|  | OMB APPROVAL 
OMB Number: 3235-0288 
UNITED STATES 
Expires: September 30, 2007 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
Estimated average burden 
Washington, D.C. 20549 
Hours per response: 2631.00 
**FORM 20-F 
(Mark One) 

____ 
**REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES    EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**
**OR**X__ 
**ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE    SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2006**
OR 
____ 
**TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE    ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to**
**OR**
____ 
**SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF    THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Date of event requiring this shell company    report__________________ For the transition period from to**
Commission file number **0-28980**
**ROYAL STANDARD MINERALS INC.**

(Exact name of Registrant as    specified in its charter) 
(Translation of Registrant's name into English) 
**CANADA 
(Jurisdiction of incorporation    or organization) 
**3258 MOB NECK ROAD HEATHSVILLE, VIRGINIA 22473**
(Address of principal    executive offices) 
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act. 
Title of each class 

____________________________________    

____________________________________    
Name of each exchange on which registered 

____________________________________    

____________________________________    
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act. 
COMMON SHARES 
(Title of Class) 
(Title of Class) 
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of    the Act. 
(Title of Class) 
SEC 1852 (05-06) 
**Persons who respond to the collection of information contained in this form are    not required to respond unless the form displays a currently valid OMB control number**
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of    capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report. 
**57,822,578 Common Shares**
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as    defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. 
______Yes __X___No
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the    registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the    Securities and Exchange Act of 1934. 
__X__Yes ____No
Note - Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file    reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their    obligations under those sections. 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required    to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the    preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file    such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. 
______Yes __X___No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an    accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated    filer and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check Below) 
Large accelerated filer _____ Accelerated filer _____ Non-accelerated filer    __X___ 
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected    to follow. 
___X___ Item 17 _____ Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicated by check mark whether the registrant is a    shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). 
______Yes __X___No
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST    FIVE YEARS) 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports    required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934    subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. 
______Yes _____No 
**PART 1**
ITEM 1 
IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS 
5 
ITEM 2 
OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE 
5 
ITEM 3 
KEY INFORMATION 
5 
*A.*
*Selected financial data*
5 
*B.*
*Capitalization and indebtedness*
6 
*C.*
*Reasons for the offer and use of proceeds*
6 
*D.*
*Risk factors*
6 
ITEM 4 
INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY 
9 
*A.*
*History and development of the company*
9 
*B.*
*Business overview*
9 
*C.*
*Organizational structure*
15 
*D.*
*Property, plants and equipment*
16 
ITEM 5 
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS 
16 
*A.*
*Operating results*
16 
*B.*
*Liquidity and capital resources*
20 
*C.*
*Research and development, patents and licenses, etc.*
23 
*D.*
*Trend information*
23 
*E.*
*Off balance sheet arrangements*
24 
*F.*
*Tabular disclosures of contractual obligations*
24 
*G.*
*Safe harbor*
24 
ITEM 6 
DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES 
24 
*A.*
*Directors and senior management*
24 
*B.*
*Compensation*
25 
*C.*
*Board practices*
28 
*D.*
*Employees*
33 
*E.*
*Share ownership*
33 
ITEM 7 
MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 
33 
*A.*
*Major shareholders*
33 
B. 
*Related party transactions*
34 
C. 
*Interests of experts and counsel*
34 
ITEM 8 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION 
34 
*A.*
*Consolidated statements and other financial information*
34 
*B.*
*Significant changes*
34 
ITEM 9 
THE OFFER AND LISTING 
35 
*A.*
*Offer and listing details*
35 
*B.*
*Plan of distribution*
36 
*C.*
*Markets*
36 
*D.*
*Selling shareholders*
37 
*E.*
*Dilution*
37 
*F.*
*Expense of the issue*
37 
ITEM 10 
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 
37 
*A.*
*Share capital*
37 
*B.*
*Memorandum and articles of association*
37 
*C.*
*Material contracts*
37 
*D.*
*Exchange controls*
37 
*E.*
*Taxation*
40 
*F.*
*Dividends and paying agents*
40 
*G.*
*Statements by experts*
40 
*H.*
*Documents on display*
41 
*I.*
*Subsidiary information*
41 
ITEM 11 
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 
41 
ITEM 12 
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES 
41 
**PART II**
ITEM 13 
DEFAULTS, DIVIDENT ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES 
41 
ITEM 14 
MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS 
41 
ITEM 15 
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 
41 
ITEM 16 
[RESERVED] 
42 
ITEM 16A 
AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL REPORT 
42 
ITEM 16B 
CODE OF ETHICS 
42 
ITEM 16C 
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES 
42 
ITEM 16D 
EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES 
42 
ITEM 16E 
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS 
42 
**PART III**
43 
ITEM 17 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
43 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS 
70 
ITEM 18 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
79 
ITEM 19 
EXHIBITS 
79 
SIGNATURES 
79 
CERTIFICATIONS 
81
CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 
83 **Item 1. Identity of Directors,Senior Management and Advisers 

Not Applicable 

**Item 2. Offer Statistics andExpected Timetable 
Not Applicable 

**Item 3. Key Information 
A. Selected financial data. 

The table below presentsselected statement of operations and balance sheet data for Royal Standard Minerals Inc.as at and for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003 and 2002. Theselected financial data presented herein is prepared in accordance with accountingprinciples generally accepted in Canada ("Canadian GAAP") and include theaccounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Southeastern Resources Inc.,Pinon Exploration Corporation, Standard Energy Inc., and Manhattan Mining Co., all UnitedStates Companies. 

A summary of the differencesbetween accounting principles generally accepted in Canada ("Canadian GAAP") andthose generally accepted in the United States ("US GAAP") which affect theCompany is contained in Note 16 of the Consolidated Financial Statements included withthis report. 
**Royal Standard Minerals Inc. (An Exploration Stage Enterprise) Consolidated Financial Statement Data For the Years Ended January 31 (Expressed in US Currency)**
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
Statement of Operations
Revenue 
$0 
$0 
$0 
$0 
$10,332 
Administrative Expenses 
$1,493,095 
$572,318 
$565,907 
$330,598 
$144,690 
Net loss for the year 
($1,611,057) 
($475,409) 
($554,626) 
($416,803) 
$295,648 
Deficit, beginning of year 
($7,852,833) 
($7,377,424) 
($6,822,798) 
($6,405,995) 
($6,701,643) 
Deficit, end of year 
($9,463,890) 
($7,852,833) 
($7,377,424) 
($6,822,798) 
($6,405,995) 
Earnings (loss) per common share 
Basic 
($0.03) 
($0.01) 
($0.02) 
($0.02) 
$0.02 
Diluted 
($0.03) 
($0.01) 
($0.02) 
($0.02) 
$0.01 
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding 
53,907,094 
41,090,912 
31,330,379 
25,537,033 
27,031,338 
**Balance Sheet**
Year Ended January 31 
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
Current Assets 
$1,445,200 
$541,835 
$273,291 
$377,753 
$619,968 
Exploration Properties 
$3,810,519 
$2,664,127 
$1,253,444 
$781,039 
$113,078 
Equipment 
$1,258,994 
$37,735 
$52,656 
$53,688 
$0 
Current Liabilities 
$221,733 
$104,087 
$106,178 
$82,300 
$45,905 *Currency Exchange Rates**Except where otherwiseindicated, all dollar figures in this annual report on Form 20-F, including the financialstatements, refer to United States currency. The following table sets forth, for theperiods indicated, certain exchange rates based on the exchange rates reported by theFederal Reserve Bank of New York as the noon buying rates in New York City for cabletransfers in foreign currencies as certified for customs purposes (the “NoonBuying Rate"). Such rates quoted are the number of U.S. dollars per Cdn $1.00 and arethe inverse of rates quoted by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for the number ofCanadian dollars per U.S. $1.00. 

Year Ended December 31, 
2001 
2002 
2003 
2004 
2005 
High for the period 
.6696 
.8532 
.7738 
.8493 
.8689 
Low for the period 
.6266 
.7992 
.6329 
.7196 
.7871 
Average rate for the period(1)
.6446 
.8308 
.7186 
.7716 
.8253 
Rate at end of period 
.6279 
.8358 
.7738 
.8308 
.8577 - (1) Based on the average exchange rates on the    last day of each month during the applicable period. 

**B. Capitalization andindebtedness. 
Not Applicable 

**C. Reasons for the offer and useof proceeds. 
Not Applicable 

**D. Risk factors.**

The operations of Royal Standardinvolve a number of substantial risks and the securities of Royal Standard are highlyspeculative in nature. The following risk factors should be considered: 
*Absence of Public Market***Trading of the CommonShares of Royal Standard on the TSX Venture Exchange and OTC Bulletin Board has beensporadic and very limited and no assurance can be given that an active trading market willdevelop or be sustained. Investment in Royal Standard is, therefore, not suitable for anyinvestors who may have to liquidate their investments on a timely basis and should only beconsidered by investors who are able to make a long term investment in Royal Standard.***Risk Inherent to RoyalStandard's Proposed Mining Activities*
1.****Royal Standard isengaged in the business of acquiring and exploring mineral properties in the hope oflocating an economic deposit or deposits of minerals. The property interests of theCompany are in the exploration stage only and are without a known body of commercial ore.There can be no assurance that the Company will generate any revenues or be profitable orthat the Company will be successful in locating an economic deposit of minerals. 

2. There are a number ofuncertainties inherent in any exploration and development program, including the locationof economic ore bodies, the development of appropriate metallurgical processes, thereceipt of necessary governmental permits, and the construction of mining and processingfacilities. Substantial expenditures will be required to pursue such exploration anddevelopment activities. Assuming discovery of an economic ore body, and depending on thetype of mining operation involved, several years may elapse from the initial stages ofdevelopment until commercial production is commenced. New mining operations frequentlyexperience unexpected problems during the exploration and development stages and duringthe initial production phase. In addition, preliminary reserve estimates may proveinaccurate. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Company's current explorationand development programs will result in any commercial mining operations. 

3. The Company may become subjectto liability for cave-ins and other hazards of mineral exploration against which it cannotinsure or against which it may elect not to insure because of high premium costs or otherreasons. Payment of such liabilities would reduce funds available for acquisition ofmineral prospects or exploration and development and would have a material adverse effecton the financial position of the Company. 
*History of Losses*
At January 31, 2006, the Companyhad an accumulated deficit of U.S. $9,463,890. There can be no assurance that the Companywill ever achieve revenues from operations or that its operations will ever be profitable.***Additional Capital*
The terms of the Company's rightsto its properties require that the Company expend significant funds on exploratory andother pre-production activities. Should the Company fail to make these expenditures on atimely basis, it would forfeit its rights to the particular projects, including the sumsexpended through the dates of such forfeitures. The Company's present capital resourcesare sufficient to fund these costs. There can be no assurance that the Company will beable to raise additional capital on acceptable terms or at all. In any event, anyadditional issuance of equity would be dilutive to the Company's current shareholders. 
*No History of Operations*
The Company is an explorationstage enterprise with no history of prior operations and no earnings. There can be noassurance that the Company's operations will become profitable in the future. The successof the Company will be dependent on the expertise of its management, the quality of itsproperties, and its ability to raise the necessary capital to carry out its business plan.If financing is unavailable for any reason, the Company will be unable to acquire andretain its mineral concessions and carry out its business plan.***Regulatory and EconomicFactors*
Any exploration operationscarried on by the Company are subject to government legislation, policies and controlsrelating to prospecting, development, production, environmental protection, mining taxesand labor standards. In addition, the profitability of any mining prospect is affected bythe market for minerals which is influenced by many factors including changing productioncosts, the supply and demand for minerals, the rate of inflation, the inventory of mineralproducers, the political environment and changes in international investment patterns. 
*Competition*
There is significant competitionfor the acquisition of properties producing or capable of producing gold and preciousminerals. The Company may be at a competitive disadvantage in acquiring additional miningproperties since it must compete with other individuals and companies, many of which havegreater financial resources and larger technical staffs than the Company. As a result ofthis competition, the Company may be unable to acquire attractive mining properties onterms it considers acceptable.***Title to Properties*
The validity of unpatented miningclaims on public lands, which constitute most of the property holdings is often uncertainand may be contested and subject to title defects. 
*Conflict of Interest*
Certain directors and officers ofthe Company are also directors and officers of other natural resource and base metalexploration and development companies. As a result, conflicts may arise between theobligations of these directors to the Company and to such other companies. 
*Dependence on Key Personnel*
The Company's success will bedependent upon the services of its President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. RolandLarsen. 
*Effect of OutstandingWarrants and Options; Negative Effect of Substantial Sales*
As of January 31, 2006, theCompany had outstanding options and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 16,109,280 CommonShares. All of the foregoing securities represent the right to acquire Common Shares ofthe Company during various periods of time and at various prices. Holders of thesesecurities are given the opportunity to profit from a rise in the market price of theCommon Shares and are likely to exercise its securities at a time when the Company wouldbe able to obtain additional equity capital on more favorable terms. Substantial sales ofCommon Shares pursuant to the exercise of such options and warrants could have a negativeeffect on the market price for the Common Shares. ***Dividends*
The Company does not anticipatepaying dividends in the foreseeable future. 

**Item 4. Information on theCompany 
A. History and development of the company. 

Royal Standard Minerals Inc.herein referred to as "Royal Standard" or the "Company", wasincorporated pursuant to the laws of Canada by articles of incorporation dated December10, 1986 under its former name, Ressources Minieres Platinor Inc.("Ressources"). On April 30, 1996, Royal Standard shareholders approved theacquisition of all the issued and outstanding shares of Southeastern Resources, Inc.("Southeastern") in a reverse take-over transaction. Pursuant to thistransaction, articles of amendment were filed effective May 14, 1996, pursuant to whichthe name of Royal Standard was changed to its current form of name and its shares issuedand outstanding at that time were consolidated on a 7.5:1 basis. On June 28, 1996, theCommon Shares commenced trading on the Montreal Exchange. The Company is continued underthe New Brunswick Business Corporations Act and its common shares are listed on the TSXVenture Exchange. The Company also trades in the United States Over-the-Counter BulletinBoard. 

The registered office of RoyalStandard is located at 56 Temperance Street, Fourth Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2V5 andthe principal office of Royal Standard is located at 3258 Mob Neck Road, Heathsville,Virginia 22473. 

**B. Business overview. 
Royal Standard is a mineralexploration company engaged in locating, acquiring exploring and the development of goldand precious metal deposits in the state of Nevada. Royal Standard currently has fiveadvanced and exploration-stage projects, the Manhattan Gold Wedge program in Nye County,the Pinon and Railroad projects in Elko County, the Fondaway project in Churchill Countyand the Como project in Lyon County. 

**At the present time, theCompany's activities are limited to exploratory searches for ore and energy minerals. TheCompany has not generated any revenues from operations at this time. The Company isevaluating the potential for economic extraction of known deposits of ore grade materialon the Company's mineral exploration properties. See Item # 3.D. - Risk Factors.**-  *Manhattan/Round Mountain Caldera*  The project area is located    southeast of the town of Round Mountain, Nevada east of State route 376. The town of    Manhattan is located approximately 15 miles south of Round Mountain. The Manhattan project    is located approximately 7 miles east of route 376 on route 377 and 1.5 miles west of the    town of Manhattan.   The Manhattan/Round Mountain    Caldera program is the Company's most advanced district play. The land position in the    Manhattan Mining District is comprised of 70 patented and unpatented lode-mining claims.    Drill testing the extensions of the Goldwedge deposit in addition to the evaluation of    several additional lode and placer properties that the Company controls in the district    could significantly increase the gold resource estimates.   Freeport Gold, Tenneco (Echo Bay)    recognized the potential of the district (to include the Goldwedge deposit that is    currently under control by RSM) however, these deposits were not suited for open pit    mining. At that time the large mining companies did not consider the underground    development projects feasible. Although Sunshine Mining Co. considered an underground mine    development in 1988 on the Goldwedge deposit, continued exploration by Crown Resources and    others on MMC claims indicated sections (5+'-30') of potentially mineable grades greater    than 0.5 opt gold. The continued downturn in the gold market, tightened corporate budgets    and high holding costs for the properties forced many companies to turn back the land    positions to the claim owners. Currently, MMC controls approximately 4,000 feet of strike    length. Approximately 1,000-1,200 feet of this strike length has been drill tested    indicating positive results.   This project was discontinued    during fiscal 2005 and all exploration expenditures were written off.   *Goldwedge Deposit*
The Goldwedge, one of several    deposits in the area, is considered the best known deposit in the district for development    of an underground mine. The deposit contains excellent exploration potential for future    growth. Based upon the results of 60 drill holes primarily within the central zone over a    strike length of 1,000+ feet and 100'-500' of vertical extent reveal continuous gold oxide    mineralization of potential mineable thickness and quality. RSM has analyzed all of the    drill data as part of a detailed geologic inventory of the deposit. 

The project ownership includes    staked BLM lands; options of BLM claims owned by others and patented mining claims owned    by the Company. All payments, maintenance fees, option payments and taxes to state and    federal authorities are current under state and federal guidelines. 

The Goldwedge deposit occurs at    the intersection of north and northwest trending faults. In the deposit area, the north    trending Reliance fault is mineralized within the Ordovician Zanzibar limestone and    siltstone. The target mineralization occurs within multiple high angle structures over a    width of between 100-200 feet primarily within the Zanzibar limestone. RSM has evaluated    all of the pertinent drill data as part of a detailed inventory of the deposit geometry,    size and overall grade. The current exploration model suggests that the Goldwedge deposit    and the extensions may contain large gold resources at depth near the contact with the    Manhattan Caldera margin. 
**The first potential mine    development program is the 100% owned Goldwedge deposit located within the Manhattan    Mining District. The Goldwedge deposit is located approximately 8 miles south of the large    Round Mountain gold mine. All of the mine and mill (plant) and water use permits were    achieved in early, 2003. In 2004 the Company constructed a 700 foot (underground) decline    and cross cut to test one of the gold mineralized structures within a 100+ wide structural    zone. Additionally, RSM completed the surface facilities necessary to process the material    to be mined onsite to include silt ponds, ore pad and the onsite gold processing plant.    The Company acquired a full production scale gold recovery (gravity) plant that will be    utilized to process the mined material as part of the test mining program. 

The underground bulk sampling and    decline development program will be expanded in 2006. This effort will include drifting on    one of the mineralized zones and processing this material through an onsite (gravity)    plant. The surface facilities and the gold recovery plant were completed in 2005. 

Expenses during fiscal 2005 on    the Goldwedge project were $1,176,419 bringing total RSM expenses on this project to    $2,636,862. Future expenditures are expected to be an additional $2 million over the next    two years. 

Currently Sierra Power, a    commercial electric supplier, services this site. The Company has all of the necessary    water rights secured from the State of Nevada. 

**This project is an advanced    exploration project without known reserves and the proposed program is exploratory in    nature.**
The underground program has    several objectives including a test mining program and the establishment of the    appropriate mining methods that will be applied to the future development of the property.    

The underground development as well    as surface and underground drilling will be directed toward expanding the resources on    this property as well as the completion and testing of the recovery plant design. 

***Pinon and Railroad    Projects-Carlin Trend South***

This project is located south of    the town of Carlin, Nevada in Elko County, Nevada. The project land position is located    east of Nevada state route 276 and extends for 10+ miles in a north-south direction south    of the town of Carlin. The best access to the project is via I-80 to Carlin and south on    route 276 to the property position. 

The land position includes    unpatented BLM lands, patented lands and fee lands. All payments, maintenance fees to    federal and state authorities are current. Landowner option payments are also current and    in good standing for this more than 16,000 acre land position. 

The Pinon properties are located    on the southern portion of the Carlin gold belt about 10 miles south of Newmont's Rain    mine Since its inception, various joint-venture partners have spent more than $10 MM on    the project. 

