Buildings Characteristics

Buildings Use Tables

(24 pages, 129 kb)

CONTENTS PAGES

Table 12. Employment Size Category, Number of Buildings, 1995

Table 13. Employment Size Category, Floorspace, 1995

Table 14. Weekly Operating Hours, Number of Buildings, 1995

Table 15. Weekly Operating Hours, Floorspace, 1995

Table 16. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned

 Buildings, Number of Buildings, 1995

Table 17. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned

 Buildings, Floorspace, 1995

These data are from the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), a

national probability sample survey of commercial buildings sponsored by the Energy Information

Administration, that provides information on the use of energy in commercial buildings in the

United States. The 1995 CBECS was the sixth survey in a series begun in 1979. The data

were collected from a sample of 6,639 buildings representing 4.6 million commercial buildings

and 58.8 billion square feet of commercial floorspace in the U.S. The 1995 data are available

for the four Census regions and nine Census division.

Data provided here are in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission.

appropriate credit would be appreciated. A suggested citation is “U.S. Department of Energy,

Energy Information Administration, “A Look at Commercial Buildings in 1995: Characteristics,

Energy Consumption, and Energy Expenditures.”

Electronic Products and Services

Users can view and download selected pages, sections, or entire reports, search for

information, download data and analysis applications, and find out about new information

products and services.

Contact: Martha Johnson, Survey Manager (martha.johnson@eia.doe.gov)

World Wide Web: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/consumption

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Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Surveys
Table 12. Employment Size Category, Number of Buildings, 1995

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All Buildings

Buildings by Number of Workers

RSE

Row

Factor

Fewer than 5

Workers

5 to 9

Workers

10 to 19

Workers

20 to 49

Workers

50 to 99

Workers

100 to 249

Workers

250 or More

Workers

0.6 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1

All Buildings .................................. 4,579 2,505 798 625 400 138 71 43 7.6

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 2,399 1,703 421 198 62 Q Q Q 11.3

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 1,035 508 222 222 79 Q Q Q 13.7

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 745 260 128 159 150 33 8 Q 14.2

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 213 22 16 32 71 44 24 Q 11.2

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 115 7 9 9 31 30 20 9 13.4

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 48 3 Q 3 5 13 12 11 15.0

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 19 Q Q Q 1 2 5 9 15.6

 Over 500,000 ................................ 6 Q Q Q Q Q 1 4 16.9

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 309 87 63 47 62 35 11 5 18.3

 Food Sales .................................... 137 109 Q Q Q Q Q Q 23.0

 Food Service ................................ 285 131 59 61 32 Q Q Q 21.1

 Health Care ................................... 105 Q Q Q 21 3 3 4 24.5

 Lodging ......................................... 158 98 17 12 19 8 3 2 22.8

 Mercantile and Service ................. 1,289 745 288 143 77 22 10 3 13.9

 Office ............................................ 705 193 168 162 103 33 28 18 14.0

 Public Assembly ........................... 326 193 46 66 13 4 3 Q 22.7

 Public Order and Safety ................ 87 Q Q Q 14 Q Q Q 42.1

 Religious Worship ......................... 269 204 28 14 Q Q Q Q 24.7

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 580 410 62 56 31 15 5 1 21.7

 Other ............................................. 67 Q Q Q Q Q 2 Q 43.5

 Vacant ........................................... 261 241 Q Q Q Q Q Q 20.1

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 353 217 64 41 16 8 5 1 26.5

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 562 336 119 40 46 15 4 3 19.7

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 867 475 176 118 72 15 7 4 15.5

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 718 390 111 100 69 26 16 7 15.7

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 813 390 176 144 51 30 12 9 13.1

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 846 430 104 134 110 34 18 17 14.7

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 218 123 31 29 21 5 7 2 24.3

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 202 144 Q 18 15 5 2 1 32.1

Floors

 One ............................................... 3,018 1,859 528 328 210 68 20 4 10.7

 Two ............................................... 1,002 432 152 238 114 38 17 Q 12.2

 Three ............................................ 399 176 102 49 38 18 12 5 17.7

 Four to Nine .................................. 148 37 15 10 37 14 20 15 19.7

 Ten or More .................................. 12 Q Q Q Q Q 2 8 20.4

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 725 363 100 145 76 19 16 7 15.4

 Midwest ......................................... 1,139 678 218 102 91 24 17 8 14.0

 South ............................................ 1,750 987 297 223 152 54 20 17 12.6

 West .............................................. 964 477 182 155 81 41 18 10 16.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Employment Size Category, Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All Buildings

Buildings by Number of Workers

RSE

Row

Factor

Fewer than 5

Workers

5 to 9

Workers

10 to 19

Workers

20 to 49

Workers

50 to 99

Workers

100 to 249

Workers

250 or More

Workers

0.6 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 899 729 69 64 17 Q Q Q 20.4

 40 to 48 ......................................... 1,257 598 278 193 134 36 14 5 13.4

 49 to 60 ......................................... 969 426 249 152 82 35 17 8 13.2

 61 to 84 ......................................... 567 249 97 105 75 20 15 7 15.6

 85 to 167 ....................................... 420 225 55 67 45 17 8 4 18.8

 Open Continuously ....................... 466 278 50 44 47 19 16 11 14.2

Ownership and Occupancy

 Nongovernment Owned ................ 4,025 2,317 692 509 324 96 53 34 8.6

 Owner Occupied ......................... 3,158 1,801 598 410 220 66 37 27 10.1

 Nonowner Occupied ................... 698 348 93 99 104 30 17 7 15.0

 Unoccupied ................................. 170 168 Q Q Q Q Q Q 25.0

 Government Owned ...................... 553 188 106 115 76 42 18 9 14.9

Space in Building Vacant for at

Least Three Consecutive Months

 Yes ................................................ 787 516 72 87 50 27 22 14 13.4

 No ................................................. 3,791 1,988 726 538 350 111 49 29 8.8

Number of Establishments

 One ............................................... 3,712 2,153 634 457 295 100 45 28 8.9

 2 to 5 ............................................. 530 150 158 137 58 17 7 4 16.7

 6 to 10 ........................................... 91 Q Q 31 37 9 6 3 24.2

 11 to 20 ......................................... 28 Q Q Q 6 10 7 3 17.6

 More than 20 ................................. 31 Q Q Q Q Q 6 6 23.2

 Currently Unoccupied ................... 187 183 Q Q Q Q Q Q 23.2

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 4,343 2,274 797 625 397 137 71 43 7.6

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,478 1,155 538 358 261 90 50 25 8.6

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 607 324 79 94 52 21 19 18 15.8

 District Heat .................................. 110 34 15 Q 16 17 8 9 25.3

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 Q Q Q 8 8 3 5 28.4

 Propane ........................................ 589 312 107 103 43 12 4 Q 21.6

 Other ............................................. 213 129 42 24 8 5 4 1 26.9

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 4,024 2,013 770 608 390 131 69 43 7.8

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 3,381 1,542 691 549 361 129 69 41 7.9

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 3,486 1,587 705 580 377 127 69 42 8.1

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 828 283 150 163 135 52 24 20 11.2

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 204 100 27 21 41 8 5 2 25.2

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 247 56 25 52 52 23 18 19 19.3

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 554 492 27 Q Q Q Q Q 19.2

 1 to 50 ........................................... 555 376 88 57 27 5 Q 1 21.2

 51 to 99 ......................................... 633 288 147 106 59 15 12 6 16.8

 100 ................................................ 2,836 1,349 535 445 304 112 56 36 8.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Employment Size Category, Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All Buildings

Buildings by Number of Workers

RSE

Row

Factor

Fewer than 5

Workers

5 to 9

Workers

10 to 19

Workers

20 to 49

Workers

50 to 99

Workers

100 to 249

Workers

250 or More

Workers

0.6 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled .................................... 1,198 962 107 76 39 9 Q Q 21.5

 1 to 50 ........................................... 930 454 199 146 84 31 13 4 14.9

 51 to 99 ......................................... 635 240 169 89 78 29 18 12 13.9

 100 ................................................ 1,816 849 323 314 198 69 38 25 10.4

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero .............................................. 36 36 Q Q Q Q Q Q 55.2

 1 to 50 ........................................... 666 513 110 26 12 4 Q Q 17.3

 51 to 99 ......................................... 745 370 178 89 66 25 12 6 17.2

 100 ................................................ 2,814 1,273 509 510 319 108 58 37 8.8

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 318 313 Q Q Q Q Q Q 21.4

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 394 150 72 78 64 14 12 5 18.9

 Furnaces ....................................... 1,676 914 346 239 128 29 10 Q 12.4

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 1,188 668 222 122 106 45 17 9 13.8

 District Heat .................................. 115 34 16 Q 18 18 8 9 24.7

 Boilers ........................................... 610 229 86 121 84 43 30 17 13.5

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 1,031 376 230 188 144 57 27 9 11.7

 Other ............................................. 161 75 19 30 14 8 6 9 24.3

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................... 878 454 160 149 74 22 10 Q 15.5

 Heat Pumps .................................. 457 187 81 82 71 17 14 5 18.3

 Individual Air Conditioners ............ 862 494 147 110 66 24 15 6 12.0

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 Q Q Q 8 8 3 5 28.4

 Central Chillers ............................. 109 Q Q 8 23 18 21 17 14.2

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ............................................. 1,431 457 332 297 202 84 39 20 9.6

 Swamp Coolers ............................ 186 95 25 37 19 4 4 2 32.7

 Other ............................................. 18 Q Q Q Q Q Q 2 30.5

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

 Incandescent ................................ 2,479 1,252 524 323 232 76 41 31 9.8

