2

In accordance with the new chemical screen for copper pyrithione (June 2, 2004) and after 

review of the available environmental fate data (Environmental Fate Science Chapter on Zinc 

Pyrithione (Zinc Omadine®) and Proposed Bridging to Copper Pyrithione, J. Breithaupt, 

RASSB/AD, November 17, 2010), a full ecotoxicity data set for copper pyrithione is not being 

required. The fate and effects data submitted by the registrant for copper pyrithione are 

considered sufficiently similar to the existing data for zinc pyrithione to allow bridging between 

these two pyrithione compounds. 

Predictions of exposure (EECs) for the risk assessment are based on MAM-PEC, a European 

model developed to predict concentrations of antifoulant pesticides in aquatic environments (e. g., 

marinas, harbors, surrounding areas). MAM-PEC scenarios modeled for copper pyrithione 

include inland and coastal marinas and an estuarine harbor. EECs are calculated for the water 

column and sediment within each setting. RASSB's hazard and risk conclusions are summarized 

below and presented in more detail in the attached ecological risk assessment.

Hazard and Risk Conclusions:

 • Copper pyrithione is very highly toxic to freshwater and saltwater fish and aquatic 

invertebrates and slightly to moderately toxic to terrestrial animals; based on acute 

toxicity, a precautionary hazards statement is required for aquatic organisms (see label 

requirements below)

 • Two freshwater (inland) and two saltwater (coastal) scenarios were modeled using 

exposure predictions from MAM-PEC. The following LOCs are exceeded for acute risk 

to aquatic organisms inhabiting the water column: 

LOCs exceeded

Scenario Listed spp.1 Non-listed spp.

Inland Marina: Fish, acute

Aquatic invertebrates, acute

None

Inland Small Marina: Fish, acute

Aquatic invertebrates, acute

Fish, acute

Coastal Marina: Aquatic invertebrates, acute None

Coastal Harbor: None None

For the freshwater scenarios, 135 listed fish species or populations and more than 100 

listed species of aquatic invertebrates (e. g., clams, snails, crustaceans) are potentially at 

risk (http://www.fws.gov/endangered/species/us-species.html). 

 

1

Federally designated as endangered or threatened
3

For the estuarine/marine scenarios, four listed species are potentially at risk. These 

species include the white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni) and black abalone (H. cracherodii) 

in 13 counties off the coast of southern California; and the elkhorn coral (Acropora 

palmate) and staghorn coral (A. cervicornis) in coastal Miami-Dade and Monroe counties 

in southern Florida and in coastal areas of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

 

 • The chronic LOC is not exceeded for any taxa for any scenario

 • The LOC is not exceed for listed and non-listed aquatic plants for any scenario

• Based on low predicted concentrations in sediment after one year in relation to the 

sediment-based toxicity of copper pyrithione to freshwater and marine amphipods, 

minimal risks are presumed for exposure to sediment containing copper pyrithione 

leached from watercraft hulls

 • Two degradates tested are only slightly to practically nontoxic to aquatic plants and 

animals

 • Copper pyrithione is not presumed to pose risks to terrestrial animals, due to its low 

toxicity to birds and mammals and little potential for bioaccumulation 

Label requirements: 

All product labels must have the following ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS statement: 

"This pesticide is toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms. Do not apply directly to water 

by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes. Do not allow chips and dust generated 

during paint removal to enter water. Do not discharge effluent containing this product 

into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or other waters unless in accordance with 

the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit 

and the permitting authorities are notified in writing prior to discharge. Do not discharge 

effluent containing this product to sewer systems without previously notifying the local 

sewage treatment plant authority. For guidance contact your State Water Board or 

Regional Office of the EPA." 

Required guideline studies:

No additional guideline studies are required at this time. However, when additional information 

becomes available (see below) to enable a more refined risk assessment for U. S. waters, the 

following study may be required:

Fish life cycle (850.1500); reserved
4

Additional information needed:

Additional information is needed to better refine the risk assessment for U. S. harbors and 

marinas. Such information includes but is not limited to the following:

 • Dimensions of marinas and harbors

 • Number and sizes of watercraft in the facility, including seasonal and geographical 

variations

 • Environmental inputs including tides and currents, water temperature, salinity, pH, 

sediment density, and others
5

Table of Contents

Memorandum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Ecological Hazards Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Ecological Risk Assessment and Characterization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Aquatic Exposure Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Aquatic Risk Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Freshwater Fish and Invertebrates Exposed in the Water Column, Acute. . . . . . . . . . 13

Estuarine/marine Fish and Invertebrates Exposed in the Water Column, Acute. . . . . 14

Aquatic Organisms Exposed in the Water Column, Chronic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Invertebrates Exposed to Contaminated Sediments, Acute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Aquatic Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Aquatic Risk Characterization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Terrestrial Risk Characterization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Endangered Species Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Appendix A: Data Requirements and Available Guideline Ecotoxicity Data for 

Copper Pyrithione . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

24

Appendix B: Copper Pyrithione MAM-PEC Runs for U. S. Inland and Coastal Marinas 

and Harbors and Surrounding Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6

Ecological Hazard and Environment Risk Assessment

Copper Pyrithione

Copper pyrithione (also referred to as copper omadine) is a new chemical intended for use as an 

antifoulant paint on watercraft. The MUP is COPPER OMADINE POWDER AF (copper 2-

pyridinethiol-1-oxide, 98%). The end-use product is intended for below-waterline application to 

fiberglass, wood and properly primed metal boat hulls and parts in fresh, salt and brackish 

waters. It is not for use on aluminum hulls. 

Both a hazards and risk assessment have been conducted. A risk assessment is required, because 

the intended use of copper pyrithione as an antifoulant coating will result in exposure of aquatic 

organisms due to leaching of the active ingredient into the aquatic environment. The hazards 

assessment is used to meet current labeling requirements for precautionary statements and to 

determine toxicity endpoints for the ecological risk assessment.

Ecological Hazards Assessment

The toxicity endpoints used in OPP's assessments are obtained from guideline toxicity studies 

conducted for wildlife, aquatic organisms, and plants (40 CFR §158). Guideline studies are 

required to provide acute and reproductive/chronic measures of effect for one or more test 

species in several taxonomic groups. Some studies are only required on a case-by-case basis, 

depending on factors such as use patterns and environmental fate characteristics. 

The full complement of acute and chronic ecotoxicity data available for copper pyrithione and 

zinc pyrithione and two degradates (pyridine sulfonic acid and pyrithione sulfonic acid) are 

presented in Appendix A. The most sensitive species in each taxa/group is used in the 

assessment. Those data are tabulated below (Table 1). The data characterize copper pyrithione 

as being highly to very highly toxic freshwater and saltwater fish and invertebrates and slightly 

to moderately toxic to birds and mammals. A precautionary hazards label statement is required 

for aquatic organisms.

Table 1. Ecotoxicity Data Used in the Hazard and Risk Assessment

Category/

 Species

Measurement

endpoint

Toxicity

endpoint

Toxicity

category

Birds:

 Northern bobwhite

acute LD50 60 mg ai/kg bw moderately toxic

dietary LC50 1063 ppm ai slightly toxic

Mammals:

 Laboratory rat acute LD50 630 mg ai/kg bw (♂)

460 mg ai/kg bw (♀)

slightly to moderately 

toxic

Freshwater fish:
7

 Fathead minnow acute LC50 2.6 μg ai/L very highly toxic

chronic NOEC 0.98 μg ai/L

Freshwater invertebrates:

 Waterflea

acute EC50 8.2 μg ai/L very highly toxic

chronic NOEC 2.7 μg ai/L

Estuarine/marine fish:

 Sheepshead minnow acute LC50 400 μg ai/L highly toxic

chronic NOEC no data

Estuarine/marine invertebrates:

 Mysid shrimp acute LC50 4.7 μg ai/L very highly toxic

chronic NOEC 2.2 μg ai/L

Aquatic plants:

 Duckweed

EC50 8.8 μg ai/L n/a

NOEC 4.0 μg ai/L

 Freshwater diatom EC50 2.6 μg ai/L n/a

 Saltwater diatom EC50 0.65 μg ai/L n/a

Sediment toxicity:

 Freshwater amphipod EC50 or LC50 2.1 mg/kg dry wt n/a

 Saltwater amphipod EC50 or LC50 <1.08 mg/kg dry wt n/a

The toxicity data for the two degradates tested are presented in Tables 5A, 6A, and 8A in 

Appendix A. The degradates are only slightly to practically nontoxic to aquatic organisms.

Ecological Risk Assessment and Characterization

Risk assessment and characterization integrates exposure and toxicity information to evaluate the 

potential for adverse ecological effects. Risk quotients (RQs) are determined for each taxa or 

ecological group by comparing exposure estimates (Estimated Environmental Concentrations, 

EECs) to the available acute and chronic ecotoxicity values, where: 

RQ = Exposure estimate (EEC) / Toxicity value

RQs are compared to OPP's levels of concern (LOCs). Exceedance of an LOC indicates a 

potential for acute or chronic adverse effects on nontarget organisms and identifies a need for 

regulatory action to mitigate risk. LOCs currently address the following risk presumptions: 

acute: regulatory action may be warranted to reduce or preclude 

acute exposure

acute, listed species: additional regulatory action may be warranted to protect 

listed (i.e., endangered or threatened) species
8

chronic: regulatory action may be needed to reduce or preclude 

chronic exposure 

The LOCs for the various risk presumptions are listed below for terrestrial and aquatic animals 

and plants:

Aquatic 

Animals

Terrestrial 

Animals Plants

Acute: 0.5 0.5 1

Acute, listed species: 0.05 0.1 1

Chronic: 1 1 n/a

The following toxicity endpoints are used as inputs to the RQ method for expressing risk: 

Aquatic Animals

Acute: Lowest tested EC50 or LC50 for freshwater fish and 

invertebrates and estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates 

Chronic: Lowest NOEC for freshwater fish and invertebrates and 

estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates (early life-stage or 

full life-cycle tests)

Terrestrial Animals

Avian acute: Lowest LD50 (single oral dose) and LC50 (subacute 

dietary)

Avian chronic: Lowest NOEC (21-week avian reproduction test)

Mammalian 

acute:

Lowest LD50 from single oral dose test.

Mammalian

chronic:

Lowest NOEC for two-generation reproduction test

Plants

Terrestrial: Lowest EC25 values from both seedling emergence and 

vegetative vigor for both monocots and dicots

Terrestrial

listed:

Lowest EC05 or NOEC for both seedling emergence and 

vegetative vigor for both monocots and dicots

Aquatic vascular

and algae:

Lowest EC50 

Aquatic vascular

listed:

NOEC or EC05

When available, toxicity measures or other appropriate information from non-guideline studies 

or from the open literature also may be used to characterize and refine risks. 
9

OPP generally uses computer simulation models to estimate exposure of aquatic organisms to an 

active ingredient. These models estimate EECs in surface waters and sediment using productlabel information (e.g., treatment site, application rate, application method) and available 

environmental-fate data to determine how rapidly the pesticide degrades and its expected 

movement in environmental compartments. The model used in the current risk assessment is 

described in more detail in the Aquatic Exposure Assessment section.

For aquatic organisms, the following EECs are typically used to calculate the RQ for each taxa:

Fish

Acute:

Chronic:

Instantaneous 

60-day average

Invertebrates

Acute: 

Chronic:

Instantaneous

21-day average

Plants

Acute: 

Chronic:

Instantaneous

Not applicable

Aquatic Exposure Assessment

EECs in the water column and sediment are estimated using MAM-PEC (v. 2.0)2,3. The MAMPEC model was developed by the Institute of Environmental Studies/IVM and Delft Hydraulics 

for the European Paint Makers Association to predict environmental concentrations of 

antifoulant paints/coatings in various marine environments (e.g., marinas, harbors, surrounding 

waters). The model accounts for a variety of emission factors (e.g., leaching rate, watercraft 

numbers and sizes, residence times, watercraft-hull underwater surface areas), compound-related 

properties and processes (e.g., Kd, Kow, Koc, volatilization, speciation, hydrolysis, photolysis, 

biodegradation), and environmental properties and processes (e.g. currents, tides, salinity, DOC, 

suspended matter load, port dimensions). The default scenarios in MAM-PEC allow the user to 

alter input values for the specific locality being assessed if data are available. For example, the 

dimensions of the default marina (see below) can be altered for the known dimensions of a 

 

2

van Hattum B., A.C Baart, and J.G. Boon. 2002. Computer model to generate predicted

environmental concentrations (PECs) for antifouling products in the marine environment - 2nd 

ed. accompanying the release of Mam-Pec version 1.4, IVM Report (E-02/04), Institute for 

Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

3 OECD. 2005. Emission Scenario Document on Antifouling Products. OECD Environmental 

Health and Safety Publications, OECD Series on Emission Scenario Documents No. 13, 

ENV/JM/MONO(2005)8, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 166 pp.
10

specific marina, or to predict aquatic EECs for marinas of different sizes. The number and sizes 

of watercraft also can be changed, as well as the percentage of craft treated if actual usage 

information is obtained. With a few modifications (e. g., latitude, water temperature, salinity and 

tidal factors), RASSB is using the default scenarios provided by MAM-PEC for the current 

assessment of copper pyrithione. These scenarios can be further refined when additional 

information on the dimensions and physical and chemical properties of U. S. coastal and inland 

marinas and harbors become available. 

The estimated leaching rate of copper pyrithione from painted hulls was determined from two 

leaching studies conducted by the registrant and submitted to and reviewed by RASSB. 

Maximum and average EECs are predicted for the water column and over time in sediment, both 

within the marina or harbor and in the surrounding waters. EECs are generated for the highest 

leaching rates (9.3 μg/cm2/day, dark red formulation; 6.5 μg/cm2/day, brown formulation) for all 

scenarios. For each scenario, in the absence of any usage information, it is assumed that 100% 

of the craft are treated. If usage information becomes available, the scenarios can be refined to 

reflect that information. The EECs generated by MAM-PEC are used for both acute and chronic 

exposure. The leaching rate varied little over the 45-day study period in both studies (MRIDs 

471077-09 and 471077-10) as illustrated below.

