1



## EPA Region 2 Technical Support Document for the **Approval of Air Quality Implementation Plans; New Jersey,**

**Carbon Monoxide Maintenance Plan [Docket No. EPA**  **- R02**  **- OAR**  **- 2016**  **- 0059; FRL**  **- ]**  **(Including the Shutdown of the CO Maintenance Area Monitors in Burlington, Freehold, Morristown, Perth**  **Amboy, and East Orange, New Jersey)**

**February 2016** US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)2 

## Region 2 Division of Environmental Planning and Protection

Air Programs Branch3 

## Table of Contents **Page** 

### I. **Carbon Monoxide Attainment Inventory and Limited Maintenance Plan (LMP) Requirements for the NJ Portion**  **of the New York**

**- Northern New Jersey**  **- Long Island 5**  **- County**  **CO Nonattainment Areas ...................................................... 4** 
**II. New**  **Jersey 2007 CO Base Year Emissions Inventory SIP for the NJ Portion of the New York**  **- Northern New Jersey**  **** **Long Island 5 -**  **County CO Nonattainment Areas ........................ 9**
**III. CO Maintenance Area Monitor shutdowns .............................. 17**  **A ttachments ................................................................... 22**  **CO Maintenance Area Monitors to be shut down and their surrogate sites ......................................................... 23**  **All NJ CO Monitor Sites ................................................. 24 Camden CO site surrogate for Burlington CO site ................. 25**  **Elizabeth Lab CO site surrogate for Freehold CO site ............ 26 Elizabeth Lab CO site surrogate for Morristown CO site ........ 27**  **Elizabeth Lab CO site surrogate for Perth Amboy CO si te ...... 28**  **Elizabeth Lab CO site surrogate for East Orange CO site ....... 29 Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Mobile Sources ................ 30** 4



## I. **Carbon Monoxide Attainment Inventory and Limited Maintenance Plan (LMP) Requirements for the**  **NJ Portion of the New York**  **- Northern New Jersey**  **- Long Island**  **5 -**  **County CO Nonattainment Areas** 5

**PREFACE** This document is to support EPA's approval of a revision to the New Jersey State Implementation Plan (SIP) which pertains to the following: The Carbon Monoxide Attainment Inventory and Limited Maintenance Plan (LMP) requirements for the NJ Portion of the New York
- Northern New Jersey
- Long Island 5
- County CO Nonattainment Areas. This TSD contains a detailed review of New Jersey CO Attainment Inventory and inventory portion o f the L MP submittals. Among the topics discussed below are the recent history and criteria for approval and EPA’s final recommendations. **A. Attainment Year Inventory Requirements**  2007 CO Attainment Year Inventory Page 3, of the October 6, 1995, memorandum from Joseph W. Paisie, Group L eader, Integrated Policy and Strategies Group to Regional Air Branch Chiefs entitled Li mited Maintenance Plan Options for non - classifiable CO Nonattainment Areas , states that for inventory purposes, the State is only

required to submit an attainment inventory to EPA that is based on monitoring data which shows attainment. There is no requirement to project emissions over the maintenance period. This means if 2007 is a calendar ye ar which has monitoring data which demonstrates attainment, the 2007 base y ear inventory can be used as the attainment y ear inventory and no projection inventories are required over the ye ars of the maintenance period. Only calendar y ear 2007 summary

emissions data (based on winter season day ) are required. In addition, this inventory should be consistent with EPA’s most recent guidance on emission inventories for nonattainment areas available at the time and should include emissions during the time period associated with the monitoring data showing at tainment. New Jersey

submitted a limited maintenance plan (L MP) which included calendar ye ar 2007 emissions inventory . The 2007 emissions inventory is also classified as the attainment y ear inventory for the LMP. New Jersey has elected 2007 because it i s the attainment y ear base y ear that will be used for LMP and 2007 represents the one of the ye ars of violation
- free monitored data in the area. The inventory included peak wintertime daily emissions from stationary point, stationary area, off
- highway mob ile, and highway

mobile sources of CO. These emission estimates were prepared in accordance with EPA guidance. **B. CO Limited Maintenance Plan Requirements**  1. Select a calendar ye ar which shows violation
- free data and develop an emissions inventory based on that year for the CO nonattainment area. This is considered as the attainment y ear inventory
. **Yes, NJ selected calendar year 2007. See Section IV of Final SIP Revisions for the**  **Attainment and Maintenance of the 8 -**  **Hour CO NAAQS CO Maintenance and Monitor ing**  **Plan , June 2015 hereafter referred to as “NJ SIP 2015.”** 6

