DOE/EIA-0304

Survey of Large Combustors:

Report on Alternative-Fuel Burning 

Capabilities of Large Boilers in 1979

U.S. Department of Energy 

Energy information Administration 

Office of Energy Markets and End Use 

Energy End Use Division

Introduction

During recent years, total annual industrial energy consumption in the 

United States has been approximated at 25 to 26 quadrillion British 

thermal units (Btu).^- Manufacturing is by far the largest components 

totaling 12.9 quadrillion Btu of purchased fuels and electricity for 

heat and power during 1979.2 QJ this amount, 10.5 quadrillion Btu was 

accounted for by purchased fuels alone (e.g., fuel oil, coal, natural 

gas, etc.).

Other than fuel consumption by type and industrial classification, very 

little information existed on specific fuel consumption characteristics 

of this important sector of the economy. For example, the role of nonpurchased fuels such as waste gases was largely unknown as was specific 

information on ages and types of large combustors and alternative-fuel 

burning capabilities.

In order to provide some of this missing information, the Energy 

Information Administration (EIA) of the U.S. Department of Energy designed 

the 1980 Manfacturing Industries Energy Consumption Study and Survey of 

Large Combustors (EIA-463).^ This study concentrated on large combustors 

in the manufacturing industries. These "combustors" were defined as 

boilers, combined cycle units, gas turbines, or internal combustion 

engines with a maximum design firing rate of 50 million or more Btu per 

hour. This particular concentration was selected because it was felt 

that these combustors would account for the majority of the consumption 

of purchased and nonpurchased fuels in the manufacturing sector, In 

fact, the results of this survey (subject to the limitations of the study,

1-The industrial sector includes manufacturings mining, construction, 

and agriculture. Total energy consumption Is approximated from publications 

of the U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Commerce and includes feedstocks 

and byproduct fuels.

 ^U.S, Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1979 Annual Survey of 

Manufactures, Fuels and Electric Energy Consumed. Publication No. M79(AS)~4.1.

 'Westat, Inc. of Rockville, Maryland administered the survey.

Released for printing: February 12, 1982
see next section) Indicate that approximately 40 percent of the purchased 

fuels consumed by manufacturing are used to fire large industrial boilers. 

This report presents initial findings of the alternative-fuel burning 

capabilities of these boilers during 1979.

CONTACTS

The following information is provided in case questions arise concerning this 

report:

This report was prepared in the Office of Energy Markets and End Use under 

the directorship of Wray Smith (252-8544). Overall direct report supervision 

was provided by Kenneth A. Vagts (252-1112), Director of the Energy End Use 

Division, and by Lynda T. Carlson (252-1116), Acting Chief of the Residential 

and Commercial Branch and Team Leader for all energy comsumption data 

collections.

The report's principal author was John L. Preston (252-1124).

Major contributions to the survey were made by Stephen Dienstfrey (252-1128), 

John Mackens (252-1132), and Dwight French (252-1126)

total number of combustors reported by responding establishments 

was 7,680. Of these 6,647 (87 percent) were classified as large boilers 

and actually burned a fuel of interest during 1979.
Background and Limitations of the Studyl

This survey was originally designed to collect data on all large combustors 

in the manufacturing industries and the establishments which operated 

them in 1979. The survey was mailed in November and December 1980 to a 

mailing list of 12,369 establishments judged most likely to operate 

combustors of interest. This list was subsequently reduced to a final 

survey frame of 10,456 through the deletion, of 1,913 establishments 

which were determined to be out~of-scope, out-of-business, not in 

the United States, or duplicate listings which were unidentifiable prior 

to mailing. By February 20, 1981, responses were received from 7,983 of 

these establishments (76 percent of the final survey frame). On that 

date, the Department of Energy received notification from the Office of 

Management and Budget that the authority for conducting the survey had 

been withdrawn. As a result, the EIA terminated the data collection 

effort and made no further contact with either respondents or nonrespondents,

Termination of the survey raised the possibility of two types of errors: 

nonresponse error or bias due to systematic nonresponse tendencies of 

particular groups or types of establishments and respondent errors 

resulting frbffl the misinterpretation of instructions and other problems. 

In order to minimize the impact of these two types of errors, the EIA 

developed a special weighting procedure to estimate fuel consumption for 

nonrespondents and an editing and error resolution procedure to correct 

respondent errors.