 Standard Fluorescent ................... 3,885 1,873 771 609 388 133 69 43 7.7

 Compact Fluorescent .................... 364 77 37 114 71 25 22 20 15.0

 High-Intensity Discharge ............... 393 115 57 83 76 28 21 14 13.9

 Halogen ........................................ 302 117 55 48 39 14 12 17 19.9

 Other ............................................. 30 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 72.6

Personal Computers and/or

Computer Terminals

 None ............................................. 2,039 1,668 217 96 36 19 Q Q 15.9

 1 to 4 ............................................. 1,408 755 367 196 72 8 Q Q 12.9

 5 to 9 ............................................. 437 47 150 139 85 11 5 Q 21.2

 10 to 19 ......................................... 344 Q 54 168 77 21 5 Q 19.2

 20 to 49 ......................................... 198 Q Q 24 103 36 11 3 15.9

 50 to 99 ......................................... 81 Q Q Q 23 31 19 4 16.9

 100 to 249 ..................................... 46 Q Q Q 4 9 21 8 14.2

 250 or More .................................. 26 Q Q Q Q Q 5 19 15.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Employment Size Category, Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All Buildings

Buildings by Number of Workers

RSE

Row

Factor

Fewer than 5

Workers

5 to 9

Workers

10 to 19

Workers

20 to 49

Workers

50 to 99

Workers

100 to 249

Workers

250 or More

Workers

0.6 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Specular Reflectors ...................... 749 328 112 124 103 38 26 18 12.4

 Energy-Efficient Ballasts ............... 1,363 508 274 241 191 68 46 34 11.3

 Natural Lighting Control

 Sensors ........................................ 237 91 46 46 30 10 8 5 21.0

 Occupancy Sensors ...................... 131 40 19 28 19 9 9 8 22.8

 Time Clock .................................... 467 153 78 96 71 33 20 16 17.0

 Manual Dimmer Switches ............. 501 219 83 77 62 26 18 16 15.4

 Other ............................................. 79 Q Q Q 9 8 5 3 25.2

Off-Hour Equipment

Reduction (more than one

may apply)

 Heating ......................................... 3,211 1,590 640 527 279 98 47 29 9.1

 Cooling .......................................... 2,707 1,219 570 480 265 98 48 28 9.3

 Lighting ......................................... 3,753 1,890 735 573 351 118 55 32 8.6

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of

abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Table 13. Employment Size Category, Floorspace, 1995

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Floorspace by Number of Workers

RSE

Row

Factor

Fewer than 5

Workers

5 to 9

Workers

10 to 19

Workers

20 to 49

Workers

50 to 99

Workers

100 to 249

Workers

250 or More

Workers

0.5 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0

All Buildings .................................. 58,772 13,885 6,291 7,102 9,132 6,931 5,988 9,443 6.2

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 6,338 4,184 1,202 695 225 Q Q Q 11.4

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 7,530 3,636 1,608 1,637 615 Q Q Q 13.8

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 11,617 3,806 2,090 2,399 2,513 567 155 Q 13.3

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 7,676 770 529 1,099 2,620 1,644 913 Q 11.3

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 7,968 518 567 557 2,087 2,108 1,472 658 13.2

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 6,776 415 Q 480 736 1,738 1,628 1,644 15.6

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 5,553 Q Q Q 204 587 1,394 2,858 16.8

 Over 500,000 ................................ 5,313 Q Q Q Q Q 409 4,096 18.3

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 7,740 432 660 760 2,132 1,753 1,344 661 15.5

 Food Sales .................................... 642 300 Q Q Q Q Q Q 20.0

 Food Service ................................ 1,353 370 290 420 208 Q Q Q 23.3

 Health Care ................................... 2,333 Q Q Q 311 132 253 1,326 20.1

 Lodging ......................................... 3,618 809 390 341 677 672 332 398 19.9

 Mercantile and Service ................. 12,728 3,197 1,936 1,595 1,774 1,318 1,046 1,862 13.3

 Office ............................................ 10,478 525 797 1,024 1,406 1,153 1,639 3,934 13.1

 Public Assembly ........................... 3,948 1,303 394 740 520 436 311 Q 19.9

 Public Order and Safety ................ 1,271 Q Q Q 311 Q Q Q 36.9

 Religious Worship ......................... 2,792 1,820 415 235 Q Q Q Q 19.1

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 8,481 2,740 964 1,413 1,298 994 613 459 17.9

 Other ............................................. 1,004 Q Q Q Q Q 174 Q 39.1

 Vacant ........................................... 2,384 2,038 Q Q Q Q Q Q 22.0

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 3,673 1,295 608 490 414 266 360 239 22.9

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 6,710 2,266 949 647 1,077 595 497 679 18.0

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 9,298 2,533 1,277 1,300 1,655 951 768 814 15.2

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 10,858 2,400 1,095 1,179 1,634 1,648 1,275 1,627 12.7

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 11,333 2,047 1,209 1,607 1,374 1,392 1,056 2,649 11.0

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 12,252 2,227 912 1,393 2,125 1,446 1,389 2,760 12.0

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 2,590 509 142 277 430 245 472 515 19.2

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 2,059 609 Q 209 423 388 172 160 22.1

Floors

 One ............................................... 24,552 8,500 3,429 3,466 4,080 2,643 1,572 863 9.5

 Two ............................................... 14,122 3,134 1,286 2,521 2,551 1,877 1,359 1,394 11.8

 Three ............................................ 7,335 1,450 1,109 783 1,314 1,072 873 735 15.3

 Four to Nine .................................. 8,789 624 452 328 1,142 1,221 1,907 3,115 14.8

 Ten or More .................................. 3,975 Q Q Q Q Q 278 3,336 18.0

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 11,883 2,430 1,057 1,317 1,807 1,264 1,429 2,577 14.8

 Midwest ......................................... 14,322 3,584 1,764 1,511 2,390 1,504 1,579 1,990 11.2

 South ............................................ 20,830 5,345 2,082 2,701 3,212 2,733 1,755 3,001 9.9

 West .............................................. 11,736 2,526 1,387 1,572 1,723 1,430 1,224 1,875 13.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Employment Size Category, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Floorspace by Number of Workers

RSE

Row

Factor

Fewer than 5

Workers

5 to 9

Workers

10 to 19

Workers

20 to 49

Workers

50 to 99

Workers

100 to 249

Workers

250 or More

Workers

0.5 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 6,134 4,539 357 513 360 Q Q Q 18.7

 40 to 48 ......................................... 13,233 3,185 2,255 2,221 2,504 1,530 879 659 12.5

 49 to 60 ......................................... 12,242 2,288 1,678 1,752 2,006 1,633 1,208 1,678 11.9

 61 to 84 ......................................... 10,052 1,241 903 1,163 1,736 1,174 1,462 2,373 14.2

 85 to 167 ....................................... 6,202 1,136 387 705 1,100 1,066 939 868 16.5

 Open Continuously ....................... 10,908 1,496 711 748 1,426 1,352 1,438 3,738 11.5

Ownership and Occupancy

 Nongovernment Owned ................ 46,696 12,588 5,466 5,932 6,735 4,604 4,208 7,164 7.1

 Owner Occupied ......................... 35,573 9,406 4,739 4,545 4,667 3,145 2,945 6,126 7.9

 Nonowner Occupied ................... 9,697 1,807 722 1,383 2,068 1,459 1,263 996 14.5

 Unoccupied ................................. 1,426 1,375 Q Q Q Q Q Q 30.9

 Government Owned ...................... 12,076 1,298 825 1,170 2,397 2,327 1,780 2,279 11.8

Space in Building Vacant for at

Least Three Consecutive Months

 Yes ................................................ 15,844 3,872 824 1,316 1,635 1,433 1,977 4,787 12.6

 No ................................................. 42,928 10,013 5,467 5,785 7,497 5,498 4,011 4,657 6.8

Number of Establishments

 One ............................................... 41,057 11,190 5,038 5,282 6,649 4,824 3,722 4,351 6.9

 2 to 5 ............................................. 7,325 1,022 1,157 1,354 1,389 962 591 850 15.6

 6 to 10 ........................................... 2,672 Q Q 456 812 453 458 435 22.4

 11 to 20 ......................................... 2,228 Q Q Q 214 544 652 735 18.1

 More than 20 ................................. 3,943 Q Q Q Q Q 565 3,030 16.7

 Currently Unoccupied ................... 1,548 1,473 Q Q Q Q Q Q 29.5

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 57,076 12,342 6,270 7,102 9,103 6,860 5,975 9,425 6.1

 Natural Gas ................................... 38,145 6,581 4,482 4,696 6,627 4,762 4,286 6,712 7.3

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 14,421 1,674 791 872 1,436 1,652 2,210 5,787 12.9

 District Heat .................................. 5,658 423 303 258 617 713 886 2,458 17.7

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 Q Q Q 250 366 356 1,172 20.0

 Propane ........................................ 5,344 1,510 702 877 780 654 435 387 20.8

 Other ............................................. 2,336 586 257 269 269 399 318 237 27.5

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 54,347 10,663 6,086 6,905 8,899 6,642 5,880 9,272 6.3

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 49,935 8,324 5,260 6,449 8,302 6,379 5,872 9,349 6.4

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 51,560 8,772 5,610 6,566 8,763 6,622 5,903 9,324 6.4

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 20,713 1,609 1,272 1,686 3,515 3,362 2,825 6,444 10.0

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 3,893 608 288 457 884 528 515 612 22.2

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 13,366 566 294 594 1,594 1,787 2,061 6,471 13.9

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 4,425 3,223 205 196 Q Q Q Q 22.2

 1 to 50 ........................................... 6,227 2,318 898 1,180 830 404 Q 405 19.5

 51 to 99 ......................................... 8,868 1,647 1,212 1,065 1,236 728 995 1,985 15.2

 100 ................................................ 39,252 6,697 3,976 4,660 6,833 5,510 4,694 6,882 6.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Employment Size Category, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Floorspace by Number of Workers

