FI L ED U.S. COURT OF APPEAL S EL EVENTHCI RCUI T APRI L12, 2012 J OHN L EY CL ERK [DO N OT PUBLISH] IN THE UN ITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELE VENTH CIRCUIT

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ No. 1 1- 15 51 0 Non -Arg um en t Ca le nd ar

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ D.C. Dock etNos . 9: 10 -tp -8 00 03 -DMM -1 , 9: 10 -tp -8 00 41 -DMM -1 UNITED STAT ES OF AMERIC A, ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Pl ai nt iff -Ap pe ll ee, ve rs us PHILIP FUR INO, ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll D efen da nt -Ap pe ll an t.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ App eal fro m

th e Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co urt forth e So ut he rnDis tri ctof F lo rid a

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (Ap ril 12 , 20 12 ) Befo re BARKETT, PRYOR an d KRAVITC H, Circ ui t Jud ge s. PER CURI AM: Ph il ip Furin o app eal s t he di st ric t co urt’s re vo cat io n o f hi s s up erv is edrel eas e an d h is res ul ti ng term

of i m pr is on m en t. He arg ue s t ha t t he re was in su ffi ci en tev id en ce t o e st ab li sh th athe vi ol at edth e co nd it io ns of h is supe rv is edrel eas e.

Afte r a tho ro ug h re vi ew, we affi rm . In19 92 , Fur in o was co nv ic te d o f co ns pi racy to d is tri bu te co cai ne an d se nt en cedto 21 0 m on th s’ im pr is on m en t an d 5 y ears of s up erv is edrel eas e. Whi le se rv in g h is sen te nc e, Furin o was ch arg edwith a ndpl ead edgu il ty to p os se ss io n wit h i nt en t t o d is tri bu te m ari juan a an d p os se ss io n o f m ari juan a whi le anin m at e. He was sen te nc edto si x m on th s’ im pr is on m en t t o ru n c on se cu ti ve ly to t he pri or se nt en ce an d t hr ee years o f supe rv is edrel eas e. Fur in o c om pl et edhi s p ris on term s 1 in 20 09 an d h is pe rio d o f supe rv is edrel eas e co m m en ced . On J ul y 27 , 20 10 , Fur in o t es te d p os it iv e fo r co cai ne us e. He lat er s ig ne d a n adm is si on -o f-dru g- us e fo rm , adm it ti ng th athe sm ok edin cen se th ro ug h acrac k pi pe . In Dec em

be r 20 10 , Fur in o was arres te d fo r vi ol at in g t he term s o f hi s supe rv is edrel eas e. The p ro ba ti on off ic er i de nt ifi edsev envi ol at io ns , in cl ud in g th e u se of c oc ai ne (vi ol at io n 1 ) an d p os se ss io n wi th in te ntto sel l p res cri pt io n p il ls (v io la ti on 2). Fu rin o a dm it te d a ll bu t v io la ti on s 1 an d 2 . At th e rev oc at io n h eari ng , th e di st ric t co urt h eardev id en ce tha t Fu rin o h adtes te d p os it iv e fo r co cai ne . Prob at io n The judgment and convic tion did not s pecif y whether the supervise d rele ase te rm was 1 to run conc urre ntly

with, or consec utive to, the five-year term F urino alre ady

fac ed. 2Offi cer P eg gy Bates tes ti fie d t ha t Fu rin o h adtes te d p os it iv e fo r m ari juan a o n t wo pr ev io us oc cas io ns bu t t ha t t he pro ba ti on off ic e tr eat edth es e v io la ti on s wi th dru g co un se li ng . Bate s ex pl ai ne d t ha t af te r th e p os it iv e dru g t es t o n J ul y 27 , Fur in o to ldhe r th athe ha d s m ok edanhe rb al bl en d c al le d “ Mr. Ni ce Gu y ” u si ng so m eo ne el se ’s pi pe . He des cri be d t he pi pe as agl as s p ip e wit h abo wl i n i t. Fu rin o d en ie d us in g c oc ai ne an d s ta te d t ha t “ un be kn own to m e th e p ers on us edcrac k afew d ay s earl ie r an d t he res idue cau se d m e to sh ow p os it iv e fo r co cai ne .” Marti n B ig en ho , th e p ro ba ti on off ic er as si st an t wh o c on du ct edFurin o’s drug scr een in g, t es ti fie d t ha t Fu rin o t es te d p os it iv e fo r co cai ne . He adm it te d t ha t itwas p os si bl e fo r a p ers onto tes t p os it iv e b y sm ok in g i nc en se th ro ug h s om eo ne el se ’s crackpi pe . He exp la in edth atth e sc reen in g t es t co ul d n otdi st in gu is h be twee n s om eo ne who sm ok eda li tt le co cai ne th e n ig htbe fo re an d s om eo ne who ha d s m ok eda lo t o f co cai ne a weekearl ie r. The go ve rn m en t t he n p res en te d e vi de nc e o f vi ol at io n 2 , sp eci fic al ly tha t po li ce co nduc ti ng a tr affi c st op fou ndnu m ero us pi ll bo tt le s i n the car. The bo tt le s were i n F ur in o’s an d o th er p eo pl es ’ na m es . Pol ic e al so fou nda no te bo okwith na m es an d a m ou nt s l is te d, al on g wi th th e wor ds “ m eth” an d “ bl ue ,” whi ch an of fic er t es ti fie d was a ni ckna m e fo r ox y co do ne .