2. Emissions are based on winter season daily emissions for CO. **Yes, See Section IV of NJ SIP 2015.**
3. Inventory

must be reported in the prescribed format as indicated in the most recent inventory guidance. ( **For details, see Section C**  **.)** 4. Provide an explanation on how the point, area, nonroad mobile and onroad mobile source inventory are developed. **See Yes, see Appendix III, Attachment 3, of NJ SIP 2015.**

**C. Essential Summary Tables for Attainment Y**  **ear Inventory** For clarity , please provide the following emission summary tables for the Attainment and End Year Inventories
. Emission I nventory Electronic Reporting Documentation **CO Attainment/Nonattainment Areas** At a minimum, states should ensure that the following is reported to the EPA Regional office. Unless otherwise noted, in each of the following cases we refer the State to pages in the document entitled, **Example Documentation Report for 1990 Base Year Ozo ne and Carbon**  **Monoxide State Implementation Plan Emission Inventories, March 1992**  located at the following website address: **http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/publications.html#general**
1. STATIONARY POI NT SOURCES

- Total winter s eason daily CO emissions from point sources, by county, by nonattainment area (see Table 4

- 3 on page 4

- 11) **Yes, see Appendix III, Attachment 4 of NJ SIP 2015..**

- Summary listing of winter season daily CO point sources emissions by county, by nonattainment area. This listing should include plant name, address, county, control efficiency, SIC code and annual emissions e (see Table 4

- 3 on page 4

- 11)7

**See Excel file 2007 Point by Faclity**  **.xlsx** 2. STATIONARY AREA SOURCES

- Summary of winter season daily CO emissions by area source category, by county, by nonattainment area (see pages 5

- 4 thru 5

- 9) **Yes, see Appendix III, Attachment 6 of NJ SIP 2015..**
3. ON
- ROAD MOBILE SOURCES

- Summary of winter season daily CO on - road mobile source emissions by MOVES Source Type (for Source Types, see Table 2 of the document Using MOVES to Prepare Emission Inventories in State Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity: Technical Guidance for MOVES2010, 2010a and 2010b , April 2012 ) by county, by nonattainment area (see pages 7

- 2 and 7

- 19)

- MOVES model inputs (as either Excel file(s) or MySQL database(s)) outlining current program parameters

- MOVES model o utputs:

- If MOVES is run in “Inventory” mode, supply a copy of the MySQL output database(s)

- If MOVES is run in “Emission Rate” mode, supply a copy of the MySQL output database(s) along with post

- processing files **Yes, see Appendix III, Attachment 3, pag e 15, Table 2, Attachment 7, and Attachment 8,**  **NJ SIP 2015.**
4. NON
- ROAD MOBILE SOURCES

- Summary of winter season daily CO non

- road mobile source emissions by non

road category (for a list of the 14 nonroad categories s ee Section 5.5.2 of Emission Inventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation , dated August 2005), by county, by nonattainment area (see page 5

- 6)

- The summary reports mentioned should be submitted in Microsoft Spreadsheet formats. **Yes, see Appendix III, Attachment 3, pages 16 -**  **25 and Attachment 9A NJ SIP 2015.**8

5. Provide an explanation on how the point, area, nonroad mobile and onroad mobile source inventory are developed. **Yes, see Appendix III, Attachment 3 of NJ SIP 2015.**
**IV. EPA RECOMMENDATIONS**  EPA is approving the inventory portion of the CO Limited Main tenance Plan inventory for the counties of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Union and Passaic counties. A more detailed discussion of how the emission inventory was reviewed and the results are presented in **Section II**  of the technical support document (TSD). The f ollowing table presents a summary of the 2007 CO winter season daily emissions estimates in tons per winter day

for the counties of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Union and Passaic counties. See table below. **2007 Attainment Inventory for the NJ Portion of the N**  **ew York -**  **Northern New Jersey -**  **Long Island 5 -**  **County CO Nonattainment Area**  **(Tons/Peak Winter Season Day) County**  **Point**

**S ource**  **s Area**  **Sources Onroad**  **Mobile Sources**  **N o**  **n r**  **o a**  **d**

**M obile**  **Sources TO**  **TAL** Bergen 1
. 8 2 14 .7 5 34 6.29 13 9.60 50 2.47 E s s e x 5
. 5 2 12 .9 3 19 8.99 75.20 29 2.64 Hud son 2
. 4 6 10 .0 5 11 1.77 35.70 15 9.97 Passa ic 0
. 3 2 6
. 5 2 14 4.70 42.30 19 3.84 Un ion 4
. 1 8 8
. 3 1 16 9.18 53.60 23 5.27 **T o**  **t a**  **l 14.30**  **52 .5**  **6 97**  **0.93 34**  **6.50 1,38**  **4.19**9



## II. **New Jersey 2007 CO Base Year Emissions Inventory**  **SIP for the NJ Portion of the New York -**  **Northern New Jersey**  **- Long Island 5**  **- County**  **CO Nonattainment Areas** 10