Leaching Rates of Copper Pyrithione Paints

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0 10 20 30 40 50

Time (days)

rate (ug/cm2/day)

Dark red Brown

The inland (freshwater) and coastal (saltwater) marina and harbor scenarios used in this 

assessment are briefly described below. Details of the specific runs, including all input values

and predicted water-column and sediment EECs are provided in Appendix B. Further 

descriptions of the MAM-PEC model default scenarios are provided in the OECD (2005) 

Emission Scenario Document on Antifouling Products. 
11

Inland Marina

MAM-PEC scenario: default estuarine harbor (no tidal factors, minimal salinity) 

Dimensions: 400 x 400 m, 3.5 m deep

No. craft at berth: 299 (10-50 m in length)

Underwater area of individual craft: 22.5 m

2

See Appendix B1a,b for additional specifications on this scenario

Inland Small Marina

MAM-PEC scenario: modified default Swiss marina scenario from OECD (2005)

Dimensions: 100 x 100 m, 2 m deep

No. craft at berth: 75 (<10 m in length)

Underwater area of individual craft: 10 m

2

See Appendix B2a,b for additional specifications on this scenario

Coastal Marina

MAM-PEC scenario: default marina 

Dimensions: 400 x 400 m, 3.5 m deep

No. craft at berth: 299 (10-50 m in length)

Underwater area of individual craft: 22.5 m

2

See Appendix B3a,b for additional specifications on this scenario

Coastal Harbor 

MAM-PEC scenario: default estuarine harbor

Dimensions: 1000 x 5000 m, 15 m deep

No. craft at berth: 24 (50-100 m to 250-300 m in length)

Underwater area of individual craft: 450 to 14,814 m

2

See Appendix B4a,b for additional specifications on this scenario

MAM-PEC predicted EECs in the water column are presented in Table 2 for the inland scenarios 

and in Table 3 for the coastal scenarios. Table 4 presents the MAM-PEC predicted maximum 

sediment concentrations after one year in the marina or harbor and in the surrounding waters. 

Average predicted sediment concentrations did not change after two, five, and 10 years (see 

Appendix B). These predictions are further discussed in the Aquatic Risk Assessment section 

entitled Invertebrates Exposed to Contaminated Sediments, Acute. 
12

Table 2. MAM-PEC Predicted Water-column EECs for Inland Marinas and Surrounding 

Waters

Leaching rate 

(g/cm2/day)

Marina or Harbor

EEC (μg/L)

Surrounding-water

EEC (μg/L)

max. avg. max. avg.

Inland Marina:

9.3 0.409 0.269 0.024 0.001

6.5 0.286 0.188 0.017 <0.001

Inland Small Marina:

9.3 1.560 0.981 0.062 0.006

6.5 1.090 0.686 0.043 0.004

Table 3. MAM-PEC Predicted Water-column EECs for Coastal Marinas and Harbors and 

Surrounding Waters

Leaching rate 

(g/cm2/day)

Marina or Harbor

EEC (μg/L)

Surrounding-water

EEC (μg/L)

max. avg. max. avg.

Coastal Marina:

9.3 0.418 0.276 0.024 0.001

6.5 0.286 0.188 0.017 <0.001

Coastal Harbor:

9.3 0.097 0.048 0.016 0.003

6.5 0.068 0.033 0.011 0.002
13

Table 4. MAM-PEC Predicted Maximum Sediment Concentrations for Inland and Coastal 

Marinas and Harbors 

Environment Leaching rate 

(g/cm2/day)

Max. concentration (μg/g dry wt) after 1 year

marina or harbor surrounding waters

Inland Marina

9.3 4.84E-07 2.82E-08

6.5 3.38E-07 1.97E-08

Inland Small Marina

9.3 1.84E-06 7.34E-08

6.5 1.29E-06 5.13E-08

Coastal Marina

9.3 2.48E-06 1.46E-07

6.5 1.69E-06 9.86E-08

Coastal Harbor

9.3 5.72E-07 9.34E-08

6.5 4.00E-07 6.53E-08

Aquatic Risk Assessment

Freshwater Fish and Invertebrates Exposed in the Water Column, Acute

RQs based on acute toxicity to the most sensitive freshwater fish species (fathead minnow) and 

invertebrate species (waterflea) exceed the acute LOC for listed (e.g., threatened and 

endangered) species in the inland marina scenarios, even when RQs are based on average EECs 

(Tables 5 and 6). Non-listed fish also are at risk from high exposure in small marinas. No LOC 

is exceeded for either fish or aquatic invertebrates in the waters surrounding inland marinas.

Table 5. Acute Risk Quotients for Freshwater Fish and Invertebrates Exposed in the 

Water Column of an Inland Marina (400 x 400 m, 3.5 m deep) and Surrounding Waters

 Site/

 Taxa

Leaching 

rate

(g/cm2/day)

EEC (μg ai/L) LC50/EC50

(μg ai/L)

Acute RQ

max. avg max. avg

Inland Marina:

Fish

9.3 0.409 0.269

2.6

0.16* 0.10*

6.5 0.286 0.188 0.11* 0.07*

Invertebrates

9.3 0.409 0.269

8.2

0.05* 0.03

6.5 0.286 0.188 0.03 0.02

Surrounding waters:

Fish 9.3 0.024 0.001 2.6 <0.01 <0.01
14

 Site/

 Taxa

Leaching 

rate

(g/cm2/day)

EEC (μg ai/L) LC50/EC50

(μg ai/L)

Acute RQ

max. avg max. avg

6.5 0.017 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01

Invertebrates

9.3 0.024 0.001

8.2

<0.01 <0.01

6.5 0.017 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01

 * exceeds the LOC for listed species (RQ >0.05)

Table 6. Acute Risk Quotients for Freshwater Fish and Invertebrates Exposed in the 

Water Column of an Inland Small Marina (100 x 100 m, 2 m deep)

 Site/

 Taxa

Leaching 

rate

(g/cm2/day)

EEC (μg ai/L) LC50/EC50

(μg ai/L)

Acute RQ

max. avg max. avg

Inland Small Marina:

 Fish

9.3 1.560 0.981

2.6

0.60** 0.34*

6.5 1.090 0.686 0.42* 0.26*

Invertebrates

9.3 1.560 0.981

8.2

0.19* 0.12*

6.5 1.090 0.686 0.13* 0.08*

Surrounding waters:

 Fish

9.3 0.062 0.006

2.6

0.02 <0.01

6.5 0.043 0.004 0.02 <0.01

Invertebrates

9.3 0.062 0.006

8.2

<0.01 <0.01

6.5 0.043 0.004 <0.01 <0.01

** exceeds the LOC for listed (RQ >0.05) and non-listed (RQ >0.5) species

 * exceeds the LOC for listed species

Estuarine/marine Fish and Invertebrates Exposed in the Water Column, Acute

RQs based on acute toxicity to the sheepshead minnow and mysid shrimp and maximum and 

average EECs in the water column exceed the acute LOC only for listed invertebrates in the 

coastal marina scenario (Table 7). No LOC is exceeded for the harbor scenario, even at 

predicted maximum exposure (Table 8), or in the waters surrounding the marina. 
15

Table 7. Acute Risk Quotients for Saltwater Fish and Invertebrates Exposed in the Water 

Column of a Coastal Marina and Surrounding Waters

 Site/

 Taxa

Leaching 

rate

(g/cm2/day)

EEC (μg ai/L) LC50

(μg ai/L)

Acute RQ

max. avg max. avg

Coastal Marina:

 Fish

9.3 0.418 0.276

400

<0.01 <0.01

6.5 0.286 0.188 <0.01 <0.01

Invertebrates

9.3 0.418 0.276

4.7

0.09* 0.06*

6.5 0.286 0.188 0.06* 0.04

Surrounding waters:

Fish

9.3 0.024 0.001

400

<0.01 <0.01

6.5 0.017 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01

Invertebrates

9.3 0.024 0.001

4.7

<0.01 <0.01

6.5 0.017 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01

*exceeds the LOC for listed species (RQ >0.05) 

Table 8. Acute Risk Quotients for Saltwater Fish and Invertebrates Exposed in the Water 

Column of a Coastal Harbor and Surrounding Waters

 Site/

 Taxa

Leaching 

rate

(g/cm2/day)

EEC (μg ai/L) LC50

(μg ai/L)

Acute RQ

max. avg max. avg

Coastal Harbor:

Fish

9.3 0.097 0.048

400

<0.01 <0.01

6.5 0.068 0.033 <0.01 <0.01

Invertebrates

9.3 0.097 0.048

4.7

0.02 0.01

6.5 0.068 0.033 0.01 <0.01

Surrounding waters:

Fish

9.3 0.016 0.003

400

<0.01 <0.01

6.5 0.011 0.002 <0.01 <0.01

Invertebrates 9.3 0.016 0.003 4.7 <0.01 <0.01
16

 Site/

 Taxa

Leaching 

rate

(g/cm2/day)

EEC (μg ai/L) LC50

(μg ai/L)

Acute RQ

max. avg max. avg

6.5 0.011 0.002 <0.01 <0.01

Aquatic Organisms Exposed in the Water Column, Chronic

No chronic LOC is exceeded for any of the inland or coastal scenarios, even at maximum 

exposure (i. e., highest leaching rate, highest predicted EECs; Tables 9-12). Therefore, chronic 

risk to freshwater and saltwater fish and invertebrates is considered to be minimal for the 

proposed antifoulant use of copper pyrithione.

Table 9. Chronic Risk Quotients for Freshwater Fish and Invertebrates Exposed in the 

Water Column of an Inland Marina (400 x 400 m, 3.5 m deep) and Surrounding Waters

 Site/

 Taxa

Leaching 

rate

(g/cm2/day)

EEC (μg ai/L) NOEC

(μg ai/L)

Chronic RQ

max. avg max. avg

Inland Marina:

Fish

9.3 0.409 0.269

0.98

0.42 0.27

6.5 0.286 0.188 0.29 0.19

Invertebrates

9.3 0.409 0.269

2.7

0.15 0.10

6.5 0.286 0.188 0.10 0.07

Surrounding waters:

Fish

9.3 0.024 0.001

0.98

0.02 <0.01

6.5 0.017 <0.001 0.02 <0.01

Invertebrates

9.3 0.024 0.001

2.7

<0.01 <0.01

6.5 0.017 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01
17

Table 10. Chronic Risk Quotients for Freshwater Fish and Invertebrates Exposed in the 

Water Column of an Inland Small Marina (100 x 100 m, 2 m deep)

 Site/

 Taxa

Leaching 

rate

(g/cm2/day)

EEC (μg ai/L) NOEC

(μg ai/L)

Chronic RQ

max. avg max. avg

Inland Small Marina:

 Fish

9.3 1.560 0.981

0.98

1.6* 1.0*

6.5 1.090 0.686 1.1* 0.7

Invertebrates

9.3 1.560 0.981

2.7

0.6 0.36

6.5 1.090 0.686 0.4 0.25

Surrounding waters:

Fish

9.3 0.062 0.006

0.98

0.06 <0.01

6.5 0.043 0.004 0.04 <0.01

Invertebrates

9.3 0.062 0.006

2.7

0.02 <0.01

6.5 0.043 0.004 0.02 <0.01

* exceeds the chronic LOC (RQ >1) for listed and nonlisted species

Table 11. Chronic Risk Quotients for Saltwater Invertebrates Exposed in the Water 

Column of a Coastal Marina and Surrounding Waters

 Site/

 Taxa

Leaching 

rate

(g/cm2/day)

EEC (μg ai/L) NOEC

(μg ai/L)

Chronic RQ

max. avg max. avg

Coastal Marina:

Invertebrates

9.3 0.418 0.276

2.2

0.2 0.1

6.5 0.286 0.188 0.1 <0.1

Surrounding waters:

Invertebrates

9.3 0.024 0.001

2.2

<0.1 <0.1

6.5 0.017 <0.001 <0.1 <0.1
18

Table 12. Chronic Risk Quotients for Saltwater Fish and Invertebrates Exposed in the 

Water Column of a Coastal Harbor and Surrounding Waters

 Site/

 Taxa

Leaching 

rate

(g/cm2/day)

EEC (μg ai/L) NOEC

(μg ai/L)

Chronic RQ

max. avg max. avg

Coastal Harbor:

Invertebrates

9.3 0.097 0.048

2.2

<0.1 <0.1

6.5 0.068 0.033 <0.1 <0.1

Surrounding waters:

Invertebrates

9.3 0.016 0.003

2.2

<0.1 <0.1

6.5 0.011 0.002 <0.1 <0.1

Invertebrates Exposed to Contaminated Sediments, Acute

Minimal risk is presumed for benthic organisms exposed to copper pyrithione in sediments of 

marinas or harbors. RQs based on the highest maximum sediment concentrations are several 

orders of magnitude below the LOC (Table 13). RQs based on average EECs and lower leaching 

rates would be even lower than those tabulated for the highest exposure scenarios. Some 

uncertainty exists for saltwater invertebrates, because a definitive toxicity value was not 

established. However, because the exposure values are exceedingly low, it seems highly 

unlikely that establishing the toxicity to saltwater invertebrates would lead to any exceedance of 

the LOC. 

Table 13. Acute Risk Quotients for Freshwater and Saltwater Invertebrates Exposed to 

Contaminated Sediment in Inland and Coastal Marinas

Site/

 Taxa

Leaching rate

(g/cm2/day)

Max. EEC

(μg/g dry wt)

Toxicity

(μg/g dry wt)

Max.

Acute RQ

Inland Small Marina:

Freshwater amphipod 9.3 0.0000018 2.1 <<0.01

Coastal Marina:

Saltwater amphipod 9.3 0.0000017 <1.08 <<0.01

It should be mentioned that MAM-PEC predicted sediment concentrations after 2, 5, and 10 

years are the same as those predicted after one year. Those predictions are based solely on the 
19

initial exposure at Day 0 and do not consider any subsequent copper pyrithione input into the 

aquatic environment. In fact, existing watercraft would be retreated, new craft may be treated, 

and other treated craft may be entering marinas. Therefore, sediment concentrations might 

actually increase over time, not remain constant, and this adds some uncertainty to the exposure 

and risk assessment.

Aquatic Plants

RQs for nonlisted species are presented in Table 14 for both freshwater and saltwater aquatic 

plants, based on the various exposure scenarios and the toxicity to duckweed (vascular sp.) and 

the most sensitive non-vascular species (algae or diatom). The LOC is not exceeded for vascular 

and non-vascular species in any inland or coastal scenario. The LOC for listed vascular species 

also is not exceeded for any scenario at maximum exposure (Table 15).

Table 14. Risk Quotients for Nonlisted Aquatic Plant Species (vascular and non-vascular) 

Exposed in the Water Column of Inland and Coastal Marinas and Harbors

 Site/

 Taxa

Leaching rate

(g/cm2/day)

EEC (μg ai/L) EC50

(μg ai/L)

RQ

max. avg max. avg

Inland Marina:

Vascular spp.

9.3

0.409 0.269 8.8 <0.1 <0.1

Non-vascular spp. 0.409 0.269 2.6 0.2 0.1

Inland Small Marina:

Vascular spp.

9.3 1.560 0.981

8.8

0.2 0.1

6.5 1.090 0.686 0.1 <0.1

Non-vascular spp.

9.3 1.560 0.981

2.6

0.6 0.4

6.5 1.090 0.686 0.4 0.3

Coastal Marina:

Vascular spp.

9.3

0.418 0.276 8.8 <0.1 <0.1

Non-vascular spp.

0.418 0.276

2.6

0.2 0.1

6.5 0.286 0.188 0.1 <0.1

Coastal Harbor:

Vascular spp.