Possible nonresponse biases were identified through a comparison of the 

results of this survey with a previous survey of a similar nature.^ 

From this analysis, it was determined likely that establishments with 

large numbers of combustors as well as those establishments operating 

very large combustors (with a maximum design firing rate in the range of 

250 to 500 million Btu per hour) were likely to be under-represented to 

a larger extent than other establishments.

section presents only a brief overview of the identification of 

and adjustments for nonresponse bias and respondent errors. For a complete 

discussion, the reader is referred to "Methodological Report on the 1980 

Manufacturing Industries Energy Consumption Study and Survey of Large 

Combustors (EIA-463)", Publication Number DQE/EIA-0306.

^Out-of-scope establishments consisted of those which were Governmentowned, engaged primarily in nonmanufacturing activities, or under construction.

 ^Out-pf-business establishments consisted of those which were unlocatable 

and presumed to be out-of~buslness and those returned and known to be outof-business with no successor.

^Comparisons were made between the EIA-463 responding and nonresponding 

establishments and the Major Fuel-Burning Installation (MFBI) file developed 

by the U.S. Department of Energy. See the methodological report for the 

details and results of these comparisons.
In order to approximate full response levels and to ameliorate the effect 

of these nonresponse biases, ratio estimation techniques were developed 

to estimate the total annual consumption of purchased fuels by large 

combustors. Basically, this consisted of developing weights for fuel 

consumption based upon the ratio of the estimated number of large 

combustors for all establishments in the survey frame to the estimated 

number of large combustors for responding establishments.

The types of biases which had been identified would be most likely to 

occur in specific industrial groups. For example, the largest combustors 

as well as large numbers of combustors tend to be located in the heavy 

durable goods manufacturing industries and in many of the chemical 

industries. In order to achieve the highest degree of validity possible, 

the nonresponse weights were developed at either the three- or four-digit 

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) level of detail. These weights 

were then multiplied by the appropriate fuel consumption figures for 

responding establishments to estimate total fuel consumption. The values 

of these weights ranged from 1.000 to 2.824.

This weighting procedure will, to some extent, compensate for the identified 

nonresponse biases. Inherent in this procedure, however, is the assumption 

that fuel-use patterns and other combustor characteristics are invariant 

with respect to respondents and nonrespondents. The validity of this 

assumption is not known, although it is likely that the stratification by 

SIC groupings resulted in some degree of homogeneity. In general, it is 

felt that this weighting procedure was moderately successful in correcting 

the identified nonresponse biases and that overall error introduced by 

this procedure is likely to be small. If it is assumed, for example, 

that all nonresponse estimates produced by this procedure are in error 

by as much as 25 percent, the overall error in total Btu consumption 

would be only 6.3 percent. Moreover, this overall error rate will likely 

prevail as long as the data are fairly highly aggregated. The reader 

should be aware, however, that other nonresponse biases may be present 

in the sample which were undetected and uncompensated for by this weighting 

procedure.

Given that follow-up of respondents was precluded, the data presented in 

this report have been edited to the maximum extent possible. It is felt 

that these editing procedures identified and corrected the most severe 

respondent errors. This report on alternative-fuel burning capabilities 

primarily utilized data from the section of the questionnaire dealing with

lit was reasoned that the estimated number of large combustors would 

be fairly highly correlated with fuel consumption. It. was subsequently 

estimated that these correlations ranged between 0.30 and 0.97 for 

homogeneous (with respect to product specialization) groups of industries. 

See the methodological report for details on the development and testing 

of the weighting methodology.
amounts of fuels consumed (Section II, Item 7) and the Btu content of 

these fuels (Section I, Items 8 and 9). Therefore, response error that 

affect data in this report were errors in reporting of quantities. 

Specifically, several establishments reported amounts of gaseous fuels 

in cubic feet rather than thousands of cubic feet (MCF) as requested on 

the survey form. This type of error was readily detectable by estimating 

the annual Btu consumption of the boiler in question based upon the 

product of the usual design firing rate (Section II, Item 10) and the 

hours used at this rate (Section II, Item 13) and dividing this into the 

actual total Btu consumed as calculated from fuel amounts (Section II, 

Item 7) and Btu content (Section I, Item 8 and 9). Ratios of approx 

imately 1.0 would be expected from such a procedure. Large values of 

this ratio usually indicated that reported amounts were off by a given 

factor and these fuel amounts were appropriately adjusted.