**I. PREFACE**  This document is to support EPA's approval of a revision to the New Jersey State Implementation Plan (SIP) which pertains to the following: Where applicable, 2007 base year inventory winter season daily emissions for CO for the NJ Portion of the New York
- Northern New Jersey
- Long Island area which includes the following counties: Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Union and Passaic counties. This TSD contains a detailed review of New Jersey’s 2007 CO base ye ar emission inventory submittal. Among the topics discussed below are the recent history and criteria for approval and EPA’s final recommendations.
**II. BACKGROUND**  Section s 182(a) (1) and (2) of the Clean Air Act require the periodic submission of base inventory for SI P planning purposes to address the pollutants fo r the eight hour
- ozone, PM2.5 and CO National Ambient Air Quality Standards ( NAAQS
. )
. Id entify ing the base y ear gives certaint y to s tates that are require d to submi t of the ozone, PM2.5 and CO emission inventories periodicall y. These requirements allow t he EPA, based on the states’ progress in reducing emissions, to periodically reassess its policies and air quality standards and revise them as necessary . Most important, the ozone, PM2.5 and CO inventories will be used to develop and assess new control s trategies that the states will need to submit in their attainment demonstration SI Ps for the new NAAQS for ozone, PM2.5 and for CO. The base ye ar inventory may also serve as part of statewide inventories for purposes of regional modeling in transport area s. The base ye ar inventory

play s an important role in modeling demonstrations for areas classified as nonattainment and outside transport regions. For the reasons stated above, ideally EPA would therefore emphasize the importance and benefits of developi ng a comprehensive, current, and accurate ozone, PM2.5 and CO emission inventory (similar to the 1990 base y ear inventory effort). In this case, the 2007 base year has been selected as the inventory that will be used for planning purposes for the NJ Porti on of the New York
- Northern New Jersey
- Lo ng Island CO nonattainment area.
**III. CRITERIA FOR APPROVAL**  There are general and specific components of an acceptable emission inventory . In general, the State must submit a revision to its SI P and the emission inventory must meet the minimum requirements for reporting b y source category. Specificall y, the source requirements are detailed below. The Level I and II review process is used to determine that all components of the base ye ar inventory are present. The review also evaluates the level of supporting documentation provided11

by the State and assesses whether the emissions were developed according to current EPA or acceptable alternative guidance. The data quality is also evaluated. The Level III review process is outlined here and consists of points that the inventory must adequatel y address. For a base ye ar emission inventory to be acceptable it must pass all of the following acceptance criteria: 1. Adequate docum entation must be provided that enabled the reviewer to determine the e mission estimation procedures and the data sources used to develop the inventory
. 2. Evidence that the inventory was qualit y assured b y the state and its implementation documented. 3. The point source inventory must be complete. 4. Point source emissions must have been prepared or calculated according to the current EPA guidance. 5. The area source inventory must be complete. 6. The area source emissions must have been prepared or calculated acco rding to the current EPA guidance. 7. Non
- road mobile emissions were prepared according to current EPA guidance for all of the source categories. 8. The method (e.g., HPMS or a network transportation planning model) used to develop VMT estimates must follow EP A guidance. The VMT development methods must be adequatel y described and documented in the inventory report.12

9. The MOVES model must be correctl y used to produce the on
- road emission inventory
. **IV. DETAILED ACTION AND EVALUATION** 
This TSD contains a detail discussion and summary of the review conducted by EPA for, where applicable, the 2007 base y ear inventory winter season daily

emissions for CO for the NJ Portion of the New York
- Northern New Jersey
- Long Island CO nonattainment area.

**A. Details on**  **How New Jersey Meets Criteria 1 for the Quality Assurance Plan Quality Assurance Plan Implementation**  The Quality

Assurance (QA) plan was implemented for all portions of the inventory . The QA plan included a QA/Quality control (QC) program for assessing data completeness and standard range checking. Critical data elements relative to the inventory sources were assessed for completeness. QA checks were performed relative to data collection and analy sis, and double counting of emissions from point, area a nd mobile sources. QA/QC checks were conducted to ensure accuracy

of units, unit conversions, transposition of figures, and calculations. The QA plan for the inventory

was performed in accordance with section 6.0 of Emission I nventory Guidance for Impleme ntation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation , dated August 2005 and Example Documentation Report for 1990 Base Year for ozone and CO SI P Emissions I nventories , March 1992. **See Appendix III, Attachment 3 of Section VI of Fin**  **al SIP Revisions for the Attainment and Maintenance of the 8**  **- Hour CO NAAQS CO Maintenance and Monitoring Plan**  **, June 2015 hereafter referred to as “NJ SIP 2015.”** 
**B. Details on How New Jersey Meets Criteria 2 and 3 for the Point Source Inventory**  **Point Sourc e Inventory**  New Jersey ’s inventory