RSE

Row

Factor

Fewer than 5

Workers

5 to 9

Workers

10 to 19

Workers

20 to 49

Workers

50 to 99

Workers

100 to 249

Workers

250 or More

Workers

0.5 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled .................................... 8,837 5,562 1,031 652 830 552 Q Q 17.1

 1 to 50 ........................................... 15,027 3,149 2,136 2,596 2,727 1,752 1,672 994 12.4

 51 to 99 ......................................... 12,549 1,106 1,110 965 1,939 1,852 1,453 4,125 12.0

 100 ................................................ 22,359 4,069 2,014 2,889 3,636 2,775 2,746 4,230 8.5

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero .............................................. 189 183 Q Q Q Q Q Q 38.5

 1 to 50 ........................................... 6,008 3,461 1,093 698 414 229 Q Q 14.9

 51 to 99 ......................................... 9,692 1,718 1,443 1,058 1,669 1,260 1,130 1,413 13.8

 100 ................................................ 40,514 6,308 3,727 5,345 7,020 5,370 4,784 7,960 6.8

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 2,369 2,216 Q Q Q Q Q Q 23.6

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 5,843 807 381 831 1,108 689 969 1,058 14.9

 Furnaces ....................................... 14,923 4,496 2,397 2,557 2,280 1,504 778 911 11.9

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 16,809 3,629 2,072 1,666 2,463 2,209 1,583 3,186 12.0

 District Heat .................................. 5,911 427 319 285 673 784 902 2,520 17.9

 Boilers ........................................... 16,754 1,692 1,044 1,560 2,856 2,733 2,866 4,003 10.2

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 16,893 1,988 1,733 2,185 3,529 2,695 2,219 2,545 9.9

 Other ............................................. 6,249 513 368 463 505 646 626 3,128 21.0

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................... 9,238 2,076 1,123 1,488 1,575 917 707 1,351 12.8

 Heat Pumps .................................. 6,931 980 529 860 1,271 879 1,065 1,347 14.9

 Individual Air Conditioners ............ 12,494 2,628 1,109 1,580 1,988 1,643 1,535 2,011 11.4

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 Q Q Q 250 366 356 1,172 20.0

 Central Chillers ............................. 11,065 280 Q 298 1,075 1,505 2,054 5,684 14.2

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ............................................. 26,628 2,807 2,808 3,458 4,720 4,239 3,360 5,237 8.4

 Swamp Coolers ............................ 2,451 523 161 394 352 248 424 350 28.7

 Other ............................................. 949 Q Q Q Q Q Q 405 30.9

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

 Incandescent ................................ 35,715 7,242 3,969 3,552 5,524 4,203 3,880 7,345 7.4

 Standard Fluorescent ................... 53,984 10,102 6,041 6,990 8,910 6,624 5,909 9,409 6.2

 Compact Fluorescent .................... 14,273 688 424 1,286 1,997 1,740 2,017 6,121 12.3

 High-Intensity Discharge ............... 16,259 1,155 762 1,464 2,648 2,516 2,735 4,980 11.8

 Halogen ........................................ 9,665 784 438 489 1,319 1,389 1,244 4,001 14.7

 Other ............................................. 554 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 78.3

Personal Computers and/or

Computer Terminals

 None ............................................. 12,571 8,966 1,576 977 523 400 Q Q 15.5

 1 to 4 ............................................. 11,401 4,251 3,116 2,295 1,143 360 Q Q 12.5

 5 to 9 ............................................. 5,372 325 999 1,653 1,706 469 210 Q 18.2

 10 to 19 ......................................... 5,947 Q 375 1,644 2,101 1,149 466 Q 15.3

 20 to 49 ......................................... 7,048 Q Q 415 2,661 2,085 1,083 523 13.6

 50 to 99 ......................................... 4,938 Q Q Q 721 1,575 1,506 921 14.5

 100 to 249 ..................................... 5,189 Q Q Q 266 704 1,964 2,189 15.0

 250 or More .................................. 6,307 Q Q Q Q Q 598 5,458 13.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Employment Size Category, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Floorspace by Number of Workers

RSE

Row

Factor

Fewer than 5

Workers

5 to 9

Workers

10 to 19

Workers

20 to 49

Workers

50 to 99

Workers

100 to 249

Workers

250 or More

Workers

0.5 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Specular Reflectors ...................... 17,868 1,958 940 1,870 2,563 2,559 2,469 5,509 10.2

 Energy-Efficient Ballasts ............... 28,375 2,759 2,360 2,810 4,564 3,898 4,172 7,812 8.1

 Natural Lighting Control

 Sensors ........................................ 6,431 683 441 583 768 791 778 2,388 17.3

 Occupancy Sensors ...................... 5,958 429 273 366 600 816 826 2,647 20.4

 Time Clock .................................... 13,262 1,075 644 1,015 1,679 1,978 1,820 5,053 12.1

 Manual Dimmer Switches ............. 13,056 1,699 830 890 1,708 1,621 1,688 4,620 11.9

 Other ............................................. 2,836 Q Q Q 441 453 568 975 19.9

Off-Hour Equipment

Reduction (more than one

may apply)

 Heating ......................................... 38,326 8,134 4,759 5,562 6,343 4,582 3,893 5,054 7.5

 Cooling .......................................... 35,605 6,484 4,270 5,250 6,013 4,316 3,971 5,301 7.7

 Lighting ......................................... 44,937 9,874 5,472 6,277 7,631 5,493 4,499 5,690 7.1

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of

abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Table 14. Weekly Operating Hours, Number of Buildings, 1995

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

(thousand)

Buildings by Weekly Operating Hours

RSE

Row

Factor

39 or Fewer

Hours

40 to 48

Hours

49 to 60

Hours

61 to 84

Hours

85 to 167

Hours

Open

Continuously

0.5 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.1

All Buildings .................................. 4,579 899 1,257 969 567 420 466 7.3

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 2,399 565 665 475 241 240 212 10.2

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 1,035 219 282 232 139 67 95 15.8

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 745 90 214 164 121 67 88 15.0

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 213 16 55 59 32 20 30 10.4

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 115 6 26 27 19 14 21 11.7

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 48 Q 10 8 9 9 10 13.2

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 19 Q 23427 15.2

 Over 500,000 ................................ 6 Q Q 1 2 * 3 17.8

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 309 51 127 72 42 11 Q 17.4

 Food Sales .................................... 137 Q Q Q Q 76 Q 20.8

 Food Service ................................ 285 Q Q Q 101 113 Q 17.8

 Health Care ................................... 105 Q 42 20 Q Q 25 32.7

 Lodging ......................................... 158 Q Q Q Q Q 138 16.9

 Mercantile and Service ................. 1,289 118 343 443 219 109 58 15.1

 Office ............................................ 705 64 404 165 32 7 34 18.3

 Public Assembly ........................... 326 124 35 53 53 51 Q 25.3

 Public Order and Safety ................ 87 Q 5 Q Q Q 33 30.6

 Religious Worship ......................... 269 157 36 30 12 Q Q 24.6

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 580 128 177 134 32 37 71 22.6

 Other ............................................. 67 Q Q 14 Q Q Q 51.5

 Vacant ........................................... 261 199 33 QQQQ 23.6

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 353 82 110 75 40 15 31 26.6

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 562 125 184 100 65 49 39 20.1

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 867 194 256 185 126 42 65 16.4

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 718 147 165 149 115 63 79 16.0

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 813 109 194 214 99 116 81 15.2

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 846 155 239 173 74 85 119 15.1

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 218 Q 63 42 24 31 17 30.8

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 202 Q 46 32 24 19 36 34.6

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 725 108 172 188 92 81 83 19.3

 Midwest ......................................... 1,139 256 334 197 148 98 106 15.8

 South ............................................ 1,750 361 484 401 170 160 172 10.7

 West .............................................. 964 174 266 183 157 81 105 17.1

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 2,505 729 598 426 249 225 278 10.5

 5 to 9 ............................................. 798 69 278 249 97 55 50 16.9

 10 to 19 ......................................... 625 64 193 152 105 67 44 18.6

 20 to 49 ......................................... 400 17 134 82 75 45 47 17.9

 50 to 99 ......................................... 138 Q 36 35 20 17 19 15.0

 100 to 249 ..................................... 71 Q 14 17 15 8 16 14.7

 250 or More .................................. 43 Q 5 8 7 4 11 16.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Weekly Operating Hours, Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

(thousand)

Buildings by Weekly Operating Hours

RSE

Row

Factor

39 or Fewer

Hours

40 to 48

Hours

49 to 60

Hours

61 to 84

Hours

85 to 167

Hours

Open

Continuously

0.5 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.1

Ownership and Occupancy

 Nongovernment Owned ................ 4,025 784 1,051 888 515 397 390 7.7

 Owner Occupied ......................... 3,158 576 844 713 382 298 345 8.8

 Nonowner Occupied ................... 698 54 205 175 128 99 38 19.3

 Unoccupied ................................. 170 154 QQQQQ 21.6

 Government Owned ...................... 553 116 205 81 52 23 76 17.7

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 4,343 746 1,254 950 566 407 421 7.2

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,478 343 718 596 365 216 239 9.3

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 607 116 162 138 68 44 80 21.2

 District Heat .................................. 110 Q 23 23 12 11 32 32.0

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 Q Q 11 8 7 Q 40.2

 Propane ........................................ 589 121 157 89 73 75 73 21.6

 Other ............................................. 213 Q 47 78 19 21 16 34.7

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 4,024 620 1,207 907 541 366 385 7.4

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 3,381 399 1,047 795 446 344 350 7.7

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 3,486 466 1,035 742 494 375 375 8.0

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 828 92 144 104 180 212 96 13.0