3Fu rin o d idno t t es ti fy at t he rev oc at io n h eari ng . Cou ns el arg ue d tha t t he re was in su ffi ci en t ev id en ce t o e st ab li sh th e v io la ti on s o f supe rv is edrel eas e. The di st ric t co urt fo un d t ha t Fu rin o v io la te d the term s o f hi s re le as e, as ev id en cedby th e p os it iv e dru g t es t. The co urt t he n s ta te d t ha t t he m or e se rio us vi ol at io n was vi ol at io n 2 , th e sa le of p res cri pt io n p il ls , andth e ev id en ce was su ffi ci en t t o es tabl is h t ha t v io la ti on as we ll . The co urt t he n s en te nc edFurin o t o 3 6 m on th s’ im pr is on m en t. Thi s i s Fu rin o’s ap pe al . W e rev ie w th e d is tri ctco urt’s re vo cat io n o f supe rv is edrel eas e fo r anab us e of di sc ret io n. Uni te d Sta tes v. Velas qu ezVela sq ue z , 52 4 F .3d12 48 , 12 52 (11 th Ci r. 20 08 ). Even if t he di st ric t co urt co m m it s an erro r, th e se nt en ce s ho ul d b e affi rm edif t he erro r was ha rm le ss . Uni te d Sta tes v. Ma th en ia , 40 9 F .3d12 89 , 12 91 –9 2 (1 1t h C ir. 2 00 5) . “A no n- co ns ti tu ti on al erro r is ha rm le ss if, v ie win g t he pr oc eed in gs in th ei r en ti ret y , a co urt d et erm in es th atth e err ordi d n otaffe ctth e se nt en ce, o r ha d b utve ry sl ig hteffe ct .” Id. at 1 29 2 (q uo ta ti on s an d a lt erat io n om it te d) . W e m ay

affi rm on any ade qu at e g ro un d, re ga rd le ss of wh ethe r itis on e on whi ch th e d is tri ctco urt re li ed . Uni te d Sta tes v. S ama ni eg o , 34 5 F .3d12 80 , 12 83 (11 th Cir . 20 03 ). A di st ric t co urt m ay

rev ok e a t erm

of s up erv is edif i t “ fin ds by a pr ep on de ran ce o f th e ev id en ce tha t t he de fen da ntvi ol at eda co nd it io n o f 4supe rv is edrel eas e.” 1 8 U.S.C. § 35 83 (e)( 3) . A dis tri ctco urt’s fi nd in gs m ad e ata

rev oc at io n p ro ceed in g are b in di ng un le ss cle arl y erro ne ou s. Uni te d Sta tes v. Alma nd , 99 2 F .2d31 6, 3 18 (11 th Cir . 19 93 ). “ The cred ib il ity of awitne ss is in th e pr ov in ce o f th e fac tfi nd er an d we wi ll no t o rd in ari ly revi ew it s d et erm in at io n o f cred ib il it y .” Uni te d Sta tes v. Br ow n , 41 5 F .3d12 57 , 12 67 (11 th Cir . 20 05 ) (ci ta ti on om it te d) . Here, the di st ric t co urt d idno t cl earl y err i n fi nd in g tha t Fu rin o v io la te d t he te rm s o f hi s re le as e. The u rin al y si s t es t u ne qu iv oc al ly dem on st rat edth atFurin o in ge st edco cai ne , th us est ab li sh in g v io la ti on 1. The co urt re jecte d F ur in o’s as se rti on th athe di d n otkn ow ab ou t t he co cai ne , fin di ng th atitwas u nl ik el y th at he in ge st edco cai ne by sm ok in g i nc en se th ro ug h api pe th at , unbe kn own stto hi m , ha d c oc ai ne res idue in si de . W e g en eral ly w il l n otrev ie w th e d is tri ctco urt’s cred ib il it y

de te rm in at io ns . Se e Bro wn , 41 5 F .3dat 1 26 7. Eve n i f th e d is tri ctco urt erredwith re ga rdto vi ol at io n 1 , th e co urt p ro pe rly rev ok edFurin o’s s up erv is edrel eas e b as edon hi s o th er v io la ti on s. Th e co urt no te d t ha t v io la ti on 2 was th e m or e se rio us off en se , andth e co urt b as edth e 3 6- m on th sen te nc e o n i ts fin di ng th atFurin o h adpo ss es se d wi th in te ntto sel l pr es cri pt io n p il ls an d o n h is lo ng hi st ory of d ru g c on vi ct io ns . Alth ou gh Furin o ch al le ng edth e al le ga ti on s o f vi ol at io n 2 du rin g t he rev oc at io n p ro ceed in gs , he 5do es no t d o s o n ow. Thu s, h e h as ab an do ne d t hi s i ss ue . Uni te d Sta tes v. J erni ga n , 34 1 F .3d12 73 , 12 83 n.8 (11 thCir . 20 03 ). Neve rth el es s, the co urt’s co m m en ts reg ard in g v io la ti on 2 i nd ic at edth atth is vi ol at io n was th e b as is forth e co urt’s be li ef tha t 3 6 m on th s was anap pr op ria te sen te nc e. Acco rd in gl y , we affi rm

th e d is tri ctco urt’s re vo cat io n o f supe rv is edrel eas e an d t he sen te nc e im

po se d upo n re vo cat io n. AFFIRMED.

6