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### FINAL REPOR T TO TH E U.S
. ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO NAGENC Y

CONTRAC T NO
. B4489 9

WIT H

NE WYORK UNIVERSIT YSCHOO L O F MEDICIN E

DEPARTMEN T O F ENVIRONMENTA L MEDICIN E P. 2



### A NINTEGRATE D METABOLI C MODE L FORLEAD INHUMAN S O F AL L AGE S

PRINCIPA L INVESTIGATORS : Naom i H . Harley , Ph.D
. Theodor e H . Kneip , Ph.D
.



### January , 1985P. 3
I

A NINTEGRATE D METABOLI C MODE L FO RLEA D I NHUMAN S O F AL L AGE S INTRODUCTIO N Th e mode l develope d i nthi s repor t utilize s measurement s i n th e infan t an d juvenil e baboo na s wel l a s dat a acquire d i nhuman s t o predic t huma norga nburden s unde r condition s o f continuou s exposure . Measurement s o f bot hstabl e lea d an d th e naturall y occurrin g radioactiv e specie s Pb-21 0 ar e available
. Byutilizin g al l data , a consistent , integrate d metaboli c mode l fo r lea d i s developed
. Dat a necessar yt o completel yvalidat e suc ha mode l fo r human s o f al l age s i s no t availabl e a t th e presen t time
. However , a synthesi s o f th e measurement s i nhuma nan d anima l primate s doe s allo wsom e mode l validation
. METABOLI C MODE L Th e mode l i s show ni nFigur e 1
. I t i s a firs t orde r kineti c mode l fo r al l o f th e organ s (compartments ) considered
. Ther e ar e tw o studie s whic hsuppor t thi s modelin g approach
. Johnso nan d Myer s (1981 ) utilize d thi s techniqu e t o calculat e th e bon e an d sof t tissu e quantitie s o f th e alkalin e earth s calcium , strontium , an d radium
. The yfoun d tha t thi s firs t orde r mode l fi t th e huma n measurement s jus t a s wel l a s mor e comple xmodel s suc ha s tha t presente d i nICR P 2 0 (1972 ) whic hutilize s a mixe d powe r an d exponentia l functio nSuppor t fo r a firs t orde r kineti c mode l wa s demonstrate d b yMallo n(1983 ) wh o measure d live r an d kidne y orga nburden s i nth e infan t an d juvenil e baboo nfollowin g prolonge d lea d feedin g an d showe d tha t the ywer e directl y proportiona l t o bloo d lea d concentration
. Th e concentratio n o f lea d presen t i nbon e wa s proportiona l t o th e produc t o f bloo d lea d concentratio nan d tim e o nlea d feeding
. Thes e observation s substantiat e th e us e o f a firs t orde r kineti c approac hfo r lea d metabo 1 ism
. I t i s wel l know ntha t onl yabou t 1 % o f bloo d lea d i s associate d wit hth e plasm a (th e remainde r bein g boun d t o re d cells , DeSilva , 1981)
. Th e hal f tim e fo r remova l t o re d cell s i s estimate d a s a fe whour s (Desilv a 1981)
. Whil e i t i s probabl y th e plasm a whic hprovide s th e exchangeabl e fractio nfo r th e variou s organs , sinc e cell s an d plasm a remai ni na constan t ratio , bloo d i s treate d a s a singl e compartmen t sinc e n o benefi t i s obtaine d b

yusin g tw o compartments . I nall , ther e ar e fou r compartment s whic har e know nt o contai nove r 95 % o f th e lea d i nth e tota l body , bone , liver , kidne yan d bloo d (Aube t al. , 1926 , Hear d an d Chamberlain , 1984)
. Th e mode l parameter s ar e develope d fro mmeasure d dat a i nhuman s an d baboon s fo r inpu t an d remova l fro meac horga ns o tha t th e mode l agree s wit hobserve d measurement s fo r bot hstead ystat e an d singl e injection s o r ingestions
. Th e equation s whic har e use d t o calculat e orga nburden s are , r* lP. 4

- *
dB/d t = P - C b g xB - C b l xB - C b kxB + C g bxS + C l bxL +

C k b XK~ C b u xB + F xC l g xL

dS / dt c b s xB " C s b xS dL/d t = C b l xB - C l bxL - Cl xL dK/d t = C b kxB - C k bxK

Wher e P = dail yinpu t t o bloo d i nug/da y C 'bs 's b 'bl 'l b 'b k 'k b \b u 'Ig = bloo d t o skeleto nremova l rat e (day s )

= skeleto nt o bloo d remova l rat e "

= bloo d t o live r remova l rat e

= live r t o bloo d remova l rat e
="•* • bloo d t o kidne yremova l rat e

= kidne yt o bloo d remova l rat e

= bloo d t o urin e remova l rat e

= live r t o gastrointestina l trac t

remova l rat e F = fractiona l uptak e fro mgastrointestina l trac t t o

bloo d B,S,L, K = tota l lea d conten t i nblood , skeleton , liver , kidne y

(ug ) Th e orga nburden s ar e calculate d i na niterativ e manne r usin g th e expression s
B(t+l)=B(t ) + dB/d t
S(t+l)=S(t ) + dS/d t

et cMode l Parameter s P. 5



### 4 • >

Vahte r (1982 ) ha s show ntha t stric t qualit ycontro l i s necessar yt o insur e th e validit yo f reporte d data
. Unfortunate

ly , reporte d qualit yassuranc e i s th e exceptio nrathe r tha nth e rul e an d fo r thi s reaso na nattemp t i s mad e t o utiliz e onl yth e huma nan d baboo nstudie s i nth e mode l wher e qualit ycontro l i s evident
. T quant i bloo d parti c byth e live r ar e k n orga n leve l organ s a s cr i h e primar ypurpos e o f th e mode l i s t o determin e th e

t yo f lea d i nbloo d resultin g fro mcontinuou s inpu t t o Th e orga ncontent s o f th e live r an d th e kidne yar e no t

Stabl e Lea d Data .

Stabl e lea d i nhuma ntissue s i s changin g wit htim e du e t o difference s i ndietar yan d inhalatio nintake
. Value s reporte d fo r tissue s i nth e mi d 1970' s ar e summarize d i nTabl e 1
.
Lead-21 0 Data . Naturall yoccurrin g Pb-21 0 ha s bee nmeasure d i nexcret a an d die t i na controlle d metaboli c stud ya t th e Hine s Veteran' s Hospita l (Spence r et . al
. 1977)
. Boge ne t al
. (1976 ) measure d stabl e lea d an d Pb-21 0 i ndie t an d bon e as hsample s fro mNe w York
. Th e Pb-21 0 i s importan t fo r mode l validatio ni ntha t Pb

21 0 level s i nth e die t occu r naturall yan d ar e no t subjec t t o change s ove r time
. Difference s i nPb-21 0 intak e fo r differen t ag e group s ar e du e t o dietar yconsumption
. Th e Pb-21 0 dat a ar e als o summarize d i nTabl e 1
.P. 6

Bon e .I t i s wel l know ntha t lea d i s associate d wit hth e minera l portio no f th e skeleton
. Fo r thi s reason , th e remova l half-tim e fro mbon e mos t likel yreflect s bon e modelin g an d remodelin g rathe r tha na specifi c remova l rat e o f th e nuclid e fro mth e skeleton
. Thi s wa s als o th e cas e fo r fallou t Sr-9 0 whic hha s bee nstudie d extensivel yi nhuman s o f al l age s (Woodar d an d Harle y(1965)
. Papwort han d Vennar t (1984 ) hav e fi t a compar menta l mode l t o bon e fo r al l age s usin g measure d Sr-9 0 i nbon e an d th e know ndail yintak e i nfood
. The yindicat e tha t althoug h th e turnove r rat e i ntrabecula r bon e i s 4 time s tha t o f cortica l bone , ther e wa s n o differenc e i nth e measure d concentrations , i n pCi/ g Ca , i nbot htype s o f bon e fo r continuou s intake
. Barr y (1981 ) indicate s tha t h e fel t hi s measure d stabl e lea d showe d n o distinctio nbetwee nbon e type . Aunifor mdistributio nwa s als o observe d fo r radiu man d uraniu mi nth e skeleto npresen t becaus e o f natura l dietar yintake
. Th e bon e remova l half-time s calculate d b

yPapwort han d Vennar t fro mth e Sr-9 0 dat a ar e smoothe d somewha t fo r us e i nthi s model
. Th e half-time s reporte d b ythe mar e show ni nTabl e 2 an d th e smoothe d value s use d i nthi s mode l ar e indicate d a s well
. Papwort han d Vennar t (1984 ) di d no t repor t bon e remova l half-time s fo r ove r ag e 20
. Rabinowit z e t al
. (1973 ) estimate d a bon e remova l rat e i nth e adul t o f abou t 1 0 year s an d Petro w(1966 ) estimate d thi s sam e remova l rat e fro mhi s measurement s o f Pb-21 0 buil d up fro mradium-22 6 i nforme r radiu m dia l painters
. Mos t o f th e reporte d dat a o nstabl e lea d ar e give ni nterm s o f we t bon e weight
. Thi s i s a nambiguou s uni t sinc e i t depend s upo nsampl e preparation
. Also , th e widel ydifferen t specifi c gravitie s o f variou s bone s sometime s yiel d a napparen t differenc e i nlea d conten t wit hbon e type . Expressin g lea d conten t a s a functio no f as hweigh t produce s a mor e unifor m distributio ni nbone
. Gros s e t al
. (1975 ) hav e showe d thi s i n thei r measurement s o f differen t bon e typ e analyzin g bot hwe t an d ashe d samples
. Th e calciu mconten t o f al l bon e as hi s wel l establishe d a t 3 7 % b yweight
. Mitchel l e t al
. (1945 ) determine d th e skeleta l calciu ma t eac hag e fro mbirt ht o ag e 20
. Thus , expressin g lea d o na nas hweigh t basi s als o allow s eas y calculatio no f whol e skeleta l content . Stabl e lea d an d Pb-21 0 measurement s ar e availabl e fo r bot h childre nan d th e adult
. A t on e yea r ther e i s abou t 290 0 u g lea d i nth e skeleto nan d i nth e adul t fro m4000 0 t o 10000 0 u g lea d dependin g upo nth e stud yselecte d fo r calculatio no f bon e content . Mea nvalue s indicat e abou t 10000 0 u g i s presen t i nth e adul t skeleton
. Holtzma n(1963 ) ha s measure d Pb-21 0 i nsurgica l specimen s fo r age s 3 t o ove r 8 0 an d i ndifferen t bon e type . Th e scatte r i nhi s dat a wer e larg e bu t ther e wa s n o tren d whic hcoul d b e see nwit hag e an d n o differenc e wit hbon e type . Hi s averag e reporte d conten t wa s 0.1 3 pCi/ g as hgivin g a valu e fo r th e adul t o f abou t 40 0 pC i i nth e whol e skeleton
.Althoug hlea d i nbon e i s no t i nstead ystat e excep t i nth e

adult , i t i s possibl e t o estimat e th e remova l hal f tim e fro m bloo d t o bon e fo r th e adult
. P. 7

adul t skeleto n dS/d t = C b s xB - C s bxs = °
Choosin g value s o f 95 0 an d 10000 0 u g i nbloo d an d bon e respectivel yfo r th e adul t an d th e valu e o f Cs bo f 0.000 2 pe r da y reporte d b

yPapwort han d Vennar t a t ag e 19 , a bloo d t o bon e remova l half-tim e o f 3 0 day s i s estimated
.