includes major point sources based on the following thresholds for each pollutant in tons per y ear (tpy ): 100 tpy or more of CO. The inventory report describes how point source activit y levels and their associated parame ters were developed, and how the data were used to calculate emission estimates. The report provides referenced documents for activity level and emission factors used. Information on how rule effectiveness and control efficiencies were derived (with the associated sample calculations) is also provided. Plant summary information on detailed, plant, county and nonattainment area levels, are included in the inventory . Where applicable, winter season dail y emissions are provided for the CO nonattainment are a. The inventory was developed in accordance with section 5.3 of Emission Inventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional13

Haze Regulation , dated August 2005 and Example Documentation Report for 1990 Base Year for o zone and CO SI P Emissions I nventories , March 1992, **See Appendix III, Attachment 3 of NJ SIP 2015. C.**  **Details on How New Jersey Meets Criteria 4 and 5 for the Area Source Inventory Area Source Inventory**  The inventory

lists the source categories that are in cluded in (and excluded from) from the area source inventory . The inventory documentation includes emissions factors, activity levels, seasonal adjustment factors, and sample calculations. Referenced information for the input values to equations is inclu ded. Point source contributions have been correctly factored out of the area source category

totals where appropriate. Rule effectiveness, control efficiency and rule penetration were correctly applied for several source categories and a discussion as to the basis for application is provided. Area source emissions are presented on a source category , count y basis. Where applicable, winter season daily emissions are provided for CO nonattainment areas. The inventory

was developed in accordance with secti on 5.4 of Emission I nventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation , dated August 2005 and Example Documentation Report for 1990 Base Year for ozone and CO SI P Emissions I nventories , March 1992, **See Appendix III, Attachment 3 of NJ SIP 2015.** 
**D. Details on How New Jersey Meets Criteria 7 for Non Road Mobile Source Inventory**  **Nonroad Mobile Source Inventory** For the New Jersey , the predominant non
- road mobile source categories (i.e., agricultural equipment, construction equipment, industrial equipment, airport service equipment, light commercial equipment, lawn and garden equipment...etc.) were developed by th e Nonroad Emissions Equipment Model 2008 (Nonroad2008, July 2009 version) released by EPA's Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ). Nonroad mobile source emissions are presented on a source category , count y basis. Where applicable, winter season daily emissions are provided for CO nonattainment areas. The inventory was developed in accordance with section 5.5.2 of Emission I nventory

Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation , dated August 2005 an d Example Documentation Report for 1990 Base Year for ozone and CO SI P Emissions I nventories , March 1992, **See Appendix III, Attachment 3 and Attachments 9a/9b of NJ SIP 2015. Aircraft Emissions**  Aircraft emissions for are provided for CO were calculated based on the number of landing and takeoffs (LTO) cy cles generated at each airport. These values were used as inputs to the Emissions and Dispersion Modeling S ys tem, the Federal Aviation Agency modeling tool. Aircraft source emissions are presented on a source category , count y basis. Where applicable, winter season daily

emissions are provided for CO nonattainment areas. The inventory was14

developed in accordance with section 5.5.2 of Emission I nventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation , dated August 2005 and Example Documentation Report for 1990 Base Year for ozone and CO SIP Emissions Inventories , March 1992, **See Appendix III, Attachment 3 and Attachments 9a/9b of NJ SIP 2015. Locomotive**  **Em issions**  Locomotives emissions for CO were calculated based on the estimated fuel consumption for individual railroad sy stems operating in New Jersey . NJDEP received specific fuel use data from Class II and III, ya rd/switch, freight and commuter locomoti ve railroads. An estimation of fuel consumption based on gross ton miles and fuel consumption indexes were prepared for those railroads that did not submit statewide fuel data. For Class I line haul locomotives, NJ used Class I line haul county

level emi ssions used from the ERTAC 2008 inventory that was developed for the MARAMA States. Annual emissions were estimated and then divided by 365 day s. Locomotive source emissions are presented on a source category , county basis. Where applicable, CO winter sea son emissions are provided for CO nonattainment areas. The inventory was developed in accordance with section 5.5.2 Emission I nventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation , dated August 2005 and Exa mple Documentation Report for 1990 Base Year for ozone and CO SI P Emissions I nventories , March 1992, **See Appendix III, Attachment 3 and Attachments 9a/9b of NJ SIP 2015. Commercial Marine Vessel Emissions**  Commercial marine vessel (CMV) emissions for CO for the Northern New Jersey area were taken from the CMV emissions inventory report prepared by

Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC. The inventory

report relied on actual operational data and then used local activity parameters to extend emission estimates to those portions of the CMV not directly inventoried. From this information, emission estimates were prepared based on estimated horsepower demand. The inventory is based on calendar y ear 2000. NJ projected these emissions from 2000 to 2007 using NJ/NJ P ort Authority

trade statistics. CMV source emissions are presented on a source category , county basis. Annual emissions were estimated and then divided by 365 day s. Where applicable, winter season daily

emissions are provided for CO 5 nonattainment areas. The inventory was developed in accordance with section 5.5.2 Emission I nventory Guidance for I mplementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation , dated August 2005 and Example Documentation Report for 1990 Base Year for ozone and CO SIP Emissions Inventories , March 1992, **See Appendix III, Attachment 3 and Attachments 9a/9b of NJ SIP 2015.**
**E. Details on How New Jersey Meets Criteria 8 and 9 for the Onroad Source Inventory**  **Onroad Mobile Source Inventory** New Jersey ’s mobile sou rce inventory was developed by

first using the North Jersey15

Transportation Planning Authority ’s North Jersey Regional Transportation Model
- Enhanced travel demand model (TDM) as the basis for estimating count y level vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and speeds. New Jersey then used the PPSUITE custom pre
- processing software to prepare the VMT and other required inputs, and to run the MOVES2010a model to generate the on - road emission inventory
. This method used to determine on
- road emission estimates has been explained in the report. The report describes how the following key MOVES inputs were developed:

 Source ty

pe age distribution  Distribution of VMT by road ty pe  Fraction of vehicle hours travelled (VHT) on highway ramps  Source ty

pe population  Inspection and maintenance program  NJ L ow - emission vehicle program  Distribution of average speeds b y source t ype and road type  Meteorology  Fuel parameters On
- road CO emissions are presented b y count y and source t ype. The inventory was developed in accordance with Using MOVES to Prepare Emission I nventories in State Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity : Technical Guidance for MOVES2010, 2010a and 2010b , dated April 2012 and Example Documentation Report for 1990 Base Year for ozone and CO SI P Emissions I nven tories , March 1992. The use of MOVES2010a is appropriate as this SI P was developed prior to the release of MOVES2014. **See Appendix III, Attachment 3, Attachment 7, and Attachment 8 of NJ SIP 2015.**
**EPA RECOMMENDATION** New Jersey

has a SIP that will ensur e that the requirements of emission inventory measures and reporting are adequatel y met. To comply with the emission inventory requirements, the State submitted a complete inventory containing point, area, on
- road, and non
- road mobile source data, and acc ompan yi ng documentation. The SI P submittal does not present any particular issues associated with enforceability
. EPA is approving this SIP submittal as meeting the essential reporting requirements for an Emission I nventory . The following table presents a summary of the 2007 CO winter season daily emissions estimates in tons per winter day for the counties of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Union and Passaic counties. See table below.16 **2007 Attainment Inventory for the NJ Portion of the New York**  **- Northern New Jersey**  **- Long Island 5**  **- County**  **CO Nonattainment Area (Tons/Peak Winter Season Day)**  **County Point** 

**S ource**  **s Area**  **Sources Onroad**  **Mobile Sources**  **N o**  **n r**  **o a**  **d**

**M obile**  **Sources TO**  **TAL**
B erg en 1
. 8 2 14 .7 5 34 6.29 13 9.60 50 2.47 E s s e x 5
. 52 12 .9 3 19 8.99 75.20 29 2.64 Hud son 2
. 46 10 .0 5 11 1.77 35.70 15 9.97 Passa ic 0
. 32 6
. 5 2 14 4.70 42.30 19 3.84 Un ion 4
. 18 8
. 3 1 16 9.18 53.60 23 5.27 **T o**  **t a**  **l 14.30**  **52 .5**  **6 97**  **0.93 34**  **6.50 1,38**  **4.19**17



## III. **CO Maintenance Area Monitor shut downs**18

IN TRODUCTION This Technical Support Document evaluates the State of New Jersey ’s formal revision to its carbon monoxide (CO) maintenance plan, in which New Jersey proposes to revise its State Implementation Plan (SIP) to permit the shutdown of the Burlington, Freehold, Morristown, Perth Amboy , and East Orange CO monitoring sites. BACKGROUND On September 28, 1995, the State of New Jersey submitted a formal CO redesignation request for Camden County

and the nine Not
- Classified Areas in the State (the Cit y of Atlantic City , the City of Burlington, the Borough of Freehold, the Town of Morristown, the Borough of Penns Grove, the City

of Perth Amboy , the Borough of Somerville, the Toms River Area, and the City of Trenton). On February 5, 1996 the U.S. EPA redesignated the se areas to attainment for the CO NAAQS and approved New Jersey ’s 10 ye ar maintenance plan for these areas (61 FR 33678). In 2006, New Jersey submitted a second 10 y ear maintenance plan to show how these areas would continue to attain the CO standard for an additional 10 y ears. This maintenance plan was a Limited Maintenance Plan. This is a less restrictive plan since the areas met the requirement of having a CO design value equal to or less than 85% of the CO standard. For additional information, the r eader is referred to 71 FR 26895 and 71 FR 38770. Since that time, there have been no violations of the CO NAAQS of 9 ppm (8 hour average) or 35 ppm (1 hour average) in these areas, and CO is trending downward to a level less than 1/3 the NAAQS (see Graph 1.) In addition, on January

