[Cite as Underwood v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., 2011-Ohio-5314.]

Court of Claims of Ohio

The Ohio Judicial Center 

65 South Front Street, Third Floor 

Columbus, OH 43215 

614.387.9800 or 1.800.824.8263 

www.cco.state.oh.us

JEWELIENNE UNDERWOOD 

 Plaintiff 

 v. 

OHIO DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION 

 Defendant 

Case No. 2011-03782-AD 

Acting Clerk Daniel R. Borchert 

MEMORANDUM DECISION

FINDINGS OF FACT 

{¶1} Plaintiff, Jewelienne Underwood, alleges that on January 29, 2011, at 

approximately 7:40 a.m., she was traveling “from John Scott Highway in Steubenville 

Ohio to Route 22 east towards West Virginia. At the connection of road beneath the 

overpass my car fell into a huge pothole. * * * The overpass is Alter Ave & the row of 

unavoidable potholes were across the length of the road.” In her complaint, plaintiff 

pointed out that there are numerous potholes in the area and that repairs still need to be 

made. Plaintiff submitted photographs depicting the area where her car was damaged. 

Upon review, the trier of fact notes the photographs submitted by plaintiff show a 

massive pavement deterioration that spans the entire width of the right lane of travel. 

The defect is extensive and shows evidence of chronic failed repair efforts. 

{¶2} Plaintiff filed this complaint seeking to recover $725.38, the cost of a 

replacement tire and related repair expenses resulting from the January 29, 2011 

incident. Plaintiff asserted she incurred these damages as a proximate result of 
Case No. 2006-03532-AD - 2 - MEMORANDUM DECISION

negligence on the part of defendant, Department of Transportation (DOT), in 

maintaining the roadway. The $25.00 filing fee was paid. 

{¶3} Defendant denied liability based on the assertion it professed to have no 

knowledge of the damage-causing pothole prior to plaintiff’s January 29, 2011 incident. 

Defendant denied receiving any calls or complaints before January 29, 2011, about a 

pothole that DOT located “near milepost 14.93 on US 22 in Jefferson County.” 

Defendant suggested, “it is likely the pothole existed for only a short time before the 

incident.” 

{¶4} Defendant explained DOT employees conduct roadway inspections on all 

state roadways on a routine basis, “at least two times a month.” A review of the 

maintenance history submitted by defendant shows pothole patching operations were 

performed at the location of plaintiff’s incident on January 18, 2011. Defendant denied 

DOT employees were negligent in regard to roadway maintenance. 

{¶5} Plaintiff filed a response stating that the pictures she submitted document 

that although the road had been patched multiple times it was not repaired properly or 

completely. Plaintiff suggested defendant negligently maintained the roadway due to 

DOT’s failure to properly patch recurring potholes. 

CONCLUSIONS OF LAW 

{¶6} Defendant has the duty to maintain its highways in a reasonably safe 

condition for the motoring public. Knickel v. Ohio Department of Transportation (1976), 

49 Ohio App. 2d 335, 3 O.O. 3d 413, 361 N.E. 2d 486. However, defendant is not an 

insurer of the safety of its highways. See Kniskern v. Township of Somerford (1996), 

112 Ohio App. 3d 189, 678 N.E. 2d 273; Rhodus v. Ohio Dept. of Transp. (1990), 67 
Case No. 2006-03532-AD - 3 - MEMORANDUM DECISION

Case No. 2006-03532-AD - 3 - MEMORANDUM DECISION

Ohio App. 3d 723, 588 N.E. 2d 864. 

{¶7} To prove a breach of duty by defendant to maintain the highways plaintiff 

must establish, by a preponderance of the evidence, that DOT had actual or 

constructive notice of the precise condition or defect alleged to have caused the 

accident. McClellan v. ODOT (1986), 34 Ohio App. 3d 247, 517 N.E. 2d 1388. 

Defendant is only liable for roadway conditions of which it has notice, but fails to 

reasonably correct. Bussard v. Dept. of Transp. (1986), 31 Ohio Misc. 2d 1, 31 OBR 

64, 507 N.E. 2d 1179. 