I na ni n viv o stud yo f injecte d radioactiv e Pb-203 , Hear d an d Chamberlai n(1984 ) measure d a naccumulatio no f 20 % o f Pb-20 3 i nth e skeleto n2 0 day s pos t injectio nThi s valu e i s importan t fo r th e mode l validation
. Thes e estimate s an d al l o f th e bon e mode l parameter s a s a functio no f ag e ar e show ni nTable s 2 t o 4
. Tabl e 3 i s include d t o sho wth e skeleta l calciu ma s a functio no f age , skeleta l as h weigh t an d th e volum e o r weigh t o f th e compartment s use d i nth e mode l s o tha t orga nconcentratio nma yb e calculated
.
Kidne y

Th e kidne ya s a norga ni s treate d separatel yfro murinar y excretion
. Lea d withi nkidne ycell s i s interna l t o th e orga nan d ha s a differen t half-tim e fro mth e lea d whic hi s filtere d fro m plasm a an d excrete d vi a th e tubules
. N o huma ndat a fo r remova l tim e fro mth e kidne yt o bloo d exists
. Strehlo w(1971 ) an d Cohe n(1970 ) hav e determine d th e apparen t remova l half-tim e i nth e kidne yfo r Pb-21 0 i nth e adul t an d juvenil e baboo nrespectively
. Th e valu e (1 0 days ) wa s approximatel yth e sam e fo r al l age s an d s o n o ag e differenc e i s anticipate d i nhumans
. Mallo n(1983 ) determine d tha t a kidne yt o bloo d remova l half-tim e o f 1 0 day s fo r infan t an d juvenil e baboon s provide d a goo d fi t t o measure d kidne yburde ni na long

ter mfeedin g experiment
.P. 8

Howeve r

Kidne y(t) : b k

kb b {

b k s . [ e- e]

wher eC b =overal lbloo dremova lhalf-tim e(da y)

B o _ initia l tota l inpu t t o bloo d
Fo r an yremova l half-tim e fo r kidne yshorte r tha ntha t fo r overal l remova l fro mblood , th e observe d half-tim e i nkidne ywil l b e identica l wit htha t fo r blood
. Longe r half-time s tha nfo r bloo d wil l giv e apparen t half-time s whic hdepen d upo nth e relativ e remova l times
. Onc e th e remova l half-tim e fro mkidne yt o bloo d i s selecte d th e half-tim e fo r remova l fro mbloo d t o kidne yca nb e estimate d fro mth e stead ystat e condition s

dK/d t = C b kxB - C k bxK = 0

- C b k = < C k b xK > / B tl/ 2 = I n 2/ C b k I nth e mode l develope d her e a kidne yt o bloo d remova l half-tim e o f 1 0 day s measure d i nth e baboo ni s use d fo r al l age s a s i s th e half-tim e o f abou t 3 0 day s fo r remova l o f lea d fro mbloo d t o kidne yderive d fro mth e abov e expression
. I nth e human , th e overal l bloo d half-tim e i s longe r tha n tha t o f th e baboo n(1 6 vs . 6 days ) (Mallo n1983 ) an d a mor e appropriat e kidne yt o bloo d remova l hal f tim e coul d therefor e b e anyvalu e up t o 1 6 days
. Ther e i s n o effec t upo nbloo d lea d a t stead ystat e a s discusse d above , however , i t woul d b e o f scientifi c interes t t o determin e thi s valu e precisely
. Th e value s use d i nthi s mode l ar e show ni nTabl e 4
.
Liver
. Th e live r i s simila r t o kidne yi ntha t i t doe s no t affec t bloo d lea d onc e stead ystat e i s achieve d an d thi s occur s quit e rapidly
. Th e live r t o bloo d remova l half-tim e observe d i nth e adul t an d juvenil e baboo nwa s 2 3 day s (Strehlo w1971 , Cohe n 1970)
. Mallo n(1983 ) wa s als o abl e t o fi t th e stead ystat e live rP. 9



### burde ni njuvenil e baboon s i n a lea d feedin g experimen t utilizin g thi s half-time
. Sinc e n o chang e i n half-tim e wa s see nwit hage , i t i s assume d tha t live r t o bloo d remova l half-tim e i s als o constan t wit hag e i nth e human
.

Th e half-time s use d i n thi s mode l fo r th e live r includin g biliar yexcretion , a s a functio no f ag e ar e show ni nTabl e 4
.
Blood
. A noveral l remova l rat e fro mbloo d ha s bee n establishe d i nth e adul t mal e i n tw o studies
. Chamberlai ne t al
. (1975 ) gav e r-adioactive Pb-20 3 b yinhalatio no f engin e exhaust
. The ydetermine d a bloo d clearanc e half-tim e o f 15. 8 days
. Rabinowit z e t al
. (1973 ) i na feedin g experimen t wit hstabl e Pb

20 4 an d Pb-20 7 determine d th e overal l bloo d clearanc e half-tim e t o b e 18. 7 days
. Th e overal l bloo d half-tim e followin g a singl e injectio nchange s wit htime
. Thi s ha s bee nobserve d i nth e baboo nstudies , bu t th e huma n studie s hav e no t bee nconducte d fo r long enoug hinterval s t o establis hth e entir e remova l curve .P.1 0

Urin e Rabinowit z et . al
. (1973 ) showe d tha t 54 % o f th e lea d i n bloo d cleare d vi a urinar yexcretion
. Hear d an d Chamberlai n(1984 ) measure d 30 % urinar yexcretio n2 0 day s afte r injectio no f radioactiv e Pb-203
. Thes e ar e a usefu l value s sinc e the yca nb e use d i nth e mode l unde r singl e injectio ncondition s fo r mode l validation
. Ziegle r e t al
. (1978) , measure d urinar yan d feca l excretio n i ninfant s 1 4 day s t o 2 year s old
. Th e urinar yexcretio na t 1 yea r wa s abou t 1 1 ug/da y(dietar yintak e measure d a s abou t 10 0 ug/day)
. Th e urinar yexcretio nfo r adult s wa s measure d b yLegott e e t al
. (1980 ) an d wa s foun d t o b e 1 7 ug/da yo naverag e (rang e 7

- 3 1 ug/day ) (dietar yintak e 8 0 ug/day)
. Th e urinar yclearanc e half-tim e ma yb e estimate d fro ma knowledg e o f th e whol e bloo d conten t an d th e urinar yexcretion
. Urin e (ug/day ) = C b u xB
t on e yea r th e tota l bloo d conten t i s abou t 14 0 u g (88 0 ml
. x .1 6 ug/ml ) yieldin g a nexcretio nhalf-tim e o f 9 days
. Fo r th e dul t th e tota l bloo d conten t i s abou t 95 0 u g (560 0 m l x0.1 7 cr/ml* * TJ h -

fr » H violrl a a 1 1 T * - fn a r * vromnwa l ha 1 f - t -i m a n -f A O rlatr a A 0
a <
___ a __ _„ _ ug/ml ) whic hyield s a urinar yremova l half-tim e o f 4 0 days
. Assumin g tha t th e urinar yexcretio ni s constan t a t abou t 1 5 ug/da yfo r age s betwee ninfanc yan d adulthoo d an d utilizin g th e reporte d bloo d level s wit hag e (NCH S 1982 ) additiona l excretio n half-time s ma yb e estimate d fo r a fe wag e groups . Th e value s use d fo r urinar yhalf-time s a s a functio no f ag e ar e show ni n Tabl e 4
.
Gastrointestina l Uptake
. Uptak e b

yth e gastrointestina l trac t i s no t a primar y paramete r i nth e mode l sinc e ingestio ni s no t considere d i nthi s model
. Lea d i s introduce d directl yt o blood
. However , lea d i s remove d fro mth e live r vi a bil e an d recycle d int o bloo d b yG I uptake
. Fo r thi s reaso na nestimat e o f G I uptak e i s necessary . Rabinowit z e t al
. (1973 ) measure d a fractiona l uptak e o f 0.09 4 i n a feedin g stud ywit hPb-20 4 an d Pb-20 7 i nth e adult
. Spence r et.al
. (1977 ) measure d Pb-21 0 i nnorma l die t an d urin e an d feca l excretio ni na controlle d metaboli c stud yi npatient s a t Hine s V A Hospital
. A t stead ystate , th e uptak e fro mth e G I trac t i s equa l t o tha t excrete d i nurine
. dB/d t = P - C b uxB = 0
Spence r et.al
. (1977 ) measure d 1.3 6 pC i Pb-210/da yfo r th e die t plu s inhalatio nan d 0.2 5 pC i Pb-210/da yi nurinar yexcretion
. Thi s yield s a valu e o f 0.25/1.3 6 = 0.1 8 fo r th e fractiona l lea d uptake
. Legott e e t al
. (1980 ) measure d 1 7 u g lead/da yi nurinar y excretio ni nadult s i nNe wYor k Cit ywit ha dietar yintak e o f 8 0 u g lead/da y(Boge ne t al. , 1976)
. Thi s yield s a fractiona lP.1 1

uptak e o f 0.2 0 fo r stabl e lead
. Thi s i s somewha t highe r tha n tha t reporte d byRabinowit z et . al
. (1973 ) o f 0.09 4 o r Keho e 0.0 8 (1961 ) fo r stabl e lead
. I t ha s bee nobserve d tha t lea d uptak e i s a logarithmi c functio no f th e ingeste d quantit yi nth e baboo n (Mallo n1983)
. Lead-21 0 i nth e presenc e o f norma l lo wdietar y lea d i s predictiv e o f th e highes t uptak e sinc e ther e i s smal l mass . Thi s i s a conservativ e estimat e fo r th e adult
. Ziegle r e t al
. (1978 ) als o note d thi s effec t i ninfants
. Lea d uptak e appeare d highe r fo r lo wlea d diet s (3 0 ug/day ) versu s moderat e lea d diet s (13 0 ug/day)
. Ziegle r e t al
. (1978 ) wer e abl e t o calculat e a G I uptak e facto r o f 4 0 % fo r infant s fro mthei r measurement s o f lea d i nth e die t an d excreta , fo r th e infant , 1 8 intermediat e ages , i s reabsorbe d wit h assumptio ni s mad e Fo r th e presen t model , a valu e o f 4 0 % i s use d % fo r th e adul t an d smoothe d value s i n I t i s no t know nwhethe r lea d excrete d i nbil e th e sam e uptak e a s dietar ylead , however , thi s i nth e mode l a s a bes t approximation
.

MODE L RESULT S AN D VALIDATIO N

Th e fina l selectio no f compartmenta l half-time s i s show ni n Tabl e 4
. Th e orga ncontents , usin g a ninpu t t o bloo d o f 1 0 ug/day , ar e calculate d accordin g t o th e metho d indicate d an d th e result s ar e show ni nTabl e 5
. Orga nconcentration s ar e the n calculate d utilizin g th e know norga nweight s a s a functio no f ag e an d thes e ar e show ni nTabl e 6 fo r a ninpu t t o bloo d o f 1 0 ug/day
. Table s 7 t o 3 4 ar e paire d t o sho wfirs t th e valu e o f lea d i nth e compartment , the nth e orga nconcentration s fo r increasin g bloo d lea d inpu t i nstep s o f 1 0 ug/da yt o a maximu mo f 15 0 ug/day
. Th e basi c dat a use d t o develo p th e mode l parameter s ar e scant , therefore , complet e mode l validatio ni s impossible
. However , th e mode l ca nb e show nt o b e consistan t wit hreporte d data
. Ziegle r e t al
. (1978 ) reporte d tha t infan t uptak e o f dietar ylea d i s abou t 40%
. A naverag e die t o f abou t 10 0 ug/da y woul d lea d t o a ninpu t t o bloo d o f 4 0 ug/day
. Th e modele d value s fo r 4 0 ug/da yinpu t ar e i nreasonabl e agreemen t wit hactua l reporte d bloo d lea d values
. Th e conten t o f th e adul t skeleto n fo r bot hstabl e lea d an d Pb-21 0 i s wel l predicte d byth e mode l i f i t assume d tha t G I uptak e o f dietar ylea d i s abou t 18%
. Fo r example , a dietar yintak e o f abou t 10 0 u g an d 1. 0 pC i fo r stabl e lea d an d Pb-21 0 respectively , th e adul t skeleto na s predicte d b y th e mode l woul d contai n5 4 m g an d 54 0 pCi
. Whe nth e mode l i s teste d usin g a singl e inpu t t o adul t blood , th e bloo d hal f tim e i s 1 6 day s an d th e amoun t o f lea d excrete d i nurin e i s 30 % i nth e firs t 10 0 day s pos t input , i nreasonabl e agreemen t wit hobserve d data
. Th e amoun t accumulate d i nbon e followin g a singl e inpu t i n thi s mode l i s 2 0 % , whic hi s i ngoo d agreemen t wit hth e measurement s o f Hear d an d Chamberlai n(1984)
.

1 0P.1 2



### Th e mode l i £ readil yadaptabl e t o revisio no f th e parameter s fo r an yo f th e compartments , pendin g improve d informatio n regardin g th e rat e coefficients
. I t woul d be o f grea t value , fo r example , i f urinar ylea d a s a functio no f ag e wer e availabl e a s thi s woul d allo wbette r estimatio n o f th e urinar yexcretio nhalf

time
. Th e mode l i s readil yadaptabl e t o th e additio no f compartments , suc ha s lung , i f i t wer e desire d t o produc e a complet e metaboli c mode l fo r inpu t othe r tha ndirectl yt o blood
. Acknowledgement
. Th e author s woul d lik e t o than k Dr . Hele n Woodar d fo r he r comment s an d advic e concernin g th e model , Gordo n Coo k fo r th e illustration s an d Aime e Mirand a fo r preparatio nan d typin g o f th e text .

