AFFIRMED; Opinion Filed June 26, 2014.

S

In The

Court of Appeals

Fifth District of Texas at Dallas

No. 05-13-00074-CV

JEFFREY POWERS AND LINSEY POWERS, Appellants

V.

ROBERT PARSONS AND BETTY PARSONS, Appellees

On Appeal from the 86th District Court

Kaufman County, Texas

Trial Court Cause No. 85206-86

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Justices Francis, Lang-Miers, and Lewis

Opinion by Justice Lang-Miers

Appellants Jeffrey Powers and Linsey Powers appeal the summary judgment granted in 

favor of appellees Robert Parsons and Betty Parsons. In one issue, appellants argue that 

summary judgment was not proper because appellees’ motion for summary judgment did not 

address the claim pleaded against them. Because all dispositive issues are settled in law, we 

issue this memorandum opinion. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(a), 47.4. We affirm.

BACKGROUND

Appellant Jeffrey Powers alleged that he suffered injuries when he was struck by a 

SeaDoo watercraft while he was swimming in a lake. Appellants Jeffrey Powers and Linsey 

Powers sued Terry Shannon Baker, the driver of the SeaDoo, Tammy Denise McClelland, the 
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owner of the SeaDoo, Karen Parsons, the host of a lake house party that appellants were 

attending at the time of the incident, and appellees, the owners of the lake house and parents of 

Karen Parsons. In the section of their original petition entitled “Causes of Action[,]” appellants 

alleged: 

Plaintiffs would show that Defendants Robert and Betty Parsons owned 

the lakehouse located at 410 Forest Lane, Gun Barrel City, Texas, where the 

Defendants Terry Baker and Tammy McClelland and others were gathered for a 

party. Karen Parsons, the daughter of Robert and Betty Parsons, was hosting a 

party at the lakehouse, and it was during this party that alcoholic beverages were 

served to guests, including Defendant Baker. [T]he provision of alcohol to the 

obviously intoxicated Defendant Baker proximately caused the injuries herein 

alleged. [T]his action, as well as the entrustment of the lakehouse for a party 

constitute failure to exercise ordinary care. The Defendants failed to exercise 

ordinary care by: 

a. Allowing Defendant Baker to consume alcohol when he was 

intoxicated; 

b. Allowing Defendant Baker to operate watercraft in an impaired 

state; and 

c. Entrusting the lakehouse for use of a party without having rules 

regarding drinking and operating watercrafts.

Appellants also alleged that “[e]ach of the Defendants’ actions described above constitute gross 

negligence” and sought to recover exemplary damages.

Appellees filed a motion for traditional summary judgment arguing that they were 

entitled to summary judgment because (1) they did not owe any duty to appellants and (2) they 

did not proximately cause the injuries. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c). Appellees contended that 

they were not liable for providing alcohol at their lake house because Texas law does not 

recognize social-host liability. They also argued that they could not be “negligent for failing to 

impose rules and restrictions applicable to the lakehouse because (a) they owed no duty to 

impose such rules on any adult guests at the lakehouse and (b) the lack of any rules did not 

proximately cause Jeffrey Powers’s injuries.” They further argued that they were not liable (1) 
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for negligent entrustment of the SeaDoo because they did not own or entrust the SeaDoo or (2) 

for negligent entrustment of appellees’ deck boat that appellants allegedly rode prior to the 

incident because the alleged entrustment of the deck boat did not proximately cause Jeffrey 

Powers’s injuries.1 In addition, they argued that, because appellants could not recover actual 

damages against appellees, appellees were also entitled to summary judgment dismissing

appellants’ gross negligence claim.

In response, appellants argued that appellees had not met their burden to show that they 

were entitled to judgment as a matter of law because (1) appellants did not claim that appellees 

were providers of alcohol and, as a result, appellees were not entitled to summary judgment on 

any claim that appellees provided alcohol, (2) appellees were not entitled to summary judgment 

regarding negligent entrustment of their deck boat because appellants did not allege that claim, 

and (3) appellees “wholly failed to address the one claim that was brought against them[,]”

which was “negligence in, among other acts and omissions, ‘Entrusting the lakehouse for use of 

a party without having rules regarding drinking and operating watercrafts.’” Appellants also 

argued that appellees were not entitled to summary judgment on appellants’ gross negligence 

claim. Appellants did not otherwise challenge the underlying merits of the motion.

The trial court generally granted appellees’ motion for summary judgment “as to all 

claims and causes of action asserted against them[.]” Then the trial court granted appellees’

unopposed motion to sever claims against them from the claims against the other defendants,

making the summary judgment a final judgment in the severed case. This appeal followed.

 1 Appellees stated in their motion for summary judgment that, “[a]lthough not alleged in [appellants’] current petition,” appellants “may 

contend” that appellees negligently entrusted their deck boat to Baker. 
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STANDARD OF REVIEW AND APPLICABLE LAW

We review the trial court’s summary judgment de novo. Provident Life & Accident Ins. 

Co. v. Knott, 128 S.W.3d 211, 215 (Tex. 2003). A motion for traditional summary judgment 

must show there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the moving party is entitled to 

judgment as a matter of law. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c). In order to prevail on summary judgment, 

the defendants as movants had to disprove at least one element of the plaintiffs’ claims as a 

matter of law or conclusively establish all elements of an affirmative defense. Friendswood Dev. 

Co. v. McDade & Co., 926 S.W.2d 280, 282 (Tex. 1996); Kalyanaram v. Univ. of Tex. Sys., 230 

S.W.3d 921, 925 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2007, pet. denied). If they met that burden, the nonmovant 

plaintiffs had to respond and present evidence raising a fact issue as to the material facts in 

question. Kalyanaram, 230 S.W.3d at 925.