9.3

0.097 0.048 8.8 <0.1 <0.1

Non-vascular spp. 0.068 0.033 2.6 <0.1 <0.1
20

Table 15. Risk Quotients for Listed Vascular Aquatic Plant Species Exposed in the Water 

Column of Inland and Coastal Marinas and Harbors

 Site/

 Taxa

Leaching 

rate

(g/cm2/day)

EEC (μg ai/L) NOEC

(μg ai/L)

RQ

max. avg max. avg

Inland Marina:

Vascular spp.

9.3 0.409 0.269

4.0

0.1 <0.1

6.5 0.286 0.188 <0.1 <0.1

Inland Small Marina:

Vascular spp.

9.3 1.560 0.981

4.0

0.4 0.2

6.5 1.090 0.686 0.3 0.2

Coastal Marina:

Vascular spp.

9.3 0.418 0.276

4.0

0.1 <0.1

6.5 0.286 0.188 <0.1 <0.1

Coastal Harbor:

Vascular spp.

9.3 0.097 0.048

4.0

<0.1 <0.1

6.5 0.068 0.033 <0.1 <0.1

 

Aquatic Risk Characterization

Based on the predicted exposure levels and the risk quotient methodology, RASSB presumes that 

the leaching of copper pyrithione from watercraft will pose an acute risk to listed (i. e., 

threatened and endangered) fish and aquatic invertebrates inhabiting inland (freshwater) marinas. 

Nonlisted fish also may be at risk in small inland marinas. In coastal (saltwater) settings, listed 

invertebrates are presumed at risk in marinas, but no acute LOC is exceeded for the harbor

scenario. For both inland and coastal settings, minimal risks are presumed for nontarget aquatic 

plants, chronic exposure to fish and invertebrates, and exposure of invertebrates to contaminated 

sediment.

Because copper pyrithione is very highly toxic to most freshwater and saltwater organisms in the 

water column, potential risks largely depend on the extent of exposure to the leachate. Leaching 

data are available for two of the four proposed color formulations, but many uncertainties exist in 

the exposure assessment. For the screening assessment, RASSB is relying on the MAM-PEC 

European scenarios, with minor modifications (e.g., temperature, pH) for expected U. S. 

conditions. The MAM-PEC scenarios consider many measured variables for European settings, 
21

including hydrological and environmental factors, compartment sizes (e.g., marinas, harbors), 

and watercraft sizes and numbers in marinas and harbors. For example, the default marina 

scenario in MAM-PEC is based on an actual French Mediterranean marina in the Golfe Juan 

(Van Hattum et al. 2002). The extent to which these European conditions approximate those of 

U. S. marinas and harbors is unknown and needs to be determined. The risk assessment could be 

refined if such information on U. S. coastal and inland marinas and harbors were available. Such 

relevant information would include environmental and hydrological conditions, typical 

dimensions (and range of dimensions) of freshwater and coastal marinas and harbors, number 

and sizes of watercraft, antifoulant usage, geographical variations in these factors, and others.

RASSB notes that the EECs in this assessment are based only on the in-service use of copper 

pyrithione leaching from watercraft hulls in the water. Emission to the environment also can 

occur at application of the antifoulant paint to the hull and at removal of paint from the hull 

(OECD 2005). The product label states that removed paint chips must be kept out of the water, it 

is likely that some will enter the aquatic environment in some situations. Such additional 

exposure may add to risk, but the extent of that exposure is uncertain at this time and is not 

addressed in the risk assessment.

It also should be strongly emphasized that copper oxide also will be leaching from the proposed

end-use product, which consists of 3.96% copper pyrithione and 36.2% cuprous oxide. While 

RASSB only assesses risks from individual active ingredients, aquatic organisms will be exposed 

to both copper pyrithione and cuprous oxide leaching simultaneously from this antifoulant paint 

into the aquatic environment. Cuprous oxide also is highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and 

combined exposure to these two active ingredients will likely results in more severe acute and 

chronic affects than if the product consisted solely of copper pyrithione. A more refined risk 

assessment for the end-use product would consider the exposure and risk from the simultaneous 

exposure of aquatic organisms to both active ingredients.

Copper pyrithione, because it rapidly photodegrades into less toxic degradates, has been touted 

as posing considerably less risk to aquatic organisms than do some other current or formerly 

registered antifoulants (e.g., TBT). While photodegradation does occur rapidly in the presence 

of sunlight, photodegradation may be much less pronounced or minimal under conditions of low 

light attenuation, such as beneath watercraft, docks, and mooring structures or in the murky 

waters typical of many marinas. Bellas et al. (2005) examined the toxicity of zinc pyrithione to 

sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) and mussel (Mytilus edulis). Toxic effects on larval growth of 

sea urchin were detected at concentrations as low as 0.16 μg ai/L. The authors calculated RQs 

based on predicted environmental concentrations reported by Madsen et al. (2000 as cited in 

Bellas et al. 2005) in a pleasure-craft harbor in Europe. When photodegradation was ignored, 

RQs = 15 for mussels and 106 for urchins. However, even when photodegradation was 

considered, RQs = 4.9 for mussels and 35 for urchins. The authors conclude, based on their 

assertion that an RQ >1 presumes risk, that zinc pyrithione predicted concentrations in marinas 

pose a threat to mussel and urchin early stages regardless of whether photodegradation is a factor 

or not.
22

Terrestrial Risk Characterization

Birds and mammals are presumed to have little exposure to copper pyrithione from its use as an 

antifoulant coating on boat hulls. Possible routes of exposure include dermal uptake by 

swimming and wading birds in harbors and consumption of fish and invertebrates containing

copper pyrithione residues. Based on the available data bridged from zinc pyrithione, RASSB 

assumes that copper pyrithione is not likely to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms 

(bioconcentration factor <1 for zinc pyrithione). In addition, copper pyrithione is not highly 

toxic to birds or mammals and predicted water concentrations are exceedingly low (parts per 

trillion). Therefore, ingestion of prey items exposed to copper pyrithione is not likely to pose 

much risk to birds or wild mammals. Possible adverse affects from dermal exposure are 

unknown.

Endangered Species Considerations

Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA), 16 U.S.C. Section 1536(a)(2), requires that 

federal agencies consult with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) for marine and 

andronomus listed species, or with the United States Fish and Wildlife Services (FWS) for listed 

wildlife and freshwater organisms, if proposing an "action" that may affect listed species or their 

designated habitat. Each federal agency is required under the Act to insure that any action they 

authorize, fund, or carry out is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species 

or result in the destruction or adverse modification of designated critical habitat. To jeopardize 

the continued existence of a listed species is to "to engage in an action that reasonably would be 

expected, directly or indirectly, to reduce appreciably the likelihood of both the survival and 

recovery of a listed species in the wild by reducing the reproduction, numbers, or distribution of 

the species." 50 C.F.R. §402.02.

To comply with subsection (a)(2) of the ESA, EPA’s Office of Pesticide Programs has 

established procedures to evaluate whether a proposed registration action may directly or 

indirectly appreciably reduce the likelihood of both the survival and recovery of a listed species 

in the wild by reducing the reproduction, numbers, or distribution of any listed species (U.S. 

EPA 2004). If any of the Listed Species LOC Criteria are exceeded for either direct or indirect 

effects in the Agency’s screening-level risk assessment, the Agency identifies any listed or 

candidate species that may occur spatially and temporally in the footprint of the proposed use. 

Further biological assessment is undertaken to refine the risk. The extent to which any species 

may be at risk determines the need to develop a more comprehensive consultation package as 

required by the ESA.

The assessment for the proposed antifoulant paint use indicates that there is a potential for 

copper pyrithione exposure of listed freshwater and estuarine/marine organisms, and a more 

refined assessment is warranted for direct, indirect, and habitat effects. The refined assessment 

will involve clear delineation of the action area associated with proposed use of copper 

pyrithione and best available information on the temporal and spatial co-location of listed species 

with respect to the action area. A species-specific endangered species effect determination has 

not been conducted for this assessment but will be conducted during Registration Review. 
23

References

Bellas, J., Å. Granmo, and R. Beiras. 2005. Embryotoxicity of the antifouling biocide zinc 

pyrithione to sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) and mussel (Mytilus edulis). Marine Pollution 

Bull. 50:1382-1385.

Madsen, T., K. Gustavsson, L. Samsøe-Petersen, F. Simonsen, J. Jakobsen, S. Foverskov, and 

M.M. Larsen. 2000. Ecotoxicological assessments of antifouling biocides and nonbiocidal 

paints. Environmental Project No. 531. Danish Environmental Protection Agency.

Maraldo, K. and L. Dahliof. 2004. Seasonal variations in the effect of zine pyrithione and 

copper pyrithione on pelagic phytoplankton communities. Aquatic toxicology (2004)): 189-198.

OECD. 2005. Emission Scenario Document on Antifouling Products. OECD Environmental 

Health and Safety Publications, OECD Series on Emission Scenario Documents No. 13, 

ENV/JM/MONO(2005)8, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 166 pp.

Onduka, T., K. Mochida, K. Ito, A. Kakuno, and K. Fujii. 2007. Acute toxicity of pyrithione 

photodegradation products to some marine organisms. Shipbuilding Technol. ISST, pp. 99-106.

Van Hattum, B., A.. Baart and J. Boon (2002). Computer model to generate predicted 

environmental concentrations (PECs) for antifouling products in the marine environment. Report 

number 2002/E-02-04 / Z 3117. Web-site: www.cepe.org; Publications; Antifouling products.
24

Appendix A: Data Requirements and Available Guideline Ecotoxicity Data for Copper 

Pyrithione

The toxicity endpoints used in OPP's assessments are obtained from guideline toxicity studies 

conducted for wildlife, aquatic organisms, and plants (40 CFR §158). Guideline studies are 

required to provide acute and reproductive/chronic measures of effect for one or more test 

species in several taxonomic groups. Some studies are only required on a case-by-case basis, 

depending on factors such as use patterns and environmental fate characteristics. 

The new chemical screen for copper pyrithione, dated June 2, 2004, determined that a full 

ecotoxicity data set for copper pyrithione will not be required. The available data submitted (if 

deemed acceptable after review) were considered to be sufficiently similar to the existing data 

for zinc pyrithione to allow bridging between these two pyrithione compounds. 

Terrestrial Animals

Birds, Acute and Dietary

The Agency requires one acute-oral study to establish the toxicity of copper pyrithione (technical 

grade active ingredient, TGAI) to birds. The preferred test species is either the mallard (Anas 

platyrhynchos) or the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Avian dietary toxicity studies 

(northern bobwhite and mallard) are conditionally required for antimicrobial pesticides used as 

antifoulant coatings and paint. The available acute-oral and dietary studies indicate that the 

pyrithiones are moderately to practically nontoxic to birds (Table 1A). The guidelines for avian 

acute-oral toxicity (OPPTS 850.2100) and avian dietary toxicity OPPTS 850.2200) are satisfied. 

Table 1A. Acute-oral (LD50) and Dietary (LC50) Toxicity to Birds

Test

Species

Test material

(% ai)

Toxicity Endpoint

(95% CI)

Toxicity

Category

Study

Status

MRID

No.

Northern 

bobwhite

copper 

pyrithione 

(99.5)

LD50 = 126 mg ai/kg bw

(84-194)

moderately

toxic core 457743-21

Zinc pyrithione 

(96)

LD50 = 60 mg ai/kg bw

(44-81)

moderately

toxic core 43864611

LC50 = 1063 ppm ai

(789-1412)

slightly

toxic core 438646-10

Mallard Zinc pyrithione 

(96) LC50 >5000 ppm ai practically nontoxic core 438646-12
25

Mammals, Acute 

The available mammalian acute toxicity data indicate that the pyrithiones are slightly to 

moderately toxic to small mammals on an acute-oral basis (lab. rat LD50s = 630 mg ai/kg bw, 

males, and 460 mg ai/kg bw, females; MRID 428279-01). Refer to the human toxicology 

chapter for more details on these and other mammalian toxicity studies submitted in support of 

the human-health assessment.

Aquatic Organisms

Freshwater Fish, Acute

Studies are required with the TGAI to establish the acute toxicity of copper pyrithione to two 

species of freshwater fish. The preferred test species are the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus 

mykiss), a coldwater fish, and the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), a sunfish. Both copper 

pyrithione and zinc pyrithione are very highly toxic to freshwater fish (Table 2A). The guideline 

for freshwater-fish acute toxicity (OPPTS 850.1075) is satisfied.

Table 2A. Acute Toxicity of Copper Pyrithione and Zinc Pyrithione to Freshwater Fish 

Exposed in the Water Column

Test

Species

Test material

(% ai)

96-h LC50

(μg ai/L)

(95% CI)

Toxicity

Category

Study

Status

MRID

No.

Rainbow

trout

zinc pyrithione (97.8) 3.6

(3.0-4.3)

very highly

toxic core 438646-13

Fathead 

minnow

zinc pyrithione (97.8) 2.6

(2.1-3.2)

very highly

toxic core 438646-06

copper pyrithione (94.7) 4.3

(3.7-5.0)

very highly

toxic core 457743-18

Freshwater Invertebrates, Acute

A study with the TGAI is required to establish the acute toxicity of copper pyrithione to 

freshwater invertebrates. The preferred test species is the water flea, Daphnia magna. Both 

copper pyrithione and zinc pyrithione are very highly toxic to fish (Table 3A). The guideline 

requirement (OPPTS 850.1010) is satisfied.
26

Table 3A. Acute Toxicity of Copper Pyrithione and Zinc pyrithione to Freshwater 

Invertebrates Exposed in the Water Column

Test

Species

Test material

(% ai)

48-h EC50

(μg ai/L)

(95% CI)

Toxicity 

Category

Study 

Status

MRID 

No.

Waterflea

copper 

pyrithione (94.7)

10.1

(7.9-13) very highly toxic core 457743-16

zinc pyrithione 

(97.8)

8.2

(5.2-25.8) very highly toxic core 438646-04

Estuarine/Marine Fish and Invertebrates, Acute

Acute toxicity data for the TGAI with estuarine/marine fish and two invertebrate species are 

required for antifoulant coatings and paints, because of their direct release via leaching into the 

estuarine/marine environment. The preferred fish test species is sheepshead minnow 

(Cyprinodon variegatus) and preferred invertebrate species are the mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis 

bahia) and Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). The available data categorize copper 

pyrithione and zinc pyrithione as being highly toxic to saltwater fish and very highly toxic to 

saltwater invertebrates (Table 4A). The guideline requirements for estuarine/marine fish and 

invertebrate acute toxicity testing (OPPTS 850.1075, 850.1025, and 850.1035) are satisfied. 

Table 4A. Acute Toxicity of Copper Pyrithione and Zinc Pyrithione to Estuarine/Marine 

Fish and Invertebrates Exposed in the Water Column 

Test

Species

Test material

(% ai)

96-h LC50

(μg ai/L)

(95% CI)

Toxicity 

Category

Study 

Status

MRID 

No.