15, 2002, the State of New Jersey submitted a formal CO redesignation request for the New Jersey portion of the New York
- Northern New Jersey
- Long Island (NY NNJ LI ) CO area. On October 22, 2002 the U.S. EPA redesignated this ar ea to attainment for the CO NAAQS and approved New Jersey ’s 10 y ear maintenance plan for the area. For additional information, the reader is referred to 67 FR 54601 and 67 FR 54574. The accompan yi ng Federal Register notice proposes to approve New Jersey ’ s second 10 y ear maintenance plan showing how this area would continue to attain the CO standard for an additional 10 y ears. This maintenance plan is a L imited Maintenance Plan. This is a less restrictive plan since the areas met the requirement of havin g a CO design value equal to or less than 85% of the CO standard. Since that first maintenance plan, there have been no violations of the CO NAAQS of 9 ppm (8 hour average) or 35 ppm (1 hour average) in that area, and CO is trending downward to a level le ss than 1/3 the NAAQS (see Graph 1)
. On August 2, 2010, New Jersey submitted their “New Jersey Ambient Air Monitoring Network Assessment 2010” to EPA. This document described New Jersey ’s ambient air monitoring network and also detailed proposed changes and the rational e for them. In this document, New Jersey provided a site
- by
- site anal ys is used in order to perform their network assessment. A scoring scheme and final network rankings were used to help New Jersey make modifications to their ambient air monitoring network. The reasoning behind these requested CO monitor shutdowns are included in that submittal. On February 8 , 2016, New Jersey submitted an addendum to their 2 nd CO maintenance plan SI P requesting to also shut down their East Orange CO moni toring site.19

EVALUATION OF NEW JERSEY’S SUBMI TTAL On June 11, 2015, the State of New Jersey submitted a formal revision to its SI P to shut down the Burlington, Freehold, Morristown, and Perth Amboy CO monitoring sites (see Figure 1)
. These are “sole poll utant” sites, monitoring only CO. The SI P revision consists of a modification to New Jersey ’s CO maintenance plan for these CO monitoring sites. On February 8, 2016, the State of New Jersey submitted an addendum to their 2 nd CO maintenan ce plan SI P reque sting the shut down of their East Orange CO monitoring site. The New Jersey

Department of Environmental Protection submittal explains that considerable resources are utilized each y ear to cover the lease agreements with the property owners, maintenance of the monitoring site and equipment, phone, electricity , travel to and from the sites from the main office in Trenton, and staff time to conduct routine and emergency maintenance. The New Jersey

Department of Environmental Protection asserts and EPA agrees that a ll of these resources could better be used elsewhere in the state’s monitoring program. CO levels have been falling in Burlington, Freehold, Morristown, Perth Amboy , and East Orange since the earl y 1980s (see Figures 2

– 7.) The NAAQS of 9 ppm (8 hour average) has not been violated 1 since 1986, and current readings of the design value are in the 2 to 3 ppm range, and have been for the past three (3) ye ars. Most of the CO reduction has been due to “fleet turnover,” with newer, cleaner motor vehicles making up an increasing share of the fleet, and this trend is likely to continue in the future. In addition to the downward trend shown b y the monitoring data, the state performed mobile source modeling and conformity anal ys es which predict that winter t ime CO concentrations in Burlington, Freehold, Morristown, Perth Amboy , and East Orange will remain below the CO Conformity

Budget levels out into the future (See Table 1)
. The Burlington anal ys is extends to 2020 while the Freehold, Morristown, and Perth Amboy anal ys is extends to 2014. I n their addendum on February 8 , 2016, New Jersey provided mobile source emission modeling and conformity

anal ys es performed by

the North Jersey

Transportation Planning Auth orit y which predicted that CO emissions in Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Passaic and Union counties will remain below the approved CO Conformity Budgets through 2040. (See Table 2)
. To use its resources more prudently , and because of the low concentrations and d ownward CO trend, the state requests permission to cease monitoring for CO in Burlington, Freehold, Morristown, and Perth Amboy . New Jersey DEP will continue monitoring for CO at the nearb y Camden and Elizabeth Lab sites. New Jersey DEP will use the Camd en CO data as a surrogate for Burlington and will use the Elizabeth Lab CO data as a surrogate for Freehold, Morristown, Perth Amboy , and East Orange (See Figures 2

– 7 comparing CO levels in those groups of cities. EPA notes that the five (5) other CO no t classified maintenance areas (Somerville, Trenton, Penns Grove, Toms River, and Atlantic City ) currently do not have CO monitoring sites. In this SI P submittal , NJ is requesting that EPA modify a portion of the federall y approved New 1 A CO violation is defined as the 2 nd exceedance of the standard at the same site during the same calendar year.20

Jersey CO maintenan ce plan. That approved maintenance plan obligates the State to select a contingency

threshold or ‘trigger,’ such as a monitored CO exceedance or violation, and commit to implementing the appropriate contingency measure once the threshold is exceeded. Thi s modification is an additional trigger that will cause NJ to re
- establish their shutdown sites in the event that a surrogate site exceeds 75% of either of the CO standards twice in 1 calendar year, as outlined below. What happens if the modified (75%) contingency trigger is exceeded at a surrogate site?

 In the event the second
- highest CO concentration in any calendar y ear, as monitored at the Camden site, reaches 75 percent of either the federal 1
- hour or 8
- hour NAAQS for CO, New Jersey

will, within 9 months of recording such concentrations, re
- establish a CO monitoring site in Burlington consistent with EPA siting criteria, and resume anal yz ing and reporting those data.

 In the event the second
- highest CO concentration in any calendar y ear, as monitore d at the Elizabeth L ab site, reaches 75 percent of either the federal 1
- hour or 8
- hour NAAQS for CO, New Jersey

will, within 9 months of recording such concentrations, re
- establish CO monitoring sites in Freehold, Morristown, Perth Amboy , and East Orange c onsistent with EPA siting criteria, and resume anal yz ing and reporting those data. What happens is there is a violation of the CO standard at an y site? In addition to the re
- establishing of the shutdown sites:

 New Jersey

is proposing to implement its contingency program for Burlington in the event that a CO violation of either the federal 1
- hour or 8
- hour NAAQS is monitored at the Camden site in an y year during the 1996

– 2016 maintenance period and to consider one or more of the other EPA
- approved measures if necessary
.
 New Jersey

is proposing to implement its contingency program for Freehold, Morristown, Perth Amboy, and East Orange in the event that a CO violation of either the federal 1
- hour or 8
- hour NAAQS is monitored at the Elizabeth L ab site in any y ear during the 1996

– 2016 maintenance period and to consider one or more of the other EPA
- approved measures if necessary
.
 New Jersey

will also continue to commit to implement its contingency program at the s urrogate sites in the event that a CO violation is monitored at an y of the re
- established monitoring sites at an y time during the 1996

– 2016 maintenance period, and to consider one or more of the other EPA
- approved measures listed in their contingency pla n if necessary to reduce CO levels. When implementing contingency measures, New Jersey

will review and implement the measures necessary to remed y the violation, including transportation control measures (TCM), and other additional vehicle or fuel controls . These measures will remain in effect until the CO monitors in question show that the areas are in attainment of the CO standards.21

CONCL USION The State of New Jersey

submitted a formal revision to its SI P to shut down the Burlington, Freehold, Morrist own, and Perth Amboy CO monitoring sites. These sites only monitor CO. The State also submitted a formal revision to its 2 nd maintenance plan SI P to shut down the East Orange CO monitoring site. These SIP revisions consist of a modification to New Jerse y’s CO maintenance plan for these CO monitoring sites. EPA concurs that NJDEP’s proposal to shutdown CO monitors in certain CO maintenance areas is sufficientl y supported by the following reasons:  CO concentrations have continuously decreased over the pas t 25 y ears,  Mobile source emissions, the major contributor to ambient concentrations of CO, are projected to continue to decrease as cleaner cars replace older vehicles, and  New Jersey

committed to reestablish these monitoring sites if CO concentrations ar e measured at concentrations over 75% of the existing standard. EPA agrees that New Jersey DEP’s proposal represents a reasonable plan modification and approach for shutting down specific CO monitors that are currentl y measuring concentrations well below the existing 1
- hour and 8
- hour CO NAAQS. The alternative method that New Jersey adopted as a contingency triggering mechanism is an appropriate part of its CO maintenance plan. Under these revised plans, EPA believes air quality goals will be maintaine d, and State monitoring resources conserved. SI P Revision Recommendation : Approval22 

### ATTACHMENTS23 

### Figure 1.24 

### Figure 2. **All NJ CO Monitor Sites**

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0**P a** **r t** **s P** **e r** **M i** **l l** **i o** **n**