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 204 Q 97 49 21 9 8 31.4

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 247 Q 60 31 29 14 84 22.6

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 554 280 50 63 26 54 81 24.2

 1 to 50 ........................................... 555 127 193 151 43 22 20 22.0

 51 to 99 ......................................... 633 50 171 167 110 64 71 19.1

 100 ................................................ 2,836 444 843 588 388 279 294 8.7

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled .................................... 1,198 501 210 175 121 76 116 18.0

 1 to 50 ........................................... 930 128 300 292 106 43 60 16.4

 51 to 99 ......................................... 635 61 142 186 86 79 80 16.6

 100 ................................................ 1,816 209 604 316 254 222 210 10.2

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero .............................................. 36 QQQQQQ 72.3

 1 to 50 ........................................... 666 122 203 143 101 20 77 17.6

 51 to 99 ......................................... 745 100 258 167 94 68 58 17.4

 100 ................................................ 2,814 439 779 635 364 312 285 9.3

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 318 236 Q Q Q Q 45 21.0

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 394 42 162 78 44 24 44 22.0

 Furnaces ....................................... 1,676 283 488 360 267 165 113 12.4

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 1,188 235 349 303 135 70 96 14.5

 District Heat .................................. 115 Q 24 23 13 12 33 30.6

 Boilers ........................................... 610 74 167 145 71 39 113 17.9

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 1,031 109 324 230 139 122 107 13.0

 Other ............................................. 161 Q 50 48 24 12 11 32.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Weekly Operating Hours, Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

(thousand)

Buildings by Weekly Operating Hours

RSE

Row

Factor

39 or Fewer

Hours

40 to 48

Hours

49 to 60

Hours

61 to 84

Hours

85 to 167

Hours

Open

Continuously

0.5 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.1

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................... 878 109 281 178 127 99 83 14.8

 Heat Pumps .................................. 457 55 180 87 51 25 59 20.4

 Individual Air Conditioners ............ 862 111 224 238 102 72 115 15.5

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 Q Q 11 8 7 Q 40.2

 Central Chillers ............................. 109 Q 22 19 18 10 30 15.0

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ............................................. 1,431 127 443 331 181 196 152 11.4

 Swamp Coolers ............................ 186 Q 43 47 48 Q 14 35.0

 Other ............................................. 18 Q Q 9 Q Q 2 37.6

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

 Incandescent ................................ 2,479 424 699 523 333 214 287 9.0

 Standard Fluorescent ................... 3,885 506 1,188 890 533 392 376 7.6

 Compact Fluorescent .................... 364 10 72 84 71 63 64 20.5

 High-Intensity Discharge ............... 393 27 121 91 62 39 52 19.4

 Halogen ........................................ 302 25 78 61 45 39 54 24.4

 Other ............................................. 30 QQQQQQ 78.0

Off-Hour Equipment

Reduction (more than one

may apply)

 Heating ......................................... 3,211 517 1,093 824 474 303 -- 7.8

 Cooling .......................................... 2,707 345 954 725 396 286 -- 8.1

 Lighting ......................................... 3,753 654 1,229 924 555 391 -- 7.6

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

-- = Data not applicable.

* = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for

explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Table 15. Weekly Operating Hours, Floorspace, 1995

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Floorspace by Weekly Operating Hours

RSE

Row

Factor

39 or Fewer

Hours

40 to 48

Hours

49 to 60

Hours

61 to 84

Hours

85 to 167

Hours

Open

Continuously

0.5 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.9

All Buildings .................................. 58,772 6,134 13,233 12,242 10,052 6,202 10,908 6.1

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 6,338 1,544 1,701 1,264 653 618 559 10.5

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 7,530 1,619 2,033 1,707 1,020 503 647 15.8

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 11,617 1,354 3,382 2,562 1,873 1,024 1,422 14.2

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 7,676 576 1,981 2,103 1,182 749 1,085 10.7

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 7,968 426 1,776 1,897 1,354 988 1,527 11.5

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 6,776 Q 1,439 1,181 1,325 1,183 1,453 13.8

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 5,553 Q 705 905 1,011 743 2,035 15.7

 Over 500,000 ................................ 5,313 Q Q 623 1,634 393 2,182 18.8

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 7,740 589 2,337 1,862 1,678 994 280 13.8

 Food Sales .................................... 642 Q Q Q Q 370 Q 18.4

 Food Service ................................ 1,353 Q Q Q 491 509 Q 21.4

 Health Care ................................... 2,333 Q 266 198 Q Q 1,731 17.7

 Lodging ......................................... 3,618 Q Q Q Q Q 3,339 13.7

 Mercantile and Service ................. 12,728 361 2,102 3,404 4,092 1,848 922 14.5

 Office ............................................ 10,478 226 3,536 3,309 1,481 423 1,502 12.5

 Public Assembly ........................... 3,948 693 441 453 790 1,113 457 19.2

 Public Order and Safety ................ 1,271 Q 156 Q Q Q 643 26.1

 Religious Worship ......................... 2,792 1,249 589 467 223 Q Q 20.5

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 8,481 782 3,242 1,930 671 596 1,260 16.5

 Other ............................................. 1,004 Q Q 250 Q Q 229 36.2

 Vacant ........................................... 2,384 1,805 266 Q Q Q Q 21.7

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 3,673 711 864 843 445 360 449 21.7

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 6,710 979 2,300 1,093 824 486 1,028 18.3

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 9,298 1,271 2,730 2,034 1,327 719 1,217 13.9

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 10,858 1,000 1,859 2,196 2,273 1,170 2,360 12.7

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 11,333 798 2,047 2,393 2,271 1,628 2,197 11.5

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 12,252 978 2,484 2,693 2,218 1,272 2,607 11.4

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 2,590 Q 512 663 339 311 546 18.6

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 2,059 Q 439 326 356 256 504 21.0

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 11,883 1,119 2,168 2,482 2,111 1,411 2,592 14.1

 Midwest ......................................... 14,322 1,601 3,520 2,378 2,626 1,633 2,564 10.9

 South ............................................ 20,830 2,311 4,912 4,786 3,276 1,804 3,740 9.0

 West .............................................. 11,736 1,103 2,633 2,596 2,040 1,353 2,012 13.1

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 13,885 4,539 3,185 2,288 1,241 1,136 1,496 12.3

 5 to 9 ............................................. 6,291 357 2,255 1,678 903 387 711 16.0

 10 to 19 ......................................... 7,102 513 2,221 1,752 1,163 705 748 15.2

 20 to 49 ......................................... 9,132 360 2,504 2,006 1,736 1,100 1,426 13.3

 50 to 99 ......................................... 6,931 Q 1,530 1,633 1,174 1,066 1,352 12.5

 100 to 249 ..................................... 5,988 Q 879 1,208 1,462 939 1,438 13.6

 250 or More .................................. 9,443 Q 659 1,678 2,373 868 3,738 14.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Weekly Operating Hours, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Floorspace by Weekly Operating Hours

RSE

Row

Factor

39 or Fewer

Hours

40 to 48

Hours

49 to 60

Hours

61 to 84

Hours

85 to 167

Hours

Open

Continuously

0.5 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.9

Ownership and Occupancy

 Nongovernment Owned ................ 46,696 5,051 10,034 10,106 8,116 4,925 8,465 6.5

 Owner Occupied ......................... 35,573 3,373 7,677 7,388 6,087 3,508 7,539 7.2

 Nonowner Occupied ................... 9,697 359 2,331 2,695 2,019 1,416 877 13.8

 Unoccupied ................................. 1,426 1,319 Q Q Q Q Q 26.7

 Government Owned ...................... 12,076 1,084 3,199 2,136 1,937 1,277 2,443 11.6

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 57,076 4,932 13,142 12,134 10,021 6,159 10,688 6.0

 Natural Gas ................................... 38,145 2,657 8,541 8,002 7,048 3,966 7,931 7.4

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 14,421 710 1,953 2,790 2,785 1,502 4,682 11.8

 District Heat .................................. 5,658 Q 762 970 628 840 2,320 17.5

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 Q 350 409 381 395 919 22.6

 Propane ........................................ 5,344 644 1,279 931 944 627 919 18.9

 Other ............................................. 2,336 Q 552 724 226 322 327 23.0

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 54,347 4,032 12,672 11,658 9,635 5,880 10,469 6.3

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 49,935 2,845 11,401 10,897 9,212 5,644 9,936 6.5

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 51,560 3,290 11,585 10,765 9,535 5,928 10,457 6.5

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 20,713 872 2,806 3,379 5,017 3,064 5,575 8.7

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 3,893 Q 1,237 922 592 301 671 19.8

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 13,366 271 1,578 2,041 2,764 1,374 5,338 12.8

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 4,425 2,102 561 584 417 322 439 24.6

 1 to 50 ........................................... 6,227 683 2,452 1,454 692 389 558 18.6

 51 to 99 ......................................... 8,868 351 1,714 2,163 1,822 888 1,931 15.3

 100 ................................................ 39,252 2,999 8,506 8,041 7,122 4,604 7,980 6.8

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled .................................... 8,837 3,289 1,832 1,345 840 558 973 15.8

 1 to 50 ........................................... 15,027 990 4,714 3,925 2,143 1,298 1,958 12.3

 51 to 99 ......................................... 12,549 421 1,931 2,775 2,812 1,363 3,246 12.1

 100 ................................................ 22,359 1,434 4,756 4,197 4,258 2,983 4,732 8.6

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero .............................................. 189 Q Q Q Q Q Q 52.6

 1 to 50 ........................................... 6,008 890 1,827 1,523 752 332 684 16.5

 51 to 99 ......................................... 9,692 642 2,734 1,934 1,733 1,068 1,580 13.0

 100 ................................................ 40,514 2,692 8,507 8,654 7,507 4,730 8,424 7.2