By means'of a range check, a few apparent errors were also discovered In 

the section of the questionnaire dealing with Btu contents of fuels. 

These apparent errors were corrected by replacing some respondent-reported 

heating content values with standard heating content values as published 

in the Monthly Energy Review.*

 ' These estimates are published annually. See, for example, U.S. 

Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy 

Review, December 1981, DOE/EIA-0035(81/12).
Summary of Findings^

Respondents to this survey reported 6,647 large industrial boilers which 

were actually in operation during 1979 (See Table 1). These boilers 

consumed a total of 4,433.4 trillion Btu of purchased and nonpurchased 

fuels. Of this amount, 1,382.5 trillion Btu or 31 percent, was natural 

gas. Consumption of fuel oil, coal, pulping liquor, and waste gases was 

considerably smaller, ranging from 536.7 trillion Btu to 786.3 trillion 

Btu.

Alternative-fuel burning capabilities, as shown in Table 1, were reported 

for 4,598 of these boilers (70 percent); these consumed a total of 3,461.8 

trillion Btu of fuel. Most of these boilers (3,683) had the capability 

of burning natural gas as one of the alternative-fuels,, The most common 

alternative-fuel burning capability was natural gas and fuel oil (2,256 

boilers). The second most common was natural gas, fuel oil, and one or 

more other fuels not including coal (685 boilers). Clearly, there is 

widespread capability to burn either natural gas or fuel oil in the 

respondents' reported boilers.

Among boilers with alternative-fuel burning capabilities, natural gas 

was the most widely used fuel in 1979. As shown in Table 1, for example, 

boilers which were designed or modified to burn either natural gas or 

fuel oil consumed a total of 835.2 trillion Btu of which 657.9 trillion 

Btu (79 percent) was attributed to natural gas and 177.3 trillion Btu to 

fuel oil.

The nonpurchased fuels used were primarily pulping liquor and waste 

gases and are byproducts of production processes. Where the boilers had 

the capability of burning nonpurchased fuels as an alternative-fuel, 

respondents to this survey indicated a fairly heavy actual use of these 

fuels. For example, where boilers had the capability of burning natural 

gas and one or both of these nonpurchased fuels, the total consumption of 

the nonpurchased fuels was 145.4 trillion Btu versus 82.7 trillion Btu of 

natural gas. The difference is even greater for boilers capable of burning 

fuel oil and nonpurchased fuels. These boilers consumed 94.5 trillion Btu 

of fuel oil and 435.9 trillion Btu of these nonpurchased fuels. Finally, for 

the group of boilers capable of burning natural gas, fuel oil, and one or 

both of the nonpurchased fuels, the nonpurchased fuels were still the most 

heavily used. They accounted for 446.5 trillion Btu versus 204.4 for 

natural gas and 100.6 for fuel oil.

Coal, as an alternative-fuel, followed a similar pattern to nonpurchased 

fuels. Where the capability existed to burn coal, natural gas, and fuel 

oil, fuel oil was the least used in terms of Btu consumption.

-"-Unless otherwise noted, these findings are discussed with respect 

to respondent values unadjusted for nonresponse, i.e., Tables 1 and 3. 

This was done because of the frequent references to the numbers of boilers 

for which population estimates were not prepared.
The use of natural gas over fuel oil is even more clear in Table 3 which 

presents alternative-fuel burning capabilities from a slightly different 

perspective. This table excludes all boilers which were not designed or 

modified to burn either fuel oil and/or natural gas. The boilers included 

in this table could have burned other fuels as well, however. Fuel 

consumption in this table is classified into three designed or modified 

categories and each of these is subdivided into categories of fuels 

actually burned. Table 3 includes coal in the "other fuels" category for 

the purpose of examining "fuels actually burned*" As shown in this table, 

3,364 boilers were capable of burning either natural gas or fuel oil and 

possibly some other fuel,, Among these boilers, natural gas was consumed 

over fuel oil by a margin of nearly 3 to 1.

