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103D CONGRESS

1ST SESSION S. 1583

To impose comprehensive economic sanctions against Iran.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

OCTOBER 25 (legislative day, OCTOBER 13), 1993

Mr. D’AMATO introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred

to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs

A BILL

To impose comprehensive economic sanctions against Iran.

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Comprehensive Iran

5 Sanctions Act of 1993’’.

6 SEC. 2. CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS.

7 (a) IRAN’S VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS.—The

8 Congress makes the following findings with respect to

9 Iran’s violations of human rights:

10 (1) As cited by the 1991 United Nations Spe11 cial Representative on Human Rights, Amnesty

12 International, and the United States Department of
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1 State, the Government of Iran has conducted assas2 sinations outside of Iran, such as that of former

3 Prime Minister Shahpour Bakhtiar for which the

4 Government of France issued arrest warrants for

5 several Iranian governmental officials.

6 (2) As cited by the 1991 United Nations Spe7 cial Representative on Human Rights and by Am8 nesty International, the Government of Iran has

9 conducted revolutionary trials which do not meet

10 internationally recognized standards of fairness or

11 justice. These trials have included such violations as

12 a lack of procedural safeguards, trial times of 5 min13 utes or less, limited access to defense counsel, forced

14 confessions, and summary executions.

15 (3) As cited by the 1991 United Nations Spe16 cial Representative on Human Rights, the Govern17 ment of Iran systematically represses its Baha’i pop18 ulation. Persecutions of this small religious commu19 nity include assassinations, arbitrary arrests, elec20 toral prohibitions, and denial of applications for doc21 uments such as passports.

22 (4) As cited by the 1991 United Nations Spe23 cial Representative on Human Rights, the Govern24 ment of Iran suppresses opposition to its govern25 ment. Political organizations such as the Freedom
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1 Movement are banned from parliamentary elections,

2 have their telephones tapped and their mail opened,

3 and are systematically harassed and intimidated.

4 (5) As cited by the 1991 United Nations Spe5 cial Representative on Human Rights and Amnesty

6 International, the Government of Iran has failed to

7 recognize the importance of international human

8 rights. This includes suppression of Iranian human

9 rights movements such as the Freedom Movement,

10 lack of cooperation with international human rights

11 organizations such as the International Red Cross,

12 and an overall apathy toward human rights in gen13 eral. This lack of concern prompted the Special Rep14 resentative to state in his report that Iran had made

15 ‘‘no appreciable progress towards improved compli16 ance with human rights in accordance with the cur17 rent international instruments’’.

18 (6) As cited by Amnesty International, the Gov19 ernment of Iran continues to torture its political

20 prisoners. Torture methods include burns, arbitrary

21 blows, severe beatings, and positions inducing pain.

22 (b) IRAN’S ACTS OF INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM.—

23 The Congress makes the following findings, based on the

24 records of the Department of State, with respect to Iran’s

25 acts of international terrorism:
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1 (1) As cited by the Department of State, the

2 Government of Iran was the greatest supporter of

3 state terrorism in 1992, supporting over 20 terrorist

4 acts, including the bombing of the Israeli Embassy

5 in Buenos Aires that killed 29 people.

6 (2) As cited by the Department of State, the

7 Government of Iran is a sponsor of radical religious

8 groups that have used terrorism as a tool. These in9 clude such groups as Hezballah, HAMAS, the Turk10 ish Islamic Jihad, and the Popular Front for

11 the Liberation of Palestine-General Command

12 (PFLP-GC).

13 (3) As cited by the Department of State, the

14 Government of Iran has resorted to international

15 terrorism as a means of obtaining political gain.

16 These actions have included not only the assassina17 tion of former Prime Minister Bakhitiar, but the

18 death sentence imposed on Salman Rushdie, and the

19 assassination of the leader of the Kurdish Demo20 cratic Party of Iran.

21 (4) As cited by the Department of State and

22 the Vice President’s Task Force on Combatting Ter23 rorism, the Government of Iran has long been a pro24 ponent of terrorist actions against the United

25 States, beginning with the takeover of the United
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1 States Embassy in Tehran in 1979. Iranian support

2 of extremist groups have led to the following attacks

3 upon the United States as well:

4 (A) The car bomb attack on the United

5 States Embassy in Beirut killing 49 in 1983 by

6 the Hezballah.

7 (B) The car bomb attack on the United

8 States Marine Barracks in Beirut killing 241 in

9 1983 by the Hezballah.

10 (C) The assassination of American Univer11 sity President in 1984 by the Hezballah.

12 (D) The kidnapping of all American hos13 tages in Lebanon from 1984–1986 by the

14 Hezballah.

15 SEC. 3. TRADE EMBARGO.

16 (a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection

17 (c), effective on the date of enactment of this Act, a total

18 trade embargo shall be in force between the United States

19 and Iran.

