Health Risk and Exposure Assessment 

for Ozone 

Final Report 

Chapter 6 Appendices 

 
This page left intentionally blank 
 

EPA-452/R-14-004d 

August 2014 

Health Risk and Exposure Assessment for Ozone 

Final Report 

Chapter 6 Appendices

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Office of Air and Radiation 

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards 

Health and Environmental Impacts Division 

Risk and Benefits Group 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 

 
DISCLAIMER

This final document has been prepared by staff from the Risk and Benefits Group, Health 

and Environmental Impacts Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency. Any findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do 

not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. 

 

Questions related to this document should be addressed to Dr. Bryan Hubbell, U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, C539-07, 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 (email: hubbell.bryan@epa.gov). 
CHAPTER 6 APPENDICES 

 Title Pages 

APPENDIX 6A: Probabilistic Population Exposure-Response 

Relationships 

(6A-1 to 6A-5)

APPENDIX 6B: Lung Function Risk Estimates Based on the MSS 

Model 

(6B-1 to 6B-45)

APPENDIX 6C: Comparison of E-R Function Risk Results With the 

2007 Review 

(6C-1 to 6C-1)

APPENDIX 6D: Comparison of the MSS Model with Results from 

a Clinical Study with Children Ages 8-11 

(6D-1 to 6D-5)

APPENDIX 6E: Factors Related to Age (6E-1 to 6E-19)

APPENDIX 6F: Comparison of APEX Simulation Results Using 

Monitors and Tracts Air Quality 

(6F-1 to 6F-1)

 
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6A-i 

APPENDIX 6A 

Probabilistic Population Exposure-Response Relationships 

List of Tables 

Table 6A-1. Probabilistic Exposure-Response Relationships for FEV1 Decrement ≥ 10%, ≥

15%, and ≥ 20% for 6.6-Hour Exposures at Moderate Exertion with Functional 

Mix of 90% Logistic and 10% Linear Form, Ages 18-35. ............................... 6A-4

List of Figures 

Figure 6A-1. Probabilistic Exposure-Response Relationships for FEV1 Decrement ≥ 10% for 

8-Hour Exposures at Moderate Exertion, Ages 18-35. Values associated with 

data points are the number of subject-exposures at each exposure 

concentration. .................................................................................................... 6A-1

Figure 6A-2. Probabilistic Exposure-Response Relationships for FEV1 Decrement ≥ 15% for 

8-Hour Exposures At Moderate Exertion, Ages 18-35. Values associated with 

data points are the number of subject-exposures at each exposure 

concentration. .................................................................................................... 6A-2

Figure 6A-3. Probabilistic Exposure-Response Relationships for FEV1 Decrement ≥ 20% for 

8-Hour Exposures At Moderate Exertion, Ages 18-35. Values associated with 

data points are the number of subject-exposures at each exposure 

concentration. .................................................................................................... 6A-3
6A-1 

 This Appendix shows the probabilistic exposure-response relationships for lung function 

decrements associated with 8-hour O3 exposures occurring at moderate exertion. The 2.5th

percentile, median (50th percentile), and 97.5th percentile exposure-response functions for 

changes in FEV1 > 10%, > 15% and > 20% are shown in Figures 6A-1 through 6A-3, along with 

the response data to which they were fit. The values of the function are provided in Table 6A-1. 

Figure 6A-1. Probabilistic Exposure-Response Relationships for FEV Decrement ≥ 10% 

for 8-Hour Exposures at Moderate Exertion, Ages 18-35. Values associated with data 

points are the number of subject-exposures at each exposure concentration. 

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16

Response Rate (%)

Ozone Exposure (ppm)

97.5th Pctl (FEV1≥10%)

Median (FEV1≥10%)

2.5th Pctl (FEV1≥10%)

Data for FEV1≥10%

60 150

31 331

32

31

90

Functional form mix:

90% logistic &

10% linear
6A-2 

Figure 6A-2. Probabilistic Exposure-Response Relationships for FEV1 Decrement ≥ 15% 

for 8-Hour Exposures At Moderate Exertion, Ages 18-35. Values associated with data 

points are the number of subject-exposures at each exposure concentration. 

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16

Response Rate (%)

Ozone Exposure (ppm)

97.5th Pctl (FEV1≥15%)

Median (FEV1≥15%)

2.5th Pctl (FEV1≥15%)

Data for FEV1≥15%

32

60

150

31 331

31

90

Functional form mix:

90% logistic &

10% linear
6A-3 

Figure 6A-3. Probabilistic Exposure-Response Relationships for FEV1 Decrement ≥ 20% 

for 8-Hour Exposures At Moderate Exertion, Ages 18-35. Values associated with data 

points are the number of subject-exposures at each exposure concentration. 

 

 

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16

Response Rate (%)

Ozone Exposure (ppm)

97.5th Pctl (FEV1≥20%)

Median (FEV1≥20%)

2.5th Pctl (FEV1≥20%)

Data for FEV1≥20%

60 150

31

32

31

90

331

Functional form mix:

90% logistic &

10% linear
6A-4 

Table 6A-1. Probabilistic Exposure-Response Relationships for FEV1 Decrement ≥ 10%, ≥

15%, and ≥ 20% for 6.6-Hour Exposures at Moderate Exertion with Functional Mix of 

90% Logistic and 10% Linear Form, Ages 18-35. 

O3

(ppm) 

> 10% > 15% > 20%

2.5% median 97.5% 2.5% median 97.5% 2.5% median 97.5%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.005 0 0.0008 0.0018 0 0.0001 0.0002 0 0 0.0001

0.01 0 0.0019 0.0041 0 0.0002 0.0006 0 0 0.0002

0.015 0 0.0035 0.0070 0 0.0004 0.0010 0 0.0001 0.0003

0.02 0 0.0056 0.0106 0 0.0007 0.0017 0 0.0001 0.0006

0.025 0 0.0084 0.0153 0 0.0011 0.0027 0 0.0002 0.0009

0.03 0 0.0123 0.0213 0 0.0018 0.0041 0 0.0003 0.0015

0.035 0 0.0176 0.0289 0 0.0029 0.0060 0 0.0006 0.0023

0.04 0.0095 0.0249 0.0389 0 0.0045 0.0088 0 0.0011 0.0036

0.045 0.0225 0.0362 0.0550 0 0.0070 0.0129 0 0.0019 0.0055

0.05 0.0325 0.0495 0.0848 0 0.0109 0.0188 0 0.0033 0.0084

0.055 0.0464 0.0665 0.1168 0 0.0167 0.0270 0 0.0060 0.0150

0.06 0.0653 0.0883 0.1492 0.0152 0.0260 0.0393 0.0052 0.0108 0.0383

0.065 0.0901 0.1160 0.1818 0.0271 0.0404 0.0609 0.0099 0.0180 0.0635

0.07 0.1213 0.1497 0.2146 0.0427 0.0595 0.0906 0.0180 0.0296 0.0887

0.075 0.1586 0.1905 0.2475 0.0647 0.0860 0.1223 0.0312 0.0476 0.1147

0.08 0.2010 0.2378 0.2835 0.0934 0.1212 0.1577 0.0508 0.0738 0.1404

0.085 0.2473 0.2894 0.3319 0.1287 0.1642 0.2018 0.0765 0.1083 0.1675

0.09 0.2951 0.3415 0.3907 0.1700 0.2115 0.2590 0.1069 0.1482 0.1981

0.095 0.3428 0.3948 0.4511 0.2121 0.2614 0.3181 0.1388 0.1879 0.2376

0.1 0.3825 0.4474 0.5079 0.2479 0.3116 0.3747 0.1703 0.2219 0.2762

0.105 0.4178 0.4961 0.5604 0.2810 0.3560 0.4242 0.1954 0.2493 0.3055

0.11 0.4496 0.5393 0.6089 0.3099 0.3922 0.4656 0.2134 0.2704 0.3277

0.115 0.4796 0.5756 0.6520 0.3349 0.4199 0.4990 0.2245 0.2853 0.3462

0.12 0.5080 0.6055 0.6921 0.3569 0.4408 0.5242 0.2299 0.2952 0.3650

0.125 0.5319 0.6292 0.7273 0.3737 0.4567 0.5439 0.2340 0.3012 0.3859

0.13 0.5517 0.6477 0.7557 0.3838 0.4695 0.5581 0.2362 0.3047 0.4082

0.135 0.5637 0.6639 0.7819 0.3895 0.4789 0.5677 0.2368 0.3068 0.4346

0.14 0.5715 0.6774 0.8026 0.3920 0.4867 0.5784 0.2373 0.3082 0.4603

0.145 0.5757 0.6893 0.8209 0.3934 0.4912 0.5957 0.2375 0.3089 0.4868

0.15 0.5786 0.6999 0.8356 0.3945 0.4941 0.6166 0.2378 0.3093 0.5138

0.155 0.5805 0.7084 0.8467 0.3951 0.4959 0.6449 0.2379 0.3096 0.5406

0.16 0.5819 0.7133 0.8603 0.3955 0.4968 0.6749 0.2379 0.3097 0.5668

 
6A-5 

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6B-i 

APPENDIX 6B 

Lung Function Risk Estimates Based on the MSS Model 

List of Tables 

Table 6B-1. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Atlanta. ..................................................................................................... 6B-1

Table 6B-2. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Baltimore. ................................................................................................. 6B-2

Table 6B-3. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Boston. ..................................................................................................... 6B-3

Table 6B-4. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Chicago. ................................................................................................... 6B-4

Table 6B-5. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Cleveland. ................................................................................................ 6B-5

Table 6B-6. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Dallas. ...................................................................................................... 6B-6

Table 6B-7. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Denver. ..................................................................................................... 6B-7

Table 6B-8. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Detroit. ..................................................................................................... 6B-8

Table 6B-9. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Houston. ................................................................................................... 6B-9

Table 6B-10. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study area=Los 

Angeles. .......................................................................................................... 6B-10

Table 6B-11. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=New York. .............................................................................................. 6B-11

Table 6B-12. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Philadelphia. ........................................................................................... 6B-12

Table 6B-13. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Sacramento. ............................................................................................ 6B-13

Table 6B-14. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study area=St. 

Louis. .............................................................................................................. 6B-14

Table 6B-15. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Washington, DC. .................................................................................... 6B-15

Table 6B-16. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Atlanta. ................................................................................................... 6B-16

Table 6B-17. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Baltimore. ............................................................................................... 6B-17
6B-ii 

Table 6B-18. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Boston. ................................................................................................... 6B-18

Table 6B-19. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Chicago. ................................................................................................. 6B-19

Table 6B-20. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Cleveland. .............................................................................................. 6B-20

Table 6B-21. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Dallas. .................................................................................................... 6B-21

Table 6B-22. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Denver. ................................................................................................... 6B-22

Table 6B-23. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Detroit. ................................................................................................... 6B-23

Table 6B-24. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Houston. ................................................................................................. 6B-24

Table 6B-25. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study area=Los 

Angeles. .......................................................................................................... 6B-25

Table 6B-26. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=New York. .............................................................................................. 6B-26

Table 6B-27. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Philadelphia. ........................................................................................... 6B-27

Table 6B-28. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Sacramento. ............................................................................................ 6B-28

Table 6B-29. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study area=St. 

Louis. .............................................................................................................. 6B-29

Table 6B-30. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Washington, DC. .................................................................................... 6B-30

Table 6B-31. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Atlanta. ................................................................................................... 6B-31

Table 6B-32. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Baltimore. ............................................................................................... 6B-32

Table 6B-33. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Boston. ................................................................................................... 6B-33

Table 6B-34. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Chicago. ................................................................................................. 6B-34

Table 6B-35. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Cleveland. .............................................................................................. 6B-35

Table 6B-36. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Dallas. .................................................................................................... 6B-36

Table 6B-37. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Denver. ................................................................................................... 6B-37

Table 6B-38. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Detroit. ................................................................................................... 6B-38

Table 6B-39. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Houston. ................................................................................................. 6B-39

Table 6B-40. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Los Angeles. .......................................................................................... 6B-40
6B-iii 

Table 6B-41. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=New York. .............................................................................................. 6B-41

Table 6B-42. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Philadelphia. ........................................................................................... 6B-42

Table 6B-43. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Sacramento. ............................................................................................ 6B-43

Table 6B-44. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=St. Louis. ................................................................................................ 6B-44

Table 6B-45. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Washington, DC. .................................................................................... 6B-45
6B-1 

Table 6B-1. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Atlanta.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 10.05% 1.66% 0.47% 2.66% 0.32% 0.07% 0.61% 0.03% 0.00%

2006 65 (06-08) 13.22% 2.75% 0.87% 3.62% 0.55% 0.13% 0.87% 0.06% 0.00%

2006 70 (06-08) 15.85% 3.80% 1.36% 4.52% 0.84% 0.19% 1.16% 0.08% 0.01%

2006 75 (06-08) 19.21% 5.29% 2.05% 5.77% 1.24% 0.34% 1.56% 0.15% 0.02%

2006 base 30.77% 11.72% 5.76% 10.76% 2.92% 1.22% 3.57% 0.50% 0.13%

2007 60 (06-08) 9.98% 1.77% 0.51% 2.59% 0.36% 0.07% 0.54% 0.01% 0.00%

2007 65 (06-08) 13.13% 2.72% 0.90% 3.60% 0.57% 0.14% 0.81% 0.05% 0.00%

2007 70 (06-08) 15.77% 3.80% 1.34% 4.47% 0.76% 0.22% 1.12% 0.08% 0.01%

2007 75 (06-08) 18.99% 5.18% 2.09% 5.73% 1.13% 0.34% 1.51% 0.12% 0.01%

2007 base 30.20% 11.32% 5.48% 10.65% 2.88% 1.13% 3.32% 0.47% 0.09%

2008 60 (06-08) 7.03% 0.90% 0.20% 1.85% 0.23% 0.05% 0.41% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 60 (08-10) 9.77% 1.70% 0.45% 2.59% 0.38% 0.09% 0.60% 0.04% 0.00%

2008 65 (06-08) 9.09% 1.51% 0.36% 2.44% 0.34% 0.08% 0.56% 0.04% 0.00%

2008 65 (08-10) 12.17% 2.48% 0.83% 3.40% 0.54% 0.14% 0.76% 0.07% 0.01%

2008 70 (06-08) 11.00% 2.09% 0.61% 3.01% 0.45% 0.12% 0.68% 0.06% 0.01%

2008 70 (08-10) 15.41% 3.76% 1.40% 4.56% 0.79% 0.24% 1.07% 0.10% 0.02%

2008 75 (06-08) 13.36% 2.97% 1.03% 3.81% 0.64% 0.19% 0.87% 0.08% 0.01%

2008 75 (08-10) 19.22% 5.55% 2.21% 5.75% 1.17% 0.36% 1.53% 0.17% 0.03%

2008 base 22.62% 7.22% 3.15% 7.00% 1.55% 0.52% 1.97% 0.24% 0.04%

2009 60 (08-10) 7.36% 1.10% 0.29% 1.92% 0.26% 0.06% 0.39% 0.02% 0.00%

2009 65 (08-10) 9.29% 1.66% 0.49% 2.50% 0.37% 0.09% 0.52% 0.04% 0.00%

2009 70 (08-10) 11.88% 2.48% 0.84% 3.24% 0.52% 0.14% 0.71% 0.05% 0.01%

2009 75 (08-10) 14.94% 3.69% 1.34% 4.12% 0.73% 0.23% 1.00% 0.09% 0.02%

2009 base 17.36% 4.89% 1.92% 4.82% 0.97% 0.30% 1.25% 0.13% 0.02%

2010 60 (08-10) 9.84% 1.56% 0.40% 2.47% 0.32% 0.06% 0.52% 0.03% 0.01%

2010 65 (08-10) 12.10% 2.23% 0.70% 3.11% 0.43% 0.10% 0.69% 0.04% 0.01%

2010 70 (08-10) 14.86% 3.25% 1.11% 3.98% 0.61% 0.18% 1.00% 0.07% 0.01%

2010 75 (08-10) 18.09% 4.55% 1.66% 4.98% 0.85% 0.26% 1.31% 0.11% 0.01%

2010 base 20.59% 5.73% 2.24% 5.84% 1.11% 0.36% 1.58% 0.14% 0.02%
6B-2 

Table 6B-2. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Baltimore.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 9.60% 1.64% 0.45% 2.41% 0.34% 0.09% 0.46% 0.03% 0.01%

2006 65 (06-08) 12.75% 2.82% 0.86% 3.29% 0.52% 0.15% 0.70% 0.07% 0.01%

2006 70 (06-08) 15.62% 3.93% 1.38% 4.23% 0.73% 0.23% 0.96% 0.10% 0.02%

2006 75 (06-08) 18.62% 5.16% 2.05% 5.27% 1.03% 0.34% 1.27% 0.13% 0.02%

2006 base 27.12% 9.74% 4.58% 8.72% 2.17% 0.77% 2.37% 0.32% 0.08%

2007 60 (06-08) 9.61% 1.64% 0.43% 2.18% 0.29% 0.08% 0.47% 0.03% 0.00%

2007 65 (06-08) 12.25% 2.53% 0.81% 3.01% 0.43% 0.13% 0.66% 0.04% 0.00%

2007 70 (06-08) 14.52% 3.42% 1.18% 3.77% 0.59% 0.18% 0.87% 0.06% 0.01%

2007 75 (06-08) 16.95% 4.45% 1.68% 4.54% 0.80% 0.23% 1.12% 0.08% 0.02%

2007 base 23.30% 7.76% 3.42% 6.74% 1.53% 0.51% 1.90% 0.23% 0.04%

2008 60 (06-08) 7.40% 1.09% 0.26% 1.77% 0.22% 0.05% 0.32% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 60 (08-10) 7.92% 1.24% 0.32% 1.93% 0.25% 0.06% 0.35% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 65 (06-08) 9.55% 1.76% 0.55% 2.33% 0.31% 0.08% 0.46% 0.03% 0.01%

2008 65 (08-10) 9.83% 1.87% 0.59% 2.43% 0.32% 0.09% 0.47% 0.03% 0.01%

2008 70 (06-08) 11.45% 2.44% 0.80% 2.90% 0.40% 0.13% 0.59% 0.05% 0.01%

2008 70 (08-10) 11.95% 2.62% 0.88% 3.05% 0.45% 0.14% 0.62% 0.06% 0.01%

2008 75 (06-08) 13.38% 3.29% 1.18% 3.50% 0.58% 0.17% 0.75% 0.07% 0.01%

2008 75 (08-10) 13.85% 3.50% 1.27% 3.65% 0.62% 0.19% 0.81% 0.07% 0.01%

2008 base 19.29% 6.03% 2.69% 5.38% 1.16% 0.37% 1.43% 0.14% 0.03%

2009 60 (08-10) 6.74% 0.84% 0.17% 1.63% 0.22% 0.06% 0.31% 0.01% 0.00%

2009 65 (08-10) 8.16% 1.24% 0.30% 1.97% 0.28% 0.07% 0.40% 0.02% 0.00%

2009 70 (08-10) 9.71% 1.78% 0.45% 2.37% 0.35% 0.10% 0.51% 0.03% 0.00%

2009 75 (08-10) 11.07% 2.23% 0.66% 2.79% 0.43% 0.12% 0.60% 0.05% 0.01%

2009 base 14.55% 3.81% 1.36% 3.75% 0.67% 0.21% 0.86% 0.07% 0.01%

2010 60 (08-10) 10.61% 1.95% 0.50% 2.66% 0.32% 0.10% 0.49% 0.04% 0.00%

2010 65 (08-10) 13.00% 2.78% 0.92% 3.40% 0.47% 0.15% 0.68% 0.06% 0.00%

2010 70 (08-10) 15.65% 3.88% 1.39% 4.25% 0.72% 0.21% 0.91% 0.09% 0.01%

2010 75 (08-10) 18.09% 4.99% 1.97% 5.17% 0.95% 0.31% 1.17% 0.11% 0.02%

2010 base 24.32% 8.27% 3.71% 7.50% 1.67% 0.62% 2.03% 0.25% 0.06%
6B-3 

Table 6B-3. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Boston.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 6.98% 1.06% 0.26% 1.73% 0.21% 0.05% 0.36% 0.02% 0.00%

2006 65 (06-08) 8.99% 1.75% 0.47% 2.33% 0.31% 0.09% 0.56% 0.03% 0.00%

2006 70 (06-08) 11.79% 2.83% 0.93% 3.06% 0.55% 0.15% 0.83% 0.06% 0.01%

2006 75 (06-08) 13.63% 3.71% 1.39% 3.59% 0.72% 0.21% 1.03% 0.09% 0.02%

2006 base 17.25% 5.51% 2.40% 4.76% 1.05% 0.35% 1.42% 0.17% 0.03%

2007 60 (06-08) 8.88% 1.70% 0.45% 2.02% 0.24% 0.05% 0.45% 0.04% 0.01%

2007 65 (06-08) 11.57% 2.77% 0.88% 2.78% 0.41% 0.09% 0.69% 0.06% 0.01%

2007 70 (06-08) 15.17% 4.42% 1.67% 3.87% 0.69% 0.20% 1.12% 0.10% 0.03%

2007 75 (06-08) 17.75% 5.69% 2.36% 4.65% 0.97% 0.28% 1.40% 0.15% 0.04%

2007 base 21.88% 7.82% 3.77% 5.94% 1.39% 0.46% 1.96% 0.24% 0.06%

2008 60 (06-08) 6.67% 0.95% 0.19% 1.73% 0.21% 0.04% 0.37% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 60 (08-10) 7.67% 1.29% 0.29% 1.94% 0.25% 0.06% 0.46% 0.03% 0.00%

2008 65 (06-08) 8.55% 1.59% 0.44% 2.20% 0.30% 0.07% 0.55% 0.03% 0.00%

2008 65 (08-10) 10.25% 2.20% 0.68% 2.64% 0.42% 0.10% 0.70% 0.04% 0.00%

2008 70 (06-08) 11.14% 2.53% 0.83% 2.84% 0.48% 0.12% 0.76% 0.05% 0.00%

2008 70 (08-10) 12.90% 3.20% 1.16% 3.35% 0.62% 0.17% 0.95% 0.07% 0.01%

2008 75 (06-08) 12.90% 3.20% 1.16% 3.35% 0.62% 0.17% 0.95% 0.07% 0.01%

2008 75 (08-10) 14.95% 4.26% 1.72% 3.95% 0.80% 0.25% 1.16% 0.10% 0.02%

2008 base 15.75% 4.74% 1.94% 4.13% 0.86% 0.28% 1.27% 0.12% 0.03%

2009 60 (08-10) 7.38% 1.36% 0.37% 1.80% 0.24% 0.06% 0.36% 0.02% 0.00%

2009 65 (08-10) 9.43% 2.06% 0.64% 2.28% 0.33% 0.10% 0.53% 0.03% 0.01%

2009 70 (08-10) 11.18% 2.83% 1.04% 2.71% 0.45% 0.15% 0.71% 0.05% 0.01%

2009 75 (08-10) 12.09% 3.26% 1.23% 2.87% 0.53% 0.17% 0.80% 0.05% 0.01%

2009 base 12.39% 3.41% 1.29% 2.89% 0.55% 0.16% 0.82% 0.06% 0.01%

2010 60 (08-10) 7.98% 1.24% 0.26% 1.94% 0.23% 0.05% 0.42% 0.03% 0.00%

2010 65 (08-10) 10.39% 2.05% 0.58% 2.52% 0.34% 0.07% 0.63% 0.04% 0.01%

2010 70 (08-10) 12.77% 3.04% 0.97% 3.18% 0.50% 0.12% 0.84% 0.06% 0.01%

2010 75 (08-10) 14.39% 3.68% 1.38% 3.54% 0.58% 0.14% 0.98% 0.07% 0.01%

2010 base 14.90% 3.97% 1.51% 3.66% 0.60% 0.15% 1.03% 0.08% 0.01%
6B-4 

Table 6B-4. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Chicago. 