The Pinon and Railroad projects    are located on the southern portion of the Carlin Trend immediately south of Newmont's    Rain gold district. The Carlin Trend is one of the most prolific gold trends in the world    and has produced more than 50 million ounces of gold. The properties are located within a    well-mineralized region, which only adds to the potential for expanding the known gold    deposits and making new discoveries. Much of the district wide exploration was undertaken    prior to the start of the 1980's and 1990's. Since the mid-1990's the cumulative knowledge    of "Carlin-type" gold deposits has expanded tremendously. This expanded    knowledge can be used to re-interpret all of the available data, which will likely    identify new exploration targets on the ground controlled by RSM. Also, during the past    10+ years numerous high-grade gold deposits have been discovered along the Carlin Trend    that can be mined using underground techniques. Many of these deeper deposits are    associated with surface oxidized gold deposits. Essentially no deeper exploration has been    conducted under the Pinon and Railroad deposits, or at other places on the property. The    exploration opportunity offers the possibility for discovery of additional gold deposits    at Pinon-Railroad. 

The Railroad project increased    the property position within the district to approximately 16,000 acres of leases,    unpatented and patented mining claims. This effort included the acquisition of nearly 500    unpatented and 19 patented mining claims that lie immediately south of Newmont's Minings    Rain district in Elko County, Nevada. 

The Webb Formation is mineralized    above the Devils Gate limestone at both deposits. At Rain, the mineralization occurs in    and closely associated with the Rain Fault. At Pinon, the known mineralization has not    been connected to a strongly mineralized fault. However, higher-grade economic    mineralization has been encountered at very shallow depths, mineralized oxide zones occur    along a 1,300 feet strike length and occur less than 90 feet below the surface. 

The Pinon and Railroad projects    include approximately 16,000 acres comprising unpatented BLM lode mining claims, patents    and leased fee lands. The focus of RSM's current effort is to identify and develop near    surface oxide gold-silver deposits. Approximately 600 shallow drill holes have been    completed on 6 near surface deposits. The depth extensions of these deposits are not well    understood, as deeper drilling has not been sufficient to develop an acceptable    understanding of this mineralization. 

The Company has developed the    necessary construction plans for the Pinon-Railroad project including surface, heap leach    facilities design and open pit modeling of the deposits. The 2004-2005 program involved    work on the BLM permit application. All of this work has been completed in preparation for    the filing of a mining permit application with the US Bureau of Mines (BLM) by year-end    2007. A second objective is to complete feasibility studies for the Pinon and Railroad    near surface oxide deposits. 

Total exploration expenditures on    this project have exceeded $10 million and an additional $15-20 million will be required    to develop a 5,000 ton per day heap leach operation on this project. As of January 31,    2006, RSM and its partners have spent approximately $2.7 million on the Pinon and Railroad    projects. Plans include the achievement of a mining permit by mid-2007 followed project    financing. 

**The property is without known    reserves and the proposed program is exploratory in nature.**

***Fondaway Canyon    Project***

The 100% controlled Fondaway    Canyon gold project is located in Churchill County, Nevada in the Stillwater range. The    project is accessible east from Fallon, Nevada via State of Nevada route 116 an unpaved    road. The Fondaway deposit is located on the west flank of the Stillwater Range at    Fondaway Canyon. 

The Fondaway Canyon gold property    consists of 148 unpatented BLM lode mining claims (approximately 3,000 acres) located on    the western slope of the Stillwater Range. All of the maintenance filing fees are current    and in good standing. Nearly-vertical, east-west trending mineralized shear zones host the    Half Moon, Paperweight, Hamburger Hill and South Pit gold resources that is hosted within    a Mesozoic sedimentary package. The Mesozoic sedimentary package has been intruded by a    Mesozoic-Tertiary aged intrusive. 

The vertical extent tested by    recent drilling of the higher grade gold mineralized shear zones is greater than 1,000    feet. Horizontal continuation of gold mineralization as at the Paperweight and Hamburger    Hill mineralized shear zone is 3,700 feet with widths commonly between 5'-20+ feet.    Drilling and assay records indicate that 568 holes have been drilled for a total estimated    footage of 200,000 feet of RC drilling and 22,000 feet of core drilling to include 455    reverse circulation, 49 core holes and 64 air track holes. Tenneco Minerals Inc., the most    active company, drilled approximately 350 holes (130,000 feet) and drove a 500' adit for    sulfide metallurgical sampling during the period 1987-1996. Tenneco also operated a small    oxide gold open pit mine for a short time during this period. Nevada Contact Inc. (NCI)    acquired the property in 2001 and drilled 11 reverse circulation holes, RSM acquired the    property from NCI in early 2003 as part of a property swap with NCI retaining a 1% NSR    overriding royalty in the Fondaway Canyon property and $25,000 advance minimum royalty    payments to the claim holder until 2006 at which time the payments increase to $35,000 per    year that includes a 3% NSR royalty until buyout. There is a buyout option of $600,000 for    the owners' interest. 

RSM plans to further drill test    the sulfide resource as part of a program to upgrade the indicated and inferred resources    on the property. This effort will involve drilling underground within the Tenneco adit    along with a surface drilling program. A bulk sampling program for metallurgical analysis    of the sulfide resource will also be included as part of an effort to develop a gold    recovery process that will achieve the desired results. 

No field work was completed on    this project in 2004 or 2005. The only effort has been the renewal of the Company's water    rights and related permits. Plans are to commence an exploration effort in 2006 that will    include surface drilling within the vicinity of the Tenneco adit. 

Sierra Pacific Power Co exists on    the property. RSM has the current water rights to the property. 

Estimates of prior expenditures    on this property are approximately $5-6 million. The largest portion of these expenditures    was contributed by Tenneco Minerals and Tundra Mines LTD. This work included extensive    drilling, development of a small open pit production project and an advanced exploration    adit on the property. As of January 31, 2006, RSM has spent $127,652 on this project. 

**The property is without known    reserves and the proposed program is exploratory in nature. 
***Como District***

The property is located    approximately 8 miles southeast of the famous Comstock Lode and 2-3 miles southeast of the    town of Dayton, Nevada, and includes 47 unpatented lode claims and 5 patented claims. 

The Como district consists of at    least eight gold-silver bearing structures that occur within a Tertiary age andesitic    volcanic sequence that hosts the mineralization. Prospectors looking for mineralization    similar to the Comstock Lode discovered Como in 1860. The property has had some historical    gold and silver underground production with the Como vein producing about 20,000 ounces of    gold and 500,000 ounces of silver at a gold equivalent grade of nearly 0.3 opt. The    higher-grade underground vein extensions are largely undrilled and will be tested by RSM.    Over the past 20 years modern exploration methods have continued to advance the    understanding of the geologic framework and have identified two bulk mineable gold-silver    deposits that will require further work to ascertain the economic potential. Since the    1960's several large companies have explored the property to include St. Joe American,    Amoco, Meridian Gold and Amax Gold Inc. (who identified a low-grade open pit resource,    based on 46 holes.) for a large tonnage bulk mineable gold deposit. More recently (2000)    Anglo Gold Corp. explored the property for a potential multi-million ounce deposit. Anglo    released the property in 2001 after drilling 8 holes and completing considerable surface    geologic mapping, rock chip and geochemical sampling. RSM acquired its option on the Como    gold-silver project based upon the previous exploration results. 

It is difficult to estimate prior    expenditures on this property due to the large number of mining companies that have    explored this property over the last 30 years. 

No exploration work was completed    on the property in 2004 or 2005. In 2006 RSM plans to complete surface geophysical,    magnetics, and surface geochemical sampling in 2006. 

**C. Organizational structure. 
The Company has four wholly    owned subsidiaries, Southeastern Resources Inc., Pinon Exploration Corporation, Standard    Energy Inc., and Manhattan Mining Co., all United States Companies. 

**D. Property, plants and equipment. 
The registered office of    Royal Standard is located at 56 Temperance Street, Fourth Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2V5    and the principal office of Royal Standard is located at 3258 Mob Neck Road, Heathsville,    Virginia 22473. The Company also has an office at One Main Street, Manhattan, Nevada,    89022. 

**Item 5. Operating and Financial    Review and Prospects - A. Operating results. 

Royal Standard is an    exploration and pre-development stage enterprise and is in the process of exploring its    resource properties and has not determined whether the properties contain economically    recoverable reserves. The recovery of the amounts shown for the resource properties and    the related deferred expenditures is dependent upon the existence of economically    recoverable reserves, confirmation of the Company's interest in the underlying mineral    claims, the ability of the Company to obtain necessary financing to complete the    exploration, and upon future profitable production. 

Royal Standard is an    exploration-pre-development stage enterprise and, as such, currently has no producing    properties and no operating income or cash flow, other than interest earned on funds    invested in short-term deposits (see Item 3.D. - Key Information - Risk Factors). 

*Year Ended January 31, 2006    Compared to the Year Ended January 31, 2005*

The net loss for the year ending    January 31, 2006 was $1,611,057 as compared to $475,409 for the year ending January 31,    2005 a difference of $1,135,648. The majority of this difference is a result of    stock-option compensation which increased from $150,606 in 2005 to $739,006 in 2006.    During fiscal 2006 2,380,000 options were granted to employees and directors of the    company, 200,000 were exercised and 695,000 were cancelled or expired (see note 9 of the    January 31, 2006 audited financial statements for details). 

Also contributing to the    increased loss were write-offs of exploration properties totaling $367,467. During the    year the Company wrote-off $192,523 of exploration expenditures relating to the Manhattan,    Nye County project and $174,944 relating to smaller projects that the Company was    evaluating. 

General and Administrative    expenses increased from $193,287 for the year ending January 31, 2005 to $266,505 for the    year ending January 31, 2006. Consulting fees increased from $213,504 for the year ending    January 31, 2005 to $295,707 for the year ending January 31, 2006. These increases are a    direct result of increased activity on the Company's mineral projects. 

*Year Ended January 31, 2005    Compared to the Year Ended January 31, 2004*

The net loss for the year ended    January 31, 2005 was $475,409 as compared to $554,626 for the year ended January 31, 2004.    General and Administrative expenses and Consulting fees decreased by a total of $103,832.    However, Stock Option Compensation increased by $110,266 resulting in little change in    total Expenses. Expenses were $578,632 for the year ended January 31, 2005 as compared to    $565,907 for the year ended January 31 2004. The increase in Stock Option Compensation is    attributed to the granting of 775,000 stock options to employees and directors of the    Company on May 4, 2004. 

The Corporation owns 100% interest    in five (5) projects in four (4) gold-silver districts in Nevada. These projects include    the Gold Wedge, Nye County, Pinon and Railroad Projects, Elko County, Fondaway Canyon,    Churchill County and Como, Lyon County, Nevada. 

The Gold Wedge project represents    the most advanced project located in the Manhattan district about eight (8) miles south of    the Round Mountain mine and has been issued a mine and mill permit by the Nevada    Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP). In March, 2004 the Company completed a $2.2    CDN million private placement. These funds were directed toward the construction of a 700    foot (underground) decline and cross cut to test one of the gold mineralized structures    within a 100+ wide structural zone. Additionally, RSM completed the surface facilities    necessary to process the material to be mined onsite to include silt ponds, ore pad and    the onsite gold processing plant. The Company acquired a full production scale gold    recovery (gravity) plant that will be utilized to process the mined material as part of    the test mining program. 

*Year Ended January 31, 2004    Compared to the Year Ended January 31, 2003*

The net loss for the year ended    January 31, 2004 was $516,869 as compared to $416,803 for the year ended January 31, 2003.    The increase of $100,066 in net loss for the year is primarily attributable to an increase    in expenses of the Corporation for the year ended January 31, 2004. Expenses were $565,907    for the year ended January 31, 2004 as compared to $330,598 for the year ended January 31    2003. The increase of $235,309 in the expenses of the Corporation for the year ended    January 31, 2004 is attributable to, among other things, increased operating expenses on    the Corporation's properties. In order to maintain the ongoing activities on the highest    priority projects in Nevada the Corporation will contribute a minimum of $1,800,000 to    maintain progress toward the Gold Wedge development program in 2004. 

In 2004, work on the BLM permit    application for the Pinon-Railroad project continued. The Company developed the necessary    construction plans for the Pinon-Railroad project including surface, heap leach facilities    design and open pit modeling of the deposits. All of this work was completed in    preparation for the filing of a mining permit application with the US Bureau of Mines    (BLM) by year-end 2005. A second objective is to complete feasibility studies for the    Pinon/Railroad near surface oxide deposits. 

The Corporation focused its    efforts in 2003 on the Pinon and Railroad projects located on the southern portion of the    Carlin Trend in Elko County, Nevada. The current land position includes more than 16,000    acres of unpatented, patented and fee leases. The effort in 2003 focused on the four (4)    drilled out (600 drill holes) near surface measured oxide gold-silver resources. This work    included drilling, trenching, pit modeling, plant and heap leach facility design and    metallurgical (column) leach testing of the deposits. All of this work was to establish    the economic potential of an open pit heap leach project and to develop the data necessary    to complete a mine permit application to the US Bureau of Land Management (BLM).    Expenditures on this project in 2003 were about $1 million. 

The Corporation carried out a    detailed evaluation of all of the available data for the Fondaway gold and Como    gold-silver projects and NI-43-101 reports were prepared for each project in 2003. These    reports are filed on SEDAR along with the Goldwedge and Pinon-Railroad project reports. 
*Nevada Projects*
In fiscal 2003 and 2002, the    Company entered into certain option agreements to purchase up to 100% interest in patented    and unpatented lode-mining claims in Nye, Elko and Lyon Counties, Nevada. Details of the    option agreements are as follows: 

**Project**
**Required Cash         Payments to Optionors**
**Royalty(1)**
**Exercise of Option**
Gold Wedge 

Nye County 
Commencing in fiscal 2002. $5,000 each in first two years;        $10,000 in third year; $15,000 in fourth year and $20,000 in fifth and sixth years 
3% NSR 
July 2006 

$200,000 
Manhattan 

Nye County 
Commencing in fiscal 2002. $1,000 per month from August        2001 to August 2002; $2,000 per month from September 2002 to July, 2006 

**This project was discontinued        during 2005 and all exploration expenditures were written-off.**
5% NSR 
August 2006 

$500,000 
Fondaway Canyon 

Churchill County 
Commencing in fiscal 2003. $25,000 in year one, $30,000 in        years two and three and $35,000 each of the next seven years 
3% NSR 
July 2013 

$600,000 
Como 

Lyon County 
Commencing in fiscal 2003. $25,000in years one and two        covering years three and four, $20,000 in year five, $25,000 in year six 
4% NSR 
May 2008 

$1,000,000 
Railroad 

Elko County 
Commencing in fiscal 2003. $15,000 in the first year and        increases by $5,000 each of the next six years 
5% NSR 
August 2008 

$2,000,000 
1. NSR - Net Smelter Royalty 
*Gold Wedge Project*
On June 29, 2005 the Company    entered into a 5-year purchase option agreement with a private individual for all of his    patented and unpatented mining claims in the Manhattan Mining District located in Nye    County, Nevada. The land package totals approximately 1600 acres (4 patented, 700    unpatented claims). This property position adjoins the Company's Goldwedge Mine. The land    package includes a number of exploration targets which are of interest to the Company. In    addition, the Company's option includes the Dixie Comstock claim group located in    Churchill County, Nevada. The Dixie Comstock is a 1500 acre property containing an    epithermal gold system that has been explored by a number of major mining companies over    the past 20 years. It is considered to be an attractive advanced exploration project. The    Company is currently engaged in the completion of a 43-101 property report. The Company    agrees to pay $35,000 upon the execution of the Agreement. Annual option payments of    $48,000 are to be applied to a total purchase price of $600,000 - there are no royalties. 

The Company has recorded an asset    retirement obligation on its Gold Wedge Project, representing the estimated costs of the    Company's obligation to restore the Gold Wedge properties to their original condition as    required by the State of Nevada regulatory authorities. At the present time, the Company    cannot reasonably estimate the fair value of these costs. As such, the Company has    recorded an asset retirement obligation in the amount of $131,767, the amount of the    reclamation bond posted by the Company with the State of Nevada. 
*ComoProject*
On September 15, 2004, the Company    granted an option (the "Option") to Sharpe Resources Corporation    ("Sharpe") to acquire a 60% interest in the Company's gold project located in    Lyon County, Nevada (the "Project"), in consideration for which Sharpe has    issued 2,000,000 common shares to the Company at a deemed value of $78,125 ($100,000 CDN).    To exercise the option, Sharpe must maintain the unpatented and patented mining claims on    the Project, must pay all required option, annual advanced minimum royalty payments and    deliver a completed positive feasibility study in compliance with National Instrument    43-101 in respect of the Project. 
*Pinon Project - Cord Lease*
In August 2002, the Company    entered into a mining lease agreement to lease certain properties located in Elko County,    Nevada for a period of five years. The lessors will retain a 5% net smelter royalty with    no option to purchase. 
*Pinon Project - Tomera Lease*
In August 2002, the Company    entered into a mining lease agreement to lease certain properties located in Elko County,    Nevada for a period of seven years. The lessor will retain a 5% net smelter royalty. 

In addition, the Company entered    into an irrevocable lease agreement with the surface and minerals rights owners of the    Pinon Project properties. 

***Other Projects***

During the year, the Company    wrote-off $192,523 of exploration expenditures relating to the Manhattan, Nye County    project and $174,944 relating to smaller projects that the Company was evaluating.    Exploration expenditures written-off during fiscal 2006 amounted to $367,467. 

The Company signed an Exploration    and Option Agreement with Metallic Ventures ("Metallic") to explore the Mustang    Canyon Project in Esmeralda County, Nevada. The agreement gives the Company the exclusive    option to acquire 50% interest in the Mustang Canyon Project by spending $20,000 per year    in exploration expenditures with the objective to identify a measured resource by June 30,    2010. Upon identification of a measured resource and completion of a 43-101 report, the    Company will earn a 50% interest in the project. The Company may terminate the Agreement    at any time after spending the initial $20,000 by providing 30 days written notice to    Metallic. When the Company has exercised its option to acquire a 50% interest in the    project, Metallic and the Company will establish a Joint Venture in respect to the    project, on a 50/50 basis. Further expenditures on the Mustang Canyon Project will then be    made by the Joint Venture. The Company will be the operator of the joint venture as long    as it has at least a 50% interest in the joint venture. 

**B. Liquidity and capital    resources.**

*Year Ended January 31, 2006    Compared to the Year Ended January 31, 2005*

The Corporation's cash balance as    of January 31, 2006 was $795,095 compared to $392,697 at January 31, 2005. The Company    also had $436,378 (market value) in short term investments at January 31, 2006 compared to    $0 in 2005. The increases are attributable to the private placement offerings completed    during the first two quarters of 2005. 

On March 31, 2005 the Company    completed the first round of a private placement by issuing 8,750,000 units at a price of    $0.35 CDN for gross proceeds of $2,531,829 ($3,062,500 CDN). Each unit consisted of one    common share and one-half common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant will entitle    the holder to subscribe for one additional share at a price of $0.50 CDN until March 31,    2007. 

In addition, Canaccord Capital    Corporation, the agent for the offering, as partial compensation for their services,    received 82,000 common shares and 1,353,500 warrants, each warrant entitling Canaccord to    acquire one additional common share of the Company at an exercise price of $0.50 CDN until    March 31, 2007. 

A second round of the financing    was completed on April 26, 2005. 1,500,000 units were issued at a price of $0.35 CDN for    gross proceeds of $426,615 ($525,000 CDN). Each unit consists of one common share and    one-half common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant will entitle the holder to    subscribe for one additional share at a price of $0.50 CDN per share until April 26, 2007.    

Haywood Securities Inc.    ("Haywood") and Canaccord (the "Agents") acted as agents in this round    of financing. As partial compensation for their services, the Agents received 45,000    common shares and 247,500 warrants, each warrant entitling the Agents to acquire one    additional common share of the Company at an exercise price of $0.50 CDN until April 26,    2007. 

On April 29, 2005, the Company    issued 50,000 units at a price of $0.35 CDN per unit for gross proceeds of $14,296    ($17,500 CDN). Each unit consists of one common share and one-half common share purchase    warrant. Each whole warrant entitled the holder to subscribe for one additional share at a    price of $0.50 CDN per share until April 29, 2007. 