Sheepshead

minnow

zinc pyrithione 

(97.8)

400

(200-590) highly toxic core 438646-05

Mysid shrimp

zinc pyrithione 

(97.8)

4.7

(4.0-5.5)

very highly

toxic core 438646-07

Eastern oyster

copper 

pyrithione (94.7)

9.2

(0-∞)

very highly

toxic core 457743-17

zinc pyrithione 

(97.8)

22.0

(18.9-27.3)

very highly

toxic core 438646-08
27

Degradates, Acute Toxicity to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates

Some acute toxicity data are available for two of the pyrithione degradates (pyridine sulfonic 

acid and pyrithione sulfonic acid). The data are sufficient to categorize both degradates as being 

only slightly toxic to practically nontoxic to freshwater and saltwater fish and invertebrates 

(Table 5A).

Table 5A. Acute Toxicity of Two Pyrithione Degradates to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates 

Exposed in the Water Column

Test

Species

Test material

(% ai)

96-h LC50

(μg ai/L)

(95% CI)

Toxicity

Category

Study

Status

MRID

No.

Rainbow

trout

pyridine sulfonic acid (98) 57,100

(48,300-69,800) slightly toxic core 438646-27

pyrithione sulfonic acid 

(98.5)

92,300

(73,600-124,000) slightly toxic core 438646-16

pyridine sulfonic acid (98) 68,500

(55,200-85,000) slightly toxic core 438646-21

pyrithione sulfonic acid 

(98.5)

58,800

(48,700-71,000) slightly toxic core 438646-18

Waterflea

pyridine sulfonic acid (98) >122,000 practically 

nontoxic core 438646-22

pyrithione sulfonic acid 

(98.5) >127,000 practically nontoxic core 438646-19

Sheepshead 

minnow

pyridine sulfonic acid (98) >127,000 practically 

nontoxic core 438646-23

pyrithione sulfonic acid 

(98.5) >137,000 practically nontoxic core 438646-17

Mysid 

shrimp pyridine sulfonic acid (98) 71,000(62,800-81,100) slightly toxic core 438646-26

pyrithione sulfonic acid 

(98.5)

70,300

(61,600-81,600) slightly toxic core 438646-20

Eastern 

oyster pyridine sulfonic acid (98) 85.600(73,300-102,500) slightly toxic core 438646-24
28

pyrithione sulfonic acid 

(98.5)

96,200

(89,313-104,560) slightly toxic core 438646-15

Aquatic Organisms, Chronic

Chronic testing of fish and aquatic invertebrates is required for copper pyrithione, because it is 

discharged via leaching directly into the aquatic environment. The preferred test species are the 

fish and invertebrate species most sensitive in the acute studies. The available data for the 

pyrithiones and degradates indicate that adverse affects on survival, growth, and reproduction 

occur at concentrations from about 1 to 10 μg ai/L (Table 6A). The guideline requirements 

(OPPTS 850.1400, 850.1300/1350) are satisfied.

Table 6A. Chronic Toxicity of Copper Pyrithione and Zinc Pyrithione and a Degradate to 

Freshwater Fish and Invertebrates Exposed in the Water Column

Test

Species

% ai

tested

NOEC/LOEC

(μg ai/L)

Endpoints

affected Study Status MRID No.

Fathead 

minnow

copper 

pyrithione

(96.4)

0.98 / 1.9

survival, sublethal 

effects, length, 

weight

core 457743-18

zinc 

pyrithione

(98.2)

1.2 / 2.8

hatching, 

growth,

sublethal effects

core 452041-02

pyridine-2-

sulfonic 

acid (98.2)

NOEC = 10 none at the highest 

concentration tested core 452041-02

Waterflea

zinc 

pyrithione

(98.2)

2.7 / 5.8 reproduction, 

growth core 445354-01

Mysid 

shrimp

zinc 

pyrithione

(98.2)

2.2 / 4.2

4.2 / 9.1

growth

reproduction core 449111-01

Aquatic Plants

Aquatic plant growth testing (TGAI or TEP) is required for copper pyrithione because of its 

discharge via leaching into the aquatic environment. Test species include duckweed (Lemna

gibba), a vascular plant, and four non-vascular species: (1) freshwater green alga, Selenastrum 

capricornutum, (2) marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum, (3) freshwater diatom, Navicula 

pelliculosa, and (4) bluegreen cyanobacteria, Anabaena flos-aquae. The available aquatic plant 

data indicate that the marine diatom is the most sensitive species (Table 7A). The guideline 
29

requirement for aquatic plant growth testing (OPPTS 850.5400) is satisfied.

Table 7A. Toxicity of Copper Pyrithione and Zinc Pyrithione to Aquatic Plants 

Test

Species

% ai

tested

EC50

(μg ai/L)

NOEC

(μg ai/L)

Study

Status

MRID

No.

Duckweed zinc pyrithione (97.8) 8.8 4.0 core 452041-04

Freshwater 

green alga

zinc pyrithione (97.8) 28 7.8 core 438646-09

copper pyrithione (94.7) 35 18 core 457743-19

Blue-green 

alga zinc pyrithione (98.3) 7.1 3.8 core 455649-01

Marine diatom zinc pyrithione (98.2) 0.65 0.46 core 462503-05

Freshwater 

diatom 

zinc pyrithione (98.3) 2.6 2.4 core 455650-01

Freshwater green alga also were tested with two degradates. Both degradates are considerably 

less toxic to green alga than are copper pyrithione and zinc pyrithione (Table 8A). However, 

there are data in the literature demonstrating that two photodegradates (2-mercaptopyridine-Noxide and 2.2'-dithio-bis-pyridin-N-oxide) are about as toxic (1.1-3.4 μg ai/L) to the marine 

diatom as are the parent pyrithiones (Onduka et al. 2007).

Table 8A. Toxicity of Two Pyrithione Degradates to Aquatic Plants 

Test

Species

% ai

tested

EC50

(μg ai/L)

NOEC

(μg ai/L)

Study

Status

MRID

No.

Freshwater 

green alga

pyridine sulfonic acid 

(98) 28,900 5460 core 438646-25

pyrithione sulfonic acid 

(98.5) 28,200 11,800 core 438646-14

Terrestrial Plants

A seedling-emerge test with rice (Oryza sativa) is required for all pesticides having antifoulant 

paint and coating uses. Data were not submitted for copper pyrithione, but a study available for 

zinc pyrithione determined an EC25 (Table 9A). The guideline requirement (OPPTS 850.4225) 

is satisfied.
30

Table 9A. Seedling-emergence Toxicity of Zinc Pyrithione to Rice 

Test

Species Test

% ai

tested EC25

(mg ai/kg)

NOEC

(mg ai/kg)

Study

Status

MRID

No.

Rice seedling 

emergence

zinc 

pyrithione

(98.3)

172 100 core 462503-01

Sediment Toxicity

Acute, whole-sediment tests with freshwater and saltwater invertebrates are required for 

antifoulant paints and coatings. Two studies were conducted with zinc pyrithione (Table 10A). 

However, the study testing a marine amphipod did not establish an EC50, and thus is not 

adequate to calculate an RQ. The guideline requirement (OPPTS 850.1735) is satisfied. 

However, because an EC50 or LC50 was not determined for the marine amphipod, the guideline 

requirement (OPPTS 850.1740) is not satisfied for a whole-sediment acute toxicity test with a 

marine invertebrate.

Table 10A. Acute Sediment Toxicity of Zinc Pyrithione to Freshwater and 

Estuarine/Marine Invertebrates

Test

Species % ai 10-d EC50/LC50

(mg/kg dry sediment) Study Status MRID No.

Freshwater 

amphipod 

(Hyalella azteca)

zinc pyrithione 

(98.2) 2.1 core 462503-03

Marine amphipod

(Leptocheirus 

plumulosus)

zinc pyrithione 

(98.2) <1.08 supplemental 462503-04
31

Appendix B: Copper Pyrithione MAM-PEC Runs for U. S. Inland and Coastal Marinas 

and Harbors and Surrounding Waters

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460

11/10/2008

MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT: Estimated Environmental Concentrations (EECs) for Antifoulant use of 

Copper Pyrithion

From: Siroos Mostaghimi, Ph.D., Senior Scientist

Risk Assessment and Science Support Branch (RASSB)

Antimicrobials Division (7510P)

To: Norm Cook, Chief

Risk Assessment and Science Support Branch (RASSB)

Antimicrobials Division (7510P)

Chemical NO: 088001

DP No.: 346521

Attached please find the Estimated Environmental Concentrations (EECs) for antifoulant use 

of Copper Pyrithion. The MAM-PEC (Version 2) model was used to estimate the concentrations 

of Copper Pyrithion TBTO in water and sediments from application of antifoulant paints applied 

on ships and other water recreational vehicles. 
32

Background:

The Arch Chemicals, Inc. has submitted an application for registration for a 

manufacturing use product containing Copper Omadine (Copper pyrithion), for use only in 

formulating antifoulant paints. This report provides Estimated Environmental Concentrations 

(EECs) for the use of Copper pyrithion as an antifoulant. 

MAM-PEC is used as an assessment tool for antifoulant risk assessments in Europe. 

MAM-PEC was developed by the Institute of Environmental Studies/IVM and Delft Hydraulics 

for the European Paint Makers Association (CEPE) for conducting risk assessments for 

antifouling agents. The model provides prediction of environmental concentrations of 

antifouling products in six generalized “typical” marine environments (commercial harbor, 

estuarine harbor, marina, marina poorly flushed, open sea, and shipping lane). The version 2 of 

MAMPEC was used for this report.

EECs are generated using MAMPEC for the highest leaching rates (9.3 μg/cm2/day, dark 

red formulation; 6.5 μg/cm2/day, brown formulation) for all scenarios. 

Several MAMPEC scenarios were chosen for these runs which are briefly described 

below. 

The estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) could be used for ecological risk 

assessment based on the availability of ecological toxicity data.

Summary of the Results:

Scenario 1- Inland Marina

Input

Environment : Default marina 1-Fresh water-InLand

Compound : Copper Omadine (default)

Emission : Default Marina 100% Cu- Omadine-Fresh Water-Inland

Load : 4.37E+02:g/d (LR=6.5 μg /cm2/day and 6.26E+02:g/d (LR=9.3 μg /cm2/day)

A summary of the results for MAMPEC model runs for Inland Marina for two leaching 

rates (9.3 μg /cm2/day and 6.5 μg /cm2/day ) are presented in Table 1 and 2. Total and dissolved 

concentrations in water as well as concentrations of Copper Pyrithion in sediments after one year 

are shown. The detailed input and output of the MAMPEC model run are shown in Appendix 

A.
33

Table 1. Estimated Environmental Concentrations of Cu-Pyrithion in an inland marina--The 

leaching rate was 6.5 μg /cm2/day

Total concentration 

(μg /l) Dissolved (μg /l Suspended matter (μg /g dw)

Sediment 

after one year 

(μg /g) dw

Maximum 

concentration 2.86E-01 2.82E-01 8.07E-02 3.38E-07

95% confidence 2.76E-01 2.72E-01 7.77E-02 3.26E-07

Average 

concentration 1.88E-01 1.85E-01 5.30E-02 2.22E-07

Median 

concentration 1.86E-01 1.84E-01 5.25E-02 2.20E-07

Minimum 

concentration 3.96E-02 3.91E-02 1.12E-02 4.68E-08

Table 2. Estimated Environmental Concentrations of Cu-Pyrithion in an inland Marina The 

leaching rate was 9.3 μg /cm2/day

Total concentration 

(μg /l) Dissolved (μg /l Suspended matter (μg /g dw)

Sediment 

after one year 

(μg /g) dw

Maximum 

concentration 4.09E-01 4.04E-01 1.15E-01 4.84E-07

95% confidence 3.94E-01 3.89E-01 1.11E-01 4.67E-07

Average 

concentration 2.69E-01 2.65E-01 7.58E-02 3.18E-07

Median

concentration 2.66E-01 2.63E-01 7.51E-02 3.15E-07

Minimum 

concentration 5.66E-02 5.59E-02 1.60E-02 6.70E-08

Scenario 2- Inland Small Marina

Environment : Default marina-Swiss marina 1

Compound : Copper Omadine (default)

Emission : Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine-6.5

Load : 9.75E+01:g/d (LR=6.5 μg /cm2/day) and 1.40E+02:g/d (LR=9.5 μg /cm2/day )

A summary of the results for this MAMPEC model runs are presented in Table 3 and 4. 

Total and dissolved concentrations in water as well as concentrations of Copper Pyrithion in 
34

sediment after one year are shown. The detailed input and output of the MAMPEC model run 

are shown in Appendix B.

Table 3 . Estimated Environmental Concentrations of Cu-Pyrithion in a Small Inland Marina-The 

leaching rate was 6.5 μg /cm2/day

Total concentration 

(μg /l) Dissolved (μg /l) Suspended matter (μg /g dw)

Sediment 

after one year 

(μg /g) dw

Maximum 

concentration 1.09E+00 1.07E+00 3.07E-01 1.29E-06

95% confidence 1.09E+00 1.07E+00 3.07E-01 1.29E-06

Average 

concentration 6.86E-01 6.77E-01 1.93E-01 8.12E-07

Median 

concentration 6.38E-01 6.30E-01 1.80E-01 7.55E-07

Minimum 

concentration 2.22E-01 2.19E-01 6.25E-02 2.62E-07

Table 4. Estimated Environmental Concentrations of Cu-Pyrithion, in a Small Inland Mrina. The 

leaching rate was 9.3 μg /cm2/day

Total concentration 

(μg /l) Dissolved (μg /l

Suspended matter 

(μg /g dw)

Sediment 

after one year 

(μg /g) dw

Maximum 

concentration 1.56E+00 1.54E+00 4.39E-01 1.84E-06

95% confidence 1.56E+00 1.54E+00 4.39E-01 1.84E-06

Average 

concentration 9.81E-01 9.69E-01 2.77E-01 1.16E-06

Median 

concentration 9.12E-01 9.01E-01 2.57E-01 1.08E-06

Minimum 

concentration 3.17E-01 3.13E-01 8.95E-02 3.75E-07

Scenario 3- Coastal Marina

Environment : Default marina for salt water

Compound : Copper Omadine (default)

Emission : Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine

Load : 4.37E+02:g/d (LR=6.5 μg /cm2/day ) and 6.26E+02:g/d (LR=9.3 μg /cm2/day)

A summary of the results for this MAMPEC model runs are presented in Table 5 and 6. 
35

Total and dissolved concentrations in water as well as concentrations of Copper Pyrithion in 

sediment after one year are shown. The detailed input and output of the MAMPEC model run 

are shown in Appendix C.

Table. 5. Estimated Environmental Concentrations of Cu-Pyrithion in a Coastal Marina. The 

Leaching rate used was 6.5 μg /cm2/day.