20 (b) COVERED TRANSACTIONS.—As part of such em21 bargo the following transactions are prohibited:

22 (1) Any transaction in the currency exchange of

23 Iran.

24 (2) The transfer of credit or payments between,

25 by, through, or to any banking institution, to the ex-
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1 tent that such transfers or payments involve any in2 terest of Iran or a national thereof.

3 (3) The importing from, or exporting to, Iran

4 of currency or securities.

5 (4) Any acquisition, holding, withholding, use,

6 transfer, withdrawal, transportation, importation or

7 exportation of, or dealing in, or exercising any right,

8 power, or privilege with respect to, or any trans9 action involving, any property in which Iran or any

10 national thereof has any interest; by any person, or

11 with respect to any property, subject to the jurisdic12 tion of the United States.

13 (5) The licensing for export to Iran, or for ex14 port to any other country for reexport to Iran, by

15 any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United

16 States of any item or technology controlled under

17 the Export Administration Act of 1979, the Arms

18 Export Control Act, or the Atomic Energy Act of

19 1954.

20 (6) The importation into the United States of

21 any good or service which is, in whole or in part,

22 grown, produced, manufactured, extracted, or proc23 essed in Iran.

24 (c) EXTRATERRITORIAL APPLICATION.—In addition

25 to the transactions described in subsection (b), the trade
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1 embargo imposed by this Act prohibits any transaction de2 scribed in paragraphs (1) through (4) of that subsection

3 when engaged in by a United States national abroad.

4 (d) EXCEPTIONS.—This section shall not apply to

5 any transaction involving the furnishing, for humanitarian

6 purposes, of food, clothing, medicine, or medical supplies,

7 instruments, or equipment to Iran or to any national

8 thereof.

9 (e) PENALTIES.—Any person who violates this sec10 tion or any license, order, or regulation issued under this

11 section shall be subject to the same penalties as are appli12 cable under section 206 of the International Emergency

13 Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to violations of

14 licenses, orders, or regulations under that Act.

15 (f) APPLICATION TO EXISTING LAW.—This section

16 shall apply notwithstanding any other provision of law or

17 international agreement.

18 SEC. 4. OPPOSITION TO MULTILATERAL ASSISTANCE.

19 (a) INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.—(1)

20 The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United

21 States executive director of each international financial in22 stitution described in paragraph (2) to oppose and vote

23 against any extension of credit or other financial assist24 ance by that institution to Iran.
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1 (2) The international financial institutions referred

2 to in paragraph (1) are the International Bank for Recon3 struction and Development, the International Develop4 ment Association, the Asian Development Bank, and the

5 International Monetary Fund.

6 (b) UNITED NATIONS.—It is the sense of the Con7 gress that the United States Permanent Representative to

8 the United Nations should oppose and vote against the

9 provision of any assistance by the United Nations or any

10 of its specialized agencies to Iran.

11 SEC. 5. WAIVER AUTHORITY.

12 The provisions of sections 3 and 4 shall not apply

13 if the President determines and certifies to the appro14 priate congressional committees that Iran—

15 (1) has substantially improved its adherence to

16 internationally recognized standards of human

17 rights;

18 (2) has ceased its efforts to acquire a nuclear

19 explosive device; and

20 (3) has ceased support for acts of international

21 terrorism.

22 SEC. 6. REPORT REQUIRED.

23 Beginning 60 days after the date of enactment of this

24 Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the President shall sub-
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1 mit to the appropriate congressional committees a report

2 describing—

3 (1) the nuclear and other military capabilities

4 of Iran; and

5 (2) the support, if any, provided by Iran for

6 acts of international terrorism.

7 SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS.

8 For purposes of this Act—

9 (1) the term ‘‘act of international terrorism’’

10 means an act—

11 (A) which is violent or dangerous to

12 human life and that is a violation of the crimi13 nal laws of the United States or of any State

14 or that would be a criminal violation if commit15 ted within the jurisdiction of the United States

16 or any State; and

17 (B) which appears to be intended—

18 (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian

19 population;

20 (ii) to influence the policy of a govern21 ment by intimidation or coercion; or

22 (iii) to affect the conduct of a govern23 ment by assassination or kidnapping.

24 (2) the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com25 mittees’’ means the Committee on Foreign Relations
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1 of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs

2 of the House of Representatives;

3 (3) the term ‘‘Iran’’ includes any agency or in4 strumentality of Iran;

5 (4) the term ‘‘United States’’ means the several

6 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth

7 of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern

8 Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the Vir9 gin Islands, and any other territory or possession of

10 the United States; and

11 (5) the term ‘‘United States national’’ means—

12 (A) a natural person who is a citizen of the

13 United States or who owes permanent alle14 giance to the United States;

15 (B) a corporation or other legal entity

16 which is organized under the laws of the United

17 States, any State or territory thereof, or the

18 District of Columbia, if natural persons who are

19 nationals of the United States own, directly or

20 indirectly, more than 50 percent of the out21 standing capital stock or other beneficial inter22 est in such legal entity; and

23 (C) any foreign subsidiary of a corporation

24 or other legal entity described in subparagraph

25 (B).
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