On May 5, 2005, the Company    completed the third and final round of private placements by issuing 1,831,000 units at a    price of $0.35 CDN for gross proceeds of $495,808 ($640,850 CDN). Each unit consists of    one common share and one-half common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant entitled    the holder to subscribe for one additional share at a price of $0.50 CDN per share until    May 5, 2007. 

Current assets as at January 31,    2006 were $1,445,200. Total assets as at January 31, 2006 were $6,646,480 as compared to    $3,375,464 at January 31, 2005. This represents an increase of $3,271,016 due to the    increased financing activity. Exploration properties at January 31, 2006 were $3,810,519    compared to $2,664,127 at January 31, 2005. This represents an increase of $1,146,392    resulting from continued construction at the Gold Wedge Project. 

Current liabilities as at January    31, 2006 were $221,733 compared to $104,087 at January 31, 2005, and represent current    trade payables. 

*Year Ended January 31, 2005    Compared to the Year Ended January 31, 2004*

The Corporation's cash balance as of    January 31, 2005 was $392,697 compared to $189,732 at January 31, 2004. The increase in    the cash balance is attributable to the private placement offerings completed during the    fiscal year 2004. On February 3, 2004, the Company closed a private placement offering of    1,075,000 units at a price of $0.25 CDN per unit for gross proceeds of $268,750 CDN. Each    unit consisted of one common share and one-half common share purchase warrant. Each whole    purchase warrant entitled the holder to subscribe for one additional common share at a    price of $0.30 CDN until February 2, 2005. 

On April 16, 2004, the Company    closed a private placement offering o 6,320,000 units at a price of $0.35 CDN per unit for    gross proceeds of $2,212,000 CDN. Each unit consisted of one common share and one-half    common share purchase warrant. Each whole purchase warrant entitles the holder to    subscribe for one additional common share at a price of $0.50 CDN until April 15, 2006. 

Current assets as at January 31,    2005 were $541,835. Total assets as at January 31, 2005 were $3,237,383 as compared to    $1,579,391 at January 31, 2004. This represents an increase of $1,657,992 from 2004 due to    the increased activity on the Company's projects, particularly at the Gold Wedge Project    where the Company completed construction of a 700 foot (underground) decline and cross    cut. Additionally, RSM completed the surface facilities necessary to process the material    to be mined onsite including silt ponds, ore pad and the onsite gold processing plant.    Additionally, the Company acquired a full production scale gold recovery (gravity) plant    that will be utilized to process the mined material as part of the test mining program. 

Current liabilities as at January    31, 2005 were $104,087 compared to $106,178 in 2004, and represent current trade payables.    

On a forward going basis equity and    debt financings will remain the single major source of cash flow for the Corporation. The    primary reason is that current production cash flow is insufficient to allow the    Corporation to grow at a rate to increase the necessary production capacity to achieve    profitability in the near term. As revenue from operations improve the capital requirement    of the Corporation will also improve. However, debt and equity financings will continue to    be a source of capital to expand the Corporation's activities in the future. 

The Corporation is authorized to    issue an unlimited number of Common Shares of which 43,143,518 are outstanding as at    January 31, 2005. As at January 31, 2005 the Corporation had outstanding options to    purchase 4,185,000 common shares with exercise prices from $0.17-0.40 per share and    expiration dates ranging from May 2005 to May 2009. 

*Year Ended January 31, 2004    Compared to the Year Ended January 31, 2003*

The Corporation's cash balance as    of January 31, 2004 was $189,732 compared to $283,030 at January 31, 2003. The fact that    there is little change in the cash balance is attributable to the completion of a C$1.5    million equity financing in July, 2003 coupled with large expenditures before yearend.    Current assets as at January 31, 2004 were $273,291 Total assets as at January 31, 2004    were $1,617,148 representing an increase of $404,668 from 2002 due to the addition of the    Fondaway Canyon project and additional expenditures on the Corporation's Pinon-Railroad    project. Current liabilities as at January 31, 2004 were $106,178 compared to $82,300 and    represent current trade payables as at January 31, 2003. 

On April 17, 2002, the Company    entered into an agreement with an unrelated party (the "Lender") to obtain a    $5,000,000 financing facility. The agreement stipulated that the Company deposit with the    Lender an interest earning refundable contingency fee of 1.5% of the facility ($75,000)    which will be held in trust until the loan is advanced. 

The agreement's closing date    originally set to June 31, 2002, was later extended to June 17, 2003. If this agreement    had closed on or before May 1, 2003, the Lender would have disbursed the funds to the    Company, net of closure fees of 3.5% of the facility ($175,000). In addition, the Company    was to issue 1,000,000 share purchase warrants to the Lender. Each warrant would have    entitled the Lender to acquire one common share of the Company. The price of the warrants    would have been set, based upon the 10 day moving average of the stock price prior to the    closing date and would have had a two year term from the date of closing. 

The agreement expired without the    closing of the $5,000,000 financing facility. The Company pursued legal action against the    Lender in an attempt to recover the funds advanced. On August 31, 2004, the Company    recovered $54,050. The unrecoverable amount was charged to the current years operations. 

On May 2, 2002, the Company    completed a private placement of 7 million shares of the Company at Canadian $0.15 per    share for proceeds of Canadian $1,050,000 (approximately US $650,000). 

Due to the nature of the    Company's mining business, the acquisition, exploration, and, if warranted, the    development of mining properties requires significant expenditures prior to achieving    commercial production. Royal Standard will seek to finance such expenditures through the    sale of equity, joint venture arrangements with other mining companies or the sale of    interests in its properties. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will be    successful in raising capital on acceptable terms or in amounts sufficient to finance    exploration expenditures and/or satisfy its commitments under its agreements with third    parties. In the event that the Company does not raise capital as planned, it will forfeit    its rights to the properties, including the sums expended through the dates of such    forfeitures. See Item 3.D. - Key Information - Risk Factors. 

**C. Research and development,    patents and licenses, etc. 
See Items 4.B. and 5. A. above. 

**D. Trend information. 
See Items 4.B. and 5. A. above. 

**E. Off balance sheet arrangements. 
There are none. 
**F. Tabular disclosures of contractual    obligations. 

Not applicable. 

**G. Safe harbor. 
Not applicable. 

**Item 6. Directors, Senior    Management and Employees 
A. Directors and senior management.**
The following table sets out    the names of and related information concerning each of the officers and directors of    Royal Standard. 

**NAME**
OFFICE HELD
SINCE
Roland M. Larsen         Heathsville, VA 
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director 
May, 1996 
Kimberly L. Koerner        Brambleton, VA 
Director & Treasurer 
May, 2001 
MacKenzie I. Watson         Monteral, Quebec 
Director 
May, 1996 
James C. Dunlop         Toronto, Ontario 
Director 
May, 1996 
The following discussion provides    information on the principal occupations of the above-named directors and executive    officers of the Company within the preceding five years.**

*Roland M. Larsen*

Mr. Larsen has 30 years of    experience in the natural resource industry, both in exploration and management roles.    From November 1993 to the present, he has been serving as the President of Sharpe    Resources Corporation, a junior natural resource issuer. From 1981 to 1991, Mr. Larsen    served District/Regional Exploration Manager with Inc. and BHP Minerals, Inc., both of    which are junior natural resource issuers. Earlier in his career, he worked with BHP    Minerals International Inc. for a period of ten years, where he was the Exploration    Manager of the Eastern United States and the North Atlantic Region. Prior to that he was    the Senior Geologist for NL Industries, Inc. In addition, he has several years of    experience working with consulting engineering firms including Derry, Michner and Booth,    and Watts Griffis & McOuat Limited. He is a member of the Society of Economic    Geologists, the American Association of Professional Geologists and the Society of    American Institute of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration Inc. Mr. Larsen holds a B.Sc.    and M.Sc. degrees in geology. 

*Kimberly L. Koerner*

Ms. Koerner is a Financial    Analyst and Consultant. She has been serving as the Treasurer of the Company from May 1996    to the present. Ms. Koerner has also been serving as the Secretary and Treasurer of Sharpe    Energy Company, a U.S. subsidiary of Sharpe Resources Corporation, from November, 1995 to    the present. From April 1992 to February 1994, she served as the Assistant Director of the    National Association of Printing and Publishing Technology, a trade association. Mrs.    Koerner has B.Sc. degree in Finance from the University of South Carolina. 

*MacKenzie I. Watson*

From October 1986 to the present,    Mr. Watson has been the Chief Executive Officer and a director of Freewest Resources Inc.,    a junior natural resource issuer. A geological consultant, he also serves as a director of    Sharpe and as President and a director of Consolidated Gold Hawk Resources Inc., a junior    natural resource issuer. He was involved in the discovery of the Holloway Gold deposit in    the Province of Ontario with Hemlo Gold Mines. Earlier in his career, he was President and    Exploration Manager of Lynx-Canada Exploration Ltd., which, under his leadership,    discovered numerous precious, base metals and coal deposits. Prior thereto, he was a    project geologist for the Icon Syndicate, where he participated in the discovery of the    Sullivan Mines in Chibougamau, Quebec. He is currently a director of the Prospectors and    Developers Association of Canada. Mr. Watson holds a B.Sc. from the University of New    Brunswick. 

*James C. Dunlop*

From October 1994 to the present,    Mr. Dunlop has been serving as the Managing Director of Canada Trust Investment Group    Inc., a subsidiary of Canada Trust. He also serves as a director of Sharpe. From October    1986 to October 1994, he served as the Senior Vice President of CIBC-Investment Management    Corp. Since graduating with a B.A. from University of Western Ontario in 1972, Mr. Dunlop    has worked at increasingly senior positions within the Canadian investment community.    Royal Standard benefits from Mr. Dunlop's counsel on economic and commodity matters and    from his contacts in the investment community. 

**B. Compensation. 
*Compensation of Officers*

The following table summarizes,    for the three most recently completed financial years of the Corporation, information    concerning the compensation earned by the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, the    Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation, each the Corporation's three most highly    compensated executive officers of the Corporation who was serving as an executive officer    as at the end of the most recently completed financial year or who was not serving as an    officer of the Corporation at the end of the most recently completed financial year-end,    and whose aggregate compensation exceeded $150,000 (the "Named Executive    Officer"). 
**Summary Compensation Table 

Name and         Principal Position 
Year 
Annual Compensation 
Long Term Compensation 
All Other         Compensation        (US$) 
Other         Annual         Salary Bonus Compen-         sation         (US$) 
Securities         Under         Options         Granted         (#) 
Restricted         Shares or         Restricted         Share Units (US$) 
LTIP         Payouts        (US$) 
Roland M. Larsen, President and CEO 
2006(1) 

2005(3)

2004(5) 
$96,000 Nil Nil 

Nil Nil $60,000 

Nil Nil $60,000 
1,130,000 (2)

675,000 (4)

220,000 (6)
Nil 

Nil 

Nil 
Nil 

Nil 

Nil 
Nil 

36,000 

36,000 
Notes: 

(1) For the twelve months ended    January 31, 2006.     (2) 400,000 options issued on April 13, 2005 having an exercise price of $0.39 expiring    April 13, 2010; 600,000 options issued on May 16, 2005 having an exercise price of $0.29    expiring May 16, 2010; 130,000 options issued on January 20, 2006 having an exercise price    of $0.87 expiring January 20, 2011.     (3) For the twelve months ended January 31, 2005.     (4) Options issued on May 4, 2004, having an exercise price of $0.36 and an expiry date on    May 4, 2009.     (5) For the twelve months ended January 31, 2003.     (6) Options issued on December 12, 2003, having an exercise price of $0.265 and an expiry    date on December 12, 2008.     (7) The Company does not have and did not have a Chief Financial Officer. 

***Stock Option Plan***

The Corporation maintains a    "rolling" stock option plan (the "Plan") for directors, officers,    consultants who provide ongoing services, and employees of the Corporation and its    affiliates. The purpose of the Plan is to develop the interest of bona fide Officers,    Directors, Employees, Management Corporation Employees, and Consultants of Royal Standard    Minerals Inc. and it subsidiaries in the growth and development of the Corporation by    providing them with the opportunity through stock options to acquire an increased    proprietary interest in the Corporation. The Plan is administered by the Board of    Directors of the Corporation. The Board may from time to time designate those to whom    options to purchase common shares of the Corporation may be granted, and the number of    Common Shares to be optioned to each, provided that: 
- (a) the total number of Common Shares issuable        pursuant to the Plan shall not exceed 10% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares,        subject to adjustment as set forth in section 10 of the Plan and further subject to the        applicable rues and regulations of all regulatory authorities to which the Corporation is        subject; 
- (b) the number of Common Shares reserved for        issuance, within a one-year period, to any one Optionee shall not exceed 5% of the        Outstanding Common Shares; 
- (c) the number of Common Shares reserved for        issuance, within a one-year period, to any one Consultant of the Corporation may not        exceed 2% of the Outstanding Common Shares; 
- (d) the aggregate number of Common Shares reserved        for issuance, within a one-year period, to Employees or Consultants conducting Investor        Relations Activities may not exceed 2% of the Outstanding Common Shares. 
- (e) In the case of Options granted to Employees,        Consultants, or Management Corporation Employees, the Company represents that the Optionee        is a bona fide Employee, Consultant or Management Corporation Employee, as the case may        be. 
*Compensation of Directors*
Directors who are not officers of    the corporation are not currently paid any fees for their services as directors; however,    such directors are entitled to receive compensation from the corporation to the extent    that they provide services to the corporation. Any such compensation is based on rates    that would be charged by such a director for such services to an arm's length party.    During the twelve months ended January 31, 2006, no such services were rendered and,    accordingly, no compensation was paid. 

All directors are reimbursed for    their expenses and travel incurred in connection with attending directors meetings.    Special remuneration, at per diem rates, may be paid to any director (other than executive    officers of the Corporation) undertaking special services, at the request of the    directors, any committee of the directors or the President of the Corporation, beyond    those services ordinarily required of a director of the Corporation. 

Directors who are not officers    are also entitled to participate in the Corporation's Stock Option Plan and, at the time    of joining the board, directors may be granted options to purchase Common Shares. During    the twelve months ended January 31, 2006, options were granted to acquire 739,006 common    shares of the Corporation to directors of the Corporation under the Corporation's Stock    Option Plan. 
***Other Compensation    Matters*
There were no long-term incentive    awards made to the executive officers of the Corporation during the twelve months ended    January 31, 2006. There are no pension plan benefits in place for the Named Executive    Officer. In addition, there are no plans in place with respect to the Named Executive    Officer for termination of employment or change in responsibilities. 
*****Compensation    Policy***

The executive compensation policy    of the Corporation is determined with a view to securing the best possible talent to run    the Corporation. Executives expect to reap additional income from the appreciation in the    value of the Common Shares they hold in the Corporation, including stock options. 

Salaries are commensurate with    those in the industry with additional options awarded to executive officers in lieu of    higher salaries. Bonuses may be paid in the future for significant and specific    achievements, which have a strategic impact on the fortunes of the Corporation. Salaries    and bonuses are determined on a judgmental basis after review by the board of directors of    the contribution of each individual, including the executive officers of the Corporation.    Although they may be members of the board of directors, the executive officers do not    individually make any decisions with respect to their respective salary or bonus. In    certain cases, bonuses of certain individuals, other than the executive officers, may be    tied to specific criteria put in place at the time of engagement. 

The grant of stock options under    the Corporation's Stock Option Plan is designed to give each option holder an interest in    preserving and maximizing shareholder value in the longer term and to reward employees for    both past and future performance. Individual grants are determined by an assessment of an    individual's current and expected future performance, level of responsibilities and the    importance of his/her position with and contribution to the Corporation. 
**C. Board practices. 

In April 2003 the Company    implemented new corporate governance policies pursuant to which the Company has begun to    implement new, improved corporate governance practices. 
***Responsibilities of the    Board of Directors*

The Board recognizes it is    responsible for the stewardship of the business and affairs of the Company and has adopted    a set of principles and practices setting out its stewardship responsibilities. Under its    mandate, the Board seeks to discharge such responsibility by reviewing, discussing and    approving the Company's strategic planning and organizational structure, and supervising    management to ensure that the foregoing enhance and preserve the underlying value of the    Company for the benefit of all shareholders. As part of the strategic planning process,    the Board contributes to the development of a strategic direction for the Company by    reviewing, on an annual basis, the Company's principal opportunities, the processes that    are in place to identify such opportunities and the full range of business risks facing    the Company, including strategic, financial, operational, leadership, partnership and    reputation risks. On an ongoing basis, the Board also reviews with management how the    strategic environment is changing, what key business risks and opportunities are appearing    and how they are managed, including the implementation of appropriate systems to manage    these risks and opportunities. The performance of management, including the Company's    Chief Executive Officer, is also supervised to ensure that the affairs of the Company are    conducted in an ethical manner. The Board, directly and through its committees, ensures    that the Company puts in place, and reviews at least on an annual basis, comprehensive    communication policies to address how the Company (i) interacts with analysts, investors,    other key stakeholders and the public, and (ii) complies with its continuous and timely    disclosure obligations and avoids selective. Finally, the Board monitors the integrity of    corporate internal control procedures and management information systems to manage such    risks and ensure that the value of the underlying asset base is not eroded. 

The Board from time to time    delegates to senior executives the authority to enter into certain types of transactions,    including financial transactions, subject to specified limits. According to the Company's    policy, investments and other similar expenditures above the specified limits, including    major capital projects as well as material transactions outside the ordinary course of    business, whether on or off balance sheet, are reviewed by, and subject to, the prior    approval of the Board. 

Following are the principles of    the Company's corporate governance arrangements: 
- Subject to the relatively small size of the        Company and to business needs, the size of the Board must be kept to a sufficiently low        number to facilitate open and effective dialogue and full participation and contribution        of each Director. 
- The Board must function as a cohesive team, with        shared responsibilities and accountabilities that are clearly defined, understood and        respected. 
- The Board must have the ability to exercise all        its supervisory responsibilities independent of any influence by management. 
- The Board must have access to all the information        needed to carry out its full responsibilities. Information must be available in a timely        manner and in a format conducive to effective decision making. 
- The Board must develop, implement, and measure        effective corporate governance practices, processes and procedures. 
***Committees of the Board***
There are currently two    committees of the board of directors. The board does not have, nor does it currently    intend to form, a nominating committee. It is the view of the board of directors that its    current size (four) is small enough to make such additional committees counter productive.    In addition to regularly scheduled meetings of the board, its members are in continuous    contact with one another and with the members of senior management. If the size of the    board were to be enlarged or if the Company were to undergo a substantial change in its    business and operations, consideration would at that point be given to the formation of    additional committees, including a nominating committee. The mandate and activities of    each of the Company's committees are as follows: 
*Audit Committee*
The Audit Committee shall be    composed of three members or such greater number as the board of directors may from time    to time determine. A majority of the members of the Audit Committee shall be resident    Canadians and unrelated to the Corporation and all members of the Audit Committee shall be    non-management directors. Members shall be appointed annually from among the members of    the board of directors. The Chair of the Audit Committee shall be appointed by the board    of directors. All members of the Audit Committee shall be financially literate. An Audit    Committee member who is not financially literate may be appointed to the Audit Committee    provided that the member becomes financially literate within a reasonable period of time.    The following persons have been initially appointed to the Audit Committee, with the Chair    to be as designated: 

James C. Dunlop (Chair)     Roland M. Larsen     Mackenzie I. Watson 

The Audit Committee's primary duties    and responsibilities are to: 

a) Identify and monitor the    management of the principal risks that could impact the financial reporting of the    Corporation; 

b) Monitor the integrity of the    Corporation's financial reporting process and system of internal controls regarding    financial reporting and accounting compliance; 

c) Monitor the independence and    performance of the Corporation's external auditors; 

d) Provide an avenue of    communication among the external auditors, management and the Board of Directors. 

The Audit Committee has the    authority to conduct any investigation appropriate to fulfilling its responsibilities, and    it has direct access to the external auditors as well as anyone in the organization. The    Audit Committee has the ability to retain, at the Corporation's expense, special legal,    accounting, or other consultants or experts it deems necessary in the performance of its    duties. 