Total concentration 

(μg /l) Dissolved (μg /L) Suspended matter (μg /g dw)

Sediment 

after one year 

(μg /g) dw

Maximum 

concentration 2.86E-01 2.82E-01 8.07E-02 1.69E-06

95% confidence 2.76E-01 2.72E-01 7.77E-02 1.63E-06

Average 

concentration 1.88E-01 1.85E-01 5.30E-02 1.11E-06

Median 

concentration 1.86E-01 1.84E-01 5.25E-02 1.10E-06

Minimum 

concentration 3.96E-02 3.91E-02 1.12E-02 2.34E-07

Table 6. Estimated Environmental Concentrations of Cu-Pyrithion in a Coastal Marina. The 

leaching rate used was 9.3 μg /cm2/day

Total concentration 

(μg /l) Dissolved (μg /L) Suspended matter (μg /g dw)

Sediment 

after one year 

(μg /g) dw

Maximum 

concentration 4.18E-01 4.13E-01 1.18E-01 2.48E-06

95% confidence 4.03E-01 3.98E-01 1.14E-01 2.38E-06

Average 

concentration 2.76E-01 2.72E-01 7.78E-02 1.63E-06

Median 

concentration 2.74E-01 2.71E-01 7.74E-02 1.62E-06

Minimum 

concentration 5.83E-02 5.76E-02 1.64E-02 3.45E-07

Scenario 4- Coastal Harbor

Environment : Default estuarine harbor 1

Compound : Copper Omadine (default)

Emission : Default Estuarine Harbour-1

Load : 6.29E+03:g/d (LR=6.5 μg /cm2/day) and 8.99E+03:g/d (LR=9.3 μg /cm2/day )

A summary of the results for this MAMPEC model runs are presented in Table 7 and 8. 

Total and dissolved concentrations in water as well as concentrations of Copper Pyrithion in 
36

sediment after one year are shown. The detailed input and output of the MAMPEC model run 

are shown in Appendix D.

Table. 7. Estimated Environmental Concentrations of Cu-Pyrithion in a Costal Harbor. The 

Leaching rate used was 6.5 μg /cm2/day.

Total concentration 

(μg /l) Dissolved (μg /L) Suspended matter (μg /g dw)

Sediment 

after one year 

(μg /g) dw

Maximum 

concentration 6.76E-02 6.68E-02 1.91E-02 4.00E-07

95% confidence 6.24E-02 6.16E-02 1.76E-02 3.69E-07

Average 

concentration 3.34E-02 3.30E-02 9.42E-03 1.98E-07

Median 

concentration 2.56E-02 2.53E-02 7.23E-03 1.52E-07

Minimum 

concentration 4.95E-03 4.89E-03 1.40E-03 2.93E-08

Table 8. Estimated Environmental Concentrations of Cu-Pyrithion in a Costal Harbor. The 

leaching rate used was 9.3 μg /cm2/day

Total concentration 

(μg /l) Dissolved (μg /L) Suspended matter (μg /g dw)

Sediment 

after one year 

(μg /g) dw

Maximum 

concentration 9.68E-02 9.55E-02 2.73E-02 5.72E-07

95% confidence 8.93E-02 8.81E-02 2.52E-02 5.28E-07

Average 

concentration 4.78E-02 4.72E-02 1.35E-02 2.83E-07

Median 

concentration 3.67E-02 3.62E-02 1.03E-02 2.17E-07

Minimum 

concentration 7.09E-03 7.00E-03 2.00E-03 4.19E-08

These EECs from these scenarios could be used for ecological risk assessment of both 

fresh and salt water. 
37

References:

Baart, T, Boon, J, and B. Van Hattum. 2008. User Manual-Quick Guide. MAM-PEC Version 

2. European Commission, CEPEWL, IRM.

USEPA. 2007. Review of the Leach rate data for interswift 655 BMA008 brown containing 

cuprous oxide (36.2%) and copper pyrithion (3.96%) antifoulant agent. Sriniwas Gowda to 

Marshall Swindle. June 12, 2007

File: C:\Myfiles\2008 Reports\Cu-Pyrithion/ Estimated Environmental Concentrations (EECs) 

for Copper Pyrithion

CC: RASSB Chemical File

 Siroos Mostaghimi /RASSB
38

 

 Appendix A

Inputs, parameters and out put results from the MAMPEC Model run for Scenario 1 
39

MAMPEC - Result Sheet-Leaching Rate=6.5 μg /cm2/day

Run : Default marina-Swiss marina 1 Copper Omadine (default) Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine9.3

Version : MamPec 2.0

Run date : 11/4/2008 2:05:47 PM

Memo : 

Input

Environment : Default marina 1-Fresh water-InLand

Compound : Copper Omadine (default)

Emission : Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine-Fresh Water-Inland

Load : 4.37E+02:g/d

Results

Total concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 2.86E-01 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 2.76E-01 :ug/l

Average concentration : 1.88E-01 :ug/l

Median concentration : 1.86E-01 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 3.96E-02 :ug/l

Dissolved concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 2.82E-01 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 2.72E-01 :ug/l

Average concentration : 1.85E-01 :ug/l

Median concentration : 1.84E-01 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 3.91E-02 :ug/l

Contaminant concentration on suspended solids

Maximum concentration : 8.07E-02 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 7.77E-02 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 5.30E-02 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 5.25E-02 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 1.12E-02 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 1 year of use

Maximum concentration : 3.38E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 3.26E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 2.22E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 2.20E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 4.68E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 2 years of use

Maximum concentration : 3.38E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 3.26E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 2.22E-07 :ug/g dw
40

Median concentration : 2.20E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 4.68E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 5 years of use

Maximum concentration : 3.38E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 3.26E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 2.22E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 2.20E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 4.68E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 10 years of use

Maximum concentration : 3.38E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 3.26E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 2.22E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 2.20E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 4.68E-08 :ug/g dw

Results in surrounding waters

Total concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 1.67E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 1.47E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 9.15E-04 :ug/l

Median concentration : 7.59E-03 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 6.45E-03 :ug/l

Dissolved concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 1.65E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 1.45E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 9.03E-04 :ug/l

Median concentration : 7.49E-03 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 6.37E-03 :ug/l

Contaminant concentration on suspended solids

Maximum concentration : 4.70E-03 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 4.14E-03 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 2.58E-04 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 2.14E-03 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 1.82E-03 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 1 year of use

Maximum concentration : 1.97E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.74E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.08E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 8.98E-09 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 7.63E-09 :ug/g dw
41

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 2 years of use

Maximum concentration : 1.97E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.74E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.08E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 8.98E-09 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 7.63E-09 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 5 years of use

Maximum concentration : 1.97E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.74E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.08E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 8.98E-09 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 7.63E-09 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 10 years of use

Maximum concentration : 1.97E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.74E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.08E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 8.98E-09 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 7.63E-09 :ug/g dw

MAMPEC - Input data sheet

Compound

Name : Copper-pyrithione

Description : Copper Omadine (default)

Molecular mass : 315.85 :g/Mol

Vapor pressure : 5.00E-07 :Pa

Solubility : 6.00E-02 :g/m3

Octanol-water coefficient : 2.44E+00 :(-) Log (Kow)

Kd : 0.00E+00 :m3/kg

Koc : 4.00E+00 :(-) Log(Koc), Koc expressed as l/kg OrganicCarbon

Henry's coefficient : 2.60E-03 :Pa.m3/mol

Melting temperature : 0.0 :oC

pKa : 0.0 :(-)

in water

Biological degradation rate : 1.76E-01 :1/d

Hydrolytic degradation rate : 3.82E-02 :1/d

Photolytic degradation rate : 9.20E-01 :1/d

in sediment

Biological degradation rate : 6.30E-01 :1/d

Hydrolytic degradation rate : 8.13E+00 :1/d

Photolytic degradation rate : 0.00E+00 :1/d

Advanced Photodegradation calculation : False

Reference : 
42

Environment

Description : Default marina 1-Fresh water-InLand

Silt concentration : 35.0 :g/m3

Particular organic carbon conc : 1.0 :g Organic Carbon/m3

Dissolved organic carbon conc : 2.0 :g/m3

Temperature : 25.0 :oC

Salinity : 5.00E+00 :s.e.

Depth well-mixed sediment top layer : 1.00E-01 : m

Sediment density : 1.000E+03 :kg/m3

Fraction organic carbon in sediment : 3.00E-02 :-/-

Nett sedimentation velocity : 1.00E-01 :m/d

pH : 6.5 :(-)

Chlorophyll : 3.00 :ug/l

Latitude : 50.00 degrees NH

Background concentrations : 0.00E+00 :ug/l

Average windspeed : 0.00 :m/s

Fraction wind perpendicular to harbour : 0.00 :-/-

Daily maximum non tidal water level change : 0.00 :m

Length of river, not part of harbor (x1) : 400 :m

Width of harbor (y1) : 400 :m

Length of harbor (x2) : 400 :m

Width of river (y2) : 400 :m

Depth of harbor : 3.5 :m

Length of open harbour mouth (x3) : 100 :m

Flow : 1 :m/s

Flow of flushing into harbor : 0 :m3/s

Tidal height : 1 :m

Density difference : 0.1 :kg/m3

Density difference flushing : 0 :kg/m3

Tidal period : 12.41 :h

Exchange surface : 350 :m2

Depth at harbour mouth : 3.5 :m

Height underwater dam at mouth : 0 :m

Width underwater dam at mouth : 0 :m

Length selected area : 0 :m

Width selected area : 0 :m

Depth selected area : 0 :m

Flow : 0 :m/s

Exchange volume in 1 tidal period : 243420:m3

Reference : 

 

Emission

Description : Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine-Fresh Water-Inland

Load : 437.2875 :g/d

Loading due to moving ships : 0 :g/d

Loading due to ships at berth : 437.2875 :g/d

Leaching rate ships at berth : 6.5 :ug/cm2/d

Leaching rate ships at berth : 6.5 :ug/cm2/d

Number of ships at berth (Class 1) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 2) : 299

Number of ships at berth (Class 3) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 4) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 5) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 6) : 0
43

Number of ships at berth (Class 7) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 8) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 9 : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 10): 0

Number of moving ships (Class 1) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 2) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 3) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 4) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 5) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 6) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 7) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 8) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 9) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 10): 0

Application factor (Class 1) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 2) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 3) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 4) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 5) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 6) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 7) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 8) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 9) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 10) : 20 :%

Underwater ship area (Class 1) : 20 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 2) : 22.5 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 3) : 450 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 4) : 3061 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 5) : 5999 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 6) : 9917 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 7) : 14814 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 8) : 22645 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 9) : 27547 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 10) : 39668 :m2

Ship Length (Class 1) : 0-10 :m

Ship Length (Class 2) : 10-50 :m

Ship Length (Class 3) : 50-100 :m

Ship Length (Class 4) : 100-150 :m

Ship Length (Class 5) : 150-200 :m

Ship Length (Class 6) : 200-250 :m

Ship Length (Class 7) : 250-300 :m

Ship Length (Class 8) : 300-350 :m

Ship Length (Class 9) : 350-400 :m

Ship Length (Class 10) : > 400 :m

Reference : all assumptions are like the inland maris scenario except LR=6.5
44

MAMPEC - Result Sheet-Leaching Rate 9.3 μg /cm2/day

Run : Default marina-Swiss marina 1 Copper Omadine (default) Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine9.3

Version : MamPec 2.0

Run date : 11/4/2008 2:09:38 PM

Memo : 

Input

Environment : Default marina 1-Fresh water-InLand

Compound : Copper Omadine (default)

Emission : Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine-Fresh Water9.3

Load : 6.26E+02:g/d

Results

Total concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 4.09E-01 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 3.94E-01 :ug/l

Average concentration : 2.69E-01 :ug/l

Median concentration : 2.66E-01 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 5.66E-02 :ug/l

Dissolved concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 4.04E-01 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 3.89E-01 :ug/l

Average concentration : 2.65E-01 :ug/l

Median concentration : 2.63E-01 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 5.59E-02 :ug/l

Contaminant concentration on suspended solids

Maximum concentration : 1.15E-01 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.11E-01 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 7.58E-02 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 7.51E-02 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 1.60E-02 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 1 year of use

Maximum concentration : 4.84E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 4.67E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 3.18E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 3.15E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 6.70E-08 :ug/g dw
45

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 2 years of use

Maximum concentration : 4.84E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 4.67E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 3.18E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 3.15E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 6.70E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 5 years of use

Maximum concentration : 4.84E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 4.67E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 3.18E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 3.15E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 6.70E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 10 years of use

Maximum concentration : 4.84E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 4.67E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 3.18E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 3.15E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 6.70E-08 :ug/g dw

Results in surrounding waters

Total concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 2.39E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 2.10E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 1.31E-03 :ug/l

Median concentration : 1.09E-02 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 9.23E-03 :ug/l

Dissolved concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 2.36E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 2.07E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 1.29E-03 :ug/l

Median concentration : 1.07E-02 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 9.11E-03 :ug/l

Contaminant concentration on suspended solids

Maximum concentration : 6.73E-03 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 5.92E-03 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 3.69E-04 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 3.06E-03 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.60E-03 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 1 year of use

Maximum concentration : 2.82E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 2.48E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.55E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.28E-08 :ug/g dw
46

Minimum concentration : 1.09E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 2 years of use

Maximum concentration : 2.82E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 2.48E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.55E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.28E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 1.09E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 5 years of use

Maximum concentration : 2.82E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 2.48E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.55E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.28E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 1.09E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 10 years of use

Maximum concentration : 2.82E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 2.48E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.55E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.28E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 1.09E-08 :ug/g dw

MAMPEC - Input data sheet

Compound

Name : Copper-pyrithione

Description : Copper Omadine (default)

Molecular mass : 315.85 :g/Mol

Vapor pressure : 5.00E-07 :Pa

Solubility : 6.00E-02 :g/m3

Octanol-water coefficient : 2.44E+00 :(-) Log (Kow)

Kd : 0.00E+00 :m3/kg

Koc : 4.00E+00 :(-) Log(Koc), Koc expressed as l/kg OrganicCarbon

Henry's coefficient : 2.60E-03 :Pa.m3/mol

Melting temperature : 0.0 :oC

pKa : 0.0 :(-)

in water

Biological degradation rate : 1.76E-01 :1/d

Hydrolytic degradation rate : 3.82E-02 :1/d

Photolytic degradation rate : 9.20E-01 :1/d

in sediment

Biological degradation rate : 6.30E-01 :1/d

Hydrolytic degradation rate : 8.13E+00 :1/d

Photolytic degradation rate : 0.00E+00 :1/d

Advanced Photodegradation calculation : False

Reference : 

Environment
47

Description : Default marina 1-Fresh water-InLand

Silt concentration : 35.0 :g/m3

Particular organic carbon conc : 1.0 :g Organic Carbon/m3

Dissolved organic carbon conc : 2.0 :g/m3

Temperature : 25.0 :oC

Salinity : 5.00E+00 :s.e.

Depth well-mixed sediment top layer : 1.00E-01 : m

Sediment density : 1.000E+03 :kg/m3

Fraction organic carbon in sediment : 3.00E-02 :-/-

Nett sedimentation velocity : 1.00E-01 :m/d

pH : 6.5 :(-)

Chlorophyll : 3.00 :ug/l

Latitude : 50.00 degrees NH

Background concentrations : 0.00E+00 :ug/l

Average windspeed : 0.00 :m/s

Fraction wind perpendicular to harbour : 0.00 :-/-

Daily maximum non tidal water level change : 0.00 :m

Length of river, not part of harbor (x1) : 400 :m

Width of harbor (y1) : 400 :m

Length of harbor (x2) : 400 :m

Width of river (y2) : 400 :m

Depth of harbor : 3.5 :m

Length of open harbour mouth (x3) : 100 :m

Flow : 1 :m/s

Flow of flushing into harbor : 0 :m3/s

Tidal height : 1 :m

Density difference : 0.1 :kg/m3

Density difference flushing : 0 :kg/m3

Tidal period : 12.41 :h

Exchange surface : 350 :m2

Depth at harbour mouth : 3.5 :m

Height underwater dam at mouth : 0 :m

Width underwater dam at mouth : 0 :m

Length selected area : 0 :m

Width selected area : 0 :m

Depth selected area : 0 :m

Flow : 0 :m/s

Exchange volume in 1 tidal period : 243420:m3

Reference : 

 

Emission

Description : Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine-Fresh Water9.3

Load : 625.6575 :g/d

Loading due to moving ships : 0 :g/d

Loading due to ships at berth : 625.6575 :g/d

Leaching rate ships at berth : 9.3 :ug/cm2/d

Leaching rate ships at berth : 9.3 :ug/cm2/d

Number of ships at berth (Class 1) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 2) : 299

Number of ships at berth (Class 3) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 4) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 5) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 6) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 7) : 0
48

Number of ships at berth (Class 8) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 9 : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 10): 0

Number of moving ships (Class 1) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 2) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 3) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 4) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 5) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 6) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 7) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 8) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 9) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 10): 0

Application factor (Class 1) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 2) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 3) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 4) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 5) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 6) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 7) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 8) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 9) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 10) : 20 :%

Underwater ship area (Class 1) : 20 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 2) : 22.5 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 3) : 450 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 4) : 3061 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 5) : 5999 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 6) : 9917 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 7) : 14814 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 8) : 22645 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 9) : 27547 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 10) : 39668 :m2

Ship Length (Class 1) : 0-10 :m

Ship Length (Class 2) : 10-50 :m

Ship Length (Class 3) : 50-100 :m

Ship Length (Class 4) : 100-150 :m

Ship Length (Class 5) : 150-200 :m

Ship Length (Class 6) : 200-250 :m

Ship Length (Class 7) : 250-300 :m

Ship Length (Class 8) : 300-350 :m

Ship Length (Class 9) : 350-400 :m

Ship Length (Class 10) : > 400 :m

Reference : all assumptions are like the inland maris scenario except LR=9.3
49

Appendix B

Inputs, parameters and out put results from the MAMPEC Model run for Scenario 2 

MAMPEC - Result Sheet-Small Marina –LR=6.5 μg /cm2/day
50

Run : Default marina-Swiss marina 1 Copper Omadine (default) Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine6.5

Version : MamPec 2.0

Run date : 11/4/2008 1:55:12 PM

Memo : 

Input

Environment : Default marina-Swiss marina 1

Compound : Copper Omadine (default)

Emission : Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine-6.5

Load : 9.75E+01:g/d

Results

Total concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 1.09E+00 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 1.09E+00 :ug/l

Average concentration : 6.86E-01 :ug/l

Median concentration : 6.38E-01 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 2.22E-01 :ug/l

Dissolved concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 1.07E+00 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 1.07E+00 :ug/l

Average concentration : 6.77E-01 :ug/l

Median concentration : 6.30E-01 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 2.19E-01 :ug/l

Contaminant concentration on suspended solids

Maximum concentration : 3.07E-01 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 3.07E-01 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.93E-01 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.80E-01 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 6.25E-02 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 1 year of use

Maximum concentration : 1.29E-06 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.29E-06 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 8.12E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 7.55E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.62E-07 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 2 years of use

Maximum concentration : 1.29E-06 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.29E-06 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 8.12E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 7.55E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.62E-07 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 5 years of use
51

Maximum concentration : 1.29E-06 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.29E-06 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 8.12E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 7.55E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.62E-07 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 10 years of use

Maximum concentration : 1.29E-06 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.29E-06 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 8.12E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 7.55E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.62E-07 :ug/g dw

Results in surrounding waters

Total concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 4.30E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 4.22E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 4.08E-03 :ug/l

Median concentration : 2.54E-02 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 1.86E-02 :ug/l

Dissolved concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 4.28E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 4.17E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 4.03E-03 :ug/l

Median concentration : 2.50E-02 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 1.84E-02 :ug/l

Contaminant concentration on suspended solids

Maximum concentration : 1.22E-02 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.19E-02 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.15E-03 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 7.15E-03 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 5.25E-03 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 1 year of use

Maximum concentration : 5.13E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 4.99E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 4.83E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 3.00E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.20E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 2 years of use

Maximum concentration : 5.13E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 4.99E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 4.83E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 3.00E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.20E-08 :ug/g dw
52

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 5 years of use

Maximum concentration : 5.13E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 4.99E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 4.83E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 3.00E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.20E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 10 years of use

Maximum concentration : 5.13E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 4.99E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 4.83E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 3.00E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.20E-08 :ug/g dw

MAMPEC - Input data sheet

Compound

Name : Copper-pyrithione

Description : Copper Omadine (default)

Molecular mass : 315.85 :g/Mol

Vapor pressure : 5.00E-07 :Pa

Solubility : 6.00E-02 :g/m3

Octanol-water coefficient : 2.44E+00 :(-) Log (Kow)

Kd : 0.00E+00 :m3/kg

Koc : 4.00E+00 :(-) Log(Koc), Koc expressed as l/kg OrganicCarbon

Henry's coefficient : 2.60E-03 :Pa.m3/mol

Melting temperature : 0.0 :oC

pKa : 0.0 :(-)

in water

Biological degradation rate : 1.76E-01 :1/d

Hydrolytic degradation rate : 3.82E-02 :1/d

Photolytic degradation rate : 9.20E-01 :1/d

in sediment

Biological degradation rate : 6.30E-01 :1/d

Hydrolytic degradation rate : 8.13E+00 :1/d

Photolytic degradation rate : 0.00E+00 :1/d

Advanced Photodegradation calculation : False

Reference : 

Environment

Description : Default marina-Swiss marina 1

Silt concentration : 35.0 :g/m3

Particular organic carbon conc : 1.0 :g Organic Carbon/m3

Dissolved organic carbon conc : 2.0 :g/m3

Temperature : 25.0 :oC

Salinity : 5.00E+00 :s.e.

Depth well-mixed sediment top layer : 1.00E-01 : m

Sediment density : 1.000E+03 :kg/m3

Fraction organic carbon in sediment : 3.00E-02 :-/-

Nett sedimentation velocity : 1.00E-01 :m/d
53

pH : 6.5 :(-)

Chlorophyll : 3.00 :ug/l

Latitude : 50.00 degrees NH

Background concentrations : 0.00E+00 :ug/l

Average windspeed : 0.00 :m/s

Fraction wind perpendicular to harbour : 0.00 :-/-

Daily maximum non tidal water level change : 0.00 :m

Length of river, not part of harbor (x1) : 100 :m

Width of harbor (y1) : 100 :m

Length of harbor (x2) : 100 :m

Width of river (y2) : 100 :m

Depth of harbor : 2 :m

Length of open harbour mouth (x3) : 30 :m

Flow : 0.1 :m/s

Flow of flushing into harbor : 0 :m3/s

Tidal height : 1 :m

Density difference : 0.1 :kg/m3

Density difference flushing : 0 :kg/m3

Tidal period : 12.41 :h

Exchange surface : 60 :m2

Depth at harbour mouth : 2 :m

Height underwater dam at mouth : 0 :m

Width underwater dam at mouth : 0 :m

Length selected area : 0 :m

Width selected area : 0 :m

Depth selected area : 0 :m

Flow : 0 :m/s

Exchange volume in 1 tidal period : 15383 :m3

Reference : This is a Swiss Marina scenario taken from OECD 2005 report

 

Emission

Description : Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine-6.5

Load : 97.5 :g/d

Loading due to moving ships : 0 :g/d

Loading due to ships at berth : 97.5 :g/d

Leaching rate ships at berth : 6.5 :ug/cm2/d

Leaching rate ships at berth : 6.5 :ug/cm2/d

Number of ships at berth (Class 1) : 75

Number of ships at berth (Class 2) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 3) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 4) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 5) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 6) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 7) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 8) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 9 : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 10): 0

Number of moving ships (Class 1) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 2) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 3) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 4) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 5) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 6) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 7) : 0
54

Number of moving ships (Class 8) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 9) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 10): 0

Application factor (Class 1) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 2) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 3) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 4) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 5) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 6) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 7) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 8) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 9) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 10) : 20 :%

Underwater ship area (Class 1) : 20 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 2) : 22.5 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 3) : 450 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 4) : 3061 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 5) : 5999 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 6) : 9917 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 7) : 14814 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 8) : 22645 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 9) : 27547 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 10) : 39668 :m2

Ship Length (Class 1) : 0-10 :m

Ship Length (Class 2) : 10-50 :m

Ship Length (Class 3) : 50-100 :m

Ship Length (Class 4) : 100-150 :m

Ship Length (Class 5) : 150-200 :m

Ship Length (Class 6) : 200-250 :m

Ship Length (Class 7) : 250-300 :m

Ship Length (Class 8) : 300-350 :m

Ship Length (Class 9) : 350-400 :m

Ship Length (Class 10) : > 400 :m

Reference : Coastal Martina-LR=6.5

MAMPEC - Result Sheet-Small Marina –Leaching Rate=9.3 μg /cm2/day
55

Run : Default marina-Swiss marina 1 Copper Omadine (default) Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine9.3

Version : MamPec 2.0

Run date : 11/4/2008 1:57:41 PM

Memo :

Input

Environment : Default marina-Swiss marina 1

Compound : Copper Omadine (default)

Emission : Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine-9.3

Load : 1.40E+02:g/d

Results

Total concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 1.56E+00 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 1.56E+00 :ug/l

Average concentration : 9.81E-01 :ug/l

Median concentration : 9.12E-01 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 3.17E-01 :ug/l

Dissolved concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 1.54E+00 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 1.54E+00 :ug/l

Average concentration : 9.69E-01 :ug/l

Median concentration : 9.01E-01 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 3.13E-01 :ug/l

Contaminant concentration on suspended solids

Maximum concentration : 4.39E-01 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 4.39E-01 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 2.77E-01 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 2.57E-01 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 8.95E-02 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 1 year of use

Maximum concentration : 1.84E-06 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.84E-06 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.16E-06 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.08E-06 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 3.75E-07 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 2 years of use

Maximum concentration : 1.84E-06 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.84E-06 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.16E-06 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.08E-06 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 3.75E-07 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 5 years of use
56

Maximum concentration : 1.84E-06 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.84E-06 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.16E-06 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.08E-06 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 3.75E-07 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 10 years of use

Maximum concentration : 1.84E-06 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.84E-06 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.16E-06 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.08E-06 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 3.75E-07 :ug/g dw

Results in surrounding waters

Total concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 6.20E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 6.04E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 5.84E-03 :ug/l

Median concentration : 3.63E-02 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 2.66E-02 :ug/l

Dissolved concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 6.12E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 5.96E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 5.77E-03 :ug/l

Median concentration : 3.58E-02 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 2.63E-02 :ug/l

Contaminant concentration on suspended solids

Maximum concentration : 1.75E-02 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.70E-02 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.65E-03 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.02E-02 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 7.51E-03 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 1 year of use

Maximum concentration : 7.34E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 7.14E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 6.91E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 4.29E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 3.15E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 2 years of use

Maximum concentration : 7.34E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 7.14E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 6.91E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 4.29E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 3.15E-08 :ug/g dw
57

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 5 years of use

Maximum concentration : 7.34E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 7.14E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 6.91E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 4.29E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 3.15E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 10 years of use

Maximum concentration : 7.34E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 7.14E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 6.91E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 4.29E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 3.15E-08 :ug/g dw

MAMPEC - Input data sheet

Compound

Name : Copper-pyrithione

Description : Copper Omadine (default)

Molecular mass : 315.85 :g/Mol

Vapor pressure : 5.00E-07 :Pa

Solubility : 6.00E-02 :g/m3

Octanol-water coefficient : 2.44E+00 :(-) Log (Kow)

Kd : 0.00E+00 :m3/kg

Koc : 4.00E+00 :(-) Log(Koc), Koc expressed as l/kg OrganicCarbon

Henry's coefficient : 2.60E-03 :Pa.m3/mol

Melting temperature : 0.0 :oC

pKa : 0.0 :(-)

in water

Biological degradation rate : 1.76E-01 :1/d

Hydrolytic degradation rate : 3.82E-02 :1/d

Photolytic degradation rate : 9.20E-01 :1/d

in sediment

Biological degradation rate : 6.30E-01 :1/d

Hydrolytic degradation rate : 8.13E+00 :1/d

Photolytic degradation rate : 0.00E+00 :1/d

Advanced Photodegradation calculation : False

Reference : 

Environment

Description : Default marina-Swiss marina 1

Silt concentration : 35.0 :g/m3

Particular organic carbon conc : 1.0 :g Organic Carbon/m3

Dissolved organic carbon conc : 2.0 :g/m3

Temperature : 25.0 :oC

Salinity : 5.00E+00 :s.e.

Depth well-mixed sediment top layer : 1.00E-01 : m

Sediment density : 1.000E+03 :kg/m3

Fraction organic carbon in sediment : 3.00E-02 :-/-

Nett sedimentation velocity : 1.00E-01 :m/d

pH : 6.5 :(-)
58

Chlorophyll : 3.00 :ug/l

Latitude : 50.00 degrees NH

Background concentrations : 0.00E+00 :ug/l

Average windspeed : 0.00 :m/s

Fraction wind perpendicular to harbour : 0.00 :-/-

Daily maximum non tidal water level change : 0.00 :m

Length of river, not part of harbor (x1) : 100 :m

Width of harbor (y1) : 100 :m

Length of harbor (x2) : 100 :m

Width of river (y2) : 100 :m

Depth of harbor : 2 :m

Length of open harbour mouth (x3) : 30 :m

Flow : 0.1 :m/s

Flow of flushing into harbor : 0 :m3/s

Tidal height : 1 :m

Density difference : 0.1 :kg/m3

Density difference flushing : 0 :kg/m3

Tidal period : 12.41 :h

Exchange surface : 60 :m2

Depth at harbour mouth : 2 :m

Height underwater dam at mouth : 0 :m

Width underwater dam at mouth : 0 :m

Length selected area : 0 :m

Width selected area : 0 :m

Depth selected area : 0 :m

Flow : 0 :m/s

Exchange volume in 1 tidal period : 15383 :m3

Reference : This is a Swiss Marina scenario taken from OECD 2005 report

 

Emission

Description : Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine-9.3

Load : 139.5 :g/d

Loading due to moving ships : 0 :g/d

Loading due to ships at berth : 139.5 :g/d

Leaching rate ships at berth : 9.3 :ug/cm2/d

Leaching rate ships at berth : 9.3 :ug/cm2/d

Number of ships at berth (Class 1) : 75

Number of ships at berth (Class 2) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 3) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 4) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 5) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 6) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 7) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 8) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 9 : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 10): 0

Number of moving ships (Class 1) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 2) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 3) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 4) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 5) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 6) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 7) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 8) : 0
59

Number of moving ships (Class 9) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 10): 0

Application factor (Class 1) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 2) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 3) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 4) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 5) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 6) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 7) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 8) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 9) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 10) : 20 :%

Underwater ship area (Class 1) : 20 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 2) : 22.5 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 3) : 450 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 4) : 3061 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 5) : 5999 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 6) : 9917 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 7) : 14814 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 8) : 22645 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 9) : 27547 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 10) : 39668 :m2

Ship Length (Class 1) : 0-10 :m

Ship Length (Class 2) : 10-50 :m

Ship Length (Class 3) : 50-100 :m

Ship Length (Class 4) : 100-150 :m

Ship Length (Class 5) : 150-200 :m

Ship Length (Class 6) : 200-250 :m

Ship Length (Class 7) : 250-300 :m

Ship Length (Class 8) : 300-350 :m

Ship Length (Class 9) : 350-400 :m

Ship Length (Class 10) : > 400 :m

Reference : Coastal Martina-LR=9.3
60

Appendix C

Inputs, parameters and out put results from the MAMPEC Model run for Scenario 3 
61

MAMPEC - Result Sheet-Coastal Marina- Leaching rate=6.5 μg /cm2/day

Run : Default marina for salt water Copper Omadine (default) Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine

Version : MamPec 2.0

Run date : 11/4/2008 11:08:23 AM

Memo : 

Input

Environment : Default marina for salt water

Compound : Copper Omadine (default)

Emission : Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine

Load : 4.37E+02:g/d

Results

Total concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 2.86E-01 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 2.76E-01 :ug/l

Average concentration : 1.88E-01 :ug/l

Median concentration : 1.86E-01 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 3.96E-02 :ug/l

Dissolved concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 2.82E-01 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 2.72E-01 :ug/l

Average concentration : 1.85E-01 :ug/l

Median concentration : 1.84E-01 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 3.91E-02 :ug/l

Contaminant concentration on suspended solids

Maximum concentration : 8.07E-02 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 7.77E-02 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 5.30E-02 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 5.25E-02 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 1.12E-02 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 1 year of use

Maximum concentration : 1.69E-06 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.63E-06 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.11E-06 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.10E-06 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.34E-07 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 2 years of use

Maximum concentration : 1.69E-06 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.63E-06 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.11E-06 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.10E-06 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.34E-07 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 5 years of use
62

Maximum concentration : 1.69E-06 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.63E-06 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.11E-06 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.10E-06 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.34E-07 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 10 years of use

Maximum concentration : 1.69E-06 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.63E-06 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.11E-06 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.10E-06 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.34E-07 :ug/g dw

Results in surrounding waters

Total concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 1.70E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 1.47E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 9.15E-04 :ug/l

Median concentration : 7.58E-03 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 6.45E-03 :ug/l

Dissolved concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 1.65E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 1.45E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 9.03E-04 :ug/l

Median concentration : 7.49E-03 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 6.37E-03 :ug/l

Contaminant concentration on suspended solids

Maximum concentration : 4.70E-03 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 4.14E-03 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 2.58E-04 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 2.14E-03 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 1.82E-03 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 1 year of use

Maximum concentration : 9.86E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 8.68E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 5.41E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 4.49E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 3.81E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 2 years of use

Maximum concentration : 9.86E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 8.68E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 5.41E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 4.49E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 3.81E-08 :ug/g dw
63

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 5 years of use

Maximum concentration : 9.86E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 8.68E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 5.41E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 4.49E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 3.81E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 10 years of use

Maximum concentration : 9.86E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 8.68E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 5.41E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 4.49E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 3.81E-08 :ug/g dw

MAMPEC - Input data sheet

Compound

Name : Copper-pyrithione

Description : Copper Omadine (default)

Molecular mass : 315.85 :g/Mol

Vapor pressure : 5.00E-07 :Pa

Solubility : 6.00E-02 :g/m3

Octanol-water coefficient : 2.44E+00 :(-) Log (Kow)

Kd : 0.00E+00 :m3/kg

Koc : 4.00E+00 :(-) Log(Koc), Koc expressed as l/kg OrganicCarbon

Henry's coefficient : 2.60E-03 :Pa.m3/mol

Melting temperature : 0.0 :oC

pKa : 0.0 :(-)

in water

Biological degradation rate : 1.76E-01 :1/d

Hydrolytic degradation rate : 3.82E-02 :1/d

Photolytic degradation rate : 9.20E-01 :1/d

in sediment

Biological degradation rate : 6.30E-01 :1/d

Hydrolytic degradation rate : 8.13E+00 :1/d

Photolytic degradation rate : 0.00E+00 :1/d

Advanced Photodegradation calculation : False

Reference : 

Environment

Description : Default marina for salt water

Silt concentration : 35.0 :g/m3

Particular organic carbon conc : 1.0 :g Organic Carbon/m3

Dissolved organic carbon conc : 2.0 :g/m3

Temperature : 25.0 :oC

Salinity : 3.40E+01 :s.e.

Depth well-mixed sediment top layer : 1.00E-01 : m

Sediment density : 1.000E+03 :kg/m3

Fraction organic carbon in sediment : 3.00E-02 :-/-

Nett sedimentation velocity : 5.00E-01 :m/d
64

pH : 8.0 :(-)

Chlorophyll : 3.00 :ug/l

Latitude : 50.00 degrees NH

Background concentrations : 0.00E+00 :ug/l

Average windspeed : 0.00 :m/s

Fraction wind perpendicular to harbour : 0.00 :-/-

Daily maximum non tidal water level change : 0.00 :m

Length of river, not part of harbor (x1) : 400 :m

Width of harbor (y1) : 400 :m

Length of harbor (x2) : 400 :m

Width of river (y2) : 400 :m

Depth of harbor : 3.5 :m

Length of open harbour mouth (x3) : 100 :m

Flow : 1 :m/s

Flow of flushing into harbor : 0 :m3/s

Tidal height : 1 :m

Density difference : 0.1 :kg/m3

Density difference flushing : 0 :kg/m3

Tidal period : 12.41 :h

Exchange surface : 350 :m2

Depth at harbour mouth : 3.5 :m

Height underwater dam at mouth : 0 :m

Width underwater dam at mouth : 0 :m

Length selected area : 0 :m

Width selected area : 0 :m

Depth selected area : 0 :m

Flow : 0 :m/s

Exchange volume in 1 tidal period : 243420:m3

Reference : 

 

Emission

Description : Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine

Load : 437.2875 :g/d

Loading due to moving ships : 0 :g/d

Loading due to ships at berth : 437.2875 :g/d

Leaching rate ships at berth : 6.5 :ug/cm2/d

Leaching rate ships at berth : 6.5 :ug/cm2/d

Number of ships at berth (Class 1) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 2) : 299

Number of ships at berth (Class 3) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 4) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 5) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 6) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 7) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 8) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 9 : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 10): 0

Number of moving ships (Class 1) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 2) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 3) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 4) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 5) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 6) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 7) : 0
65

Number of moving ships (Class 8) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 9) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 10): 0

Application factor (Class 1) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 2) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 3) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 4) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 5) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 6) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 7) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 8) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 9) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 10) : 20 :%

Underwater ship area (Class 1) : 20 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 2) : 22.5 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 3) : 450 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 4) : 3061 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 5) : 5999 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 6) : 9917 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 7) : 14814 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 8) : 22645 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 9) : 27547 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 10) : 39668 :m2

Ship Length (Class 1) : 0-10 :m

Ship Length (Class 2) : 10-50 :m

Ship Length (Class 3) : 50-100 :m

Ship Length (Class 4) : 100-150 :m

Ship Length (Class 5) : 150-200 :m

Ship Length (Class 6) : 200-250 :m

Ship Length (Class 7) : 250-300 :m

Ship Length (Class 8) : 300-350 :m

Ship Length (Class 9) : 350-400 :m

Ship Length (Class 10) : > 400 :m

Reference : Coastal Martina-LR=6.5

MAMPEC - Result Sheet-Coastal Marina-Leaching rate=9.3 μg /cm2/day
66

Run : Default marina-Swiss marina 1 Copper Omadine (default) Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine9.3

Version : MamPec 2.0

Run date : 11/4/2008 2:18:20 PM

Memo : 

Input

Environment : Default marina

Compound : Copper Omadine (default)

Emission : Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine 9.3

Load : 6.26E+02:g/d

Results

Total concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 4.18E-01 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 4.03E-01 :ug/l

Average concentration : 2.76E-01 :ug/l

Median concentration : 2.74E-01 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 5.83E-02 :ug/l

Dissolved concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 4.13E-01 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 3.98E-01 :ug/l

Average concentration : 2.72E-01 :ug/l

Median concentration : 2.71E-01 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 5.76E-02 :ug/l

Contaminant concentration on suspended solids

Maximum concentration : 1.18E-01 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.14E-01 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 7.78E-02 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 7.74E-02 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 1.64E-02 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 1 year of use

Maximum concentration : 2.48E-06 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 2.38E-06 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.63E-06 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.62E-06 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 3.45E-07 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 2 years of use

Maximum concentration : 2.48E-06 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 2.38E-06 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.63E-06 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.62E-06 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 3.45E-07 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 5 years of use
67

Maximum concentration : 2.48E-06 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 2.38E-06 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.63E-06 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.62E-06 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 3.45E-07 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 10 years of use

Maximum concentration : 2.48E-06 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 2.38E-06 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.63E-06 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.62E-06 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 3.45E-07 :ug/g dw

Results in surrounding waters

Total concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 2.46E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 2.16E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 1.35E-03 :ug/l

Median concentration : 1.12E-02 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 9.51E-03 :ug/l

Dissolved concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 2.43E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 2.14E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 1.33E-03 :ug/l

Median concentration : 1.11E-02 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 9.39E-03 :ug/l

Contaminant concentration on suspended solids

Maximum concentration : 6.94E-03 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 6.10E-03 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 3.81E-04 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 3.16E-03 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.68E-03 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 1 year of use

Maximum concentration : 1.46E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.28E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 7.99E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 6.62E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 5.63E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 2 years of use

Maximum concentration : 1.46E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.28E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 7.99E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 6.62E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 5.63E-08 :ug/g dw
68

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 5 years of use

Maximum concentration : 1.46E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.28E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 7.99E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 6.62E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 5.63E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 10 years of use

Maximum concentration : 1.46E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.28E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 7.99E-09 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 6.62E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 5.63E-08 :ug/g dw

MAMPEC - Input data sheet

Compound

Name : Copper-pyrithione

Description : Copper Omadine (default)

Molecular mass : 315.85 :g/Mol

Vapor pressure : 5.00E-07 :Pa

Solubility : 6.00E-02 :g/m3

Octanol-water coefficient : 2.44E+00 :(-) Log (Kow)

Kd : 0.00E+00 :m3/kg

Koc : 4.00E+00 :(-) Log(Koc), Koc expressed as l/kg OrganicCarbon

Henry's coefficient : 2.60E-03 :Pa.m3/mol

Melting temperature : 0.0 :oC

pKa : 0.0 :(-)

in water

Biological degradation rate : 1.76E-01 :1/d

Hydrolytic degradation rate : 3.82E-02 :1/d

Photolytic degradation rate : 9.20E-01 :1/d

in sediment

Biological degradation rate : 6.30E-01 :1/d

Hydrolytic degradation rate : 8.13E+00 :1/d

Photolytic degradation rate : 0.00E+00 :1/d

Advanced Photodegradation calculation : False

Reference : 

Environment

Description : Default marina

Silt concentration : 35.0 :g/m3

Particular organic carbon conc : 1.0 :g Organic Carbon/m3

Dissolved organic carbon conc : 2.0 :g/m3

Temperature : 20.0 :oC

Salinity : 3.40E+01 :s.e.

Depth well-mixed sediment top layer : 1.00E-01 : m

Sediment density : 1.000E+03 :kg/m3

Fraction organic carbon in sediment : 3.00E-02 :-/-

Nett sedimentation velocity : 5.00E-01 :m/d

pH : 8.0 :(-)
69

Chlorophyll : 3.00 :ug/l

Latitude : 50.00 degrees NH

Background concentrations : 0.00E+00 :ug/l

Average windspeed : 0.00 :m/s

Fraction wind perpendicular to harbour : 0.00 :-/-

Daily maximum non tidal water level change : 0.00 :m

Length of river, not part of harbor (x1) : 400 :m

Width of harbor (y1) : 400 :m

Length of harbor (x2) : 400 :m

Width of river (y2) : 400 :m

Depth of harbor : 3.5 :m

Length of open harbour mouth (x3) : 100 :m

Flow : 1 :m/s

Flow of flushing into harbor : 0 :m3/s

Tidal height : 1 :m

Density difference : 0.1 :kg/m3

Density difference flushing : 0 :kg/m3

Tidal period : 12.41 :h

Exchange surface : 350 :m2

Depth at harbour mouth : 3.5 :m

Height underwater dam at mouth : 0 :m

Width underwater dam at mouth : 0 :m

Length selected area : 0 :m

Width selected area : 0 :m

Depth selected area : 0 :m

Flow : 0 :m/s

Exchange volume in 1 tidal period : 243420:m3

Reference : 

 

Emission

Description : Default Marina 100% Cu-Omadine 9.3

Load : 625.6575 :g/d

Loading due to moving ships : 0 :g/d

Loading due to ships at berth : 625.6575 :g/d

Leaching rate ships at berth : 9.3 :ug/cm2/d

Leaching rate ships at berth : 9.3 :ug/cm2/d

Number of ships at berth (Class 1) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 2) : 299

Number of ships at berth (Class 3) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 4) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 5) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 6) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 7) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 8) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 9 : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 10): 0

Number of moving ships (Class 1) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 2) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 3) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 4) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 5) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 6) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 7) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 8) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 9) : 0
70

Number of moving ships (Class 10): 0

Application factor (Class 1) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 2) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 3) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 4) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 5) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 6) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 7) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 8) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 9) : 20 :%

Application factor (Class 10) : 20 :%

Underwater ship area (Class 1) : 20 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 2) : 22.5 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 3) : 450 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 4) : 3061 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 5) : 5999 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 6) : 9917 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 7) : 14814 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 8) : 22645 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 9) : 27547 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 10) : 39668 :m2