In connection with the issue of natural gas deregulation, a recent study 

attempted to estimate the latent or "frustrated" demand for natural gas by 

industrial users.*- Latent demand in this context apparently was defined as 

the demand for natural gas which potentially exists economically (i.e., 

due to price considerations) but which is being diverted to other markets, 

principally fuel oil, because of various restrictions.^ Under decontrol, 

the study assumed that this frustrated demand would gradually be registered 

in the market. The latent demand for 1979 was estimated at 1,850 trillion 

Btu of natural gas and this figure was used to adjust natural gas demand 

curves for the analysis of the likely impacts of natural gas deregulation.

The data from this survey imply that the potential for latent or frustrated 

demand for natural gas by large boilers in the manufacturing sector was at 

most 445.5 trillion Btu, This is the weighted consumption (in Btu) of fuel 

oil consumed in boilers with alternative burning capabilities in both fuel 

oil and natural gas (see Table 4).

JA Study of Alternatives to the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978, Appendix B, 

Industrial Gas Demand, November 1981, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of 

Policy, Planning, and Analysis, Division of Energy Deregulation, pp. 6-8, 

Industrial users are defined as including agriculture, mining, and 

manufacturing.

^Supply restrictions include curtailments and hookup moratoria which deny 

potential users access to natural gas. Demand policies include supply 

security, load balancings and geographical hookup restrictions which require 

users to modify their fuel choice.
Weighted fuel consumption from this survey accounts for 4,235.0 trillion 

Btu* or approximatly 40 percent of the purchased fuels consumed by 

manufacturing. The purchased fuels which are unaccounted for by this survey 

therefore amount to approximately 6,300 trillion Btu. This consumption 

would be primarily for process heat and for firing small boilers (less than 

50 million Btu per hour). Given that process heaters are typically not 

designed to use more than one fuel and that the fuel consumption of small 

boilers is likely to be quite small relative to other end uses, it is 

difficult to confirm an industrial latent demand for natural gas greater 

than 600 trillion Btu. 2

' Derived by subtracting pulping liquor and waste gases from total 

fuels consumed in Table 2.

^This survey collected data only on the manufacturing sector. 

Little opportunity exists, however, for latent natural gas demand in either 

the mining or the agricultural sectors. In agriculture, the overwhelming 

end-use for fuels is for powering farm vehicles and equipment, operations 

which do not lend themselves to the use of any fuels other than gasoline 

and diesel fuel. In the mining sector, the most commonly used fuel is 

already natural gas.
TABLE 1. UNWEIGHTED* ESTIMATES OF FUELS CONSUMED IN LARGE BOILERSb BY CATEGORIES OF FUELS DESIGNED 

OR MODIFIED TO BURN, 1979 (TRILLION BTU)

Categories of Fuel 

Designed or Modified 

to Burn

Fuels Consumed

Number Total

of Fuels

Boilers Consumed

Natural 

Gas

Fuel 

Oilc Coald

Other Fuels

Pulping 

Liquor

Waste 

Gases6 Misc. f

Natural Gas Only............ 527

Fuel Oil Only............... 699

Coal Only................... 602

Other Only.................. 221

Natural Gas/FjytgJLjQil........ 2,256

Natural Gas/Coal............ 134

Natural Gas/Other........... 230

FjjgijQil/Coal............... 346

Fueljkl/Other.............. 358

Coal/Other.................. 77

Natural Gas/FjoeljDil/Coal.'.. 333

Natural Gas/Fjiel_OJl/Other.. 685

Natural Gas/Coal/Other...... 45

Fuel JHl/Coal/Other......... 44

Natural Gas/Fuel Oil/Coal/

Other..................... 90

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMED......... 6,647

289.9

242.1

303.0

136.6

289.9

835.

110.

266

270.9 

611.1 

,,71.3

189.4

825,9

83.9

61.5

657.9

26.2

82.7

72.1

204.4

 15.3

135.9 34.0

4,433.4 1,382.5

242.1

177.3

79.1

94.5

23.9

100.6

13.1

19.4

750,0

303.0

84.4

191.8

36.4

93.4

29.4

13.1

13.4

89.8

338.7

218.0

34.8

786,3 659.9

38.1

55.6

97.2

23.1

228,5

37.7

25.0

31.5

536.7

85.1

38.0

80.7

11.8

74.4

1.5

10.3

16.1

317.9

aData tabulated are taken from a survey in which 24 percent of the establishments are not accounted for. 

^Maximum design firing rate of 50 million Btu per hour or greater.

c lncludes distillate fuel oils (1,2,4 and light diesel) and residual fuel oils (5,6 and heavy diesel). 

^Includes anthracite, bituminous, and lignite. 

e lncludes blast furnace, coke oven, and refinery off-gases.

fMiscellaneous. This includes coke and breeze; wood, bark, and wood waste; motor gasoline; and LPG, 

butane, and propane.

Note: Data may not sum to totals due to rounding. A dash "-" represents or rounds to zero. 

Source: Energy End Use Division, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy Information Administration,

" ^ustrles Energy Consumption Study and Survey of Large
TABLE 2, WEIGHTED3 ESTIMATES OF FUELS CONSUMED IN LARGE BOILERSb BY CATEGORIES OF FUELS DESIGNED 

OR MODIFIED TO BURN, 1979 (TRILLION BTU)

Categories of Fuel 

Designed or Modified 

to Burn

Total

Fuels

Consumed

Natural 

Gas

Fuel 

Oilc

Fuels Consumed

Coald

Other Fuels

Pulping 

Liquor

Waste 

Gases6 Misc.'

Natural Gas Only............ 391.8 391.8 -

Fuel Oil Only............... 305.5 - 305.5

Coal Only...........,.,,,,,, 401=7 - - 401.7

Other Only.................. 181.0 - 15.8

Natural Gas/F^el_0il........ 1,066.7 JI5£t][7?227P^

Natural Gas/Coal............ 143.9 323 ~- 111.6

Natural Gas/Other........... 385.2 128.7 - - 110.0

Fuel Oil/Coal............... 336.4 - 96.5 239.9

M Fuel Oil/Other.............. 782.6 - JL3Q.8. - 410^

Coal/Other.................. 89.1 - - 45.4

Naturalj£ae/Fjiai_0il/Coal... 233.4 -JESpJL •—23-ZJ 112.8

N£tu£ai^asyFu£.l_Oil/Other.. 1,198.1 13 m ..4 i Sft, ? \ - 262.3

Natural Gas/Coal/Other...... 101.4 18.0 - 36.4

FueJUQil/Coal/Other......... 76.1 - 15.8 15.2

Jil/0051 / r,————-——,

Other..................... 181.8 145.5^ 35.4) 40=5

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMED......... 5,874.7 1,853.2 994=0 1,003.5 799.0

61,0

99.2

146.3

29.6

387.4

45.1

31.7

40.4

840.7

104,1

47.3

94.7

14.1

88.9

1.8

13.3

20.0

384.2

aData imputed to adjust for nonresponse contribute on average about 30 percent of the tabulated 

values. It is unclear as to whether the raw data constitute a probability sample of the universe of 

all large combustors.

"Maximum design firing rate of 50 million Btu per hour or greater.

c lncludes distillate fuel oils (1,2,4 and light diesel) and residual fuel oils (5,6 and heavy diesel).

^Includes anthracite, bituminous, and lignite.

e lncludes blast furnace, coke oven s and refinery off-gases=

-Miscellaneous. This includes coke and breeze; wood, bark, and wood waste; motor gasoline; and LPG S butane, 

and propane.

Note: Data may not sum to totals due to roundine^ A -dash " " represents or rounds to sere*

Sources Enercy End Usr Division.. Office of Encrcv Markets and F
TABLE 3. UNWEIGHTED3 ESTIMATES OF FUEL CONSUMPTION IN LARGE BOILERSb , DESIGNED TO BURN FUEL OIL OR NATURAL GAS

OR BOTH, CLASSIFIED BY SELECTED ALTERNATE-FUEL BURNING CAPABILITY AND ACTUAL COMBINATION OF FUELS USED, 

1979 (TRILLION BTU)

Selected Categories of Fuel Designed

or Modified to Burn with Subcategories of Fuels Actually Burned

Used Natural Gas/Other. ...........

Natural Gas and Fuel Oil. ...........

Used Other Only. ..................

Used Natural Gas /Fuel Oil.........

Used Natural Gas/Fuel Oil/Other... 

Fuel Oil But Not Natural Gas........

Used Fuel Oil Only. ...............

Used Other Only. ..................