The Audit Committee shall, in    addition to any other duties and responsibilities specifically assigned or delegated to it    from time to time by the board of directors: 

a) Meet with the independent    external auditors (the "auditors") and the senior management of the Corporation    to review the year-end audited financial statements of the Corporation which require    approval by the board of directors, prior to the issuance of any press release in respect    thereof; 

b) Review with senior management    and, if necessary, the auditors, the interim financial statements of the Corporation prior    to the issuance of any press release in respect thereof; 

c) Review the MD&A and press    releases containing financial results of the Corporation; 

d) Review all prospectuses, material    change reports and annual information forms; 

e) Review the audit plans and the    independence of the auditors; 

f) Meet with the auditors    independently of management; 

g) In consultation with senior    management, review annually and recommend for approval by the board of directors: 

    (i) the    appointment of auditors at the annual general meeting of shareholders of the Corporation; 

    (ii) the    remuneration of the auditors; and 

    (iii) pre-approve    all non audit services to be provided to the Corporation by the external auditor; 

h) review with the auditors: 

    (i) the scope of    the audit; 

    (ii) significant    changes in the Corporation's accounting principles, practices or policies; and 

    (iii) new    developments in accounting principles, reporting matters or industry practices which may             materially affect the financial    statements of the Corporation; 

i) review with the auditors and    senior management the results of the annual audit, and make appropriate recommendations to    the board of directors, having regard to, among other things: 

    (i) the financial    statements; 

    (ii) management's    discussion and analysis and related financial disclosure contained in continuous    disclosure documents; 

    (iii) significant    changes, if any, to the initial audit plan; 

    (iv) accounting    and reporting decisions relating to significant current year events and transactions; 

    (v) the audit    findings report and management letter, if any, outlining the auditors' findings and    recommendations, together with management's response, with respect to internal controls    and accounting procedures; and 

    (vi) any other    matters relating to the conduct of the audit, including the review and opportunity to    provide comments in respect of any press releases announcing year end financial results    prior to issue and such other matters which should be communicated to the Audit Committee    under generally accepted auditing standards; 

j) Review with the auditors the    adequacy of management's internal control procedures and management information systems    and inquiring of management and the auditors about significant risks and exposures to the    Corporation that may have a material adverse impact on the Corporation's financial    statements, and inquiring of the auditors as to the efforts of management to mitigate such    risks and exposures; 

k) Monitor policies and procedures    for reviewing directors' and officers' expenses and perquisites, and inquire about the    results of such reviews; 

l) Review and approve written risk    management policies and guidelines including the effectiveness of the overall process for    identifying the principal risks affecting financial reporting; 

m) Review issues relating to legal,    ethical and regulatory responsibilities to monitor management's efforts to ensure    compliance Including any legal matters that could have a significant impact on the    Corporation's financial statements, the Corporation's compliance with applicable laws and    regulations and inquiries received from regulators of governmental agencies; and, 

n) Establish procedures for: 

    a. the receipt,    retention and treatment of complaints received by the issuer regarding accounting,    internal accounting controls, or auditing matters; and 

    b. the    confidential, anonymous submission by employees of the issuer of concerns regarding    questionable accounting or auditing matters. 

*Corporate Governance Committee*

The Corporate Governance    Committee is responsible for the development, maintenance, and disclosure of the Company's    corporate governance practices. The mandate of the committee includes: 
- developing criteria governing the size and overall        composition of the Board; 
- conducting an annual review of the structure of        the Board and its committees, as well as of the mandates of such committees; 
- recommending new nominees for the Board (in        consultation with the Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer); and 
- recommending the compensation of directors        ensuring that the Company's policy on disclosure and insider trading, including        communication to the different stakeholders about the Company and its subsidiaries,        documents filed with securities regulators, written statements made in documents        pertaining to the Company's continuous disclosure obligations, information contained on        the Company's Web site and other electronic communications, relationships with investors,        the media and analysts is timely, factual and accurate, and broadly disseminated in        accordance with all applicable legal and regulatory requirements. 

The committee also coordinates    the annual evaluation of the Board, the committees of the Board and individual directors.    All issues identified through this evaluation process are then discussed by the Corporate    Governance Committee and are reported to the Board. Finally, it also has the    responsibility for annually initiating a discussion at the Board level on the performance    evaluation and remuneration of the President and Chief Executive Officer. 

***Conflicts of Interest***

Some of the directors and    officers of Royal Standard also serve as directors and officers of other companies    involved in the resource exploration sector. Consequently, there exists a possibility for    any such officer or director to be placed in a position of conflict. Each such director or    officer is subject to fiduciary duties and obligations to act honestly and in good faith    with a view to the best interests of the Company. Similar duties and obligations will    apply to such other companies. Thus any future transaction between the Company and such    other companies will be for bona fide business purposes and approved by a majority of    disinterested directors of the Company. 
**D. Employees.**
In addition to the officers    and directors, the company has thirteen full time employees, and one part-time secretary. 
**E. Share ownership.**
**Name**
**Office Held**
**Number of Common Shares Beneficially Owned or Over Which        Control is Exercised1**
Roland M. Larsen 
President, CEO & Director 
661,487 
Mackenzie I. Watson 
Director 
153,500 
James C. Dunlop 
Director 
Nil 
Kimberly L. Koerner 
Director 
Nil 
1. The information as to shares    beneficially owned or over which control or direction is exercised not being within the    knowledge of the corporation has been furnished by the respective individuals. 

**Item 7. Major Shareholders and    Related Party Transactions**
**A. Major Shareholders 
As of May 1, 2006, to the    knowledge of the directors and officers of the Company, no person beneficially owned,    directly or indirectly, or exercised control or direction over, 10% or more of the    Company's outstanding common shares, except the following: 

**Name of Shareholder**
**Number of Common Shares Owned**
**Percentage of Common Shares Outstanding (1)**
CDS & Co.****(2)        Toronto, Ontario 
53,029,115 
69.2% 
Notes: 

(1) Based on 76,616,338 Common    Shares issued and outstanding as at the date hereof. 

(2) This is a nominee account. To    the knowledge of the Company, there is no beneficial ownership of these shares by this    nominee. The shares are held by a number of securities dealers and other intermediaries    holding shares on behalf of their clients who are the beneficial owners.****
**B. Related party    transactions. 
No director, senior officer,    principal holder of securities or any associate or affiliate thereof of Royal Standard or    the Company has any material interest, direct or indirect, in any transaction since the    commencement of the Corporation's last completed financial year or in any proposed    transaction which, in either case, has or will materially affect the Corporation, except    as disclosed in the financial statements included herein. 

**C. Interests of experts and    counsel. 
Not Applicable. 
**Item 8. Financial Information**
**A. Consolidated Statements and Other    Financial Information 
Following is a list of    financial statements filed as part of the annual report under Item #17 
- Auditor's Report for Royal Standard Minerals Inc.        for the year ended January 31, 2006, 2005, 2004 
- Consolidated Balance Sheets of Royal Standard        Minerals Inc. as at January 31, 2006 and 2005 
- Consolidated Statements of Operations and Deficit        of Royal Standard Minerals Inc. for the years ended January 31, 2006, 2005, 2004 
- Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows of Royal        Standard Minerals Inc. for the years ended January 31, 2006, 2005, 2004 
- Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of        Royal Standard Minerals Inc. 

The consolidated financial    statements of Royal Standard Minerals Inc. were prepared in accordance with generally    accepted accounting principles in Canada and are expressed in United States dollars. For a    discussion of the reconciliation of such financial statements to United States generally    accepted accounting principles, see note #16 of the notes to the consolidated financial    statements of Royal Standard Minerals Inc. 
**B. Significant Changes.**
In January 2005, the Canadian    Institute of Chartered Accountants issued four new accounting standards: Handbook Section    1530, Comprehensive Income, Handbook Section 3251, Equity, Handbook Section 3855,    Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement and Handbook Section 3865, Hedges.    These standards are effective for interim and annual consolidated financial statements for    the Company's reporting periods beginning November 1, 2006. 

On April 27, 2006, the Company    completed a private placement of 12,975,967 units of the Company at $1.15 CDN per unit    raising gross proceeds of $13,286,762 ($14,922,362 CDN). Each unit consists of one common    share of the Company and one-half of one common share purchase warrant. Each whole common    share purchase warrant is exercisable at $1.75 CDN into one common share of the Company    until April 26, 2008. The fair value of the common share purchase warrants was estimated,    on the date of closing, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, with the following    assumptions: dividend yield 0%, expected volatility of 638%, risk-free interest rate of    4.13% and an expected life of 24 months. The value assigned to the warrants is $6,643,382    ($7,461,182 CDN). 

On May 2, 2006 the Company    granted 3,140,000 common share stock options to certain directors and a consultant. The    options are exercisable at $1.44 CDN for a period of 5 years. The fair value of the    options was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, with the following    assumptions: dividend yield 0%, expected volatility of 859%, risk-free interest rate of    4.36% and an expected life of 5 years. The value assigned to the options is $4,086,399    ($4,521,600 CDN). 
**Item 9. The Offer and Listing**
**A. Offer and listing details.**

The only share capital of Royal    Standard is its Common Shares. The Common Shares of Royal Standard are without nominal or    par value. Each Common Share ranks equally with all other Common Shares with respect to    dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of Royal Standard and payment of dividends. The    holders of Common Shares are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all    matters to be voted on by such holders and are entitled to receive pro rata such dividends    as may be declared by the board of directors of Royal Standard out of funds legally    available therefore and to receive pro rata the remaining property of Royal Standard on    dissolution. The holders of Common Shares have no pre-emptive or conversion rights. The    rights attaching to the Common Shares can only be modified by the affirmative vote of at    least two-thirds of the votes cast at a meeting of shareholders called for that purpose. 

The following table sets forth    the reported high and low sales prices (stated in Canadian currency) and the average daily    trading volume of the outstanding Common Shares on the Montreal Exchange for the periods    January 1998 through September 2001 and the TSX Venture Exchange for the periods October    2001 through June 2004. 

**High**
**Low**
**Average Daily Volume**
January 1, 1998 
to 
March 31, 1998 
$0.80 
$0.27 
10,533 
April 1, 1998 
to 
June 30, 1998 
$0.45 
$0.15 
14,033 
July 1, 1998 
to 
September 30, 1998 
$0.40 
$0.10 
23,100 
October 1, 1998 
to 
December 31, 1998 
$0.20 
$0.05 
22,200 
January 1, 1999 
to 
March 31, 1999 
$0.25 
$0.10 
32,900 
April 1, 1999 
to 
June 30, 1999 
$0.13 
$0.05 
14,666 
July 1, 1999 
to 
September 30, 1999 
$0.19 
$0.05 
43,833 
October 1, 1999 
to 
December 31, 1999 
$0.12 
$0.03 
21,133 
January 1, 2000 
to 
March 31, 2000 
$0.17 
$0.03 
42,933 
April 1, 2000 
to 
June 30, 2000 
$0.39 
$0.13 
57,033 
July 1, 2000 
to 
September 30, 2000 
$0.28 
$0.11 
10,467 
October 1, 2000 
to 
December 31, 2000 
$0.27 
$0.11 
25,867 
January 1, 2001 
to 
March 31, 2001 
$0.30 
$0.11 
11,500 
April 1, 2001 
to 
June 30, 2001 
$0.18 
$0.06 
7,789 
July 1, 2001 
to 
September 30, 2001 
$0.13 
$0.06 
7,667 
October 1, 2001 
to 
December 31, 2001 
$0.09 
$0.04 
9,750 
January 1, 2002 
to 
March 31, 2002 
$0.34 
$0.07 
52,546 
April 1, 2002 
to 
June 30, 2002 
$0.48 
$0.20 
76,899 
July 1, 2002 
to 
September 30, 2002 
$0.35 
$0.17 
51,437 
October 1, 2002 
to 
December 31, 2002 
$0.36 
$0.20 
31,354 
January 1, 2003 
to 
March 31, 2003 
$0.00 
$0.00 
0 
April 1, 2003 
to 
June 30, 2003 
$0.40 
$0.21 
13,728 
July 1, 2003 
to 
September 30, 2003 
$0.40 
$0.20 
151,583 
October 1, 2003 
to 
December 31, 2003 
$0.47 
$0.25 
53,416 
January 1, 2004 
to 
March 31, 2004 
$0.46 
$0.25 
78,814 
April 1, 2004 
to 
June, 30, 2004 
$0.46 
$0.30 
79,530 
July 1, 2004 
to 
September 30, 2004 
$0.42 
$0.29 
21,137 
October 1, 2004 
to 
December 31, 2004 
$0.47 
$0.26 
90,704 
January 1, 2005 
to 
March 31, 2005 
$0.45 
$0.26 
37,522 
April 1, 2005 
to 
June 30, 2005 
$0.43 
$0.28 
25,394 
July 1, 2005 
to 
September 30, 2005 
$0.75 
$0.33 
259,892 
October 1, 2005 
to 
December 31, 2005 
$1.00 
$0.61 
257,685 
January 1, 2006 
to 
March 31, 2006 
$1.45 
$0.83 
258,527 
April 1, 2006 
to 
June 30, 2006 
$1.65 
$0.93 
321,319 
**B. Plan of Distribution**

Not Applicable 

**C. Markets 
The Common Shares have been    listed for trading on the TSX Venture Exchange (formerly the CDNX) since October 2001    under the trading symbol "RSM". The common shares were traded on the Montreal    Exchange from June 28, 1996 until October 2001. Prior to such date, there was no    established trading market for the Common Shares and no quotations or prices are available    because of the sporadic and very limited trading that took place. 

The common shares are also listed    on the US-OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol "RYSMF". 

**D. Selling shareholders. 
Not Applicable 

**E. Dilution. 
Not Applicable 
**F. Expenses of the issue. 

Not Applicable 
**Item 10. Additional Information**
**A. Share capital. 
Not applicable 

**B. Memorandum and articles of association. 
These documents were filed with    the registration statement in November 1996. 

**C. Material contracts. 
There are no material contracts.    
**D. Exchange controls. 

There is no law, governmental    decree or regulation in Canada that restricts the export or import of capital, including    foreign exchange controls, or that affects the remittance of dividends, interest or other    payments to non-resident holders of Common Shares, other than withholding tax requirements    and potential capital gain on the disposition of the Common Shares under certain    circumstances. (See Item 10. E. - Taxation.) 

There is no limitation imposed by    Canadian law or by the Articles or other charter documents of the Company on the right of    a non-resident to hold or vote Common Shares, other than as provided by the Investment    Canada Act (Canada) as amended, including as amended by the World Trade Organization    Implementation Act (Canada). The following summarizes the principal features of the    Investment Canada Act for non-Canadians who propose to acquire Common Shares. 

The Investment Canada Act (the    "Act") enacted on June 20, 1985, as amended, including as amended by the World    Trade Organization Implementation Act (Canada), requires notification and, in certain    cases, advance review and approval by the Government of Canada of the acquisition by a    "non-Canadian" of "control" of a "Canadian business," all as    defined in the Act. "Non-Canadian" generally means an individual who is not a    Canadian citizen or permanent resident, or a Corporation, partnership, trust or joint    venture that is ultimately controlled by non-Canadians. For purposes of the Act,    "control" can be acquired through the acquisition of all or substantially all of    the assets used in the Canadian business, or the direct or indirect acquisition of voting    interests or shares in an entity that carries on a Canadian business or which controls the    entity which carries on the Canadian business whether or not the controlling entity is    Canadian. Under the Act, control of a Corporation is deemed to be acquired through the    acquisition of a majority of the voting shares of a Corporation, and is presumed to be    acquired where at least one-third, but less than a majority, of the voting shares of a    Corporation or of an equivalent undivided ownership interest in the voting shares of a    Corporation are acquired unless it can be established that the Corporation is not    controlled in fact through the ownership of voting shares. Other rules apply with respect    to the acquisition of non-corporate entities. 

All investments to acquire    control of a Canadian business are notifiable, unless they are reviewable. Investments    requiring review and approval include: (i) a direct acquisition of control of a Canadian    business with assets with a value of Cdn. $5,000,000 or more; (ii) an indirect acquisition    of control of a Canadian business where the value of the assets of the Canadian business    and of all other Canadian entities the control of which is acquired directly or indirectly    is Cdn. $50,000,000 or more; and (iii) an indirect acquisition of control of a Canadian    business and of all other Canadian entities the control of which is acquired directly or    indirectly is Cdn. $5,000,000 or more and represents greater than 50% of the total value    of the assets of all of the entities, control of which is being acquired. Subject to    certain exceptions, where an investment is made by a "WTO Investor" (generally,    nationals or permanent residents of World Trade Organization member states, or entities    controlled by residents or nationals of WTO member states) or the Canadian business is    controlled by a WTO Investor, the monetary thresholds discussed above are higher. In these    circumstances the monetary threshold with regard to direct acquisitions is Cdn.    $160,000,000 in constant 1995 dollars as determined in accordance with the Act. Indirect    acquisitions of Canadian businesses by or from WTO Investors are not subject to review.    The United States is a WTO member state. 

Special rules apply with respect    to investments by non-Canadians (including WTO Investors) to acquire control of Canadian    businesses that engage in certain specified activities, including financial services,    transportation services and activities relating to Canada's cultural heritage or national    identity. 

If an investment is reviewable,    an application for review in the form prescribed by regulation is normally required to be    filed with the Investment Review Division of Industry Canada prior to the investment    taking place and the investment may not be normally implemented until the review has been    completed and ministerial approval obtained. 

The Investment Review Division    will submit the application for review to the Minister of Industry (Canada), together with    any other information or written undertakings given by the acquirer and any    representations submitted to the division by a province that is likely to be significantly    affected by the investment. The Minister will then determine whether the investment is    likely to be of "net benefit to Canada," taking into account the information    provided and having regard to certain factors of assessment prescribed under the Act.    Among the factors considered are: (i) the effect of the investment on the nature and level    of economic activity in Canada, including the effect on employment, on resource    processing, on the utilization of parts, components and services produced in Canada, and    on exports from Canada; (ii) the degree and significance of participation by Canadians in    the Canadian business and in any industry in Canada of which it forms a part; (iii) the    effect of the investment on productivity, industrial efficiency, technological    development, product innovation and product variety in Canada; (iv) the effect of the    investment on competition within any industry or industries in Canada; (v) the    compatibility of the investment with national industrial, economic and cultural objectives    enunciated by the government or legislature of any province likely to be significantly    affected by the investment; and (vi) the contribution of the investment to Canada's    ability to compete in world markets. 

Within 45 days after completed    application for review has been received, the Minister must notify the investor that (a)    he is satisfied that the investment is likely to be of "net benefit to Canada,"    or (b) he is unable to complete his review in which case he shall have 30 additional days    to complete his review (unless the investor agrees to a longer period) or (c) he is not    satisfied that the investment is likely to be of "net benefit to Canada." If the    Minister is unable to complete his review and no decision has been taken within the    prescribed or agreed upon time, the Minister is deemed to be satisfied that the investment    is likely to be of "net benefit to Canada." 

Where the Minister has advised    the investor that he is not satisfied that the investment is likely to be of "net    benefit to Canada," the acquirer has the right to make representations and submit    undertakings within 30 days of the date of notice (or any further period that is agreed    upon between the investor and the Minister). On the expiration of the 30-day period (or an    agreed extension), the Minister must notify the investor whether or not he is satisfied    that the investment is likely to be of "net benefit to Canada." In the latter    case, the investor may not proceed with the investment, or if the investment has already    been implemented, must divest itself of control of the Canadian business. 

No securities of the Company are    subject to escrow. 