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 2,369 1,875 Q Q Q Q 220 22.4

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 5,843 201 1,568 1,121 1,161 322 1,470 14.3

 Furnaces ....................................... 14,923 1,776 3,844 3,381 2,359 1,409 2,155 10.9

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 16,809 1,357 4,025 3,622 2,975 1,522 3,307 11.2

 District Heat .................................. 5,911 Q 792 996 676 908 2,399 17.5

 Boilers ........................................... 16,754 919 3,304 3,566 3,078 1,757 4,130 9.5

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 16,893 682 3,815 3,369 3,280 2,386 3,360 9.1

 Other ............................................. 6,249 Q 762 1,342 1,536 684 1,765 18.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Weekly Operating Hours, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Floorspace by Weekly Operating Hours

RSE

Row

Factor

39 or Fewer

Hours

40 to 48

Hours

49 to 60

Hours

61 to 84

Hours

85 to 167

Hours

Open

Continuously

0.5 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.9

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................... 9,238 761 2,294 1,916 1,460 819 1,988 12.2

 Heat Pumps .................................. 6,931 270 1,782 1,392 1,291 442 1,754 13.8

 Individual Air Conditioners ............ 12,494 683 2,578 2,781 1,868 1,157 3,427 11.7

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 Q 350 409 381 395 919 22.6

 Central Chillers ............................. 11,065 276 1,349 1,969 2,399 1,199 3,873 12.9

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ............................................. 26,628 1,000 5,760 5,679 5,127 3,644 5,418 8.4

 Swamp Coolers ............................ 2,451 Q 501 488 374 259 655 27.6

 Other ............................................. 949 Q Q 299 Q Q 285 34.0

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

 Incandescent ................................ 35,715 2,795 7,377 7,053 6,664 3,776 8,049 7.2

 Standard Fluorescent ................... 53,984 3,358 12,651 11,712 9,851 6,081 10,332 6.3

 Compact Fluorescent .................... 14,273 171 1,650 2,764 3,516 1,709 4,464 12.3

 High-Intensity Discharge ............... 16,259 432 2,961 3,000 3,521 2,052 4,293 11.2

 Halogen ........................................ 9,665 280 1,216 1,597 2,546 1,200 2,827 14.7

 Other ............................................. 554 Q Q Q Q Q Q 75.4

Off-Hour Equipment

Reduction (more than one

may apply)

 Heating ......................................... 38,326 3,340 11,083 10,592 8,293 5,017 -- 6.9

 Cooling .......................................... 35,605 2,448 10,156 10,068 8,063 4,871 -- 7.0

 Lighting ......................................... 44,937 4,123 12,953 11,939 9,951 5,970 -- 6.3

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

-- = Data not applicable.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for

explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey.
Table 16. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned Buildings,

 Number of Buildings, 1995

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

RSE

Row

Factor

All

NongovernmentOwned

Buildings

Owner

Occupied

Nonowner

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned

Buildings Federal State Local

0.5 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.7 0.9 2.2 1.7 1.2

All Buildings ............................... 4,579 4,025 3,158 698 170 553 76 99 379 9.2

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................ 2,399 2,176 1,746 325 105 223 Q Q 152 12.2

 5,001 to 10,000 .......................... 1,035 909 704 163 Q 125 Q 22 81 17.6

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................ 745 646 503 126 Q 98 7 19 72 15.2

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................ 213 158 109 47 Q 55 Q 11 40 12.0

 50,001 to 100,000 ...................... 115 83 58 24 Q 32 3 7 22 12.0

 100,001 to 200,000 .................... 48 35 24 10 Q 13 2 4 7 13.7

 200,001 to 500,000 .................... 19 13 10 3 Q 6 1 2 3 16.3

 Over 500,000 ............................. 6 4 4 * Q 1 1 * Q 21.7

Principal Building Activity

 Education ................................... 309 127 119 Q -- 182 Q 43 135 20.2

 Food Sales ................................. 137 137 113 Q -- Q Q Q Q 28.4

 Food Service ............................. 285 279 231 48 -- Q Q Q Q 23.9

 Health Care ................................ 105 86 61 Q -- 19 1 Q Q 36.3

 Lodging ...................................... 158 153 129 24 -- 6 Q 4 Q 23.6

 Mercantile and Service .............. 1,289 1,234 942 292 -- 55 Q Q 42 18.5

 Office ......................................... 705 650 541 109 -- 55 9 7 39 17.5

 Public Assembly ........................ 326 247 220 27 -- 79 Q 6 66 25.2

 Public Order and Safety ............. 87 Q Q Q -- 60 Q 4 50 35.4

 Religious Worship ...................... 269 269 267 Q -- Q Q Q Q 24.0

 Warehouse and Storage ............ 580 533 414 119 -- 47 Q Q 30 25.9

 Other .......................................... 67 49 47 Q -- 18 Q Q Q 56.7

 Vacant ........................................ 261 234 51 14 170 27 Q Q Q 27.9

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before ........................... 353 321 257 56 Q 32 Q Q 11 30.7

 1920 to 1945 .............................. 562 474 374 43 56 88 22 Q 48 21.8

 1946 to 1959 .............................. 867 729 564 125 40 138 Q 32 97 18.1

 1960 to 1969 .............................. 718 625 486 118 Q 94 8 18 68 16.7

 1970 to 1979 .............................. 813 716 555 138 23 96 Q 18 70 17.2

 1980 to 1989 .............................. 846 775 600 160 Q 71 4 9 58 16.5

 1990 to 1992 .............................. 218 200 164 29 Q 18 Q Q 16 32.0

 1993 to 1995 .............................. 202 186 157 29 Q 16 Q Q 10 37.9

Floors

 One ............................................ 3,018 2,655 2,036 491 128 363 57 55 250 11.7

 Two ............................................ 1,002 888 729 135 24 114 Q 23 81 16.7

 Three ......................................... 399 353 289 51 Q 46 5 10 31 19.7

 Four to Nine ............................... 148 119 96 19 Q 29 3 10 16 22.4

 Ten or More ............................... 12 11 8 2 Q 1 Q 1 Q 24.0

Census Region

 Northeast ................................... 725 629 542 79 Q 97 Q 12 68 18.8

 Midwest ...................................... 1,139 1,043 843 146 54 97 19 13 65 19.3

 South ......................................... 1,750 1,556 1,224 260 72 193 21 42 131 14.2

 West ........................................... 964 798 548 213 36 166 19 33 115 18.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned Buildings,

 Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

RSE

Row

Factor

All

NongovernmentOwned

Buildings

Owner

Occupied

Nonowner

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned

Buildings Federal State Local

0.5 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.7 0.9 2.2 1.7 1.2

Climate Zone: 45-Year

Average

 Fewer than 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ............. 493 455 393 60 Q 39 Q Q 29 35.4

 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................ 975 859 691 131 37 116 Q 10 95 16.4

 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................ 1,070 943 774 130 38 127 Q 27 71 27.1

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ........... 1,103 952 694 212 46 151 16 29 106 19.1

 More than 2,000 CDD and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ........... 937 817 605 165 46 121 Q 28 77 20.9

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 .............................. 2,505 2,317 1,801 348 168 188 Q 37 118 13.4

 5 to 9 .......................................... 798 692 598 93 Q 106 Q 15 76 19.1

 10 to 19 ...................................... 625 509 410 99 Q 115 Q 14 93 20.8

 20 to 49 ...................................... 400 324 220 104 Q 76 9 16 51 16.4

 50 to 99 ...................................... 138 96 66 30 Q 42 Q 7 29 16.5

 100 to 249 .................................. 71 53 37 17 Q 18 3 7 8 15.7

 250 or More ............................... 43 34 27 7 Q 9 2 3 4 22.6

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................ 899 784 576 54 154 116 Q Q 95 20.2

 40 to 48 ...................................... 1,257 1,051 844 205 Q 205 22 32 152 14.3

 49 to 60 ...................................... 969 888 713 175 Q 81 11 12 58 17.8

 61 to 84 ...................................... 567 515 382 128 Q 52 Q 14 34 21.0

 85 to 167 .................................... 420 397 298 99 Q 23 Q 5 17 21.1

 Open Continuously .................... 466 390 345 38 Q 76 31 22 23 21.2

Space in Building Vacant for at

Least Three Consecutive

Months

 Yes ............................................. 787 712 349 206 157 75 Q 14 43 17.8

 No .............................................. 3,791 3,313 2,808 492 Q 478 57 85 336 9.9

Number of Establishments

 One ............................................ 3,712 3,205 2,738 467 -- 506 63 89 354 9.6

 2 to 5 .......................................... 530 507 364 143 -- 24 3 2 19 21.9

 6 to 10 ........................................ 91 86 33 53 -- Q Q Q Q 30.0

 11 to 20 ...................................... 28 28 11 17 -- Q Q Q Q 17.8

 More than 20 .............................. 31 31 12 18 -- Q Q Q Q 46.9

 Currently Unoccupied ................ 187 170 -- -- 170 Q Q Q Q 22.6

Multibuilding Facility

 Part of Multibuilding Facility ....... 1,480 1,090 842 201 47 390 63 93 234 13.4

 Not on Multibuilding Facility ....... 3,099 2,936 2,316 498 122 163 12 7 145 11.4

Predominant Exterior Wall

Material

 Masonry ..................................... 3,061 2,671 2,052 519 99 390 49 75 267 11.2

 Siding or Shingles ...................... 639 571 489 56 Q 68 Q Q 49 25.8

 Metal Panels .............................. 662 591 487 81 Q 71 Q Q 55 20.6

 Concrete Panels ........................ 106 92 48 32 Q 14 Q 4 6 28.7

 Window Glass ............................ 46 43 36 7 Q 3 Q Q Q 49.5

 Other .......................................... 50 43 34 Q Q Q Q Q Q 64.5

 No One Major Type ................... 15 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 99.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned Buildings,

 Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

RSE

Row

Factor

All

NongovernmentOwned

Buildings

Owner

Occupied

Nonowner

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned

Buildings Federal State Local

0.5 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.7 0.9 2.2 1.7 1.2

Predominant Roof Material

 Built-Up ...................................... 1,369 1,177 838 273 66 192 26 46 120 13.9

 Shingles (Not Wood) .................. 1,486 1,381 1,188 170 Q 106 Q Q 62 15.1

 Metal Surfacing .......................... 908 821 667 106 48 87 Q Q 68 17.7

 Synthetic or Rubber ................... 351 274 221 51 Q 77 3 12 62 20.9

 Slate or Tile ................................ 202 158 116 41 Q 44 Q Q 22 34.2

 Wooden Materials ...................... 152 129 92 Q Q Q Q Q Q 44.4

 Concrete .................................... 58 42 18 Q Q Q Q Q Q 59.9

 Other .......................................... 36 27 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 85.1

 No One Major Type ................... Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 100.0

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ................................... 4,343 3,810 3,062 669 79 533 66 92 376 9.3

 Natural Gas ................................ 2,478 2,190 1,750 413 Q 288 21 43 224 10.9

 Fuel Oil ...................................... 607 509 453 54 Q 98 Q 19 54 24.3

 District Heat ............................... 110 50 44 Q Q 60 Q 23 Q 30.9

 District Chilled Water ................. 53 19 14 Q Q 34 Q 13 Q 43.7

 Propane ..................................... 589 510 434 75 Q 79 Q Q 66 24.6

 Other .......................................... 213 186 161 26 Q 26 Q Q 15 36.0

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating .... 4,024 3,527 2,867 623 37 498 69 89 340 9.8

 Buildings with Cooling ................ 3,381 2,993 2,402 569 Q 388 67 74 247 9.3

 Buildings with Water Heating ..... 3,486 3,054 2,452 572 30 432 53 80 298 10.5

 Buildings with Cooking ............... 828 737 592 139 Q 91 4 14 73 13.2

 Buildings with Manufacturing ..... 204 188 149 32 Q Q Q Q Q 35.2

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................ 247 167 149 18 Q 79 Q 16 47 27.9

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated ................................. 554 498 291 75 132 56 Q Q 38 22.7

 1 to 50 ........................................ 555 528 397 122 Q 27 Q Q 14 25.7

 51 to 99 ...................................... 633 553 452 101 Q 80 Q 13 62 21.2

 100 ............................................. 2,836 2,446 2,018 400 Q 391 57 68 265 9.8

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled ................................. 1,198 1,033 755 129 148 165 Q 25 132 18.6

 1 to 50 ........................................ 930 806 606 192 Q 124 33 21 70 16.0

 51 to 99 ...................................... 635 556 474 81 Q 80 Q 17 52 20.4

 100 ............................................. 1,816 1,631 1,322 295 Q 185 24 36 125 12.0

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero ........................................... 36 36 28 Q Q Q Q Q Q 78.0

 1 to 50 ........................................ 666 608 523 85 Q 58 Q Q 43 21.1

 51 to 99 ...................................... 745 650 517 133 Q 95 Q 16 69 23.3

 100 ............................................. 2,814 2,435 1,970 451 Q 379 45 70 263 10.5

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used .................. 318 296 120 30 146 Q Q Q Q 28.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned Buildings,

 Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

RSE

Row

Factor

All

NongovernmentOwned

Buildings

Owner

Occupied

Nonowner

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned

Buildings Federal State Local

0.5 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.7 0.9 2.2 1.7 1.2

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps ............................... 394 341 288 53 Q 53 Q Q 28 23.0

 Furnaces .................................... 1,676 1,555 1,280 260 Q 121 Q Q 100 13.4

 Individual Space Heaters ........... 1,188 1,052 889 149 Q 136 19 16 101 17.4

 District Heat ............................... 115 53 45 7 Q 62 19 23 Q 30.8

 Boilers ........................................ 610 452 402 48 Q 158 Q 29 111 19.2

 Packaged Heating Units ............ 1,031 910 672 224 Q 121 4 22 96 15.1

 Other .......................................... 161 144 125 19 Q 17 Q 4 13 38.3

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................ 878 820 680 139 Q 58 Q Q 42 17.5

 Heat Pumps ............................... 457 399 333 67 Q 58 Q Q 33 22.0

 Individual Air Conditioners ......... 862 732 606 125 Q 129 Q 29 82 16.6

 District Chilled Water ................. 53 19 14 Q Q 34 Q 13 Q 43.7

 Central Chillers .......................... 109 72 61 11 Q 37 5 11 21 16.4

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units .......................................... 1,431 1,273 972 281 Q 159 22 22 115 13.4

 Swamp Coolers ......................... 186 174 114 60 Q 11 Q Q 9 39.5

 Other .......................................... 18 14 10 4 Q 4 Q Q Q 40.4

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

 Incandescent ............................. 2,479 2,210 1,857 340 Q 269 36 48 186 11.8

 Standard Fluorescent ................ 3,885 3,391 2,753 630 Q 494 65 84 344 8.9

 Compact Fluorescent ................. 364 309 256 53 Q 55 7 17 31 19.4

 High-Intensity Discharge ............ 393 318 275 42 Q 75 8 13 54 19.1

 Halogen ..................................... 302 272 214 59 Q 30 2 2 26 23.5

 Other .......................................... 30 22 21 Q Q Q Q Q Q 88.1

Personal Computers and/or

Computer Terminals

 None .......................................... 2,039 1,872 1,431 273 168 167 Q 20 125 13.9

 1 to 4 .......................................... 1,408 1,268 1,045 222 Q 140 Q 34 80 15.5

 5 to 9 .......................................... 437 377 291 85 Q 61 Q 4 54 22.0

 10 to 19 ...................................... 344 278 234 45 Q 65 Q 11 40 24.2

 20 to 49 ...................................... 198 133 92 41 Q 65 4 13 48 20.6

 50 to 99 ...................................... 81 53 32 21 Q 28 Q 7 18 18.7

 100 to 249 .................................. 46 25 18 7 Q 21 2 8 11 17.5

 250 or More ............................... 26 19 15 5 Q 7 2 2 3 19.5

Energy-Related Space

Functions (more than one may

apply)

 Commercial Food Preparation ... 828 737 592 139 Q 91 4 14 73 13.2

 Computer Room ........................ 234 180 136 44 Q 54 13 7 35 21.3

 Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water .............. 243 227 199 28 Q 17 Q 5 10 22.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned Buildings,

 Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

RSE

Row

Factor

All

NongovernmentOwned

Buildings

Owner

Occupied

Nonowner

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned

Buildings Federal State Local

0.5 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.7 0.9 2.2 1.7 1.2

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

 Roof or Ceiling Insulation ........... 3,380 2,975 2,434 494 47 406 59 65 281 10.4

 Wall Insulation ........................... 2,372 2,123 1,785 304 34 249 31 36 182 12.2

 Storm or Multiple Glazing .......... 1,897 1,703 1,466 212 25 194 44 22 128 13.9

 Tinted, Reflective or

 Shading Glass .......................... 1,202 1,070 856 208 6 132 19 26 87 14.5

 Exterior or Interior

 Shading or Awnings .................. 2,271 1,976 1,563 395 19 295 53 61 181 12.1

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Variable Air-Volume System ...... 327 247 209 38 Q 80 Q 14 50 20.4

 Economizer Cycle ...................... 461 379 319 53 Q 82 16 17 49 17.8

 HVAC Maintenance ................... 2,403 2,016 1,630 379 Q 386 49 72 265 10.7

 Other Energy Efficient

 Equipment ................................. 198 134 115 19 Q 64 Q 5 53 28.2

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Specular Reflectors ................... 749 634 509 125 Q 115 21 12 82 18.4

 Energy-Efficient Ballasts ............ 1,363 1,110 948 162 Q 253 41 57 155 13.7

 Natural Lighting Control

 Sensors ..................................... 237 202 165 37 Q 35 Q 4 24 27.3

 Occupancy Sensors ................... 131 109 95 14 Q 22 4 4 14 25.5

 Time Clock ................................. 467 389 309 80 Q 79 Q 5 63 20.7

 Manual Dimmer Switches .......... 501 462 412 50 Q 39 Q 4 24 17.7

 Other .......................................... 79 65 53 Q Q 14 Q Q Q 44.3

Energy Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Any Conservation Features ....... 4,075 3,584 2,868 636 80 491 69 88 334 9.2

 Building Shell ............................. 3,906 3,437 2,762 595 80 469 69 82 318 9.4

 HVAC ......................................... 2,529 2,133 1,735 390 Q 396 49 74 272 10.3

 Lighting ...................................... 2,084 1,768 1,481 287 Q 316 51 59 207 11.3

Off-Hour Equipment

Reduction (more than one

may apply)

 Heating ...................................... 3,211 2,846 2,292 539 Q 365 22 58 284 10.4

 Cooling ....................................... 2,707 2,438 1,932 498 Q 269 23 47 199 10.6

 Lighting ...................................... 3,753 3,307 2,669 630 Q 446 38 69 339 9.6

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

-- = Data not applicable.

* = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation

of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey.
Table 17. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned Buildings,

 Floorspace, 1995

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

RSE

Row

Factor

All

NongovernmentOwned

Buildings

Owner

Occupied

Nonowner

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned

Buildings Federal State Local

0.5 0.5 0.6 1.0 2.1 0.8 2.4 1.4 1.2

All Buildings ............................... 58,772 46,696 35,573 9,697 1,426 12,076 1,752 2,851 7,473 7.7

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................ 6,338 5,709 4,652 787 270 630 Q Q 460 12.7

 5,001 to 10,000 .......................... 7,530 6,606 5,118 1,189 Q 924 Q 158 597 18.4

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................ 11,617 10,071 7,863 1,944 Q 1,546 111 309 1,126 14.7

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................ 7,676 5,653 3,910 1,665 Q 2,023 Q 388 1,499 12.8

 50,001 to 100,000 ...................... 7,968 5,757 4,000 1,670 Q 2,211 243 467 1,501 12.2

 100,001 to 200,000 .................... 6,776 4,929 3,426 1,404 Q 1,847 263 598 986 14.4

 200,001 to 500,000 .................... 5,553 3,867 2,989 797 Q 1,685 201 562 923 16.8

 Over 500,000 ............................. 5,313 4,104 3,615 242 Q 1,209 541 287 Q 22.5

Principal Building Activity

 Education ................................... 7,740 2,531 2,397 Q -- 5,210 Q 913 4,191 13.6

 Food Sales ................................. 642 642 535 Q -- Q Q Q Q 24.2

 Food Service ............................. 1,353 1,275 1,127 149 -- Q Q Q Q 26.9

 Health Care ................................ 2,333 1,815 1,606 Q -- 518 129 Q 249 17.3

 Lodging ...................................... 3,618 3,268 2,980 288 -- 350 Q 196 Q 21.8

 Mercantile and Service .............. 12,728 11,858 8,213 3,646 -- 869 413 Q 325 17.3

 Office ......................................... 10,478 9,183 6,908 2,275 -- 1,295 473 414 409 13.3

 Public Assembly ........................ 3,948 2,397 2,161 236 -- 1,551 Q 501 954 21.0

 Public Order and Safety ............. 1,271 Q Q Q -- 1,054 Q 193 829 25.9

 Religious Worship ...................... 2,792 2,792 2,769 Q -- Q Q Q Q 18.8

 Warehouse and Storage ............ 8,481 7,836 5,425 2,411 -- 645 Q Q 365 23.1

 Other .......................................... 1,004 731 674 Q -- 272 Q Q Q 44.5

 Vacant ........................................ 2,384 2,151 583 141 1,426 232 Q Q Q 28.1

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before ........................... 3,673 3,021 2,615 342 Q 652 Q Q 379 22.2

 1920 to 1945 .............................. 6,710 5,039 3,885 622 531 1,671 360 507 804 18.7

 1946 to 1959 .............................. 9,298 6,662 5,207 1,247 207 2,636 401 497 1,738 15.0

 1960 to 1969 .............................. 10,858 8,084 6,341 1,496 Q 2,774 407 681 1,686 13.3

 1970 to 1979 .............................. 11,333 9,143 6,794 2,195 154 2,190 Q 582 1,450 12.3

 1980 to 1989 .............................. 12,252 10,977 7,731 3,042 Q 1,275 129 330 815 13.2

 1990 to 1992 .............................. 2,590 2,170 1,661 493 Q 420 Q Q 258 20.1

 1993 to 1995 .............................. 2,059 1,602 1,338 260 Q 457 Q Q 343 24.4

Floors

 One ............................................ 24,552 20,615 14,220 5,565 830 3,937 505 482 2,950 11.1

 Two ............................................ 14,122 11,510 9,147 2,114 249 2,612 Q 595 1,884 12.5

 Three ......................................... 7,335 5,354 4,530 709 Q 1,981 246 486 1,249 15.2

 Four to Nine ............................... 8,789 5,882 4,939 844 Q 2,907 626 1,139 1,142 13.8

 Ten or More ............................... 3,975 3,336 2,736 465 Q 639 Q 148 Q 22.1

Census Region

 Northeast ................................... 11,883 8,946 6,972 1,622 Q 2,937 398 758 1,781 15.4

 Midwest ...................................... 14,322 11,414 9,403 1,644 366 2,909 406 834 1,669 13.9

 South ......................................... 20,830 17,056 12,664 3,841 551 3,774 451 741 2,582 12.1

 West ........................................... 11,736 9,280 6,533 2,590 157 2,456 Q 518 1,442 15.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned Buildings,

 Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

RSE

Row

Factor

All

NongovernmentOwned

Buildings

Owner

Occupied

Nonowner

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned

Buildings Federal State Local

0.5 0.5 0.6 1.0 2.1 0.8 2.4 1.4 1.2

Climate Zone: 45-Year

Average

 Fewer than 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ............. 5,098 4,013 3,362 627 Q 1,084 Q 293 685 22.8

 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................ 14,597 11,271 9,088 1,887 296 3,326 Q 692 2,242 15.5

 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................ 15,155 11,717 8,930 2,297 490 3,439 776 977 1,686 15.6

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ........... 13,491 11,144 7,952 2,929 263 2,347 227 512 1,608 16.7

 More than 2,000 CDD and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ........... 10,430 8,551 6,241 1,957 354 1,879 251 376 1,252 18.4

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 .............................. 13,885 12,588 9,406 1,807 1,375 1,298 Q 237 914 15.1

 5 to 9 .......................................... 6,291 5,466 4,739 722 Q 825 Q 164 587 18.2

 10 to 19 ...................................... 7,102 5,932 4,545 1,383 Q 1,170 Q 291 774 16.1

 20 to 49 ...................................... 9,132 6,735 4,667 2,068 Q 2,397 197 461 1,738 13.0

 50 to 99 ...................................... 6,931 4,604 3,145 1,459 Q 2,327 Q 494 1,587 13.4

 100 to 249 .................................. 5,988 4,208 2,945 1,263 Q 1,780 214 588 979 14.1

 250 or More ............................... 9,443 7,164 6,126 996 Q 2,279 770 615 894 15.1

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................ 6,134 5,051 3,373 359 1,319 1,084 Q Q 850 18.4

 40 to 48 ...................................... 13,233 10,034 7,677 2,331 Q 3,199 412 512 2,275 13.5

 49 to 60 ...................................... 12,242 10,106 7,388 2,695 Q 2,136 373 413 1,349 13.3

 61 to 84 ...................................... 10,052 8,116 6,087 2,019 Q 1,937 Q 466 1,388 13.6

 85 to 167 .................................... 6,202 4,925 3,508 1,416 Q 1,277 Q 534 562 16.0

 Open Continuously .................... 10,908 8,465 7,539 877 Q 2,443 618 776 1,049 12.9

Space in Building Vacant for at

Least Three Consecutive

Months

 Yes ............................................. 15,844 13,779 8,468 3,909 1,402 2,065 373 474 1,219 12.5

 No .............................................. 42,928 32,917 27,105 5,788 Q 10,010 1,379 2,377 6,254 8.2

Number of Establishments

 One ............................................ 41,057 30,544 26,405 4,139 -- 10,513 1,375 2,349 6,789 8.3

 2 to 5 .......................................... 7,325 6,443 4,171 2,271 -- 882 219 208 456 16.9

 6 to 10 ........................................ 2,672 2,521 1,088 1,433 -- Q Q Q Q 20.6

 11 to 20 ...................................... 2,228 2,160 996 1,164 -- Q Q Q Q 17.2

 More than 20 .............................. 3,943 3,602 2,913 690 -- Q Q Q Q 20.0

 Currently Unoccupied ................ 1,548 1,426 -- -- 1,426 Q Q Q Q 27.4

Multibuilding Facility

 Part of Multibuilding Facility ....... 24,352 16,541 12,524 3,510 507 7,811 1,391 2,240 4,179 10.3

 Not on Multibuilding Facility ....... 34,420 30,155 23,048 6,187 919 4,265 360 611 3,294 9.5

Predominant Exterior Wall

Material

 Masonry ..................................... 42,958 33,050 24,858 7,128 1,064 9,908 1,312 2,339 6,257 9.1

 Siding or Shingles ...................... 3,243 2,832 2,480 272 Q 411 Q Q 250 25.9

 Metal Panels .............................. 5,694 5,097 4,248 688 Q 597 Q Q 465 17.4

 Concrete Panels ........................ 4,069 3,239 2,088 1,077 Q 830 191 288 351 19.5

 Window Glass ............................ 1,755 1,533 1,229 300 Q 222 Q Q Q 25.0

 Other .......................................... 660 602 474 Q Q Q Q Q Q 29.7

 No One Major Type ................... 393 344 194 Q Q Q Q Q Q 68.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned Buildings,

 Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

RSE

Row

Factor

All

NongovernmentOwned

Buildings

Owner

Occupied

Nonowner

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned

Buildings Federal State Local

0.5 0.5 0.6 1.0 2.1 0.8 2.4 1.4 1.2

Predominant Roof Material

 Built-Up ...................................... 24,481 18,795 13,202 4,960 634 5,686 891 1,643 3,151 10.3

 Shingles (Not Wood) .................. 11,093 9,866 8,332 1,245 Q 1,227 Q Q 858 14.0

 Metal Surfacing .......................... 7,941 6,951 5,392 1,276 282 991 Q 177 732 17.3

 Synthetic or Rubber ................... 10,235 7,211 5,771 1,399 Q 3,024 463 610 1,951 12.8

 Slate or Tile ................................ 1,920 1,416 1,157 241 Q 504 Q Q 250 24.1

 Wooden Materials ...................... 1,130 998 752 Q Q Q Q Q Q 46.0

 Concrete .................................... 1,335 1,013 710 200 Q 322 Q Q Q 44.4

 Other .......................................... 332 196 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 47.1

 No One Major Type ................... 305 250 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 58.9

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ................................... 57,076 45,225 35,111 9,518 596 11,851 1,674 2,810 7,367 7.6

 Natural Gas ................................ 38,145 30,256 23,956 6,077 Q 7,889 710 1,698 5,481 7.9