{¶8} Plaintiff has provided sufficient evidence for the trier of fact to find 

constructive notice of the pothole has been proven. The photographic evidence plaintiff 

supplied establishes that the damage-causing defect was massive in size and 

constituted a recurring problem defendant failed to properly correct. Pursuant to the 

holding of Fite v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., Ct. of Cl. No. 2009-05757, 2009-Ohio-7124, 

“the massive size of a defect coupled with knowledge that the pothole presented a 

recurring problem is sufficient to prove constructive notice.” at ¶10. 

{¶9} Moreover, the trier of fact finds it is extremely unlikely periodic inspection 

activity would not have discovered the damage-causing defect at milepost 14.93. The 
Case No. 2006-03532-AD - 4 - MEMORANDUM DECISION

credibility of witnesses and the weight attributable to their testimony are primarily 

matters for the trier of fact. State v. DeHass (1967), 10 Ohio St. 2d 230, 39 O.O. 2d 

366, 227 N.E. 2d 212, paragraph one of the syllabus. The court is free to believe or 

disbelieve, all or any part of each witness’s testimony. State v. Antill (1964), 176 Ohio 

St. 61, 26 O.O. 2d 366, 197 N.E. 2d 548. The court does not find defendant’s 

assertions persuasive that routine patrols were conducted or that the roadway was 

adequately maintained. Conversely, the trier of fact finds that there is no evidence that 

the roadway was routinely inspected or that the inspection was adequate. Kornokovich 

v. Ohio Dept. Of Transp., Ct. Of Cl. No. 2009-05641-AD, 2009-Ohio-7123. 

{¶10} In addition, plaintiff has supplied sufficient evidence to show that 

defendant did in a general sense, maintain the highway negligently. Denis v. 

Department of Transportation (1976), 75-0287-AD. The fact defendant needed to repair 

numerous defects in a brief time frame is conclusive evidence of negligent 

maintenance. Carter v. Highway Department Transportation O.D.O.T. (1997), 97-

03280-AD; Reese v. Ohio Dept. of Transportation (1999), 99-05697-AD. Furthermore, 

the trier of fact finds plaintiff’s car struck a pothole which had been most recently 

patched on January 18, 2011. A pothole patch which deteriorates in less than ten days 

is prima facie evidence of negligent maintenance. See Matala v. Department of 

Transportation, 2003-01270-AD, 2003-Ohio-2618; Schrock v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., 

2005-02460-AD, 2005-Ohio-2479. 

{¶11} The fact the pothole plaintiff’s car struck deteriorated in a time frame of 

slightly more than ten days does not negate application of the standard expressed in 

Matala. See Marsh v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., 2006-01912-AD, 2006-Ohio-7204. 
Case No. 2006-03532-AD - 5 - MEMORANDUM DECISION

Case No. 2006-03532-AD - 5 - MEMORANDUM DECISION

{¶12} Negligence in this action has been proven and defendant is liable to 

plaintiff for all damages claimed, $725.38, plus the $25.00 filing fee costs. Bailey v. 

Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction (1990), 62 Ohio Misc. 2d 19, 587 N.E. 

2d 990. 

Court of Claims of Ohio

The Ohio Judicial Center 

65 South Front Street, Third Floor 

Columbus, OH 43215 

614.387.9800 or 1.800.824.8263 

www.cco.state.oh.us 

JEWELIENNE UNDERWOOD 

 Plaintiff 
Case No. 2006-03532-AD - 6 - MEMORANDUM DECISION

 v. 

OHIO DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION 

 Defendant 

Case No. 2011-03782-AD 

Acting Clerk Daniel R. Borchert 

ENTRY OF ADMINISTRATIVE

DETERMINATION

 Having considered all the evidence in the claim file and, for the reasons set forth 

in the memorandum decision filed concurrently herewith, judgment is rendered in favor 

of plaintiff in the amount of $750.38, which includes the filing fee. Court costs are 

assessed against defendant. 

 

 DANIEL R. BORCHERT 

 Acting Clerk 

Entry cc: 

Jewelienne Underwood Jerry Wray, Director 

R.R. 2 Box 294 A Department of Transportation 

Colliers, West Virginia 26035 1980 West Broad Street 

 Columbus, Ohio 43223 

SJM/laa 
Case No. 2006-03532-AD - 7 - MEMORANDUM DECISION

Case No. 2006-03532-AD - 7 - MEMORANDUM DECISION

6/9 

Filed 7/18/11 

Sent to S.C. reporter 10/13/11