Pursuant to an escrow agreement    dated June 17, 1996, (the "Escrow Agreement"), among the Company, Montreal Trust    Company (the "Trustee"), and Sharpe, as the escrowed shareholder, an aggregate    of 5,061,615 Common Shares of the Company are held by the Trustee in escrow. The Escrow    Agreement was entered into as a condition of the Montreal Exchange approving the listing    of the Company's Common Shares on the Montreal Exchange. The first 250,000 Common Shares    are released in accordance with the provisions of Section 5 of General Policy Q-4 of the    Quebec Securities Commission, and the balance are released upon a mineral property being    placed in commercial production. The escrow agreement expired on November 30, 2001 and as    a result the Quebec Securities Commission canceled all of the escrow shares granted under    the June 17, 1996 agreement. 
**E. Taxation 

The following is a summary of    certain Canadian federal income tax provisions applicable to United States corporations,    citizens and resident alien individuals purchasing Common Shares. The discussion is only a    general summary and does not purport to deal with all aspects of Canadian federal taxation    that may be relevant to shareholders, including those subject to special treatment under    the income tax laws. Shareholders are advised to consult their own tax advisors regarding    the Canadian federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of the Company's    Common Shares, as well as any consequences arising under US federal, state or local tax    laws or tax laws of other jurisdictions outside the United States. The summary is based on    the assumption that, for Canadian tax purposes, the purchasers or shareholders (i) deal at    arm's-length with the Company, (ii) are not residents of Canada, (iii) hold the Common    Shares as capital property and (iv) do not use or hold Common Shares in, or in the course    of, carrying on business in Canada (a "Non-Resident Holder"). 

Dividends paid to US residents by    the Company on the Common Shares generally will be subject to Canadian non-resident    withholding taxes. For this purpose, dividends will include amounts paid by the Company in    excess of the paid-up capital of the Common Shares on redemption or a purchase for    cancellation of such shares by the Company (other than purchases on the open market). For    US corporations owning at least 10% of the voting stock of the Company, the dividends paid    by the Company are subject to a withholding tax rate of 6% in 1996 and 5% thereafter under    the Canada-U.S. Income Tax Convention (1980), as amended by the Protocol signed on March    17, 1995 (the "Treaty"). For all other US shareholders, the Treaty reduces the    withholding tax rate from 25% to 15% of the gross dividend. Other applicable tax treaties    may reduce the Canadian tax rate for other Non-Resident Holders. 

A Non-Resident Holder will    generally not be subject to tax in Canada on capital gains realized from disposition of    Common Shares, unless such shares are "taxable Canadian property" within the    meaning of the Income Tax Act (Canada). Generally, the Common Shares would not be taxable    Canadian property unless the Non-Resident Holder, together with related parties, at any    time during the five years prior to the disposition of the Common Shares owned not less    than 25% of the issued shares of any class of the capital stock of the Company. Under the    Treaty, a resident of the United States will not be subject to tax under the Income Tax    Act (Canada) in respect of gains realized on the sale of Common Shares which constitute    "taxable Canadian property", provided that the value of the Common Shares at the    time of disposition is not derived principally from real property located in Canada. 
**F. Dividends and paying agents. 

Not applicable. 

**G. Statement by experts 
Not applicable. 

**H. Documents on display. 
Company documents can be    reviewed at 3258 Mob Neck Road, Heathsville, VA 22473 or One Main Street, Manhattan,    Nevada, 89022. You can also obtain copies by writing to either of these addresses. 

**I. Subsidiary Information 
Not applicable. 
**Item 11. Quantitative and    Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.**
At January 31, 2006, the    Company's financial instruments consisted of cash and cash equivalents, common shares of    Sharpe Resources, receivables and payables and accruals. The Company estimates that the    fair value of its other financial assets and liabilities approximates the carrying values    due to their short-term nature. 

It is management's opinion that the    Company is not exposed to significant interest, currency or credit risks arising from    these financial instruments. 
**Item 12. Description of    Securities Other than Equity Securities. 
Not applicable. 

**PART II****Item 13. Defaults, Dividend    Arrearages and Delinquencies. 
There have been none. 
**Item 14. Material Modifications    to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds. 
There have been none. 

**Item 15. Controls and Procedures**
As of the end of the period    covered by this report and based on their evaluation the Company's principal executive    officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure    controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and    internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and    15d-15(f)) were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the    Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed,    summarized and reported within the time period specified in Securities and Exchange    Commission rules and forms. There were no significant changes in the Company's internal    controls or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to    the date of their evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant    deficiencies and material weaknesses. 
**Item 16. [Reserved]**
**Item 16A. Audit Committee    Financial Expert. 
The board of directors has    determined that Directors and Audit Committee Members, Mr. James Dunlop and Ms. Kimberly    Larsen have the necessary attributes for designation as the audit committee's financial    expert and have designated them as the financial experts. 
**Item 16B. Code of Ethics. 

The company has adopted a Code    of Ethics that applies to its Directors and Executive Officers. The Code of Ethics can be    viewed at 3258 Mob Neck Road, Heathsville, Virginia 22473. It can also be obtained,    without charge, by writing to this address. 

**Item 16C. Principal Accountant    Fees and Services. 
Year Ending January 31, 
2006 
2005 
2004 
Audit Fees 
$35,500 
$23,500 
$23,500 
Audit Related Fees 
$0 
$0 
$0 
Tax Fees 
$2,500 
$1,500 
$1,500 
All Other Fees 
$568 
$0 
$0 ***Policies and Procedures*

The Audit Committee, in consultation    with senior management, reviews annually and recommends for approval by the board of    directors; 
- the appointment of independent auditors at the        annual general meeting of shareholders of the Corporation; 
- the remuneration of the auditors; and 
- pre-approval of all non-audit services to be        provided to the Corporation by the external auditor. 

Since the commencement of the    Corporation's most recently completed financial year, every recommendation of the Audit    Committee to nominate or compensate an external auditor was adopted by the Board of    Directors. 
**Item 16D. Exemptions from the    Listing Standards for Audit Committees.**
The Company is relying on the    exemption in section 6.1 in Multilateral Instrument 52-110 "Audit Committees". 

**Item 16E. Purchases of Equity    Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers. 
Not applicable. 

**PART III****Item 17. Financial    Statements.**
Following is a list of    financial statements filed as part of the annual report. 
- Auditor's Report for Royal Standard Minerals Inc.        for the year ended January 31, 2006, 2005, and 2004 
- Consolidated Balance Sheets of Royal Standard        Minerals Inc. as at January 31, 2006 and 2005 
- Consolidated Statements of Operations and Deficit        of Royal Standard Minerals Inc. for the years ended January 31, 2006, 2005 2004 
- Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows of Royal        Standard Minerals Inc. for the years ended January 31, 2006, 2005, 2004 
- Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of        Royal Standard Minerals Inc. 

The consolidated financial    statements of Royal Standard Minerals Inc. were prepared in accordance with generally    accepted accounting principles in Canada and are expressed in United States dollars. For a    discussion of the reconciliation of such financial statements to United States generally    accepted accounting principles, see note #16 of the notes to the consolidated financial    statements of Royal Standard Minerals Inc. 

**Auditors' Report**
To the Shareholders of 

Royal Standard Minerals Inc. 

We have audited the consolidated    balance sheets of Royal Standard Minerals Inc. as at Monday, January 31, 2005 and 2004 and    the consolidated statements of exploration properties, operations and deficit and cash    flows for each of the years then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility    of the company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these    financial statements based on our audits. 

We conducted our audits in    accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in Canada and the standards issued    by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board "United States". Those    standards require that we plan and perform an audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether    the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining on    a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.    An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates    made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. 

In our opinion, these    consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial    position of the company as at Monday, January 31, 2005 and 2004 and the results of its    operations and its cash flows for each of the****years then ended in accordance with    Canadian generally accepted accounting principles. 

The consolidated statements of    exploration properties, operations and deficit and cash flows for the year ended January    31, 2003 were audited by other auditors who expressed an opinion without reservation on    the financial statements in their report dated April 17, 2003. 

                                                             "McCarney Greenwood LLP"     Toronto, Canada                                        McCarney Greenwood LLP                                                                   Chartered Accountants 

Comments by Auditors on United    States of America-Canada Reporting Difference 

United States of America    reporting standards require the addition of an explanatory paragraph when the financial    statements are affected by conditions and events that cast doubt on the company's ability    to continue as a going concern, such as those described in note 1 to the financial    statements. Although we conducted our audits in accordance with both United States of    America and Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, our report to the shareholders    dated March 29, 2005 is expressed in accordance with Canadian reporting standards which do    not permit a reference to such conditions and events in the auditor's report when these    are adequately disclosed in the financial statements. 

                                                             "McCarney Greenwood LLP"     Toronto, Canada                                        McCarney Greenwood LLP                                                                   Chartered Accountants 