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 8.23% 1.47% 0.42% 2.21% 0.31% 0.08% 0.45% 0.03% 0.00%

2006 65 (06-08) 10.45% 2.20% 0.72% 2.79% 0.47% 0.11% 0.62% 0.05% 0.01%

2006 70 (06-08) 12.54% 3.03% 1.13% 3.35% 0.59% 0.18% 0.79% 0.08% 0.02%

2006 75 (06-08) 14.39% 3.94% 1.57% 3.75% 0.75% 0.23% 0.96% 0.11% 0.03%

2006 base 14.55% 4.15% 1.65% 3.71% 0.75% 0.22% 0.96% 0.11% 0.03%

2007 60 (06-08) 10.75% 2.17% 0.64% 2.76% 0.40% 0.12% 0.61% 0.03% 0.00%

2007 65 (06-08) 13.86% 3.39% 1.19% 3.73% 0.65% 0.19% 0.94% 0.07% 0.01%

2007 70 (06-08) 16.95% 4.72% 1.81% 4.67% 0.90% 0.27% 1.24% 0.10% 0.02%

2007 75 (06-08) 19.68% 6.16% 2.61% 5.49% 1.14% 0.40% 1.59% 0.15% 0.03%

2007 base 20.14% 6.48% 2.81% 5.55% 1.18% 0.41% 1.64% 0.16% 0.03%

2008 60 (06-08) 7.07% 1.01% 0.24% 1.89% 0.22% 0.06% 0.35% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 60 (08-10) 8.25% 1.34% 0.33% 2.18% 0.25% 0.08% 0.42% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 65 (06-08) 8.69% 1.46% 0.36% 2.30% 0.28% 0.09% 0.47% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 65 (08-10) 9.85% 1.85% 0.51% 2.56% 0.33% 0.10% 0.56% 0.04% 0.00%

2008 70 (06-08) 10.14% 1.95% 0.54% 2.62% 0.35% 0.11% 0.58% 0.04% 0.00%

2008 70 (08-10) 11.14% 2.40% 0.78% 2.78% 0.39% 0.11% 0.66% 0.04% 0.01%

2008 75 (06-08) 11.17% 2.41% 0.80% 2.76% 0.38% 0.11% 0.65% 0.04% 0.01%

2008 75 (08-10) 11.05% 2.43% 0.81% 2.65% 0.37% 0.11% 0.65% 0.04% 0.00%

2008 base 11.05% 2.43% 0.81% 2.65% 0.37% 0.11% 0.65% 0.04% 0.00%

2009 60 (08-10) 8.16% 1.45% 0.42% 2.31% 0.34% 0.09% 0.46% 0.03% 0.00%

2009 65 (08-10) 9.86% 2.04% 0.63% 2.79% 0.42% 0.13% 0.59% 0.04% 0.01%

2009 70 (08-10) 11.31% 2.74% 0.89% 3.09% 0.52% 0.15% 0.70% 0.05% 0.01%

2009 75 (08-10) 11.30% 2.79% 0.92% 2.91% 0.51% 0.14% 0.67% 0.05% 0.01%

2009 base 11.30% 2.79% 0.92% 2.91% 0.51% 0.14% 0.67% 0.05% 0.01%

2010 60 (08-10) 10.83% 2.11% 0.60% 3.13% 0.51% 0.15% 0.66% 0.04% 0.01%

2010 65 (08-10) 13.19% 3.13% 1.02% 3.83% 0.71% 0.20% 0.88% 0.06% 0.01%

2010 70 (08-10) 15.34% 4.16% 1.46% 4.39% 0.88% 0.26% 1.09% 0.09% 0.02%

2010 75 (08-10) 15.60% 4.41% 1.64% 4.25% 0.88% 0.25% 1.07% 0.09% 0.02%

2010 base 15.60% 4.41% 1.64% 4.25% 0.88% 0.25% 1.07% 0.09% 0.02%
6B-5 

Table 6B-5. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Cleveland.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 4.40% 0.45% 0.06% 1.16% 0.10% 0.01% 0.25% 0.01% 0.00%

2006 65 (06-08) 7.68% 1.28% 0.30% 2.15% 0.29% 0.04% 0.50% 0.03% 0.01%

2006 70 (06-08) 10.55% 2.15% 0.66% 3.05% 0.49% 0.11% 0.73% 0.07% 0.01%

2006 75 (06-08) 13.45% 3.26% 1.17% 4.03% 0.78% 0.20% 0.99% 0.11% 0.02%

2006 base 17.33% 5.16% 2.12% 5.57% 1.23% 0.40% 1.47% 0.19% 0.05%

2007 60 (06-08) 5.42% 0.68% 0.17% 1.23% 0.12% 0.02% 0.27% 0.01% 0.00%

2007 65 (06-08) 9.95% 1.84% 0.58% 2.49% 0.31% 0.09% 0.55% 0.04% 0.01%

2007 70 (06-08) 13.59% 3.19% 1.10% 3.69% 0.53% 0.16% 0.92% 0.09% 0.01%

2007 75 (06-08) 17.02% 4.61% 1.84% 5.02% 0.91% 0.28% 1.32% 0.15% 0.02%

2007 base 21.65% 7.09% 3.19% 6.78% 1.50% 0.51% 2.07% 0.24% 0.05%

2008 60 (06-08) 4.79% 0.48% 0.07% 1.19% 0.12% 0.03% 0.24% 0.01% 0.00%

2008 60 (08-10) 4.79% 0.48% 0.07% 1.19% 0.12% 0.03% 0.24% 0.01% 0.00%

2008 65 (06-08) 8.54% 1.37% 0.38% 2.18% 0.28% 0.07% 0.52% 0.03% 0.00%

2008 65 (08-10) 7.50% 1.12% 0.25% 1.88% 0.22% 0.05% 0.42% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 70 (06-08) 11.58% 2.40% 0.79% 3.09% 0.50% 0.12% 0.77% 0.05% 0.01%

2008 70 (08-10) 10.88% 2.10% 0.69% 2.86% 0.44% 0.11% 0.70% 0.04% 0.01%

2008 75 (06-08) 14.50% 3.74% 1.34% 4.08% 0.74% 0.20% 1.08% 0.10% 0.01%

2008 75 (08-10) 14.10% 3.55% 1.27% 3.95% 0.69% 0.18% 1.03% 0.09% 0.01%

2008 base 18.32% 5.53% 2.25% 5.38% 1.13% 0.34% 1.54% 0.16% 0.03%

2009 60 (08-10) 4.31% 0.56% 0.09% 1.14% 0.10% 0.01% 0.20% 0.01% 0.00%

2009 65 (08-10) 6.15% 1.00% 0.24% 1.57% 0.20% 0.03% 0.31% 0.02% 0.00%

2009 70 (08-10) 8.45% 1.58% 0.49% 2.21% 0.33% 0.06% 0.50% 0.04% 0.00%

2009 75 (08-10) 10.58% 2.31% 0.78% 2.90% 0.49% 0.12% 0.69% 0.06% 0.00%

2009 base 12.83% 3.27% 1.21% 3.55% 0.66% 0.19% 0.88% 0.09% 0.02%

2010 60 (08-10) 5.11% 0.48% 0.09% 1.28% 0.11% 0.01% 0.24% 0.01% 0.00%

2010 65 (08-10) 7.79% 1.04% 0.23% 2.00% 0.23% 0.04% 0.44% 0.02% 0.00%

2010 70 (08-10) 11.10% 2.07% 0.57% 3.00% 0.43% 0.11% 0.69% 0.05% 0.01%

2010 75 (08-10) 14.31% 3.32% 1.07% 4.13% 0.68% 0.18% 1.01% 0.08% 0.01%

2010 base 18.49% 5.13% 2.08% 5.44% 1.15% 0.34% 1.47% 0.14% 0.03%
6B-6 

Table 6B-6. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Dallas.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 12.69% 2.60% 0.86% 3.43% 0.45% 0.10% 0.89% 0.06% 0.00%

2006 65 (06-08) 15.63% 3.76% 1.38% 4.44% 0.66% 0.18% 1.20% 0.10% 0.01%

2006 70 (06-08) 18.94% 5.11% 2.01% 5.73% 0.96% 0.29% 1.64% 0.15% 0.03%

2006 75 (06-08) 21.60% 6.39% 2.68% 6.93% 1.28% 0.41% 2.03% 0.22% 0.05%

2006 base 29.97% 10.90% 5.33% 10.54% 2.69% 0.92% 3.59% 0.48% 0.12%

2007 60 (06-08) 8.72% 1.51% 0.42% 2.16% 0.27% 0.06% 0.50% 0.03% 0.00%

2007 65 (06-08) 10.83% 2.20% 0.70% 2.79% 0.37% 0.09% 0.68% 0.05% 0.00%

2007 70 (06-08) 13.22% 3.10% 1.10% 3.53% 0.54% 0.14% 0.88% 0.08% 0.01%

2007 75 (06-08) 15.13% 3.91% 1.54% 4.17% 0.68% 0.19% 1.09% 0.11% 0.02%

2007 base 21.44% 7.21% 3.28% 6.43% 1.48% 0.50% 1.92% 0.25% 0.06%

2008 60 (06-08) 8.45% 1.31% 0.31% 2.16% 0.27% 0.04% 0.51% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 60 (08-10) 8.45% 1.31% 0.31% 2.16% 0.27% 0.04% 0.51% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 65 (06-08) 10.48% 1.92% 0.55% 2.69% 0.37% 0.08% 0.66% 0.03% 0.00%

2008 65 (08-10) 10.48% 1.92% 0.55% 2.69% 0.37% 0.08% 0.66% 0.03% 0.00%

2008 70 (06-08) 12.69% 2.69% 0.86% 3.37% 0.49% 0.13% 0.85% 0.06% 0.01%

2008 70 (08-10) 12.69% 2.69% 0.86% 3.37% 0.49% 0.13% 0.85% 0.06% 0.01%

2008 75 (06-08) 14.39% 3.46% 1.17% 3.97% 0.64% 0.19% 1.02% 0.07% 0.01%

2008 75 (08-10) 14.90% 3.64% 1.26% 4.14% 0.67% 0.20% 1.08% 0.08% 0.01%

2008 base 19.64% 6.01% 2.52% 5.85% 1.16% 0.39% 1.64% 0.17% 0.03%

2009 60 (08-10) 9.55% 1.77% 0.48% 2.40% 0.33% 0.08% 0.56% 0.03% 0.00%

2009 65 (08-10) 11.84% 2.53% 0.84% 3.13% 0.45% 0.13% 0.77% 0.05% 0.00%

2009 70 (08-10) 14.38% 3.48% 1.30% 3.98% 0.67% 0.19% 1.02% 0.09% 0.01%

2009 75 (08-10) 17.00% 4.64% 1.89% 5.01% 0.90% 0.28% 1.39% 0.12% 0.02%

2009 base 23.14% 7.85% 3.58% 7.32% 1.61% 0.60% 2.21% 0.27% 0.05%

2010 60 (08-10) 8.44% 1.31% 0.34% 2.13% 0.25% 0.05% 0.47% 0.02% 0.00%

2010 65 (08-10) 10.23% 1.88% 0.58% 2.71% 0.36% 0.07% 0.65% 0.05% 0.00%

2010 70 (08-10) 12.36% 2.61% 0.89% 3.39% 0.49% 0.11% 0.82% 0.07% 0.01%

2010 75 (08-10) 14.56% 3.52% 1.23% 4.10% 0.67% 0.17% 1.05% 0.11% 0.01%

2010 base 19.18% 5.82% 2.44% 5.50% 1.13% 0.38% 1.63% 0.18% 0.04%
6B-7 

Table 6B-7. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Denver. 

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 12.47% 2.31% 0.72% 3.77% 0.54% 0.12% 0.96% 0.07% 0.00%

2006 65 (06-08) 15.13% 3.32% 1.11% 4.80% 0.78% 0.17% 1.30% 0.10% 0.01%

2006 70 (06-08) 17.78% 4.49% 1.63% 5.74% 1.04% 0.29% 1.60% 0.16% 0.03%

2006 75 (06-08) 20.23% 5.64% 2.21% 6.68% 1.30% 0.40% 1.92% 0.22% 0.05%

2006 base 24.08% 7.75% 3.46% 8.12% 1.93% 0.66% 2.53% 0.38% 0.09%

2007 60 (06-08) 11.41% 1.96% 0.57% 3.40% 0.47% 0.10% 0.82% 0.05% 0.01%

2007 65 (06-08) 13.77% 2.83% 0.88% 4.22% 0.67% 0.14% 1.05% 0.09% 0.01%

2007 70 (06-08) 16.12% 3.68% 1.30% 4.95% 0.82% 0.21% 1.28% 0.12% 0.02%

2007 75 (06-08) 18.24% 4.57% 1.75% 5.67% 1.04% 0.30% 1.53% 0.16% 0.03%

2007 base 21.33% 6.31% 2.57% 6.68% 1.34% 0.42% 1.90% 0.25% 0.05%

2008 60 (06-08) 12.04% 2.14% 0.62% 3.79% 0.53% 0.12% 0.94% 0.05% 0.01%

2008 60 (08-10) 12.04% 2.14% 0.62% 3.79% 0.53% 0.12% 0.94% 0.05% 0.01%

2008 65 (06-08) 14.72% 3.05% 0.97% 4.77% 0.74% 0.18% 1.22% 0.09% 0.01%

2008 65 (08-10) 17.60% 4.04% 1.42% 5.82% 0.96% 0.30% 1.55% 0.14% 0.02%

2008 70 (06-08) 17.42% 3.97% 1.39% 5.76% 0.93% 0.29% 1.53% 0.13% 0.02%

2008 70 (08-10) 20.46% 5.31% 2.09% 7.01% 1.30% 0.42% 1.91% 0.20% 0.04%

2008 75 (06-08) 19.77% 4.96% 1.94% 6.71% 1.22% 0.39% 1.81% 0.19% 0.03%

2008 75 (08-10) 22.50% 6.46% 2.61% 7.77% 1.55% 0.51% 2.19% 0.25% 0.05%

2008 base 23.00% 6.78% 2.79% 7.94% 1.64% 0.52% 2.26% 0.26% 0.05%

2009 60 (08-10) 9.52% 1.52% 0.37% 2.87% 0.36% 0.09% 0.68% 0.03% 0.00%

2009 65 (08-10) 13.48% 2.75% 0.88% 4.23% 0.65% 0.16% 1.07% 0.07% 0.00%

2009 70 (08-10) 15.45% 3.58% 1.25% 4.89% 0.79% 0.20% 1.28% 0.10% 0.01%

2009 75 (08-10) 16.90% 4.35% 1.58% 5.23% 0.90% 0.24% 1.43% 0.13% 0.01%

2009 base 17.25% 4.55% 1.71% 5.36% 0.94% 0.26% 1.45% 0.13% 0.01%

2010 60 (08-10) 10.64% 1.73% 0.41% 3.18% 0.42% 0.10% 0.73% 0.05% 0.00%

2010 65 (08-10) 15.12% 3.19% 1.04% 4.71% 0.72% 0.21% 1.15% 0.11% 0.01%

2010 70 (08-10) 17.54% 4.11% 1.49% 5.58% 0.99% 0.28% 1.43% 0.13% 0.02%

2010 75 (08-10) 19.34% 5.01% 1.95% 6.14% 1.16% 0.34% 1.65% 0.17% 0.03%

2010 base 19.83% 5.31% 2.12% 6.25% 1.23% 0.37% 1.72% 0.17% 0.04%
6B-8 

Table 6B-8. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Detroit.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 7.49% 1.16% 0.28% 2.03% 0.28% 0.06% 0.47% 0.02% 0.00%

2006 65 (06-08) 9.57% 1.86% 0.51% 2.66% 0.42% 0.11% 0.63% 0.05% 0.01%

2006 70 (06-08) 11.37% 2.52% 0.81% 3.21% 0.54% 0.16% 0.79% 0.07% 0.01%

2006 75 (06-08) 13.64% 3.51% 1.28% 3.98% 0.77% 0.25% 1.00% 0.10% 0.02%

2006 base 17.53% 5.40% 2.33% 5.21% 1.19% 0.41% 1.38% 0.18% 0.04%

2007 60 (06-08) 9.07% 1.54% 0.42% 2.06% 0.29% 0.06% 0.47% 0.03% 0.01%

2007 65 (06-08) 12.04% 2.63% 0.79% 2.88% 0.44% 0.12% 0.71% 0.06% 0.01%

2007 70 (06-08) 14.54% 3.58% 1.24% 3.68% 0.63% 0.19% 0.95% 0.09% 0.02%

2007 75 (06-08) 17.79% 5.08% 2.07% 4.83% 0.94% 0.28% 1.31% 0.13% 0.03%

2007 base 23.67% 8.42% 3.88% 7.01% 1.65% 0.54% 2.15% 0.26% 0.06%

2008 60 (06-08) 7.05% 0.96% 0.20% 1.81% 0.22% 0.05% 0.41% 0.03% 0.00%

2008 60 (08-10) 8.44% 1.38% 0.35% 2.20% 0.31% 0.06% 0.50% 0.04% 0.00%

2008 65 (06-08) 8.89% 1.52% 0.40% 2.35% 0.34% 0.08% 0.53% 0.05% 0.00%

2008 65 (08-10) 11.07% 2.34% 0.70% 2.97% 0.48% 0.13% 0.68% 0.07% 0.01%

2008 70 (06-08) 10.46% 2.12% 0.59% 2.79% 0.43% 0.12% 0.63% 0.06% 0.01%

2008 70 (08-10) 13.70% 3.40% 1.21% 3.74% 0.67% 0.20% 0.95% 0.09% 0.02%

2008 75 (06-08) 12.68% 2.98% 0.99% 3.43% 0.60% 0.17% 0.83% 0.08% 0.01%

2008 75 (08-10) 15.80% 4.44% 1.78% 4.22% 0.86% 0.28% 1.14% 0.13% 0.02%

2008 base 15.80% 4.44% 1.78% 4.22% 0.86% 0.28% 1.14% 0.13% 0.02%

2009 60 (08-10) 7.31% 1.18% 0.28% 2.02% 0.27% 0.06% 0.43% 0.03% 0.00%

2009 65 (08-10) 9.49% 1.92% 0.57% 2.66% 0.43% 0.10% 0.61% 0.04% 0.01%

2009 70 (08-10) 11.50% 2.65% 0.94% 3.33% 0.58% 0.16% 0.81% 0.06% 0.01%

2009 75 (08-10) 13.11% 3.49% 1.39% 3.62% 0.70% 0.20% 0.90% 0.09% 0.02%

2009 base 13.11% 3.49% 1.39% 3.62% 0.70% 0.20% 0.90% 0.09% 0.02%

2010 60 (08-10) 9.24% 1.48% 0.37% 2.44% 0.34% 0.10% 0.54% 0.03% 0.00%

2010 65 (08-10) 12.12% 2.48% 0.73% 3.28% 0.55% 0.15% 0.77% 0.06% 0.02%

2010 70 (08-10) 14.67% 3.53% 1.20% 4.06% 0.76% 0.25% 1.05% 0.11% 0.02%

2010 75 (08-10) 17.12% 4.77% 1.80% 4.71% 0.98% 0.34% 1.24% 0.14% 0.03%

2010 base 17.12% 4.77% 1.80% 4.71% 0.98% 0.34% 1.24% 0.14% 0.03%
6B-9 

Table 6B-9. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Houston.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 8.88% 1.29% 0.29% 2.55% 0.28% 0.04% 0.50% 0.03% 0.00%

2006 65 (06-08) 11.63% 2.27% 0.73% 3.29% 0.41% 0.08% 0.70% 0.04% 0.01%

2006 70 (06-08) 13.82% 3.21% 1.12% 3.92% 0.57% 0.11% 0.89% 0.06% 0.01%

2006 75 (06-08) 16.15% 4.20% 1.58% 4.63% 0.77% 0.19% 1.15% 0.09% 0.01%

2006 base 26.83% 10.40% 5.22% 8.54% 2.21% 0.76% 2.74% 0.35% 0.10%

2007 60 (06-08) 7.40% 0.91% 0.22% 2.20% 0.22% 0.04% 0.46% 0.01% 0.00%

2007 65 (06-08) 9.29% 1.48% 0.38% 2.72% 0.31% 0.07% 0.57% 0.02% 0.00%

2007 70 (06-08) 10.74% 2.02% 0.60% 3.14% 0.40% 0.10% 0.67% 0.04% 0.00%

2007 75 (06-08) 12.31% 2.63% 0.83% 3.61% 0.50% 0.14% 0.79% 0.06% 0.01%

2007 base 19.86% 6.61% 2.85% 5.94% 1.30% 0.42% 1.57% 0.17% 0.03%

2008 60 (06-08) 7.53% 0.94% 0.19% 2.23% 0.24% 0.05% 0.51% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 60 (08-10) 9.14% 1.32% 0.33% 2.68% 0.33% 0.07% 0.62% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 65 (06-08) 9.35% 1.39% 0.35% 2.75% 0.34% 0.07% 0.64% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 65 (08-10) 11.68% 2.32% 0.70% 3.51% 0.49% 0.11% 0.86% 0.05% 0.01%

2008 70 (06-08) 10.61% 1.89% 0.52% 3.17% 0.42% 0.09% 0.76% 0.04% 0.00%

2008 70 (08-10) 13.97% 3.25% 1.09% 4.24% 0.67% 0.19% 1.06% 0.07% 0.01%

2008 75 (06-08) 11.91% 2.41% 0.73% 3.56% 0.51% 0.12% 0.89% 0.05% 0.01%

2008 75 (08-10) 16.18% 4.30% 1.62% 4.99% 0.87% 0.25% 1.30% 0.10% 0.02%

2008 base 18.24% 5.58% 2.30% 5.49% 1.07% 0.34% 1.49% 0.16% 0.03%

2009 60 (08-10) 9.29% 1.50% 0.40% 2.72% 0.37% 0.09% 0.58% 0.03% 0.00%

2009 65 (08-10) 12.02% 2.65% 0.89% 3.52% 0.57% 0.12% 0.83% 0.07% 0.01%

2009 70 (08-10) 14.29% 3.78% 1.44% 4.23% 0.76% 0.20% 1.08% 0.10% 0.01%

2009 75 (08-10) 16.61% 4.99% 2.06% 4.96% 1.03% 0.30% 1.31% 0.16% 0.02%

2009 base 19.11% 6.59% 3.10% 5.41% 1.30% 0.44% 1.55% 0.22% 0.06%

2010 60 (08-10) 9.42% 1.48% 0.37% 2.86% 0.35% 0.06% 0.59% 0.04% 0.00%

2010 65 (08-10) 12.21% 2.46% 0.76% 3.60% 0.50% 0.11% 0.76% 0.06% 0.01%

2010 70 (08-10) 14.54% 3.50% 1.21% 4.32% 0.66% 0.17% 0.97% 0.08% 0.02%

2010 75 (08-10) 16.75% 4.63% 1.76% 4.98% 0.87% 0.24% 1.18% 0.10% 0.02%

2010 base 19.23% 6.09% 2.64% 5.53% 1.14% 0.32% 1.44% 0.15% 0.03%
6B-10 

Table 6B-10. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Los Angeles.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 11.20% 1.70% 0.37% 4.95% 0.59% 0.15% 1.02% 0.05% 0.01%

