006 550790044 Milwaukee – WI Milwaukee 0.0926 0.0923 -0.0003 550790085 Milwaukee – WI Bayside 0.1041 0.1035 -0.0006 550791025 Milwaukee – WI S. Milwaukee 0.0992 0.0987 -0.0005 550870009 Outagamie – WI Appleton 0.0762 0.0760 -0.0002 550890008 Ozaukee – WI Grafton 0.0873 0.0872 -0.0001 550890009 Ozaukee – WI Harrington Beach 0.1018 0.1014 -0.0004 551010017 Racine – WI Racine 0.1012 0.1006 -0.0006 551170006 Sheboygan – WI Kohler Andre Park 0.0974 0.0970 -0.0004 551170007 Sheboygan – WI Sheboygan Falls 0.0974 0.0970 -0.0004 551330017 Waukesha – WI Carroll College 0.0851 0.0850 -0.0001 551330027 Waukesha – WI Waukesha 0.0851 0.0850 -0.0001


## LADCO conducted future year modeling in order to determine the ozone impacts on monitors in the Midwest. The following tabl e outlines LADCO’s Round 5 future year modeling results for Lake, Porter and LaPorte County ozone monitors. Results show all monitors with the exception of the Whiting, Lake County monito r meet the 2008 revised 8-hour ozone NAAQS by 2012.

LADCO’s Round 5 Future Year Mo deling Results for 2009 and 2012
BaseYear 2009 2012 Monitor ID County Site D.V. D.V. D.V.

180890030 Lake Whiting 0.0793 0.0770 0.0760 180890022 Lake Gary 0.0777 0.0750 0.0740 180892008 Lake Hammond 0.0777 0.0750 0.0740 180910010 LaPorte LaPorte 0.0777 0.0740 0.0730 180910005 LaPorte Michigan City 0.0770 0.0730 0.0720 181270024 Porter Ogden Dunes 0.0783 0.0750 0.0740 181270026 Porter Valparaiso 0.0753 0.0720 0.0710

## 8 

# Northwest Indiana Emissions Data

2005 Point Source Emissions (Tons Per Year)
NO x % of MSA VOC % of MSA Jasper County 16,844.17 25.78% 239.19 3.40% Lake County 23,769.48 36.38% 5,402.00 76.79% LaPorte County 5,175.87 7.92% 536.42 7.63% Newton County 0.00 0.00% 0.00 0.00% Porter County 19,550.84 29.92% 857.07 12.18% Total 65,340.36 7,034.68

Northwest Indiana 2005 NOX Point Source Emissions

LaPorte County

8% New ton County

0%

Lake County 36% Jasper County 26% Porter County 30% Northwest Indiana 2005 VOC Point Source Emissions
Jasper County

3% New ton County

0% Porter County 12%

LaPorte County

8%

Lake County 77% 

## Note: These charts do not account for emissions from Illinois sources, which would alter the ratios significantly.

Because most of the area in Lake and Port er counties is urban, the two counties account for 66.3% of the area’s total NO x 

## emissions. Sources within La ke and Porter counties account for 88.9% of the VOC emissions from stationary sources. There are no major stationary sources located within Newton county. It does not app ear that the emissions from Newton County have a significant impact on air quality within the MSA. Overall ozone values have continued to drop and NO x 

## and VOC emissions are expected to decreas e throughout the Midwest over the next few years when CAIR has been fully implemented.

Lake and Porter counties are subject to the most stringent group of emission controls within the State of Indiana. This collection of permanent and enforceable controls is equally as stringent as those that apply elsewhere within the Chicago MSA and in some cases are more stringent. Vehicles registered in Lake and Po rter counties are subject to reformulated gasoline and enhanced vehicle inspection and mainte nance requirements. Indiana maintains a comprehensive vehicle inspection and maintenance program in Lake and Porter counties for all vehicles of model year 1976 and newer. Lake and Porter counties’ vehicle inspection and maintenance program is more stringent than that which applies to the vast majority of the fleet that accounts for the Vehicle Miles Traveled (V MT) and long-term idling in close proximity to the monitoring sites.

## 9 

# Level of Control of Emission Sources

NO x 

## emissions within Northwest Indiana are pr ojected to decline by almost 42% between 2005 and 2020. Emission reduction benefits from federal rules are factor ed into the emission totals. These rules include the NO x 

## SIP Call, Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR), Tier 2 Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards and Gasoline Sulfur Control Requirements, the Highway HeavyDuty Engine Rule, and the Non-Road Diesel Engi ne Rule. In fact most of the major ozone precursor sources within th e area are subject to the NO x 

## SIP Call, CAIR or RACT requirements.



# Northwest Indiana Traffic Patterns

2006 Commuting Patterns

Total Workforce: Number of persons who live in County and work Number of persons who live AND work in County Number of persons who live in County and work in another County Percent In County Percent Out of County

Jasper County 21,368 15,124 6,244 70.8% 29.2% Lake County 293,662 234,264 59,398 79.8% 20.2% LaPorte County 68,494 57,268 11,226 83.6% 16.4% Newton County 9,468 5,766 3,702 60.9% 39.1% Porter County 103,805 68,933 34,872 66.4% 33.6%

## 10 Within Northwest Indiana, LaPorte County ma intains the highest concentration (83.6%) of employment by residents of the county, compared to the other counties w ithin the area. Lake (79.8%) county is also high. The majority of the traffic congestion occu rs in Lake County. A significant level of commuting occurs from the su rrounding counties to Lake and Porter counties. In fact Lake, LaPorte and Porter Counties have the largest level of commuting to and from each other in Northwest Indiana.



# Northwest Indiana Growth Rates and Patterns

Population 1990 Population 2000 Percent Change

from 1990 to

2000 Population Estimate

2007 Percent Change

from 2000 to

2007 Population Estimate

2010 Percent Change

from 2000 to

2010 Population Estimate

2020 Percent Change

from 2000 to

2020 Jasper County 24,823 30,043 17.4% 32,275 6.9% 32,534 7.7% 35,206 14.7% Lake County 475,594 484,564 1.9% 492,104 1.5% 483,183 -0.3% 503,203 3.7% LaPorte County 107,066 110,106 2.8% 109,787 -0.3% 110,376 0.2% 110,656 0.5% Newton County 13,551 14,586 7.1% 14,014 -3.9% 14,444 -1.0% 14,097 -3.3% Porter County 128,932 146,798 12.2% 160,578 8.6% 156,755 6.4% 175,175 16.2%



# Evaluation for Northwest Indiana

March 12, 2009 Designation Recommendations for Northwest Indiana:

Jasper County Attainment/Unclassifiable Lake County Nonattainment LaPorte County Attainment Newton County Attainment/Unclassifiable Porter County Attainment

## 11 

# Central Indiana Area

Background

Eight of the ten counties in the Indianapolis MSA were designated nonattainment under the 1997 8-hour ozone standard. Madison Count y was also designated nonattainment under the 1997 8-hour ozone standard as part of the Central Indiana nonattainment area. All of the monitor sites in Central Indiana, within the Indianapol is and Anderson MSAs, have measured air quality that meets the 1997 8-hour ozone standard since 2005. A Redesignation Petition and Maintenance Plan for the Central Indiana nona ttainment area was approved by U.S. EPA on October 19, 2007. The Indianapolis MSA in cludes Boone, Brown, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Johnson, Marion, Morgan, Putnam and Shelby counties. The Anderson MSA includes Madison County. There are ozone monito rs in every county in Central Indiana except Brown and Putnam counties.



# Central Indiana Monitoring Data

4 th Highest Ozone Values (ppm) County Monitor Location 2006 2007 2008 Design Value 2006-2008 (ppm) Boone Whitestown 0.080 0.083 0.073 0.078 Hamilton Noblesville 0.077 0.084 0.073 0.078 Hancock Fortville 0.075 0.081 0.074 0.076 Hendricks Avon 0.073 0.079 0.068 0.073 Johnson Trafalgar 0.078 0.080 0.069 0.075 Madison Emporia 0.073 0.078 0.065 0.072 Marion Fort Harrison 0.076 0.083 0.075 0.078 Marion Harding Street 0. 076 0.076 0.067 0.073 Marion East 16 th Street 0.072 0.080 0.066 0.072 Morgan Monrovia 0.077 0.084 0.069 0.076 Shelby Fairland 0.073 0.082 0.070 0.075 

### Highlighted data means 2006-2008 Design Value is above 0.076 ppm

## 12 Whitestown 0.078 ppm

Trafalgar 0.075 ppm Fairland 0.075 ppm Fortville 0.076 ppm Fort Harrison

0.078 ppm

Monrovia 0.076 ppm E. 16th St 0.072 ppm Harding St 0.073 ppm Avon 0.073 ppm Emporia 0.072 ppm Noblesville 0.078 ppm Boone

Shelby Marion Clinton

Morgan Madison

Hamilton

Rush Tipton

Putnam Hendricks

Johnson Hancock

Owen Henry Montgomery

Decatur Delaware Grant

Brown Tippecanoe

Monroe Bartholomew Howard Carroll Blackford

Legend

Ozone Monitor Under the 2008 8-hour Ozone Standard

Ozone Monitor Over the 2008 8-hour Ozone Standard

Attainment/Unclassifiable
Attainment-Based on Monitoring Data Nonattainment-Based on Monitoring Data


## There are ten monitors in the Indianapolis MSA (located in Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Johnson, Marion, Morgan and Shelby counties) and one monitor in the Anderson MSA (Madison County). Of the ten monitors in th e Indianapolis MSA, five of them are over the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard. The monito r in the Anderson MSA is below the revised ozone 2008 8-hour ozone standard. Brown a nd Putnam counties do not have any major stationary sources and do not imp act monitored violations in Centra l Indiana. Therefore, it is unnecessary to extend the restrictions of a nonattainment area within the Indianapolis MSA to any county other than the counties th at have a monitored violation.