**Year**



## 2nd Highes **t 1 -**  **hr CO Concentr ations**  Camden Ancora S.H. East Orange Elizabeth Elizabeth Lab Fort Lee Freehold Hackensack Jersey City Morristown Perth Amboy Burlington Newark 1-Hr Standard

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0**P a** **r t** **s P** **e r** **M i** **l l** **i o** **n**

**Year**



## 2nd Highes **t 8 -**  **hr CO Concentr ations**  Camden Ancora S.H. East Orange Elizabeth Elizabeth Lab Fort Lee Freehold Hackensack Jersey City Morristown Perth Amboy Burlington Newark 8-Hr Standard25 

### Figure 3. **Camden CO site surrogate for Burlington CO site**

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0**P a** **r t** **s P** **e r** **M i** **l l** **i o** **n**

**Year**

**2nd Highest 1 -**  **hr CO Concentrations Camden/Burlington** 

Camden Burlington Newark

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0**P a** **r t** **s P** **e r** **M i** **l l** **i o** **n**

**Year**

**2nd Highest 8 -**  **hr CO Concentrations Camden/Burlington** 

Camden Burlington Newark26 

### Figure 4. **Elizabeth Lab CO site surrogate for Freehold CO site** 

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0**P a** **r t** **s P** **e r** **M i** **l l** **i o** **n**

**Year**

**2nd Highest 1 -**  **hr CO Concentrations Elizabeth Lab/Freehold** 

Elizabeth Lab Freehold 1-Hr Standard

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0**P a** **r t** **s P** **e r** **M i** **l l** **i o** **n**

**Year**

**2nd Highest 8 -**  **hr CO Concentrations Elizabeth Lab/Freehold** 

Elizabeth Lab Freehold 8-Hr Standard27 

### Figure 5. **Elizabeth Lab CO site surrogate for Morristown CO site**

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0**P a** **r t** **s P** **e r** **M i** **l l** **i o** **n**

**Year**

**2nd Highest 1 -**  **hr CO Concentrations Elizabeth Lab/Morristown** 

Elizabeth Lab Morristown 1-Hr Standard

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0**P a** **r t** **s P** **e r** **M i** **l l** **i o** **n**

**Year**

**2nd Highest 8 -**  **hr CO Concentrations Elizabeth Lab/Morristown** 

Elizabeth Lab Morristown 8-Hr Standard28 

### Figure 6. **Elizabeth Lab CO site surrogate for Perth Amboy CO site**

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0**P a** **r t** **s P** **e r** **M i** **l l** **i o** **n**

**Year**

**2nd Highest 1 -**  **hr CO Concentrations Elizabeth Lab/Perth Amboy** 

Elizabeth Lab Perth Amboy 1-Hr Standard

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0**P a** **r t** **s P** **e r** **M i** **l l** **i o** **n**

**Year**

**2nd Highest 8 -**  **hr CO Concentrations Elizabeth Lab/Perth Amboy** 

Elizabeth Lab Perth Amboy 8-Hr Standard29 

### Figure 7.30 

### Table 1. **Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Mobile Sources**  The following CO budgets were approved on February 5, 1996 when the U.S. EPA redesignated these areas to attainment for the CO NAAQS and approved New Jersey ’s 10 y ear maintenance plan for these areas (61 FR 33678). Burlington City Year VM T CO Emissions (tons/day ) CO Budget (tons/day ) 2007 12,209,000 154.90 170.43 2010 12,540,100 135.93 170.43 2020 13,788,500 119.12 170.43 **Source:** Transportation Conformity of the DVRPC FY 2007 Transportation Improvement Programs and the Destination 2030 Long Range Transportation Plan, May 2006 Perth Amboy Year VMT CO Emissions (tons/day ) CO Budget (tons/day ) 2007 17,485,354 244.59 244.99 2014 19,814,012 203.95 244.99 Freehold Year VMT CO Emissions (tons/day ) CO Budget (tons/day ) 2007 15,703,237 219.68 231.55 2014 16,418,941 169.52 231.55 Morristown Year VMT CO Emissions (tons/day ) CO Budget (tons/day ) 2007 14,735,071 209.88 244.05 2014 15,591,325 162.57 244.05 **Source:** The Northern New Jersey Air Quality Conformity Determination of the 2005 Regional Transportation Plan and the FY 2007
- 2010 Transportation Improvement Program, June 200631 

### Table 2. **Carbon Monoxide (CO) Budget for Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Passaic, and Union Counties**  YEAR PROJECTED DAILY

VMT PROJECTED CO

EMI SSI ONS (tons/day ) CO BUDGET (tons/day ) 2015 59,953,733 362 899 2025 64,285,191 204 899 2030 66,566,894 160 899 2040 71,376,130 131 899