2006 65 (06-08) 13.55% 2.41% 0.70% 6.11% 0.83% 0.24% 1.32% 0.08% 0.01%

2006 70 (06-08) 15.69% 3.21% 1.06% 7.31% 1.14% 0.33% 1.65% 0.12% 0.03%

2006 75 (06-08) 18.15% 4.22% 1.49% 8.56% 1.50% 0.43% 2.06% 0.19% 0.04%

2006 base 28.03% 11.04% 5.60% 12.69% 3.46% 1.39% 4.12% 0.76% 0.25%

2007 60 (06-08) 10.92% 1.60% 0.37% 4.89% 0.60% 0.12% 0.97% 0.05% 0.01%

2007 65 (06-08) 13.12% 2.29% 0.64% 5.99% 0.85% 0.20% 1.29% 0.08% 0.01%

2007 70 (06-08) 15.08% 3.06% 0.96% 7.03% 1.10% 0.30% 1.63% 0.10% 0.02%

2007 75 (06-08) 17.45% 3.99% 1.40% 8.31% 1.41% 0.44% 2.03% 0.15% 0.03%

2007 base 25.15% 9.32% 4.52% 11.00% 2.80% 1.05% 3.40% 0.52% 0.16%

2008 60 (06-08) 11.60% 1.85% 0.46% 5.10% 0.63% 0.14% 1.08% 0.06% 0.01%

2008 60 (08-10) 11.87% 1.94% 0.48% 5.20% 0.65% 0.15% 1.11% 0.06% 0.01%

2008 65 (06-08) 14.03% 2.56% 0.74% 6.26% 0.88% 0.21% 1.41% 0.09% 0.02%

2008 65 (08-10) 14.29% 2.66% 0.76% 6.40% 0.91% 0.23% 1.45% 0.10% 0.02%

2008 70 (06-08) 16.25% 3.34% 1.06% 7.49% 1.18% 0.31% 1.79% 0.13% 0.02%

2008 70 (08-10) 16.57% 3.48% 1.12% 7.70% 1.25% 0.32% 1.84% 0.14% 0.02%

2008 75 (06-08) 18.60% 4.34% 1.52% 8.91% 1.60% 0.46% 2.23% 0.21% 0.04%

2008 75 (08-10) 18.70% 4.39% 1.54% 8.95% 1.61% 0.46% 2.25% 0.21% 0.04%

2008 base 27.62% 10.51% 5.26% 12.88% 3.40% 1.31% 4.08% 0.69% 0.18%

2009 60 (08-10) 11.92% 1.79% 0.47% 5.27% 0.65% 0.15% 1.12% 0.06% 0.01%

2009 65 (08-10) 14.25% 2.55% 0.74% 6.40% 0.94% 0.25% 1.47% 0.10% 0.02%

2009 70 (08-10) 16.48% 3.39% 1.06% 7.57% 1.26% 0.34% 1.82% 0.13% 0.02%

2009 75 (08-10) 18.55% 4.24% 1.44% 8.75% 1.60% 0.48% 2.21% 0.18% 0.05%

2009 base 25.91% 9.38% 4.53% 11.51% 2.89% 1.06% 3.56% 0.61% 0.16%

2010 60 (08-10) 10.23% 1.47% 0.34% 4.78% 0.59% 0.13% 0.93% 0.06% 0.01%

2010 65 (08-10) 12.33% 2.07% 0.58% 5.77% 0.84% 0.21% 1.25% 0.09% 0.02%

2010 70 (08-10) 14.33% 2.76% 0.89% 6.91% 1.11% 0.29% 1.65% 0.12% 0.03%

2010 75 (08-10) 16.26% 3.52% 1.18% 8.04% 1.38% 0.42% 1.98% 0.14% 0.04%

2010 base 19.70% 6.34% 2.84% 8.34% 1.76% 0.58% 2.41% 0.35% 0.07%
6B-11 

Table 6B-11. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=New York.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 65 (06-08) 2.43% 0.16% 0.03% 0.66% 0.06% 0.01% 0.12% 0.00% 0.00%

2006 70 (06-08) 9.25% 1.85% 0.58% 2.31% 0.29% 0.07% 0.51% 0.03% 0.00%

2006 75 (06-08) 12.72% 3.20% 1.17% 3.20% 0.49% 0.14% 0.78% 0.06% 0.01%

2006 base 23.21% 8.56% 4.09% 6.63% 1.63% 0.62% 2.05% 0.25% 0.06%

2007 65 (06-08) 2.88% 0.26% 0.06% 0.80% 0.08% 0.01% 0.15% 0.01% 0.00%

2007 70 (06-08) 10.62% 2.13% 0.58% 2.73% 0.37% 0.08% 0.61% 0.04% 0.02%

2007 75 (06-08) 14.16% 3.46% 1.18% 3.79% 0.60% 0.15% 0.88% 0.06% 0.02%

2007 base 23.68% 8.52% 3.92% 6.99% 1.69% 0.57% 2.05% 0.24% 0.05%

2008 65 (06-08) 2.58% 0.19% 0.05% 0.68% 0.06% 0.01% 0.12% 0.01% 0.00%

2008 65 (08-10) 3.85% 0.37% 0.07% 1.03% 0.11% 0.02% 0.20% 0.01% 0.00%

2008 70 (06-08) 9.42% 1.85% 0.53% 2.53% 0.38% 0.09% 0.59% 0.05% 0.01%

2008 70 (08-10) 11.69% 2.60% 0.94% 3.17% 0.52% 0.15% 0.77% 0.06% 0.01%

2008 75 (06-08) 12.74% 2.95% 1.14% 3.44% 0.59% 0.18% 0.85% 0.06% 0.02%

2008 75 (08-10) 16.38% 4.56% 1.88% 4.55% 0.90% 0.31% 1.22% 0.12% 0.02%

2008 base 21.41% 7.49% 3.26% 6.18% 1.51% 0.55% 1.81% 0.23% 0.05%

2009 65 (08-10) 3.31% 0.33% 0.06% 0.93% 0.08% 0.02% 0.17% 0.01% 0.00%

2009 70 (08-10) 8.44% 1.58% 0.43% 2.19% 0.31% 0.06% 0.51% 0.03% 0.00%

2009 75 (08-10) 11.41% 2.69% 0.84% 3.01% 0.48% 0.14% 0.75% 0.07% 0.01%

2009 base 13.83% 3.79% 1.47% 3.53% 0.63% 0.20% 0.94% 0.10% 0.01%

2010 65 (08-10) 4.36% 0.49% 0.11% 1.20% 0.12% 0.02% 0.24% 0.01% 0.00%

2010 70 (08-10) 13.62% 3.01% 1.06% 3.59% 0.57% 0.14% 0.91% 0.07% 0.01%

2010 75 (08-10) 18.63% 5.22% 2.08% 5.19% 1.03% 0.30% 1.45% 0.12% 0.03%

2010 base 23.60% 7.86% 3.53% 6.81% 1.60% 0.53% 2.10% 0.24% 0.05%

 
6B-12 

Table 6B-12. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Philadelphia.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 9.21% 1.51% 0.35% 2.19% 0.24% 0.05% 0.49% 0.02% 0.01%

2006 65 (06-08) 11.46% 2.15% 0.62% 2.80% 0.36% 0.08% 0.66% 0.03% 0.01%

2006 70 (06-08) 13.90% 3.14% 1.06% 3.50% 0.50% 0.12% 0.92% 0.05% 0.01%

2006 75 (06-08) 16.35% 4.23% 1.59% 4.40% 0.71% 0.20% 1.17% 0.07% 0.01%

2006 base 25.08% 8.82% 4.09% 7.70% 1.77% 0.57% 2.48% 0.26% 0.06%

2007 60 (06-08) 10.39% 1.82% 0.46% 2.52% 0.29% 0.05% 0.58% 0.03% 0.00%

2007 65 (06-08) 12.82% 2.70% 0.84% 3.24% 0.44% 0.11% 0.78% 0.05% 0.01%

2007 70 (06-08) 15.69% 3.89% 1.40% 4.20% 0.67% 0.17% 1.08% 0.09% 0.01%

2007 75 (06-08) 18.41% 5.17% 2.03% 5.13% 0.86% 0.27% 1.41% 0.12% 0.03%

2007 base 27.22% 10.21% 4.97% 8.76% 2.22% 0.79% 2.88% 0.38% 0.10%

2008 60 (06-08) 8.19% 1.22% 0.24% 1.92% 0.21% 0.04% 0.46% 0.02% 0.01%

2008 60 (08-10) 10.17% 1.84% 0.48% 2.41% 0.30% 0.05% 0.60% 0.04% 0.01%

2008 65 (06-08) 10.17% 1.84% 0.48% 2.41% 0.30% 0.05% 0.60% 0.04% 0.01%

2008 65 (08-10) 12.60% 2.75% 0.88% 3.14% 0.44% 0.12% 0.80% 0.06% 0.01%

2008 70 (06-08) 12.60% 2.75% 0.88% 3.14% 0.44% 0.12% 0.80% 0.06% 0.01%

2008 70 (08-10) 15.57% 4.01% 1.50% 4.15% 0.70% 0.19% 1.12% 0.10% 0.02%

2008 75 (06-08) 14.90% 3.72% 1.36% 3.96% 0.64% 0.17% 1.04% 0.10% 0.02%

2008 75 (08-10) 18.64% 5.38% 2.23% 5.27% 0.99% 0.29% 1.52% 0.16% 0.03%

2008 base 23.84% 8.19% 3.78% 7.30% 1.64% 0.56% 2.25% 0.31% 0.07%

2009 60 (08-10) 7.60% 0.99% 0.21% 1.82% 0.20% 0.03% 0.40% 0.02% 0.00%

2009 65 (08-10) 9.04% 1.44% 0.34% 2.19% 0.26% 0.05% 0.51% 0.03% 0.00%

2009 70 (08-10) 10.75% 2.01% 0.57% 2.73% 0.35% 0.08% 0.63% 0.04% 0.01%

2009 75 (08-10) 12.51% 2.73% 0.86% 3.25% 0.48% 0.12% 0.78% 0.06% 0.01%

2009 base 15.31% 4.06% 1.54% 4.03% 0.69% 0.19% 1.03% 0.10% 0.02%

2010 60 (08-10) 11.26% 1.99% 0.55% 2.65% 0.31% 0.04% 0.65% 0.04% 0.01%

2010 65 (08-10) 13.74% 2.92% 0.95% 3.43% 0.45% 0.10% 0.89% 0.06% 0.01%

2010 70 (08-10) 16.88% 4.16% 1.50% 4.46% 0.73% 0.18% 1.20% 0.11% 0.02%

2010 75 (08-10) 19.76% 5.51% 2.24% 5.59% 1.04% 0.29% 1.61% 0.15% 0.03%

2010 base 24.84% 8.23% 3.70% 7.45% 1.63% 0.57% 2.37% 0.29% 0.07%
6B-13 

Table 6B-13. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Sacramento.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 9.76% 1.64% 0.42% 2.40% 0.25% 0.03% 0.50% 0.03% 0.00%

2006 65 (06-08) 12.85% 2.72% 0.83% 3.45% 0.40% 0.10% 0.78% 0.06% 0.01%

2006 70 (06-08) 15.25% 3.63% 1.28% 4.20% 0.59% 0.14% 1.03% 0.07% 0.01%

2006 75 (06-08) 17.92% 4.75% 1.77% 5.15% 0.85% 0.21% 1.31% 0.12% 0.02%

2006 base 29.22% 10.91% 5.23% 9.95% 2.51% 0.91% 3.07% 0.52% 0.12%

2007 60 (06-08) 7.39% 0.97% 0.25% 1.80% 0.14% 0.02% 0.37% 0.02% 0.00%

2007 65 (06-08) 9.59% 1.62% 0.48% 2.35% 0.23% 0.03% 0.49% 0.03% 0.00%

2007 70 (06-08) 11.20% 2.17% 0.69% 2.78% 0.30% 0.07% 0.61% 0.04% 0.00%

2007 75 (06-08) 13.04% 2.87% 0.96% 3.35% 0.46% 0.10% 0.77% 0.07% 0.01%

2007 base 21.38% 6.95% 3.03% 6.22% 1.35% 0.41% 1.76% 0.22% 0.05%

2008 60 (06-08) 9.41% 1.61% 0.49% 2.38% 0.25% 0.06% 0.49% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 60 (08-10) 9.41% 1.61% 0.49% 2.38% 0.25% 0.06% 0.49% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 65 (06-08) 12.30% 2.65% 0.86% 3.26% 0.43% 0.11% 0.72% 0.05% 0.00%

2008 65 (08-10) 11.97% 2.49% 0.81% 3.15% 0.40% 0.10% 0.69% 0.05% 0.00%

2008 70 (06-08) 14.43% 3.44% 1.22% 3.99% 0.60% 0.14% 0.92% 0.09% 0.00%

2008 70 (08-10) 14.09% 3.33% 1.16% 3.87% 0.57% 0.13% 0.87% 0.07% 0.00%

2008 75 (06-08) 16.79% 4.45% 1.77% 4.85% 0.86% 0.20% 1.21% 0.13% 0.01%

2008 75 (08-10) 16.43% 4.29% 1.67% 4.75% 0.82% 0.19% 1.16% 0.12% 0.01%

2008 base 27.44% 10.39% 4.96% 9.51% 2.27% 0.86% 2.92% 0.48% 0.13%

2009 60 (08-10) 8.61% 1.37% 0.36% 2.18% 0.23% 0.04% 0.43% 0.03% 0.00%

2009 65 (08-10) 10.98% 2.15% 0.68% 2.87% 0.38% 0.09% 0.61% 0.05% 0.01%

2009 70 (08-10) 13.02% 2.88% 1.01% 3.56% 0.52% 0.13% 0.80% 0.07% 0.01%

2009 75 (08-10) 15.38% 3.81% 1.41% 4.33% 0.75% 0.19% 1.04% 0.10% 0.02%

2009 base 25.55% 8.97% 4.30% 8.32% 2.14% 0.78% 2.44% 0.36% 0.10%

2010 60 (08-10) 6.56% 0.77% 0.19% 1.66% 0.13% 0.02% 0.32% 0.02% 0.00%

2010 65 (08-10) 8.30% 1.29% 0.36% 2.10% 0.18% 0.03% 0.42% 0.02% 0.00%

2010 70 (08-10) 9.81% 1.75% 0.53% 2.47% 0.24% 0.04% 0.54% 0.04% 0.00%

2010 75 (08-10) 11.50% 2.35% 0.77% 3.02% 0.33% 0.07% 0.68% 0.05% 0.01%

2010 base 19.22% 5.96% 2.54% 5.44% 1.02% 0.26% 1.50% 0.17% 0.04%
6B-14 

Table 6B-14. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=St. Louis.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 8.82% 1.39% 0.32% 2.33% 0.29% 0.07% 0.49% 0.03% 0.01%

2006 65 (06-08) 11.80% 2.38% 0.71% 3.26% 0.49% 0.13% 0.75% 0.06% 0.01%

2006 70 (06-08) 15.20% 3.65% 1.25% 4.43% 0.74% 0.22% 1.08% 0.11% 0.02%

2006 75 (06-08) 18.64% 5.11% 2.00% 5.73% 1.12% 0.36% 1.49% 0.15% 0.04%

2006 base 24.21% 8.11% 3.58% 7.99% 1.87% 0.64% 2.35% 0.28% 0.07%

2007 60 (06-08) 10.00% 1.92% 0.53% 2.53% 0.31% 0.07% 0.57% 0.04% 0.00%

2007 65 (06-08) 13.43% 3.16% 1.06% 3.71% 0.54% 0.13% 0.84% 0.07% 0.02%

2007 70 (06-08) 17.08% 4.66% 1.82% 5.13% 0.90% 0.25% 1.28% 0.12% 0.03%

2007 75 (06-08) 20.80% 6.44% 2.77% 6.69% 1.36% 0.43% 1.78% 0.20% 0.06%

2007 base 27.07% 9.70% 4.64% 9.20% 2.30% 0.83% 2.79% 0.38% 0.10%

2008 60 (06-08) 5.72% 0.69% 0.12% 1.56% 0.18% 0.04% 0.31% 0.01% 0.00%

2008 60 (08-10) 8.23% 1.31% 0.31% 2.22% 0.27% 0.08% 0.49% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 65 (06-08) 7.62% 1.14% 0.24% 2.02% 0.24% 0.06% 0.45% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 65 (08-10) 10.82% 2.08% 0.65% 3.04% 0.42% 0.13% 0.69% 0.05% 0.01%

2008 70 (06-08) 9.61% 1.67% 0.49% 2.69% 0.34% 0.10% 0.60% 0.03% 0.01%

2008 70 (08-10) 13.20% 2.96% 1.04% 3.79% 0.60% 0.17% 0.91% 0.08% 0.02%

2008 75 (06-08) 11.73% 2.46% 0.78% 3.34% 0.49% 0.14% 0.77% 0.06% 0.01%

2008 75 (08-10) 14.64% 3.57% 1.29% 4.26% 0.71% 0.19% 1.07% 0.11% 0.02%

2008 base 15.08% 3.80% 1.41% 4.38% 0.76% 0.20% 1.12% 0.11% 0.02%

2009 60 (08-10) 7.25% 1.11% 0.27% 1.91% 0.20% 0.05% 0.39% 0.02% 0.00%

2009 65 (08-10) 9.64% 1.81% 0.54% 2.58% 0.34% 0.08% 0.54% 0.04% 0.01%

2009 70 (08-10) 11.72% 2.62% 0.88% 3.29% 0.47% 0.13% 0.73% 0.06% 0.01%

2009 75 (08-10) 13.39% 3.29% 1.19% 3.76% 0.61% 0.18% 0.87% 0.09% 0.01%

2009 base 13.86% 3.53% 1.32% 3.89% 0.65% 0.22% 0.93% 0.09% 0.01%

2010 60 (08-10) 9.91% 1.79% 0.51% 2.75% 0.41% 0.10% 0.67% 0.05% 0.00%

2010 65 (08-10) 13.17% 3.01% 0.99% 3.92% 0.66% 0.18% 1.00% 0.09% 0.01%

2010 70 (08-10) 16.14% 4.19% 1.54% 4.95% 0.94% 0.29% 1.31% 0.14% 0.03%

2010 75 (08-10) 18.44% 5.26% 2.09% 5.68% 1.18% 0.39% 1.59% 0.18% 0.05%

2010 base 19.07% 5.59% 2.27% 5.94% 1.27% 0.44% 1.70% 0.19% 0.05%
6B-15 

Table 6B-15. Percents of persons with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Washington, DC.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 7.73% 1.19% 0.30% 2.01% 0.26% 0.07% 0.41% 0.03% 0.01%

2006 65 (06-08) 10.45% 1.98% 0.63% 2.81% 0.40% 0.11% 0.56% 0.05% 0.01%

2006 70 (06-08) 13.16% 2.94% 1.00% 3.69% 0.57% 0.17% 0.79% 0.08% 0.02%

2006 75 (06-08) 15.89% 4.00% 1.49% 4.51% 0.79% 0.25% 1.04% 0.10% 0.03%

2006 base 25.95% 9.34% 4.41% 8.38% 2.03% 0.73% 2.38% 0.30% 0.08%

2007 60 (06-08) 8.97% 1.38% 0.32% 2.39% 0.29% 0.06% 0.50% 0.04% 0.01%

2007 65 (06-08) 11.65% 2.23% 0.61% 3.20% 0.45% 0.09% 0.72% 0.06% 0.01%

2007 70 (06-08) 14.33% 3.28% 1.04% 4.09% 0.67% 0.17% 0.97% 0.09% 0.02%

2007 75 (06-08) 16.89% 4.34% 1.51% 4.98% 0.91% 0.26% 1.22% 0.12% 0.03%

2007 base 26.33% 9.23% 4.23% 8.64% 2.08% 0.74% 2.49% 0.33% 0.10%

2008 60 (06-08) 6.99% 0.97% 0.21% 1.85% 0.23% 0.05% 0.34% 0.02% 0.00%

2008 60 (08-10) 7.82% 1.19% 0.29% 2.07% 0.26% 0.06% 0.38% 0.03% 0.00%

2008 65 (06-08) 9.07% 1.54% 0.41% 2.42% 0.32% 0.07% 0.45% 0.03% 0.00%

2008 65 (08-10) 11.12% 2.24% 0.70% 3.03% 0.43% 0.12% 0.63% 0.05% 0.01%

2008 70 (06-08) 11.12% 2.24% 0.70% 3.03% 0.43% 0.12% 0.63% 0.05% 0.01%

2008 70 (08-10) 14.05% 3.37% 1.24% 3.92% 0.67% 0.20% 0.94% 0.07% 0.02%

2008 75 (06-08) 13.22% 3.05% 1.06% 3.66% 0.60% 0.17% 0.84% 0.06% 0.02%

2008 75 (08-10) 17.96% 5.11% 2.12% 5.23% 1.03% 0.33% 1.35% 0.13% 0.03%

2008 base 21.46% 6.92% 3.08% 6.29% 1.37% 0.45% 1.72% 0.17% 0.04%

2009 60 (08-10) 6.15% 0.79% 0.15% 1.63% 0.18% 0.04% 0.32% 0.02% 0.01%

2009 65 (08-10) 8.30% 1.31% 0.34% 2.14% 0.26% 0.07% 0.44% 0.03% 0.01%

2009 70 (08-10) 10.12% 1.83% 0.57% 2.64% 0.35% 0.09% 0.59% 0.05% 0.01%

2009 75 (08-10) 12.33% 2.73% 0.88% 3.30% 0.47% 0.13% 0.78% 0.07% 0.01%

2009 base 14.05% 3.47% 1.17% 3.61% 0.58% 0.15% 0.91% 0.09% 0.01%

2010 60 (08-10) 9.68% 1.59% 0.39% 2.67% 0.35% 0.08% 0.59% 0.04% 0.01%

2010 65 (08-10) 13.39% 2.87% 0.92% 3.93% 0.63% 0.16% 0.96% 0.07% 0.02%

2010 70 (08-10) 16.80% 4.20% 1.58% 5.07% 0.93% 0.29% 1.29% 0.12% 0.03%

2010 75 (08-10) 21.14% 6.22% 2.54% 6.65% 1.41% 0.46% 1.82% 0.19% 0.05%

2010 base 24.63% 8.24% 3.57% 7.87% 1.83% 0.66% 2.25% 0.28% 0.07%
6B-16 

Table 6B-16. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Atlanta.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 86,531 14,268 4,024 30,711 3,716 751 7,625 424 19

2006 65 (06-08) 113,815 23,664 7,452 41,706 6,316 1,444 10,802 732 58

2006 70 (06-08) 136,420 32,675 11,707 52,161 9,627 2,176 14,537 1,059 116

2006 75 (06-08) 165,360 45,499 17,618 66,564 14,249 3,909 19,524 1,887 308

2006 base 264,811 100,876 49,542 124,020 33,619 14,017 44,633 6,277 1,656

2007 60 (06-08) 85,876 15,192 4,390 29,845 4,178 770 6,778 154 39

2007 65 (06-08) 113,045 23,433 7,721 41,513 6,585 1,560 10,147 578 39

2007 70 (06-08) 135,727 32,675 11,553 51,526 8,742 2,484 13,960 982 77

2007 75 (06-08) 163,396 44,594 17,945 66,121 12,978 3,909 18,870 1,463 173

2007 base 259,939 97,448 47,193 122,845 33,195 12,978 41,398 5,815 1,155

2008 60 (06-08) 60,518 7,779 1,733 21,296 2,696 520 5,141 270 19

2008 60 (08-10) 84,047 14,614 3,870 29,826 4,390 1,001 7,471 558 39

2008 65 (06-08) 78,232 13,016 3,119 28,112 3,966 886 6,989 520 19

2008 65 (08-10) 104,765 21,334 7,105 39,183 6,258 1,656 9,531 905 116

2008 70 (06-08) 94,695 17,945 5,257 34,697 5,218 1,367 8,491 732 77

2008 70 (08-10) 132,665 32,367 12,053 52,565 9,088 2,773 13,382 1,232 231

2008 75 (06-08) 114,951 25,551 8,896 43,882 7,432 2,137 10,860 1,021 154

2008 75 (08-10) 165,456 47,771 19,062 66,294 13,478 4,178 19,081 2,080 404

2008 base 194,704 62,154 27,091 80,677 17,849 6,046 24,569 2,984 558

2009 60 (08-10) 63,367 9,454 2,465 22,162 2,965 674 4,852 289 58

2009 65 (08-10) 79,946 14,268 4,217 28,824 4,217 982 6,547 462 58

2009 70 (08-10) 102,262 21,354 7,259 37,316 5,988 1,598 8,876 674 96

2009 75 (08-10) 128,622 31,751 11,534 47,501 8,376 2,619 12,477 1,136 193

2009 base 149,436 42,091 16,501 55,588 11,187 3,504 15,558 1,656 308

2010 60 (08-10) 84,702 13,440 3,485 28,516 3,678 693 6,489 385 116

2010 65 (08-10) 104,110 19,236 5,988 35,891 4,968 1,175 8,665 462 135

2010 70 (08-10) 127,929 27,939 9,589 45,903 7,028 2,022 12,458 866 154

2010 75 (08-10) 155,694 39,126 14,326 57,418 9,801 3,004 16,347 1,386 173

2010 base 177,202 49,350 19,255 67,372 12,766 4,159 19,736 1,791 250
6B-17 

Table 6B-17. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Baltimore.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 48,470 8,307 2,253 12,758 1,823 464 3,225 221 55

2006 65 (06-08) 64,421 14,261 4,330 17,453 2,762 817 4,860 464 99

2006 70 (06-08) 78,914 19,872 6,959 22,435 3,877 1,215 6,672 663 122

2006 75 (06-08) 94,080 26,047 10,339 27,936 5,435 1,801 8,826 873 166

2006 base 136,983 49,199 23,142 46,228 11,510 4,065 16,514 2,231 530

2007 60 (06-08) 48,526 8,263 2,176 11,532 1,546 409 3,292 188 11

2007 65 (06-08) 61,880 12,780 4,087 15,973 2,287 674 4,573 287 33

2007 70 (06-08) 73,357 17,265 5,965 19,971 3,104 950 6,053 387 66

2007 75 (06-08) 85,630 22,501 8,483 24,081 4,253 1,215 7,799 574 110

2007 base 117,719 39,214 17,287 35,712 8,086 2,728 13,233 1,624 287

2008 60 (06-08) 37,391 5,490 1,337 9,378 1,160 276 2,253 144 33

2008 60 (08-10) 40,009 6,263 1,613 10,218 1,303 309 2,441 166 33

2008 65 (06-08) 48,216 8,914 2,795 12,350 1,668 431 3,181 210 44

2008 65 (08-10) 49,630 9,422 2,982 12,869 1,701 464 3,303 210 44

2008 70 (06-08) 57,849 12,350 4,021 15,376 2,121 674 4,076 353 66

2008 70 (08-10) 60,367 13,255 4,429 16,138 2,364 740 4,330 409 77

2008 75 (06-08) 67,580 16,635 5,965 18,524 3,060 895 5,214 486 99

2008 75 (08-10) 69,955 17,674 6,440 19,353 3,281 983 5,634 508 99

2008 base 97,449 30,443 13,587 28,521 6,131 1,944 9,964 972 210

2009 60 (08-10) 34,066 4,264 862 8,638 1,149 298 2,154 77 11

2009 65 (08-10) 41,202 6,285 1,524 10,461 1,469 365 2,750 122 22

2009 70 (08-10) 49,067 8,969 2,264 12,559 1,878 541 3,513 199 33

2009 75 (08-10) 55,904 11,267 3,314 14,802 2,287 641 4,175 320 55

2009 base 73,523 19,253 6,882 19,861 3,535 1,094 5,987 486 88

2010 60 (08-10) 53,607 9,853 2,530 14,095 1,690 508 3,424 254 11

2010 65 (08-10) 65,669 14,029 4,628 18,038 2,507 784 4,750 398 33

2010 70 (08-10) 79,057 19,618 7,014 22,523 3,833 1,116 6,329 596 55

2010 75 (08-10) 91,396 25,229 9,942 27,372 5,026 1,646 8,152 795 110

2010 base 122,855 41,799 18,734 39,766 8,848 3,292 14,150 1,767 398
6B-18 

Table 6B-18. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Boston.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 63,224 9,588 2,314 20,289 2,492 601 5,072 267 0

2006 65 (06-08) 81,333 15,839 4,249 27,274 3,671 1,001 7,897 400 22

2006 70 (06-08) 106,761 25,628 8,387 35,861 6,451 1,713 11,613 779 156

2006 75 (06-08) 123,423 33,614 12,569 42,024 8,431 2,447 14,416 1,268 222

2006 base 156,170 49,921 21,713 55,661 12,302 4,116 19,844 2,403 445

2007 60 (06-08) 80,421 15,350 4,071 23,603 2,781 623 6,229 512 111

2007 65 (06-08) 104,736 25,116 7,942 32,502 4,761 1,023 9,633 823 200

2007 70 (06-08) 137,327 39,999 15,083 45,294 8,120 2,314 15,639 1,424 378

2007 75 (06-08) 160,686 51,545 21,357 54,393 11,323 3,315 19,510 2,136 512

2007 base 198,082 70,766 34,082 69,565 16,307 5,406 27,341 3,381 890

2008 60 (06-08) 60,421 8,632 1,691 20,200 2,469 512 5,161 289 44

2008 60 (08-10) 69,431 11,679 2,670 22,691 2,870 667 6,474 356 44

2008 65 (06-08) 77,395 14,416 3,960 25,717 3,470 845 7,631 378 44

2008 65 (08-10) 92,768 19,933 6,140 30,856 4,961 1,201 9,722 489 67

2008 70 (06-08) 100,821 22,892 7,542 33,236 5,628 1,424 10,678 690 67

2008 70 (08-10) 116,772 28,943 10,545 39,176 7,208 2,024 13,214 1,046 111

2008 75 (06-08) 116,772 28,943 10,545 39,176 7,208 2,024 13,214 1,046 111

2008 75 (08-10) 135,303 38,575 15,528 46,228 9,344 2,959 16,195 1,424 267

2008 base 142,578 42,891 17,597 48,342 10,100 3,270 17,797 1,691 378

2009 60 (08-10) 66,784 12,325 3,315 21,023 2,781 712 5,050 245 67

2009 65 (08-10) 85,360 18,687 5,762 26,629 3,849 1,201 7,364 445 89

2009 70 (08-10) 101,221 25,606 9,455 31,723 5,295 1,713 9,900 734 89

2009 75 (08-10) 109,475 29,477 11,101 33,570 6,251 1,980 11,123 734 111

2009 base 112,144 30,878 11,679 33,815 6,496 1,913 11,435 779 89

2010 60 (08-10) 72,234 11,257 2,380 22,691 2,714 578 5,806 378 67

2010 65 (08-10) 94,080 18,598 5,228 29,454 3,960 801 8,787 623 89

2010 70 (08-10) 115,593 27,474 8,810 37,174 5,851 1,379 11,746 845 133

2010 75 (08-10) 130,297 33,281 12,458 41,401 6,763 1,602 13,748 1,001 156

2010 base 134,858 35,950 13,659 42,891 7,030 1,735 14,438 1,135 156
6B-19 

Table 6B-19. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Chicago.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 156,351 27,874 8,053 49,780 7,052 1,794 11,475 751 83

2006 65 (06-08) 198,453 41,727 13,686 62,841 10,599 2,545 15,814 1,335 209

2006 70 (06-08) 238,177 57,625 21,406 75,526 13,394 4,006 20,321 1,961 417

2006 75 (06-08) 273,228 74,733 29,793 84,497 16,899 5,091 24,702 2,712 793

2006 base 276,315 78,864 31,337 83,537 16,899 5,007 24,535 2,754 709

2007 60 (06-08) 204,086 41,268 12,143 62,215 8,930 2,671 15,689 751 83

2007 65 (06-08) 263,130 64,385 22,533 83,996 14,563 4,256 24,076 1,669 250

2007 70 (06-08) 321,923 89,588 34,341 105,277 20,196 6,134 31,838 2,629 459

2007 75 (06-08) 373,789 116,919 49,530 123,845 25,662 9,013 40,851 3,755 709

2007 base 382,552 123,094 53,327 125,055 26,622 9,305 42,144 4,173 793

2008 60 (06-08) 134,319 19,194 4,548 42,603 4,965 1,294 8,888 459 42

2008 60 (08-10) 156,643 25,453 6,301 49,238 5,675 1,753 10,891 626 42

2008 65 (06-08) 165,071 27,748 6,843 51,825 6,259 1,919 12,017 626 42

2008 65 (08-10) 187,020 35,051 9,722 57,625 7,344 2,337 14,479 918 125

2008 70 (06-08) 192,569 36,970 10,307 59,169 7,886 2,378 14,855 960 125

2008 70 (08-10) 211,597 45,649 14,896 62,674 8,846 2,587 17,025 1,043 209

2008 75 (06-08) 212,139 45,816 15,230 62,215 8,554 2,462 16,732 1,085 209

2008 75 (08-10) 209,761 46,233 15,397 59,795 8,262 2,420 16,774 1,085 125

2008 base 209,761 46,233 15,397 59,795 8,262 2,420 16,774 1,085 125

2009 60 (08-10) 154,974 27,581 7,970 52,075 7,553 2,128 11,725 793 125

2009 65 (08-10) 187,228 38,723 12,059 62,924 9,555 2,921 15,147 1,043 209

2009 70 (08-10) 214,852 51,992 16,899 69,767 11,642 3,380 18,068 1,252 209

2009 75 (08-10) 214,560 52,993 17,525 65,553 11,391 3,255 17,191 1,252 209

2009 base 214,560 52,993 17,525 65,553 11,391 3,255 17,191 1,252 209

2010 60 (08-10) 205,713 40,058 11,433 70,560 11,600 3,463 17,025 1,043 209

2010 65 (08-10) 250,403 59,503 19,320 86,375 15,898 4,548 22,574 1,502 209

2010 70 (08-10) 291,295 78,947 27,790 99,060 19,737 5,842 27,832 2,253 459

2010 75 (08-10) 296,344 83,662 31,087 95,763 19,904 5,675 27,456 2,295 584

2010 base 296,344 83,662 31,087 95,763 19,904 5,675 27,456 2,295 584
6B-20 

Table 6B-20. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Cleveland.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 25,461 2,585 364 7,163 619 67 2,087 121 0

2006 65 (06-08) 44,459 7,432 1,723 13,316 1,818 256 4,282 242 67

2006 70 (06-08) 61,047 12,414 3,824 18,850 3,016 660 6,220 592 121

2006 75 (06-08) 77,837 18,863 6,786 24,922 4,847 1,225 8,415 902 188

2006 base 100,309 29,891 12,266 34,455 7,594 2,477 12,481 1,616 431

2007 60 (06-08) 31,345 3,932 956 7,594 714 148 2,329 121 0

2007 65 (06-08) 57,600 10,664 3,353 15,376 1,898 565 4,672 350 67

2007 70 (06-08) 78,645 18,446 6,382 22,795 3,299 1,010 7,836 727 108

2007 75 (06-08) 98,504 26,686 10,650 31,062 5,601 1,750 11,216 1,239 148

2007 base 125,271 41,012 18,486 41,928 9,263 3,137 17,557 2,020 431

2008 60 (06-08) 27,696 2,801 404 7,365 714 162 2,033 94 0

2008 60 (08-10) 27,696 2,801 404 7,365 714 162 2,033 94 0

2008 65 (06-08) 49,441 7,917 2,208 13,491 1,723 417 4,416 229 27

2008 65 (08-10) 43,409 6,490 1,468 11,606 1,387 323 3,608 175 27

2008 70 (06-08) 67,011 13,909 4,578 19,092 3,083 727 6,557 417 81

2008 70 (08-10) 62,986 12,131 3,985 17,692 2,733 660 5,951 323 67

2008 75 (06-08) 83,936 21,650 7,769 25,219 4,551 1,225 9,196 808 121

2008 75 (08-10) 81,580 20,546 7,325 24,451 4,268 1,118 8,752 727 94

2008 base 106,031 31,991 13,033 33,270 6,974 2,100 13,047 1,319 296

2009 60 (08-10) 24,936 3,258 525 7,042 619 81 1,737 94 13

2009 65 (08-10) 35,599 5,790 1,373 9,721 1,252 202 2,599 202 27

2009 70 (08-10) 48,902 9,169 2,854 13,693 2,020 350 4,228 350 27

2009 75 (08-10) 61,235 13,383 4,537 17,907 3,029 767 5,897 525 40

2009 base 74,269 18,931 6,974 21,974 4,093 1,198 7,473 727 148

2010 60 (08-10) 29,581 2,774 539 7,904 660 67 2,060 81 0

2010 65 (08-10) 45,065 6,019 1,333 12,360 1,441 242 3,770 148 13

2010 70 (08-10) 64,211 11,956 3,272 18,554 2,679 700 5,884 404 67

2010 75 (08-10) 82,832 19,213 6,194 25,528 4,214 1,118 8,577 673 94

2010 base 107,027 29,716 12,037 33,634 7,096 2,087 12,454 1,225 296
6B-21 

Table 6B-21. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Dallas.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 139,213 28,519 9,397 47,830 6,272 1,410 13,249 893 70

2006 65 (06-08) 171,444 41,205 15,129 61,831 9,209 2,490 17,830 1,480 211

2006 70 (06-08) 207,739 56,052 22,059 79,896 13,367 4,041 24,432 2,185 423

2006 75 (06-08) 236,916 70,147 29,412 96,646 17,877 5,662 30,187 3,265 681

2006 base 328,723 119,621 58,495 146,942 37,540 12,850 53,327 7,165 1,738

2007 60 (06-08) 95,636 16,515 4,557 30,140 3,759 822 7,494 423 47

2007 65 (06-08) 118,799 24,173 7,635 38,879 5,168 1,292 10,125 775 47

2007 70 (06-08) 144,992 34,016 12,098 49,239 7,470 1,903 13,132 1,175 211

2007 75 (06-08) 165,971 42,943 16,891 58,143 9,538 2,678 16,162 1,574 305

2007 base 235,178 79,144 36,013 89,598 20,626 6,907 28,519 3,759 869

2008 60 (06-08) 92,699 14,401 3,406 30,140 3,759 564 7,564 258 23

2008 60 (08-10) 92,699 14,401 3,406 30,140 3,759 564 7,564 258 23

2008 65 (06-08) 114,946 21,096 6,037 37,493 5,215 1,175 9,843 399 47

2008 65 (08-10) 114,946 21,096 6,037 37,493 5,215 1,175 9,843 399 47

2008 70 (06-08) 139,237 29,506 9,420 46,960 6,883 1,879 12,686 869 94

2008 70 (08-10) 139,237 29,506 9,420 46,960 6,883 1,879 12,686 869 94

2008 75 (06-08) 157,889 37,916 12,803 55,324 8,880 2,655 15,223 1,104 164

2008 75 (08-10) 163,481 39,889 13,813 57,720 9,350 2,796 16,092 1,151 188

2008 base 215,421 65,895 27,650 81,517 16,233 5,474 24,408 2,514 376

2009 60 (08-10) 104,751 19,381 5,215 33,406 4,604 1,104 8,363 470 23

2009 65 (08-10) 129,840 27,744 9,162 43,672 6,249 1,856 11,464 752 70

2009 70 (08-10) 157,702 38,151 14,236 55,465 9,303 2,631 15,199 1,292 117

2009 75 (08-10) 186,503 50,931 20,767 69,795 12,521 3,970 20,649 1,738 305

2009 base 253,878 86,075 39,279 101,979 22,458 8,387 32,818 3,970 775

2010 60 (08-10) 92,605 14,330 3,688 29,670 3,430 681 7,048 352 23

2010 65 (08-10) 112,221 20,626 6,343 37,775 4,957 1,034 9,632 705 23

2010 70 (08-10) 135,619 28,613 9,796 47,289 6,836 1,480 12,169 1,104 117

2010 75 (08-10) 159,675 38,621 13,484 57,203 9,397 2,420 15,646 1,597 211

2010 base 210,371 63,898 26,734 76,654 15,740 5,309 24,197 2,702 564
6B-22 

Table 6B-22. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Denver.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 69,871 12,934 4,058 28,455 4,058 893 8,338 630 13

2006 65 (06-08) 84,762 18,620 6,211 36,203 5,857 1,287 11,319 880 118

2006 70 (06-08) 99,613 25,146 9,139 43,359 7,852 2,180 13,906 1,379 236

2006 75 (06-08) 113,335 31,567 12,370 50,398 9,848 2,994 16,716 1,904 394

2006 base 134,884 43,425 19,408 61,270 14,549 5,003 22,021 3,283 748

2007 60 (06-08) 63,896 11,004 3,178 25,658 3,545 748 7,157 473 79

2007 65 (06-08) 77,159 15,862 4,950 31,869 5,082 1,050 9,113 788 118

2007 70 (06-08) 90,303 20,629 7,288 37,345 6,198 1,563 11,109 1,077 210

2007 75 (06-08) 102,174 25,619 9,809 42,834 7,826 2,245 13,302 1,379 263

2007 base 119,454 35,349 14,418 50,398 10,137 3,204 16,532 2,140 420

2008 60 (06-08) 67,416 12,002 3,493 28,613 4,005 919 8,181 473 66

2008 60 (08-10) 67,416 12,002 3,493 28,613 4,005 919 8,181 473 66

2008 65 (06-08) 82,464 17,057 5,436 35,993 5,568 1,326 10,636 814 118

2008 65 (08-10) 98,576 22,612 7,931 43,963 7,262 2,245 13,459 1,182 184

2008 70 (06-08) 97,552 22,257 7,787 43,451 7,051 2,193 13,341 1,169 171

2008 70 (08-10) 114,583 29,729 11,726 52,906 9,783 3,151 16,611 1,720 328

2008 75 (06-08) 110,735 27,772 10,886 50,660 9,231 2,955 15,731 1,628 276

2008 75 (08-10) 126,007 36,203 14,602 58,618 11,674 3,847 19,053 2,140 420

2008 base 128,817 37,989 15,600 59,931 12,396 3,952 19,697 2,259 473

2009 60 (08-10) 53,326 8,496 2,088 21,627 2,744 643 5,909 302 13

2009 65 (08-10) 75,518 15,403 4,924 31,935 4,885 1,182 9,336 604 39

2009 70 (08-10) 86,548 20,038 7,025 36,899 6,001 1,510 11,148 827 79

2009 75 (08-10) 94,637 24,371 8,850 39,459 6,776 1,838 12,422 1,090 105

2009 base 96,646 25,514 9,560 40,457 7,117 1,996 12,645 1,142 118

2010 60 (08-10) 59,589 9,678 2,311 24,030 3,151 748 6,395 446 26

2010 65 (08-10) 84,683 17,885 5,804 35,559 5,423 1,602 9,993 919 92

2010 70 (08-10) 98,248 23,045 8,325 42,085 7,498 2,114 12,462 1,169 210

2010 75 (08-10) 108,345 28,048 10,912 46,340 8,732 2,534 14,339 1,497 302

2010 base 111,077 29,755 11,857 47,180 9,310 2,771 14,943 1,484 328
6B-23 

Table 6B-23. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Detroit.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 76,155 11,774 2,835 23,731 3,315 663 6,790 320 23

2006 65 (06-08) 97,279 18,884 5,190 31,139 4,870 1,326 9,145 732 91

2006 70 (06-08) 115,661 25,629 8,253 37,586 6,356 1,875 11,317 1,052 160

2006 75 (06-08) 138,706 35,734 13,032 46,548 9,054 2,926 14,472 1,509 297

2006 base 178,281 54,893 23,708 60,928 13,969 4,801 19,959 2,629 549

2007 60 (06-08) 92,227 15,638 4,298 24,120 3,361 686 6,744 434 91

2007 65 (06-08) 122,405 26,703 8,025 33,631 5,121 1,395 10,242 823 206

2007 70 (06-08) 147,874 36,443 12,574 43,073 7,339 2,195 13,672 1,235 320

2007 75 (06-08) 180,887 51,669 21,056 56,424 10,997 3,246 18,953 1,943 457

2007 base 240,741 85,597 39,438 81,939 19,273 6,356 30,933 3,681 846

2008 60 (06-08) 71,674 9,762 2,012 21,216 2,538 549 5,921 412 23

2008 60 (08-10) 85,871 14,060 3,544 25,743 3,612 732 7,247 617 46

2008 65 (06-08) 90,398 15,478 4,047 27,481 3,978 960 7,659 732 46

2008 65 (08-10) 112,574 23,754 7,087 34,774 5,647 1,532 9,762 960 137

2008 70 (06-08) 106,356 21,536 6,036 32,602 5,075 1,395 9,031 823 91

2008 70 (08-10) 139,346 34,568 12,254 43,759 7,819 2,309 13,717 1,349 251

2008 75 (06-08) 128,898 30,293 10,105 40,101 6,996 2,035 11,911 1,166 183

2008 75 (08-10) 160,654 45,153 18,061 49,360 10,105 3,269 16,438 1,920 343

2008 base 160,654 45,153 18,061 49,360 10,105 3,269 16,438 1,920 343

2009 60 (08-10) 74,326 12,026 2,858 23,571 3,201 663 6,196 412 23

2009 65 (08-10) 96,525 19,524 5,807 31,139 5,007 1,166 8,848 572 137

2009 70 (08-10) 116,987 26,955 9,534 38,889 6,790 1,829 11,660 846 206

2009 75 (08-10) 133,311 35,460 14,129 42,295 8,208 2,309 13,009 1,257 297

2009 base 133,311 35,460 14,129 42,295 8,208 2,309 13,009 1,257 297

2010 60 (08-10) 93,964 15,089 3,772 28,487 3,932 1,166 7,796 457 69

2010 65 (08-10) 123,297 25,171 7,453 38,317 6,379 1,806 11,134 914 251

2010 70 (08-10) 149,177 35,894 12,209 47,462 8,871 2,949 15,181 1,623 297

2010 75 (08-10) 174,051 48,537 18,267 55,098 11,431 4,001 17,810 2,058 434

2010 base 174,051 48,537 18,267 55,098 11,431 4,001 17,810 2,058 434
6B-24 

Table 6B-24. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Houston.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 86,135 12,541 2,767 28,378 3,081 432 6,339 334 39

2006 65 (06-08) 112,865 22,078 7,045 36,601 4,592 864 8,812 550 98

2006 70 (06-08) 134,158 31,126 10,853 43,529 6,339 1,217 11,206 805 137

2006 75 (06-08) 156,727 40,742 15,367 51,477 8,557 2,100 14,444 1,178 177

2006 base 260,388 100,972 50,653 94,967 24,610 8,498 34,501 4,357 1,236

2007 60 (06-08) 71,809 8,871 2,100 24,433 2,492 491 5,848 118 39

2007 65 (06-08) 90,178 14,385 3,650 30,282 3,415 824 7,222 294 39

2007 70 (06-08) 104,191 19,566 5,868 34,894 4,475 1,138 8,400 530 39

2007 75 (06-08) 119,479 25,513 8,046 40,134 5,613 1,511 9,930 746 98

2007 base 192,720 64,194 27,691 65,980 14,483 4,632 19,802 2,100 432

2008 60 (06-08) 73,065 9,145 1,884 24,826 2,630 530 6,417 216 39

2008 60 (08-10) 88,687 12,855 3,160 29,811 3,631 746 7,811 314 59

2008 65 (06-08) 90,747 13,463 3,415 30,537 3,748 746 8,046 314 59

2008 65 (08-10) 113,375 22,530 6,771 38,976 5,495 1,217 10,872 569 79

2008 70 (06-08) 102,974 18,330 5,044 35,208 4,632 1,001 9,538 451 59

2008 70 (08-10) 135,552 31,518 10,598 47,081 7,458 2,080 13,345 864 137

2008 75 (06-08) 115,612 23,433 7,085 39,545 5,691 1,315 11,167 608 98

2008 75 (08-10) 157,041 41,723 15,720 55,422 9,715 2,767 16,367 1,217 236

2008 base 177,020 54,146 22,314 61,015 11,893 3,729 18,801 1,963 393

2009 60 (08-10) 90,198 14,562 3,925 30,262 4,141 981 7,301 373 39

2009 65 (08-10) 116,633 25,689 8,635 39,074 6,300 1,335 10,460 864 79

2009 70 (08-10) 138,711 36,680 14,012 47,061 8,498 2,237 13,561 1,276 137

2009 75 (08-10) 161,163 48,416 19,959 55,088 11,500 3,336 16,446 2,002 314

2009 base 185,478 63,939 30,066 60,112 14,405 4,946 19,566 2,728 707

2010 60 (08-10) 91,395 14,385 3,591 31,832 3,905 648 7,379 451 59

2010 65 (08-10) 118,497 23,845 7,359 40,016 5,554 1,217 9,518 726 118

2010 70 (08-10) 141,125 33,991 11,697 47,984 7,301 1,864 12,168 962 236

2010 75 (08-10) 162,576 44,922 17,035 55,402 9,616 2,649 14,896 1,276 255

2010 base 186,676 59,111 25,650 61,525 12,717 3,533 18,094 1,943 353
6B-25 

Table 6B-25. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Los Angeles.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 405,677 61,670 13,530 209,305 25,042 6,503 45,599 2,168 299

2006 65 (06-08) 490,820 87,235 25,416 258,342 35,208 10,017 58,605 3,588 598

2006 70 (06-08) 567,963 116,089 38,348 308,874 48,290 13,829 73,257 5,532 1,196

2006 75 (06-08) 657,142 152,867 53,896 361,723 63,539 18,090 91,720 8,671 1,719

2006 base 1,014,904 399,623 202,727 536,418 146,140 58,830 183,216 34,012 10,988

2007 60 (06-08) 395,362 57,858 13,231 206,763 25,191 5,158 43,132 2,093 224

2007 65 (06-08) 474,898 82,974 23,098 253,035 36,030 8,372 57,260 3,364 523

2007 70 (06-08) 546,136 110,932 34,760 296,989 46,421 12,783 72,360 4,485 748

2007 75 (06-08) 631,727 144,495 50,607 351,333 59,801 18,389 90,151 6,728 1,121

2007 base 910,550 337,579 163,557 465,030 118,407 44,477 151,372 22,949 6,952

2008 60 (06-08) 420,179 67,127 16,520 215,584 26,537 5,831 47,991 2,691 299

2008 60 (08-10) 429,748 70,192 17,268 219,920 27,359 6,204 49,187 2,766 374

2008 65 (06-08) 508,013 92,767 26,686 264,472 37,152 9,045 62,866 4,111 673

2008 65 (08-10) 517,431 96,205 27,658 270,452 38,497 9,718 64,585 4,336 673

2008 70 (06-08) 588,296 121,098 38,348 316,424 49,859 13,082 79,461 5,980 897

2008 70 (08-10) 599,882 126,106 40,515 325,245 52,625 13,605 82,077 6,354 972

2008 75 (06-08) 673,588 157,278 55,167 376,450 67,725 19,286 99,270 9,194 1,794

2008 75 (08-10) 677,250 158,847 55,840 378,169 68,174 19,585 100,093 9,194 1,794

2008 base 1,000,103 380,486 190,393 544,267 143,523 55,466 181,422 30,573 8,148

2009 60 (08-10) 431,766 64,810 17,193 222,611 27,434 6,429 49,785 2,841 449

2009 65 (08-10) 516,086 92,393 26,836 270,676 39,917 10,764 65,482 4,485 673

2009 70 (08-10) 596,892 122,742 38,422 319,937 53,447 14,502 80,807 5,831 1,047

2009 75 (08-10) 671,794 153,689 52,177 369,722 67,576 20,482 98,448 7,924 2,093

2009 base 938,134 339,597 164,080 486,409 122,144 44,702 158,548 27,135 7,251

2010 60 (08-10) 370,395 53,298 12,259 202,054 24,743 5,457 41,263 2,542 523

2010 65 (08-10) 446,641 74,826 21,005 244,064 35,582 8,746 55,840 3,812 673

2010 70 (08-10) 518,926 100,018 32,367 292,204 46,869 12,259 73,257 5,233 1,271

2010 75 (08-10) 588,819 127,526 42,833 339,821 58,306 17,641 88,132 6,204 1,645

2010 base 713,430 229,413 102,709 352,529 74,378 24,593 107,493 15,474 2,915
6B-26 

Table 6B-26. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=New York.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 65 (06-08) 93,438 6,297 1,019 32,134 3,056 278 7,131 278 0

2006 70 (06-08) 355,415 70,935 22,225 112,329 14,261 3,426 29,448 1,667 278

2006 75 (06-08) 488,858 123,164 44,821 155,760 23,614 6,668 45,654 3,334 648

2006 base 892,058 328,931 157,242 322,448 79,269 30,004 119,274 14,631 3,426

2007 65 (06-08) 110,662 9,909 2,130 38,894 3,889 556 8,797 648 93

2007 70 (06-08) 408,107 81,770 22,318 132,702 17,780 3,982 35,467 2,500 926

2007 75 (06-08) 544,050 133,165 45,284 184,283 28,985 7,316 51,303 3,519 1,019

2007 base 910,301 327,356 150,852 339,580 82,140 27,689 119,274 13,798 2,871

2008 65 (06-08) 99,179 7,408 1,852 32,967 2,963 648 6,945 463 0

2008 65 (08-10) 147,889 14,261 2,778 49,914 5,186 1,111 11,483 741 93

2008 70 (06-08) 362,176 71,028 20,558 122,979 18,243 4,538 34,356 2,778 556

2008 70 (08-10) 449,316 100,013 36,301 153,908 25,281 7,316 44,728 3,241 741

2008 75 (06-08) 489,507 113,348 43,802 167,243 28,707 8,612 49,451 3,612 926

2008 75 (08-10) 629,524 175,393 72,324 221,232 43,802 15,002 71,028 7,131 1,389

2008 base 823,067 287,999 125,108 300,223 73,620 26,948 105,384 13,520 3,149

2009 65 (08-10) 127,238 12,594 2,223 45,376 3,704 741 9,909 370 0

2009 70 (08-10) 324,300 60,656 16,669 106,680 15,095 3,149 29,911 1,852 185

2009 75 (08-10) 438,574 103,346 32,226 146,407 23,429 6,575 43,431 3,797 463

2009 base 531,364 145,759 56,581 171,411 30,745 9,816 54,544 5,649 648

2010 65 (08-10) 167,429 18,984 4,352 58,433 5,834 833 13,705 463 0

2010 70 (08-10) 523,400 115,663 40,561 174,559 27,596 6,668 52,970 3,797 463

2010 75 (08-10) 716,109 200,581 79,918 252,532 50,006 14,354 84,270 6,853 1,759

2010 base 907,060 302,261 135,851 330,875 77,602 25,929 122,238 14,168 3,056

 
6B-27 

Table 6B-27. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Philadelphia.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 113,333 18,586 4,268 28,719 3,194 661 8,233 358 110

2006 65 (06-08) 141,033 26,433 7,655 36,731 4,736 991 11,097 551 110

2006 70 (06-08) 171,101 38,686 12,996 45,928 6,553 1,597 15,475 881 193

2006 75 (06-08) 201,334 52,068 19,550 57,768 9,307 2,561 19,550 1,239 248

2006 base 308,775 108,570 50,334 101,025 23,267 7,517 41,522 4,350 936

2007 60 (06-08) 127,899 22,358 5,672 33,124 3,772 688 9,692 523 83

2007 65 (06-08) 157,774 33,179 10,381 42,486 5,727 1,404 13,079 826 165

2007 70 (06-08) 193,156 47,855 17,237 55,070 8,784 2,175 18,118 1,459 248

2007 75 (06-08) 226,639 63,633 24,947 67,350 11,317 3,524 23,597 2,065 468

2007 base 335,043 125,641 61,237 114,903 29,104 10,408 48,324 6,443 1,735

2008 60 (06-08) 100,860 15,062 2,946 25,167 2,726 523 7,737 330 165

2008 60 (08-10) 125,201 22,606 5,865 31,665 3,993 716 10,023 633 193

2008 65 (06-08) 125,201 22,606 5,865 31,665 3,993 716 10,023 633 193

2008 65 (08-10) 155,103 33,895 10,876 41,247 5,782 1,514 13,437 1,074 220

2008 70 (06-08) 155,103 33,895 10,876 41,247 5,782 1,514 13,437 1,074 220

2008 70 (08-10) 191,725 49,425 18,503 54,464 9,224 2,478 18,724 1,707 303

2008 75 (06-08) 183,382 45,845 16,714 51,958 8,343 2,203 17,485 1,597 303

2008 75 (08-10) 229,475 66,221 27,480 69,140 12,969 3,855 25,415 2,643 551

2008 base 293,521 100,832 46,589 95,738 21,505 7,297 37,668 5,232 1,184

2009 60 (08-10) 93,618 12,143 2,643 23,845 2,643 413 6,691 413 28

2009 65 (08-10) 111,268 17,705 4,213 28,719 3,469 661 8,591 523 55

2009 70 (08-10) 132,332 24,781 7,021 35,878 4,626 1,074 10,628 743 138

2009 75 (08-10) 154,030 33,592 10,601 42,624 6,278 1,569 13,024 1,019 193

2009 base 188,531 49,921 18,999 52,894 9,114 2,506 17,209 1,625 330

2010 60 (08-10) 138,555 24,506 6,801 34,776 4,130 551 10,931 661 110

2010 65 (08-10) 169,119 35,988 11,702 44,964 5,920 1,349 14,841 1,074 138

2010 70 (08-10) 207,777 51,215 18,476 58,484 9,555 2,423 20,183 1,762 275

2010 75 (08-10) 243,270 67,873 27,535 73,298 13,630 3,772 27,012 2,588 551

2010 base 305,746 101,273 45,515 97,748 21,422 7,489 39,760 4,791 1,129
6B-28 

Table 6B-28. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Sacramento.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 45,497 7,639 1,975 11,425 1,185 125 2,977 164 10

2006 65 (06-08) 59,888 12,658 3,872 16,415 1,907 462 4,662 347 48

2006 70 (06-08) 71,072 16,944 5,982 19,969 2,803 674 6,127 433 67

2006 75 (06-08) 83,557 22,146 8,246 24,506 4,036 983 7,822 732 144

2006 base 136,230 50,872 24,400 47,327 11,955 4,306 18,322 3,131 722

2007 60 (06-08) 34,448 4,528 1,166 8,544 665 106 2,187 116 0

2007 65 (06-08) 44,697 7,543 2,216 11,165 1,098 164 2,938 193 19

2007 70 (06-08) 52,220 10,115 3,198 13,236 1,435 318 3,622 260 19

2007 75 (06-08) 60,794 13,399 4,460 15,914 2,196 462 4,566 405 39

2007 base 99,673 32,415 14,112 29,554 6,425 1,927 10,510 1,300 289

2008 60 (06-08) 43,869 7,494 2,264 11,319 1,194 279 2,919 116 0

2008 60 (08-10) 43,869 7,494 2,264 11,319 1,194 279 2,919 116 0

2008 65 (06-08) 57,336 12,359 4,027 15,499 2,023 511 4,316 299 19

2008 65 (08-10) 55,794 11,598 3,776 14,960 1,907 453 4,133 270 10

2008 70 (06-08) 67,248 16,049 5,693 18,987 2,832 684 5,491 511 29

2008 70 (08-10) 65,668 15,519 5,385 18,399 2,688 617 5,211 443 29

2008 75 (06-08) 78,249 20,759 8,236 23,061 4,075 944 7,205 780 87

2008 75 (08-10) 76,602 20,008 7,783 22,560 3,901 915 6,897 742 77

2008 base 127,907 48,454 23,129 45,227 10,808 4,094 17,445 2,861 771

2009 60 (08-10) 40,131 6,387 1,676 10,384 1,108 193 2,591 202 29

2009 65 (08-10) 51,190 10,018 3,150 13,650 1,830 433 3,661 279 39

2009 70 (08-10) 60,697 13,428 4,720 16,916 2,485 597 4,768 414 77

2009 75 (08-10) 71,708 17,773 6,589 20,586 3,545 896 6,184 617 116

2009 base 119,083 41,798 20,037 39,534 10,182 3,718 14,555 2,129 626

2010 60 (08-10) 30,585 3,583 867 7,880 607 87 1,927 106 0

2010 65 (08-10) 38,696 6,001 1,657 9,999 867 154 2,514 106 10

2010 70 (08-10) 45,728 8,140 2,466 11,762 1,137 202 3,208 212 29

2010 75 (08-10) 53,627 10,943 3,583 14,382 1,589 318 4,055 289 48

2010 base 89,596 27,801 11,839 25,855 4,865 1,233 8,949 1,031 250
6B-29 

Table 6B-29. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=St. Louis.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 46,537 7,314 1,673 13,036 1,603 374 3,651 234 47

2006 65 (06-08) 62,276 12,556 3,768 18,266 2,726 749 5,535 456 59

2006 70 (06-08) 80,238 19,237 6,576 24,819 4,154 1,240 8,016 784 176

2006 75 (06-08) 98,364 26,972 10,555 32,074 6,272 2,024 11,011 1,077 316

2006 base 127,782 42,816 18,910 44,724 10,461 3,569 17,424 2,059 538

2007 60 (06-08) 52,763 10,134 2,773 14,194 1,732 410 4,189 281 35

2007 65 (06-08) 70,888 16,675 5,605 20,782 3,042 749 6,190 538 117

2007 70 (06-08) 90,114 24,573 9,595 28,716 5,043 1,404 9,467 901 246

2007 75 (06-08) 109,773 33,993 14,615 37,445 7,641 2,434 13,199 1,486 421

2007 base 142,865 51,206 24,503 51,499 12,883 4,669 20,630 2,785 772

2008 60 (06-08) 30,167 3,628 655 8,718 983 222 2,282 94 23

2008 60 (08-10) 43,413 6,892 1,627 12,415 1,498 456 3,639 176 23

2008 65 (06-08) 40,195 5,991 1,240 11,339 1,357 363 3,312 152 23

2008 65 (08-10) 57,116 10,953 3,429 17,038 2,329 702 5,079 351 59

2008 70 (06-08) 50,715 8,811 2,609 15,048 1,919 573 4,435 257 47

2008 70 (08-10) 69,648 15,598 5,476 21,215 3,347 948 6,764 573 129

2008 75 (06-08) 61,925 12,977 4,119 18,711 2,738 796 5,734 433 82

2008 75 (08-10) 77,289 18,863 6,822 23,871 3,990 1,088 7,945 831 152

2008 base 79,606 20,068 7,466 24,527 4,283 1,147 8,320 843 140

2009 60 (08-10) 38,253 5,863 1,428 10,707 1,147 269 2,855 129 12

2009 65 (08-10) 50,855 9,572 2,843 14,452 1,896 468 4,025 269 47

2009 70 (08-10) 61,878 13,831 4,669 18,442 2,656 726 5,406 433 82

2009 75 (08-10) 70,666 17,389 6,284 21,040 3,417 1,030 6,436 632 82

2009 base 73,147 18,652 6,974 21,777 3,628 1,205 6,881 667 94

2010 60 (08-10) 52,295 9,467 2,668 15,411 2,282 550 4,973 363 23

2010 65 (08-10) 69,531 15,879 5,219 21,964 3,709 983 7,384 632 82

2010 70 (08-10) 85,188 22,093 8,121 27,721 5,277 1,615 9,724 1,053 211

2010 75 (08-10) 97,311 27,756 11,023 31,817 6,611 2,212 11,748 1,334 339

2010 base 100,669 29,488 11,959 33,256 7,103 2,446 12,544 1,404 374
6B-30 

Table 6B-30. Counts of persons with lung function decrements > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Washington, DC.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 74,740 11,471 2,924 24,606 3,149 810 6,208 427 90

2006 65 (06-08) 101,033 19,118 6,073 34,345 4,858 1,305 8,524 787 112

2006 70 (06-08) 127,214 28,452 9,694 45,119 6,950 2,024 11,921 1,147 247

2006 75 (06-08) 153,597 38,686 14,440 55,150 9,672 3,036 15,699 1,462 382

2006 base 250,897 90,260 42,600 102,428 24,809 8,907 36,122 4,566 1,282

2007 60 (06-08) 86,751 13,360 3,126 29,172 3,531 742 7,625 607 90

2007 65 (06-08) 112,594 21,525 5,893 39,091 5,488 1,125 10,841 967 157

2007 70 (06-08) 138,527 31,714 10,009 49,999 8,210 2,069 14,732 1,417 315

2007 75 (06-08) 163,246 41,992 14,620 60,908 11,111 3,194 18,443 1,822 517

2007 base 254,518 89,225 40,868 105,599 25,393 9,064 37,696 5,038 1,462

2008 60 (06-08) 67,588 9,424 2,069 22,604 2,834 607 5,196 292 22

2008 60 (08-10) 75,640 11,516 2,767 25,303 3,216 675 5,825 382 22

2008 65 (06-08) 87,673 14,845 3,981 29,622 3,959 877 6,815 472 67

2008 65 (08-10) 107,489 21,660 6,815 37,044 5,263 1,439 9,469 720 180

2008 70 (06-08) 107,489 21,660 6,815 37,044 5,263 1,439 9,469 720 180

2008 70 (08-10) 135,828 32,568 11,943 47,863 8,165 2,497 14,215 1,080 337

2008 75 (06-08) 127,844 29,442 10,256 44,759 7,377 2,024 12,730 945 270

2008 75 (08-10) 173,592 49,392 20,490 63,922 12,618 3,981 20,468 1,912 495

2008 base 207,465 66,936 29,779 76,877 16,689 5,555 26,113 2,564 630

2009 60 (08-10) 59,446 7,625 1,417 19,905 2,249 450 4,836 247 90

2009 65 (08-10) 80,206 12,685 3,239 26,181 3,216 810 6,725 405 90

2009 70 (08-10) 97,840 17,701 5,511 32,276 4,296 1,102 8,997 720 112

2009 75 (08-10) 119,207 26,428 8,502 40,283 5,735 1,642 11,853 1,102 135

2009 base 135,851 33,513 11,358 44,107 7,130 1,867 13,720 1,350 225

2010 60 (08-10) 93,589 15,339 3,734 32,591 4,318 1,035 8,929 630 135

2010 65 (08-10) 129,441 27,732 8,907 48,065 7,647 1,957 14,485 1,057 315

2010 70 (08-10) 162,414 40,575 15,227 61,943 11,313 3,509 19,478 1,867 517

2010 75 (08-10) 204,361 60,098 24,539 81,286 17,229 5,578 27,575 2,946 697

2010 base 238,076 79,689 34,503 96,108 22,357 8,007 34,120 4,206 1,080

 
6B-31 

Table 6B-31. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Atlanta.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 311,580 39,934 8,395 56,647 5,199 982 12,188 443 19

2006 65 (06-08) 458,918 73,149 18,369 84,278 9,281 1,887 18,446 963 58

2006 70 (06-08) 602,077 110,599 31,597 111,119 15,115 2,965 25,782 1,425 135

2006 75 (06-08) 806,774 171,964 53,894 151,169 24,300 5,295 36,391 2,753 366

2006 base 1,664,477 488,705 194,126 331,451 70,935 23,549 93,540 11,014 2,368

2007 60 (06-08) 313,698 41,918 8,780 55,550 5,988 1,078 9,916 193 39

2007 65 (06-08) 462,384 74,843 19,081 81,813 10,186 2,137 16,078 732 58

2007 70 (06-08) 608,547 111,119 31,212 107,673 14,595 3,466 23,452 1,348 96

2007 75 (06-08) 811,049 170,539 53,990 147,357 23,452 5,699 33,715 2,137 231

2007 base 1,686,832 490,111 191,623 329,545 71,685 22,721 86,954 9,493 1,694

2008 60 (06-08) 190,256 18,388 3,331 37,065 3,716 616 7,413 347 19

2008 60 (08-10) 301,992 39,376 8,126 55,646 6,701 1,290 11,418 693 39

2008 65 (06-08) 273,745 34,312 6,489 51,564 5,911 1,098 10,513 616 19

2008 65 (08-10) 414,882 64,561 16,174 76,287 9,916 2,195 15,962 1,155 154

2008 70 (06-08) 357,330 51,333 11,514 65,543 8,010 1,771 13,671 905 96

2008 70 (08-10) 577,700 107,326 30,827 108,231 15,385 3,909 23,144 1,771 308

2008 75 (06-08) 473,609 79,618 21,315 87,667 11,880 2,927 18,485 1,348 212

2008 75 (08-10) 794,740 171,310 55,377 146,702 23,895 6,104 34,177 3,100 539

2008 base 990,773 240,993 84,047 182,439 32,329 9,146 45,268 4,467 809

2009 60 (08-10) 192,567 22,066 4,409 37,065 4,043 732 6,701 347 58

2009 65 (08-10) 261,133 36,526 8,491 49,388 6,007 1,175 9,570 539 58

2009 70 (08-10) 360,372 60,133 16,058 67,064 9,107 2,022 13,806 751 96

2009 75 (08-10) 491,901 96,466 29,190 90,209 13,209 3,350 19,794 1,348 231

2009 base 602,905 131,452 42,957 108,269 17,811 4,756 25,070 2,080 347

2010 60 (08-10) 304,726 38,952 7,702 51,892 5,083 847 9,839 443 135

2010 65 (08-10) 413,284 61,269 13,767 69,086 7,529 1,444 13,786 578 154

2010 70 (08-10) 562,778 98,796 25,532 94,252 11,264 2,619 20,391 1,059 193

2010 75 (08-10) 745,544 149,667 44,324 124,270 16,540 4,101 27,785 1,906 250

2010 base 902,605 199,036 64,407 149,841 22,528 5,796 34,639 2,580 327
6B-32 

Table 6B-32. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Baltimore.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 161,638 19,552 4,131 22,600 3,060 707 5,313 287 55

2006 65 (06-08) 239,557 38,463 8,969 32,796 4,684 1,270 8,285 574 99

2006 70 (06-08) 315,268 60,113 16,160 43,511 6,606 1,977 11,499 917 155

2006 75 (06-08) 408,143 87,585 26,356 56,921 9,356 2,806 15,697 1,314 199

2006 base 718,727 203,624 78,008 107,479 21,849 7,003 32,895 3,634 729

2007 60 (06-08) 158,733 19,408 3,711 20,513 2,342 641 4,838 243 11

2007 65 (06-08) 226,136 34,596 8,119 29,471 3,601 1,016 7,070 365 33

2007 70 (06-08) 292,071 51,066 13,123 37,999 4,971 1,447 9,577 574 77

2007 75 (06-08) 365,218 73,214 21,186 48,040 7,047 1,944 13,012 851 122

2007 base 584,086 153,011 54,678 79,190 14,824 4,507 24,511 2,408 376

2008 60 (06-08) 108,617 11,134 1,922 15,420 1,679 320 3,491 177 33

2008 60 (08-10) 118,912 12,935 2,397 16,901 1,900 376 3,800 221 44

2008 65 (06-08) 151,962 19,596 4,717 21,065 2,452 519 4,982 331 55

2008 65 (08-10) 157,960 20,844 5,059 21,860 2,530 563 5,114 331 55

2008 70 (06-08) 195,064 29,946 7,456 27,052 3,325 862 6,462 497 88

2008 70 (08-10) 207,391 33,083 8,550 28,841 3,623 972 7,003 608 99

2008 75 (06-08) 244,771 43,975 11,852 34,353 4,728 1,193 8,483 773 155

2008 75 (08-10) 256,811 47,752 13,145 36,055 5,070 1,326 9,157 862 155

2008 base 402,731 97,780 33,856 57,186 10,019 2,938 16,669 1,569 376

2009 60 (08-10) 93,947 8,152 1,160 14,437 1,624 353 3,281 99 11

2009 65 (08-10) 121,187 13,211 2,132 18,171 2,121 464 4,164 166 22

2009 70 (08-10) 154,635 20,468 3,667 22,545 2,828 685 5,379 320 44

2009 75 (08-10) 185,774 27,450 5,877 26,776 3,579 817 6,440 453 66

2009 base 268,399 52,215 14,194 36,762 5,479 1,535 9,356 696 133

2010 60 (08-10) 190,800 24,655 4,639 25,307 2,861 751 5,379 320 11

2010 65 (08-10) 256,845 40,053 9,290 34,066 4,220 1,160 7,799 519 44

2010 70 (08-10) 338,663 61,549 16,293 45,764 6,517 1,767 10,869 862 66

2010 75 (08-10) 420,615 86,392 25,638 57,760 8,848 2,585 14,581 1,071 155

2010 base 639,151 167,868 59,428 89,827 17,033 5,523 26,643 2,684 530
6B-33 

Table 6B-33. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Boston.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 166,848 18,420 3,582 31,056 3,181 734 7,030 334 0

2006 65 (06-08) 233,143 33,036 7,564 42,891 4,805 1,179 10,901 556 22

2006 70 (06-08) 331,027 59,265 15,750 59,999 8,498 2,069 17,219 1,112 200

2006 75 (06-08) 399,858 82,201 24,093 72,079 11,546 3,003 22,180 1,802 289

2006 base 533,425 130,431 45,650 95,148 17,219 5,117 31,301 3,203 645

2007 60 (06-08) 221,397 30,255 6,518 36,195 3,404 690 9,099 556 133

2007 65 (06-08) 320,193 56,261 14,571 52,702 6,118 1,179 14,060 1,001 222

2007 70 (06-08) 464,840 102,089 30,878 77,529 10,990 2,736 23,759 1,958 423

2007 75 (06-08) 573,425 140,553 46,918 98,085 15,817 4,271 30,722 2,937 623

2007 base 766,769 215,635 82,846 131,632 24,760 7,453 46,740 5,206 1,201

2008 60 (06-08) 158,973 17,063 2,759 30,811 3,203 578 7,052 311 44

2008 60 (08-10) 192,921 23,759 4,316 35,750 3,849 756 9,054 378 44

2008 65 (06-08) 221,397 30,010 6,585 40,733 4,650 979 10,612 445 44

2008 65 (08-10) 280,950 44,604 10,656 50,499 6,563 1,379 13,949 623 67

2008 70 (06-08) 311,673 52,680 13,237 55,549 7,430 1,691 15,795 868 67

2008 70 (08-10) 379,124 71,411 19,777 67,807 9,811 2,425 20,022 1,290 133

2008 75 (06-08) 379,146 71,411 19,777 67,807 9,811 2,425 20,022 1,290 133

2008 75 (08-10) 458,855 99,731 31,412 80,866 13,014 3,515 24,916 1,735 311

2008 base 487,019 110,943 36,106 85,360 14,371 3,915 27,341 2,024 423

2009 60 (08-10) 161,443 21,379 4,939 31,568 3,493 823 6,474 245 67

2009 65 (08-10) 218,482 35,127 8,943 41,868 4,939 1,313 9,588 556 89

2009 70 (08-10) 276,256 50,833 14,994 51,656 6,807 1,935 13,103 845 89

2009 75 (08-10) 305,622 60,488 18,821 53,614 7,942 2,269 14,861 823 111

2009 base 312,540 64,137 19,977 54,170 8,142 2,247 15,372 868 89

2010 60 (08-10) 209,005 24,582 4,338 36,062 3,804 645 8,921 534 67

2010 65 (08-10) 297,613 44,181 9,633 49,098 5,495 1,023 14,015 934 89

2010 70 (08-10) 392,516 68,831 17,575 64,159 8,164 1,757 18,776 1,268 133

2010 75 (08-10) 459,945 89,942 26,206 73,013 9,344 2,113 21,979 1,424 178

2010 base 480,768 97,929 29,365 75,326 9,877 2,291 23,159 1,646 200
6B-34 

Table 6B-34. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Chicago.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 473,892 63,467 13,812 87,084 11,058 2,796 16,440 835 83

2006 65 (06-08) 630,952 101,021 24,994 110,701 15,898 3,672 22,574 1,460 209

2006 70 (06-08) 785,926 144,083 40,892 133,484 20,655 5,591 29,125 2,253 417

2006 75 (06-08) 890,869 187,562 57,667 145,126 24,494 6,676 35,510 3,380 793

2006 base 881,897 192,695 59,836 140,494 23,909 6,551 35,092 3,380 709

2007 60 (06-08) 715,699 106,445 23,325 110,660 13,645 3,380 22,157 793 83

2007 65 (06-08) 1,003,615 183,181 48,236 153,763 21,573 5,675 35,259 1,753 292

2007 70 (06-08) 1,301,544 274,897 81,952 200,957 30,878 8,512 48,904 3,296 501

2007 75 (06-08) 1,560,543 372,579 125,640 236,675 39,599 12,226 63,550 4,882 751

2007 base 1,579,612 390,897 134,945 235,673 40,642 12,518 64,760 5,341 876

2008 60 (06-08) 405,752 40,642 7,803 70,393 8,178 1,878 12,351 626 42

2008 60 (08-10) 498,094 56,665 11,183 81,868 9,347 2,462 15,439 835 42

2008 65 (06-08) 532,852 63,675 12,894 86,583 10,307 2,712 16,941 793 42

2008 65 (08-10) 626,279 86,500 18,109 97,975 11,725 3,296 20,780 1,127 125

2008 70 (06-08) 649,312 92,425 19,945 100,729 12,518 3,463 21,698 1,168 125

2008 70 (08-10) 714,155 114,874 28,291 104,860 13,645 3,338 24,368 1,377 209

2008 75 (06-08) 705,351 114,248 28,833 102,940 13,186 3,130 24,035 1,377 209

2008 75 (08-10) 677,853 111,870 28,666 96,264 11,976 2,921 23,576 1,335 125

2008 base 677,853 111,870 28,666 96,264 11,976 2,921 23,576 1,335 125

2009 60 (08-10) 454,197 61,172 14,855 88,544 10,766 2,837 16,566 960 125

2009 65 (08-10) 570,782 90,339 23,909 107,155 13,978 3,881 22,074 1,252 209

2009 70 (08-10) 648,561 118,463 32,213 116,251 16,524 4,340 25,871 1,460 250

2009 75 (08-10) 616,389 116,126 32,338 103,357 15,272 3,881 24,535 1,502 250

2009 base 616,389 116,126 32,338 103,357 15,272 3,881 24,535 1,502 250

2010 60 (08-10) 730,429 104,776 23,117 129,979 18,068 4,465 25,245 1,210 250

2010 65 (08-10) 935,600 162,860 40,308 162,401 24,619 6,176 34,466 1,669 292

2010 70 (08-10) 1,093,077 218,357 61,464 184,808 30,628 8,053 42,520 2,629 584

2010 75 (08-10) 1,064,160 222,780 65,511 172,374 29,459 7,636 40,892 2,754 668

2010 base 1,064,160 222,780 65,511 172,374 29,459 7,636 40,892 2,754 668
6B-35 

Table 6B-35. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Cleveland.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 59,108 3,918 431 10,542 673 67 2,827 148 0

2006 65 (06-08) 125,864 14,945 2,572 21,193 2,302 269 5,992 296 81

2006 70 (06-08) 191,704 28,948 6,584 32,220 4,174 808 9,385 741 162

2006 75 (06-08) 264,384 48,364 13,262 44,284 6,880 1,535 13,249 1,185 229

2006 base 373,363 84,407 27,857 63,201 11,566 3,124 20,870 2,222 539

2007 60 (06-08) 79,062 7,082 1,319 11,135 929 162 3,110 135 0

2007 65 (06-08) 179,344 25,097 6,113 24,774 2,652 646 6,665 404 67

2007 70 (06-08) 279,194 48,687 13,626 40,110 4,928 1,225 11,768 875 148

2007 75 (06-08) 389,682 80,099 25,717 58,475 8,429 2,275 18,338 1,575 188

2007 base 544,480 138,749 50,908 85,606 15,215 4,268 30,281 2,881 525

2008 60 (06-08) 68,923 5,036 539 11,566 902 175 2,760 94 0

2008 60 (08-10) 68,923 5,036 539 11,566 902 175 2,760 94 0

2008 65 (06-08) 151,405 17,800 3,635 23,132 2,329 458 6,517 256 27

2008 65 (08-10) 127,627 13,774 2,343 19,604 1,818 337 5,332 202 27

2008 70 (06-08) 230,306 35,007 8,725 35,249 4,268 875 10,192 525 94

2008 70 (08-10) 210,984 29,971 7,298 31,816 3,676 794 9,115 404 67

2008 75 (06-08) 315,844 58,556 16,521 48,902 6,597 1,602 14,797 1,077 135

2008 75 (08-10) 303,241 55,338 15,309 46,923 6,113 1,468 13,962 969 108

2008 base 429,899 97,091 30,416 66,177 10,879 2,733 21,691 1,818 337

2009 60 (08-10) 58,098 5,089 687 10,556 687 81 2,316 108 13

2009 65 (08-10) 92,822 10,596 2,073 15,780 1,454 202 3,810 215 27

2009 70 (08-10) 139,597 19,954 4,537 23,226 2,612 404 6,301 417 27

2009 75 (08-10) 189,186 31,520 8,429 31,385 4,160 902 9,142 673 40

2009 base 239,192 46,667 14,097 38,777 5,763 1,495 11,593 942 148

2010 60 (08-10) 76,679 5,413 646 12,333 902 94 3,137 81 0

2010 65 (08-10) 137,779 13,989 2,329 20,291 1,952 296 5,938 202 13

2010 70 (08-10) 225,970 31,991 6,557 32,839 3,797 902 9,815 539 67

2010 75 (08-10) 323,949 57,115 14,636 48,188 6,422 1,481 14,663 983 135

2010 base 455,037 98,154 30,079 67,671 10,906 2,881 21,502 1,737 350
6B-36 

Table 6B-36. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Dallas.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 611,002 93,592 21,707 93,991 9,679 1,621 22,317 1,081 94

2006 65 (06-08) 833,072 151,053 40,242 130,756 15,904 3,242 31,667 2,091 258

2006 70 (06-08) 1,112,297 230,621 69,184 181,053 25,019 6,155 46,538 3,218 540

2006 75 (06-08) 1,362,604 312,044 101,274 228,812 34,862 8,880 60,280 5,098 799

2006 base 2,225,534 653,288 257,026 397,249 81,212 24,620 116,215 13,343 2,443

2007 60 (06-08) 319,068 38,245 7,142 52,035 5,051 1,034 10,783 446 47

2007 65 (06-08) 427,460 61,643 14,072 70,147 7,353 1,644 15,246 916 47

2007 70 (06-08) 562,092 96,834 25,301 92,182 11,417 2,537 21,213 1,433 211

2007 75 (06-08) 680,727 131,884 38,527 113,325 15,082 3,688 27,133 2,161 305

2007 base 1,054,648 271,473 98,243 182,368 34,392 10,008 49,145 5,403 1,034

2008 60 (06-08) 330,908 36,084 5,920 51,588 4,698 681 11,535 305 23

2008 60 (08-10) 330,908 36,084 5,920 51,588 4,698 681 11,535 305 23

2008 65 (06-08) 444,350 58,166 11,840 68,503 7,071 1,339 15,481 470 47

2008 65 (08-10) 444,350 58,166 11,840 68,503 7,071 1,339 15,481 470 47

2008 70 (06-08) 578,959 89,199 21,331 89,645 10,125 2,349 20,720 1,057 94

2008 70 (08-10) 578,959 89,199 21,331 89,645 10,125 2,349 20,720 1,057 94

2008 75 (06-08) 695,432 121,829 31,150 109,520 13,813 3,359 25,630 1,339 164

2008 75 (08-10) 729,848 130,451 34,204 115,604 14,589 3,547 27,274 1,433 188

2008 base 1,051,171 241,662 78,369 169,095 26,405 7,564 43,554 3,383 423

2009 60 (08-10) 373,381 48,182 9,820 58,072 6,108 1,386 12,897 470 23

2009 65 (08-10) 499,510 76,325 18,324 79,473 9,021 2,255 18,183 916 70

2009 70 (08-10) 660,782 118,306 31,973 106,372 14,142 3,524 25,042 1,621 117

2009 75 (08-10) 842,539 171,421 52,129 139,260 20,626 5,474 34,322 2,490 305

2009 base 1,263,562 332,270 120,044 216,666 40,195 12,827 58,096 6,225 893

2010 60 (08-10) 317,329 34,016 6,084 51,283 4,933 799 10,830 352 23

2010 65 (08-10) 417,945 54,055 11,065 67,798 7,470 1,339 14,870 775 23

2010 70 (08-10) 541,607 83,490 19,193 88,565 10,712 1,997 19,733 1,269 117

2010 75 (08-10) 679,223 120,138 31,526 111,281 15,458 3,336 26,593 1,926 211

2010 base 951,401 217,395 69,701 154,460 26,475 7,470 41,933 3,876 634
6B-37 

Table 6B-37. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Denver.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 296,332 41,783 8,969 55,427 6,894 1,405 14,379 880 39

2006 65 (06-08) 399,123 67,691 16,729 74,034 10,072 2,206 20,261 1,274 144

2006 70 (06-08) 504,566 99,521 27,536 93,494 13,958 3,611 25,566 2,101 315

2006 75 (06-08) 611,559 134,398 41,206 113,637 17,977 4,990 32,263 2,955 499

2006 base 777,551 201,419 71,119 145,848 28,166 8,417 44,068 5,134 1,011

2007 60 (06-08) 265,079 33,379 6,237 49,255 5,581 1,103 12,304 709 79

2007 65 (06-08) 355,435 55,427 12,081 64,763 8,233 1,602 16,860 1,300 131

2007 70 (06-08) 441,970 80,074 19,999 79,142 10,610 2,429 21,325 1,891 276

2007 75 (06-08) 527,572 106,494 29,926 93,809 13,775 3,493 25,947 2,456 368

2007 base 647,027 153,228 49,163 112,403 18,830 5,226 32,999 3,729 591

2008 60 (06-08) 292,248 40,116 7,669 58,801 6,894 1,444 14,142 801 105

2008 60 (08-10) 292,248 40,116 7,669 58,801 6,894 1,444 14,142 801 105

2008 65 (06-08) 398,059 64,343 14,221 78,525 10,137 2,127 19,736 1,287 184

2008 65 (08-10) 513,246 96,068 24,700 100,441 13,998 3,598 25,947 1,970 302

2008 70 (06-08) 505,512 93,665 24,004 98,799 13,670 3,480 25,540 1,957 289

2008 70 (08-10) 640,947 137,103 39,420 125,311 18,738 5,200 33,419 2,797 552

2008 75 (06-08) 609,392 126,165 35,572 119,100 17,478 4,819 31,541 2,613 460

2008 75 (08-10) 730,567 169,117 53,037 140,977 22,664 6,605 38,606 3,440 683

2008 base 750,014 178,374 57,383 144,811 23,859 6,789 39,774 3,637 775

2009 60 (08-10) 207,026 23,833 3,939 40,838 4,491 1,011 9,625 368 13

2009 65 (08-10) 336,631 53,181 11,766 64,605 7,958 1,851 16,230 959 39

2009 70 (08-10) 404,703 72,497 18,016 77,290 10,019 2,377 19,618 1,313 79

2009 75 (08-10) 446,907 88,347 23,649 82,779 11,529 2,823 21,877 1,602 105

2009 base 455,048 92,536 25,593 83,908 11,936 3,046 22,192 1,641 118

2010 60 (08-10) 240,590 28,547 4,648 45,841 4,990 1,142 10,492 525 26

2010 65 (08-10) 409,772 66,877 15,784 74,467 9,428 2,390 18,265 1,234 92

2010 70 (08-10) 506,969 95,214 25,369 91,721 12,921 3,191 23,111 1,773 236

2010 75 (08-10) 579,467 118,667 34,167 103,014 15,613 3,952 26,525 2,272 328

2010 base 596,393 125,364 37,595 105,522 16,572 4,268 27,549 2,337 368
6B-38 

Table 6B-38. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Detroit.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 219,845 24,028 4,321 40,238 4,664 846 10,311 480 23

2006 65 (06-08) 301,189 42,067 8,711 54,207 7,133 1,738 14,563 1,075 160

2006 70 (06-08) 376,155 60,494 14,426 67,696 9,465 2,401 18,267 1,532 274

2006 75 (06-08) 477,641 90,124 24,920 87,037 13,877 3,772 24,531 2,241 412

2006 base 622,017 142,158 46,959 109,739 20,873 6,150 33,219 3,704 709

2007 60 (06-08) 284,042 35,277 6,767 41,655 4,550 983 10,745 594 114

2007 65 (06-08) 418,816 66,895 16,027 61,317 7,430 1,875 16,918 1,143 251

2007 70 (06-08) 544,354 100,526 27,709 81,070 10,974 3,064 23,205 1,829 412

2007 75 (06-08) 729,013 158,802 50,892 110,082 17,650 4,572 33,699 3,041 617

2007 base 1,039,530 283,585 105,167 163,238 31,459 9,419 54,641 5,738 1,257

2008 60 (06-08) 204,733 19,913 3,086 35,963 3,269 640 9,602 457 23

2008 60 (08-10) 264,655 31,024 5,807 44,902 4,641 846 11,911 754 46

2008 65 (06-08) 283,768 34,957 6,767 48,194 5,098 1,075 12,826 869 46

2008 65 (08-10) 385,483 58,848 13,695 63,923 7,819 1,783 17,124 1,235 137

2008 70 (06-08) 353,750 51,509 11,363 59,054 6,813 1,600 15,684 1,052 91

2008 70 (08-10) 506,059 91,884 24,554 83,836 11,728 2,835 23,525 1,966 251

2008 75 (06-08) 456,768 77,801 19,662 75,286 10,174 2,446 20,530 1,669 183

2008 75 (08-10) 575,789 120,439 36,854 91,427 14,975 3,864 26,269 2,561 343

2008 base 575,789 120,439 36,854 91,427 14,975 3,864 26,269 2,561 343

2009 60 (08-10) 210,334 24,234 4,435 40,055 4,435 846 10,357 526 23

2009 65 (08-10) 298,766 43,347 9,717 54,733 7,087 1,463 14,906 914 137

2009 70 (08-10) 384,020 64,746 17,238 69,502 10,037 2,309 19,319 1,463 229

2009 75 (08-10) 416,599 82,419 24,531 72,039 11,660 2,858 20,142 1,829 320

2009 base 416,599 82,419 24,531 72,039 11,660 2,858 20,142 1,829 320

2010 60 (08-10) 306,905 36,328 6,699 52,218 6,424 1,738 13,169 594 69

2010 65 (08-10) 449,200 68,130 15,249 73,503 10,471 2,561 18,930 1,486 251

2010 70 (08-10) 588,661 106,813 27,343 95,336 14,975 4,298 26,429 2,332 320

2010 75 (08-10) 682,351 144,399 41,587 106,927 18,427 5,601 30,270 2,835 503

2010 base 682,351 144,399 41,587 106,927 18,427 5,601 30,270 2,835 503
6B-39 

Table 6B-39. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Houston.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 318,714 30,694 4,671 53,184 4,494 491 10,205 412 59

2006 65 (06-08) 449,772 60,269 12,815 70,514 7,202 1,158 14,385 667 137

2006 70 (06-08) 556,946 88,490 22,353 85,782 9,950 1,707 18,840 1,060 196

2006 75 (06-08) 675,796 122,756 34,815 103,896 13,522 2,826 24,512 1,590 236

2006 base 1,248,677 364,795 145,188 201,022 40,389 12,089 60,976 7,458 1,668

2007 60 (06-08) 253,617 20,587 3,081 45,629 4,023 707 8,851 177 39

2007 65 (06-08) 336,887 36,385 6,476 57,090 5,436 1,178 11,500 412 39

2007 70 (06-08) 401,984 51,575 11,402 66,137 7,026 1,590 13,581 687 39

2007 75 (06-08) 473,244 69,591 16,995 77,481 8,988 2,021 16,485 981 98

2007 base 801,673 198,627 68,060 126,681 22,785 6,614 32,794 3,081 628

2008 60 (06-08) 269,318 22,255 3,081 48,200 4,651 765 9,930 294 39

2008 60 (08-10) 343,187 33,932 5,554 58,169 6,339 1,119 12,639 412 59

2008 65 (06-08) 352,980 35,973 6,005 59,563 6,594 1,138 12,972 412 59

2008 65 (08-10) 469,868 63,684 13,600 77,638 9,459 1,884 17,879 824 79

2008 70 (06-08) 415,526 50,241 9,636 69,061 8,046 1,531 15,543 628 59

2008 70 (08-10) 583,028 93,868 23,354 95,300 12,560 3,062 22,785 1,276 157

2008 75 (06-08) 482,134 66,589 14,366 78,952 9,773 2,002 18,467 864 98

2008 75 (08-10) 697,855 130,076 37,151 113,532 16,387 4,376 28,182 1,923 275

2008 base 750,745 166,638 53,126 118,497 19,213 5,436 31,518 3,160 530

2009 60 (08-10) 332,903 35,659 6,339 57,934 6,202 1,236 11,775 530 39

2009 65 (08-10) 448,869 65,352 15,759 74,792 9,302 1,727 16,740 1,099 118

2009 70 (08-10) 551,058 96,125 27,593 90,394 12,305 2,963 21,647 1,629 216

2009 75 (08-10) 651,029 131,234 41,939 105,545 16,760 4,357 27,044 2,512 412

2009 base 680,290 166,599 61,486 106,840 19,979 6,280 30,262 3,513 844

2010 60 (08-10) 354,962 38,250 6,908 60,269 6,123 922 12,246 510 59

2010 65 (08-10) 485,294 68,041 15,681 77,461 8,871 1,629 16,603 981 118

2010 70 (08-10) 601,004 101,247 26,828 93,907 11,736 2,551 21,490 1,472 236

2010 75 (08-10) 714,792 139,457 40,664 110,392 15,484 3,690 26,887 2,002 353

2010 base 772,824 179,728 60,446 116,162 19,429 5,004 30,851 2,846 530
6B-40 

Table 6B-40. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Los Angeles.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15

ages

36to55

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 1,836,948 216,331 39,245 446,940 40,814 9,269 92,169 4,186 374

2006 65 (06-08) 2,434,140 342,961 76,994 610,796 61,969 14,950 127,302 6,728 673

2006 70 (06-08) 3,065,119 496,800 126,106 777,044 91,421 21,678 165,874 10,764 1,570

2006 75 (06-08) 3,816,299 700,349 196,896 982,312 129,769 30,648 220,817 17,043 2,766

2006 base 5,668,272 1,699,330 691,005 1,415,573 291,905 100,317 421,375 61,072 17,342

2007 60 (06-08) 1,734,165 199,737 34,311 439,316 42,534 8,297 83,498 3,887 224

2007 65 (06-08) 2,297,718 317,246 66,828 585,231 64,660 13,605 117,734 6,055 523

2007 70 (06-08) 2,877,641 454,565 110,109 741,163 87,385 21,005 157,352 8,970 1,047

2007 75 (06-08) 3,588,680 634,791 174,695 944,338 122,443 31,097 208,482 13,754 1,944

2007 base 4,694,257 1,307,856 516,534 1,142,430 217,976 68,846 322,255 38,647 9,344

2008 60 (06-08) 1,945,712 230,908 42,459 474,449 44,029 8,746 94,262 5,158 374

2008 60 (08-10) 2,002,000 243,093 45,225 489,773 46,271 9,269 97,850 5,233 449

2008 65 (06-08) 2,582,895 360,154 80,582 637,782 68,547 14,726 132,460 7,998 822

2008 65 (08-10) 2,651,592 377,720 84,469 656,544 71,762 15,548 137,468 8,297 897

2008 70 (06-08) 3,247,139 517,282 129,320 813,373 98,597 21,977 177,685 11,661 1,420

2008 70 (08-10) 3,354,931 547,257 137,767 843,947 104,129 22,874 184,861 12,633 1,570

2008 75 (06-08) 4,046,235 730,100 201,755 1,037,628 141,430 33,339 234,421 17,193 2,766

2008 75 (08-10) 4,080,546 740,341 204,820 1,046,300 142,776 33,937 236,813 17,567 2,766

2008 base 5,829,736 1,683,035 677,400 1,488,680 294,970 92,842 433,784 56,139 12,783

2009 60 (08-10) 1,991,909 236,888 42,085 498,444 47,766 9,344 102,335 4,784 523

2009 65 (08-10) 2,615,487 375,478 80,582 660,955 73,406 17,193 139,038 8,447 822

2009 70 (08-10) 3,300,661 541,576 132,684 849,105 105,848 25,565 185,309 11,736 1,346

2009 75 (08-10) 4,000,860 725,615 199,064 1,057,064 141,281 35,582 237,112 16,670 2,915

2009 base 5,227,013 1,415,573 539,483 1,269,957 236,963 73,855 358,285 47,542 10,390

2010 60 (08-10) 1,602,078 177,909 29,153 440,886 42,235 8,970 84,768 4,859 822

2010 65 (08-10) 2,112,408 277,628 56,512 579,027 63,614 14,577 119,154 7,400 972

2010 70 (08-10) 2,657,124 398,053 96,878 746,545 89,029 20,856 162,510 10,390 1,719

2010 75 (08-10) 3,219,705 543,520 142,103 918,250 119,005 30,573 205,418 14,203 2,841

2010 base 3,494,119 848,656 300,502 844,171 132,086 36,404 232,328 26,911 3,663
6B-41 

Table 6B-41. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=New York.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15

ages

5to18

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 65 (06-08) 192,061 9,631 1,111 42,783 3,519 370 9,075 278 0

2006 70 (06-08) 1,114,678 156,594 35,838 180,115 18,706 3,982 41,857 1,945 278

2006 75 (06-08) 1,673,916 296,334 84,826 265,497 32,504 7,871 68,064 4,075 648

2006 base 3,473,774 995,774 384,771 601,743 118,534 39,172 187,894 19,447 4,075

2007 65 (06-08) 232,344 16,391 2,593 52,229 4,352 556 11,576 741 93

2007 70 (06-08) 1,355,357 199,840 46,950 225,769 23,522 4,815 52,599 3,612 926

2007 75 (06-08) 1,999,883 375,048 98,253 325,782 40,005 9,168 77,325 5,186 1,111

2007 base 3,914,663 1,104,307 415,608 670,733 135,017 39,172 195,951 18,243 3,797

2008 65 (06-08) 208,638 12,224 2,315 44,821 3,612 648 8,890 463 0

2008 65 (08-10) 355,138 24,911 4,445 72,231 6,482 1,111 15,187 741 93

2008 70 (06-08) 1,168,204 170,670 37,783 209,656 23,799 5,464 51,488 3,149 556

2008 70 (08-10) 1,543,807 259,292 71,213 269,571 34,264 8,705 68,342 3,797 833

2008 75 (06-08) 1,716,607 300,686 87,882 297,260 39,449 10,464 76,028 4,445 1,019

2008 75 (08-10) 2,392,896 498,860 167,521 412,182 62,786 18,613 112,885 9,723 1,574

2008 base 3,280,324 869,555 323,282 572,387 109,458 36,394 172,614 17,780 3,334

2009 65 (08-10) 274,387 21,392 2,500 63,341 4,630 833 14,076 463 0

2009 70 (08-10) 943,360 133,721 29,541 171,966 20,373 3,612 43,709 2,593 370

2009 75 (08-10) 1,372,582 237,715 63,249 241,883 32,597 8,149 64,453 5,093 648

2009 base 1,671,138 354,860 111,866 274,572 41,857 12,039 77,880 7,408 833

2010 65 (08-10) 422,646 33,245 5,186 87,789 7,316 926 18,984 648 0

2010 70 (08-10) 2,033,313 345,785 95,197 328,745 39,079 9,075 85,752 5,278 556

2010 75 (08-10) 3,184,571 686,939 214,286 509,694 77,510 19,262 144,555 9,816 2,408

2010 base 4,291,285 1,142,182 419,127 689,254 130,202 36,579 207,804 19,169 4,075

 
6B-42 

Table 6B-42. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Philadelphia.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 372,132 42,431 7,242 46,727 4,130 771 13,162 771 110

2006 65 (06-08) 500,610 68,038 14,043 62,146 6,305 1,156 18,173 1,074 193

2006 70 (06-08) 665,626 109,396 26,323 82,467 9,417 2,010 25,580 1,542 275

2006 75 (06-08) 842,839 159,867 44,248 106,973 13,547 3,166 33,014 2,313 413

2006 base 1,542,222 424,614 156,921 214,496 38,576 10,959 76,684 7,159 1,459

2007 60 (06-08) 445,898 57,107 11,399 54,078 4,901 771 14,786 909 110

2007 65 (06-08) 596,348 91,388 22,799 74,729 7,985 1,597 21,450 1,377 248

2007 70 (06-08) 797,655 144,145 40,118 101,548 12,831 2,671 30,040 2,203 441

2007 75 (06-08) 1,007,139 208,273 62,724 131,010 18,063 4,571 40,862 3,194 688

2007 base 1,795,900 513,303 197,149 255,192 51,049 15,970 94,940 10,298 2,671

2008 60 (06-08) 317,008 32,381 4,708 40,889 3,910 606 11,785 523 193

2008 60 (08-10) 425,522 53,115 10,436 53,996 5,672 854 15,888 909 220

2008 65 (06-08) 425,522 53,115 10,436 53,996 5,672 854 15,888 909 220

2008 65 (08-10) 572,310 87,561 20,513 73,380 8,288 2,010 21,422 1,652 330

2008 70 (06-08) 572,310 87,561 20,513 73,380 8,288 2,010 21,422 1,652 330

2008 70 (08-10) 768,027 143,676 39,320 101,108 13,905 3,524 31,307 2,698 523

2008 75 (06-08) 723,421 130,377 34,556 94,472 12,556 3,084 28,884 2,423 496

2008 75 (08-10) 994,831 213,202 66,111 133,791 20,706 5,507 43,588 3,993 909

2008 base 1,395,710 367,617 136,765 198,718 36,566 10,849 69,415 7,958 1,625

2009 60 (08-10) 267,445 26,957 4,598 36,676 3,359 496 10,133 468 28

2009 65 (08-10) 335,621 41,275 7,930 45,487 4,598 743 12,804 743 55

2009 70 (08-10) 429,295 62,229 13,602 58,264 6,250 1,212 16,356 1,019 138

2009 75 (08-10) 530,870 87,891 21,670 72,527 8,839 1,955 20,486 1,514 193

2009 base 696,437 141,033 42,872 92,820 13,162 3,359 27,287 2,340 358

2010 60 (08-10) 514,350 66,331 13,630 60,494 5,755 606 17,485 1,019 110

2010 65 (08-10) 683,413 107,551 25,800 81,283 8,894 1,707 24,451 1,762 138

2010 70 (08-10) 916,825 171,074 46,782 113,085 14,841 3,166 35,272 2,753 358

2010 75 (08-10) 1,168,163 247,565 77,263 150,037 21,945 5,177 48,654 3,937 799

2010 base 1,600,266 414,453 148,550 215,184 37,723 11,262 74,757 7,159 1,569
6B-43 

Table 6B-43. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Sacramento.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 170,427 21,819 4,807 19,160 1,628 144 4,479 202 10

2006 65 (06-08) 252,038 41,065 10,433 29,506 2,977 539 7,379 453 48

2006 70 (06-08) 319,680 58,761 16,521 38,233 4,325 819 10,144 578 87

2006 75 (06-08) 402,611 83,162 25,508 49,542 6,473 1,378 13,939 1,031 173

2006 base 847,289 254,234 100,087 118,707 23,370 7,273 40,170 5,289 1,060

2007 60 (06-08) 113,255 11,752 2,495 13,987 934 135 3,034 135 0

2007 65 (06-08) 161,141 21,193 5,183 19,256 1,609 222 4,373 212 19

2007 70 (06-08) 199,046 29,785 7,793 23,639 2,158 414 5,606 289 19

2007 75 (06-08) 245,950 41,537 11,656 29,564 3,217 636 7,273 443 39

2007 base 480,946 118,283 42,501 61,410 10,384 2,678 18,813 1,772 328

2008 60 (06-08) 162,065 20,827 4,720 19,401 1,580 337 4,422 125 0

2008 60 (08-10) 162,065 20,827 4,720 19,401 1,580 337 4,422 125 0

2008 65 (06-08) 236,143 38,243 10,038 28,571 3,005 617 6,897 347 19

2008 65 (08-10) 226,674 35,748 9,209 27,223 2,774 549 6,522 308 10

2008 70 (06-08) 296,667 54,388 15,182 36,702 4,316 867 9,325 617 29

2008 70 (08-10) 286,090 51,710 14,209 35,305 4,075 800 8,737 549 29

2008 75 (06-08) 372,566 76,139 23,803 47,240 6,367 1,339 12,937 973 106

2008 75 (08-10) 361,584 72,787 22,358 45,603 6,136 1,272 12,292 934 87

2008 base 766,690 222,609 89,298 111,868 20,904 6,599 36,201 4,701 1,060

2009 60 (08-10) 142,655 17,359 3,400 17,118 1,474 222 3,795 231 29

2009 65 (08-10) 198,767 29,959 7,562 23,793 2,524 511 5,578 328 39

2009 70 (08-10) 249,466 42,867 11,955 30,431 3,555 751 7,629 511 77

2009 75 (08-10) 315,153 60,929 18,206 39,062 5,269 1,175 10,307 771 116

2009 base 649,408 181,640 70,687 89,905 17,571 5,606 28,292 3,179 761

2010 60 (08-10) 98,372 9,296 1,753 12,667 828 87 2,803 106 0

2010 65 (08-10) 133,648 16,328 3,449 16,790 1,214 164 3,872 125 10

2010 70 (08-10) 168,086 22,724 5,626 20,412 1,734 222 5,038 241 29

2010 75 (08-10) 209,951 32,271 9,007 25,470 2,428 385 6,550 347 48

2010 base 417,783 100,588 34,997 52,683 7,774 1,859 16,126 1,512 318
6B-44 

Table 6B-44. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=St. Louis.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 150,775 17,506 3,230 21,566 2,200 456 5,453 293 47

2006 65 (06-08) 228,252 34,684 7,805 33,127 3,943 901 8,811 620 82

2006 70 (06-08) 327,493 60,415 15,973 48,620 6,635 1,744 13,539 1,135 222

2006 75 (06-08) 440,753 93,835 28,283 66,664 10,754 2,879 19,191 1,767 386

2006 base 655,057 171,359 60,930 100,236 19,319 5,593 33,361 3,745 854

2007 60 (06-08) 183,189 25,685 5,313 24,176 2,340 538 6,483 410 35

2007 65 (06-08) 279,435 48,609 12,685 38,335 4,400 1,018 10,251 807 164

2007 70 (06-08) 397,715 80,847 24,761 56,062 7,957 1,884 15,996 1,369 351

2007 75 (06-08) 531,476 124,575 42,278 77,839 12,860 3,440 23,953 2,375 608

2007 base 778,767 219,148 82,344 118,058 23,918 7,126 40,417 4,727 1,252

2008 60 (06-08) 83,128 7,501 924 13,433 1,240 222 3,031 105 23

2008 60 (08-10) 134,967 15,844 2,808 20,490 2,235 550 5,313 211 23

2008 65 (06-08) 121,170 13,410 2,153 18,500 1,942 433 4,669 176 23

2008 65 (08-10) 196,833 28,318 6,553 29,956 3,464 831 8,027 410 59

2008 70 (06-08) 168,480 22,163 4,751 25,708 2,867 679 6,623 304 47

2008 70 (08-10) 256,617 43,249 11,315 38,206 5,079 1,275 11,070 726 140

2008 75 (06-08) 219,394 33,829 8,226 33,385 4,002 960 9,069 503 82

2008 75 (08-10) 298,274 55,208 15,107 43,659 6,085 1,556 13,012 1,030 164

2008 base 310,046 59,046 16,698 45,367 6,448 1,627 13,609 1,077 152

2009 60 (08-10) 109,668 12,708 2,223 16,160 1,533 316 4,084 187 12

2009 65 (08-10) 159,891 22,760 4,997 23,345 2,516 550 6,026 386 47

2009 70 (08-10) 208,464 35,222 9,174 30,424 3,522 866 8,179 585 94

2009 75 (08-10) 249,338 46,385 12,942 35,526 4,622 1,229 9,970 866 117

2009 base 260,759 50,574 14,674 36,989 4,961 1,404 10,742 924 129

2010 60 (08-10) 179,643 24,339 5,032 26,399 3,206 702 7,583 398 23

2010 65 (08-10) 268,424 45,952 11,491 39,856 5,535 1,404 11,936 878 94

2010 70 (08-10) 357,180 69,765 19,904 53,593 8,671 2,282 16,499 1,556 234

2010 75 (08-10) 428,759 93,239 29,067 63,938 11,093 3,276 20,513 2,083 433

2010 base 450,454 101,242 32,577 67,308 11,936 3,628 22,034 2,200 468
6B-45 

Table 6B-45. Counts of person-days with lung function decrement > 10, 15, 20%. Study 

area=Washington, DC.

year scenario 

FEV10 

ages 

5to18 

FEV15 

ages 

5to18 

FEV20

ages

5to18

FEV10

ages

19to35

FEV15

ages

19to35

FEV20

ages

19to35

FEV10 

ages 

36to55 

FEV15 

ages 

36to55 

FEV20

ages

36to55

2006 60 (06-08) 247,748 29,307 5,600 43,747 5,106 1,125 10,189 585 90

2006 65 (06-08) 364,391 54,813 12,640 63,292 7,895 1,822 14,710 1,147 135

2006 70 (06-08) 497,498 88,955 23,437 88,101 11,246 2,901 21,435 1,822 292

2006 75 (06-08) 647,631 131,510 39,181 114,394 16,307 4,453 28,655 2,564 495

2006 base 1,298,433 372,443 144,960 234,658 47,188 14,170 70,827 8,547 1,867

2007 60 (06-08) 306,564 36,999 6,500 53,936 5,488 1,035 12,505 765 90

2007 65 (06-08) 444,079 67,476 14,237 77,147 9,402 1,664 18,961 1,439 180

2007 70 (06-08) 601,500 106,994 27,418 103,980 14,327 3,104 26,203 2,204 360

2007 75 (06-08) 769,492 154,587 44,129 133,129 20,355 5,151 34,705 3,171 675

2007 base 1,479,875 409,914 151,055 257,509 50,922 15,902 76,562 9,109 2,317

2008 60 (06-08) 209,759 21,817 3,576 38,281 4,116 832 8,322 315 22

2008 60 (08-10) 244,936 27,575 5,061 43,612 4,858 1,012 9,447 450 22

2008 65 (06-08) 296,780 38,236 7,647 52,249 6,073 1,305 11,718 607 67

2008 65 (08-10) 395,295 60,728 14,372 68,488 8,434 2,204 16,352 990 180

2008 70 (06-08) 395,295 60,728 14,372 68,488 8,434 2,204 16,352 990 180

2008 70 (08-10) 547,924 102,136 28,407 93,161 13,180 3,891 24,696 1,619 382

2008 75 (06-08) 503,008 89,360 23,976 85,582 11,898 3,126 22,177 1,417 292

2008 75 (08-10) 768,795 169,836 55,105 131,218 21,120 6,095 37,359 3,014 697

2008 base 957,591 239,246 84,997 160,277 28,362 8,569 48,965 4,341 922

2009 60 (08-10) 168,936 15,924 2,722 32,073 3,284 540 7,332 405 90

2009 65 (08-10) 250,807 30,342 6,253 44,331 4,903 1,102 11,066 607 135

2009 70 (08-10) 328,584 47,390 11,268 56,769 6,703 1,484 14,732 1,035 202

2009 75 (08-10) 428,920 73,683 19,276 71,974 9,064 2,294 19,276 1,574 270

2009 base 500,242 97,682 27,260 78,856 11,133 2,654 22,402 1,912 382

2010 60 (08-10) 345,048 44,286 8,479 59,648 6,703 1,462 14,845 900 157

2010 65 (08-10) 559,890 94,983 23,594 97,232 13,158 3,036 25,978 2,002 360

2010 70 (08-10) 774,890 155,554 45,299 136,458 20,558 5,758 37,292 3,554 765

2010 75 (08-10) 1,079,295 252,134 84,030 189,921 32,816 9,604 55,083 5,645 1,237

2010 base 1,325,221 347,724 124,785 230,362 44,286 13,810 69,522 7,917 1,777
6C-i 

APPENDIX 6C 

Comparison of E-R Function Risk Results with the 2007 Review 

In this Appendix we compare lung function risk estimates for school-aged children for 

this review and the previous review, based on the population exposure-response (E-R) function 

methodology that was used in previous ozone reviews. A single summary table follows (Table 

6C-1). 
6C-1 

Of the alternative standards for which risk results are available for the 2007 ozone (O3) 

NAAQS review, the standard with level 0.074 ppm with the same form as the existing standard 

(which has level 0.075) is the most comparable for comparison with risks estimated to remain 

after just meeting the existing standard of 0.075 ppm. Table 6C-1 compares the estimated 

percents of asthmatic school-aged children with responses ≥ 10% and the estimated percents of 

all school-aged children with responses ≥ 15% for these two scenarios. The results for Atlanta 

overlap, but the existing standard results tend to be lower than the results for the 2007 review. 

The existing standard results for Los Angeles are uniformly higher than the corresponding results 

for the 2007 review. In the previous review the response was extrapolated down to, and set to 

zero below, background levels, which ranged from 0.013 to 0.033 ppm. For the existing 

standard analysis, the response is calculated down to exposure concentrations of zero. We do not 

expect this to result in much difference; the exposure response function is close to zero at levels 

at or near background levels (see Table 6A-1 in Appendix 6A). While the level of the standard 

evaluated for each scenario is almost the same, the starting distribution of air quality from which 

attainment was simulated is different, since the last review used different years of air quality 

data. This will result in some differences. 

Table 6C-1. Comparison of existing standard results with the 2007 O3 NAAQS review, 

using the population exposure-response method: Ranges (over years) of responsesa for 

asthmatic and all school-aged children. 

Urban area 

FEV1 decrement ≥ 10%, 

asthmatic school-aged children 

FEV1 decrement ≥ 15%, 

all school-aged children 

Existing 0.075 

ppm standard, 

2006-2010 

2007 review 0.074 

ppm standard, 

2002-2004 

Existing 0.075 

ppm standard, 

2006-2010 

2007 review 0.074 

ppm standard, 

2002-2004 

min max min max min max min max 

Atlanta 3.8% 5.6% 4.6% 7.3% 0.9% 1.7% 1.2% 2.2% 

Chicago 3.5% 6.3% 2.1% 6.5% 0.8% 2.0% 0.5% 2.0% 

Houston 3.4% 5.3% 3.9% 4.4% 0.8% 1.6% 1.0% 1.2% 

Los Angeles 4.3% 4.8% 1.9% 2.0% 1.0% 1.2% 0.5% 0.5% 

New York 3.7% 5.7% 2.7% 6.6% 0.9% 1.7% 0.6% 2.0% 

a

 Percents of school-aged children estimated to experience lung function responses associated 

with 8-hour O3 exposure while engaged in moderate or greater exertion. Results from the 2007 

review are from Tables 3-23 and 3-27 in the 2007 O3 Risk Assessment TSD. 
6D-i 

APPENDIX 6D 

Comparison of the MSS Model with Results from a Clinical Study 

with Children Ages 8-11 

List of Tables 

Table 6D-1. FEV1 responses measured during clean air and exposures to 120 ppb ozone. . 6D-2

Table 6D-2. Comparison of responses from the MSS model with responses from McDonnell et 

al. (1985). .......................................................................................................... 6D-4

List of Figures 

Figure 6D-1. Clean-air corrected FEV1 decrement vs. subject ID. ........................................ 6D-3

Figure 6D-2. FEV1 responses measured during clean air and exposures to 120 ppb ozone. 

(derived from data in McDonnell et al., 1985). ................................................ 6D-4

 
6D-1 

This Appendix compares the predictions of the MSS model for 8-11 year old children 

using the age term extension described in Section 6.2.4 with FEV1 responses for this age group 

reported by McDonnell et al. (1985). 

 Table 6D-1 gives the FEV1 responses for a clinical study with children ages 8-11, 

exposed to 120 ppb ozone over 2.5 hours at heavy exertion levels done by McDonnell et al. 

(1985). The numbers of subjects with clean-air adjusted responses greater than 10%, 15%, and 

20% are respectively 4, 2, and 1, corresponding to 18.2%, 9.1%, and 4.5% of the number of 

subjects. 

Figure 6D-1 shows the distribution of clean-air corrected FEV1 decrements across 

subjects in the McDonnell et al. (1985) study (the last column in Table 6D-1). Figure 6D-2 

displays the last 3 columns in Table 6D-1 and illustrates the variability of responses typical of 

these studies of ozone exposure. 

Without ventilation rate measurements, this study cannot be used to fit the MSS model 

for children. However, McDonnell et al. (1985) report mean values for ventilation rates 

normalized by body surface area (BSA) of 32.4 (±3.3) for the clean air exposures and 33.3 (±3.4) 

L/min/m2 for the ozone exposures (standard deviations in parentheses). We can run the MSS 

model with this study’s exposure/exercise protocol for a sample of 8-11 year old children with 

exercising ventilation rates sampled from Gaussian distributions with these means and standard 

deviations, constraining the normalized ventilation rates to be within 1.5 standard deviations of 

the mean. Resting ventilation rates were assumed to be 10.4 L/min (Avol et al., 1985) and BSA 

to be 1.08 m2

 (EPA Exposure Factors Handbook1). Table 6D-2 compares the results of this 

simulation with the results of McDonnell et al. (1985). The agreement is fairly good. Due to the 

limited sample size of 22 subjects from only one study and the assumptions made in running the 

MSS model, this does not provide confirmation that the age term extension is correct; however, 

this comparison is supportive of the age term extension. 

 

1

 U.S. EPA. Exposure Factors Handbook 2011 Edition (Final). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, 

DC, EPA/600/R-09/052F, 2011. 
6D-2 

Table 6D-1. FEV1 responses measured during clean air and exposures to 120 ppb ozone. 

Subject a

Clean air 

preexposure 

Clean air 

postexposure 

Ozone 

preexposure 

Ozone 

postexposure 

−(CA post − CA 

pre)/CA pre 

−(O3 post − O3

pre)/O3 pre 

CA-adjusted 

FEV1 

decrement 

1 2,256 2,274 2,324 2,299 −0.80% 1.08% 1.87% 

2 1,669 1,832 1,831 1,780 −9.77% 2.79% 12.55% 

3 1,954 1,935 1,949 1,845 0.97% 5.34% 4.36% 

4 1,675 1,656 1,709 1,697 1.13% 0.70% −0.43% 

5 2,331 2,264 2,245 2,090 2.87% 6.90% 4.03% 

6 2,511 2,490 2,409 2,541 0.84% −5.48% −6.32% 

7 2,281 2,345 2,252 2,287 −2.81% −1.55% 1.25% 

8 1,937 1,911 2,061 1,919 1.34% 6.89% 5.55% 

9 1,841 1,807 1,795 1,714 1.85% 4.51% 2.67% 

10 1,431 1,686 1,615 1,513 −17.82% 6.32% 24.14% 

11 2,251 2,122 2,179 2,147 5.73% 1.47% −4.26% 

12 1,824 1,789 1,803 1,700 1.92% 5.71% 3.79% 

13 1,670 1,638 1,794 1,788 1.92% 0.33% −1.58% 

14 1,519 1,495 1,532 1,312 1.58% 14.36% 12.78% 

15 1,542 1,465 1,524 1,191 4.99% 21.85% 16.86% 

16 2,372 2,205 2,233 2,121 7.04% 5.02% −2.02% 

17 1,643 1,654 1,673 1,583 −0.67% 5.38% 6.05% 

18 2,349 2,416 2,353 2,287 −2.85% 2.80% 5.66% 

19 2,519 2,549 2,545 2,590 −1.19% −1.77% −0.58% 

20 2,340 2,365 2,487 2,424 −1.07% 2.53% 3.60% 

21 1,606 1,416 1,502 1,592 11.83% −5.99% −17.82% 

22 1,824 1,801 1,836 1,759 1.26% 4.19% 2.93% 

a from Table 2, McDonnell et al. (1985)

 
6D-3 

Figure 6D-1. Clean-air corrected FEV1 decrement vs. subject ID. 

‐20.00%

‐15.00%

‐10.00%

‐5.00%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
6D-4 

Figure 6D-2. FEV1 responses measured during clean air and exposures to 120 ppb ozone. 

(derived from data in McDonnell et al., 1985).

 

Table 6D-2. Comparison of responses from the MSS model with responses from 

McDonnell et al. (1985). 

≥ 10% FEV1 decrement ≥ 15% FEV1 decrement ≥ 20% FEV1 decrement

MSS model McDonnell 

et al. (1985) MSS model McDonnell et al. (1985) MSS model McDonnell et al. (1985)

Percent 

responding 

18.4% 18.2%

(4 subjects)

6.8% 9.1%

(2 subjects)

2.3% 4.5%

(1 subject)

 

‐20.00%

‐15.00%

‐10.00%

‐5.00%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

‐(CA post ‐ CA pre)/CA pre

‐(O3 post ‐ O3 pre)/O3 pre

dFEV1

x‐axis is subject id
6D-5 

This page left intentionally blank 
6E-i 

APPENDIX 6E 

Factors Related to Age 

Table of Contents 

OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................... 6E-1

MSS MODEL AGE TERM ........................................................................................ 6E-5

INFLUENTIAL FACTORS ON AGE TERM ........................................................... 6E-7

EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE AGE TERM FOR CHILDREN .................. 6E-18

 
6E-ii 

List of Tables 

Table 6E-1. APEX acronyms. ................................................................................................ 6E-4

Table 6E-2. Selected factors in APEX which influence estimated FEV1 decrements. ......... 6E-7

Table 6E-3. Percents of the population ages 5 to 18 with one or more days during the ozone 

season with lung function (FEV1) decrements more than 10, 15, and 20% (Atlanta 

2006 base case). MSS threshold model and MSS threshold model with alternative 

age term. ........................................................................................................... 6E-18

List of Figures

Figure 6E-1. Factors That Contribute to Risk (FEV1 Decrements). ..............................6E-1

Figure 6E-2. The Relationship between Age and Percent of Population with Exceedances of 

10% (blue), 15% (green), and 20% (red) FEV1 Decrements. Based on the MSS 

(2012) Threshold Model in an APEX Simulation of Atlanta for April-June 2006 

(ages 5-95, 250,000 profiles). .........................................................6E-2

Figure 6E-3. Overview Chart of APEX Modeling of Factors Input to the MSS Model. ......6E-3

Figure 6E-4. Variation by Age of the Median Response (Lung Function Decrements in FEV1) 

Predicted by the MSS Model after 6.6 Hour Exposure to Ozone Under 

Intermittent Moderate Exercise. .......................................................6E-5

Figure 6E-5. Median Response Predicted by the MSS Model for a 6.6 Hour Exposure to 80 ppb 

O3 under Intermittent Moderate Exercise (40 L/min, BSA=2 m2). ...............6E-6

Figure 6E-6. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) BSA (m2) vs. Age. ...............6E-9

Figure 6E-7. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) RMR (kcal/min) vs. Age. .......6E-9

Figure 6E-8. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Maximum VO2 (L O2/min) vs. Age.

 ............................................................................................6E-10

Figure 6E-9. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) MOXD (M-h) vs. Age. .........6E-10

Figure 6E-10. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Recovery Time (hours) vs. 

Age.......................................................................................6E-11

Figure 6E-11. Distribution of Maximum MET vs. Age ...........................................6E-11

Figure 6E-12. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Unadjusted MET vs. Age.......6E-12

Figure 6E-13. Daily Average (hours 14-21) Unadjusted MET (90th percentiles) vs. Age. ...6E-12

Figure 6E-14. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Adjusted MET vs. Age. .........6E-13

Figure 6E-15. Daily Average (hours 14-21) Adjusted MET (90th percentiles) vs. Age. .....6E-13

Figure 6E-16. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Ventilation Rate (L/min) vs. Age.

 ............................................................................................6E-14

Figure 6E-17. Daily Average (hours 14-21) Ventilation Rate (L/min) (90th percentiles) vs. Age.

 ............................................................................................6E-14

Figure 6E-18. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) EVR (L/min/m2) vs. Age. ......6E-15

Figure 6E-19. Daily Average (hours 14-21) EVR (L/min/m2) (90th percentiles) vs. Age. ....6E-15

Figure 6E-20. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Time Outdoors (hours) vs. Age......

 ..........................................................................................6E-16
6E-iii 

Figure 6E-21. Daily Average (hours 14-21) Time Outdoors (hours) (90th percentiles) vs. Age.

 ............................................................................................6E-16

Figure 6E-22. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Exposure Outdoors (ppm) vs. 

Age....................................................................................... 6E-17

Figure 6E-23. Daily Average (hours 14-21) Exposure Outdoors (ppm) (90th percentiles) vs. 

Age....................................................................................... 6E-17
6E-1 

OVERVIEW 

There are several factors related to the age of an individual that influence the risk of the 

individual of experiencing FEV1 decrements (∆FEV1) in excess of 10, 15, and 20%. These 

factors include the parameters of the MSS model and the inputs to the MSS model calculated by 

APEX: time-series of exposures and ventilation rates normalized by body surface area (Figure 

6E-1). Figure 6E-2 illustrates the combined effect of these factors on modeled FEV1 decrements 

across ages. Children are estimated to have the highest risk and older adults the lowest risk. In 

this section we present sensitivity analyses which reveal the most influential underlying 

components driving age-related differences in risk. 

exposure over

a time period

activity level (MET)

over a time period

physiology of

the individual

normalized ventilation

rate (EVR) over a time

period

MSS model

Risk (FEV1 decrement)

parameters

Figure 6E-1. Factors That Contribute to Risk (FEV1 Decrements). 

 The times series of exposures modeled by APEX depend on ozone concentrations and 

activity patterns. The times series of ventilation rates modeled by APEX depend on activity 

patterns, exertion levels, and individual physiological characteristics. Figure 6E-3 provides an 

overview of how APEX models these quantities to estimate risk (the acronyms are defined in 

Table 6E-1). As this figure shows, there are several quantities input to APEX whose 

distributions depend on age: MOXD, BM, VO2max, MET, BM, RMR, VE regression 

coefficients, CHAD diary locations, and CHAD diary activities. These factors are 
6E-2 

intercorrelated, so there is not a unique way to apportion their influences on FEV1 decrements. 

Since the highest exposures occur when an individual is outdoors, additional relevant factors 

include the amount of time spent outdoors and the O3 concentrations when individuals are 

outdoors. 

Figure 6E-2. The Relationship between Age and Percent of Population with Exceedances 

of 10% (blue), 15% (green), and 20% (red) FEV1 Decrements. Based on the MSS (2012) 

Threshold Model in an APEX Simulation of Atlanta for April-June 2006 (ages 5-95, 

250,000 profiles). Percent of population

 0%

 2%

 4%

 6%

 8%

 10%

 12%

 14%

 16%

 18%

 20%

 22%

 24%

 26%

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
6E-3 

BSA = f4(BM,sex)

(Burmaster, 1998)

βs, var(U), var(E)

McDonnell et al., 2012 McDonnell et al. model

BM = f2(age,sex)

(1999‐2004 NHANES)

(Isaacs & Smith, 2005)

Clinical

data

VE = BM*eY

Y = a + b*VO2 + ε

a, b, ε from VE regression model

(EPA, 2009 – Graham & McCurdy)

VO2 = META*ECF*RMR/BM

MET = f1(activity,age)

(CHAD: McCurdy, 2000)

exposure

ambient O3

RMR = c + d*BM + δ

c, d, δ = f3(age,sex)

from regression model

(Schofield, 1985)

ECF = U[0.20,0.21]

(Esmail et al., 1995)

ΔFEV1

CHAD location

AER

META

EPOC adjustment

(Isaacs et al., 2008)

APEX inputs are shaded blue.

The functions fi are distributions.

nVO2max = f5(age,sex)

(Isaacs & Smith, 2005)

METmax = nVO2max/(ECF*RMR/BM)

MOXD = f6(age,sex);   RecTime = U[8,16]

(Isaacs & Smith, 2005; Isaacs et al., 2008)

CHAD activity

Figure 6E-3. Overview Chart of APEX Modeling of Factors Input to the MSS Model. 
6E-4 

Table 6E-1. APEX acronyms. 

Acronym Description 

AER Air exchange rate (1/h) 

BM Body mass (kg) 

BSA Body Surface Area (m2) 

CHAD Consolidated Human Activity Database 

ECF Energy conversion factor (L O2/kcal) 

EE Energy expenditure (kcal/min) 

EErest Resting Energy expenditure (kcal/min) 

EPOC Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption 

EVR Equivalent ventilation rate. EVR = VE / BSA (L/min-m2) 

FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in 1 second 

MET Metabolic equivalent of work. MET = EE / EErest (unitless) 

META MET adjusted for EPOC 

METmax Maximum achievable MET for an individual (unitless) 

MOXD Maximal oxygen deficit that can be obtained (M-h) 

RecTime Oxygen debt recovery time (h). Time required to recover from F=1 to 0 while at rest, 

where F is the fractional oxygen deficit. 

RMR Resting metabolic rate (kcal/min) 

VE Ventilation rate (L/min) 

VO2 Oxygen consumption (L O2/min) 

VO2max Maximum oxygen consumption for an individual (L O2/min) 

nVO2max Maximum normalized oxygen consumption (L O2/min/kg) 

 
6E-5 

MSS MODEL AGE TERM 

 Figure 6E-4 illustrates the interaction of age and ozone level for the prediction of risk in 

the MSS threshold model. This figure assumes moderate exercising conditions of a typical 6.6-

hour clinical study (EVR = 20 L/min-m2

 BSA) and varies the ozone exposure level (constant 

over the 6.6 hour period) from 40 to 120 ppb. The lung function decrement is the median value 

predicted at the end of the 6.6 hour period (Ui and εijk = 0 in equation 6-3). The trend of the 

slope vs. age increasing with O3 exposure concentrations is consistent with the findings of 

McDonnell et al. (1993, Figures 3 and 4). In our application of the model, the response is flat for 

ages below 18 and declines out to age 55, after which we assume no response (Figure 6E-5). 

Figure 6E-4. Variation by Age of the Median Response (Lung Function Decrements in 

FEV1) Predicted by the MSS Model after 6.6 Hour Exposure to Ozone Under Intermittent 

Moderate Exercise. FEV1 decrement (%)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

age

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

O3 (ppb) 40 80 120
6E-6 

 Figure 6E-5 shows the median response predicted by the McDonnell-Stewart-Smith 

model for a 6.6 hour exposure to 80 ppb ozone under intermittent moderate exercise (40 L/min, 

BSA=2 m2

). This was obtained by running the MSS model for different ages with the 

concentration and ventilation rate time series fixed, according to a typical protocol for a 6.6 hour 

exposure study. Subjects alternated 50 minutes of moderate exercise with 10 minutes of rest for 

the first three hours, with the exercise occurring first. For the next 35 minutes, subjects continued 

exposure at rest. For the remaining three hours of the exposure period, subjects again alternated 

50 minutes of exercise with 10 minutes of rest. 

Figure 6E-5. Median Response Predicted by the MSS Model for a 6.6 Hour Exposure to 80 

ppb O3 under Intermittent Moderate Exercise (40 L/min, BSA=2 m2). 

 

%

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

FEV1 decrement (%) 
6E-7 

INFLUENTIAL FACTORS ON AGE TERM 

 The primary age-related factors in APEX of interest influencing estimated FEV1

decrements (except the MSS model age term parameters) are given in Table 6E-2 and include 

physiology, ventilation rates, and outdoor exposures. 

Table 6E-2. Selected factors in APEX which influence estimated FEV1 decrements. 

Factor Description 

BSA Body surface area is a basic physiological quantity which is an increasing function 

of age. Distributions of BSA that depend on age and sex are input to the APEX 

model. 

RMR Resting metabolic rate is a basic physiological quantity which depends on age. 

APEX models RMR using age- and sex-dependent distributions. 

MET Unadjusted MET distribution is a function only of the CHAD diary activity, which in 

turn depends on age. MET is a measure of the level of exertion during an activity. 

META MET adjusted for excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) is calculated 

in APEX as a function of unadjusted MET, RMR, MOXD, RecTime, VO2max, BM, 

and ECF. 

VE Ventilation rate is an input to the MSS model. VE is calculated in APEX as a 

function of adjusted MET, VE regression coefficients, RMR, ECF, and BM. 

EVR Equivalent ventilation rate = VE/BSA is the term in the MSS model that incorporates 

all of the physiological variables. 

Time outdoors Time spent outdoors is a function only of the CHAD diary location, which in turn 

depends on age. 

Exposure to 

ambient O3

while outdoors 

The ambient concentration levels while an individual is outdoors. This is related to 

age since it depends on the times of day and duration that an individual is outdoors, 

which depend on the CHAD diary activity patterns, which depend on age. 

 We find the hours of 2 pm to 9 pm are most relevant to exposures and activities leading 

to higher FEV1 decrements, and have restricted this analysis to averages of quantities over these 

hours (data not shown). BSA, RMR, METmax, and VO2max increase with age until around age 

18 and then more or less level off. Looking at the 90th percentiles of the daily (hours of 2 pm to 

9 pm) averages, we find that from ages 5 to 15, unadjusted MET decreases while adjusted MET 

increases. Ventilation rate (VE) increases with age from 5 to 15 while ventilation rate 

normalized by body surface area (EVR) decreases. Time spent outdoors is highest for ages 5 to 

10 and around age 18, a result of the composition of the CHAD diaries. The ambient 

concentrations of O3 exposed to while spending time outdoors is highest for ages 5 to 15. The 

four most influential of these factors on the relationship of FEV1 decrement with age are the 

decreasing adjusted MET and decreasing EVR (with increasing age), the high time spent 
6E-8 

outdoors, and the high exposure concentration while outdoors. These all lead to children having 

higher FEV1 decrements than adults. 

 The graphs of boxplots by age on the following pages show the distribution of the factor 

for each age. The boxes indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles, the midlines are the medians, and 

the whiskers extend to the minima and maxima. The graphs of single lines are the 90th

percentiles for each age. The factors are daily averages over hours 14 to 21 from an APEX 

simulation of the Atlanta metropolitan area for April-June 2006 (10,000 profiles simulated, ages 

5 to 35). 

 VE is an increasing function of the exertion level as measured by META (among other 

factors). We see that while younger children (within the 5-18 age range) have higher CHAD 

activity levels as measured by MET, they have lower exertion levels as measured by META. 

This is primarily due to smaller maximum MET levels, smaller maximum VO2, and smaller 

MOXD for the younger children, which result in lower ventilation rates. Normalization of VE 

by BSA results in higher levels of EVR for the younger children. It is this factor (EVR) which 

drives the trend for children we see in Figure 6E-2. 
6E-9 

Figure 6E-6. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) BSA (m2

) vs. Age. 

Figure 6E-7. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) RMR (kcal/min) vs. Age. BSA (m2)

0

1

2

3

4

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

RMR (kcal/min)

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2.0

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35
6E-10 

Figure 6E-8. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Maximum VO2 (L O2/min) vs. 

Age. 

Figure 6E-9. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) MOXD (M-h) vs. Age. Maximum VO2 (l O2/min)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

MOXD (M-h)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35
6E-11 

Figure 6E-10. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Recovery Time (hours) vs. Age. 

Figure 6E-11. Distribution of Maximum MET vs. Age Recovery time (h)

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Maximum MET for the individual

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35
6E-12 

Figure 6E-12. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Unadjusted MET vs. Age. 

Figure 6E-13. Daily Average (hours 14-21) Unadjusted MET (90th percentiles) vs. Age. Unadjusted MET

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Unadjusted MET

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35
6E-13 

Figure 6E-14. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Adjusted MET vs. Age. 

Figure 6E-15. Daily Average (hours 14-21) Adjusted MET (90th percentiles) vs. Age. Adjusted MET

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Adjusted MET

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.3

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35
6E-14 

Figure 6E-16. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Ventilation Rate (L/min) vs. 

Age. 

Figure 6E-17. Daily Average (hours 14-21) Ventilation Rate (L/min) (90th percentiles) vs. 

Age.

Ventilation rate

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Ventilation rate

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35
6E-15 

Figure 6E-18. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) EVR (L/min/m2

) vs. Age. 

Figure 6E-19. Daily Average (hours 14-21) EVR (L/min/m2

) (90th percentiles) vs. Age. 

EVR = VE/BSA

0

10

20

30

40

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

EVR = VE/BSA

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35
6E-16 

Figure 6E-20. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Time Outdoors (hours) vs. Age. 

Figure 6E-21. Daily Average (hours 14-21) Time Outdoors (hours) (90th percentiles) vs. 

Age. 

Time outdoors (hours)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Time outdoors (hours)

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35
6E-17 

Figure 6E-22. Distribution of Daily Average (hours 14-21) Exposure Outdoors (ppm) vs. 

Age. 

Figure 6E-23. Daily Average (hours 14-21) Exposure Outdoors (ppm) (90th percentiles) vs. 

Age. 

Exposure outdoors (ppm)

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.12

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Exposure outdoors (ppm)

0.0734

0.0735

0.0736

0.0737

0.0738

0.0739

0.0740

0.0741

0.0742

0.0743

age

5 10 15 20 25 30 35
6E-18 

EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE AGE TERM FOR CHILDREN 

 The results of an APEX simulation of the Atlanta 2006 base case (March 1 – October 30) 

using an alternative age term for children are presented in Table 6E-3. This age term is based on 

the assumption that the responsiveness of children to ozone is about the same as for young adults 

(ISA, 2012, p. 6-21) and the age term is set to the average age term over ages 18 to 35 (α1 = 0 

and α2 = 2.7, see HREA Section 6.2.4). The alternative age term results in estimates that are 

lower, but not dramatically so. Most of the age effects are due to the factors discussed in the 

previous section. 

Table 6E-3. Percents of the population ages 5 to 18 with one or more days during the ozone 

season with lung function (FEV1) decrements more than 10, 15, and 20% (Atlanta 2006 

base case). MSS threshold model and MSS threshold model with alternative age term. 

Model 

∆FEV1 ≥

10%

∆FEV1 ≥

15%

∆FEV1 ≥

20% 

MSS 31% 13% 6.4% 

MSS, alternative age term 27% 10% 4.6% 

 
6E-19 

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6F-i 

APPENDIX 6F 

Comparison of APEX Simulation Results Using Monitors and 

Tracts Air Quality 

In this Appendix, we provide a comparison of APEX simulation results using ambient 

monitoring data and for where modeled tract level air quality was used as an input. Two tables 

(Table 6F-1 and Table 6F-2) are provided to summarize the results. 
6F-1 

Comparison of APEX Simulation Results Using Monitors and Tracts Air Quality 

 In the first draft REA, monitor-level air quality was provided as input to the APEX 

model. As discussed in Chapter 5, tract-level air quality was used in APEX for this final REA. 

Monitor-level air quality is used for the APEX simulations for most of the sensitivity analyses 

conducted, since these simulations take less time to run. This does not affect the analyses, since 

the two air quality formats yield very similar results, as can be seen by comparing Table 6F-1 

with Table 6F-2, which are based on Atlanta 2006 base case APEX simulations of 200,000 

individuals, 52,436 of which are children ages 5 to 18. These simulations used the same random 

number seed to hold all variables constant except for the air quality input files.

Table 6F-1. Percents of the population by age group with one or more days during the 

ozone season with lung function (FEV1) decrements more than 10, 15, and 20% (Atlanta 

2006 base case). MSS Threshold model, monitors air quality. 

Age 

Group 

∆FEV1 ≥

10%

∆FEV1 ≥

15%

∆FEV1 ≥

20%

5 to 18 31% 13% 6.4%

19 to 35 11% 3.1% 1.3%

36 to 55 3.7% 0.60% 0.14%

Table 6F-2. Percents of the population by age group with one or more days during the 

ozone season with lung function (FEV1) decrements more than 10, 15, and 20% (Atlanta 

2006 base case). MSS Threshold model, tracts air quality. 

Age 

Group 

∆FEV1 ≥

10%

∆FEV1 ≥

15%

∆FEV1 ≥

20%

5 to 18 30% 12% 5.7%

19 to 35 11% 2.9% 1.1%

36 to 55 3.3% 0.50% 0.12%

 
6F-2 

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United States 

Environmental Protection Agency 

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards 

Health and Environmental Impacts Division 

Research Triangle Park, NC 

Publication No