# Central Indiana Zero-Out and Future Year Modeling

Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (LADCO) recently performed updated CAMx modeling for ozone to support attainment demonstra tions for the five-state LADCO region. This modeling, referred to as “Round 5”, uses the mo st recent emissions inventories and model updates. The Comprehensive Air Quality Mode l with extensions (CAMx version 4.51),

## 13 developed by Environ, was the photochemical model used for the 8-hour ozone standard analysis. This model has been accepted by U.S. EPA as an approved air quality model for regulatory analysis. Requirements of the “Guidan ce on the Use of Models and Other Analyses in Attainment Demonstrations for the 8-hour Ozone NAAQS” (EPA-454/R-05-002, Oct. 2005) are satisfied with the use of CAMx for attainment demonstrations and other air quality related analyses.

2005 baseyear emissions as well as 2 005 meteorology were used to conduct the photochemical modeling. The modeling included the implementation of "on-the-books" controls such as U.S. EPA motor vehicle and fuel standard s and the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR). In order to demonstrate the impact of Hendricks County emissions on the controlling ozone monitor in Central Indiana, a 2005 base year modeling run with all 2005 emissions was conducted. Then, all anthropogenic emissions from Hendricks County , including all point, area and mobile source emissions were removed (zeroed-out) from the em ission files and the model was run again.

The table below shows the modeling results of zeroing-out all an thropogenic emissions from Hendricks County on the Noblesville, Ham ilton County monitor. The difference between the two results is the ozone impacts in parts per million (ppm) of Hendricks County emissions on the Noblesville ozone monitor.

Modeling Results of Zero-out Runs - Central Indiana Ozone Monitors

Monitor ID County Site 2005 Modeled Design Value (ppm) 2005 Modeled Zero-Out Design Value (ppm) 2005 Modeled Difference

(ppm) 180110001 Boone Whitestown 0.0872 0.0872 0.0000 180571001 Hamilton Noblesville 0.0935 0.0935 0.0000
180590003 Hancock Fortville 0.0926 0.0925 -0.0001
180630004 Hendricks Avon 0.0895 0.0895 0.0000 180810002 Johnson Trafalgar 0.0839 0.0839 0.0000 180950010 Madison Emporia 0.0902 0.0900 -0.0002
180970050 Marion Fort Harrison 0.0954 0.0954 0.0000 180970057 Marion Harding Street 0.0957 0.0957 0.0000 180970073 Marion E. 16 th 

### Street 0.0964 0.0963 -0.0001 181090005 Morgan Monrovia 0.0864 0.0864 0.0000 181450001 Shelby Fairland 0.0916 0.0916 0.0000



## Zeroing-out all anthropogeni c emissions from Hendricks County showed no ozone impacts at the Noblesville monitor and a decr ease in ozone of 0.0002 ppm at the Madison County monitor and 0.0001 ppm at the Hancock County monitor and Indianapolis monitor in Marion County.

Johnson and Shelby Counties, based on their loca tions to the south and southeast, would not be expected to show any appreciable ozone impacts on the Noblesvi lle ozone monitor. Madison County, located to the ea st of the Noblesville ozone m onitor, would be expected to show negligible ozone impacts on the monitor. The wind roses below show the winds during 2005 through 2007, with prevailing winds from the southwest. Therefore, any ozone precursors

## 14 from counties to the south, southeast and east would have minimal impacts on the Noblesville ozone monitor.

Wind Rose for Indianapolis –2005, 2006 and 2007

2005 2006 2007

LADCO conducted future year modeling in order to determine the ozone impacts on monitors in the Midwest. The following tabl e outlines LADCO’s Round 5 future year modeling results for Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Johnson, Marion, Morgan and Shelby County ozone monitors. Results show all monitors meet the 2008 revised 8-hour ozone NAAQS by 2012.

LADCO’s Round 5 Future Year Mode ling Results for 2009 and 2012
BaseYear 2009 2012 Monitor ID County Site D.V. D.V. D.V. 180110001 Boone Whitestown 0.0797 0.0750 0.0730 180571001 Hamilton Noblesville 0.0827 0.0780 0.0750 180590003 Hancock Fortville 0.0780 0.0730 0.0710 180630004 Hendricks Avon 0.0753 0.0710 0.0690 180810002 Johnson Trafalgar 0.0767 0.0720 0.0700 180970050 Marion Fort Harrison 0.0787 0.0750 0.0730 180970057 Marion Harding St 0.0750 0.0720 0.0710 180970073 Marion Indianapolis 0.0757 0.0720 0.0700 180970042 Marion Mann Road 0.0727 0.0700 0.0680 181090005 Morgan Monrovia 0.0777 0.0730 0.0710 181450001 Shelby Fairland 0.0773 0.0740 0.0720

## 15 

# Central Indiana Emissions Data

2005 Point Source Emissions (Tons Per Year)

NO x % of Area VOC % of Area Boone County 0.00 0.00% 106.50 3.47% Brown County 0.00 0.00% 0.00 0.00% Hamilton County 28.51 0.16% 17.13 0.55% Hancock County 13.30 0.07% 153.08 4.99% Hendricks County 0.00 0.00% 0.04 0.00% Johnson County 6.48 0.03% 364.63 11.88% Madison County 334.74 1.91% 139.70 4.55% Marion County 10,207.22 58.29% 1,536.68 50.10% Morgan County 4,456.81 25.45% 96.25 3.13% Putnam County 1,789.47 10.21% 75.38 2.45% Shelby County 673.03 3.84% 577.49 18.82% TOTAL 17,509.56 3,066.88

Central Indiana 2005 NOX Point Source Emissions

Hamilton County

0% Brow n County

0% Boone County 0% Hendricks County

0%

Morgan County 25% Marion County 59% Putnam County

10% Shelby County

4% Madison County

2% Johnson County

0%

Hancock County

0% Central Indiana 2005 VOC Point Source Emissions

Madison County

5% Johnson County

12% Shelby County

19%

Putnam County

2%
Morgan County

3%

Marion County 50% Brow n County

0% Hamilton County

1%

Hendricks County

0% Hancock County

5% Boone County 3%

## 16 Central Indiana 2005 NOx-All Anthropogenic Sources

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70BooneBrownHamiltonHancockHendricksJohnsonMadisonMarionMorganPutnamShelby



## CountyTons per Day



## Mobile Point Nonroad Area



## Central Indiana 2005 VOC-All Anthropogenic Sources

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45BooneBrownHamiltonHancockHendricksJohnsonMadisonMarionMorganPutnamShelby



## CountyTons per Day



## Mobile Point Nonroad Area

## 17 Because the majority of Central Indiana is ur ban, the majority of the area’s emissions come from Marion County. Marion Count y accounts for 58.29% of the area’s total NO x 

## point source emissions and 49.90% of the area’s tota l VOC point source emissions. The only counties within Central Indiana with major stationary sources are Marion and Morgan counties. Point source emissions from the other counties in Cent ral Indiana are negligib le and do not have a significant impact on air quality within the MS As. The comparison of all the anthropogenic (point, area, mobile and nonroa d) sources for Central Indian a shows that Marion county dominates the emissions inventory in Central Indi ana. All of the other counties within Central Indiana have very similar anthropogenic emission totals. The counties in Central Indiana that meet the 2008 revised 8-hour ozone standard (Hendricks, Johnson, Madison and Shelby counties) have very low anthropogenic emission totals for NO x 

## and VOC. Based on the zero-out modeling of Hendricks County emissions, it would be anticipated that zeroing out of emissions from Johnson, Madison and Shelby counties would have similar ozone impacts to those from Hendricks County and not impact monitor violations in Central Indiana. Overall ozone values have continued to drop and NO x 

## and VOC emissions are expect ed to decrease throughout the Midwest over the next few years when CAIR has been fully implemented.



# Level of Control of Emission Sources

Marion County has the highest emissions of a ny of the counties in Central Indiana, but emissions are expected to decrease in the near future. The Indianapolis Power and Light (IPL)- Harding Street power plant located in Ma rion County is currently controlled by low NO x 

## burner technology with separated overfire air. Since these control units are in place prior to the attainment date, emissions from the IPL-Harding Street power plant are not expected to increase in the near future. Morgan C ounty contributes a small portion of the emissions to the Central Indiana area from the IPL-Eagle Valley power plan t. This power plant is currently controlled by low NO x 

## burner technology with separated overfire air. These controls are expected to remain in place and emissions from this pl ant should not increase in the fu ture. The other counties in Central Indiana have similar emissions which are not contributing to the Indianapolis area. Most of the major ozone precursor sources within the area are subject to the NO x 

## SIP Call, CAIR or RACT requirements.

## 18 

# Central Indiana Traffic Patterns

2006 Commuting Patterns

Total Workforce: Number of persons who live in County and work Number of persons who live AND work in County Number of persons who live in County and work in another County Percent In County Percent Out of County Boone County 35,330 19,972 15,358 56.5% 43.5% Brown County 10,535 6,071 4,464 57.6% 42.4% Hamilton County 160,076 97,104 62,972 60.7% 39.3% Hancock County 45,409 24,158 21,251 53.2% 46.8% Hendricks County 85,956 44,395 41,561 51.6% 48.4% Johnson County 86,886 50,804 36,082 58.5% 41.5% Madison County 82,881 65,138 17,743 78.6% 21.4% Marion County 530,578 494,693 35,885 93.2% 6.8% Morgan County 45,798 25,142 20,656 54.9% 45.1% Putnam County 22,430 16,054 6,376 71.6% 28.4% Shelby County 29,288 20,738 8,550 70.8% 29.2%

## 19 Within Central Indiana, Marion County main tains the highest concentration (93.2%) for employment by residents of the county, compared to the other counties within the area. Madison (71.6%), Putnam (71.6%), and Shelby (70.8%) coun ties are also high. The majority of the traffic congestion occurs in Marion C ounty. A significant level of commuting occurs from the surrounding counties to Marion County, namely Ha milton, Hendricks and Johnson counties.



# Central Indiana Growth Rates and Patterns

Population 1990 Population 2000 Percent Change from 1990 to 2000 Population Estimate 2007 Percent Change from 2000 to 2007 Population Estimate 2010 Percent Change from 2000 to 2010 Population Estimate 2020 Percent Change from 2000 to 2020 Boone County 38,147 46,107 17.3% 54,137 14.8% 56,319 18.1% 66,186 30.3% Brown County 14,080 14,957 5.9% 14,670 -1.9% 16,419 8.9% 15,168 1.4% Hamilton County 108,936 182,740 40.4% 261,661 30.2% 298,642 38.8% 380,611 52.0% Hancock County 45,527 55,391 17.8% 66,305 16.5% 67,426 17.8% 80,018 30.8% Hendricks County 75,717 104,093 27.3% 134,558 22.6% 146,966 29.2% 175,070 40.5% Johnson County 88,109 115,209 23.5% 135,951 15.3% 140,736 18.1% 161,585 28.7% Madison County 130,669 133,358 2.0% 131,312 -1.5% 129,019 -3.3% 124,918 -6.3% Marion County 797,159 860,454 7.4% 876,804 1.9% 866,409 0.7% 915,850 6.0% Morgan County 55,920 66,689 16.1% 69,874 4.6% 71,862 7.2% 75,167 11.3% Putnam County 30,315 36,019 15.8% 37,014 2.7% 38,484 6.4% 39,430 8.7% Shelby County 40,307 43,445 7.2% 44,063 1.4% 43,934 1.1% 43,415 -0.0%



## Central Indiana has had very rapid growth extending outward from Marion County into the counties of Hamilton, Hendricks and Johnson.



# Evaluation for Central Indiana

March 12, 2009 Designation Recomme ndations for Central Indiana: Boone County Nonattainment Brown County Attainment/Unclassifiable Hamilton County Nonattainment Hancock County Nonattainment Hendricks County Attainment Johnson County Attainment Madison County Attainment Marion County Nonattainment Morgan County Nonattainment Putnam County Attainment/Unclassifiable Shelby County Attainment

## 20 

# Greene County, Indiana (Bloomington MSA)

Background

Greene County, which is part of the Bl oomington MSA, was designated nonattainment under the 1997 8-hour ozone standard. The moni tor site in Greene County has measured air quality that meets the 1997 8-hour ozone standa rd since 2003. A Rede signation Petition and Maintenance Plan for Greene County was approved by U.S. EPA on December 29, 2005. The Bloomington MSA includes Greene, Monroe and Owen counties. There are no ozone monitors in Monroe or Owen counties.



# Bloomington MSA Monitoring Data

Highlighted data means 2006-2008 Design Value is above 0.076 ppm

Plummer 0.077 ppm Greene Owen

Knox Clay

Monroe

Daviess Martin Lawrence Vigo

Sullivan Morgan

Orange Brown Putnam

Washington Jackson

Legend

Ozone Monitor Under the 2008 8-hour Ozone Standard

Ozone Monitor Over the 2008 8-hour Ozone Standard

Attainment/Unclassifiable
Attainment-Based on Monitoring Data Nonattainment-Based on Monitoring Data 4 th Highest Ozone Values (ppm) County Monitor Location 2006 2007 2008 Design Value 2006-2008 (ppm) Greene Plummer 0.076 0.084 0.072 0.077

## 21 There is only one monitor located within the Bloomington MSA in Greene County and it is over the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard. Within the Bloomington MSA, Monroe County accounts for the majority of the emissions, popula tion, and vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Greene and Owen counties do not have any majo r stationary sources and do not impact monitored violations in the Bloomington MSA.

Greene County’s air quality is dominated by regional transport of NO x 

## into the area. U.S. EPA should recognize that local controls (incl uding stricter permitting requirements) will not contribute to improved air quality and that regi onal controls will be eff ective over the next few years when the CAIR rule is fully implemented. Indiana believes there is no reason to include the other counties in the nonattainme nt area. The other counties in the MSA ar e essentially rural in nature, do not have measured air quality in excess of the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard, and are not contributing to elevat ed ozone levels in the area. Indiana strongly encourages U.S. EPA to consider Greene County as a rural area affected by overwhelming transport.

LADCO conducted future year modeling in order to determine the ozone impacts on monitors in the Midwest. LADCO’s Round 5 fu ture year results for the Greene County ozone monitor show a modeled concentration of 0.0770 ppm by 2009 and a modeled concentration of 0.0750 ppm by 2012, meeting the 20 08 revised 8-hour ozone NAAQS.



# Bloomington MSA Emissions Data

2005 Point Source Emissions (Tons Per Year)

NO x % of Area VOC % of Area Greene County 95.45 19.59% 177.56 49.26% Monroe County 391.55 80.40% 182.86 50.73% Owen County 0.00 0.00% 0.00 0.00%
TOTAL 487.00 360.42



## Monroe County accounts for 80. 40% of the area’s total NO x 

## emissions and 50.73% of the area’s total VOC emissions. There are no major stationary sources located in the area and emissions from Greene and Owen counties do not have a significant impact on air quality within Bloomington, Indiana Area 2005 NOX Point Source Emissions Ow en County 0% Greene County 20%

Monroe County 80% Bloomington, Indiana Area 2005 VOC Point Source Emissions

Monroe County 51% Ow en County 0%

Greene County 49%

## 22 the MSA. Overall ozone values have continued to drop and NO x 

## and VOC emissions are expected to decrease throughout th e Midwest over the next few years when CAIR has been fully implemented.



# Level of Control of Emission Sources

Most of the major ozone precursor sources within the area are subject to the NO x 

## SIP Call, CAIR or RACT requirements.



# Bloomington MSA Traffic Patterns

2006 Commuting Patterns

Total Workforce: Number of persons who live in County and work Number of persons who live AND work in County Number of persons who live in County and work in another County Percent In County Percent Out of County Greene County 21,300 14,123 7,177 66.3% 33.7% Monroe County 72,002 66,253 5,749 92.0% 8.0% Owen County 13,571 8,092 5,479 59.6% 40.4%



## Monroe County maintains the highest concentration (92.0%) for employment by residents of the county, compared to the other counties within the area. The majority of the traffic congestion occurs in Monroe County and a significant level of commuting occurs from the surrounding counties to Monroe County

## 23 

# Bloomington MSA Growth Rates and Patterns

Population 1990 Population 2000 Percent Change from 1990 to 2000 Population Estimate 2007 Percent Change from 2000 to 2007 Population Estimate 2010 Percent Change from 2000 to 2010 Population Estimate 2020 Percent Change from 2000 to 2020 Greene County 30,410 33,157 8.3% 32,692 -1.4% 33,334 0.5% 33,421 0.8% Monroe County 108,978 120,563 9.6% 128,643 6.3% 132,940 9.3% 130,014 7.3% Owen County 17,281 21,786 20.7% 22,398 2.7% 24,264 10.2% 24,851 12.3%



## The Bloomington MSA has not grown very ra pidly over the past decade, nor is it expected to in the future. There are no expect ations for regional grow th that would adversely affect air quality.



# Evaluation for Bloomington MSA

March 12, 2009 Designation Recommendations for Bloomington MSA: Greene County Nonattainment Monroe County Attainment/Unclassifiable Owen County Attainment/Unclassifiable

## 24 

# Southeastern Indiana

Background

Clark and Floyd counties, which are part of the Louisville, Kentucky MSA, were designated nonattainment under the 1997 8-hour ozone standard. The monitor sites in Clark and Floyd counties have measured air quality that meets the 1997 8-hour ozone standard since 2003. A Redesignation Petition and Maintenance Plan for Clark and Floyd counties was approved by U.S. EPA on July 19, 2007. Indiana’s portion of the Louisville, Kentucky MSA includes Clark, Floyd, Harrison and Washington counties. There are no ozone monitors in Harrison or Washington counties.



# Southeastern Indiana Monitoring Data

Highlighted data means 2006-2008 Design Value is above 0.076 ppm

Charlestown 0.081 ppm

New Albany 0.077 ppm Clark

Harrison Washington Jefferson

Scott Jackson

Floyd Jennings

Crawford Orange Lawrence Switzerland

Crawford Legend

Ozone Monitor Under the 2008 8-hour Ozone Standard

Ozone Monitor Over the 2008 8-hour Ozone Standard

Attainment/Unclassifiable
Attainment-Based on Monitoring Data Nonattainment-Based on Monitoring Data 4 th Highest Ozone Values (ppm) County Monitor Location 2006 2007 2008 Design Value 2006-2008 (ppm) Clark Charlestown 0.079 0.090 0.075 0.081 Floyd New Albany 0.076 0.082 0.075 0.077

## 25 There are two monitors located within Indi ana’s portion of the Louisville, KY MSA and both are over the revised 2008 8-hour ozone stan dard. Within the Louisville MSA, Jefferson County, Kentucky accounts for the majority of the emissions, population, and vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Southeast Indiana’s air qua lity is dominated by re gional transport of NO x 

## into the region. Indiana does not believe that emi ssions from Clark and Floyd counties affect the downwind area’s ability to attain the ozone standard, noting th at Clark and Floyd counties are downwind of Louisville. Indiana believes ther e is no reason to include any other Indiana counties in the nonattainment area. Harrison an d Washington counties do not have any major stationary sources and do not im pact monitored violations in th e Louisville area. Harrison and Washington counties in Indiana are essentially rural in nature, do not have measured air quality in excess of the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standa rd, and are not contribu ting to elevated ozone levels in the area. Modeling shows that both Clark and Floyd counties will meet the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard when regional NO x 

## levels decrease. Air quality will continue to improve when the CAIR rule is fully implemented.

LADCO conducted future year modeling in order to determine the ozone impacts on monitors in the Midwest. The following tabl e outlines LADCO’s Round 5 future year modeling results for Clark and Floyd County ozone monito rs. Results show both monitors meet the 2008 revised 8-hour ozone NAAQS by 2009 and 2012.

LADCO’s Round 5 Future Year Mo deling Results for 2009 and 2012
BaseYear 2009 2012 Monitor ID County Site D.V. D.V. D.V.

180190003 Clark Charlestown 0.0790 0.0750 0.0740 180431004 Floyd New Albany 0.0777 0.0740 0.0730



# Southeastern Indiana Emissions Data

2005 Point Source Emissions (Tons Per Year)
NO x % of Area VOC % of Area Clark County 2,225.53 7.37% 1,169.83 54.39% Floyd County 5,305.99 17.58% 68.20 3.17% Harrison County 5.60 0.01% 190.31 8.84% Jefferson County 22,629.02 74.98% 340.60 15.83% Scott County 9.73 0.03% 141.26 6.56% Washington County 1.76 0.00% 240.51 11.18% TOTAL 30,177.63 2,150.71

## 26 Note: These charts do not account for emissions from Kentucky sources, which would alter the ratios significantly.

Jefferson County, Indiana accounts for 74.98% of the area’s total NO x 

## emissions and Clark County accounts for 54.39% of the area’s to tal VOC emissions. The only major stationary source outside of the Louisville MSA is located in Jefferson County, Indiana. Jefferson County, Indiana is downwind from Clark and Floyd c ounties and emissions from Jefferson County, Indiana do not impact the Louisville MSA. Emissions from Harrison, Scott and Washington counties do not have a significant impact on air qu ality within the MSA. Overall ozone values have continued to drop and NO x 

## and VOC emissions are expect ed to decrease throughout the Midwest over the next few years when CAIR has been fully implemented. Louisville, Kentucky is the core of the MSA and its population and em issions are significantly higher than those in Clark and Floyd counties.



# Level of Control of Emission Sources

The only major stationary source located in th e Indiana portion of the Louisville MSA is located in Floyd County. The Gallagher power plant located in Floyd County is currently controlled by low NO x 

## burner technology with separated overfire air. The Duke Energy Indiana - Gallagher Station power plant is installing sele ctive catalytic reduction systems on all four of its electric generating un its anticipating operation starting in 2015.

The major stationary source located in Je fferson County, Indiana is downwind of the Louisville MSA. The Indiana Kentucky Electri c Corporation - Clifty Creek power plant is currently controlled by selective catalytic reduc tion and overfire air. Indiana does not believe that the current or future emissions from the C lifty Creek power plant are affecting the monitor violations in Clark and Floyd count ies. Most of the other major ozone precursor sources within the Louisville area are subject to the NO x 

## SIP Call, CAIR or RACT requirements. Southeast Indiana 2005 NOX Point Source Emissions Washington County

0%

Harrison County

0%
Jefferson

County 75%

Scott County 0% Clark County 7%

Floyd County 18% Northwest Indiana 2005 VOC Point Source Emissions Washington County 11%

Floyd County 3% Harrison County

9% Scott County 7%

Jefferson

County 16% Clark County 54%

## 27 

# Southeastern Indiana Traffic Patterns

2006 Commuting Patterns

Total Workforce: Number of persons who live in County and work Number of persons who live AND work in County Number of persons who live in County and work in another County Percent In County Percent Out of County Clark County 66,760 42,078 24,682 63.0% 37.0% Floyd County 48,350 27,319 21,031 56.5% 43.5% Harrison County 25,597 15,051 10,546 58.8% 41.2% Jefferson County 21,104 17,929 3,175 85.0% 15.0% Scott County 14,977 10,491 4,486 70.0% 30.0% Washington County 17,601 11,553 6,048 65.6% 34.4%



## Within the Southeastern Indiana area, the highest concentrations of employment by residents of the county and vehicle miles tr aveled (VMT) is split between Clark and Floyd counties. Although mild urban growth is occurrin g in neighboring counties, the majority of the region’s VMT and traffic congestion is generated within the core urban areas of Jeffersonville (Clark County) and New Albany (Floyd County), and Clark (63.0%) and Floyd (56.5%) counties maintain high concentrations for employment, co mpared to the other counties within the area. The majority of the traffic congestion occurs in Clark and Floyd counties. A significant level of commuting occurs from the surrounding counties to Clark and Floyd counties. In fact, those two counties have the largest level of commuting to an d from each other in Southeastern Indiana.

## 28 

# Southeastern Indiana Growth Rates and Patterns

Population 1990 Population 2000 Percent Change from 1990 to 2000 Population Estimate 2007 Percent Change from 2000 to 2007 Population Estimate 2010 Percent Change from 2000 to 2010 Population Estimate 2020 Percent Change from 2000 to 2020 Clark County 87,774 96,472 9.0% 105,035 8.2% 101,969 5.4% 111,310 13.3% Floyd County 64,404 70,823 9.1% 73,064 3.1% 71,992 1.6% 73,569 3.7% Harrison County 29,890 34,325 12.9% 36,810 6.8% 38,203 10.2% 41,185 16.7% Jefferson County 29,797 31,705 6.0% 32,704 3.1% 33,293 4.8% 34,209 7.3% Scott County 20,991 22,960 8.6% 23,679 3.0% 24,947 8.0% 25,850 11.2% Washington County 23,717 27,223 12.9% 27,920 2.5% 29,613 8.1% 30,015 9.3%



## Southeastern Indiana as a region has not grown very rapidly over the past decade, nor is it expected to in the future. There are signs of population shifts, but no expectation for regional growth that would adversely affect air quality.



# Evaluation for Southeastern Indiana

March 12, 2009 Designation Recommendations for Southeastern Indiana: Clark County Nonattainment Floyd County Nonattainment Harrison County Attainment/Unclassifiable Jefferson County Attainment/Unclassifiable Scott County Attainment/Unclassifiable Washington County Attainment/Unclassifiable

## 29 

# Dearborn County, Indiana

Background

Lawrenceburg Township in Dearborn County, Indian a, which is part of the Cincinnati, Ohio MSA, was designated nonattainment under the 19 97 8-hour ozone standard . There are no ozone monitoring sites in Dearborn County, Indiana. An attainment demonstration was sent to U.S. EPA on April 5, 2008, which states that the ar ea will attain the ozone standard by 2009. Indiana’s portion of the Cincinna ti, Ohio MSA includes Dearborn, Franklin and Ohio counties.



# Dearborn County, Indiana Monitoring Data

Lawrenceburg Township Ripley Franklin

Decatur

Jefferson Dearborn

Switzerland Ohio Jennings Rush

Scott

Clark Legend

Ozone Monitor Under the 2008 8-hour Ozone Standard

Ozone Monitor Over the 2008 8-hour Ozone Standard

Attainment/Unclassifiable
Attainment-Based on Monitoring Data Nonattainment-Based on Monitoring Data

## 30 There are no monitors located in the Indiana portion of the Cincinna ti MSA. Within the Cincinnati MSA, Hamilton County, Ohio accounts for the majority of the emissions, population, and vehicle miles traveled (VMT). If monitors were located in the Indiana portion of the MSA, it is reasonable to assume that the values would be consistent with background values elsewhere in the state and Midwest. Theref ore, Indiana does not believe the ozone concentrations in this area exceed the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard. Additionally, based on analysis of similar urban areas, Indiana does not believe that emissions from Dearborn County and surrounding counties contribute significantly to ozone values elsewhere in the Cincinnati MSA.



# Dearborn County, Indiana Emissions Data

2005 Point Source Emissions (Tons Per Year) 

### NO x 

### % of Area VOC % of Area Dearborn County 10,407.81 100.00% 1,204.44 100.00% Franklin County 0.00 0.00% 0.00 0.00% Ohio County 0.00 0.00% 0.00 0.00% TOTAL 10,407.81 1,204.44

Lawrenceburg, Indiana Area 2005 NOX Point Source Emissions Ohio County 0%

Dearborn County 100% Franklin County

0% Lawrenceburg, Indiana Area 2005 VOC Point Source Emissions Franklin County

0% Ohio County 0%

Dearborn County 100% 

## Note: These charts do not account for emissions from Ohio sources, which would alter the ratios significantly.

Dearborn County accounts for 100% of Indian a’s portion of the Cincinnati MSA’s total NO x 

## and total VOC emissions. The only major st ationary source in the area is located in Lawrenceburg Township in Dearborn County. Essentially the rest of Dearborn County along with the rest of Indiana’s portion (Franklin and Ohio counties) of the Cincinnati MSA are rural in nature. Emissions from Franklin and Ohio c ounties do not have a significant impact on air quality within the MSA. Overall ozone values have continued to drop and NO x 

## emissions are expected to decrease throughout th e Midwest over the next few years when CAIR has been fully implemented.

## 31 

# Level of Control of Emission Sources

The American Electric Power (AEP) -Tanner’ s Creek Generating Station power plant, located in Lawrenceburg Township in Dearbor n County, is covered by a consent decree and several, but not all, electric generating units will have to appl y controls. Currently the power plant is controlled by low NO x 

## burner technology (dry bottom only) and overfire air. AEPTanner’s Creek Generating Station will be instal ling selective non-catalytic reduction systems on three of its four electric genera ting units, with operation to begi n in mid-2009. This will achieve an additional 30% reduction in NO x. 

## Indiana believes that emissions from Dearborn County do not affect the downwind area’s ability to attain the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard. Most of the other major ozone precursor sources with in the Cincinnati area are subject to the NO x 

## SIP Call, CAIR or RACT requirements.



# Dearborn County, Indiana Traffic Patterns

2006 Commuting Patterns

Total Workforce: Number of persons who live in County and work Number of persons who live AND work in County Number of persons who live in County and work in another County Percent In County Percent Out of County 

### Dearborn County 33,559 19,067 14,492 56.8% 43.2% Franklin County 15,585 8,456 7,129 54.3% 45.7% Ohio County 4,126 2,201 1,925 53.3% 46.7%

## 32 

# Dearborn County, Indiana Growth Rates and Patterns

Population 1990 Population 2000 Percent Change from 1990 to 2000 Population Estimate 2007 Percent Change from 2000 to 2007 Population Estimate 2010 Percent Change from 2000 to 2010 Population Estimate 2020 Percent Change from 2000 to 2020 

### Dearborn County 38,835 46,109 15.8% 49,759 7.3% 50,855 9.3% 54,017 14.6% Franklin County 19,580 22,151 11.6% 23,234 4.7% 24,035 7.8% 24,413 9.3% Ohio County 5,315 5,623 5.5% 5,772 2.6% 6,092 7.7% 6,220 9.6%



## Dearborn, Franklin and Ohio counties have not grown very rapidly over the past decade, nor are they expected to in the future. There ar e no expectations for regi onal growth that would adversely affect air quality.



# Evaluation for Dearborn County, Indiana

March 12, 2009 Designation Recommendati ons for Lawrenceburg, Indiana Area: Dearborn County Attainment/Unclassifiable Franklin County Attainment/Unclassifiable Ohio County Attainment/Unclassifiable

## 33 

# Southwestern Indiana

Background

Vanderburgh and Warrick counties, which ar e part of the Evansville, MSA, were designated nonattainment under the 1997 8-hour ozone standard. The monitor sites in Vanderburgh and Warrick counties have measured air quality that meets the 1997 8-hour ozone standard since 2002. A Redesignation Petition and Maintenance Plan for Vanderburgh and Warrick counties was approved by U.S. EPA on January 30, 2006. The Evansville MSA includes Gibson, Posey, Vanderburgh and Warrick. There are ozone monitors in every county in the Evansville MSA except for Gibson County.

Perry County is not part of an MSA and was designated attainment under the 1997 8-hour ozone standard.



# Southwestern Indiana Monitoring Data

Highlighted data means 2006-2008 Design Value is above 0.076 ppm 4 th Highest Ozone Values (ppm) County Monitor Location 2006 2007 2008 Design Value 2006-2008 (ppm) Perry Leopold 0.079 0.080 0.073 0.077 Posey St. Phillips 0.058 0.080 0.069 0.069 Vanderburgh Mill Road 0.075 0.085 0.074 0.078 Vanderburgh Inglefield 0.081 0.088 0.072 0.080 Warrick Boonville 0.078 0.083 0.071 0.077 Warrick Lynnville 0.070 0.080 0.064 0.071 Warrick Dayville 0.078 0.076 0.060 0.071

## 34 Leopold 0.077 ppm Lynnville 0.071 ppm

Boonville 0.077 ppm

Dayville 0.071 ppm Inglefield 0.080 ppm

Evansville 0.078 ppm St. Phillips 0.069 ppm Knox

Pike

Perry Gibson

Posey Dubois Daviess

Orange Martin

Warrick

Spencer Lawrence

Crawford

Vanderburgh Greene Sullivan

Harrison

Legend

Ozone Monitor Under the 2008 8-hour Ozone Standard

Ozone Monitor Over the 2008 8-hour Ozone Standard

Attainment/Unclassifiable
Attainment-Based on Monitoring Data Nonattainment-Based on Monitoring Data



## There are six monitors located within the Ev ansville MSA and three of them are over the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard. Within the Evansville MSA, Vanderburgh and Warrick counties account for the majority of the emi ssions, population, and vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Indiana also has a monitor in Leopold in nearby Perry County. The monitor in Leopold is over the revised 2008 8- hour ozone standard.

Southwest Indiana’s air quali ty is clearly dominated by the many large sources of NO x 

## in the region. Ozone levels have been d ecreasing over the past few years as NO x 

## controls have been installed at many of these sources. Air qua lity will continue to improve when the CAIR rule is fully implemented. The only monitors in the region that exceed the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard are in Vanderburgh and Warrick c ounties. Indiana believe s there is no reason to include the other counties in the nonattainment area. U.S. EPA should keep the nonattainment areas as small as possible. The prevailing wind di rection is from southwes t, south and southeast, which means that Vanderburgh County emissions are not dominating the ozone readings in Warrick County, directly to the east . It is the regional levels of NO x 

## to the south and southwest of Warrick County that are pr imarily causing the high levels. Modeling shows that both Vanderburgh and Warrick counties will meet th e revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard when regional NO x 

## levels decrease. Perry County’s air quali ty is dominated by regional transport of

## 35 NO x 

## into the area. Air quality will continue to improve when the CAIR rule is fully implemented. Perry County is not located within an MSA but the monitor exceeds the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard. Indiana believes there is no reason to include other counties, other than Perry County, in the nonattainment area. Th e other counties in the ar ea are essentially rural in nature, do not have measured air quality in excess of the revised 2008 8-hour ozone standard, and are not contributing to elevat ed ozone levels in Perry County. Indiana strongly encourages U.S. EPA to consider Perry County as a rural area affected by overwhelming transport.

LADCO conducted future year modeling in order to determine the ozone impacts on monitors in the Midwest. The following tabl e outlines LADCO’s Round 5 future year modeling results for Posey, Vanderburgh and Warrick County ozone monitors. Results show all monitors in Southwest Indiana meet the 2008 revised 8-hour ozone NAAQS by 2009 and 2012. There is insufficient data to determine the baseyear design value in order to conduct future-year modeling for Perry County at this time.

LADCO’s Round 5 Future Year Mo deling Results for 2009 and 2012
BaseYear 2009 2012 Monitor ID County Site D.V. D.V. D.V.

181290003 Posey St. Phillips 0.0717 0.0680 0.0670 181630012 Vanderburgh Mill Road 0.0773 0.0730 0.0720 181630013 Vanderburgh Inglefield 0.0677 0.0640 0.0630 181730008 Warrick Boonville 0.0777 0.0740 0.0730 181730011 Warrick Dayville 0.0775 0.0740 0.0730 181730009 Warrick Lynnville 0.0727 0.0700 0.0690



# Southwestern Indiana Emissions Data

2005 Point Source Emissions (Tons Per Year)
NO x % of Area VOC % of Area Gibson County 30,364.55 41.80% 1,236.72 31.88% Perry County 91.61 0.12% 239.83 6.18% Pike County 18,299.68 25.19% 197.77 5.09% Posey County 8,064.24 11.10% 1,064.64 27.44% Vanderburgh County 119.04 0.16% 524.03 13.50% Warrick County 15,689.05 21.60% 616.29 15.88% TOTAL 72,628.17 3,879.28

## 36 Gibson County accounts for 41.80% of the area’s total NO x 

## emissions and 31.88% of the area’s total VOC emissions. Gibson County is downwind of the Evansville area and does not impact monitor violations in Vanderburgh a nd Warrick counties. Vanderburgh County has significantly lower emissions than surrounding counties in Southwestern Indiana. There are no major stationary sources in Perry County and emi ssions from that county are not impacting the Evansville MSA. Overall, ozone va lues have continued to drop and NO x 

## and VOC emissions are expected to decrease throughout th e Midwest over the next few years when CAIR has been fully implemented. Reductions expected to occur in Warrick and Gibson counties over the next two years will significantly alter the contribution from these counties and further improve air quality in the near future.



# Level of Control of Emission Sources

NO x 

## emissions from electric generating units in the Southwestern Indiana area have decreased substantially during the past few years. The decrease in NO x 

## can be largely attributed to those electric generating units located with in and surrounding the Southwest Indiana area that have reduced their NO x 

## emissions as a result of the NO x 

## SIP Call.

The Southern Indiana Gas and Electric Company, Inc. (SIGECO) - F.B. Culley power plant located in Warrick County was required to s hut down one of its electric generating units. The other two electric generating units are under a consent decree to operate at 95% efficiency at all times the units are in operation. With the c onsent decree, the controls result in a significant reduction in NO x 

## emissions. These controls will be in place prior to the attainment date and emissions from the power plant will not increas e in the near future. The ALCOA – Warrick Operations power plant located in Warrick County is currently controlled by Low NO x 

## Burner Technology with Overfire Air. These controls are in place prior to the attainment date. Indiana believes that emissions from Warrick County do not affect the downwind ar ea’s ability to attain the ozone standard. Most of the other major oz one precursor sources within the Evansville area are subject to the NO x 

## SIP Call, CAIR or RACT requirements. Southwest Indiana 2005 NOX Point Source Emissions

Warrick County 22%

Posey County 11%

Pike County 25% Vanderbugh

County

0% Gibson County 42%

Perry County 0% Southwest Indiana 2005 VOC Point Source Emissions

Warrick County 16%

Perry County 6%

Pike County 5% Vanderbugh

County 14%

Posey County 27% Gibson County 32%

## 37 Comparison of 2005 Estimated and 2020 Projected Emission Estimates for Southwestern Indiana (Annual Tons) 2005 2020 Change % Change NO x 

## 100,738.05 33,920.55 -66,817.50 66.33%

NO x 

## emissions within the Southwestern Indi ana area are projected to decline by 66.33% between 2005 and 2020. Emission reduction bene fits from federal rules covering the NO x 

## SIP Call, CAIR, Tier 2 Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards and Gasoline Sulfur Control Requirements, the Highway Heavy-Duty Engine Ru le and the Nonroad Diesel Engine Rule are factored into the percent changes. Furt her, due to the implementation of the NO x 

## SIP Call and CAIR, NO x 

## and ozone levels entering this area will also be decreasing.



# Southwestern Indiana Traffic Patterns

2006 Commuting Patterns

Total Workforce: Number of persons who live in County and work Number of persons who live AND work in County Number of persons who live in County and work in another County Percent In County Percent Out of County Gibson County 22,589 17,739 4,850 78.5% 21.5% Perry County 12,448 9,204 3,244 73.9% 26.1% Pike County 8,955 5,379 3,576 60.1% 39.9% Posey County 18,217 11,752 6,465 64.5% 35.5% Vanderburgh County 113,021 104,474 8,547 92.4% 7.6% Warrick County 39,248 20,834 18,414 53.1% 46.9%



## Within the Evansville MSA, Vanderbur gh (92.4%) County maintains the highest concentration of employment by residents of the county, compared to the other counties within the area. The majority of the traffic congestion occurs in Vand erburgh and Warrick counties. A significant level of commuting occurs from the surrounding counties to Vanderburgh and

## 38 Warrick counties. These two counties have the largest level of commuting to and from each other.



# Southwestern Indiana Growth Rates and Patterns

Population 1990 Population 2000 Percent Change from 1990 to 2000 Population Estimate 2007 Percent Change from 2000 to 2007 Population Estimate 2010 Percent Change from 2000 to 2010 Population Estimate 2020 Percent Change from 2000 to 2020 Gibson County 31,913 32,500 1.8% 32,754 0.8% 32,904 1.2% 35,004 7.2% Perry County 19,107 18,899 -1.1% 18,916 0.0% 18,709 -1.0% 18,738 -0.9% Pike County 12,509 12,837 2.6% 12,605 -1.8% 13,317 3.6% 12,986 1.1% Posey County 25,968 27,061 4.0% 26,262 -3.0% 26,605 -1.7% 26,053 -3.7% Vanderburgh County 165,058 171,922 4.0% 174,425 1.4% 174,355 1.4% 174,827 1.7% Warrick County 44,920 52,383 14.2% 57,090 8.2% 56,631 7.5% 62,845 16.6%



## Southwestern Indiana as a region has not grown very rapidly over the past decade, nor is it expected to in the future. There are signs of population shifts , but no expectation for regional growth that would adversely affect air quality.



# Evaluation for Southwestern Indiana

March 12, 2009 Designation Recommenda tions for Southwestern Indiana: Gibson County Attainment/Unclassifiable Perry County Nonattainment Pike County Attainment/Unclassifiable Posey County Attainment Vanderburgh County Nonattainment Warrick County Nonattainment

## REVISIONS TO EPA’S OZ ONE AIR QUALITY INDEX FACT SHEET

ACTION

• On March 12, 2008 EPA revised its Air Qualit y Index (AQI) for ozone to reflect changes to the national ambient air quality standards for ground-leve l ozone. The AQI is EPA’s color-coded tool for communicating daily air quality to the public.

• The AQI revisions address the ranges of ozone that are represented by the AQI categories, such as “good,” “moderate,” “unhealthy for sensitive groups,” and “unhealthy.” EPA has adjusted the upper end of the “moderate” range to be equal to the new primary 8-hour ozone standard, which is 0.075 parts per million (ppm), and has made proportional changes to the other categorie s. This action is part of the rule EPA issued to significantly stre ngthen the ozone standards.

• Under the revised AQI, ozone levels above 0.075 ppm would be considered in the “unhealthy for sensitive groups ” category –known to many peopl e as a “code orange” air quality day. When ozone is in this category, EPA recommends certain groups adjust their activity levels to reduce their ozone exposure. These groups include children and adults who are active outdoors, people with asthma or other lung diseases and older adults.

• State and local governments may begin usi ng the new AQI breakpoints immediately to issue voluntary ozone forecasts and for calli ng air quality action days. Cities of 350,000 and larger are required to re port the daily AQI and must be gin using the new breakpoints no later than 60 days after the revised oz one standards are published in the Federal Register.

• The table below shows the new breakpoints:

No Change No Change 401-500 No Change No Change 301-400 Hazardous 0.116-0.374 0.125-0.374 201-300 Very Unhealthy 0.096-0.115 0.105-0.124 151-200 Unhealthy 0.076-0.095 0.085-0.104 101-150 Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups 0.060-0.075 0.065-0.084 51-100 Moderate 0.000-0.059 0.000-0.064 0-50 Good 2008 8-hour (ppm) 1997 8-hour (ppm) AQI Value Category

No Change No Change 401-500 No Change No Change 301-400 Hazardous 0.116-0.374 0.125-0.374 201-300 Very Unhealthy 0.096-0.115 0.105-0.124 151-200 Unhealthy 0.076-0.095 0.085-0.104 101-150 Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups 0.060-0.075 0.065-0.084 51-100 Moderate 0.000-0.059 0.000-0.064 0-50 Good 2008 8-hour (ppm) 1997 8-hour (ppm) AQI Value Category

## BACKGROUND:

• EPA calculates the AQI for five major air pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act: ground-level ozone, particle pollution (a lso known as particulate matter), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. An AQI value of 100 generally corresponds to the “primary,” na tional air quality standard for the pollutant, which is the standard EPA sets to protect public health.

• AQI values below 100 are generally thought of as satisfactory. When AQI values are above 100, air quality is considered to be unhea lthy -- at first for certain sensitive groups of people, then for everyone as AQI values get higher.

• People can reduce their exposure to ozone by changing the time of their activity or simply taking it easier on days when ozone levels are expected to be high. For example, a runner could run in the morning, when ozone leve ls are lower, instead of in the afternoon, when conditions tend to be more favorable for ozone formation. A runner also could reduce exposure by taking a walk instead of going for the run.

• State and local governments issue voluntary oz one forecasts for more than 300 U.S. cities during the ozone season, which generally runs from May 1 to September 30. More than 200 cities also issue forecasts for particle pollution, which can be a problem year-round, depending on location. These forecasts are widely carried on television and in newspapers, and also are availabl e on the AIRNow Web site, at www.airnow.gov

.

FOR MORE INFORMATION

• For a daily map showing air quality fo recasts across the country, got to www.airnow.gov and click on “National Forecast.”

• To learn more about air pollution and health, go to www.airnow.gov and click on “Publications.”

• For more information about EPA’s action to st rengthen the national oz one standards, visit www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone

.

## FACT SHEET FINAL REVISIONS TO TH E NATIONAL AMBIENT AI R QUALITY STANDARDS FOR OZONE

SUMMARY OF ACTION Ozone standards

• On March 12, 2008, EPA significantly strengthened its national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for ground-level ozone, the primar y component of smog. These changes will improve both public health protection and the protection of sensitive trees and plants.

• EPA is revising the 8-hour “primary” ozone stan dard, designed to protect public health, to a level of 0.075 parts per million (ppm). The previous standard, set in 1997, was 0.08 ppm. Because ozone is measured out to three deci mal places, the standard effectively became 0.084 ppm as a result of rounding.

• EPA is also strengthening the secondary 8-hour ozone stan dard to the level of 0.075 ppm making it identical to the revised primary standa rd. EPA decided to strengthen the secondary ozone standard after concluding that the 1997 secondary standard is not adequate to protect public welfare. Current ozone air quality con centrations in many area s of the country -- including some areas that meet the 1997 ozone standards -- are high enough to harm sensitive vegetation and ecosystems.

• EPA estimates that the revised standards will yi eld health benefits valued between $2 billion and $17 billion. Those benefits include preventin g cases of bronchitis, aggravated asthma, hospital and emergency room visits, nonfatal hear t attacks and premature death, among others.

• In addition, EPA is changing th e Air Quality Index (AQI) to refl ect the new primary standard. The AQI is EPA’s color-coded tool designed for use by state and lo cal authorities to inform the public about daily air pollution levels in their communities.

Scientific Review

• Breathing air containing ozone can reduce lung function and in crease respiratory symptoms, thereby aggravating asthma or other respirat ory conditions. Ozone exposure also has been associated with increased susceptibility to resp iratory infections, medi cation use by asthmatics, doctors visits, and emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with respiratory disease. Ozone exposure may also c ontribute to premature death, especially in people with heart and lung disease.

• After evaluating the resu lts of more than 1,700 new scientific studies available for this review, EPA concluded that ozone causes adverse health effects at the level of the 1997 standard and below. This newly available evidence streng thens EPA’s confidence in the findings of the 1997 review and identifies important ne w health endpoints associated with ozone exposure, including mortality, increased asthma medication use, sc hool absenteeism, and cardiac-related effects

. 

## Furthermore, studies of asthmatics indicate th at they experience larger and more serious responses to ozone that last longer th an responses for healthy individuals.

1

## • In addition, new scientific ev idence since the last review of the ozone NAAQS continues to show that repeated exposure to ozone damages sensitive vegetation and trees, including those in forests and parks, leading to reduced growth and productivit y, increased susceptibility to disease and pests, and damaged foliage.

• EPA selected levels for the final standards afte r completing an extensive review of thousands of scientific studies on the impact of ground level ozone on public health and the environment. The Agency also carefully reviewed and consid ered public comment as well as comment from its Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) on the proposed standards. EPA held five public hearings and received thousands of written comments.

Clean Air Rules

• EPA has issued a number of rules that will help states make progress toward meeting the revised ozone standards. These rules will si gnificantly reduce ground-level ozone pollution, both regionally and nationally, by reducing emissi ons of NOx. These rules include the Clean Air Interstate Rule to reduce ozone forming emi ssions from power plants in the eastern United States, and the Clean Diesel Program to reduce emissions from highway, nonroad and stationary diesel engines nationwide.

DETERMINING COMPLIANCE WITH THE STANDARDS

• In addition to changing the level of the st andards from 0.08 pm to 0.075 ppm, EPA is now specifying the level of the standard to the th ird decimal. An area will meet the revised standards if the three-year av erage of the annual fourth-highe st daily maximum 8-hour average at every ozone monitor is less than or equal to the level of the st andard (i.e., 0.075 ppm).

BENEFITS AND COSTS

• The Clean Air Act prohibits EPA from consid ering costs in setting or revising National Ambient Air Quality Standards. To inform th e public, the Agency analyzes the benefits and costs of meeting the standards as required by Executive Order 12866 and guidance from the White House Office of Management and Budget.

• To estimate the benefits of meeting a sta ndard, EPA uses a sophisticated peer-reviewed approach to model the relationship between air qu ality and health and welfare effects, the air quality impacts of implementing future pollution control technologies, and the dollar values of resulting public health improvements.

• EPA’s Regulatory Impact Analysis presents a ra nge of benefits for meeting the revised ozone standards:

o Based on the largest multi-city study used in EPA’s risk analysis, an estimated 260 to 2,000 premature deaths would be avoided annually in 2020. When added to the other projected benefits from reduced ozone, these avoided deat hs lead to an estimated total ozone-related benefit of $3 to $17 billion per year.

2

## o Using three studies that synthe size data across a large number of individual studies, an estimated 420 to 2,300 premature deaths would be avoided annually in 2020, leading to total monetized ozone-related benefits of between $4 and $17 billion per year.

o Alternatively, if there is no causal relati onship between ozone and mortality, avoided premature deaths associated with reduced ozone exposure w ould be zero, and the total monetized ozone-related benefits would range between $2 billion and $17 billion per year (including 190 to 2,000 deaths per year avoi ded due to reduced particle pollution).

• The benefits estimates also include the value of an estimated reduction in the following adverse health effects in 2020:

o 380 cases of chronic bronchitis,

o 890 nonfatal heart attacks,

o 1,900 hospital and emergency room visits,

o 1,000 cases of acute bronchitis,

o 11,600 cases of upper and lower respiratory symptoms,

o 6,100 cases of aggravated asthma,

o 243,000 days when people miss work or school, and

o 750,000 days when people must restrict their acti vities because of ozone-related illnesses Note: These benefits estimate s reflect both the ozone and parti cle pollution reductions that would result from a revised ozone standard

.

• To estimate the costs of meeting a standard, EPA uses several peer-reviewed approaches for modeling the cost of using both existing controls and controls that may be developed in the future for reducing NOx and VOCs .