** **	Royal Standard Minerals Inc.	(continued under the New Brunswick Corporation Act)
	(Expressed in United States dollars)	Consolidated Financial Statements
	January 31, 2006 and 2005
April 25, 2006, except for Note 15, which is as of May 2, 2006
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders of Royal Standard Minerals Inc.
We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of Royal Standard Minerals Inc. asat January 31, 2006 and 2005 and the consolidated statements of exploration properties, operations and deficit and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended January 31, 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform an audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as at January 31, 2006 and 2005 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended January 31, 2006 in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles.
					"McCarney Greenwood LLP"
Toronto, Canada				McCarney Greenwood LLP					Chartered Accountants
Comments by Auditors on United States of America-Canada Reporting Difference
In the United States, reporting standards for auditors require the addition of anexplanatory paragraph (following the opinion paragraph) when the financial statements are affected by conditions and events that cast doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, such as those described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements. Our report to the shareholders dated April 25, 2006, except for Note 15, which is as of May 2, 2006, is expressed in accordance with Canadian reporting standards which do not require a reference to such conditions and events in the auditor's report when these are adequately disclosed in the financial statements.
					"McCarney Greenwood LLP"
Toronto, Canada				McCarney Greenwood LLP					Chartered Accountants
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
							January 31,							2006		2005AssetsCurrent assets     Cash and cash equivalents	       	       		 $795,095    $392,697     Short term investments (market value $436,378)	  436,378	-     Marketable securities (Note 4)		           86,124      86,124     Receivables 		  			    1,261	  777     Due from related parties (Note 13)			  126,342      62,237			 				1,445,200     541,835	
Reclamation bond (Note 5)				  131,767     131,767Exploration properties (Note 6)				3,810,519   2,664,127Equipment (Note 7)					1,258,994      37,735	 					       $6,646,480  $3,375,464
LiabilitiesCurrent liabilities     Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		 $221,733    $104,087	
Asset retirement obligation (Note 6)			  131,767     131,767						          353,500     235,854
Shareholders' EquityShare capital (Note 8)				       11,832,670   8,779,261Shares to be issued (Note 8)				  119,325	   -Warrants (Note 8)					1,440,009     584,796Contributed surplus (Note 9)				2,364,866   1,628,386Deficit 		 			       (9,463,890) (7,852,833) 			 				6,292,980   3,139,610			 	 		       $6,646,480  $3,375,464	
____________________________________________________________________________________
Approved by the Board  "Roland M. Larsen" Director  "Kimberly L. Koerner" Director
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Consolidated Statements of Exploration Properties
				Opening	Additions			Closing				Balance	(Reductions)	Written off	Balance
Year ended January 31, 2006Gold Wedge Project		$1,460,443  $1,176,419	$       -  	$2,636,862Manhattan Project		   191,065       1,458	 (192,523)		-Como Project			    86,330	21,720		-	   108,050Railroad Project		   175,670     	    -		-	   175,670Pinon Project			   600,538     161,747		-	   762,285Fondaway Project		    96,028	31,624	 	-  	   127,652Other				    54,053     120,891	 (174,944)		-				$2,664,127  $1,513,859  $(367,467)	$3,810,519	
Year ended January 31, 2005Gold Wedge Project		  $264,119  $1,196,324	$	-	$1,460,443Manhattan Project		   172,031	19,034		-	   191,065Como Project			   126,124	(5,397)	  (34,397)	    86,330Railroad Project		   122,732	52,938		- 	   175,670Pinon Project		  	   511,043	89,495		-	   600,538Fondaway Project		    43,999	52,029		-	    96,028Other				    13,396	40,657		-	    54,053				$1,253,444  $1,445,080	 $(34,397)	$2,664,127
Year ended January 31, 2004Gold Wedge Project		  $181,069	83,050	$	-	  $264,119Manhattan Project		   136,556	35,475		-	   172,031Ruby Ridge Project		    27,447	10,310	  (37,757)		-Como Project			    52,132	73,992		-	   126,124Railroad Project		    70,983	51,749		-	   122,732Pinon Project			   299,456     211,587		-	   511,043Fondaway Project			-	43,999		-	    43,999Other				    13,396	    -		-	    13,396				  $781,039    $510,162	 $(37,757)	$1,253,444
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Deficit
							January 31,					    2006	2005	    2004
ExpensesGeneral and administrative (Note 13)	    $266,505   $193,287   $269,520Consulting fees				     295,707	213,504	   241,103Stock option compensation (Note 9)	     739,006	150,606	    40,340Amortization				     191,877 	 14,921	    14,944					   1,493,095	572,318	   565,907	
Loss before the following		  (1,493,095)  (572,318)  (565,907)	
Write-off of exploration properties 	    (367,467)	(34,397)   (37,757)Foreign exchange gain			     249,505	131,306	    49,038	
Net loss before income taxes		  (1,611,057)  (475,409)  (554,626)	
Income taxes (Note 11)				-	   -		-	
Net loss				 $(1,611,057) $(475,409) $(554,626)	
Loss per common share (Note 10)
	Basic				      $(0.03)	 $(0.01)    $(0.02)	
	Diluted				      $(0.03) 	 $(0.01)    $(0.02)
Deficit, at beginning of year		 $(7,852,833) $(7,377,424) $(6,822,798)	
Net loss				  (1,611,057) 	 (475,409)    (554,626)	
Deficit, at end of year			 $(9,463,890) $(7,852,833) $(7,377,424)
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			
				  			Year ended January 31,						   2006		2005	   2004Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash flows from operating activitiesNet loss					$(1,611,057)  $(475,409)  $(554,626)Operating items not involving cash:	Amortization			    	    191,877      14,921      14,944	Stock option compensation	    	    739,006     150,606	     40,340	Write-off of bad debt				-        20,950	       -	Write-off of exploration properties 	    367,467      34,397	     37,757Changes in non-cash working capital:	Receivables			       	       (484)       (218)     11,164	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities    117,646	 (2,091)     23,878Cash flows (used in) operating activities	   (195,545)   (325,638)   (502,057)	
Cash flows from financing activitiesIssue of common shares, net of issue costs  	  4,025,421   2,065,648	    857,319Due from related parties			    (64,105)    (62,237)       -Cash flows from financing activities		  3,961,316   2,003,411	    857,319	
Cash flows from investing activitiesFunds held in trust (Note 3)				-	 54,050		-Short-term investments				  (436,378)	     -		-Payment of reclamation bond				-      (131,767)	-Exploration properties				(1,513,859)  (1,397,091)   (434,647)Purchase of equipment				(1,413,136)  	     -	    (13,913)Cash flows (used in) investing activities	(3,363,373)  (1,474,808)   (448,560)	
Cash and cash equivalentsNet increase (decrease)				   402,398	202,965	    (93,298)Beginning of year	 			   392,697	189,732	    283,030End of year					  $795,095     $392,697    $189,732____________________________________________________________________________________
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash and cash equivalents consists of:	Cash					 $186,828     $392,697     $189,732	Term deposits				  608,267	   -	        -						 $795,095     $392,697	   $189,732	
Interest paid					$     -	      $	   -	   $    -	
Income taxes paid				$     -	      $	   -	   $    -	
Non-cash financing and investing activity:	Issue of common shares for exploration		properties			$     -	      $	   -	   $	-
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
1.	The company and operations
Royal Standard Minerals Inc. (the "Company") is a publicly held company, engaged in the acquisition, exploration and development of gold and silver resource properties. The Company is continued under the New Brunswick Business Corporations Act and its common shares are listed on the TSX Venture Exchange and traded on the OTC Bulletin Board.
The business of mining and exploring for minerals involves a high degree of risk and there can be no assurance that current exploration programs will result in profitable mining operations. The recoverability of the carrying value of exploration properties and the Company's continued existence is dependent upon the preservation of its interest in the underlying properties, the discovery of economically recoverable reserves, the achievement of profitable operations, or the ability of the Company to raise alternative financing, if necessary, or alternatively upon the Company's ability to dispose of its interests on an advantageous basis. Changes in future conditions could require material write downs of the carrying values.
These financial statements have been prepared on the basis of accounting principles applicable to a going concern, which assumes that the Company will continue in operation for the foreseeable future and will be able to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of operations. These financial statements do not include adjustments to the amounts and classification of assets and liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue in business.
2.	Significant accounting policies
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Canada.
A summary of the differences between accounting principles generally accepted in Canada ("Canadian GAAP") and those generally accepted in the United States ("US GAAP") which affect the Company is contained in Note 16.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The significant accounting policies are as follows:
(a)  Principles of consolidation
These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Southeastern Resources Inc., Pinon Exploration Corporation, Standard Energy Inc., and Manhattan Mining Co., all United States companies.
(b)  Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and term deposits at Canadian and United States financial institutions with a maturity of three months or less.
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
2.	The company and operations (continued)
(c)  Equipment
Equipment is recorded at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is provided using the declining balance method using the following rates:
		Exploration equipment 	- 25%		Office equipment	- 20%		Vehicle	   		- 30%
Equipment is assessed for future recoverability or impairment on an annual basis by estimating future net undiscounted cash flows and residual value or by estimating replacement values. When the carrying amount of equipment exceeds the estimated net recoverable amount, the asset is written down to fair value with a charge to income in the period that such determination is made.
(d)  Exploration properties
All direct costs associated with exploration properties are capitalized as incurred. If a property proceeds to development, these costs become part of preproduction and development cost of the mine. If a property is abandoned or continued exploration is not deemed appropriate in the foreseeable future, the related costs and expenditures are written off.
The amounts capitalized at any time represent costs to be charged against future operations and do not necessarily reflect the present or future values of particular properties.
(e)  Asset retirement obligation
The Company measures the expected costs required to retire its exploration properties at a fair value which approximates the cost a third party would incur in performing the tasks necessary to abandon the field and restore the site.The fair value is recognized in the financial statements at the present value of expected future cash outflows to satisfy the obligation.
Asset retirement costs are depleted using the unit of production method based on estimated reserves and are included with depletion and depreciation expense. The accretion of the liability for the asset retirement obligation is recognized in the statement of operations and deficit.
(f)  Stock-based compensation plans
The CICA Handbook Section 3870 require that compensation for option awards to employees be recognized in the financial statements at fair value for options granted in fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2004. The Company, as permitted by CICA Handbook Section 3870, has adopted this section prospectively for new option awards granted on or after February 1, 2003.
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
2.	The company and operations (continued)
(g)  Income taxes
Income taxes are calculated using the asset and liability method of tax accounting. Under this method, current income taxes are recognized for the estimated income taxes payable for the current period. Future income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and on unclaimed losses carried forward and are measured using the substantially enacted tax rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse or losses are expected to be utilized. A valuation allowance is recognized to the extent that the recovery of future income tax assets is not considered more likely than not.
(h)  Earnings (loss) per common share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing the earnings (loss) for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, including contingently issuable shares which are included when the conditions necessary for issuance have been met. Diluted earnings per share is calculated in a similar manner, except that the weighted average number of common shares outstanding is increased to include potentially issuable common shares from the assumed exercise of common share purchase options and warrants, if dilutive. The number of additional shares included in the calculation is based on the treasury stock method for options and warrants.
(i)  Foreign currency translation
The Company uses the United States Dollar as its reporting currency, as the majority of its transactions are denominated in this currency and the operations of its subsidiaries are considered to be of an integrated nature.
Monetary assets and liabilities of the parent company denominated in Canadian funds are translated into United States funds at period end rates of exchange. Other assets and liabilities and share capital  of the parent company are translated at historical rates. Revenues and expenses of the parent company are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. Gains and losses on foreign exchange are recorded in operations in the current period.
(j)  Marketable securities
Marketable securities are carried at the lower of cost and market. 
(k)  Short-term investments
Short-term investments are liquid investments with a maturity greater than three months but less than one year.
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
3.	Funds held in trust
On April 17, 2002, the Company entered into an agreement with an unrelated party (the "Lender") to obtain a $5,000,000 financing facility. The agreement stipulated that the Company deposit with the Lender an interest earning refundable contingency fee of 1.5% of the facility ($75,000) which will be held in trust until the loan is advanced.
The agreement's closing date originally set to June 31, 2002, was later extended to June 17, 2003. If this agreement had closed on or before May 1, 2003, the Lender would have disbursed the funds to the Company, net of closure fees of 3.5% of the facility ($175,000). In addition, the Company was to issue 1,000,000 share purchase warrants to the Lender. Each warrant would have entitled the Lender to acquire one common share of the Company. The price of the warrants would have been set, based upon the 10 day moving average of the stock price prior to the closing date and would have had a two year term from the date of closing.  
The agreement expired without the closing of the $5,000,000 financing facility.  The Company pursued legal action against the Lender in an attempt to recover the funds advanced. On August 31, 2004, the Company recovered $54,050. The unrecoverable amount was charged to 2005 operations.
4.	Marketable securities
Marketable securities consist of common shares of Sharpe Resources Corporation ("Sharpe"), a publicly held Canadian company engaged in the exploration for precious metals in the United States. Sharpe Resources is considered to be related to the Company because of common management. The market value of the shares at January 31, 2006 was $226,538 (2005 - $96,684, 2004 - did not own the shares).
The shares are carried at the lower of cost and quoted market values. 
5.	Reclamation bond
The Company has posted a reclamation bond for its Goldwedge Project, as required by the State of Nevada, to secure clean-up costs if the project is abandoned or closed.
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
6.	Exploration properties
	Nevada Projects
In fiscal 2003 and 2002, the Company entered into certain option agreements to purchase up to 100% interest in patented and unpatented lode mining claims in Nye, Elko and Lyon Counties, Nevada. Details of the option agreements are as follows:
Project		Required Cash Payments to Optionor	Royalty (1) Exercise of 									Option
Gold Wedge	Commencing in fiscal 2002, $5,000 each	  3% NSR  July 2006-$200,000Nye County	in first two years; $10,000 in third year,		$15,000 in the fourth year and		$20,000 each in the fifth and sixth years.
Manhattan	Commencing in fiscal 2002, $1,000 per	  5% NSR August2006-$500,000Nye County	month from August 2001 to August 2002:		$2,000 per month from		September 2002 to July 2006.
		This project was discontinued during the year		all exploration expenditures were written-off.
Fondaway 	Commencing in fiscal 2003, $25,000 in	  3% NSR  July 2013-$600,000Canyon		year one, $30,000 in years two and threeChurchill 	and $35,000 each of the next seven years.County				
Como		Commencing in fiscal 2003, $25,000 in	  4% NSR May 2008-$1,000,000Lyon		years one and two covering years threeCounty		and four, $20,000 in year five $25,000		in year six.
Railroad	Commencing in fiscal 2003, $15,000 in	 5%NSR August2008-$2,000,000Elko County	the first year and increases by $5,000		each of the next six years.
(1) NSR - Net Smelter Royalty
Gold Wedge ProjectOn June 29, 2005 the Company entered into a 5-year purchase option agreement with a private individual for all of his patented and unpatented mining claims in the Manhattan Mining District located in Nye County, Nevada. The land package totals approximately 1600 acres (4 patented, 700 unpatented claims). This property position adjoins the Company's Goldwedge Mine. The land package includes a number of exploration targets which are of interest to the Company. In addition, the Company's option includes the Dixie Comstock claim group located in Churchill County, Nevada. The Dixie Comstock is a 1500 acre property containing an epithermal gold system that has been explored by a number of major mining companies over the past 20 years. It is considered to be an attractive advanced exploration project. The Company is currently engaged in the completion of a 43-101 property report. The Company agrees to pay $35,000 upon the execution of the Agreement. Annual option payments of $48,000 are to be applied to a total purchase price of $600,000 – there are no royalties.
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
6.	Exploration properties (continued)
The Company has recorded an asset retirement obligation on its Gold Wedge Project, representing the estimated costs of the Company's obligation to restore the Gold Wedge properties to their original condition as required by the State of Nevada regulatory authorities. At the present time, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the fair value of these costs. As such, the Company has recorded an asset retirement obligation in the amount of $131,767, the amount of the reclamation bond posted by the Company with the State of Nevada.
Como ProjectOn September 15, 2004, the Company granted an option (the "Option") to Sharpe to acquire a 60% interest in the Company's gold project located in Lyon County, Nevada  (the "Project"), in consideration for which Sharpe has issued 2,000,000 common shares to the Company at a deemed value of $78,125 ($100,000 CDN). To exercise the option, Sharpe must maintain the unpatented and patented mining claims on the Project, must pay all required option, annual advanced minimum royalty payments and deliver a completed positive feasibility study in compliance with National Instrument 43-101 in respect of the Project. 
Pinon Project - Cord LeaseIn August 2002, the Company entered into a mining lease agreement to lease certain properties located in Elko County, Nevada for a period of five years. The lessors will retain a 5% net smelter royalty with no option to purchase.
Pinon Project - Tomera LeaseIn August 2002, the Company entered into a mining lease agreement to lease certain properties located in Elko County, Nevada for a period of seven years. The lessors will retain a 5% net smelter royalty.
In addition, the Company entered into an irrevocable lease agreement with the surface and minerals rights owners of the Pinon Project properties.
During the year, the Company wrote-off $192,523 of exploration expenditures relating to the Manhattan, Nye County project and $174,944 relating to smaller projects that the Company was evaluating. Exploration expenditures written-off during fiscal 2006 amounted to $367,467.
Other Projects
(a)  The Company signed an Exploration and Option Agreement with Metallic Ventures ("Metallic") to explore the Mustang Canyon Project in Esmeralda County, Nevada.
The agreement gives the Company the exclusive option to acquire 50% interest in the Mustang Canyon Project by spending $20,000 per year in exploration expenditures with the objective to identify a measured resource by June 30, 2010. Upon identification of a measured resource and completion of a 43-101 report, the Company will earn a 50% interest in the project.
The Company may terminate the Agreement at any time after spending the initial $20,000 by providing 30 days written notice to Metallic.  When the Company has exercised its option to acquire a 50% interest in the project,  Metallic and the Company will establish a Joint Venture in respect to the project, on a 50/50 basis.   Further expenditures on the Mustang Canyon Project will then be made by the Joint Venture. The Company will be the operator of the joint venture as long as it has at least a 50% interest in the joint venture.
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
7.	Equipment					   2006		2005	    2004	Cost	Exploration equipment		$1,475,201	$62,065	   $62,065	Office equipment		    16,936 	 16,936	    16,936					 1,492,137       79,001     79,001	Accumulated amortization        Exploration equipment		   220,669	 34,537	    22,321	Office equipment		    12,474	  6,729	     4,024					   233,143	 41,266	    26,345	Net carrying value	Exploration equipment		 1,254,532       27,528	    39,744	Office equipment		     4,462	 10,207	    12,912				                                                                 				$1,258,994    	$37,735	   $52,656
8.	Share capital
AuthorizedThe authorized capital of the Company consists of an unlimited number of common shares without par value.
Common shares issued					Shares		Amount	
Outstanding at January 31, 2003				28,141,338	$6,527,565Shares issued for cash, less issue costs of $266,372     6,000,000	   845,292Warrants valuation					        -	  (151,276)Outstanding at January 31, 2004				34,141,338       7,221,581	
Shares issued for cash, less issue costs of $360,964     7,395,000	 1,486,784Shares issued to broker as compensation			   349,680	    91,117Shares issued on warrant exercise			 1,257,500	   318,352Warrant valuation					        -	  (428,918)Warrant call						        -	    90,345Outstanding at January 31, 2005				43,143,518       8,779,261	
Shares issued for cash, less issue costs of $295,750    12,131,000	 3,117,705Shares issued to brokers as compensation		   127,000	    35,553Shares issued on the exercise of warrants   and compensation options		                 2,221,060	   692,984Warrant and compensation option exercise - valuation		-	   255,491Exercise of stock options				   200,000          64,824Exercise of stock options - valuation				-           19,433Warrant valuation						-	(1,132,581)Outstanding at January 31, 2006			        57,822,578     $11,832,670	
On February 3, 2004, the Company closed a private placement offering of 1,075,000 units at a price of CDN $0.25 per unit for gross proceeds of $268,750 CDN. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half common share purchase warrant. Each whole purchase warrant entitles the holder to subscribe for one additional common share at a price of CDN $0.30 until February 2, 2005.
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
8.	Share capital (continued)
On April 16, 2004, the Company closed a private placement offering of 6,320,000 units at a price of CDN $0.35 per unit for gross proceeds of $2,212,000 CDN. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half common share purchase warrant. Each whole purchase warrant entitles the holder to subscribe for one additional common share at a price of CDN $0.50 until April 15, 2006.
Canaccord Capital Corporation ("Canaccord") acted as agent and was paid the following fees regarding the April 16, 2004 private placement: an Agent's fee consisting of an 8% commission (paid in cash and in Agent's units) and Agent's warrants; a Corporate Finance fee of 100,000 Corporate Finance units; and an Administration fee of $7,500 CDN. The Agent's fee included a commission of 8% of the proceeds of the private placement and was paid with $89,572 CDN in cash and with the issuance of 249,680 Agent's units. Each Agent's unit consists of one common share and one-half Agent's common share purchase warrant. Each whole Agent's warrant entitles the holder to subscribe for one common share at a price of $0.50 per Agent warrant for a period of 24 months. The Agent's fee also included Agent's warrants equal to 20% of the number of units issued on the private placement, such Agent's warrants totaling 1,264,000 Agent's warrants. Each whole Agent's warrant entitles the holder to subscribe for one common share at a price of $0.50 per Agent warrant for a period of 24 months. The Corporate Finance fee was paid by the issuance of 100,000 Corporate Finance units, each unit consisting of one common share and one-half Corporate Finance Warrant. Each whole Corporate Finance warrant entitles the holder to subscribe for one common share at a price of $0.50 per Corporate Finance warrant for a period of 24 months.
The fair value of the common share purchase warrants and agent's warrants issued in fiscal 2005 were estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model based on the following assumptions:
	(i)	Warrants issued on private placement		Dividend yield 0%, expected volatility 55%, risk - free interest rate 4.5% and an expected life of 12 months. Value assigned to 537,500 warrants is $34,379.	(ii)	Warrants issued on private placement		Dividend yield 0%, expected volatility 55%, risk - free interest rate 4.5% and an expected life of 24 months. Value assigned to 3,160,000 warrants is $374,270.	(iii)	Agent's warrants		Dividend yield 0%, expected volatility 55%, risk - free interest rate 4.5% and an expected life of 24 months. Value assigned to 1,438,840 compensation warrants is $170,416.
On February 17, 2004, articles of amendment were filed to authorize the issuance of an unlimited number of special shares without par value.
During fiscal 2004, the Company completed a private placement financing of CDN $1,500,000 with Octagon Capital Corporation. The terms of the financing included the issuance of 6,000,000 units of the Company at a price of CDN $0.25 per unit for gross proceeds of CDN $1,500,000. Each unit consists of one common share and one half common share purchase warrant. Each warrant entitles the holder to acquire one additional share at a price of CDN $0.30 per share for a period of 24 months from the date of closing. The warrants are non-callable by the Company during the first 12 months from the closing date. During the second 12 months, the warrants may be called at the discretion of the Company if the average closing price for the shares on the TSX.V for any consecutive twenty day trading period is greater than or equal to CDN $0.375. In such circumstances, the Company may exercise its call in respect of the warrants by paying holders of the warrants CDN $0.0001 per warrant. An additional 600,000 warrants with an exercise price of $0.30 per share for a period of 24 months were granted to the broker. On July 18,2004 the Company announced a warrant call with respect to outstanding warrants at CDN $0.0001 per warrant. 2,150,000 warrants were cancelled as a result of the warrant call.
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
8.	Share capital (continued)
During the 2004 fiscal year $151,276 was recorded as warrants and charged against share capital. For purposes of the 3,600,000 warrants granted in 2004, the fair value of each warrant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, with the following assumptions: dividend yield of 0%, expected volatility of 55%, risk-free interest rate of 4.5% and an expected life of 24 months.
On March 31, 2005, the Company completed the first round of a private placement by issuing 8,750,000 units at a price of $0.35 CDN for gross proceeds of $2,531,829 ($3,062,500 CDN).  Each unit consists of one common share and one-half common share purchase warrant ("warrant"). Each whole warrant will entitle the holder to subscribe for one additional share at a price of $0.50 CDN per share until March 31, 2007.
Canaccord Capital Corporation ("Canaccord"), the agent acting for the offering, as partial compensation for their services, received 82,000 common shares and 1,353,500 warrants, each warrant entitling Canaccord to acquire one additional common share of the Company at an exercise price of $0.50 CDN until March 31, 2007. 
A second round of the financing was completed on April 26, 2005. 1,500,000 units were issued at a price of $0.35 CDN for gross proceeds of $426,615 ($525,000 CDN). Each unit consists of one common share and one-half common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant will entitle the holder to subscribe for one additional share at a price of $0.50 CDN per share until April 26, 2007.
Haywood Securities Inc. ("Haywood") and Canaccord (the "Agents") acted as agents in this round of financing. As partial compensation for their services, the Agents received 45,000 common shares and 247,500 warrants, each warrant entitled the Agents to acquire one additional common share of the Company at an exercise price of $0.50 CDN until April 26, 2007.
On April 29, 2005, the Company issued 50,000 units at a price of $0.35 CDN per unit for gross proceeds of $14,296 ($17,500 CDN). Each unit consists of one common share and one-half common share purchase warrant.  Each whole warrant entitled the holder to subscribe for one additional share at a price of $0.50 CDN per share until April 29, 2007.