 Fuel Oil ...................................... 14,421 10,617 9,485 1,101 Q 3,805 607 860 2,338 11.6

 District Heat ............................... 5,658 2,789 2,482 303 Q 2,869 913 1,266 690 19.1

 District Chilled Water ................. 2,521 1,200 1,063 Q Q 1,321 263 575 482 22.2

 Propane ..................................... 5,344 4,239 3,452 760 Q 1,105 Q Q 911 22.2

 Other .......................................... 2,336 1,620 1,285 335 Q 716 Q Q 440 30.8

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating .... 54,347 42,860 33,402 9,148 311 11,487 1,689 2,785 7,013 8.0

 Buildings with Cooling ................ 49,935 39,654 30,717 8,763 Q 10,280 1,609 2,473 6,198 7.6

 Buildings with Water Heating ..... 51,560 40,351 31,387 8,690 274 11,209 1,606 2,721 6,882 8.1

 Buildings with Cooking ............... 20,713 15,175 12,323 2,776 Q 5,537 589 946 4,002 9.9

 Buildings with Manufacturing ..... 3,893 3,205 2,318 859 Q 687 Q Q 381 23.4

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................ 13,366 9,643 8,675 947 Q 3,723 505 949 2,269 11.2

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated ................................. 4,425 3,836 2,171 549 1,116 589 Q Q 460 25.9

 1 to 50 ........................................ 6,227 5,732 3,987 1,637 Q 495 Q Q 250 24.7

 51 to 99 ...................................... 8,868 7,220 5,736 1,466 Q 1,648 145 505 998 14.6

 100 ............................................. 39,252 29,909 23,678 6,045 Q 9,344 1,468 2,111 5,765 7.9

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled ................................. 8,837 7,042 4,856 934 1,252 1,795 Q 377 1,275 17.4

 1 to 50 ........................................ 15,027 11,523 8,547 2,915 Q 3,504 396 687 2,421 12.7

 51 to 99 ...................................... 12,549 9,652 8,020 1,632 Q 2,897 626 757 1,514 12.5

 100 ............................................. 22,359 18,479 14,149 4,217 Q 3,880 587 1,030 2,263 10.5

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero ........................................... 189 177 143 Q Q Q Q Q Q 58.8

 1 to 50 ........................................ 6,008 5,451 4,527 911 Q 557 Q Q 411 21.1

 51 to 99 ...................................... 9,692 7,441 5,838 1,603 Q 2,250 281 543 1,427 13.6

 100 ............................................. 40,514 31,529 24,421 6,990 Q 8,985 1,304 2,166 5,516 8.0

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used .................. 2,369 2,098 643 193 1,262 271 Q Q Q 31.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned Buildings,

 Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

RSE

Row

Factor

All

NongovernmentOwned

Buildings

Owner

Occupied

Nonowner

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned

Buildings Federal State Local

0.5 0.5 0.6 1.0 2.1 0.8 2.4 1.4 1.2

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps ............................... 5,843 4,833 3,857 976 Q 1,011 185 165 660 17.2

 Furnaces .................................... 14,923 13,389 10,498 2,790 Q 1,534 Q 189 1,220 13.9

 Individual Space Heaters ........... 16,809 13,940 11,241 2,632 Q 2,868 320 582 1,966 13.7

 District Heat ............................... 5,911 2,882 2,534 329 Q 3,029 981 1,308 740 18.8

 Boilers ........................................ 16,754 10,924 9,550 1,299 Q 5,830 493 1,104 4,233 9.9

 Packaged Heating Units ............ 16,893 14,417 9,947 4,369 Q 2,476 188 343 1,944 12.1

 Other .......................................... 6,249 5,071 4,247 824 Q 1,178 Q 326 608 20.4

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................ 9,238 7,832 6,245 1,582 Q 1,406 Q 225 1,038 14.0

 Heat Pumps ............................... 6,931 5,695 4,462 1,234 Q 1,235 257 196 782 16.6

 Individual Air Conditioners ......... 12,494 8,957 7,401 1,532 Q 3,537 288 640 2,609 12.5

 District Chilled Water ................. 2,521 1,200 1,063 Q Q 1,321 263 575 482 22.2

 Central Chillers .......................... 11,065 7,443 6,508 893 Q 3,622 812 1,029 1,781 13.2

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units .......................................... 26,628 21,889 16,156 5,629 Q 4,740 740 888 3,111 10.1

 Swamp Coolers ......................... 2,451 2,105 1,538 567 Q 346 Q Q 245 34.2

 Other .......................................... 949 687 521 166 Q 262 Q Q Q 34.7

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

 Incandescent ............................. 35,715 28,409 23,855 4,500 Q 7,306 1,043 1,683 4,580 8.5

 Standard Fluorescent ................ 53,984 42,483 33,054 9,318 Q 11,501 1,662 2,737 7,103 7.5

 Compact Fluorescent ................. 14,273 10,671 9,214 1,457 Q 3,602 614 1,042 1,947 12.7

 High-Intensity Discharge ............ 16,259 11,583 9,777 1,800 Q 4,676 669 966 3,041 11.8

 Halogen ..................................... 9,665 7,937 6,709 1,225 Q 1,728 Q 251 1,216 15.6

 Other .......................................... 554 484 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 86.9

Personal Computers and/or

Computer Terminals

 None .......................................... 12,571 11,035 8,146 1,510 1,379 1,536 Q 304 1,048 14.8

 1 to 4 .......................................... 11,401 10,476 8,544 1,885 Q 925 Q 220 580 15.8

 5 to 9 .......................................... 5,372 4,586 3,235 1,350 Q 786 Q 135 573 18.6

 10 to 19 ...................................... 5,947 4,995 3,677 1,318 Q 952 Q 246 619 18.0

 20 to 49 ...................................... 7,048 4,785 3,322 1,463 Q 2,264 194 482 1,588 15.3

 50 to 99 ...................................... 4,938 3,211 2,208 1,003 Q 1,727 Q 508 1,107 16.1

 100 to 249 .................................. 5,189 3,110 2,601 510 Q 2,079 187 558 1,334 16.0

 250 or More ............................... 6,307 4,499 3,841 659 Q 1,807 785 398 625 16.3

Energy-Related Space

Functions (more than one may

apply)

 Commercial Food Preparation ... 20,713 15,175 12,323 2,776 Q 5,537 589 946 4,002 9.9

 Computer Room ........................ 12,890 9,307 7,647 1,652 Q 3,583 919 638 2,027 11.1

 Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water .............. 6,753 5,234 4,623 611 Q 1,519 Q 361 938 16.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned Buildings,

 Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

RSE

Row

Factor

All

NongovernmentOwned

Buildings

Owner

Occupied

Nonowner

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned

Buildings Federal State Local

0.5 0.5 0.6 1.0 2.1 0.8 2.4 1.4 1.2

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

 Roof or Ceiling Insulation ........... 46,355 36,498 28,681 7,379 439 9,856 1,492 2,239 6,126 8.5

 Wall Insulation ........................... 31,694 26,016 20,899 4,823 293 5,678 956 1,307 3,415 10.0

 Storm or Multiple Glazing .......... 28,876 23,322 19,243 3,860 219 5,554 1,030 1,206 3,319 9.4

 Tinted, Reflective or

 Shading Glass .......................... 24,245 19,496 15,089 4,271 137 4,749 758 1,248 2,742 9.7

 Exterior or Interior

 Shading or Awnings .................. 37,208 28,878 22,376 6,194 309 8,330 1,433 1,887 5,009 8.7

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Variable Air-Volume System ...... 13,473 9,647 8,145 1,453 Q 3,826 800 950 2,076 12.2

 Economizer Cycle ...................... 16,550 12,014 9,819 2,111 Q 4,536 874 1,237 2,426 11.3

 HVAC Maintenance ................... 43,134 32,837 25,719 7,014 Q 10,297 1,554 2,494 6,249 8.2

 Other Energy Efficient

 Equipment ................................. 6,453 4,502 3,767 732 Q 1,950 173 389 1,389 14.0

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Specular Reflectors ................... 17,868 14,003 11,254 2,739 Q 3,865 712 785 2,368 11.5

 Energy-Efficient Ballasts ............ 28,375 21,334 17,779 3,521 Q 7,040 1,180 1,944 3,917 8.9

 Natural Lighting Control

 Sensors ..................................... 6,431 5,099 4,423 676 Q 1,333 199 293 841 16.8

 Occupancy Sensors ................... 5,958 4,265 3,873 392 Q 1,692 505 230 957 18.6

 Time Clock ................................. 13,262 10,779 8,778 1,965 Q 2,484 366 550 1,568 11.7

 Manual Dimmer Switches .......... 13,056 10,823 9,440 1,383 Q 2,233 625 443 1,166 12.7

 Other .......................................... 2,836 1,960 1,639 316 Q 876 Q Q 659 23.9

Energy Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Any Conservation Features ....... 55,288 43,720 33,842 9,172 706 11,569 1,689 2,782 7,097 7.7

 Building Shell ............................. 53,190 42,074 32,739 8,630 706 11,116 1,688 2,577 6,851 7.8

 HVAC ......................................... 44,657 34,095 26,731 7,253 Q 10,562 1,554 2,549 6,459 8.1

 Lighting ...................................... 38,537 29,737 24,062 5,625 Q 8,800 1,433 2,186 5,180 8.0

Off-Hour Equipment

Reduction (more than one

may apply)

 Heating ...................................... 38,326 30,267 22,943 7,235 Q 8,059 801 1,690 5,569 8.7

 Cooling ....................................... 35,605 28,437 21,348 7,017 Q 7,168 770 1,577 4,821 8.6

 Lighting ...................................... 44,937 35,675 27,042 8,557 Q 9,262 1,058 2,002 6,201 8.2

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

-- = Data not applicable.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation

of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey.