Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment     CDM Monitoring Report

Project in Krabi Province, Thailand   

    Page 1 of 40

    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

CDM Monitoring Report

Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment Project  

in Krabi Province, Thailand

UNFCCC Project Registered No. 2620   

Monitoring Report No. 01 (Version 1.1)  

Monitoring Period   16 October 2009 – 30 April 2010

Project Participants

Srijaroen Palm Oil Co., Ltd

Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd

Report Prepared by

Carbon Partners Asiatica
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment     CDM Monitoring Report

Project in Krabi Province, Thailand   

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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

Contents

Titles                       Pages  

   

1. Project Description 4

1.1 Project Information 4

1.2 Description of the Project Activity 4

1.3 Status of Project Implementation 5

2. CER Calculation Methodology 6

2.1 Project Boundary 6

2.2 Calculation methodology 7

3. Monitoring Plan 9

3.1 CDM Working Team and Monitoring System 9

3.2 Monitoring Equipments 10

3.3 Monitored Parameters 14

3.4 Quality Control / Quality Assurance

       3.4.1 Equipment Calibration

17

17

4. Delivered Emission Reduction 21

4.1 Fixed values 21

4.2 CDM Monitored Data (with correction) 22

4.3 Calculation of Emission Reduction   28

4.4 Summary of Emission Reduction 33

5. Comparison of the actual CERs claimed in the monitoring period

with the estimated in the registered PDD  

33

Appendix I: Unit conversion of biogas stream – from volume to mass

flow rate

35
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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

Tables  

Titles Pages

1. Summary of monitoring equipments installed   10

2. Summary of monitored parameters 14

3. Summary of quality control and assurance of monitoring equipment 17

4. Summary of monitoring parameters measured by accredited outsource

laboratory

20

5. Summary of fixed parameters used in calculation 21

6. Monitored quantities of biogas generation and utilization in project

activity (aggregated to monthly)  

22

7. Monitored properties of biogas generation and utilization in project

activity (aggregated to monthly)  

23

8. Monitored properties of biogas generation and utilization in project

activity (aggregated to monthly), continued

24

9. Monitored quantities and properties of wastewater in project activity

(aggregated to monthly)

25

10. Monitored quantities and properties of wastewater sludge removed

(aggregated to monthly)

26

11. Monitored amount of electricity displaced to grid and consumed in

biogas facilities (aggregated to monthly)

27

12. Emission reductions from wastewater treatment component in project

activity

31

13. Emission reductions from power generation component in the project

activity

32

14. Summary results of emission reductions from project activity 33

Figures

Titles Pages

1. Schematic diagram of project boundary 6

2. CDM Organization Chart 9

3. Monitoring equipment location 12

4. Locations of electricity meters 13
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Project in Krabi Province, Thailand   

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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

CDM Monitoring Report

Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment Project in Krabi Province, Thailand (the “Project”)

This report is prepared for the purpose of verification and certification of Certified Emission Reductions

(CERs) resulting from project activity “Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment Project in Krabi

Province, Thailand” under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). In line with the CDM rules, this

Monitoring Report forms a core part of the documents to be submitted to meet the requirement of

project verification.  

1. Project Description

1.1. Project Information

Project Title: Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment Project

in Krabi Province, Thailand

Project Reference number: 2620

Registration Date: October 16, 2009      

Crediting period:   October 16, 2009 to October 15, 2019  

Project Participants: Srijaroen Palm Oil Co., Ltd, and   

Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd

CERs Monitoring Period: October 16, 2009 to April 30, 2010

Methodology (ies) Applied: AMS‐III.H version 9 and AMS‐I.D version 13   

1.2. Description of the Project Activity

Project Objective

Srijaroen Palm Oil Co., Ltd. (Srijaroen) is a manufacturer of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Crude Palm

Kernel Oil (CPKO) in Krabi Province, in the Southern region of Thailand. The palm oil milling process

produces a large amount of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), a high organic content wastewater,

which not only affects the local environment when treated in anaerobic open lagoons, it also

releases methane, a potent greenhouse gas (GHG).  

To reduce GHG emissions and alleviate other environmental issues (e.g. odor from rotting organic

wastewater), a new anaerobic digestion and methane recovery system, coupled with an electricity

generation system have been implemented as the CDM Project. Under the previous system, POME

was treated in the anaerobic open lagoons, from which methane was freely emitted into the

atmosphere.  

Project Activity

   

The Project involves the installation and operation of an anaerobic digester to treat POME and

recovery of methane generated from the treatment process. The captured methane is utilized as

fuel for power generation. Electricity generated from the Project is first used to meet internal
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment     CDM Monitoring Report

Project in Krabi Province, Thailand   

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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

power demand of the wastewater treatment plant; the remaining is exported to the grid under a

power purchase agreement (PPA) with the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA).  

The Project reduces GHG emissions to the atmosphere through two activities. The first is the

avoidance of methane that would have been emitted from the open lagoons, and the second is the

replacement of carbon intensive grid electricity, with electricity generated from methane captured

from a newly implemented anaerobic digester.

1.3. Status of Project Implementation  

Project Implementation

The Project successfully implemented and operated a new wastewater treatment and biogas

recovery and utilization system using the Modified Covered Lagoon Digester. As stated in the PDD,

the Project planned to install up to 3 MW of power generation capacity.  For the first 1MW, the

PPA was signed with the PEA in June 2008. The genset was installed and a test run was carried out

on October 16, 2009. Srijaroen then started to export electricity to PEA grid on October 21, 2009

(the commercial operation date of the first 1MW genset). Another 1MW genset has recently been

installed to increase power generation capacity (i.e. totaling 2MWe).  Srijaroen is in the process of

obtaining the PPA for the second 1MW genset and expects to start exporting electricity to the grid

from the second 1MW genset in August 2010. However, as this monitoring report covers activities

up to 30 April 2010, the total export electricity to the grid from combined 2‐1MW gensets will be

relevant to the second monitoring period onwards, and not to this report.  

In the first 4 months of the project operation, much of the data were recorded manually by

operators. Installation of a paperless system that enables continuous monitoring using a data

logger has been completed and has been in operation since February 25, 2010. Most of the

monitored figures from March 1, 2010 onward, as shown in the report, demonstrate the results

from the paperless system.

It is noted that the Project has yet to install the flare system, mentioned in the PDD as being

necessary if and when there is excess biogas. Srijaroen has delayed its plan to install a flare system,

at least until the operation of 2x1MW gensets has stabilized which can be observed in subsequent

monitoring period, as it is currently able to use all biogas produced.   

Operation of the Project

The Project has been in commercial operation since October 21, 2009. The operational time in this

context includes downtime due to maintenance or technical issues.
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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

2. CERs Calculation Methodology

The CDM small‐scale methodologies AMS‐III.H version 9 and AMS‐I.D version 13 are used to

compute the CERs.   

2.1. Project Boundary

The overall boundary of the Project is illustrated by the schematic diagram below.  

                               Project boundary

   

               PEA Grid

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of project boundary

The project activity involves two main technologies as follows:

• Wastewater treatment system; and

• Electricity generation system

Wastewater Treatment System

POME from crude palm oil production process is first treated in an oil trap pond to separate

silt/sand and oil, then in a temperature and volume equalization pond before being fed into a

newly installed Modified Covered Lagoon. Anaerobic microorganisms remove organic compounds

Oil Trap

Lagoon

Equalization

Lagoon

Modified

Covered Lagoon

Open

Lagoon 1

Open

Lagoon 2

Open

Lagoon 4

Open

Lagoon 3

Land

Application

Liquid fertilizer for

palm oil plantation

Desulphurization

Unit

Dehumidifying

Unit

Biogas  

Gensets

Future

Flare

Net electricity

exported to grid

Biogas

Excess Biogas (if any)

Treated wastewater

Wastewater

from factory

Sludge

Electricity for

Electricity imported internal use

from PEA

Overflow

Lagoon
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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

in the form of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The anaerobic process results in the

production of methane‐rich biogas in the digester, which is recovered for energy production.

Treated wastewater from the digester is then sent for secondary treatment in a series of four

existing open lagoons and overflow ponds. Finally, the effluent from the last two lagoons is

discharged to adjacent palm oil plantations, acting as liquid fertilizer.       

In addition, approximately 807 tonnes of sludge was removed from the existing ponds and digester

in March 19‐20, 2010, which was the first sludge removal since the start of the factory. The

removed sludge was used for soil application, as fertilizer in the surrounding palm plantation

owned by Srijaroen. However, in line with AMS‐III.H, the project emission due to the sludge

removal is not accounted in this report as the sludge was applied to Srijaroen’s plantation.

Electricity Generation System

The recovered biogas from bio‐digester is purified in a desulphurization unit and then dried in a

dehumidifying unit, before entering biogas engine‐generators (from GE Jenbacher) for electricity

generation. The electricity generated from the engines is used both internally at the site to power

the project facilities as well as for export to the PEA grid.  

In the case of non‐operation of the biogas engine generator(s), electricity is imported from the grid

for internal use at the site. Such consumption is monitored via an electricity meter and is

accounted in the calculation of CERs as project emissions.  

Finally, there is a delay in flare installation as mentioned under Section 1.3, as under the current

operation, all the total gas generated from the digester is sent to generator for electricity

generation and no excess biogas is generated.  

2.2. Calculation methodology

The methodologies and tool applied for the calculation of CERs are:

• CDM methodology AMS‐I.D “Grid connected renewable electricity generation” Version 13; and

• CDM methodology AMS‐III.H “Methane recovery in wastewater treatment”  Version 9; and

• CDM “Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system”; and  

• CDM “Tool to determine project emission from flaring gases containing methane”

As per the above mentioned methodologies and tools, the calculation of total Emission Reduction

from the project is governed by the following equations.

ERm = ERm,ww + ERm,power                                                              [Eq. 1]

Where monthly emission reduction from wastewater treatment component (ERm,ww) is calculated

as follows;

ERm,ww = MDm – PEm,‐ Leakagem                                            [Eq. 2]

And, monthly emission reduction from power generation component due to electricity

displacement (ERm,power) is calculated as follows;
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment     CDM Monitoring Report

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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

ERm, power = EGm, displaced x EFm,grid                                                            [Eq. 3]

Leakagem is the leakage emissions from the transfer of equipment(s) to or from another activity.  

This is not applicable for the Project in line with the registered PDD, thus Leakage is considered to

be “Zero”.

Nomenclatures are explained below.

ERm    = total emission reductions from project activity in month m (tCO2e/month)  

ERm,ww    = emission reductions from wastewater component in month m (tCO2e/month)

ERm, power = emission reduction from power generation component due to electricity

displacement in month m (tCO2e/month)

MDm = baseline emissions from methane recovered and destroyed in month m

(tCO2e/month)

PEm = project emissions from wastewater treatment component of project activity in

month m (tCO2e/month)  

EGm, displaced = quantity of electricity that would be displaced by the project activity in month m

(MWh/month)

EFy, grid = Thailand’s grid emission factor (tCO2e/MWh)

It should be noted that biogas upgrading and compression are not associated with the project

activity and thus were excluded from the project emission calculation as indicated in the CDM‐

PDD.  

As per the requirement of methodology AMS‐III.H version 9, the calculation of emission reductions

in this project activity is based on the amount of methane recovered and fuelled or flared that is

monitored ex‐post.    For the electricity generation component based on methodology AMS‐I.D

version 13, the calculation is based on the amount of power produced by the Project multiplied by

the grid emission factor stated in the registered PDD.    
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Project in Krabi Province, Thailand   

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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

3. Monitoring Plan

3.1 CDM Working Team and Monitoring System

Consistent with the CDM‐PDD, Srijaroen has appointed a project manager who is responsible for all

data monitoring, acquisition and recording for CDM purposes. The staffs have been trained to

operate all monitoring equipments prior to the start of the Project, and all readings have been

taken in a systematic and transparent manner under the supervision of the management. Quality

control and assurance procedures have been undertaken in accordance with that outlined in the

monitoring plan. The database has been maintained to record all relevant data as per the

monitoring plan.  

The team reviews the data and regularly submits a complete set of documents to the

management, explaining the calculation procedure and the resultant CER amount.  

The structure of the CDM organization chart at Srijaroen is outlined below.  

Figure 2: CDM Organization Chart

The main duties for CDM working team can be described as follows:

• The Project Manager is responsible for the overall management of the working team members

to ensure adherence to the CDM monitoring plan and procedures.  

• The Project Engineer is responsible for cooperating with and assisting the Project Manager to

manage working team members.  

• The Biogas Engineer is responsible for controlling and operating the Modified Covered Lagoon

system as well as to monitor the data in accordance with the CDM monitoring plan.  

• The Laboratory Officer is responsible for conducting analytical activity in laboratory as and when

requested by Biogas Engineer.  
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Project in Krabi Province, Thailand   

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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

• The Maintenance Operator is responsible for the inspection and maintenance of the biogas

system and power generation system.  

• The Biogas Operator is responsible for the overall operation of the biogas system.  

• The Waste Water Pond Operator is responsible for checking and maintaining good condition of

wastewater ponds.  

3.2 Monitoring Equipments

Table 1: Summary of monitoring equipments installed  

Equipment  

ID No.

Type of  

Equipment

Brand/

Model

Serial  

Number Range Accuracy

BFM‐001 Gas Flow  

Meter

FCI/

ST51 306323 {1}0‐2,000  Nm3

/h ± 1% reading  

± 0.5% full scale

BFM‐002 Gas Flow  

Meter

FCI/

ST51 306636 {1}0‐1,000 Nm3

/h ± 1% reading  

± 0.5% full scale

BFM‐003 Gas Flow  

Meter

FCI/

ST51 306324 {1}0‐1,000  Nm3

/h ± 1% reading  

± 0.5% full scale

BFM‐004 Gas Flow  

Meter

FCI/

ST51 322047 {1}0‐1,000  Nm3

/h ± 1% reading  

± 0.5% full scale

TS‐001 Temperature  

Sensor

FCI/

ST51 306323 0‐100 O

C ± 1% reading  

± 0.5% full scale

TS‐002 Temperature  

Sensor

FCI/

ST51 306636 0‐100 O

C ± 1% reading  

± 0.5% full scale

TS‐003 Temperature  

Sensor

FCI/

ST51 306324 0‐100 O

C ± 1% reading  

± 0.5% full scale

TS‐004 Temperature  

Sensor

FCI/

ST51 322047 0‐100 O

C ± 1% reading  

± 0.5% full scale

PS‐001 Pressure  

Gauge

SSI/

KI,1.6 C42824 (‐250) ‐ 250

mbar TBD

PS‐002 Pressure  

Gauge

Bull‐Brand TBD

{2}0 – 2,000

mmAq TBD

PS‐003 Pressure  

Gauge

Bull‐Brand/611‐52‐

131‐00020Z C42823

{2}0 – 2,000

mmAq TBD

PS‐004 Pressure

Gauge

Bull‐Brand TBD

{2}0 – 2,000

mmAq TBD

PS‐005 Pressure  

Gauge

NUOVA FIMA 2670‐3L 0‐100 mbar ± 1.6% as per

UNI8239

{5}

PS‐006 Pressure

Gauge SSI/KI,1.6 TBD (‐250) ‐ 250 mbar TBD

{5}PS‐007 Pressure

Gauge Bull‐Brand TBD

{2}

0 – 2,000

mmAq TBD

{5}PS‐008 Pressure

Gauge NUOVA FIMA TBD 0‐100 mbar ± 1.6% as per

UNI8239

MTA‐001 CH4  

Analyzer

UNION/

INCA BIO 04 91084 0‐100% ± 1%

MTA‐002 CH4  

Analyzer

UNION/

INCA BIO 04 90992 0‐100% ± 1%
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Project in Krabi Province, Thailand   

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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

WFM‐001 Water Flow  

Meter

ABB/

DE43FT1HSD1ASAA2G

D010E

6709230625 0‐240 + 0.5%

CA‐001 COD  

Analyzer

HACH/

DR5000 1249249

190‐1,100  nm

(WAVELENGTH

RANGE)

±1 nm

DM‐001 Digital Meter TESTO/

605‐H1 39504351

5 %‐ 95 %RH ,  

0 ‐ 50 O

C dry‐bulb,      

(‐20) to 50 O

C dew

point

± 3 %RH ,

± 0.5 OC

{5}DM‐002 Digital Meter TESTO/

605‐H1 39504309

5 %‐ 95 %RH ,  

0 ‐ 50 O

C dry‐bulb,      

(‐20) to 50 O

C dew

point

± 3 %RH ,

± 0.5 OC

EM‐001 Electricity  

Meter

SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC/

PM750 0039016298 3 phase 400 V CT/5A (0 ‐ 1.84 x 1015  kW )

Class 0.5  

(0.5%)

EM‐002 Electricity  

Meter

SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC/

PM750 0039014487 3 phase 400 V CT/5A (0 ‐ 1.84 x 1015  kW )

Class 0.5  

(0.5%)

EM‐003 Electricity  

Meter

GENERAL ELECTRIC/

30.3182.117 4981385 N/A N/A

{3}EM‐004 Electricity  

Meter

SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC/

PM750 0039026803 3 phase 400 V CT/5A  ( 0 ‐ 1.84 x 1015  kW )

Class 0.5  

(0.5%)

{4}PEA‐EM‐

001,

Electricity  

Meter

GENIUS/

EDMI 206500128 3 phase 33kV

CT/5A Class 0.5s

{6}PEA‐EM‐ 

002

Electricity

Meter

GENIUS/

EDMI 207712457 3 phase 33kV

CT/5A Class 0.5s

WS‐001

Weight Scale

to Measure

Sludge

Commandor/

HP‐02B 0000362

at 0 to 10 tonnes

+10kg

at 10 ‐ 40 tonnes +

20kg

at 40 ‐ 80 tonnes +

30kg

0 ‐ 80 tonnes

PPL‐001 Paperless

system

Honeywell/

Minitrend QX  

103Y08465200

0001 N/A

+ 0.1% at 0‐500

ohm load

+ 0.25% at 500 –

1,000 ohm load

{1}Normal Cubic Meter (Nm3

) is the volume of substance at normal condition (0 OC and 1 atm), this condition

is applicable to all readings of biogas flow meters   {2} 1 mBar is equal to 10.2 mmAq

{3} Refers to electricity meter used to record electricity consumption by the biogas facilities, including

electricity from biogas plant and PEA grid    {4} Refers to electricity meter used to record units of electricity exported to PEA    {5} Refers to backup equipment that will be temporary used when original equipment is sent for calibration   {6} Refers to electricity meter used to record units of electricity imported from PEA to biogas and palm oil mill

facilities
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment 

Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

Figure 3: Monitoring equipment location
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment 

Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

Figure 4: Locations of electricity meters

Project Boundary

PEA Electricity Meter (import)

(PEA‐EM‐002)

PEA Electricity Meter (export)

(PEA‐EM‐001)
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Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

3.3 Monitored Parameters

Table 2: Summary of monitored parameters

Equipment

ID No.

Parameter

as in CDM‐

PDD

Description in PDD Unit

Frequency

of measure as

specified in  

CDM‐PDD

Remark

EM‐004 EGy,consumed

Quantity of electricity

consumed by the

project activity

facilities

MWh/day Continuously Manual record in data

log book  

N/A Qfuel_consumed,y

Amount of diesel oil

consumed by project

activity

TJ  ‐ 

The project activity

does not involve any

diesel oil consumption

WFM‐001 Qy,ww

Volume of

wastewater treated m3

/year Continuously

Manual record in data

log book until February

28, 2010. After March

1, 2010 , the paperless

system has been used

CA‐001{2}

(for in‐

house

laboratory,

not used for

the

calculation)

CODy,ww,treated

Chemical oxygen

demand of the final

treated wastewater

discharged

Tonnes/m3

Measure

monthly by

outside

laboratory.  

More

frequent

sampling is

conducted by

in‐house

laboratory

In‐house sampling is

generally taken on a

weekly basis. The

results are used

internally for

operational purposes.  

For CERs calculation,

the monthly results

from external

laboratory are used.

WS‐001 Sy,final

Amount of final

sludge generated by

the wastewater

treatment

Tonnes/year

Periodically;

when sludge

is removed

Srijaroen removed

sludge once. The

amount of sludge

removed was

estimated based on

actual weight/load x

number of load.

N/A End use of

sludge

End use of final

sludge Text

Periodically

when sludge

is removed

and applied to

land for

plantation

CA‐001{2}

(for in‐

house

laboratory,

not used for

the

calculation)

CODy,ww,untreat

ed

Chemical oxygen

demand of untreated

wastewater entering

to digester

Tonnes/m3

Measure

monthly by

outside

laboratory.  

More

frequent

sampling is

conducted by

in‐house

laboratory

In‐house sampling is

generally taken on a

daily basis. The results

are used internally for

operational purposes.  

For CERs calculation,

the monthly results

from external

laboratory are used.
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Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

N/A CODy,removed,j

Chemical oxygen

demand removed by

the biogas digester

equipped with

methane recovery

Tonnes/m3 Calculated

Calculated as the

difference between

monitored data of

CODy,ww,untreated and

CODy,ww,dig,treated

N/A CODy,removed,i

Chemical oxygen

demand removed by

open lagoon system

to which sequential

anaerobic treatment

step (biogas digester)

is being introduced

Tonnes/m3 Calculated

Calculated as the

difference between

monitored data of

CODy,ww,dig,treated and

CODy,ww,treated

CA‐001{2}

(for in‐

house

laboratory,

not used for

the

calculation)

CODy,ww,dig.trea

ted

Chemical oxygen

demand of

wastewater after

being treated by the

biogas digester

Tonnes/m3

Measure

monthly by

outside

laboratory.  

More

frequent

sampling is

conducted by

in‐house

laboratory  

In‐house sampling is

generally taken on a

daily basis.  The results

are used internally for

operational purposes.  

For CERs calculation,

the results from

external laboratory are

used.

PEA‐EM‐001 EGy,displaced

Quantity of electricity

that displaced by

project activity

MWh/year Continuously

The consistency of

monitored data is

verified through

comparison with actual

power sales records to

the PEA i.e. electricity

bills.

BFM‐001 FVREC,h

Total biogas

recovered from the

digester

Nm3 biogas{1} Continuously

Manual record in data

log book until February

28, 2010. After March

1, 2010 , the paperless

system has been used

BFM‐004 FVFL,h Biogas sent to flare Nm3 biogas{1} Continuously

BFM‐002

BFM‐003 FVGEN,h

Biogas sent to

gensets

Nm3 biogas{1} Continuously

MTA‐001

MTA‐002 fvCH4,h

Volumetric fraction of

CH4 component in

the residual gas

(fraction) Continuously

N/A Tflare

Temperature in the

exhaust gas of the

flare

Degree

Celcius Continuously

Not relevant for this

monitoring period as

flare has not yet been

installed

N/A

Other flare

operation

parameter

Equipments to

monitor proper

operation of the flare  

N/A Not specified

Not relevant for this

monitoring period as  

flare has not yet been

installed  

PS‐001, PS‐

002, PS‐003,

PS‐004, PS‐

005, PS‐006,

Pbiogas

Pressure of biogas

combusted mBar (Gauge) Continuously Manual record in datalog book
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Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

PS‐007, and

PS‐008

TS‐001,

TS‐002,

TS‐003,

TS‐004

Tbiogas

Temperature of

biogas combusted

Degree

Celcius or

Kelvin

Continuously

Manual record in data

log book until February

28, 2010. After March

1, 2010 , the paperless

system has been used

{1} Normal Cubic Meter (Nm3

) is the volume of substance at normal condition (0 OC and 1 atm). This condition is

applicable to all readings of biogas flow meters

{2} COD analytical method for CA‐001 is Hach Method No. 8000 that is accepted by US EPA No. 410.4. Chemical

used for COD testing in CA‐001 is subjected to COD Standard (NIST)
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment 

Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

3.4 Quality Control/Quality Assurance

As stated in PDD, quality assurance and quality control are extremely important in ensuring the accu

reductions achieved. Calibration procedures have been conducted in accordance with industry common 

frequencies and certificates will be provided to the DOE during the site visit. Equipments requiring regular c

3.4.1 Equipment CalibrationTable 3: Summary of quality control and assurance of monitoring equipment

Equipments ID. No. Serial Number Reference Standard

as in PDD

Calibration

Standard

Applied

Calibratio

n

Frequency

Calibration

Entity

Biogas FlowMeter 1

BFM‐001 (306323) Industry Standard

N.I.S.T.

(U.S. National

Institute of

Standards and

Technology)

18 months

FLUID

COMPONENT

INTERNATION

LLC

Biogas FlowMeter 2

BFM‐002 (306636) Industry Standard 

Biogas FlowMeter 3

BFM‐003 (306324) Industry Standard 

Biogas FlowMeter 4

BFM‐004 (322047) Industry Standard 

Biogas Temp.

Sensor 1

TS‐001 (306323) Industry Standard 

Biogas Temp.

Sensor 2

TS‐002 (306636) Industry Standard 

Biogas Temp.

Sensor 3

TS‐003 (306324) Industry Standard 

Biogas Temp.

Sensor 4

TS‐004 (322047) Industry Standard 
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment 

Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

BiogasPressureGauge 1

PS‐001 (C42824) Industry Standard

Thailand Institute

of Scientific and

Technological

Research (TISTR)

and NIMT

Replace or

calibrate

every

12 months

CALIBRATION

MANAGEMEN

CO., LTD

BiogasPressureGauge 2

PS‐002 (‐) Industry Standard 

BiogasPressureGauge 3

PS‐003 (C42823) Industry Standard 

BiogasPressureGauge 4

PS‐004 (‐) Industry Standard 

BiogasPressureGauge 5

PS‐005 (2670‐3L) Industry Standard 

BiogasPressureGauge 6(backup#1)

PS‐006 (‐) Industry Standard 

BiogasPressureGauge 7(backup#2)

PS‐007 (‐) Industry Standard 

BiogasPressureGauge 8(backup#3)

PS‐008 (‐) Industry Standard 

MethaneAnalyzer 1

MTA‐001 (91084) Industry Standard

Equipment Manual,

Standard Mass

n

o986682# and

Standard Gauges no

405156/405157#

12 months

Union

Instruments

GmbH

MethaneAnalyzer 2

MTA‐002 (90992) Industry Standard Equipment Manual, Standard Mass

n

o986682# and

12 months

Union

Instruments

GmbH
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment 

Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

Standard Gauges no

405156/405157#

WastewaterFlow Meter 1

WFM‐001 (6709230625) Industry Standard PED Standard 12 months ABB Limited 

COD Analyzer CA‐001 (1249249) Not specified ASTM E275 ASTM E925 12 months SPC Calibratio

Center Co., Lt

Digital Meter

(%RH,T_dry‐bulb,T_dewpoint)

DM‐001 (39504351) Not Specified

WI‐CA‐001‐L

Replace or

change

every

12 months

Entech Associa

Co., Ltd 

Digital Meter

(%RH,T_dry‐bulb,T_dewpoint)

DM‐002 (39504309) Not Specified Entech Associa

Co., Ltd 

ElectricityMeter 1

EM‐001 (003901628) Industry Standard NIST 12 months Schneider (Thailand)Co.,

ElectricityMeter 2

EM‐002 (0039014487) Industry Standard NIST 12 months Schneider (Thailand)Co.,

ElectricityMeter 3

EM‐003 (4981385) Industry Standard N/A N/A N/A 

ElectricityMeter 4

EM‐004 (0039026803) Industry Standard NIST 12 months Schneider (Thailand) Co

Ltd 

PEA ElectricityMeter (export)

PEA‐EM‐

001 (206500128) Industry Standard PEA’s standard N/A Provincial Electricity Authority 

PEA ElectricityMeter (import)

PEA‐EM‐

002 (207712457) Industry Standard PEA’s standard N/A Provincial Electricity Authority 
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment 

Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

Weight Scale 1(truck scale)

WS‐001 (0000362) Industry Standard The Weights and Measures Act. 24 months Department 

Weight and Measure

Table 4: Summary of monitoring parameters measured by accredited outsource laboratory

Monitored

Parameter

Monitoring

Methodology Items Monito

1. COD entering digester(CODy,ww,untreated)

2. COD leaving digester

(CODy,ww,dig.treated)

3. COD at final pond

(CODy,ww,treated)

Analyzed in

Accredited

Laboratory

Monitoring/ AnalyzingFrequency as per PDD

1. COD entering Digester me

2. COD leaving Digester mea

3. COD at final pond measure

Sampling and Analytical Method

Sampling method: 1060 B. CoAnalytical method: 5220 C. C

Referent Standard is standar

Water and Wastewater 20th 

Accredited Laboratory RegistrationNumber

Accredited laboratory registr

accredited by Department o

Laboratory Entity Victory Co., LtdLaboratory Equipment Certified by Prince of Songkla University
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment     CDM Monitoring Report

Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

    Page 21 of 40

    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

4. Delivered Emission Reduction

4.1. Fixed Values

Fixed values adopted for the calculation of CERs is summarized in the following table. These

parameters are consistent with section B.6.1 and B.6.2 in the CDM‐PDD.

Table 5: Summary of fixed parameters used in calculation  

Parameters PDD

Reference Sources Unit Figure

Maximum methane producing

capacity of the wastewater

Bo, ww IPCC default value   kgCH4/kgCOD 0.21

Global warming potential for

methane GWP_CH4 AMS‐III.H version 9 tCO2e/tCH4 21

Emission factor for thermal

energy generation using diesel   CO2EFfuel IPCC 2006 table 2.2 tCO2/TJ 74.1

Methane correction factor based

on type of treatment and

discharge pathway of the

wastewater

MCFww,final

AMS‐III.H,  

Table III.H.1 Fraction 0.2

Degradable organic content of

final sludge generated by the

wastewater treatment  

DOCm,s,final

IPCC default value

for industrial

sludge

Fraction 0.09

Methane correction factor of the

landfill that receives the final

sludge

MCFs,final

AMS‐III.H

(end‐use of sludge

is land application)

Fraction 0

Fraction of DOC dissimilated to

biogas DOCF IPCC default value Fraction 0.5

Fraction of CH4 in landfill gas F IPCC default value Fraction 0.5

Methane correction factor for the

wastewater treatment system of

the project activity equipped with

methane recovery

MCFww,j

AMS‐III.H,  

Table III.H.1 Fraction 1.0

Degradable organic content of

the untreated sludge generated DOCm,s,untreated

IPCC default value

for industrial

sludge

Fraction 0.09

Dissolved methane content in the

treated wastewater   [CH4]m,ww,treated AMS‐III.H Tonnes CH4/

m3 wastewater

0.0001

Methane correction factor for the

existing anaerobic wastewater

treatment system “open lagoon”

to which the sequential

anaerobic treatment step is being

introduced

MCFww,treatment

AMS‐III.H,  

Table III.H.1 Fraction 0.8

Lower Heating Value of CH4 LHVCH4 IPCC default value TJ/tonne CH4 50.4

Normalized density of CH4  ρCH4 IPCC default value Kg CH4/Nm3 CH4 0.7168

Grid Emission Factor EFm,grid PDD tCO2/MWh 0.448
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment 

Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

4.2. CDM Monitored Data (with correction)

Table 6: Monitored quantities of biogas generation and utilization in project activity (aggregated to monthly)

Monitored

Parameters

Quantity of biogas fed to

genset #1

Quantity of biogas fed to

genset #2

Quantity of biogas to

flare

Sources BFM‐002 BFM‐003 BFM‐004 

Synonyms FVm,GEN‐#1 FVm,GEN‐#2 FVm,FL 

Units Nm3/month (wet basis) Nm3/month (wet basis) Nm3/month (wet basis) 

Oct‐09 110,164{1} 0 

Nov‐09 285,898{1} 0 

Dec‐09 141,065 0 

Jan‐10 154,214 2,763 

Feb‐10 80,679 67,721 

Mar‐10 58,097{2} 233,839{2} 

Apr‐10 172,912{2} 108,938{2} 

Total/Avg. 1,033,030 413,261 

{1} Refers to quantity of biogas that was corrected from the reading of biogas flow meter at referent condition of normal con

Standard) to be the reading at referent condition of normal condition at 0O C and 101,325 Pa (Universal Standard)

{2} Refers to data monitored and recorded in paperless system
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment 

Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

Table 7: Monitored properties of biogas generation and utilization in project activity (aggregated to monthly)

Monitored

Parameters

Biogas Temperature Biogas 

biogas

recovered

from digester

biogas fed

to genset #1

biogas fed to

genset #2

biogas fed to

flare

biogas

recovered

from digester

biogas fed

to genset #1

Sources TS‐001 TS‐002 TS‐003 TS‐004 PS‐001 PS‐002 

Synonyms Tbiogas,REC Tbiogas,GEN#1 Tbiogas,GEN#2 Tbiogas,FL Pbiogas,REC Pbiogas,GEN#1 

Units Degree C Degree C Degree C Degree C mBar (gauge) mBar (gauge) 

Oct‐09 34 31 N/A N/A 47 13

Nov‐09 35 29 N/A N/A 53 13

Dec‐09 37 32 N/A N/A 49 13

Jan‐10 38 32 35 N/A 42 13

Feb‐10 41 33 34 N/A 40 13

Mar‐10 39 33{1} 33{1} N/A 40 13

Apr‐10 42 34{1} 34{1} N/A 40 11

Total/Avg. 38 32 34 N/A 44 130 

{1} Refers to data monitored and recorded in paperless system
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment 

Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

Table 8: Monitored properties of biogas generation and utilization in project activity (aggregated to monthly), 

Monitored

Parameters

Methane content in

biogas fed to genset #1 and genset #2

Condition of dried biogas after 

Dew point temperature of biogas 

Sources MTA‐002 DM‐001 

Synonyms fvCH4,GENs Tbiogas,dp 

Units %Nm3CH4/Nm3biogas (dry basis) Degree C 

Oct‐09 64.9% 10.5 

Nov‐09 66.6% 10.6 

Dec‐09 65.0% 11.3 

Jan‐10 64.0% 11.3 

Feb‐10 64.2% 13.1 

Mar‐10 65.3%{2} 13.5 

Apr‐10 65.8%{2} 13.5 

Total/Avg. 65.1% 12.0 

{1} Refers to data that used to estimate the mass fraction of H2O in the biogas leaving dehumidifying system{2} Refers to data monitored and recorded in paperless system
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment 

Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

Table 9: Monitored quantities and properties of wastewater in project activity (aggregated to monthly)

Monitored

Parameters

Quantity of wastewater fed

to digester

COD testing by Outsource Lab

COD entering digester COD leaving digester 

Sources WFM‐001 Outsource Outsource 

Synonyms Qm,ww CODm,ww,untreated CODm,ww,dig.treated 

Units m3/month mg/liter mg/liter 

Oct‐09 9,244 28,911 2,865 

Nov‐09 13,523 29,449 2,589 

Dec‐09 5,945 46,462 2,497 

Jan‐10 8,045 32,367 2,796 

Feb‐10 6,240 60,416 2,289 

Mar‐10 11,293{2} 52,000 2,467 

Apr‐10 11,310{2} 43,821 2,716 

Total/Avg 65,600 41,918 2,603 

{1} Missing COD value was estimated by using COD value measured in the following month{2} Refers to data monitored and recorded in paperless system
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment 

Project in Krabi Province, ThailandTable 10: Monitored quantities and properties of wastewater sludge removed (aggregated to monthly)

Monitored

Parameters

wastewater sludge removed

Quantity of sludge Moisture content COD of sludge removed Density o

remo

Sources WS‐001 Laboratory Laboratory Labor

Synonym Sm,final MCsludge COD sludge ρslu

Units t sludge /month kg H2O/kg sludge mg/liter tonnes slu

slud

Oct‐09  ‐  ‐  ‐ 

Nov‐09  ‐  ‐  ‐ 

Dec‐09  ‐  ‐  ‐ 

Jan‐10  ‐  ‐  ‐ 

Feb‐10  ‐  ‐  ‐ 

Mar‐10 807 78.4% 120,767 

Apr‐10 ‐ ‐ ‐ 

Total/Avg. 807 78.4% 120,767 

{1} receipt from truck transporter and photograph of sludge removed and disposed to palm oil plantation were collected as e
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment 

Project in Krabi Province, ThailandTable 11: Monitored amount of electricity displaced to grid and consumed in biogas facilities (aggregated to m

Monitored

Parameters Electricity displaced PEA grid

Electricity consumed in biog

Electricity generated from

biogas plant

Sources PEA‐EM‐001 EM‐004 

Synonym EGm,displaced EGm,power,consumed1 

Units kWh/month kWh/month 

Oct‐09 216,786 17,171 

Nov‐09 549,738 50,854 

Dec‐09 270,755 21,893 

Jan‐10 294,936 15,411 

Feb‐10 255,360 35,101 

Mar‐10 539,280 72,074 

Apr‐10 514,560 66,972 

Total/Avg. 2,641,415 279,476 
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Quality Starch Wastewater Treatment CDM Monitoring Report

Treatment Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

    Page 28 of 40

    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

4.3. Calculation of Emission Reduction  

Project Emission Reduction

  

Consistent with AMS‐III.H version 9.0 and AMS‐I.D version 13, emission reductions achieved during

this monitoring period can be calculated as:

ERm = ERm,ww + ERm,power

ERm = total emission reductions from project activity in month m (tCO2e/month)  

ERm,ww = emission reductions from wastewater treatment component in month m (tCO2e/month)

ERm, power = emission reduction from power generation component due to electricity displacement

in month m (tCO2e/month)

Emission Reductions from Wastewater Treatment Component (ERm,ww)

Emission reduction from wastewater treatment component (ERm,ww) is calculated as follow;

ERm,ww = MDm – PEm – Leakagem

• MDm

As described in paragraph 34 of AMS‐III.H version 9, the calculation of emission reductions in this

project activity is based on the amount of methane recovered and fuelled (MDfuelled,m) or flared

(MDflared,m) that is monitored ex‐post.  This is termed as MDm in this monitoring period and can be

calculated as follows:

MDm = MDfuelled, m + MDflared, m                                                   [eq.4]

Where;

MDm = baseline emission from amount of methane recovered and fuelled or flared in month

m (tCO2/month)

MDfuelled,m   = baseline emission from amount of methane recovered and fuelled in gensets in

month (tCO2/month)

MDflared,m   = baseline emission from amount of methane recovered and flared in month m

(tCO2/month)

Baseline emission from amount of methane recovered and fuelled in gensets (MDfuelled, m) is

calculated as follow;

MDfuelled, m = [FVGENs] x [fvCH4] x [ρCH4] x [GWP_CH4]                        [eq.5]

Where;

FVGENs = monitored quantity of biogas fed to gensets for electricity generation  

(Nm3 biogas)
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Quality Starch Wastewater Treatment CDM Monitoring Report

Treatment Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

    Page 29 of 40

    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

fvCH4 = monitored volumetric fraction of CH4 content in biogas (volume fraction)

ρCH4 = density of methane (tCH4/Nm3 CH4)

GWP_CH4 = global warming potential of methane (tCO2e/tCH4)

And, baseline emission from amount of methane recovered and flared is calculated as follow;   

MDfuelled, m = [FVFL] x [FEflare] x [fvCH4] x [ρCH4] x [GWP_CH4]                  [eq.6]

FVFL = monitored quantity of biogas fed to flare (Nm3 biogas)

FEflare = Flare efficiency (%)

fvCH4 = monitored volumetric fraction of CH4 content in biogas (volume fraction)

ρCH4 = density of methane (tCH4/Nm3 CH4)

GWP_CH4 = global warming potential of methane (tCO2e/tCH4)

• PEm

Project emissions from wastewater treatment component due to project activities are consisted

with;

PEm = PEm,power + PEm,ww,treated + PEm,s,final + PEm,fugitive + PEm,dissolved

PEm,power represents project emissions on account of electricity or diesel consumed by the project

activity. Since the project activity does not entail diesel consumption, PEm, power can be calculated as

follows:      

PEm,power = [EGm,consumed] x [EFm,consumed]                                             [eq.7]

Where;  

EGm, consumed = Quantity of electricity consumed by the project activity (MWh/year)

EFm,consumed   = Thailand’s grid emission factor (tCO2e/MWh)

PEm,ww,treated is the project emissions from degradable organic carbon in treated wastewater

discharged to lake/sea/river.  Although all treated wastewater is applied to land as liquid fertilizer

for internal palm plantations, it is anyway accounted for project emissions.  This is conservative.

PEm,ww,treated = [Qm,ww] x [GWP_CH4] x [Bo,ww] x [CODm,ww,treated] x [MCFww,final]        [eq.8]

Where;

Qm,ww   = monitored volume of wastewater treated in month m (m3 treated

wastewater/month)

GWP_CH4   = global warming potential of methane (tCO2e/tCH4)  

Bo,ww    = methane producing capacity of the wastewater (kgCH4/kgCOD)  

CODm,ww,treated   = chemical oxygen demand of final treated wastewater in month m (tCOD/m3

treated wastewater)  

MCFww,final   = methane correction factor for discharge of wastewater (fraction)
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Quality Starch Wastewater Treatment CDM Monitoring Report

Treatment Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

    Page 30 of 40

    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

Project emissions from the anaerobic decay of the final sludge generated in the wastewater are

notated as PEm,s,final. Srijaroen removed wastewater sludge during March 2010 from its secondary

treatment open lagoon system. Removed sludge was directly distributed to Srijaroen’s palm

plantations to be used for soil application as fertilizer. The receipts of the hired entities to

transport and distribute the removed sludge are kept on‐site to substantiate the same. With the

application of removed sludge to plantation, the methane correction factor is appropriately

estimated as “Zero”. Therefore, PEm, s final is taken as “Zero”. The following equation is used to

estimate project emission on the account of sludge removed.

PEm, s, final = Sm,final x DOCm,s,final x MCFm,s,final x DOCF x F x (16/12) x GWP_CH4         [eq.9]

   

Where;

PEm,s,final = methane emissions from the anaerobic decay of the final sludge generated in

the wastewater system in the month m (tCO2e)

Sm,final = amount of final sludge generated by the wastewater treatment in month m

(tonnes sludge)    

DOCm,s,final = degradable organic content of the final sludge generated by the wastewater

treatment in month m (fraction)

MCFs,final methane correction factor of the landfill that receives the final sludge in month

m (fraction)

DOCF = fraction of DOC dissimilated to biogas (fraction)

F = fraction of CH4 in landfill gas (fraction)

GWP_CH4 = global warming potential of CH4 (tCO2e/tCH4)

   

PEm,fugitive,ww represents fugitive emissions through capture and utilization/combustion/flare

inefficiencies in the anaerobic wastewater treatment.  It can be determined as follows:  

PEm, fugitive = PEm,fugitive,ww = [1‐CFEww] x [Qyww x Bo,ww x Σ(CODm,removed,j x MCFww,j)] x [GWP_CH4]  [eq.10]

Where;

PEm,fugitive,ww = fugitive emissions through capture and utilization/combustion/flare

inefficiencies in the anaerobic wastewater treatment system in month m

(tCO2/month)

CFEww,flare    = combustion efficiency of flare (fraction)

FVFL     = quantity of biogas that is flared (Nm3 biogas, wet basis)

fvCH4 = monitored volumetric fraction of CH4 content in biogas (volume fraction, dry

basis)

ρCH4    = density of methane (tCH4/Nm3 CH4)

GWP_CH4   = global warming potential of methane (tCO2e/tCH4)

     

Project emissions from dissolved methane in treated wastewater are expressed as PEm,dissolved. It

can be determined as follows:

PEm,dissolved = [Qm,ww]x [CH4m,ww,treated] x [GWP_CH4]                                  [eq.11]
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Quality Starch Wastewater Treatment CDM Monitoring Report

Treatment Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

    Page 31 of 40

    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

Where;  

Qm,ww   = monitored volume of wastewater treated in month m (m3 treated

wastewater/month)

[CH4]m,ww,treated   = dissolved methane content in the treated wastewater (tonnes CH4/m3 treated

wastewater)  

GWP_CH4   = global warming potential of methane (tCO2e/tCH4)  

Remark: Default value of dissolved methane content, [CH4]m,ww,treated, in the treated wastewater at

0.0001 tonnes CH4/m3 treated wastewater is applied, regarding to AMS‐III.H version 9.

• Leakagem

Leakagem is the leakage emissions from the transfer of equipment(s) to or from another activity.  

This is not applicable for the Project, thus Leakage is considered to be “Zero”.

Emission reductions from wastewater treatment component due to project activity (ERm,ww)

calculated in accordance with Equation [4] to [11] are summarized in table below.  

Table 12: Emission reductions from wastewater treatment component in project activity

DATE

MDm PEm,power PEm,ww,treated PEm,s,final PEm,fugitive PEm,dissolved ERm,ww

[tCO2/m] [tCO2/m] [tCO2/m] [tCO2/m] [tCO2/m] [tCO2/m] [tCO2/m]

OCT 09 1,063 0 11 0 106 19 926

NOV 09 2,829 0 16 0 160 28 2,625

DEC 10 1,363 4 7 0 115 12 1,225

JAN 10 1,493 1 10 0 105 17 1,359

FEB 10 1,413 7 9 0 160 13 1,223

MAR 10 2,829 0 18 0 247 24 2,541

APR 10 2,753 0 16 0 205 24 2,507

TOTAL 13,742 13 87 0 1,098 138 12,406
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Quality Starch Wastewater Treatment CDM Monitoring Report

Treatment Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

    Page 32 of 40

    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

Emission Reductions from Power Generation Component (ERm,power)

ERm,power is emission reductions from the displacement grid electricity by electricity generated from

the project activity. ERm,power is calculated by multiplying the KWh of displaced grid electricity with

grid emission factor. Combined margin (CM) grid emission factor is calculated according to the

“Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system”.   Mathematically, the calculation of

ERm, power is expressed as follows:  

ERm, power = EGm, displaced x EFm,grid

Where;  

EGm,displaced = quantity of grid electricity that would be displaced by the project activity

(MWh/month)

EFm,grid     = Thailand’s grid emission factor (tCO2e/MWh)

Emission reductions from power generation component due to the displacement grid electricity by

electricity generated from the project activity (ERm,power) calculated in accordance with Equation

above are summarized in table below.  

Table 13: Emission reductions from power generation component in the project activity

DATE

ERm,power

[tCO2/m]

OCT 09 97

NOV 09 246

DEC 10 121

JAN 10 132

FEB 10 114

MAR 10 242

APR 10 231

TOTAL 1,183
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Quality Starch Wastewater Treatment CDM Monitoring Report

Treatment Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

    Page 33 of 40

    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

Total Emission Reductions

  

Consistent with AMS‐III.H version 9.0 and AMS‐I.D version 13, emission reductions achieved during

this monitoring period can be calculated from the summation of emission reduction from

wastewater treatment component (ERm,ww) and emission reductions from power generation

component, which expressed as below;

ERm = ERm,ww + ERm,power

Table 14: Summary results of emission reductions from project activity

DATE

EGm,ww ERm,power ERm

[MWh/m] [tCO2/month] [tCO2/month]

OCT 09 926 97 1,023

NOV 09 2,625 246 2,871

DEC 10 1,225 121 1,346

JAN 10 1,359 132 1,491

FEB 10 1,223 114 1,337

MAR 10 2,541 242 2,782

APR 10 2,507 231 2,738

TOTAL 12,406 1,183 13,589

4.4. Summary of Emission Reduction

Emission reductions achieved from the implementation and operation of a new anaerobic digester

with methane recovery and utilization system by Srijaroen during October 16, 2009 to April 30,

2010 is 13,589 t CO2e.

5. Comparison of the actual CERs claimed in the monitoring period with the estimated in the

registered PDD  

The actual CERs generated in this monitoring period is higher than CERs estimated ex‐ante in PDD, by

22.4%1

, when the result for the 6.5 month monitoring period was extrapolated to compare on an annual

basis. This was due to the greater‐than‐expected biogas recovery under phase 1 (1MW). As biogas

generation is a function of various factors, such as wastewater volume, COD load, and ambient

temperature, it is thought that there are multiple reasons for this result. Indeed, the actual monthly

wastewater volume fluctuated between 5,945 m3 and 13,523 m3 as opposed to approximately 10,800

m3

/month (360m3/day) in the registered PDD, and the actual inlet COD level fluctuated between 28,911

mg/L and 60,416 mg/L as opposed to 55,000 mg/L in the registered PDD. In addition, there is a

difference stemming from the method of CER computation. Whereas the methodology requires the CER

calculations to be based on the monitored amount of methane captured and destroyed, the ex‐ante

estimate relies on a theoretical calculation involving factors such as Bo and MCF.  

 

1 Based on 163 / 300 working days rather than 196 / 365 calendar days
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Quality Starch Wastewater Treatment CDM Monitoring Report

Treatment Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

    Page 34 of 40

    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

It is noted for transparency that even with the increase in biogas capture, there is no adverse effect on

the additionality as established in the registered PDD, as even with this increase in biogas capture, the

Project’s IRR remains unchanged and below the benchmark. A reason for this is that despite there being

more biogas than expected, there was 10% less net power generation (the sole source of income for the

Project), because the power generation efficiency was much less than expected.
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Quality Starch Wastewater Treatment CDM Monitoring Report

Treatment Project in Krabi Province, Thailand

    Page 35 of 40

    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

APPENDIX I

Unit conversion of biogas stream ‐ from volume to mass flow rate

To calculate emission reductions from the Project, total biogas produced from digester (FVm,REC), biogas

flow rate fed to gensets (FVm,GEN,),  biogas flow rate fed to flare (FVm,FL) and methane content in biogas

(fvCH4) are to be measured and monitored in the same basis, either as wet or dry. At Srijaroen project,

methane content in biogas (fvCH4) is measured on a dry basis through methane analyzers installed at the

positions after wet scrubber (MTA‐001) and after the de‐humidity system (MTA‐002).  By contrast, the

biogas flow rate is measured on a wet basis (as flow measurement of a wet stream is not possible under

a dry basis). To ensure accuracy in the calculation, “Tool to determine mass flow rate of greenhouse gas

in gaseous stream” (hereafter referred as “the Tool”) is applied to convert the fraction of methane

content in biogas from dry to wet basis. It is noted that the registered PDD preceded the publication of

the Tool. Nonetheless, “the Tool” is applied to ensure conservativeness of the Project.

The following equations are used for the calculation of total methane mass flow.

The mass flow rate of greenhouse gas (Fi,t) is determined as follows;  

Fi,t = Vt,wb x vi,y,wb x ρi,t

with            ρi,t   = Pt x MMi

                            Ru x Tt

Where;

Fi,t   = Mass flow rate of greenhouse gas i in the gaseous stream in the time interval t (kg

gas/h)

Vt,wb   = Volumetric flow rate of gaseous stream in actual conditions (Pt, Tt) in the time interval

t on a wet basis (m3 wet gas/h)

ρi,t   = Density of greenhouse gas i in the gaseous stream in actual conditions (Pt, Tt) in time

interval t (kg gas i/m3 dry gas)

vi,t,wb   = Volumetric fraction of greenhouse gas i in the gaseous stream in a time interval t on a

dry or wet basis (m3 gas i/m3 dry gas)

Pt   = Absolute pressure of the gaseous stream in time interval t (Pa)

MMi = Molecular mass of greenhouse gas i (kg/kmol)

Ru   = Universal ideal gases constant (8314 Pa.m3

/kmol.K)

Tt   = Temperature of the gaseous stream in time interval t (K)

The volumetric fraction of the gaseous stream in time interval t on a wet basis (vi,t,wb) is determined by

converting the fraction of methane content in biogas dry basis to wet basis as follows

vi,t,wb = vi,t,db /(1 +vH2O,t,db)

Where;

vi,t,wb   = Volumetric fraction of the gaseous stream in time interval t on a wet basis (m3 gas i/m3

wet gas)
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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

vi,t,db   = Volumetric fraction of the gaseous stream in time interval t on a dry basis (m3 gas i/m3

dry gas)  

vH2O,t,db    = Volumetric fraction of H2O in the gaseous stream in time interval t on a dry basis (m3

H2O/m3 dry gas)

The volumetric fraction of H2O in time interval t on a dry basis (vH2O,t,db) should be estimated as per the

procedure provided below.

vH2O,t,db = mH2O,t,db x MMt,db

                    MMH2O

Where;  

vH2O,t,db   = Volumetric fraction of H2O in the gaseous stream in time interval t on a dry basis (m3

H2O / m3 dry gas)

mH2O,t,db = Mass fraction of H2O in the gaseous stream in time interval t on a dry basis (kg H2O /

kg dry gas)

MMt,db   = Molecular mass of the gaseous stream in time interval t on a dry basis (kg dry gas / k

mol dry gas)

MMH2O   = Molecular mass of H2O (kg H2O/kmol H2O)

And MMt,db is determined as follows:

MMt,db = ΣK(vk,t,db x MMk)

Where;

MMt,db   = Molecular mass of the gaseous stream in time interval t on a dry basis (kg dry gas /

kmol dry gas)

vk,t,db   = Volumetric fraction of gas k in the gaseous stream in time interval t on a dry basis (m3

gas k / m3 dry gas)

MMk   = Molecular mass of gas k (kg / kmol)

k   = All gases contained in the gaseous stream (e.g. N2, CO2, O2, CO, H2, CH4, N2O, NO, NO2,

SO2, SF6 and PFCs)   

The mass fraction of water in time interval t on a dry basis (mH2O,t,db) can be determined using one of the

following two options.   

Option 1:  Measurement of the moisture content in gaseous stream  

Option 2:  Simplified calculation without any measurements of the moisture content

In this monitoring period, the generated biogas is sent to biogas gensets for electricity generation. Mass

fraction of H2O (mH2O,t,db) in biogas fed to gensets was calculated from the measurement of (a) absolute

pressure of biogas and (b) Dew point temperature of biogas leaving dehumidity system, which were

measured by a pressure gauge (PS‐005) and a digital meter (DM‐001), respectively. Therefore, Option 1

is applied to calculate the moisture content in biogas stream that is fed to gensets.  
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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

Option 1: Measurement of the moisture content

This option provides a procedure to determine the mass fraction of H2O in the gaseous stream from

measurements of the moisture content of the gas. The moisture content in the gaseous stream should

be measured according to the USEPA CF42 method 4 and then converted to the mass fraction of H2O in

the gaseous stream in time interval t on a dry basis (mH2O,t,db) as follows:

mH2O,t,db  =   [CH2O,t,db,n      ].

                  [106

] x [ρt,db,n]

Where;  

mH2O,t,db = mass fraction of H2O in the gaseous stream in time interval t on a dry basis (kgH2O/kg dry gas)

CH2O,t,db,n= moisture content of gaseous stream, according to the USEPA CF42 method 4, at normal

conditions in time interval t (mg H2O/m3 dry gas)

ρt,db,n = density of the gaseous stream in time interval t on dry basis at normal conditions (kg dry

gas/m3 dry gas)

Nevertheless, Srijaroen has been measuring the following parameters in the biogas stream that is

leaving the dehumidifying system;  

(a) Absolute pressure of biogas stream (kPa)

(b) Dew point temperature of biogas stream (Degree C)

These monitored parameters can be theoretically used to estimate the mass fraction of H2O in the

gaseous stream in time interval t on a dry basis (mH2O,t,db) by using a psychometric calculation as

follows;

mH2O,t,db = Humidity Ratio = 0.622 x          Pdewpoint        .

                                  (Pbiogas – Pdewpoint)

Partial pressure of H2O in vapor phase at dew point temperature can be determined by the following

equation;

Pdewpoint = Pwet  ‐ (Pbiogas – Pwet) x (Tdry – Twet)

       [1,555.56 – 0.722 x Twet]   

Or

                   Pdewpoint = Psat@T_dewpoint  

Where;

Pdewpoint  = partial pressure of H2O in vapor phase at dew point temperature of biogas stream (kPa)

Pbiogas   = absolute pressure of biogas stream (kPa)

Pwet = saturation pressure of H2O in vapor phase at wet‐bulb temperature of biogas stream (kPa)

Tdry   = dry‐bulb temperature of biogas stream (Degree C)

Twet = wet‐bulb temperature of biogas stream (Degree C)

Tdewpoint = dew point temperature of biogas stream (Degree C)
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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

Psat@T_dewpoint = saturation pressure of H2O in vapor phase at dew point temperature of biogas stream

(kPa), which is determined from a thermodynamics saturated water‐temperature table

Option 2:  Simplified calculation without any measurements of the moisture content

This option does not require measuring the moisture content of the gas but provides a simple and

conservative approach to determine the absolute humidity of the gaseous stream.  It is assumed that

the gas is saturated with H2O or that no H2O is in the gas, whichever is more conservative in the context

of the underlying methodology.

If it is conservative to assume that no H2O in vapor phase is in the gaseous stream, assume mH2O,t,db = 0.  

If it is conservative to assume that the gaseous stream is saturated with H2O, determine mH2O,t,db as

follows:   

mH2O,t,db,Sat = .    pH2O,t,Sat x MMH2O       .

                              (Pt – pH2O,t,Sat) x MMt,db

Where:

mH2O,t,db,sat = Saturation absolute humidity in time interval tonne a dry basis (kg H2O/kg dry gas)

pH20,t,Sat = Saturation pressure of H2O at temperature Tt (Pa)

Tt   = Temperature of the gaseous stream in time interval t (K)

Pt = Absolute pressure of the gaseous stream in time interval t (Pa)

MMH2O = Molecular mass of H2O (kg H2O/kmol H2O)

MMt,db   = Molecular mass of the gaseous stream in a time interval t on a dry basis (kg dry gas /

kmol dry gas)

For the case of baseline emission calculation of this project, the most conservative value is to assumed

that mH2O,t,db,sat = [pH2O,t,Sat x MMH2O]/[(Pt – pH2O,t,Sat) x MMt,db]. In the other hand, for project emission

calculation, it is conservative to assumed that mH2O,t,db,sat = 0.

The following equation should be used to convert the volumetric flow of the gaseous stream from actual

conditions to normal conditions of temperature and pressure:

Vt,wb,n = Vt,wb x [(273.15/Tt) x (Pt/101325)]

The results of such a conversion are presented in the following tables.
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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

Conditions of biogas generated and utilized in the project  

Monitored

Period

Actual condition of biogas at biogas flow meters

Ref.Condition at Normal

Condition

Biogas recovered

from Digester Biogas fed to Gen #1 Biogas fed to Gen #2 All meter

Temp.

(C )

Press.Abs

(Pa)

Temp.

(C )

Press.Abs

(Pa)

Temp.

(C )

Press.Abs

(Pa)

Temp.

(C ) Press.Abs (Pa)

OCT 2009 34 106,030 31 114,471  ‐  ‐  21 101,325

NOV 2009 35 106,622 29 114,455  ‐  ‐  21 101,325

DEC 2009 37 106,196 32 114,549  ‐  ‐  0{1} 101,325

JAN 2010 38 105,545 32 114,610 35 113,925 0 101,325

FEB 2010 41 105,330 35 114,650 34 113,375 0 101,325

MAR 2010 39 105,341 34{2} 114,639 33{2} 112,825 0 101,325

APR 2010 42 105,296 32{2} 112,947 35{2} 113,968 0 101,325

{1} Referent condition at normal condition of biogas flow meters was reset by its supplier on December 1, 2009

{2} Refers to data monitored and recorded in paperless system

Conversion of biogas flow rate from monitored values in normalized (Nm3) to actual (m3) cubic meter

Monitored

Period

Monitored data of biogas flow rate in Nm3 Conversion of biogas flow rate from Nm3 to m3

Biogas

recovered

Biogas fed to

GEN#1

Biogas fed to

GEN#2

Biogas

recovered

Biogas fed

to GEN#1

Biogas fed to

GEN#2

Nm3  

(wet basis)

Nm3  

(wet basis)

Nm3

(wet basis)

m3

(wet basis)

m3

  

(wet basis)

m3

(wet basis)

OCT 2009 (126,023)

{3}

117,026{4}

(118,634) {3}

110,164{4} 0 125,620 108,610 0

NOV 2009 (329,504) {3}

305,980{4}

(307,878) {3}

285,898{4} 0 327,900 280,203 0

DEC 2009 154,131 141,065 0 167,395 139,232 0

JAN 2010 162,115 157,628 2,763 177,361 152,176 2,772

FEB 2010 151,735 80,679 67,721 168,041 80,036 68,137

MAR 2010 304,420{2} 58,097{2} 233,839{2} 328,467 57,602 235,606

APR 2010 288,860{2} 172,912{2} 108,938{2} 312,375 174,322 100,856

{3} readings of biogas flow meters at referent condition of normal condition at 21 C and 101,325 Pa (USA standard)

{4} corrected readings of biogas flow meters at referent condition of normal condition at 0 C and 101,325 Pa

(Universal standard)
Srijaroen Palm Oil Wastewater Quality Starch Wastewater Treatment CDM Monitoring Report

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    Report Version 1.1: June 22, 2010

Conversion of monitored CH4 content in biogas from dry to wet basis

Monitored

Period

CH4 content in biogas fed to genset #1 and genset #2 (fvCH4,GENs)

Monitored values (fvCH4,GENs) Calculated fvCH4,GENs used in baseline

calculation

(% dry basis) (% wet basis)

OCT 2009 64.9% 64.3%

NOV 2009 66.6% 66.0%

DEC 2009 65.0% 64.4%

JAN 2010 64.0% 63.4%

FEB 2010 64.2% 63.5%

MAR 2010 65.3%{1} 64.6%

APR 2010 65.8%{1} 65.1%

{1} Refers to data monitored and recorded in paperless system

Mass flow rate of CH4

Monitored

Period

Density of CH4 at actual condition

ρCH4, GEN #1  ρCH4, GEN #2

(kg CH4/m3 CH4) (kg CH4/m3 CH4)

OCT 2009 0.724 0.0

NOV 2009 0.728 0.0

DEC 20091 0.723 0.0

JAN 2010 0.723 0.711

FEB 2010 0.720 0.710

MAR 2010 0.720 0.709

APR 2010 0.708 0.714