Ship Length (Class 1) : 0-10 :m

Ship Length (Class 2) : 10-50 :m

Ship Length (Class 3) : 50-100 :m

Ship Length (Class 4) : 100-150 :m

Ship Length (Class 5) : 150-200 :m

Ship Length (Class 6) : 200-250 :m

Ship Length (Class 7) : 250-300 :m

Ship Length (Class 8) : 300-350 :m

Ship Length (Class 9) : 350-400 :m

Ship Length (Class 10) : > 400 :m

Reference : Coastal Martina-LR=9.3
71

Appendix D

Inputs, parameters and out put results from the MAMPEC Model run for Scenario 4 

MAMPEC - Result Sheet-Coastal Harbor-LR=6.5 μg /cm2/day
72

Run : Default estuarine harbour 1 Copper Omadine (default) Default Estuarine Harbour-1

Version : MamPec 2.0

Run date : 11/4/2008 11:15:33 AM

Memo : 

Input

Environment : Default estuarine harbour 1

Compound : Copper Omadine (default)

Emission : Default Estuarine Harbour-1

Load : 6.29E+03:g/d

Results

Total concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 6.76E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 6.24E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 3.34E-02 :ug/l

Median concentration : 2.56E-02 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 4.95E-03 :ug/l

Dissolved concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 6.68E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 6.16E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 3.30E-02 :ug/l

Median concentration : 2.53E-02 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 4.89E-03 :ug/l

Contaminant concentration on suspended solids

Maximum concentration : 1.91E-02 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 1.76E-02 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 9.42E-03 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 7.23E-03 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 1.40E-03 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 1 year of use

Maximum concentration : 4.00E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 3.69E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.98E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.52E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.93E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 2 years of use

Maximum concentration : 4.00E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 3.69E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.98E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.52E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.93E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 5 years of use
73

Maximum concentration : 4.00E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 3.69E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.98E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.52E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.93E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 10 years of use

Maximum concentration : 4.00E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 3.69E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.98E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.52E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.93E-08 :ug/g dw

Results in surrounding waters

Total concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 1.10E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 9.36E-03 :ug/l

Average concentration : 2.29E-03 :ug/l

Median concentration : 4.83E-03 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 2.59E-03 :ug/l

Dissolved concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 1.09E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 9.24E-03 :ug/l

Average concentration : 2.26E-03 :ug/l

Median concentration : 4.77E-03 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 2.55E-03 :ug/l

Contaminant concentration on suspended solids

Maximum concentration : 3.11E-03 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 2.64E-03 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 6.47E-04 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.36E-03 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 7.29E-04 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 1 year of use

Maximum concentration : 6.53E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 5.54E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.36E-08 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 2.86E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 1.53E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 2 years of use

Maximum concentration : 6.53E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 5.54E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.36E-08 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 2.86E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 1.53E-08 :ug/g dw
74

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 5 years of use

Maximum concentration : 6.53E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 5.54E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.36E-08 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 2.86E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 1.53E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 10 years of use

Maximum concentration : 6.53E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 5.54E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.36E-08 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 2.86E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 1.53E-08 :ug/g dw

MAMPEC - Input data sheet

Compound

Name : Copper-pyrithione

Description : Copper Omadine (default)

Molecular mass : 315.85 :g/Mol

Vapor pressure : 5.00E-07 :Pa

Solubility : 6.00E-02 :g/m3

Octanol-water coefficient : 2.44E+00 :(-) Log (Kow)

Kd : 0.00E+00 :m3/kg

Koc : 4.00E+00 :(-) Log(Koc), Koc expressed as l/kg OrganicCarbon

Henry's coefficient : 2.60E-03 :Pa.m3/mol

Melting temperature : 0.0 :oC

pKa : 0.0 :(-)

in water

Biological degradation rate : 1.76E-01 :1/d

Hydrolytic degradation rate : 3.82E-02 :1/d

Photolytic degradation rate : 9.20E-01 :1/d

in sediment

Biological degradation rate : 6.30E-01 :1/d

Hydrolytic degradation rate : 8.13E+00 :1/d

Photolytic degradation rate : 0.00E+00 :1/d

Advanced Photodegradation calculation : False

Reference : 

Environment

Description : Default estuarine harbour 1

Silt concentration : 35.0 :g/m3

Particular organic carbon conc : 1.0 :g Organic Carbon/m3

Dissolved organic carbon conc : 2.0 :g/m3

Temperature : 25.0 :oC

Salinity : 3.40E+01 :s.e.

Depth well-mixed sediment top layer : 2.00E-01 : m

Sediment density : 1.000E+03 :kg/m3

Fraction organic carbon in sediment : 3.00E-02 :-/-

Nett sedimentation velocity : 1.00E+00 :m/d

pH : 7.5 :(-)
75

Chlorophyll : 3.00 :ug/l

Latitude : 50.00 degrees NH

Background concentrations : 0.00E+00 :ug/l

Average windspeed : 0.00 :m/s

Fraction wind perpendicular to harbour : 0.00 :-/-

Daily maximum non tidal water level change : 0.00 :m

Length of river, not part of harbor (x1) : 1000 :m

Width of harbor (y1) : 1000 :m

Length of harbor (x2) : 5000 :m

Width of river (y2) : 500 :m

Depth of harbor : 15 :m

Length of open harbour mouth (x3) : 2500 :m

Flow : 1 :m/s

Flow of flushing into harbor : 0 :m3/s

Tidal height : 1.5 :m

Density difference : 0.4 :kg/m3

Density difference flushing : 0 :kg/m3

Tidal period : 12.41 :h

Exchange surface : 37500 :m2

Depth at harbour mouth : 15 :m

Height underwater dam at mouth : 0 :m

Width underwater dam at mouth : 0 :m

Length selected area : 0 :m

Width selected area : 0 :m

Depth selected area : 0 :m

Flow : 0 :m/s

Exchange volume in 1 tidal period : 60262000 :m3

Reference : 

 

Emission

Description : Default Estuarine Harbour-1

Load : 6285.6365 :g/d

Loading due to moving ships : 448.9615 :g/d

Loading due to ships at berth : 5836.675 :g/d

Leaching rate ships at berth : 6.5 :ug/cm2/d

Leaching rate ships at berth : 6.5 :ug/cm2/d

Number of ships at berth (Class 1) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 2) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 3) : 11

Number of ships at berth (Class 4) : 5

Number of ships at berth (Class 5) : 5

Number of ships at berth (Class 6) : 1

Number of ships at berth (Class 7) : 2

Number of ships at berth (Class 8) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 9 : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 10): 0

Number of moving ships (Class 1) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 2) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 3) : 1.8

Number of moving ships (Class 4) : 0.4

Number of moving ships (Class 5) : 0.4

Number of moving ships (Class 6) : 0.1

Number of moving ships (Class 7) : 0.1

Number of moving ships (Class 8) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 9) : 0
76

Number of moving ships (Class 10): 0

Application factor (Class 1) : 0 :%

Application factor (Class 2) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 3) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 4) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 5) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 6) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 7) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 8) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 9) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 10) : 100 :%

Underwater ship area (Class 1) : 20 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 2) : 120 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 3) : 450 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 4) : 3061 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 5) : 5999 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 6) : 9917 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 7) : 14814 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 8) : 22645 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 9) : 27547 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 10) : 39668 :m2

Ship Length (Class 1) : 0-10 :m

Ship Length (Class 2) : 10-50 :m

Ship Length (Class 3) : 50-100 :m

Ship Length (Class 4) : 100-150 :m

Ship Length (Class 5) : 150-200 :m

Ship Length (Class 6) : 200-250 :m

Ship Length (Class 7) : 250-300 :m

Ship Length (Class 8) : 300-350 :m

Ship Length (Class 9) : 350-400 :m

Ship Length (Class 10) : > 400 :m

Reference : 

MAMPEC - Result Sheet-Coastal Harbor-LR=9.3 μg /cm2/day
77

Run : Default estuarine harbour 1 Copper Omadine (default) Default Estuarine Harbour-2

Version : MamPec 2.0

Run date : 11/4/2008 11:17:25 AM

Memo : 

Input

Environment : Default estuarine harbour 1

Compound : Copper Omadine (default)

Emission : Default Estuarine Harbour-2

Load : 8.99E+03:g/d

Results

Total concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 9.68E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 8.93E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 4.78E-02 :ug/l

Median concentration : 3.67E-02 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 7.09E-03 :ug/l

Dissolved concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 9.55E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 8.81E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 4.72E-02 :ug/l

Median concentration : 3.62E-02 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 7.00E-03 :ug/l

Contaminant concentration on suspended solids

Maximum concentration : 2.73E-02 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 2.52E-02 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.35E-02 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.03E-02 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.00E-03 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 1 year of use

Maximum concentration : 5.72E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 5.28E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 2.83E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 2.17E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 4.19E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 2 years of use

Maximum concentration : 5.72E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 5.28E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 2.83E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 2.17E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 4.19E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 5 years of use

Maximum concentration : 5.72E-07 :ug/g dw
78

95 % concentration : 5.28E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 2.83E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 2.17E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 4.19E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 10 years of use

Maximum concentration : 5.72E-07 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 5.28E-07 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 2.83E-07 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 2.17E-07 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 4.19E-08 :ug/g dw

Results in surrounding waters

Total concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 1.60E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 1.34E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 3.28E-03 :ug/l

Median concentration : 6.91E-03 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 3.70E-03 :ug/l

Dissolved concentration in water

Maximum concentration : 1.56E-02 :ug/l

95 % concentration : 1.32E-02 :ug/l

Average concentration : 3.24E-03 :ug/l

Median concentration : 6.82E-03 :ug/l

Minimum concentration : 3.65E-03 :ug/l

Contaminant concentration on suspended solids

Maximum concentration : 4.45E-03 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 3.78E-03 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 9.25E-04 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 1.95E-03 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 1.04E-03 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 1 year of use

Maximum concentration : 9.34E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 7.92E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.94E-08 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 4.09E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.19E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 2 years of use

Maximum concentration : 9.34E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 7.92E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.94E-08 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 4.09E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.19E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 5 years of use
79

Maximum concentration : 9.34E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 7.92E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.94E-08 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 4.09E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.19E-08 :ug/g dw

Contaminant concentration in sediment after 10 years of use

Maximum concentration : 9.34E-08 :ug/g dw

95 % concentration : 7.92E-08 :ug/g dw

Average concentration : 1.94E-08 :ug/g dw

Median concentration : 4.09E-08 :ug/g dw

Minimum concentration : 2.19E-08 :ug/g dw

MAMPEC - Input data sheet

Compound

Name : Copper-pyrithione

Description : Copper Omadine (default)

Molecular mass : 315.85 :g/Mol

Vapor pressure : 5.00E-07 :Pa

Solubility : 6.00E-02 :g/m3

Octanol-water coefficient : 2.44E+00 :(-) Log (Kow)

Kd : 0.00E+00 :m3/kg

Koc : 4.00E+00 :(-) Log(Koc), Koc expressed as l/kg OrganicCarbon

Henry's coefficient : 2.60E-03 :Pa.m3/mol

Melting temperature : 0.0 :oC

pKa : 0.0 :(-)

in water

Biological degradation rate : 1.76E-01 :1/d

Hydrolytic degradation rate : 3.82E-02 :1/d

Photolytic degradation rate : 9.20E-01 :1/d

in sediment

Biological degradation rate : 6.30E-01 :1/d

Hydrolytic degradation rate : 8.13E+00 :1/d

Photolytic degradation rate : 0.00E+00 :1/d

Advanced Photodegradation calculation : False

Reference : 

Environment

Description : Default estuarine harbour 1

Silt concentration : 35.0 :g/m3

Particular organic carbon conc : 1.0 :g Organic Carbon/m3

Dissolved organic carbon conc : 2.0 :g/m3

Temperature : 25.0 :oC

Salinity : 3.40E+01 :s.e.

Depth well-mixed sediment top layer : 2.00E-01 : m

Sediment density : 1.000E+03 :kg/m3

Fraction organic carbon in sediment : 3.00E-02 :-/-

Nett sedimentation velocity : 1.00E+00 :m/d

pH : 7.5 :(-)

Chlorophyll : 3.00 :ug/l
80

Latitude : 50.00 degrees NH

Background concentrations : 0.00E+00 :ug/l

Average windspeed : 0.00 :m/s

Fraction wind perpendicular to harbour : 0.00 :-/-

Daily maximum non tidal water level change : 0.00 :m

Length of river, not part of harbor (x1) : 1000 :m

Width of harbor (y1) : 1000 :m

Length of harbor (x2) : 5000 :m

Width of river (y2) : 500 :m

Depth of harbor : 15 :m

Length of open harbour mouth (x3) : 2500 :m

Flow : 1 :m/s

Flow of flushing into harbor : 0 :m3/s

Tidal height : 1.5 :m

Density difference : 0.4 :kg/m3

Density difference flushing : 0 :kg/m3

Tidal period : 12.41 :h

Exchange surface : 37500 :m2

Depth at harbour mouth : 15 :m

Height underwater dam at mouth : 0 :m

Width underwater dam at mouth : 0 :m

Length selected area : 0 :m

Width selected area : 0 :m

Depth selected area : 0 :m

Flow : 0 :m/s

Exchange volume in 1 tidal period : 60262000 :m3

Reference : 

 

Emission

Description : Default Estuarine Harbour-2

Load : 8993.2953 :g/d

Loading due to moving ships : 642.3603 :g/d

Loading due to ships at berth : 8350.935 :g/d

Leaching rate ships at berth : 9.3 :ug/cm2/d

Leaching rate ships at berth : 9.3 :ug/cm2/d

Number of ships at berth (Class 1) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 2) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 3) : 11

Number of ships at berth (Class 4) : 5

Number of ships at berth (Class 5) : 5

Number of ships at berth (Class 6) : 1

Number of ships at berth (Class 7) : 2

Number of ships at berth (Class 8) : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 9 : 0

Number of ships at berth (Class 10): 0

Number of moving ships (Class 1) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 2) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 3) : 1.8

Number of moving ships (Class 4) : 0.4

Number of moving ships (Class 5) : 0.4

Number of moving ships (Class 6) : 0.1

Number of moving ships (Class 7) : 0.1

Number of moving ships (Class 8) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 9) : 0

Number of moving ships (Class 10): 0
81

Application factor (Class 1) : 0 :%

Application factor (Class 2) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 3) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 4) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 5) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 6) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 7) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 8) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 9) : 100 :%

Application factor (Class 10) : 100 :%

Underwater ship area (Class 1) : 20 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 2) : 120 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 3) : 450 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 4) : 3061 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 5) : 5999 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 6) : 9917 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 7) : 14814 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 8) : 22645 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 9) : 27547 :m2

Underwater ship area (Class 10) : 39668 :m2

Ship Length (Class 1) : 0-10 :m

Ship Length (Class 2) : 10-50 :m

Ship Length (Class 3) : 50-100 :m

Ship Length (Class 4) : 100-150 :m

Ship Length (Class 5) : 150-200 :m

Ship Length (Class 6) : 200-250 :m

Ship Length (Class 7) : 250-300 :m

Ship Length (Class 8) : 300-350 :m

Ship Length (Class 9) : 350-400 :m

Ship Length (Class 10) : > 400 :m

Reference : 

Sign-off Date : 11/18/10

DP Barcode No. : D384160