EPA estimates that costs of implementing a st andard of 0.075 ppm would range from a low of $7.6 billion to a high of $8.8 billion annually in 2020.

IMPLEMENTING THE STANDARDS

• These revised standards will lead to substantially improved air quality in urban and rural areas throughout the United States.

• The Clean Air Act requires EPA to designate ar eas as attainment (meeting the standards), nonattainment (not meeting the standards), or uncla ssifiable (insufficient da ta to classify) after the Agency sets a new standard, or revises an existing standard. The following schedule will apply to the revised ozone standards:

o States must make recommendations to EP A no later than March 2009 for areas to be designated attainment, nonattain ment and unclassifiable.

3

## o EPA will issue final designations of attain ment, nonattainment and unclassifiable areas no later than March 2010 unless there is insuffici ent information to make these designation decisions. In that case, EPA will issu e designations no later than March 2011.

o States must submit State Implementation Plans outlining how they will reduce pollution to meet the standards by a date that EPA will establis h in a separate rule. That date will be no later than three years after EPA’s final designations. If EPA issues designations in 2010, then these plans would be due no later than 2013.

o States are required to meet the standards by deadlines that may vary based on the severity of the problem in the area.

• EPA will issue a separate rule to address mon itoring requirements necessary to implement the new standards. EPA intends to propose a monito ring rule in June 2008 and issue a final rule by March 2009.

BACKGROUND:

WHAT IS OZONE?

• Ozone is found in two regions of the Earth’s atmosphere – at ground level and in the upper regions of the atmosphere. Both types of ozone have the same chemical composition (O 3 

## ). While upper atmospheric ozone forms a protectiv e layer from the sun’s harmful rays, ground level ozone is the primary component of smog.

• Ground-level ozone is not emitted directly into th e air, but forms through a reaction of nitrogen oxides (NO x 

## ) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight.

• Emissions from industrial faciliti es and electric utilit ies, motor vehicle exhaust, gasoline vapors, and chemical solvents are the major man-made sources of NOx and VOCs.

• Because sunlight and hot weather accelerate its formation, ozone is mainly a summertime air pollutant. Both urban and rural areas can have hi gh ozone levels, often due to transport of ozone or its precursors (NOx and VOCs) from hundreds of miles away.

OZONE AND PUBLIC HEALTH

• Health effects associated with e xposure to ground-level ozone include:

o Reduced lung function, making it more diffi cult for people to breathe as deeply and vigorously as normal;

o Irritated airways, causing coughing, sore or sc ratchy throat, pain when taking a deep breath and shortness of breath;

o Increased frequency of asthma attacks;

o Inflammation of and damage to the lining of the lung;

o Increased susceptibility to respiratory infection; and

o Aggravation of chronic lung diseases such as asthma, emphysema and bronchitis.

4

## • In some people, these effects can lead to:

o Increased medication use among asthmatics;

o More frequent doctors visits;

o School absences; and

o Increased emergency room visits and hospital admissions.

• Ozone may continue to cause lung damage ev en when the symptoms have disappeared.

• Breathing ozone may contribute to premature de ath, especially in peop le with heart and lung disease.

OZONE AND THE ENVIRONMENT

• Ground-level ozone can have harmful effect s on various plants and ecosystems. When sufficient ozone enters the l eaves of a plant, it can:

o Interfere with the ability of sensitive plants to produce and store food, making them more susceptible to certain diseases, insects, othe r pollutants, competition and harsh weather

o Visibly damage the leaves of trees and ot her plants, harming the appearance of urban vegetation, national parks, and recreation areas; and

o Reduce forest growth and crop yields.

REVIEW OF THE OZONE STANDARDS

• The Clean Air Act directs EPA to set National Ambient Air Quality Standards for pollutants considered harmful to public health and the e nvironment. National standards exist for six pollutants: ozone, particulate matter, carbon mon oxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.

• For each of these pollutants, the Clean Air Act requires EPA to set the health-based or “primary” standards at a level judged to be “re quisite to protect the public health with an adequate margin of safety” and establish seconda ry standards that are “requisite” to protect public welfare from “any known or anticipated e ffects associated with the pollutant in the ambient air” including effects on crops, vegeta tion, wildlife, buildings and national monuments, and visibility.

• The law requires EPA to review the standard s once every five years to determine whether revisions to the standards are appropriate.

• 

## EPA last updated the ozone standards in 1997. The decision to revise the standards was challenged in court by a number of parties and ul timately reached the U.S. Supreme Court. In 2001, the Court unanimously upheld the constitu tionality of the 1970 Clean Air Act provision that authorizes EPA to set NAAQS to protect public health and welfare. The Court also affirmed that the Clean Air Act requires EPA to set ambient air quality standards, at levels sufficient but not more than necessary, to protect the public health with an adequate margin of safety, and to protect the public welfare, without considering th e economic costs of implementing the standards.

5

## • Under terms of a consent decree, EPA agreed to issue a proposal on the ozone standards by June 20, 2007 and a final rule by March 12, 2008.

• The ozone review process began with an asse ssment of scientific studies on ozone by EPA’s National Center for Environmental Assessment. This assessment was published as an Air Quality Criteria Document for Ozone, which explored the scientific data pertaining to the health and environmental effects associated with ozone. EPA’s Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards then prepared a “Staff Paper” doc ument which presented key policy-relevant scientific information, the results of quantitativ e exposure and risk assess ments with associated uncertainties, and a policy assessment that id entified policy options, including ranges of standards, for consideration by the Administrator.

• The Criteria Document and Staff Paper underw ent extensive scientific and public review, including review by the Clean Air Scient ific Advisory Committee (CASAC), EPA’s independent scientific advisory body established by the Clean Air Ac t. As part of its mandate, CASAC makes recommendations to EPA on the adequacy of the existing standards and revisions it believes would be a ppropriate. Based on the scientif ic assessments, and taking into account the recommendations of CASAC and public comments, the EPA Administrator must judge whether it is appropriat e to revise the standards.

• Before making a final decision on whether to revise the ozone NAAQS, EPA undertook an extensive public review and comment process on its proposed decision of June 20, 2007. The Agency carefully considered and analyzed issues raised in public co mments during the public comment period on the proposed rule , which ended October 9, 2007.

FOR MORE INFORMATION

• Interested parties can download the notice from EPA's Web site at: http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone

6L a w r e n c e b u r g T w n s h p A l l e n

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# OZONE NONATTAINMENT AREAS

Legend

Ozone Counties

Attainment Nonattainment (Subpart 2/EPA Moderate) Nonattainment (Subpart 1/ EPA Basic)Harding St 0.073 Gary IITRI

0.073

Leo 0.072

E 16th St

0.072 Avon 0.073

Flora 0.072 Bristol 0.072

Albany 0.071

Sandcut 0.070 Granger 0.073

Leopold 0.077 Emporia 0.072 LaPorte 0.070 Hammond

0.073 Whiting 0.077

Roanoke 0.070

Plummer

0.077

Dayville 0.071 Lynville 0.071 Fairland 0.075
Monrovia

0.076 Fort Ben 0.078

Boonville

0.077 Trafalgar 0.075 Fortville 0.076

Inglefield

0.080 Evansville

0.078 South Bend 0.062 Potato Crk

0.069 Valparaiso

0.070

Brownstown 0.074

New Albany 0.077 Whitestown

0.078 Fort Wayne 0.073

Terre Haute

0.065

St. Phillips

0.069 Michigan City 0.069

Mann Rd 0.076 Ogden Dunes 0.074

Noblesville 0.078

Charlestown 0.081 Allen

Jay Lake

Knox Vigo White Jasper

Cass

Clay Laporte

Pike Rush Parke Grant

Greene

Perry Ripley

Clark Noble

Gibson Porter

Wells

Posey Elkhart

Owen Henry Boone Miami

Jackson Putnam

Dubois Shelby Pulaski Fulton

Marion Wayne Clinton

Sullivan

Harrison Benton Carroll

Daviess Martin

Orange Kosciusko

Monroe

Morgan Madison Newton Marshall

Warrick Wabash

Warren

Brown DeKalb

Franklin

Adams Starke

Spencer Decatur Randolph

Lawrence Whitley

Fountain

Hamilton

Washington St. Joseph

Tippecanoe Tipton

Jennings Delaware

Hendricks Lagrange

Montgomery

Jefferson Steuben

Howard

Johnson

Scott Huntington

Crawford Dearborn Bartholomew Fayette Union

Floyd Switzerland Ohio Hancock Vermillion

Vanderburgh Blackford 

# Ozone Standard at 0.075 ppm Based on 2006-2008 Ozone Design Values

Legend

Values posted are in units of ppm.
Values Under the Standard of 0.075 ppm
Values Over the Standard of 0.075 ppm Ozone Counties Based on Ozone Standard of 0.075 ppm

Attainment

Nonattainment