1 1P.1 3

REFERENCE S Aub , JC , Fairhall , LI. , Minot , AS. , RezniKoff , P . Lea d poisonin g p . 2 1 Medicin e Monograph s Vo l VII , Publishe d by William s an d Wilkins , Co
. 192 6 Barry , PSI
. Concentration s o f lea d i nth e tissue s o f children
. Brit
. J . Ind
. Med
. 38,61:198 1 Bogen , DC , Welford , GA. , Morse , RS
. Genera l populatio nexposur e o f stabl e lea d an d Pb-21 0 t o resident s o f Ne wYor k City
. Healt hPhysic s 30 , 359 , 197 6 Chamberlain , AC , Clough , WS. , Heard , MJ. , Newton , Stott , ANB.,Wells , AC
. Uptak e o f lea d b yinhalatio no f moto r exhaust
. Proc . R . Soc
. Lond
. B . 192,77:197 5 Cohen , N . Th e Retentio nan d Distributio no f Pb-21 0 i nth e Adul t Baboon
. Doctora l Dissertation , Ne wYor k Universit y197 0 Desilva , PE . Determinatio no f lea d i nplasm a an d studie s o nit s relationshi p t o lea d i nerythrocytes
. Brit
. J . Ind
. Med
. 38,209:198 1 Duggan , MJ . Th e uptak e an d excretio no f lea d b yyoun g childre n Arch
. En vHealt h38 , 246:198 3
Frost , HM . Tetracycline-base d histologica l analysi s o f bon e remodeling
. Calc
. Tiss
. Res . 3,211:196 9 Gross , SB. , Pfitzer , EA. , Yeager , DW. , Kehoe , RA . Lea d i nhuma n tissues
. Toxicolog yan d Applie d Pharmacolog y32 , 638:197 5 Heard , MJ , Chamberlain , AC
. Uptak e o f P bbyhuma nskeleto nan d comparativ e metabolis mo f P ban d alkalin e eart helements
. Healt hPhysic s 47 , 857:198 4 Holtzman , RB . Measuremen t o f th e natura l conten t o f Ra D an d Ra F i nhuma nbone
. Estimat e o f whol e bod yburdens
. Healt hPhysic s 9 , 385:196 3 Holtzman , RB. , Ilcewitz , FH . Lead-21 0 an d Po-21 0 i ntissue s o f cigaarett e smokers
. Scienc e 1 5 3,1259:196 6 ICR P 20 , Alkalin e eart hmetabolis mi nadul t man . Internationa l Commissio no nradiologica l Protection , Pergamo n Press , Ne wYor k 197 2

1 2P.1 4

Johnson , JR. , Myers , RC
. Alkalin e eart hmetabolism : a mode l usefu l i ncalculatin g orga nburdens , excretio nrate s an d committe d effectiv e dos e equivalen t conversio nfactors
. Radiatio nProtectio nDosimetr y1 , 87:198 1 Kehoe , RS
. Th e metabolis mo f lea d i nma ni nhealt han d disease
. J . Roy . Inst . Pub
. Healt hHyg . 24 , 196 1 Legotte , PA. , Rosa , WC , Sutton , DC
. Determinatio no f cadmiu man d lea d i nurin e an d othe r biologica l sample s b ygraphite-furnac e atomic-absorptio nspectrometry . Talant a 27,39:198 0 Mallo nRP . Ametaboli c mode l o f lea d kinetic s base d upo n measure d organi c burden s durin g chroni c exposur e experiment s wit h infan t an d juvenil e baboons
. Doctora l Dissertation , Ne wYor k Universit y198 3 Mitchell , H.H. , Hamilton , T.S. , Steggerda , F.R. , Bean , H.W . J . Biol
. Che m158 , 625:194 5

NCHS
. Bloo d lea d level s fo r person s 6 months-7 4 year s o f age : Unite d States , 1976-8 0 Advanc e Dat a 79 , 198 2 Papworth , DC , Vennart , J . Th e uptak e an d turnove r o f Sr-9 0 i n th e huma nskeleton
. Phys
. Med
. Biol
. 29,1045:198 4
Petrow , HG
. Astud yo f th e distributio no f Ra-226 , Ra-228 , Pb- " 21 0 an d Th-22 8 i nbon e an d sof t tissu e o f rado ndia l painters
. Doctora l dissertatio n196 0 Rabinowitz , MB. , Wetherill , GW. , Kopple , JD . Lea d metabolis mi n th e norma l human:stabl e isotop e studies
. Scienc e 182,725:197 3 Spector , W. , (Ed. ) Handboo k o f biologica l data
. W . B . Saunder s Company , Philadelphi a 1956
. Spencer , H. , Holtzman , RB. , Kramer , L. , Ilcewitz , FH . Metaboli c balance s o f Pb-21 0 an d Po-21 0 a t natura l levels
. Rad
. Res . 69 , 16 6 197 7 Strehlow , CD
. Th e us e o f deciduou s teet ha s indicator s o f lea d exposure . Doctora l dissertation , Ne wYor k Universit y196 9 Vahter , M . Assessmen t o f huma nexposur e t o lea d an d cadmiu m throug hbiologica l monitoring
. Nationa l Swedis hInst , o f Environmenta l Medicine , Stockholm , 198 2

1 3P.1 5



### Woodard , HQ. , Harley , JH , patient s wit hsarcoma . Healt hPhysic s 11 , 991 , 196 5 Strontium-9 0 i nth e long bone s o f

Ziegler , EE. , Edwards , BB . Jensen , RL. , Mahaffey , KR. , Fomon , SJ
. Absorptio nan d retentio no f lead b yinfants
. Pediatri c Res . 12,29:197 8

1 4Tabl e 1
. Typica l Stabl e Lead an d Lead-21 0 i nHuma nTissue s an d Die t

Ag e Group (1 )

Bloo d Mg/m l (Rib ) Bon e (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (Tibia ) (Calvaria ) Live r Kidne y •ug/gash( g wet ) M_/

_ (3 ) Urin e (Mg/day ) (4 )

Die t + Inhalatio n (pCi/day ) Ph-?!*" * (5 ) Bon e (4 )

Urin e (pCi/day )
0 - 1 yea r 6 rao - 5 year s 6. 0 (0.9 ) 5. 5 ( 0.82 ) 4. 1 ( 0.61 ) 0.4 1 0.2 1 0.1 6 1 1

1 - 5 yea r 1 1 (2.6 ) 1 2 ( 2.8 ) 9. 8 ( 3.1 ) 0.6 5 0.4 9

6 - 9 yea r 8. 5 (2.1 ) 11. 7 ( 2.7 ) 12. 1 ( 3.8 ) 0.7 4 0.4 6

1 1 - 6 - 1 8 - - 1 6 yea r

- 1 7 yea r

- 7 4 yea r 0.1 3

0.1 7 8. 5 (2.1 ) 11. 5 ( 2.7 ) 12. 8 ( 4.0 ) 0.5 7 0.4 6

Adul t me n 3 7 (8.8 ) 9 8 (23 ) 6 4 (20 ) wome n 2 8 (6.8 ) 6 9 (16 ) 5 1 (16 ) 1.0 3 0.6 4 1 7 Rang e (7-31 ) 1.3 6 40 0 ± 5 0 (nonsmokers ) 0.2 5

(1 ) Nationa l Cente r fo r Healt hStatistic s 1976-198 0 Bloo d Lead Level s (2 ) BarryPS I Brit
. J . In d Me d 38 , 6 1 (1981 ) (3 ) Ziegle r e t a l Ped
. Res . 12 , 2 9 (1978) ; Legott e PA , Ros a WC , Sutto n D C Talant a 27 , 3 9 (1980 ) (4 ) Spence r e t a l 197 7 (5 ) Holtzma nRB , Ilcewit z F H (1966 )P.1 7 1

Tabl e 2
. Bone*Formatio n an d Turnove r Rate s



### Age 

### 1 2 3
. 

### 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 

## ( D

Remova l Hal f Tim e (Days ) 113 5 

### 78 4 67 7 65 9 71 5 88 8 132 0 258 0 873 0 oo0 0 3616 7 684 2 342 1 238 8 202 5 193 0 198 0 206 6 211 0 211 0

_ ' -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_.

-
—

-

-

-

-
—

-

- Mode l

(Smoothe d Values ) Day s 113 5 113 5 113 5 113 5 113 5 113 5 132 0 258 0 258 0 258 0 258 0 258 0 342 1 342 1 342 1 342 1 342 1 342 1 342 1 342 1 342 1 342 1 342 1 342 1 342 1 342 1 342 1 342 1 342 1 342 1 365 0 365 0 365 0 365 0 365 0 365 0 365 0 365 0 365 0 365 0 (2 )

Bon e Formatio n Rat e (%/Year ) 

### 8 5 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

### 6. 7 6. 7 6. 7 6. 7 ^ 

### 6. 7 6. 7 6. 7 6. 7 6. 7 6. 7 3. 5 3. 5 3. 5 3. 5 3. 5 3. 5 3. 5 3. 5 3. 5 3. 5 3. 5 (3 )

Bloo d t o Bon e Half

Time (Days ) 

### 2. 3 5. 2 t i ti I I t i
t i i t t i 

### 9. 4 9. 4 t i
t i i i i t
n t i I I i t 29. 3 29(4 ) 29. 3 II t i
n II i t i t
n t i 56. 1

t t
r r t r t l

r t t t

• t t t t t
r r (1 ) Papwort hDG , Vennar t J Phy s Me d Bio l 29 , 104 5 198 4 (2 ) Fros t H

MCalcifie d tissu e Researc h3 , 21 1 (1969 ) (3 ) Ag e 1 fro

mMallo n(1983 ) fo r infan t - othe r value s scaled fromformatio nrate s o f fros t (1969 ) (4 ) Calculate d fromadul t data , se e tex tP.1 8

Tabl e 3
. Blood Volume an d OrganGrowt hPattern s a s a Functio no f Ag e

Ag e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 

## ( D

Blood Volume (ml ) 88 0 114 0 134 0 148 0 160 0 185 0 206 0 232 0 257 0 281 0 309 0 334 0 373 0 4230 * 466 0 506 0 531 0 548 0 560 0 567 0 (2 )

OrganGrowt h Fractio n o f Adul t Weight s 0.1 6 0.2 0 0.2 4 0.2 6 0.2 8 0.3 3 0.3 6 0.4 1 0.4 5 0.5 0 0.5 4 0.5 9 0.6 6 0.7 4 0.8 2 0.8 9 0.9 3 0.9 6 0.9 8 1.0 0 (2 )

g C a 10 0 15 0 18 0 20 0 22 0 24 0 26 0 30 0 34 0 40 0 46 3 53 9 62 4 71 4 80 6 89 4 97 3 104 0 107 0 108 0 Skeleto n (3 )

g As h 27 0 40 5 48 0 54 0 59 0 68 0 71 0 80 0 92 0 107 0 125 0 146 0 169 0 193 0 218 0 242 0 263 0 280 0 290 0 291 0
(1 ) Fro mICRP2 3 1 9 (2 ) Mitchel l (1945 ) (3 ) Calciu

m37 % o f as hweigh t o f al l bone
.Tabl e 4
. Half-Tim e i n Day s fo r th e Compartments ,

| Ni!
. ? '

ON E OU T LIVE RI N • pQil T•<TnN£VI NKIDNE VOUTURIN EOUT

4. 0 5. 0

_. y
O i' i

io. y
!S. O ! 13 5 1 113 5 ! 1 i 3 5 1 113 5 1 0 113 3 10 , 113 5 1 0 132 0 1 0 253 0 1 0 25S0 253 0 253 0 342 ! 342 1 342 ! 342 ! 342 1 342 ! "J7 ! 1

0 1 0 ! 0 1 0 ! 0 10 J0 10 1 0 ir t 7 7

7 7

.•" i

••)** ; 7 7 7 7

7 7 •j'.!

.

3 0 3 0 Ti i 3 0 3 0 7 rt 1. ! 

### o 0 rt

i l 

### o I rt.

i l rt

v o o i i i i

• j o l i !>! ' 3 0 •*.-

.

•
. i i 30 3 0*:.** y.()

T n 0 

### o

A v

• ; )

. 0 

### o
•0 i i n 1 0

1 0
j

. .

_V 1 0 ! rt 1 0 ir t 1 0 1 0 i f 9

9 10 , 1 0 ir t 1 0
7r t

4 0 VE

? 3 5 ^ 5 . T O (BU T
rt rt rt rt S I li?"AK E

0.4 0 0.3 0 0.3 0 0.3 0 1 0 2 0 40 , 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 0.3 0

0.3 0 0.1 8 0.1 3 0.1 8 0.1 3 CI S 0.1 8 o.i a 0,1 3 0.1 8 0.1 8 0.1 3 0.1 8 0.1 8 0.1 8P.2 0



### 20:41:2 1 01-29-198 5 Tabl e 5
. Tota l Lea d Orga n Conten t i nMicrogram s fo r Males
.

Inpu t t o Bloo d 1 0 Microgram s pe r Day .
AG E BLOO D BON E LIVE RKIDNE YURIN E FECE S

1 26.13 239 8 6. 9 8. 7 2.0 1 0.9 6 2 46.0 6 386 3 18. 9 15. 3 3.5 5 0.4 6 3 49.0 7 518 2 20. 1 16. 3 3.7 8 0.4 9 4 51.7 6 6363 21. 2 17. 2 3.9 9 0.5 2 5 58.0 5 7574 40. 4 19. 3 4.4 7 0.9 8 6 63.8 4 879 2 68. 2 21. 2 4.4 3 1.6 5 7 66.9 8 1016 7 97. 6 22.3 4.6 4 0.9 2 8 57.6 1 1187 1 84. 0 19. 2 3.9 9 0.8 0 9 59.5 2 1349 4 86. 8 19. 8 4.1 3 0.8 2 1 0 72.9 7 1555 8 106. 3 24.3 5.0 6 1.0 1 1 1 108.1 8 1682 6 157. 8 36. 0 3.7 5 1.4 9 1 2 110.6 9 1807 5 161. 4 36. 9 3.8 4 1.5 3 1 3 103.9 3 1948 0 151. 6 34. 6 3.6 0 1.4 4 1 4 105.9 7 2082 8 154. 6 35.3 3.6 7 1.4 6 1 5 131.7 1 2269 1 218. 6 43. 9 4.5 6 2.0 7 1 6 135.1 3 2455 4 224.3 45. 0 2.3 4 2.1 2 1 7 138.4 6 2637 2 229. 9 46. 1 -2.4 0 2.1 8 1 8 141.7 1 2814 6 235.3 47. 2 2.4 6 2.2 3 1 9 144.8 9 2987 7 240. 6 48.3 2.5 1 2.2 8 2 0 147.9 9 3156 7 245. 7 '-49. 3 2.5 6 2.3 3P.2 1

Tabl e 6
. Orga nLea d Concentratio nfo r Male s a s

Inpu t trj

Bloo d 1 0 u g per day
. a Functio no f Age .

AG E

- 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 BLOO D ug/m l

0.03 0 0.04 0 0
. 03 7 0
. 03 5 0.03 6 0.03 5 0.03 3 0.02 5 0.02 3 0.02 6 0.03 5 0
. 03 3 0.02 8 0.02 5 0.02 8 0.02 7 0.02 6 0.02 6 0.02 6 0.02 7 BON E ug/ g as h

8.8 7 9.5 3 10.6 5 11.7 7 12.7 4 13.5 5 14.4 7 14.6 4 14.6 8 14.3 9 13.4 5 12.4 1 11.5 5 10.7 9 10.4 2 10
. 1 6 10
. 0 3 10
. 0 1 10
. 3 3 10.8 1 LIVE Rug/ g

0.0 3 0.0 6 0.0 5 0.0 5 0.0 8 0
. 1 2 0
. 1 6 0
. 1 2 0
. 1 1 0
. 1 3 0
. 1 7 0
. 1 6 0
. 1 4 0
. 1 2 0
. 1 6 0
. 1 5 0
. 1 5 0
. 1 4 0
. 1 4 0
. 1 4 

### KIDNE Yug/ g

0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 1 8 2 6 23 *y? 

### 23 2 1 2 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 v? 

### 2 1 1 7 1 6 1 8 1 7 1 7 1 6 1 6 1 6P.2 2

Tabl e 7
. Tota l Lea d Orga n Conten t i n Microgram s fo r Males
.

Inpu t t o Bloo d 2 0 Microgram s pe r Day .
3 E

1 '7 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 BLOO D

W . C m

.__.v J 92
. 1 2 98
. 1 4 103.5 3 116.1 0 127.6 9 133.9 6 115.2 2 119.0 4 145.9 5 216.3 6 221.3 8 207.8 5 211.9 3 263.4 2 270.2 5 276.9 2 283.4 3 289.7 7 295.9 7 BON E

479 5 772 6 1036 5 1272 6 1514 9 1758 4 2033 5 2374 2 2698 8 3111 6 3365 2 3615 1 3895 9 4165 7 4538 3 4910 8 5274 3 5629 1 5975 4 6313 4 LIVE R

13. 9 37. 8 40. 3 42. 5 80. 8 1 oo » o 195
. 1 167. 9 173. 5 212. 7 315. 5

*_J___i.__
. r

a 7 303
. 2 309
. 2 437. 2 448. 6 459. 7 470. 6 481
. 1 491. 5 KIDNE Y

17. 3 30. 6 32. 6 34. 4 38. 6 42. 5 44. 6 38. 4 39. 6 48. 6 72
. 1 73. 7 69. 2 70. 6 87. 7 90
. 0 / *—

. _ » 94. 4 96. 5 98. 6 URIN E

4.0 2 7
. 0 9 7.5 6 7.9 7 8.9 4 8.8 5 9.2 9 7.9 9 8
. X J 10
. 1 2 7.5 0 7.6 7 7.2 0 7.3 5 9
. 1 3 4.6 8 4
. 8 0 4.9 1 5.0 2 5
. 1 3 FECE S

1.9 2 0
. 9 2 0.9 8 1.0 3 1.9 6 3.3 1 1.8 5 1.5 9 1.6 4 2.0 1 2.9 9 3.0 6 2.8 7 2.9 3 4
. 1 4 4.2 5 4.3 6 4.4 6 4.5 6 4.6 6P.2 3

Tabl e 8
. Orga n Lea d Concentratio n fo r Male s

Inpu t t o Bloo d 2 0 :u g per day
. a s a Functio n o f Age .

AG E BLOO D ug/m l BON E ug/ g as h LIVE R ug/ g KIDNE Y ug/ g

1 2 "7 | 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 0.05 9

0.08 1 0.07 3 0.07 0 0.07 3 0.06 9 0.06 5 0.05 0 0.04 6 0.05 2 0.07 0 0.06 6 0
. 05 6 0
. 05 0 0
. 05 7 0
. 05 3 0
. 05 2 0
. 05 2 0.05 3 0.05 4 17.7 4 19.0 6 21.3 1 23.5 4 25.4 8 27
. 1 1 28.9 4 29.2 8 29.3 7 28.7 8 26.8 9 24.8 2 23
. 1 0 21.5 9 20.8 3 20.3 2 20.0 6 20.0 3 20.6 6 21.6 3 0
. 0 5 0 » 1 1 0
. 1 0 0
. 1 0 0
. 1 7 0.2 4 0.3 2 0.2 4 0.2 3 0.2 5 0.3 4 0.3 2 0.2 7 0.2 5 0.3 1 0
. 3 0 0.2 9 0.2 9 0.2 9 0
. 2 9 0
. 3 6

0.5 1 0.4 5 0.4 4 0.4 6 0.4 3 0.4 1 0.3 1 0.2 9 0.3 2 0.4 4 0.4 2 0.3 5 0.3 2 0.3 6 0.3 4 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3P.2 4

Tabl e 9
. Tota l Lea d Orga n Conten t i n Microgram s fo r Males
.

Inpu t t o Bloo d 3 0 Microgram s pe r Day .

AG E BLOO D BON E .IVER KIDNE Y URIN E FECE S

1 2C-4 4 5 6 7 3 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 78.3 8

138.1 8 147.2 1 155.2 9 174.1 6 191.5 3 200.9 4 172.8 3 178.5 6 218.9 2 324.5 5 332.0 7 311.7 8 317.9 0 395.1 3 405.3 8 415.3 8 425.1 4 434.6 6 443.9 6 * — " ~ " **""•" "

719 3 1158 9 1554 7 1908 9 227'""'" ^ A6O7 6 3050 2 3561 3 4048 3 4667 4 5047 8 5422 6 5843 9 6248 5 6807 4 7366 2 7911 5 8443 7 8963 1 9470 0 20
. 8

56. 7 60. 4 63
. 7 121. 2 204. 5 292. 7 251. 9 260
. 3 319. 0 473. 3 484. 3 454. 8 463. 8 655. 9 672. 9 689. 6 705. 8 721. 7 737. 2 ~ > — . —•_.___ . — 26. 0 45. 9 49. 0 51. 7 57. 9 63
. 7 66. 9 57. 5 59. 4 72. 9 108
. 1 110. 6 103. 8 105. 9 131. 6 135
. 0 1 '-' 8 • .z> 141. 6 144. 8 147. 9 6 „ 0 4

10
. 6 4 11
. 3 4 11.9 6 13.4 1 13.2 8 13.9 3 11.9 8 12.3 8 15
. 1 7 11.2 5 11.5 1 10.8 1 11
. 0 2 13.6 9 7
. 0 2 7.2 0 7.3 7 7.5 3 7.6 9 2.8 8

1.3 8 1.4 7 1.5 5 2.9 4 4.9 6 2.7 7
*•> "T O 2.4 7 3.0 2 4.4 8 4.5 9 4.3 1 4.3 9 6.2 1 6.3 7 6
. 5 o 6.6 9 6.8 4 6.9 8P.2 5



### Tabl e 1 0
. Organ Lead Concentratio n fo r Male s a s a Functio n o f Age .

Inpu t t o Blood 3 0 u g per day
.
AGE BLOOD ug/ml BONE ug/ g ash LIVE R ug/ g KIDNE Yug/ g
1 f 

### 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 0.08 9

0
. 12 1 0.11 0 0
. 10 5 0
. 10 9 0
. 10 4 0.09 8 0.07 4 0.06 9 0.07 8 0
. 10 5 0.09 9 0.08 4 0.07 5 0.08 5 0.08 0 0.07 8 0
. 07 8 0
. 07 9 0.08 1 26.6 1

28.5 9 31.9 6 T •*

_T 1 

### 38.2 2 40.6 6 43.4 1 43.9 2 44.0 5 43
. 1 7 40.3 4 37.2 2 34.65 T O T Q •_'.i
. • O d 

### 31.2 5 30.4 9 30.0 8 30.0 4 30
. 9 9 32.4 4 . , 0.0 8 0
. 1 7 0
. 1 5 0
. 1 4 0.2 5 0.3 6 0.4 8 0
. 3 6 0.3 4 0
. 3 8 0.5 2 0
. 4 8 0.4 1 0.3 7 0.4 7 0.4 4 0.4 4 0
. 43 0.4 3 0.4 3 0.5 4

0.7 7 0.6 8 0.6 6 0.6 9 0.6 4 0.6 2 0.4 7 0.4 4 0.4 9 0.6 7 0
. 6 2 0.5 2 0.4 8 0.5 3 0.5 1 0
. 5 0 0.4 9 0.4 9 0.4 9P.2 6

Tabl e 1 1
. Tota l Lea d Orga n Conten t i nMicrogram s fo r Males
.

Inpu t t o Bloo d 4 0 Microgram s pe r Day .

AG E BLOO D BON E LIVE R KIDNE Y URIN E FECE S

4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 104.5 1

184.2 4 196.2 8 207.0 5 232.2 1 255.3 7 267.9 2 230.4 4 238.0 7 291.9 0 432.7 3 442.7 6 415.7 0 423.8 7 526.8 4 540.5 0 553.8 4 566.8 5 579.5 5 591.9 4 959 0

1545 1 2073 0 2545 2 3029 8 3516 8 4067 0 4748 4 5397 7 6223 2 6730 4 7230 2 7791 8 8331 3 9076 5 9821 6 10548 7 11258 3 11950 8 12626 7 27

. 7

75. 6 80. 6 85. 0 161. 6 272. 7 390. 3 335. 9 347

. 1 425. 3 631

. 1 645. 8 606. 4 618. 3 874. 5 897. 3 919. 5 941

. 1 962. 3 982. 9 34. 7

61. 3 65
. 3 68. 9 77. 3 85. 0 89. 2 76. 7 79. 3 97. 2 144
. 1 147. 5 1 c>8
. 5 141. 2 175. 4 180. 0 184. 5 188. 8 193. 0 197. 2 8.0 5



### 14
. 1 9 15
. 1 2 15.9 5 17.8 8 17.7 0 18.5 7 15.9 7 16
. 5 0 Ol" ) ? " s

•to . „ ' . +m S. ' 15
. 0 0 15.3 4 14.4 1 14.6 9 18.2 6 9.3 7 9.6 0 9.8 2 10.0 4 10
. 2 6 3.8 4

1.8 3 1.9 5 2.0 6 3.9 2 6.6 2 3.7 0 3
. I S T O O 4.0 3 5.9 8 6.11
. 5.7 4 5.8 6 8.2 8 8.5 0 8.7 1 8.9 2 9
. 1 2 9.3 1P.2 7

Tabl e 1 2
. Orga n Lea d Concentratio n fo r Male s a s a Functio n o f Age .

Inpu t t o Bloo d 4 0 ug pe r day
.

G E

1 *?

*•. ' 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 • BLOO D ug/m l

0
. 11 9 0
. 16 2 0
. 14 6 0
. 14 0 0
. 14 5 0
. 13 8 0
. 13 0 0
. 09 9 0.09 3 0
. 10 4 0
. 14 0 0
. 13 3 0.11 1 0
. 10 0 0.11 3 0
. 10 7 0
. 10 4 0
. 10 3 0
. 10 5 0
. 10 8 BON E ug/ g a3 h

35.4 8 38
. 1 1 42.6 1 47.0 9 50.9 6 54.2 2 57.8 8 58.5 6 58.7 4 57.5 6 53.7 9 49.6 3 46.2 0 43
. 1 7 41.6 7 40.6 5 40
. 1 1 40.0 5
' 41.3 3 43.2 6 LIVE Rug/ g

0
. 1 0 0
. 2 2 0.2 0 0
. 1 9 0.3 4 0.4 9 0.6 4 0.4 8 0.4 5 0.5 0 0.6 9 0.6 4 0.5 4 0.4 9 0
. 6 3 0.5 9 0.5 8 0
. 5 8 0.5 8 0.5 8 KIDNE Yug/ g

0
. 7 2 1
. 0 2 0.9 1 0.8 8 0.9 2 0.8 6 0.8 3 0.6 2 0
. 5 9 0.6 5 0.8 9 0.8 3 0.7 0 0
. 6 4 0.7 1 0.6 7 0.6 6 0.6 6 0.6 6 0
. 6 6Tabl e 1 3
. Tota l Lea d Orga n Conten t i n Microgram s fo r Males
. Inpu t t o Bloo d 5 0 Microgram s per Day .

AG E BLOO D BON E LIVE R

4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 130.6 3

J-.N-'^_ ' » __ . / 245.3 5 258.8 2 290.2 6 319.2 2 334.8 9 288.0 5 297.5 9 364.8 7 540.9 1 553.4 5 519.6 3 5^.9
. S o 658.5 4 675.6 3 692.3 0 708.5 6 724.4 4 739.9 3 1198 8

1931 4 2591 2 3181 5 3787 2 4396 0 5083 7 5935 5 6747 1 7779 0 8413 0 9037 7 9739 8 10414 1 1134S 7 12277 0 13185 8 14072 9 14938 5 15783 4 34. 6

94. 5 100. 7 106. 2 202
. 1 340. 9 487. 8 419. 9 433. 8 531. 7

. 788. 9 807. 2 758. 0 772. 9 1093. 1 1121. 6 1149. 3 1176. 4 1202. 8 1228. 6 KIDNE Y

"TJI I O 76. 6 81. 6 86
. 1 96. 6 106. 2 111. 4 95. 9 99
. 1 121. 4 180
. 1 184. 3 173
. 1 176. 5 219. 3 225
. 0 230. 6 236. 0 241. 3 246. 5 URIN E

10.0 6 17.7 4 18.9 0 19.9 3 22.3 5 22
. 1 3 23.2 1 19.9 7 20.6 3 25.2 9 18.7 5 19
. 1 8 18.0 1 18.3 6 O O P O 11.7 1 12.0 0 12.2 8 12.5 5 12.8 2 FECE S

4.8 0 2.4 4 2.5 8 4.9 0 8.2 7 4.6 2 3.9 8 4
. l i 5
. 0 4 7.4 7 7.6 5 7
. 1 8 7.3 2 10
. 3 5 10.6 2 10.8 9 11
. 1 4 11.3 9 11.6 4P.2 9



### Tabl e 1 4
. Orga n Lea d Concentratio n fo r Male s a s a

Inpu t t o Bloo d 5 0 ug pe r day
. : 

### unctio n o f Age .

AG E BLOO D ug/m l BON E ug/ g as h LIVE Rug/ g KIDNE Yug/ g
1 o
-te . 

### 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 0
. 14 8

0
. 20 2 0.18 3 0
. 17 5 0
. 18 1 0
. 17 3 0
. 16 3 0
. 12 4 0
. 11 6 0
. 13 0 0
. 17 5 0
. 16 6 0
. 13 9 0
. 12 5 0
. 14 1 0
. 13 4 0
. 13 0 0
. 12 9 0
. 13 2 0
. 13 5 4.4.3 5

47.6 4 53.2 6 58.8 6 63.6 9 67.7 7 72.3 4 73.2 0 73.4 2 71.9 6 67.23 62.0 4 57.7 5 53.9 7 52.0 8 50.8 1 50
. 1 4 50.0 7 51.6 6 54.0 7 0
. 1 3 0.2 8 0.2 5 0.2 4 0.4 2 0.6 1 0.8 0 0.6 0 0.5 7 0.6 3 0.8 6 0.8 0 0.6 8 0.6 1 0.7 8 0.7 4 0.7 3 0.7 2 0
. 7 2 0.7 2 0.9 0

1.2 8 1
. 1 3 1
. 1 0 1.1 5 1.0 7 1.0 3 0
. 7 8 0.7 3 0.8 1 1.1 1 1.0 4 0.8 7 0.7 9 0.8 9 0.8 4 0.8 3 0.8 2 0.8 2 0.8 2O- OODv | thcn-f c C- 4 4 0 • - O- DOOv l thU l -f c C- 4 4 0

C D0 0 ODCDC Dv l C

hC hC hth-f c C- 4 C- 4 4 = C- 4 C- 4 C- 4 4 0 4 0 « - OD0 - U l C 4 i-1 - DC-

4 4 0 C h-f c C JU l -f c O C DJ i ^ - Dv j cn v | OOOOO O l C- 4 J i - 0 ^ v | c n•-

• C 4 O DO-f

c tr- Ch

- GC- 4 4 0 v l v | j j ODU i i--

OO D^ thCDOC-

4 CnJ i C 4 v j 1 0 4 0 v l C

ht hc nO O l -f

c ~0 -f c •- » 0 - v | t h• - C DW Ul t h

C Dv | t hO l ^ C-

4 4 0 » - OO - 0 O

Dvl 0 - U i 4 * C-

4 C- 4 4 0 *- * * 0 -DC DC Dv j ( hJi o - C

DO C-4 O•>-

• < - 4 0 U l O D>-

C-4 J i J i 4 0 C D4 0 C JH - -J ) C D-f c OC 4 - D4 0 Ov i 4

_H- . ot- * C- 4 Othv l t-

4 4 0 J i v l v j CnU l J i 0 - 4 0 O Ui J i v j j) v l 0 0 • - C 4 -f c O-f c CDOv | 0 4 OCDU l CnJ i M v l t DJ i v l 0 1

j i 4

_^ t- 4 c- 4 c- 4 - o-a -a o chcno i c nj i 40»•* • *-•

•- * v | J i 1- - v j -f c H * 4 0 O C

h-f c 0 4 4 0 O COOJ i 4 0 4 0 •- * -f c J i 0 4 •>- • * DtJ l • - v j > 0 C D0 - ODO C- 4 0 1 - 0 4 0 *v ! O C-

4 •- • JijivjfO-DvlOlChvjrihOChODJiOOlOiODJit h

40 40 40 40 40 4

0 4 0 HMI-J H H H PHH H

- 0 CD 0 0 v j v l 0
- ••«

•O 4 0 ^

J i *-< •^

C- 4 40 i
- O - 0 • £c n 0 1 O C- 40
- O C-

4 »• •v j >- - t h 0 1 OD O l C 4v l O l C- 4v l ^ 40
v | c n 1 0 v l O 4 0 C

D v l 4 0 1 0 v l - 0 *-•

v j U l o C-

4 v O - 0 O

H * I-A^

,-A. t-±

w, o J. J j- j f . j f. j wj. j 40 1 0 4- 0 40 40 40 ^ O i O l J i J i -f

cv j 40 ^

C- 4 40 O J i C-

4 v j C h C h 04 40 *-••

t3 C- 4 Q\I4» 0 C-

4 O t h O O l C i v | - 0 O D O l O D - 0 C h 40 O

- D ( h C 4 O 0 1 <i

J i •- - 1 0 O O I 0 1 t h t h O l C- 4 40 C D OD v j

0 4 0 4 C 4 C- 4 1 0 4 0 C

D O D - 0 00 0
- .fc-f

c0 1 O O l C- 4 40 1 0 C

n

- 0 C h C- 4 O v i J i v j C

h • - - 0 O - D v | c n « D C D O - 0 v | v j v j v j v | v j U l C-

4 < 1 40 00 v | J i C-i v | c n 40 O D - 0 C- 4 0 1 C h I 1> I O i m

I C D i r o r

H- * ID
c n
i o 1 o 1 o

1 CO 1 o 1 z i m

i r i I-I i < i m i aj

i ?

. i •-* I a 1 2 * i m I -<
1 c I 3 1 n 1 H i m

1 T l i m i n i m 3 H

* a o C r + r tflj tr rt
o r C D C D p *

• - Q
. 0 0 o a. - . 0 3 t h fl) O 3 3 n
• - 0 n 3 1 rt 0 r o C I 3 1 rt O i 3 • - i n

_ J

"O

_ _ f D H
i n * T D 0 a > >a

- < i •P * 3 i n

-fr > 0 i 3 * a * *- * r o i n a i c nP.3 1



### Tabl e 1 6
. Orga nLea d Concentratio nfo r Male s a s a

Inpu t t o Bloo d 6 0 ug pe r day
. •"unctio n o f Age .

AG E BLOO D ug/m l BON E ug/ g as h LIVE Rug/ g KIDNE Yug/ g
1
*9 

### 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 0
. 17 8

0
. 24 2 0.22 0 0.21 0 0.21 8 0.20 7 0
. 19 5 0
. 14 9 0
. 13 9 0
. 15 6 0.21 0 0
. 19 9 0
. 16 7 0
. 15 0 0
. 17 0 0
. 16 0 0
. 15 6 0
. 15 5 0
. 15 8 0
. 16 1 57
. 1 7

63.9 2 70.63 76.43 81.33 86.8 1 87.8 4 88
. 1 1 86.3 5 80.6 8 74.45 69.3 0 64.7 6 62.5 0 60.9 7 60
. 1 7 60
. 0 8 61.9 9 64.8 9 0.1 5 0
. 3 3 0.3 0 0.2 9 0.5 1 0.7 3 0.9 6 0.7 2 0.6 8 0.7 5 1.0 3 0.9 7 0.8 1 0.7 4 0.9 4 0.8 9 0.8 7 0.8 7 0.8 7 0.8 7 1.0 8 1 S"
. Xa w w 

### 1.3 6 1.3 2 1.3 8 1.2 9 1.2 4 0.9 4 0.8 8 0.9 7 1
. o . 

### 1.2 5 1.0 5 0.9 5 1.0 7 1.0 1 0.9 9 0.9 8 0.9 8 0.9 9P.3 2



### Tabl e 1 7
. Tota l Lea d Orga n Conten t i nMicrogram s fo r Males
.

Inpu t t o Bloo d 7 0 Microgram s pe r Day .
AG E BLOO D BON E LIVE R

*TM*TM' " 1 rA,04 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 182.8 9

322.4 1 343.4 9 362.3 4 406.3 7 446.9 0 468.8 5 403.2 7 416.6 3 5.10.8 2 757.2 7 774.8 3 727.4 8 741.7 7 921.9 6 945.8 8 969.2 1 991.9 9 1014.2 1 1035.9 0 —•«.__._• «

1678 3 2704 0 3627 7 4454 1 5302 1 6154 4 7117 2 8309 6
. 9446 0 10890 6 11778 3 12652 8 13635 7 14579 8 15883 9 17187 7 18460 2 19702 0 20914 0 22096 8 48. 5

1 0_i
. O 141. 0 148. 7 282. 9 477. 2 682. 9 587. 8 607. 4 744. 4 1104. 4 1130. 1 1061. 2 1082. 1 1530. 3 1570. 2 1609. 0 1647. 0 1684. 0 1720. 1 KIDNE Y

60
. 7 107
. 2 114. 3 120. 6 135. 2 148. 7 156. 0 134. 3 138. 7 170. 0 o=; o o 258
. 1 242. 3 247
. 1 307. 0 315. 0 322. 8 330
. 4 337. 8 345. 0 URIN E

14.0 9 24.8 3 26.4 5 27.9 1 31.3 0 30
. 9 8 32.5 0 27.9 5 28.8 8 35.4 1 26.2 5 26.8 5 25.2 1 25.7 1 31.9 5 16.3 9 16
. 8 0 17
. 1 9 17.5 7 17.9 5 FECE S

6.7 2 3.2 1 3.4 2 3.6 1 6.8 6 11.5 8 6.4 7 5.5 7 5.7 5 7.0 5 10.4 6 10.7 1 10
. 0 5 10.2 5 14.5 0 14.8 7 15.2 4 15.6 0 15.9 5 16.2 9P.3 3



### Tabl e 1 8
. Orga nLea d Concentratio n fo r Male s a s a Functio no f Age .

Inpu t t o Bloo d 7 0 ug per day
.
AG E BLOO D ug/m l BON E ug/ g as h LIVE Rug/ g KIDNE Yug/ g
1

' ?

••• ' 

### 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 0.20 8

0.28 3 0
. 25 6 0.24 5 0.25 4 0.24 2 0.22 8 0
. 17 4 0
. 16 2 0
. 18 2 0.24 5 0.23 2 0
. 19 5 0
. 17 5 0
. 19 8 0
. 18 7 0
. 18 3 0
. 18 1 0
. 18 4 0
. 18 8 62
. 1 0

66.7 0 74.5 7 82.4 0 89
. 1 7 94.8 8 101.2 8 102.4 9 102.7 9 100.7 4 94
. 1 2 86.8 6 80
. 85 75.5 5 72.9 2 71
. 1 3 70
. 2 0 70
. 0 9 72.3 2 75.7 0 0
. 1 8 0.3 9 0.3 5 0.3 4 0.5 9 0.8 5 1
. 1 2 0.8 4 0.7 9 0
. 8 8 1.2 0 1
. 1 3 0.9 5 0.8 6 1
. 1 0 1.0 4 1.0 2 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.2 6

1.7 9 1.5 9 1.5 5 1.6 1 1.5 0 1.4 4 1.0 9 1.0 3 1
. 1 3 1.5 6 1.4 6 1.2 2 1
. 1 1 1.2 5 1
. 1 8 1
. 1 6 1.1 5 1.1 5 1
. 1 5P.3 4



### Tabl e 1 9
. Tota l Lea d Orga n fcontent i nMicrogram s fo r Males
.

Inpu t t o Bloo d 8 0 Microgram s pe r Day .
AG E BLOO D BON E LIVE R

1 OC-4 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 209.0 2

368.4 7 392.5 6 414.1 1 464.4 2 510.7 5 535.8 3 460.8 8 476.1 5 583.7 9 865.4 6 885.5 2 831.4 0 847.7 3 1053.6 7 1081.0 1 1107.6 7 1133.7 0 1159.1 0 1183.8 9 1918 0

3090 3 4145 9 5090 4 6059 6 7033 6 8133 9 9496 7 10795 4 12446 4 13460 9 14460 4 15583 7 16662 6 18153 1 19643 1 21097 4 22516 6 23901 7 25253 4 55. 4

151. 2 161
. 1 170. 0 323. 3 545. 4 780. 5 671. 8 694
. 1 850. 7 1262. 2 1291. 6 1212. 8 1236. 7 1749. 0 1794. 5 1838. 9 1882. 3 1924. 5 1965. 8 KIDNE Y

69. 4 122. 5 130. 6 137. 8 154. 5 170. 0 178. 3 153. 4 158. 5 194. 3 288. 2 294. 9 276. 9 282. 4 350. 9 360
. 0 368. 9 377. 6 386
. 1 394. 3 URIN E

16
. 1 0 28.3 8 30.2 3 31.8 9 35.7 7 35.4 0 37
. 1 4 31.9 5 33.0 0 40
. 4 7 29.9 9 30
. 6 9 28.8 1 29.3 8 36.5 2 18.7 3 19
. 1 9 19.6 5 20.0 9 Of" ) R O ,__•>_ ' a w>_ « FECE S

7.6 8 3.6 7 3.9 1 4
. 1 2 7.8 4 13
. 2 3 7.3 9 6
. 3 6 6.5 8 8.0 6 11.9 6 i o 0 4 11.4 9 11.7 1 16.5 7 17.0 0 17.4 2 17.8 3 18.2 3 18.6 2P.3 5



### Tabl e 2 0
. Orga nLea d Concentratio n fo r Male s a s a Functio n o f Age .

Inpu t t o Bloo d 8 0 ug pe r day
.
AG E BLOO D ug/m l BON E ug/ g as h

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 0
. 23 8

0.32 3 0.29 3 0
. 28 0 0.29 0 0.27 6 0.26 0 0
. 19 9 0
. 18 5 0.20 8 0.28 0 0.26 5 0.22 3 0
. 20 0 0.22 6 0.21 4 0.20 9 0.20 7 0.21 1 0.21 5 70.9 7

76.23 85.2 2 94
. 1 7 101.9 1 108.4 3 115.7 5 117.1 3 117.4 8 115.1 3 107.5 7 99.2 6 92.4 0 8 6 • 3 5 83
. 3 3 

### 81.3 0 80.23 80
. 1 1 82.6 5 86.5 2 LIVE Rug/ g
0
. 2 0 0.4 4 0.3 9 0.3 8 0.6 8 0.9 7 1.2 8 0.9 6 0.9 1 1.0 0 1.3 7 1.2 9 1.0 8 0.9 8 1.2 5 1 9 1 6 1 5 1 6 KIDNE Yug/ g

1.4 4 2.0 4 8 1 7 7 8 4 7 2 65

1
. 1 6 1.2 5

1
. 1 7 1.3 0 1.7 B 1.6 7 1.4 0 1.2 7 1.4 3 1 • o 5 

### 1.3 2 1.3 1 1.3 1 1.3 1P.3 6



### Tabl e 2 1
. Tota l Lea d Orga n Conten t in;Microgram s fo r Males
.

Inpu t t o Bloo d 9 0 Microgram s pe r Day .
AG E BLOO D BON E LIVE R

- 1 o 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4
. 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 235.1 4

414.5 3 441.6 3 465.8 7 522.4 7 574.5 9 602.8 1 518.4 9 535.6 7 656.7 6 973.6 4 996.2 1 9•_*5
. o o 953.7 0 1185.3 8 1216.1 3 1246.1 3 1275.4 1 1303.9 9 1331.8 7 2157 8

3476 6 4664 1 5726 7 6817 0 7912 8 9150 6 10683 8 12144 8 14002 2 15143 5 16267 9 17531 6 18745 5 20422 2 22098 5 23734 5 25331 2 26889 4 28410 1 6>-
. o

170
. 1 181. 2 191. 2 363. 7 6 1 o . u 878
. 1 755. 7 780
. 9 957. 0 1420. 0 1453. 0 1364. 4 1391. 3 1967. 6 2018. 8 2068. 8 2117. 5 2165. 1 2211. 6 KIDNE Y

78
. 0 137. 8 146. 9 155. 0 173. 8 191. 2 200
. 6 172. 6 178. 3 218. 6 324. 3 331. 8 311. 5 317. 7 394. 7 405. 0 415. 0 424. 8 434. 3 443. 6 URIN E

18
. 1 1 31
. 9 3 34
. 0 1 o 5 • 8 8 40.2 4 39.8 3 41.7 8 35.9 4 37
. 1 3 45.5 2 33.7 4 34.5 3 32.4 2 33.0 5 41.0 8 21.0 7 21.5 9 22
. 1 0 22.6 0 23.0 8 FECE S

8.6 4 4.1 3 4
. 4 0 4.6 4 8.8 2 14.8 8 8.3 2 7
. 1 6 7.4 0 9.0 7 13.4 5 13.7 6 12.9 2 13
. 1 8 18.6 4 19
. 1 2 19.6 0 20.0 6 20.5 1 20.9 5P.3 7



### Tabl e 2 2
. Orga nLea d Concentratio nfo r Male s a s a Functio n o f Age .

Inpu t t o Bloo d 9 0 ug pe r day
.
AG E BLOO D ug/m l BON E ug/ g as h LIVE Rug/ g KIDNE Yug/ g
1
** 7 "T x 

### 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 0.26 7

0.36 4 0.33 0 0.31 5 0
. 32 7 0.31 1 0.29 3 0.22 3 0.20 8 0.23 4 0.31 5 0.29 8 0.25 1 0.22 5 0.25 4 0.24 0 0.23 5 0
. ZO O 

### 0.23 7 0
. 24 2 79.8 4

85.7 6 95.8 7 105.9 4 114.6 5 121.9 9 130.2 2 131.7 7 132.1 6 129.5 2 121.0 2 111.6 7 103.9 5 97.1 4 93.75 91.4 6 90.25 90
. 1 2 92.9 8 97.3 3 0
. 23 0.5 0 0.4 4 0.4 3 0.7 6 1.0 9 1.4 3 1.0 8 1.0 2 1
. 1 3 1.5 5 1.4 5 1 o o J . . Am*±. 

### 1
. U 1.4 1 1.3 3 1.3 1 1.3 0 1.3 0 1
. 3 0 1.6 3

2.3 0 2.0 4 1.9 9 2.0 7 1.9 3 1.8 6 1.4 0 1.3 2 1.4 6 2.0 0 1.8 7 1.5 7 1.4 3 1.6 0 1.5 2 1.4 9 1.4 7 1.4 8 1.4 8

### Tabl e 23
. Tota l Lea d Orga n Conten t i nMicrogram s fo r Males
. Inpu t t o Bloo d 10 0 Microgram s pe r Day .
AG E BLOO D BON E LIVE R

*"•"•* " 1 o o 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 261.2 7

460.5 9 490.7 0 517.6 4 580.5 2 638.4 3 669.7 9 576.1 0 595
. 1 9 729.7 4 1081.8 2 1106.9 0 1039.2 6 1059.6 7 1317.0 9 1351.2 6 1384.5 9 1417.1 3 1448.8 7 1479.8 6 __-~«WB«H
_

2397 5 3862 8 5182 4 6363 0 7574 5 8792 0 10167 4 11870 9 13494 2 15558 0 16826 1 18075 5 19479 6 20828 3 22691 4 24553 9 26371 7 28145 7 29877 1 31566 8 69. 3

189. 0 201. 4 212. 5 404
. 1 681. 7 975. 6 839. 7 867. 7 1063. 4 1577. 7 1614. 5 1516. 0 1545. 8 2186. 2 2243. 1 2298. 6 2352. 8 2405. 7 2457. 3 KIDNE Y

86. 7 153
. 1 163. 2 172. 2 193. 2 212. 4 oo o 9 191. 8 198. 2 242. 9 360. 3 368. 7 346. 2 353
. 0 438. 6 450
. 0 461
. 1 472. 0 482. 6 492. 9 URIN E

20
. 1 2 35.4 7 37.7 9 39.8 7 44.7 1 44.2 5 46.4 3 39.9 3 41.2 6 50
. 5 8 37.4 9 38.3 6 36.0 2 36.7 3 45.6 5 23.4 2 23.9 9 24.5 6 25
. 1 1 25.6 4 FECE S

9.6 0 4.5 9 4.8 9 5
. 1 5 9.8 0 16.5 4 9.2 4 7.9 5 8.2 2 10.0 7 14.9 5 15.2 9 14.3 6 14
. 6 4 20.7 1 O 1 OC T JL . X M._- w 21.7 8 22
. 7 9 22.7 9 23.2 8P.3 9

Tabl e 24
. Orga n Lea d Concentratio n fo r Male s

Inpu t t o Bloo d 10 0 ug pe r day
. a s a Functio n o f Age .

AG E BLOO D ug/m l BON E ug/ g as h LIVE R ug/ g

1C-4 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 0.29 7

0
. 40 4 0
. 36 6 0
. 35 0 0
. 36 3 0.34 5 0.32 5 0.24 8 0.23 2 0.26 0 0
. 35 0 0.33 1 0.27 9 0.25 1 0
. 28 3 0.26 7 0.26 1 0.25 9 0.26 3 0.26 9 88.7 1 95.2 8 106.5 3 117.7 2 127.3 9 135.5 4 144.6 9 146.4 1 146.8 5 143.9 1 134.4 6 124.0 8 115.5 0 107.9 3 104.1 7 101.6 2 100.2 8 100.1 3 103.3 1 108.1 5 0
. 2 5 0
. 5 6 0
. 4 9 0.4 8 0.8 5 1.2 2 1.5 9 1
. 2 0 1
. 1 3 1.2 5 1.7 2 1.6 1 1.3 5 1.2 3 1.5 7 1.4 8 1.4 5 1.4 4 1.4 4 1.4 5 KIDNE Y ug/ g

1.8 1 2.5 5 2.2 7 o 2 1 2.3 0 2
. 1 5 2.0 6 1.5 6 1.4 7 1.6 2 o o o 0 8 7 5 5 9 1.7 8 6 9 ,6 5 6 4 1.6 4 1.6 4P.4 0



### Tabl e 2 5
. Tota l Lead Organ Conten t in Microgram s fo r Males
.

Inpu t t o Blood 11 0 Microgram s pe r Day .
AG E BLOOD BONE LIVE R

1 2 o 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 _. _

287.4 0 506.6 5 539.7 7 569.4 0 638.5 7 702.2 8 736.7 7 633.7 1 654.7 0 802.7 1 1190.0 0 1217.6 0 1143.1 8 1165.6 3 1448.8 0 1486.3 8 1523.0 5 1558.8 4 1593.7 6
. 1627.8 5 2637 3

4249 1 5700 6 6999 3 8331 9 9671 2 11184 1 13058 0 14843 7 17113 8 18508 7 19883 0 21427 5 22911 1 24960 5 27009 3 29008 9 30960 3 32864 8 34723 5 76. 2

207. 9 221. 5 233. 7 444. 5 749. 9 1073. 2 923. 7 954. 4 1169. 7 1735. 5 1775. 9 1667. 6 1700. 4 2404. 8 2467. 4 2528. 5 2588. 1 2646. 3 2703. 0 KIDNE Y

95. 4 168. 5 179. 5 189. 5 212. 5 .^w O a / 245. 2 211. 0 218. 0 267. 2 396. 3 405. 5 380
. 8 08 8 • o 482. 5 495. 0 507. 2 519. 2 530. 8 542. 2 URIN E

22
. 1 3 39.0 2 41.5 7 43.8 5 49
. 1 8 48.6 8 51.0 7 43.9 3 45.3 8 55.6 4 41.2 4 42.2 0 39.6 2 40
. 4 0 50.2 1 25.7 6 .i. 6 • o 9 27.0 1 27.6 2 28.2 1 FECE S

10.5 6 5.0 4 5.3 7 5.6 7 10.7 8 18
. 1 9 10
. 1 7 8.7 5 9.0 4 11
. 0 8 16.4 4 16.8 2 15.8 0 16
. 1 1 22.7 8 O T T" 7 _-•_' . •_ ' / 23.9 5 24.5 2 25.0 7 25.6 1P.4 1



### Tabl e 2 6
. Orga n Lea d Concentratio n fo r Male s a s a Functio n o f Age .

Inpu t t o Bloo d 11 0 ug pe r day
.
AG E BLOO D ug/m l BON E ug/ g as h LIVE Rug/ g KIDNE Yug/ g
1 o o 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 0.32 7

0.44 4 0.40 3 s_>uD 

### 39 9 38 0 35 8 27 3 0.25 5 0.28 6 0.38 5 0.36 5 0.30 6 0.27 6 0.31 1 0.29 4 0.28 7 0.28 4 0.29 0 0.29 6 97.5 8

104.8 1 117.1 8 129.4 9 140.1 3 149.1 0 159.1 6 161.0 5 161.5 3 158.3 0 147.9 1 136.4 9 127.0 5 118.7 3 114.5 8 111.7 8 110.3 1 110.1 5 113.6 4 118.9 6 0.2 8 0.6 1 0.5 4 0.5 3 0.9 3 1.3 4 1.7 5 1.3 3 1.2 5 1.3 8 1.8 9 1.7 7 ,4 9 i 3 5 ,7 3 63 ,6 0 5 9 ,5 9 ,5 9 1 ,

o 2
. 2
. o 2 , o

._ . i 

### 1
. 1
. 9 9 8 1 4 9 4 3 5 3 3 6 2 7 7 2 6 1 1.7 8 2.4 5 O O Q _»._» / 

### 1.9 2 1.7 5 1.9 6 1.8 5 1.8 2 1.8 0 1.8 1 1.8 1f. J>- . A- - A-A A-A • - A-A ,- . » - ,- . 1-A O ~ 0 CDv j ChcnJ i 0- 4 4 0 *-- O -J ) 0 0 v | t h0 1 -f

c 0 4 4 0 H

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I C I I P l - I

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f- O »- * v l C O C DO I J i »-

» 0 4 t ht h»- • OD4 0 0 4 C D

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• • - •>-* •• * »-«• v | c n0 4 • - ~ 0 v j J i C-

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### Tabl e 2 8
. Orga n Lea d Concentratio n fo r Male s a s a Functio n o f Age .

Inpu t t o Bloo d 12 0 ug pe r day
.
AG E BLOO D ug/m l BON E ug/ g as h LIVE Rug/ g KIDNE Yug/ g
1 o o 

### 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 0
. 35 6

0.48 5 0.43 9 0.42 0 0.43 5 0.41 4 0.39 0 0
. 29 8 0.27 8 0.31 2 0.42 0 0.39 8 0.33 4 0.30 1 0.33 9 0
. 32 0 0.31 3 0.31 0 0.31 6 0.32 3 106.4 5

114.3 4 127.8 3 141.2 6 152.8 7 162.6 5 173.6 3 175.6 9 176.2 2 172.6 9 161.3 6 148.9 0 138.6 0 129.5 2 125.0 0 121.9 5 120.3 4 120.1 6 123.9 8 129.7 7 0.3 1 0,6 7 0.5 9 0
. 5 8 1.0 2 1.4 6 1.9 1 1.4 5 1.3 6 1.5 0 2.0 6 1.9 3 1.6 2 1.4 7 1.8 8 1.7 8 1.7 4 1.7 3 1.7 3 1.7 3 2.1 7

3.0 6 2.7 2 2.6 5 2.7 6 2.5 8 2.4 8 1.8 7 1.7 6 1.9 4 2.6 7 2.5 0 2
. 1 0 1.9 1 2
. 1 4 2.0 2 1.9 8 1.9 7 1.9 7 1.9 7O- oCDvi thc n-f c 0 4 4 0 » - O- OCDv j C

hc n-f c 0 4 4 0 ^

- D0 0 O Dv l v j v j 0 4 0 4 J i J i > 0 v l v j C OO Dv j O * t hc n0-4 1 0 C DJi - D0 1 f - v j o i C 4 OJ i v j Ji v

l 4 0 O l vl 0 4 *0

Ot C- 4 0- 4 4 0 > Dt h4 0 v j t - C Dt hC O0 4 O DOO-f c 4 0 v j C DO C DC n4 0 - 0 C h4 0 Oi O-D0 4 t hv | -Dv

l -o o - *« -

Ov l o4 0 J i C hv l J i 4 0 v j o j 0 0 v j 0 - J i 0- 4 4 0 t hC DC-

4 H - v j c n

J i 0 4 C- 4 0 4 C 4 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4-

0 4 0 •- • i-- - »•- ^ • ^ 0 0 0 - J i f -J) v j o i C- 4 •- • Ov | O l C-

4 »-* - - 0 C O0 - O l 0 4 O O DO l 4 0 <i

J i O0 4 J i CD4 0 0 1 -f c 4 0 J i C OM vl C * • - 0-4 J i 0 0 CO4 0 - Ov | 4 0 - 0 v | M J i 0 4 • - M

J i vl C-4 4 0 >- t hO* 0 0 4 OC

Dth0 4 0 0 0 4 0 1 1 0 1*

0 v l - Dth»-• v j i - C

h 0 3 4 0 -f c 4 0 •- * O DCDJ i i-

1 > 0 J i 0 1 4 0 0 - 0 1 C

O- 0 H - vl O

D

0 4 C- 4 0 4 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 > - 1 0 HKKKH •* HO* 0 * 0 C

OO. OOW

H * O4 0 o

oc n4 0 4 0 4 0

- 0 40OICD>-*JiOv|v0O10 0 10>00-G0r0vJOJi O J i v l 0 0 ODC h4 0 * DOCO» - 4 0 C

D^ CDthcn0 - f - C

nO 0 1 Ji v j 4 0 • - t - 0 ~ C

DO D»- * -f c Ot h0 4 4 0 J i r-

0 C Dv l t 

### t hthcho i cnc nj i j i j i j i c-

4 r or or or or or or o•-

* *-• -fc4OH J -v0CDvjOlOlvlChH'cn-fcC0vJOllOt-'<i» ^ O v l 0 4 * 0 O l O C

D O - 0 O

D O l v | >

0 > D t h ^ C- l 40 ~0 40 0 0 0- 4 t hO l C * 1 0 - DO0 4 J i C OCh0 4 0 0 4 0 t - - DM • - v l

0 4 0 4 C- 4 0 4 C- 4 O l J i -f c J i J i t hO l O i t hC nO l O l J i J i 4 0 0 4 4 0 • * i--

O- Dv j t h- DC DO l C- 4 •"" • Ov l C D• - -Q

ChC h C- 4 C h- 0 » - J i 0 4 v j O D0 0 v j v j C h- 0 C-4 M »-• C O»-••* • *-»

• J i J i 4 0 - 0 J i J i J i 4 0 v j J i t hC- 4 ^ O l C- 4 4 0 C- 4 0 4 •>** • t h



### c- 4 4 0 t or or or o•

- » - ^ *- 

### •- - » - *- • ^ r o•- • »- - o- ococ ov j t h< j

_o> o- oo roor o• - r ot hthcnr o 4 0 t h- 0 0 4 t hOOD - C

DJi •- • 0 " 0 4 OU i v j v | c-4 - 0 J i 0 - C- 4 v j » - f-

J(r- j J i v l C D0 4 O-4>

J i • - OU

l OC nt h0 0 1 3>

1 Q i m

1 C D i r 1 o 1 o i a

1 C D 1 o 1 z i m

i r i n i < i m i S J

i ?* • 1 n i a 1 z i m i <
1 c 1 -33 i - * 1 z i m

1 T l Qi

c r »- - f D W * 0

. n 3 H T J 0 C rl c + j u t - * r + o r f D C D Oi >- a. 0 0 o a i

_ 3 •-*- £ U 0 4 3 O n Z0 •» •3 n r+ i r o 0 3

_ _1 + T QiA-A3 3 i n z T ) M IDn -\ -\ 0 O i O D J 1 * < ft •3 U l -+ . 0 -\
JL OI t-A f D I D i m i n i m i t nP.4 5



### Tabl e 3 0
. Orga n Lea d Concentration'fo r Male s

Inpu t t o Bloo d 13 0 u g pe r day
. a s a Functio n o f Age .

AG E BLOO D ug/m l BON E ug/ g as h LIVE Rug/ g KIDNE Yug/ g
1 o o 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 0.38 6

0.52 5 0.47 6 0.45 5 0.47 2 0.44 9 0.42 3 0.32 3 0.30 1 0
. 33 8 0.45 5 0.43 1 0
. 36 2 0.32 6 0.36 7 0.34 7 0.33 9 0.33 6 0.34 2 0.35 0 115.3 2

123.8 7 138.4 8 153.0 3 165.6 1 176.2 1 188.1 0 190.3 3 190.9 0 187.0 9 174.8 0 161.3 0 150.1 6 140.3 1 135.4 2 132.1 1 130.3 7 130.1 7 134.3 1 140.5 9 r" i T T 

### 0.7 2 0.6 4 0.6 2 1
. 1 0 1.5 8 2.0 7 1.5 7 1.4 7 1.6 3 O O T

.

_. Xm

Ami 

### 2.0 9 1.7 6 1.6 0 2.0 4 1.9 3 1.8 9 1.8 7 1.8 8 1.8 8 2.3 5

3.3 2 2.9 5 2.8 7 2.9 9 2.7 9 2.6 8 O ("l T 

### 1.9 1 2
. 1 1 2.8 9 2.7 1 2
. 2 7 2.0 7 2
. 3 2 2
. 1 9 2
. 1 5 2
. 1 3 2
. 1 3 2
. 1 4ro o - 0 C D v l ( h c n J i 0 4 4 0 » - O - D O D v j Ch c n -J i Cl 40

o O~D-0C00DJiJiOiOlOCDC0-0CD00vlCht h v l 10 00 0 4 - 0 J i C D O l J i **•

4 0 0 4 O 0 4 *<

J H *10 C

D -f c l-A C D 0 1 C D *-- C- 4 0 4 J i > 0 -f

c f0 4 Ch v j 0 4 4 0 -fc Ch J i CDji-ajivivOui-ochcnchiooiviooNichoa j k— •

J i J i I -

. i-A

C- 4 Ch cn v i 40 v l C-

4 Ch 0 4 0 4 0 - v j c n C 4 0 - -fc O H *0 4 - 0 C O 0 4 00

J i Cl 0 4 0 4 0 4 4 0 4 0 40 40 1* 0 >- *- ••* H -f A-AO 0 - J i t - > 0 v l 0 1 C- 4 •• * 00 0 ~ -fc 4 0 O C D v l c n 0 0 J i - D 0 4 v | » - rj 0- 4 O l v j 00 t h 40 0 4 t h - 0 1 0 -fc

- 0 i O o r o v j ( h O l v j O U l C D - 0 ir- 0 4 o o o cn o C-

4 C- 4 c n C-lvj^oUlvj^Ji-UlO-^^^^ODJiCOCnODO - U l

0 4 J i J i o 4 0

1 0
-

- 0 o l— -

C- 4 * 0 O J i Cn - 0 t h J i Ch O l 40 - D 0- 4 C- 4 v j 0 j 4 0 C-

4 O

0 4 0 4 0 4 C-

4 0 4 4 0 4 0 10 4 J H KH *- * 0 4 4 0 4 0 H » O • - • - 4 0 4 0 J i 4 0 * - 0 4 -0 Cn 4 0 4 0 4 0 Ch^O»-»-fcChthhOthOOD»-*vlo*-Cnth>OCDt h O D 0 4 C D O O -fc4 0 O C

D 0 0 j i c n c n -f cc n v | h
- J i O-0»--fcvl40Ji!0C0v|vjChv0-fcCDJi>00 ~

t h c h t h C h ch j i j i c

n c n c- 4 4 0 r- o 0 4 4 0 4 0 4 0 r o ro v j 0
- J i C-

4 »- * -J 3 C D «-* •O J i v l 0
- •-*

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0 •>-*
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h »-* •-f c1- 1 -f c0 1 0 j i j i *~-

cn J i

0 4 C- 4 0 4 0 4 C h 0 1 cn O i O l v j tJ l O l C h 0
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c cn

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1 0 c n c n j i c-

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o C 4 4 0 0 v i c n c n •- •4 0 c n 4 0 <t o o

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0 4 4 0 c n * 0 H-C4 01vJO4i4avlJiCDv|-0O~DCnCD-0C h c n 0 0 - 0 C

D •- * 4* 0 M «-* •v O 1 -t h 0 O 0 1 O •>•• •>-- t h

0 4 0 4 0 4 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 40 H H KH |- J H H H o * 0 ( D O O ^ O 4 > H H |.. J C- 4 C- 4 v j o - Ch orojivjvOOii-*-fc>0'-'Oi^-c>-vjrocDJ i O O - O U l *l l O H H ( j O ^ 4 > - . U l C-

4 4 0 -f cI O I - * v j

l-A C- 4 -f c -f c 1 J > 1 Q 1 P I

I C D i r i a 1 o i a

1 C O i a 1 z i m

i r 1 n i <
_ i m i ^ J

i T* : 1 n i a 1
. Z 1 P l 1 <

1 C 1 3 5 1 l-l 1 z 1 P l

1 "T l i m i n i m i c n 3

TJ r rt r+ 0 C D H
- 0 0 a

» - • -f c
z i - - n -. 0 T Q J 3 i n

• a r o - , <
-i Oi a * i— • f S 0 4

. H 0 rt -

r f D a * a o 0 3 3 n 0 3 rt f D 3 rt » - - 3 Z !-• • n -\ a OiC ) Q J v : a -, Oi 3 U l

- S 0 1 z S i *- * 0 ) If ) aP.4 7



### Tabl e 3 2
. Orga nLea d Concentratio n fo r Male s a s a Functio no f Age .

Inpu t t o Bloo d 14 0 ug pe r pay .
AG E BLOO D ug/m l BON E ug/ g as hLIVE Rug/ g KIDNE Yug/ g
10-4 

### 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 0.41 6

0
. 56 6 0.513 ' 0
. 49 0 0.50 8 0.48 3 0.45 5 0.34 8 0.32 4 0.36 4 0.49 0 0
. 464 0
. 39 0 0
. 35 1 0.39 6 0.37 4 0.36 5 0.36 2 0.36 9 0.37 7 124.1 9

133.4 0 149.1 4 164.8 0 178.3 4 189.7 6 202.5 7 204.9 7 205.5 9 201.4 8 188.2 5 173.7 1 161.7 1 151.1 1 145.8 3 142.2 7 140.4 0 140.1 9 144.6 4 151.4 0 0
. 3 6 0.7 8 0.6 9 0.6 7 1
. 1 9 1.7 0 O O T 

### 1.6 9 1.5 9 1.7 5 2.4 1 2.2 5 1.8 9 1.7 2 2.2 0 2.0 8 2.0 4 2
. 0 2 o or> O i")- 3
A . m v>*_

_ 1 «;• *



### 3.5 7 3
. 1 7 3.0 9 T o o V « 4__

_ 

### 3.0 0 2.8 9 2
. 1 8 2.0 6 O O T

-.

_. _ • / 

### 3.1 1 O Q O

*
. . r

mm. 

### 2.4 5 2.2 3 2.5 0 2.3 6 2.3 1 2.2 9 2.3 0 2.3 0O- 0 CDv j C hC M J i C- l 4 0 I-AO- 0 t Dv j thU l J i C- i 4 0 i ror o4 0 4 0 r o>-

* >- * - *-- *- i- • - r O H * HOO-

OO l UO - OOC D( DO> 0 C

DM - ^ 0 * C-

4 *-• v j 1 0 v l 1 0 v j COU I 0 * 4 0 - 0 vOChOU l v ) v j C- 4 <i - 0



### -D0 4 c nt hC hc n-O0 0 O4 0 J

i 4 0 J i Ji v4 OOC

ho ^
vl 0 4 C hCDC OC hCHC O0 4 v l £

hv l i - thC

hv j J i o OD< l •fl^-0'D- D04 OCDC h0 4 >- C OO l C DOl C OO l O l O

DO

Ji j i Ji 0- 4 C- 4 C- 4 C 4 i O4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 «-* • *-* • » - •-<* v | J i 1 0 v

OC hJ i t ^ - Ov | O l 0 4 Ov 4 cn0 4 •- * - Dv l O l 0 4 

### 0 4 C Dr oc nO Do r or o•>• » 4 0 c- 4 4- 0 co4 0 ••* • 0 4 0 1 v j v i c n Ol H- *- c n0 4 C- 4 -f c^ ^ 0 4 C 4 J i o c nC Ot hJ i v j - 0 ^ ) Oc nC Dvl Ov j I O>o0 4 - 0 v j F - ( h•> - v j • - J*, 0 j Ji C

h 

### 1 0 o0 - u i - oo J i j i r o> - o j i J i >-- - ov i c n0 - o r0 4

C- 4C- 4C- 40 4 C- 40 4 M WI M i o H H H H H C h C h CJ 1 J i 0 4 40 0- 4 40 -f c0 4 C H 04 40 -fcC* C

h 0- 4 0 4 4- 0 *
- C Do r o-f c t> vi»- • v j i

oo- oo c no - roo*-*

• o o oo O l O D- 0 C OJi v OO DJi ^ 0 - OI •- -f

l C- 4 4 0 t hC D4 0 0 4 0 4

- oc n4 0 Ovl 0 4 C

DC * v j C h^ Ol C hc nt h1 0 v j i - c

n~ D

v j v | v j OOt

h0 1 c nOl c n0 4 4 0 4- 0 C- 4 C- 4 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 t 

### 0 4 4 0 o >ov i c nr o• - c n-f c 0 - v oc oo r^ coc nj i 4 0 0 j <i Ot O D^ O I v j - 0 o0 4 OJi v l v j J i 0 0 - 0 C DJi <i O J i -DOv j Ov

QOi 1 0 OJ

i C- 4 4 0 v l 0 4 vl v j 0-

4 C Dv j O



### c- 4 0 4 C 4 c- 4 o ro - o i o i o i o i v i o - c no - t hthc nc nc n0- 4 O Dvi 0 - c nc nC DO l Ji v j 0 - c

ni- ' - 0 - 0 C

hv | v OC hC- 4 o
aaaaasaaaaaaaaaaaas a J i fhCD~0

i- J i OOO I 4 0 CD0 0 - 0 C h0 4 OODth4 0 >- v j thJ i * 0 4 0 v l - 0 0-

4 J i J i "v

i CDO J i COfhO-O

>~- C O

0 4 0 4 C 4 0 4 C-

4 C- 4 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 >>-*

• »-*• *-• <- - 4 0 i - i- * J i J i C- 4 4 0 >-*

• «- • ^ »-• • 4 0 4 0 C H4 0 •>•* • C- 4 -f c -f c v l -v l C hJ i v Q<-*- J i t hC DO- 0 C n- 0 J i *-- C- 4 - 0 0 0 COv | v j 0 4 CO-fc 4 0 CO0 4 0 - v j o - v j 4

_J i j. j i-

C- 4 0 4 C h*-- *- Ot C- 4 C DO I 3 >

I t n I P l

I C D i r H

Oi 

### c r I D 0 4 0 4

1 o 1 o 1 O

I C O 1 O 1 Z 1 P l

i r 1 n i < i m i 3 J

1 JK 1 n 1 o 1 z 1 P l 1 <

1 c 1 3* 1 1 n 1 Z 1 P i

1 T l 1 P l i n 1 P l i cn 3 H

n o C rt r+ a * H- » ri o r r o C DOi •" •a u 0 O a - _ i d 1-Afl) cn 3 o n 3 0 M - 3 n rt * Tro O 3 <D rt T J B H* • 3 3 i n 3 TJ wro n TT o O i Q £ U 1 • < j u •3 in

-*- • 0 -\ z Q J 1 — • f D i n •P.4 9

Tabl e 3 4
. Orga n Lea d Concentratio n fo r Male s a s a

Inpu t t o Bloo d 15 0 ug per day
. r unctio n o f Age .

AG E BLOO D ug/m l BON E ug/ g as h LIVE R ug/ g KIDNE Y ug/ g

1 2

" T 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 0.44 5

0.60 6 0
. 54 9 0.52 5 0.54 4 0.51 8 0.48 8 0.37 2 0.34 7 0.39 0 0.52 5 0.49 7 0.41 8 0.37 6 0.42 4 0.40 1 0
. 39 1 0
. 38 8 0.39 5 0.40 4 133.0 6

142.9 3 159.7 9 176.5 7 191.0 8 203.3 1 217.0 3 219.6 1 220.2 7 215.8 7 201.6 9 186.1 2 173.2 6 161.9 0 156.2 5 152.4 3 150.4 2 150.2 0 154.9 7 162.2 2 0
. 3 8 0.8 3 6.7 4 0
. 7 2 1.2 7 1.8 2 2.3 9 1.8 1 1.7 0 1.8 8 2.5 8 2.4 1 2.0 3 1.8 4 2.3 5 O "ZIO 2
. 1 8 2
. 1 6 2
. 1 7 2
. 1 7 2.7 1

3.8 3 3.4 0 o.o i 3.4 5 3
. 2 2 3.1 0 2.34
.
• 7 '"'f i •4 - . mim

V 2.4 3 3.3 4 3.1 2 2.6 2 2.3 8 2.6 7 o =; T m- . o o 2.4 8 2.4 6 2.4 6 2.4 6*

_ H * C H f DP.5 1
w-. f—•—

v



# 10 0 

# r

O C D 

# s 

# 20 

# b

O C D 

## -S 2 

# S 

# i o cn

J O 

# " o

C D TD i_
- 

### C D
C D C Z

C D 

## j g C D 

# cr. ti/ 2 

## Overal l Blood =1 6 day s

ti / Blood t

o Kidne y= 15day s ti/ 2 

## Kidne

yto Blood =6 8 days

.ti / 2 

## = 22day s

L 

## ti / Kidne yt o Bloo d = 6. 8 day

s



# 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 100 Tim e Pos

tInjectio n t

o Bloo d (Days )
Figur e2