On May 5, 2005, the Company completed the third and final round of private placements by issuing 1,831,000 units at a price of $0.35 CDN for gross proceeds of $495,808 ($640,850 CDN). Each unit consists of one common share and one-half common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant entitled the holder to subscribe for one additional share at a price of $0.50 CDN per share until May 5, 2007.  
The fair value of the common share purchase warrants and agent warrants were estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model  based on the following assumptions:
	(i)	Warrants issued on private placement - 8,750,000 units		Dividend yield 0%, expected volatility 109%, risk - free interest rate 3.22% and an expected life of 24 months. Value assigned to 4,375,000 warrants is $625,723.	(ii)	Warrants issued on private placement - 1,500,000 units		Dividend yield 0%, expected volatility 109%, risk - free interest rate 3.06% and an expected life of 24 months. Value assigned to 750,000 warrants is $104,183.	(iii)	Warrants issued on private placement - 50,000 units		Dividend yield 0%, expected volatility 109%, risk - free interest rate 3.06% and an expected life of 24 months. Value assigned to 25,000 warrants is $3,436.
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
8.	Share capital (continued)	(iv)	Warrants issued on private placement - 1,831,000 units		Dividend yield 0%, expected volatility 150%, risk - free interest rate 3.02% and an expected life of 24 months. Value assigned to 915,500 warrants is $171,279.	(v)	Agent warrants - 8,750,000 units		Dividend yield 0%, expected volatility 109%, risk - free interest rate 3.22% and an expected life of 24 months. Value assigned to 1,353,500 agent warrants is $193,580.	(vi)	Agent warrants - 1,500,000 units		Dividend yield 0%, expected volatility 109%, risk - free interest rate 3.06% and an expected life of 24 months. Value assigned to 247,500 agent warrants is $34,380.
Warrants
The following table reflects the fair value of share purchase warrants and broker's warrants currently outstanding:
	Expiry		Price ($) CDN	Number		Value ($)
April 15, 2006		0.50		3,551,780	420,672March 31, 2007		0.50		5,383,500	769,960April 26, 2007		0.50		  638,500	 88,694April 29, 2007		0.50		   25,000	  3,436May 5, 2007		0.50		  840,500	157,247	
				       10,439,280     1,440,009
Shares to be issued
As at January 31, 2006, the Company received $119,325 for the exercise of 238,650 warrants and agents warrants at a price of $0.50 CDN. These shares were issued by February 28, 2006.
9.	Common share options
Under the Company's stock option plan (the "Option Plan"), the directors of the Company can grant options to acquire common shares of the Company to directors, employees and others who provide ongoing services to  the Company. Exercise prices cannot be less than the closing price of the Company's shares on the trading day preceding the date and the maximum term of any option cannot exceed ten years.
The number of common shares under option at any time under the Option Plan or otherwise cannot exceed 5% of the then outstanding common shares of the Company for any optionee. In addition, options granted to insiders of the Company cannot exceed more than 10% of the then outstanding common shares of the Company. The options vest when granted.
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
9.	Common share options (continued)
The following table reflects the continuity of stock options:
					Number of	          Weighted Average					Stock Options             Exercise Price				   2006		2005	  2004	  2006	 2005	2004
Outstanding at beginning of year 4,185,000  3,410,000  3,090,000 $0.28  $0.26 $0.18Granted during year		 2,380,000    775,000  	 320,000  0.49   0.36  0.265Exercised during year		  (200,000)	  -	     -	  0.38	   -	  -Cancelled or expired during year  (695,000)	  -	     -	  0.24	   -	  -Outstanding at end of year	 5,670,000  4,185,000  3,410,000  0.33   0.28  0.26	
Exercise prices are in Canadian dollars.
The following table reflects the stock options outstanding and exercisable as at January 31, 2006:
					Weighted					average		Options					remaining	outstanding		Exercise price		contractual	and  	      Black-ScholesExpiry date	     CDN ($)		life		exercisable   Value ($)
May 25, 2006		0.17		0.32 years	880,000	      $     -April 25, 2007		0.26		1.23		960,000		    -May 13, 2007		0.40		1.28		555,000		    -December 12, 2008	0.265		2.86		220,000		40,340May 4, 2009		0.36		3.26		675,000	       127,386April 13, 2010		0.39		4.20	      1,000,000	       297,528May 16, 2010		0.29		4.29	      1,080,000	       232,098January 20, 2011	0.87		4.97		300,000	       209,380	
			0.33		2.70	      5,670,000	      $906,732
On May 4, 2004, 775,000 stock options were granted to employees and directors of the Company. These stock options were fully vested on the date of grant and the fair value was charged to the statements of operations and deficit. The fair value of the stock options was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Accordingly, $110,438 was recorded as stock option compensation and contributed surplus. The following assumptions were made in estimating the fair value of the stock options: dividend yield, 0%; risk-free interest rate, 4.5%; estimated life, 5 years and volatility, 55%.
On April 13, 2005, 1,000,000 stock options were granted to employees and directors of the Company. These stock options were fully vested on the date of grant and the fair value was charged to the statements of operations and deficit. The fair value of the stock options was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Accordingly, $297,528 was recorded as stock option compensation and contributed surplus. The following assumptions were made in estimating the fair value of the stock options: dividend yield, 0%; risk-free interest rate, 3.70%; estimated life, 5 years and volatility, 166.65%.
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
9.	Common share options (continued)
On May 16, 2005, 1,080,000 stock options were granted to employees and directors of the Company. These stock options were fully vested on the date of grant and the fair value was charged to the statements of operations and deficit. The fair value of the stock options was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Accordingly, $232,098 was recorded as stock option compensation and contributed surplus. The following assumptions were made in estimating the fair value of the stock options: dividend yield, 0%; risk-free interest rate, 3.56%; estimated life, 5 years and volatility, 166.63%.
On January 20, 2006, 300,000 stock options were granted to directors of the Company. These stock options were fully vested on the date of grant and the fair value was charged to the statements of operations and deficit. The fair value of the stock options was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Accordingly, $209,380 was recorded as stock option compensation and contributed surplus. The following assumptions were made in estimating the fair value of the stock options: dividend yield, 0%; risk-free interest rate, 3.89%; estimated life, 5 years and volatility, 155.46%.
The following table reflects the continuity of contributed surplus:
						Amount
Balance, January 31, 2003		$	1,425,413Options granted					   52,367	
Balance, January 31, 2004			1,477,780Options granted					  150,606	
Balance, January 31, 2005			1,628,386Expired warrants				   16,907Options granted			                  739,006Options exercised			          (19,433)	
Balance, January 31, 2006		$	2,364,866
10.	Per share amounts
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per share:
					   2006	 	   2005	         2004
Numerator:   Loss for the year			$(1,611,057)   $(475,409)	$(554,626)   Numerator for basic and diluted     loss per share             	 (1,611,057)   $(475,409)	$(554,626)	
Denominator:   Average number of common     share outstanding			 53,907,094   41,090,912       31,330,379   Denominator for basic and diluted     loss per share		         53,907,094   41,090,912       31,330,379	
Basic and diluted loss per share	$  (0.03)	$(0.01)		$(0.02)
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
10.	Per share amounts (continued)
The stock options and common share purchase warrants were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share on January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.
11.	Income taxes
The following table reconciles the expected income tax expense (recovery) at the Canadian statutory income tax rate to the amounts recognized in the consolidated statements of operations:
						2006	     2005	  2004Net loss before income taxes reflected   in consolidated statements of operation  $(1,611,057)   $(475,409)   $(554,626)
Expected income tax (recovery)		       (581,914)    (174,095)    (203,104)Write-off of exploration properties		132,729       12,596       13,827Deductible share issue costs                    (81,049)     (40,612)          -Stock option compensation expense		266,929       54,399       40,340Amortization		                         69,306        5,464        5,472Unrealized foreign exchange (gain)		(90,121)     (48,084)     (17,958)Taxable benefits not recognized		        284,120      190,332      161,423Income tax (recovery) expense	            $        -	   $	  -	$      -	
The following table reflects future tax assets at January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:					       2006         2005	2004
Unclaimed non-capital losses		      $1,161,069    $957,000	$917,954Unclaimed capital losses		          16,421      15,184      14,353Excess of undepreciated capital cost allowance   over carrying value of capital assets	 118,216      20,712	  13,191Excess of unclaimed resource pools over   carrying value of exploration properties	 834,748     453,543     435,400Unclaimed share issue costs			 261,945     116,362	 114,848	
					       2,392,399   1,562,801   1,495,746Valuation allowance			      (2,392,399) (1,562,801) (1,495,746)	
					      $	      -	  $	-	$     -
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
11.	Income taxes (continued)
At January 31, 2006, the Company had unclaimed Canadian and foreign resource pools of $5,899,000 unclaimed share issue costs of $725,200 and unclaimed non-capital losses carried forward of $3,214,600 non-capital losses will expire as follows:
		2007			$	219,900		2008				215,900		2009				293,000		2010				566,400		2011				618,300		2015				552,600		2016				748,500					$     3,214,600	
At January 31, 2006 the Company's United States subsidiaries had unclaimed resource pools of $2,395,000 and unclaimed non-capital losses carried forward of $1,665,000. None of these losses expire in the next two years.
12.	Financial instruments
At January 31, 2006 the Company's financial instruments consisted of cash and cash equivalents, common shares of Sharpe, receivables and payables and accruals. The Company estimates that the fair value of these financial assets and liabilities approximates their carrying values due to their short term nature.	
Common shares of Sharpe's fair value is disclosed in Note 4.
It is management's opinion that the Company is not exposed to significant interest, currency or credit risks arising from these financial instruments.
13.	Related party transactions
						2006	   2005	     2004Due from (to) related parties:  The President and Director of the Company	$18,049   $11,095   $9,953  Sharpe 		                        108,293	   51,142  (17,506)					       $126,342	  $62,237  $(7,553)	
Sharpe is related to the Company because of common management. This advance is non-interest bearing and have no set terms of repayment.
14.	Comparative figures
Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform with the current year's presentation.
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
15.	Subsequent events
		(a)	On April 27, 2006 the Company announced it had completed a private placement of 12,975,967 units of the Company at $1.15 CDN per unit raising gross proceeds of $13,286,762 ($14,922,362 CDN). Each unit consists of one common share of the Company and one-half of one common share purchase warrant. Each whole common share purchase warrants is exercisable at $1.75 CDN into one common share of the Company for a period of 2 years from the date of closing.
The fair value of the common share purchase warrants was estimated, on the date of closing, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, with the following assumptions: dividend yield 0%, expected volatility of 638%, risk-free interest rate of 4.13% and an expected life of 24 months. The value assigned to the warrants is $6,643,382 ($7,461,182 CDN).
A cash finder’s fee of 6% or $797,206 ($895,342 CDN) was paid to certain registered brokers and this will be applied to the cost of issue.
		(b)	On May 2, 2006 the Company granted 3,140,000 common share stock options to certain directors and a consultant. The options are exercisable at $1.44 CDN for a period of 5 years. The fair value of the options was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, with the following assumptions: dividend yield 0%, expected volatility of 859%, risk-free interest rate of 4.36% and an expected life of 5 years. The value assigned to the options is $4,086,399 ($4,521,600 CDN).
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
16.	Differences between Canadian GAAP and US GAAP
The Company's consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP. These principles, as they pertain to the Company's consolidated financial statements differ from US GAAP as follows:  
The Company is in the process of exploring its exploration costs and has not yet determined whether these properties contain ore reserves.  Accordingly, under US GAAP, the Company would be characterized as a "development stage enterprise".
Under Canadian GAAP, the Company accounts for its exploration costs as described in Note 2, while under US GAAP, exploration costs cannot be capitalized and are expensed as incurred.  Had the Company's consolidated balance sheets as at January 31, 2006 and 2005 been prepared using US GAAP, such balance sheets would be presented as follows:
						2006		2005AssetsCurrent   Cash and cash equivalents		$	795,095	$	392,697   Short-term investments			436,378		     -   Available for sale securities		226,537		 86,124   Receivables			                  1,261		    777   Due from related parties			126,342		 62,237					      1,585,613         541,835Equipment			              1,258,994	         37,735Mining properties - acquisition costs		187,415		     -Mine development			        445,529		     -					$     3,477,551	$       579,570	
LiabilitiesCurrent   Payables and accruals		$	221,733	$       104,087Asset retirement obligation			131,767	        131,767						353,500	        235,854	
Shareholders' EquityCapital stock				     11,251,645	      8,198,236Shares to be issued			        119,325		     -Warrants				      1,440,009	        584,796Additional paid-in capital		      2,218,739	      1,482,259   Cumulative foreign currency     translation adjustments	                296,398	         46,893   Cumulative adjustments to     marketable securities                     (266,692)       (407,105)   Deficit accumulated during     the development stage                  (11,935,373)     (9,561,363)					      3,124,051	        343,716				         $    3,477,551	$       579,570	
Under US GAAP, development stage enterprises are required to provide cumulative-from-inception information relating to income statements, statements of cash flows, and statements of changes in shareholders' equity. Inception has been deemed to be June 26, 1996, the date on which the Company acquired all of the outstanding common shares of Southeastern Resources Inc. ("SRI") which acquisition was accounted for as a reverse takeover of the Company by SRI because immediately after the acquisition,
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
16.Differences between Canadian GAAP and US GAAP (continued)
the former shareholders of SRI owned approximately 94% of the then outstanding shares of the Company. In addition, US GAAP requires the presentation of a statement of comprehensive income, which includes in addition to revenue and expenses, those comprehensive income items recorded directly in equity on the balance sheet.
The cumulative-from-inception statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), cash flows and changes in shareholder's equity under US GAAP are as follows:
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss):
			      Cumulative			      from inception	2006         2005	    2004	
ExpensesGeneral and administrative   $ 2,053,601  $   266,505	$   193,287   $   269,520Consulting fees		         897,262      295,707       213,504       241,103Stock option compensation        929,952      739,006       150,606        40,340General exploration            7,812,567      880,915     1,654,971       510,161Depreciation                     230,505      191,877        14,921        14,944		    	      11,923,887    2,374,010     2,227,289     1,076,068Loss before the following    (11,923,887)  (2,374,010)   (2,227,289)   (1,076,068)Recovery of (write down of)   advances to related company   (75,506)          -             -             -Gain on disposal of marketable   securities                     47,988           -             -             -Interest income		          18,614           -             -             -Repayment of interest		 (67,117)          -             -             -Gain on sale of 60% interest in   exploration property		  78,124           -         78,124            -Net loss before income taxes (11,921,784)  (2,374,010)   (2,149,165)   (1,076,068)Income taxes		              -	           -             -             -Net loss	            $(11,921,784) $(2,374,010)  $(2,149,165)  $(1,076,068)	
Comprehensive income items:   Foreign currency translation     gains 		         296,398      249,505       131,306        49,038   Recovery of (write down) of     marketable securities      (266,692)     140,412            -             -Comprehensive loss          $(11,892,078) $(1,984,093)  $(2,017,859)  $(1,027,030)	
Net loss per common share      Basic		                       $(0.04)       $(0.05)       $(0.03)      Diluted				       $(0.04)       $(0.05)       $(0.03)	
Comprehensive loss per common share      Basic		                       $(0.04)       $(0.05)       $(0.03)      Diluted		                       $(0.04)       $(0.05)       $(0.03)
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
16.	Differences between Canadian GAAP and US GAAP (continued)
Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity:The changes in common stock since the Company's inception as required by US GAAP are as follows:
						Common Stock 	Amount						Price Per	Under					Shares	Share	US GAAP
Issued to former shareholders of SRI    	 8,154,614   $	0.16	$ 1,318,566Held by other shareholders		 	   488,041	0.96	    467,467Outstanding at June 26, 1996			 8,642,655      -         1,786,033Issued for exploration properties 		 1,400,000	0.48  	    667,204Issued for services		         	   200,000	0.63        126,465Issued on cash on exercise of warrant	 	   580,577      0.62 	    361,823Issued for cash		                 	   500,000	0.66        329,936Outstanding at January 31, 1997			11,323,232      -         3,271,461Issued for exploration properties       	   200,000      0.67        134,250Flow-through shares issued for cash    		   300,000      0.72        216,763Issued for cash, less issue costs of $481,480    7,228,066	0.29      2,129,061Issued for services		                    70,000	0.83         58,125Outstanding at January 31, 1998		        19,121,298      -         5,809,660Share issue costs		                        -	-	     (5,919)Outstanding at January 31, 1999		        19,121,298      -         5,803,741Issued for cash, less issue costs of $4,092        951,494	0.06         61,578Outstanding at January 31, 2000		        20,072,792      -         5,865,319Issued for cash, less issue costs of $54,246     3,043,667	0.12        377,614Outstanding at January 31, 2001		        23,116,459      -         6,242,933Issued for cash on exercise of warrants		   951,494      0.13        123,052Cancellation of shares held in escrow		(4,836,615)	0.26     (1,279,287)Outstanding at January 31, 2002		        19,231,338      -         5,086,698Issued for cash, less issue cost of $55,258      7,000,000	0.09        600,427Issued for cash, on exercise of stock options      910,000	0.10         88,290Issued in exchange for exploration properties	 1,000,000	0.17        171,125Outstanding at January 31, 2003			28,141,338      -         5,946,540Issued for cash, less issue cost of $266,372 	 6,000,000	0.12        845,292Warrants valuation				        -	-	   (151,276)Outstanding at January 31, 2004		        34,141,338      -         6,640,556Issued for cash, less issue cost of $360,964     7,395,000	0.22      1,486,784Issued to broker as compensation		   349,680      0.26         91,117Issued on warrant exercise		         1,257,500      0.21        318,352Warrant valuation		                        -	-	   (428,918)Warrant call		                                -	-            90,345Outstanding at January 31, 2005		        43,143,518      -         8,198,236Issued for cash, less issue cost of $295,750	12,131,000	0.35      3,117,705Issued to broker as compensation		   127,000      0.35         35,553Issued on warrant and compensation   option exercise                               2,221,060	0.50        692,984Warrant call		                                -	-           255,491Warrant valuation		                        -	-        (1,132,581)Issued on stock option exercise		           200,000	0.38         64,824Stock option valuation		                        -	-            19,433Outstanding at January 31, 2006		        57,822,578   $  -	$11,251,645
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
16.	Differences between Canadian GAAP and US GAAP (continued)
Other changes in shareholders' equity are presented as follows:
						  Cumulative	           Deficit						  foreign    Cumulative  accumulated				      Additional currency   adjustments during the				      paid in translation to marketable development			    Warrants  capital	  adjustments securities     stage
Balance, February 1, 2001    $  -     $1,279,286 $(151,939) $(379,105)  $(5,492,828)Comprehensive (loss) income     -           -       (1,424)    11,000       222,374Balance, January 31, 2002       -      1,279,286  (153,363)  (368,105)   (5,270,454)Comprehensive (loss) income     -           -	    19,912    (39,000)   (1,065,676)Balance, January 31, 2003       -      1,279,286  (133,451)  (407,105)   (6,336,130)Issue of warrants, fair value 151,276       -	        -          -		 -Stock options 		        -	  52,367        -	   -             -Comprehensive (loss) income     -           -       49,038         -     (1,076,068)Balance, January 31, 2004     151,276  1,331,653   (84,413)  (407,105)   (7,412,198)	Warrant exercise, fair value  (55,200)      -           -          -             -	Issue of warrants, fair value 579,065       -           -          -             -	Warrant call		      (90,345)      -           -          -		 -	Stock options 		        -	150,606		-	   -             -	Comprehensive (loss) income     - 	    -      131,306         -	(2,149,165)	Balance, January 31, 2005     584,796 1,482,259     46,893   (407,105)  (9,561,363)Warrant exercise, fair value (255,941)      -           -	   -		 -Issue of warrants, fair value 1,132,581     -		-	   -		 -Warrant expiry, fair value    (21,427)      -		-	   -		 -Stock options 		        -	739,006		-	   -		 -Stock option exercise,   fair value		        -	(19,433)	-          -		 -Stock options expired,   fair value		        -        16,907		-	   -	         -Comprehensive (loss) income     -   	     -     249,505    140,413	(2,374,010)Balance, January 31, 2006  $1,440,009 $2,218,739  $296,398  $(266,692)$(11,935,373)
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
16.	Differences between Canadian GAAP and US GAAP (continued)
Statement of Cash Flows:				Cumulative				from				Inception	2006           2005	    2004Operating activitiesNet loss	              $(11,921,784)  $(2,374,010)  $(2,149,165) $(1,076,068)Depreciation		           230,505       191,877        14,921       14,944Stock option compensation          929,952       739,006       150,606       40,340Foreign currency translation   adjustments		           296,398       249,505       131,306       49,038Expenses settled by the issue   of common shares 		   184,610            -	            -            -Exploration expenditures settled   by the issue of common shares 2,277,918            -	            -            -Gain on disposal of marketable   securities		           (47,988)           -	            -            -Write down of advances to related   company		           554,846            -	            -            -Increase in asset retirement   obligation		           131,767            -	       131,767           -Decrease (increase) in receivables (63,498)         (484)      (62,455)      11,164Increase in advances to related   company		          (618,951)      (64,105)           -            -Increase (decrease) in payables   and accruals		           221,733       117,646        (2,091)      23,878				(7,824,492)   (1,140,565)   (1,785,111)    (936,704)	
Financing activitiesIssue of common shares, net of   issue costs		        11,623,645     4,025,421     1,991,200      857,319	
Investing activitiesIncrease in short-term investments(436,378)     (436,378)           -            -Increase in funds held in trust		- 	      -		75,000	 	 -Purchase of equipment		(1,489,500)   (1,413,136)           -       (13,913)Acquisition of mineral rights     (187,415)     (187,415)           -            -Mine development costs		  (445,529)     (445,529)           -            -Purchase of marketable securities(1,136,100)          -        (78,124)          -Proceeds on disposal of marketable   securities		           690,864            -	            -            -				(3,004,058)   (2,482,458)	(3,124)     (13,913)	
Cash and cash equivalentsNet increase (decrease)		   795,095       402,398       202,965      (93,298)Beginning of period		        -        392,697       189,732      283,030	
End of period	                  $795,095      $795,095      $392,697     $189,732
Royal Standard Minerals Inc.(expressed in United States Dollars)
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsYears ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004			
16.	Differences between Canadian GAAP and US GAAP (continued)
Recent US GAAP accounting pronouncements--
In January 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 46, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities" ("FIN 46"), which provides guidance on the identification of variable interest entities, entities for which control is achieved through means other than through voting rights, and how to determine whether a variable interest holder should consolidate its variable interest entities. In December 2003, the FASB issued modifications to FIN 46, resulting in multiple effective dates based on the nature and creation date of the VIE. The Company has determined that it does not have any VIE's which will require consolidation for US GAAP purposes.
On December 15, 2004, the FASB issued Statement No. 123 (Revised 2004), "Share-Based Payment" (FASB 123R).  FASB 123R requires companies to calculate and record in the income statement the costs of equity instruments, such as stock options, awarded to employees for services rendered; pro-forma disclosure is no longer permitted.  FASB 123R is required to be adopted in the first quarter of 2006.  The Company's accounting for its stock option awards is already in substantial compliance with the provision of FASB 123R; the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant on the Company's financial statements.
In December 2004, the FASB issued Statement No. 153, "Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets an Amendment of APB Opinion No. 29, Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions" (FASB 153).  FASB 153 eliminates the exception from fair value measurement for nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets in paragraph 21(b) of APB Opinion No. 29, "Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions," and replaces it with an exception for exchanges that do not have commercial substance.  FASB 153 specifies that a nonmonetary exchange has commercial substance if the future cash flows of the entity are expected to change significantly as a result of the exchange.  FASB 153 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005.  The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.  
In March 2005, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 47 "Accounting for Conditional Retirement Obligation- an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 143 (FIN 47).  FIN 47 clarifies the FASB's intended meanings of the term "Asset Retirement Obligation," and clarifies that entities are expected to record asset retirement obligations even though uncertainty may exist regarding the timing or method of settlement so long as the obligation is reasonably estimable.  The requirements of FASB Statement No. 143 and FIN 47 are substantially equivalent to CICA Handbook Section 3110 which has been adopted during the year ended January 31, 2005.
In March 2004, the FASB ratified a consensus reached by the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) on Issue No. 4-2 entitled “Whether Mineral Rights are Tangible or Intangible Assets.”  This consensus requires that costs to acquire mineral rights (defined as the legal right to explore, extract and retain at least a portion of the benefits from mineral deposits) as tangible assets.  This consensus was effective for years beginning after March 2004 and has been applied in the January 31, 2006 balance sheet.  Prior to the adoption of this consensus, the Company accounted for mineral rights costs with exploration costs as expense when incurred.
In March 2005, the FASB ratified a consensus reached by the EITF on Issue No. 4-6 entitled “Accounting for Stripping Costs Incurred during Production in the Mining Industry.”  This consensus affects the accounting for costs of removing overburden and waste materials during the production phase of a mine.  The consensus requires that stripping costs are to be accounted for as variable production costs and charged to operations during the period that the stripping costs are incurred.  This consensus is required to be adopted in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2007.
** **
** **
** **
**Management's Discussion and    Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations**
The following discussion (the    "MD&A") of the financial condition and results of operations of Royal    Standard Minerals Inc. (the "Corporation") constitutes management's review of    the factors that affected the Corporation's financial and operating performance in the    year ended January 31, 2006. The MD&A was prepared as of May 19, 2006 and should be    read in conjunction with the audited annual financial statements for the year ended    January 31, 2006 of the corporation, including the notes thereto. Unless otherwise stated,    all amounts discussed herein are denominated in United States dollars. 
**Overview**
The Corporation is currently    active in the State of Nevada, with projects in Nye, Elko, Churchill and Lyon Counties,    Nevada. The Corporation's common shares are listed on the TSX Venture Exchange symbol RSM    and on the US OTC:BB symbol RYSMF. 