“A defendant need not, however, show that the plaintiff cannot succeed on any theory 

conceivable in order to obtain summary judgment; he is only ‘required to meet the plaintiff’s 

case as pleaded.’” SmithKline Beecham Corp. v. Doe, 903 S.W.2d 347, 355 (Tex. 1995)

(quoting Cook v. Brundidge, Fountain, Elliott & Churchill, 533 S.W.2d 751, 759 (Tex. 1976)); 

see Via Net v. TIG Ins. Co., 211 S.W.3d 310, 313 (Tex. 2006).

DID APPELLEES’ MOTION ADDRESS APPELLANTS’ CLAIM?

In one issue, appellants argue that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to 

appellees because their motion for summary judgment did not address the cause of action 

pleaded by appellants. Although appellants also present two other sub-issues,2 we do not address 

them because the remaining sub-issues do not affect the final disposition of this appeal. TEX. R.

 2 In the other two sub-issues, appellants also argue that summary judgment on claims of negligent entrustment of watercraft and social host 

liability was not proper because appellants did not plead those causes of action against appellees.
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APP. P. 47.1 (stating court of appeals must address every issue necessary to final disposition of 

appeal).

Appellants’ Arguments

Appellants contend that they “pleaded negligence arising from ‘Entrusting the lakehouse 

for use of a party without having rules regarding drinking and operating watercrafts’” and argue 

that appellees did not seek summary judgment on this claim. Appellants “acknowledge the 

potential for ambiguity in their pleadings,” but claim that “any reasonable reading of their 

petition notifies [appellees] that negligence in entrusting their lakehouse is at issue.” Appellants 

argue that, “[c]onsidering both the lack of special exceptions and the requirement upon appellate 

review to resolve any doubts in favor of” appellants, appellants “pleaded—or attempted to 

plead—negligence by [appellees] in entrusting their lakehouse to” their daughter.

3

Appellees’ Arguments

Appellees contend that appellants’ “poorly pleaded petition was not clear as to the actual 

allegations” but that they did specifically address the claim that appellants now argue they made 

against them.

4

 They contend that there is no substantive difference between a claim for

negligently entrusting the lake house for a party and negligently entrusting the lake house for a 

party without having rules regarding drinking and operating watercrafts.

Appellees contend however that, even if this court were to conclude that negligently

entrusting the lake house for a party and negligently entrusting the lake house for a party without 

 3 Appellants cite to various cases concerning the impropriety of summary judgment when a pleading does not state a cause of action, the 

need for a party challenging whether a pleading states a cause of action to file special exceptions, and the liberal construction of a pleading in 

favor of the pleader in the absence of special exceptions. See Massey v. Armco Steel Co., 652 S.W.2d 932, 934 (Tex. 1983); Roark v. Allen, 633 

S.W.2d 804, 809 (Tex. 1982); Stone v. Lawyers Title Ins. Corp., 554 S.W.2d 183, 186 (Tex. 1977). Appellants argue that appellees did not 

specially except to the “lack of precision” in their negligence allegations or to the ambiguity from appellants’ reference to ‘“Defendants,’ across 

all causes of action.” But these cases do not apply here. Appellees do not argue that appellants’ petition was insufficient but rather that they 

negated the claims that appellants pleaded.

4 Appellees argue that appellants do not challenge the trial court’s grant of summary judgment on their gross negligence claim against 

appellants. We agree with appellees that appellants do not raise an argument concerning their gross negligence claim. See TEX. R. APP. P.

38.1(f).
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having rules regarding drinking and operating watercrafts are different claims, the elements of 

duty and causation are common to negligence claims and “are negated as a matter of law as to 

both theories for the same reasons.” See G&H Towing Co. v. Magee, 347 S.W.3d 293, 297–98

(Tex. 2011) (“Although a trial court errs in granting a summary judgment on a cause of action 

not expressly presented by written motion, we agree that the error is harmless when the omitted 

cause of action is precluded as a matter of law by other grounds raised in the case.”).

Analysis

As appellants acknowledged below and on appeal, their claim against appellees was that 

they negligently entrusted their lake house to their daughter and that they did so without having 

rules regarding drinking and operating watercrafts. The sole issue they present here is their 

argument that appellees did not address this claim in their motion for summary judgment. We 

disagree. In their motion for summary judgment, appellees argued, “as a matter of law, 

[appellees] cannot be negligent for failing to impose rules and restrictions applicable to the 

lakehouse because (a) they owed no duty to impose such rules on any adult guests at the 

lakehouse and (b) the lack of any rules did not proximately cause Jeffrey Powers’s injuries.” 

Appellants do not explain or cite authority supporting their position that this was not sufficient to 

address this claim. Consequently, we resolve appellants’ issue against them.
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CONCLUSION

Given our resolution of the issue above, it is unnecessary for us to address appellants’ 

remaining sub-issues. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1. We affirm the trial court’s dismissal of appellants’ 

claims on summary judgment.

130074F.P05

/Elizabeth Lang-Miers/

ELIZABETH LANG-MIERS

JUSTICE
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Court of Appeals

S

Fifth District of Texas at Dallas

JUDGMENT

JEFFREY POWERS AND LINSEY 

POWERS, Appellants

No. 05-13-00074-CV V.

ROBERT PARSONS AND BETTY 

PARSONS, Appellees

On Appeal from the 86th District Court, 

Kaufman County, Texas

Trial Court Cause No. 85206-86.

Opinion delivered by Justice Lang-Miers, 

Justices Francis and Lewis participating.

In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is 

AFFIRMED. It is ORDERED that appellees ROBERT PARSONS AND BETTY PARSONS 

recover their costs of this appeal from appellants JEFFREY POWERS AND LINSEY POWERS.

Judgment entered this 26th day of June, 2014.