The Gold Wedge project can be    considered to be an advanced exploration development project that is fully permitted by    the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) for a mine and mill. This project    was the major focus of the Company in fiscal 2006 and will continue to be its focus in    fiscal 2007. 

The Corporation has been evaluating    other investment opportunities in Nevada as part of an effort to improve upon the    Corporation's production capacity. Capital for the development of the current controlled    projects and future acquisitions is envisioned to come from equity and debt financing. 
**Results of Operations**
The net loss for the year ending    January 31, 2006 was $1,611,057 as compared to $475,409 for the year ending January 31,    2005 a difference of $1,135,648. The majority of this difference is a result of    stock-option compensation which increased from $150,606 in 2005 to $739,006 in 2006.    During fiscal 2006 2,380,000 options were granted to employees and directors of the    company, 200,000 were exercised and 695,000 were cancelled or expired (see note 9 of the    January 31, 2006 audited financial statements for details). 

Also contributing to the increased    loss were write-offs of exploration properties totaling $367,467. During the year the    Company wrote-off $192,523 of exploration expenditures relating to the Manhattan, Nye    County project and $174,944 relating to smaller projects that the Company was evaluating. 

General and Administrative expenses    increased from $193,287 for the year ending January 31, 2005 to $266,505 for the year    ending January 31, 2006. Consulting fees increased from $213,504 for the year ending    January 31, 2005 to $295,707 for the year ending January 31, 2006. These increases are a    direct result of increased activity on the Company's mineral projects. 

The Corporation owns 100% interest    in five (5) projects in four (4) gold-silver districts in Nevada. These projects include    the Gold Wedge, Nye County, Pinon and Railroad Projects, Elko County, Fondaway Canyon,    Churchill County and Como, Lyon County, Nevada. 

*Gold Wedge Project*

The Gold Wedge project represents    the most advanced project located in the Manhattan district about eight (8) miles south of    the Round Mountain mine and has been issued a mine and mill permit by the Nevada    Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP). RSM has commenced the mining program which    includes mining of the defined mineralized zones concurrently with the second phase of    decline development. The program focuses upon drifting within the eastern most gold    mineralized zone accessed during the 2004 decline construction. An initial bulk sampling    program has begun and the surface facilities to process this material is currently under    final construction. Surface infrastructure at Goldwedge includes primary and secondary    crushing facilities and the gold recovery system. The plant containment building has been    completed. In addition, a heap leach pad, silt and fresh water ponds have been completed. 

On June 29, 2005 the Company entered    into a 5-year purchase option agreement with a private individual for all of his patented    and unpatented mining claims in the Manhattan Mining District located in Nye County,    Nevada. The land package totals approximately 1600 acres (4 patented, 700 unpatented    claims). This property position adjoins the Company's Goldwedge Mine. The land package    includes a number of exploration targets which are of interest to the Company. In    addition, the Company's option includes the Dixie Comstock claim group located in    Churchill County, Nevada. The Dixie Comstock is a 1500 acre property containing an    epithermal gold system that has been explored by a number of major mining companies over    the past 20 years. It is considered to be an attractive advanced exploration project. The    Company is currently engaged in the completion of a 43-101 property report. The Company    agrees to pay $35,000 upon the execution of the Agreement. Annual option payments of    $48,000 are to be applied to a total purchase price of $600,000 - there are no royalties. 

*Pinon-Railroad Project*

The Company has also developed the    necessary construction plans for the Pinon-Railroad project including surface, heap leach    facilities design and open pit modeling of the deposits. All of this work was completed in    preparation for the filing of a mining permit application with the US Bureau of Mines    (BLM) by fiscal year-end 2007. A second objective is to complete feasibility studies for    the Pinon/Railroad near surface oxide deposits. 

*Other Projects*

The Company signed an Exploration    and Option Agreement with Metallic Ventures ("Metallic") to explore the Mustang    Canyon Project in Esmeralda County, Nevada. The agreement gives the Company the exclusive    option to acquire 50% interest in the Mustang Canyon Project by spending $20,000 per year    in exploration expenditures with the objective to identify a measured resource by June 30,    2010. Upon identification of a measured resource and completion of a 43-101 report, the    Company will earn a 50% interest in the project. The Company may terminate the Agreement    at any time after spending the initial $20,000 by providing 30 days written notice to    Metallic. When the Company has exercised its option to acquire a 50% interest in the    project, Metallic and the Company will establish a Joint Venture in respect to the    project, on a 50/50 basis. Further expenditures on the Mustang Canyon Project will then be    made by the Joint Venture. The Company will be the operator of the joint venture as long    as it has at least a 50% interest in the joint venture. 
**Liquidity and Capital Resources**
The Corporation's cash balance    as of January 31, 2006 was $795,095 compared to $392,697 at January 31, 2005. The Company    also had $436,378 (market value) in short term investments at January 31, 2006 compared to    $0 in 2005. The increases are attributable to the private placement offerings completed    during the first two quarters of 2005. 

On March 31, 2005 the Company    completed the first round of a private placement by issuing 8,750,000 units at a price of    $0.35 CDN for gross proceeds of $2,531,829 ($3,062,500 CDN). Each unit consisted of one    common share and one-half common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant will entitle    the holder to subscribe for one additional share at a price of $0.50 CDN until March 31,    2007. 

In addition, Canaccord Capital    Corporation, the agent for the offering, as partial compensation for their services,    received 82,000 common shares and 1,353,500 warrants, each warrant entitling Canaccord to    acquire one additional common share of the Company at an exercise price of $0.50 CDN until    March 31, 2007. 

A second round of the financing was    completed on April 26, 2005. 1,500,000 units were issued at a price of $0.35 CDN for gross    proceeds of $426,615 ($525,000 CDN). Each unit consists of one common share and one-half    common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant will entitle the holder to subscribe for    one additional share at a price of $0.50 CDN per share until April 26, 2007. 

Haywood Securities Inc.    ("Haywood") and Canaccord (the "Agents") acted as agents in this round    of financing. As partial compensation for their services, the Agents received 45,000    common shares and 247,500 warrants, each warrant entitling the Agents to acquire one    additional common share of the Company at an exercise price of $0.50 CDN until April 26,    2007. 

On April 29, 2005, the Company    issued 50,000 units at a price of $0.35 CDN per unit for gross proceeds of $14,296    ($17,500 CDN). Each unit consists of one common share and one-half common share purchase    warrant. Each whole warrant entitled the holder to subscribe for one additional share at a    price of $0.50 CDN per share until April 29, 2007. 

On May 5, 2005, the Company    completed the third and final round of private placements by issuing 1,831,000 units at a    price of $0.35 CDN for gross proceeds of $495,808 ($640,850 CDN). Each unit consists of    one common share and one-half common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant entitled    the holder to subscribe for one additional share at a price of $0.50 CDN per share until    May 5, 2007. 

Current assets as at January 31,    2006 were $1,445,200. Total assets as at January 31, 2006 were $6,646,480 as compared to    $3,375,464 at January 31, 2005. This represents an increase of $3,271,016 due to the    increased financing activity. Exploration properties at January 31, 2006 were $3,810,519    compared to $2,664,127 at January 31, 2005. This represents an increase of $1,146,392    resulting from continued construction at the Gold Wedge Project. 

Current liabilities as at January    31, 2006 were $221,733 compared to $104,087 at January 31, 2005, and represent current    trade payables. 

On a forward going basis equity and    debt financings will remain the single major source of cash flow for the Corporation. The    primary reason is that current production cash flow is insufficient to allow the    Corporation to grow at a rate to increase the necessary production capacity to achieve    profitability in the near term. As revenue from operations improve the capital requirement    of the Corporation will also improve. However, debt and equity financings will continue to    be a source of capital to expand the Corporation's activities in the future. 

The Corporation is authorized to    issue an unlimited number of Common Shares of which 57,822,578 are outstanding as at    January 31, 2006. As at January 31, 2006 the Corporation had outstanding options to    purchase 5,670,000 common shares with exercise prices from $0.17-0.87CDN per share and    expiration dates ranging from May 2006 to January 2011. The Corporation had 10,439,280    Warrants outstanding as of January 31, 2006. (See notes 8 & 9 of the Company's January    31, 2006 audited financial statements for details.) 

**Selected Annual Information**
The following selected financial    information is derived from the financial statements of the Corporation and should be read    in conjunction with such statements, including the notes thereto: 

January 31 
2006
2005
2004 
Statement of Operations 
Revenue 
$0
$0
$0 
Administrative Expenses 
$1,493,095
$572,318
$565,907 
Net loss for the year 
$(1,611,057)
$(475,409)
$(554,626) 
Deficit, beginning of year 
$(7,852,833)
$(7,377,424)
$(6,822,798) 
Deficit, end of year 
$(9,463,890)
$(7,852,833)
$(7,377,424) 
Earnings (loss) per common share basic and diluted 
$(0.03)
$(0.01)
$(0.02) 
**Balance Sheet**
2005
2005
2004 
Current Assets 
$1,445,200
$541,835
$273,291 
Interest in Mineral Properties and Related Deferred        Exploration Costs 
$3,810,519
$2,664,127
$1,253,444 
Equipment 
$1,258,994
$37,735
$52,656 
Current Liabilities 
($221,733)
($104,087)
($106,178) **Selected Quarterly Information**
The following is a summary of    selected financial information of the Corporation for the quarterly periods indicated: 

3 Mos Ended January 31, 2006 
3 Mos Ended October 31, 2005 
3Mos. Ended         July 31, 2005 
3 Mos. Ended         April 30, 2005 
3 Mos Ended January 31, 2005 
3 Mos Ended October 31, 2004 
3 Mos. Ended         July 31, 2004 
3 Mos. Ended April 30, 2004 
Revenue 
$0.00 
$0.00 
$0.00 
$0.00
$0.00 
$0.00 
$0.00 
$0.00 
Expenses 
($601,892) 
($368,642) 
($298,257) 
($342,266)
($264,345) 
73,957 
($167,079) 
($117,942) 
Net Income (Loss) 
($601,892) 
($368,642) 
($298,257) 
($342,266)
($264,345) 
73,957 
($167,079) 
($117,942) 
Net Income (Loss) per Common share basic and diluted 
(0.01) 
(0.00) 
(0.01) 
(0.01)
(0.01) 
0.00 
(0.00) 
(0.00) 
**Exploration Properties 
The following table reflects the    exploration properties and expenditures during the year ended January 31, 2006. 

Opening Balance January 31, 2005
Additions        (See details below)
Write-Offs
Ending Balance        January 31, 2006
Gold Wedge Project 
$1,460,443
$1,176,419
$0
$2,636,862
Manhattan Project 
191,065
1,458
(192,523)
0
Como Project 
86,330
21,720
0
108,050
Railroad Project 
175,670
0
0
175,670
Pinon Project 
600,538
161,747
0
762,285
Fondaway Project 
96,028
31,624
0
127,652
Other 
54,053
120,891
(174,944)
0
$2,664,127
$1,513,859
($367,467)
$3,810,519
Detail of Mineral Property Additions    

**Gold Wedge Project**
Opening balance 
$1,460,443 
Construction 
445,529 
Supplies 
150,791 
Consulting fees 
81,122 
Drilling 
78,789 
Salaries 
67,132 
Travel 
66,152 
Option payment 
47,627 
Acquisition costs 
69,763 
General exploration 
169,514 
Total Gold Wedge Project 
2,636,862 
**Manhattan Project**
Opening balance 
191,065 
General exploration 
1,458 
Written-off 
(192,523) 
Total Manhattan Project 
0 
**Como Project**
Opening balance 
86,330 
General exploration 
21,720 
Total Como Project 
108,050 
**Railroad Project**
Opening balance 
175,670 
Total Railroad Project 
175,670 
**Pinon Project**
Opening balance 
600,538 
Drilling 
74,586 
Option payment 
38,401 
Geologists 
25,009 
Consulting fees 
19,537 
Travel 
801 
General exploration 
3,413 
Total Pinon Project 
762,285 
**Fondaway Project**
Opening balance 
96,028 
Option payment 
31,624 
Total Fondaway Project 
127,652 
**Other**
Opening balance 
54,053 
Drilling 
59,514 
General exploration 
61,377 
Written-off 
(174,944) 
Total Other 
0 
**TOTAL**
$3,810,519 
 **Equipment 
2006
2005
2004**Cost **Exploration equipment 
$1,475,201
$62,065
$62,065
Office equipment 
16,936
16,936
16,936
1,492,137
79,001
79,001
Accumulated amortization 
Exploration equipment 
220,669
34,537
22,321
Office equipment 
12,474
6,729
4,024
233,143
41,266
26,345
Net carrying value 
Exploration equipment 
1,254,532
27,528
39,744
Office equipment 
4,462
10,207
12,912
$1,258,994
$37,735
$52,656
**Transactions with Related    Parties**

1. Following is a summary of    transactions of the Corporation with Sharpe Resources Corporation during the financial    year ended January 31, 2006. Sharpe Resources is considered to be related to the Company    because of common management. 
- Market shares in the amount of $86,124 consist of        shares of Sharpe Resources Corporation a publicly held Canadian company engaged in the        exploration for and production of petroleum and natural gas properties in the United        States. The market value of the shares at January 31, 2006 was $226,538 (2005 - $96,684,        2004 - did not own the shares). 
- At January 31, 2006, $108,293 is owed to Sharpe        Resources. 
- The amount of $18,049 is a receivable from the        President and Director of the Company. 

**Subsequent Events**
(a) On April 27, 2006 the    Company announced it had completed a private placement of 12,975,967 units of the Company    at $1.15 CDN per unit raising gross proceeds of $13,286,762 ($14,922,362 CDN). Each unit    consists of one common share of the Company and one-half of one common share purchase    warrant. Each whole common share purchase warrants is exercisable at $1.75 CDN into one    common share of the Company for a period of 2 years from the date of closing. The fair    value of the common share purchase warrants was estimated, on the date of closing, using    the Black-Scholes option pricing model, with the following assumptions: dividend yield 0%,    expected volatility of 638%, risk-free interest rate of 4.13% and an expected life of 24    months. The value assigned to the warrants is $6,643,382 ($7,461,182 CDN). A cash finder's    fee of 6% or $797,206 ($895,342 CDN) was paid to certain registered brokers and this will    be applied to the cost of issue. 

(b) On May 2, 2006 the Company    granted 3,140,000 common share stock options to certain directors and a consultant. The    options are exercisable at $1.44 CDN for a period of 5 years. The fair value of the    options was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, with the following    assumptions: dividend yield 0%, expected volatility of 859%, risk-free interest rate of    4.36% and an expected life of 5 years. The value assigned to the options is $4,086,399    ($4,521,600 CDN). 
**Changes in Accounting Policies**
The CICA Handbook Section 3870    requires that compensation for option awards to employees be recognized in the financial    statements at fair value for options granted in fiscal years beginning on or after January    1, 2004. The Company, as permitted by CICA Handbook Section 3870, has adopted this section    prospectively for new option awards granted on or after February 1, 2003. 

**Risk and Uncertainties 
At the present time, the    Corporation's viability and potential success lie in its ability to develop, exploit and    generate revenue out of its current and future precious metal properties. The    Corporation's ability to acquire and develop it current precious metal properties and any    new properties is a function of its ability to raise the necessary capital to pursue the    efforts successfully. 

The Corporation has limited    financial resources and there is no assurance that additional capital will be available to    it for further acquisitions, exploration and development of new or existing projects.    Although the Corporation has been successful in the past in obtaining financing there is    no guarantee that it will be successful in the future or that the terms of such financing    will be favorable. Failure to obtain such additional financing could result in delay or    indefinite postponement of further exploration and development of the property interests    of the Corporation with the possible dilution or loss of such interests. 

**Forward Looking Statements**
This MD&A includes certain    "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of applicable Canadian    securities legislation. All statements, other than statements of historical facts,    included in this MD&A that address activities, events or developments that the    Corporation expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future, including such things    as future business strategy, competitive strengths, goals, expansion and growth of the    Corporation's businesses, operations, plans and other such matters are forward-looking    statements. When used in this MD&A, the words "estimate", "plan",    "anticipate", "expect", "intend", "believe" and    similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements    involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the    actual results, performance or achievements of the Corporation to be materially different    from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such    forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others, risks related to joint    venture operations, actual results of current exploration activities, changes in project    parameters as plans continue to be refined unavailability of financing, fluctuations in    oil and gas prices and other factors. Although the Corporation has attempted to identify    important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, there may be other    factors that cause results not to be anticipated, estimated or intended. There can be no    assurance that such statements will prove to be accurate as actual results and future    events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly,    readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. 
**Additional Information**
Additional information relating    to the Corporation, including the annual information form of the Corporation, can be found    on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on the Corporation's website at www.royal-standard.com. 

\s\ Roland M. Larsen     Roland M. Larsen     President     Heathsville, VA 

May 22, 2006 

 

 
**Item 18. Financial Statements. 
Not applicable. 
**Item 19. Exhibits. 
None 

**SIGNATURES 
The registrant hereby certifies    that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused    and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf. 

ROYAL STANDARD MINERALS INC. 
(Registant) 
/s/ Roland M. Larsen 
Roland M. Larsen, President & CEO 
Date: July 25, 2006 

***Risks Associated with    Forward Looking Statements**.*This Form 20-F contains certain forward-looking    statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended    (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21e of the securities Exchange Act of 1934,    as amended (the "Exchange Act"), which are intended to be covered by the safe    harbors created thereby. Investors and shareholders are cautioned that all forward-looking    statements involve risks and uncertainty, including without limitation, the ability of the    Company to continue its mineral exploration strategy, complete recommended work programs,    the success of the Company in locating mineral bodies in commercially recoverable    quantities, the ability of the Company to develop the mineral bodies either on its own or    in partnership with third parties, the ability of the Company to acquire interests in    mineral exploration properties or mining claims, as well as market prices for mineral    resources, competition and general market conditions. Although the Company believes that    the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained herein are reasonable,    any of the assumptions could be inaccurate, and therefore, there can be no assurance that    the forward-looking statements included in this Form 20-F will prove to be accurate. In    light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included    herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by    the Company or any other person that the objectives and plans of the Company will be    achieved. 

**CERTIFICATIONS**
I, Roland M. Larsen, certify    that: 
  2. Based on my knowledge, this annual      report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a      material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under      which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this      annual report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial      information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the      financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and      for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The company's other certifying officers and      I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as      defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial      reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and      have: 
a. Designed such disclosure controls and        procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our        supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its        consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,        particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared: b. Designed such        internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial        reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding        the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for        external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c.        Evaluated the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls and procedures and        presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure        controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such        evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the company's internal control        over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that        has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company's        internal control over financial reporting; and 

5. The company's other certifying officers and I      have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal controls over financial      reporting, to the company's auditors and the audit committee of company's board of      directors (or persons performing the equivalent function): 
a. All significant deficiencies and material        weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which        are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company's ability to record, process,        summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material,        that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company's        internal control over financial reporting. 

Date: July 25, 2006 

\s\ Roland M. Larsen 
Roland M. Larsen 
President & CEO 
**CERTIFICATIONS**
I, Kimberly L. Koerner, certify    that: 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form      20-F of Royal Standard Minerals Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does      not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact      necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such      statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual      report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial      information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the      financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and      for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The company's other certifying officers and      I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as      defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial      reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and      have: 
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and        procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our        supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its        consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,        particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared: (b) Designed such        internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial        reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding        the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for        external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c)        Evaluated the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls and procedures and        presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure        controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such        evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company's internal control        over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that        has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company's        internal control over financial reporting; and 

5. The company's other certifying officers and I      have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal controls over financial      reporting, to the company's auditors and the audit committee of company's board of      directors (or persons performing the equivalent function): 
(a) All significant deficiencies and material        weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which        are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company's ability to record, process,        summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material,        that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company's        internal control over financial reporting. 

Date: July 25, 2006 

\s\ Kimberly L. Koerner 
Kimberly L. Koerner 
Director & Treasurer 
**Royal Standard Minerals Inc.     Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
I, Roland M. Larsen, Chief    Executive Officer of Royal Standard Minerals Inc. ("the Company"), certify that:    

1. the annual report on Form 20F of the Company      for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2006 as filed with the Securities and Exchange      Commission on the date hereof (the "report") fully complies with the      requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934; and 2.      the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the      financial condition and results of operations of the Company. 

/s/ Roland M. Larsen     Roland M. Larsen     Chief Executive Officer 

July 25, 2006 

**Royal Standard Minerals Inc.     Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
I, Kimberly L. Koerner, Director    of Royal Standard Minerals Inc. ("the Company"), certify that: 

1. the annual report on Form 20F of the Company      for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2006 as filed with the Securities and Exchange      Commission on the date hereof (the "report") fully complies with the      requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934; and 2.      the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the      financial condition and results of operations of the Company. 

/s/ Kimberly L. Koerner     Kimberly L. Koerner     Director 

July 25, 2006******************************************************************************************************************************* |
|--|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|