Used Fuel Oil/Other. ..............

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMED. ................

Number

of 

Boilers

936

566

55

315

3,364

692

151

44

1,769

191

63

454 

1 447

905

49

493

S 747

Total

Fuels 

Consumed

750.5

308.0

38.0

404.5

1,986.3

OQA 0

42.5

34.6

694.9

229.1

75.0

676.0 

1,185.5

 soq c;

27.6

832.4

O QOO -3

Natural 

Gas

414.0

308.0

106.0

968.5

7"5A •)

517.5

57.7

159.1

_

_

1,382.5

Fuel 

Oil c

_

._

321.3

42.5

177.5

10.1

91,2 

428.6

Q7S S

103.1

749,9

Fuels

Coald

113.8

7.7

106.1

128.2

S 3

33.3

39.6

50.0 

204.8

n o

193.6

446.8

Consumed

Other

Pulping 

Liquor

89.9

10.0

79.9

218.0

12.4

40.8

6.7

158.1 

338.7

2.5

336.2

646.6

Fuels

Waste 

Gases 6

93.3

14.3

79.0

260.1

_

16.3

88.9

13.5

141,4 

122.6

8.9

113.7

476.0

Misc. f

39.6

6.1

33.5

90.4

_

0.6

8.4

5.1

76.3 

91.0

5.4

85.6

221.0

a Data tabulated are taken from a sample survey in which 24 percent of the establishments are not 

accounted for.

^Maximum design firing rate of 50 million Btu per hour or greater.

c lncludes distillate fuel oils (1,2,4 and light diesel) and residual fuel oils (5,6 and heavy diesel).

^Includes anthracite, bituminous, and lignite.

e lncludes blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and refinery off-gases.

^Miscellaneous. This includes coke and breeze; wood, bark, and wood waste; motor gasoline; and LPG, butane, 

and propane.

Note: Data may not sum to totals due to rounding. A dash "-" represents or rounds to zero.

Source: Energy End Use Division, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy Information Administration, 

U.S. Department of Energy, "1980 Manufacturing Industries Energy Consumption Study and Survey of Large 

Combustors", (DOE/EIA-0306).
TABLE 4, WEIGHTED3 ESTIMATES OF FUEL CONSUMPTION IN LARGE BOILERSb , DESIGNED TO BURN FUEL OIL OR 

NATURAL GAS OR BOTH, CLASSIFIED BY SELECTED ALTERNATE-FUEL BURNING CAPABILITY AND ACTUAL 

COMBINATION OF FUELS USED, 1979 (TRILLION BTU)

Selected Categories of Fuel Designed 

or Modified to Burn with Subcategories of Fuels Actually Burned

Natural Gas But Not Fuel Oil. ........

Used Natural Gas Only. .............

Used Other Only. ...................

Used Gas/Other. ....................

Natural Gas and Fuel Oil. ............

Used Natural Gas/Fuel Oil. .........

Used Gas/Other. ....................

Used Fuel Oil/Other. ...............

Used Natural Gas/Fuel Oil/Other....

Used Fuel Oil Only. ................

Used Other Only. ...................

Used Fuel Oil/Other. ...............

TQTAT. FUEL CONSUMED. .................

Total 

Fuels 

Consumed

1,022.1 

413.0 

58.6 

550.5

2,680.2 

313.1 

64.5 

60.5 

874 = 0 

348.1 

100.8 

919.2

1,500.6 

407.0 

37.0 

1,056.6

5,202.9

Fuels Consumed

Other Fuels

Natural 

Gas

570.7 

413.0

157.7

1,282.5 

313.1

652.9 

92.4

224.1

1,853.2

Fuel 

Oilc

445.5 

64.5 

221.1

13.0 

146.9

548.6 

407.0

141.6 

994.1

Coald

148.0

10.6 

137.4

153.4

6.0

37.9 

49.2 

60.3

255.2

16.3 

238.9

556.6

Pulping 

Liquor

110.0

12.3 

97=7

262.3 

15.7

50.8 

8.1 

187.7

410.9

3.5 

407.4

783.2

Waste 

Gasese

144.4

28.0 

116.4

427.8

38.0

156.5 

24.6 

208.7

178.0

10.4 

167.6

750.2

Misc.f

49.1

7.8 

41.3

108.8

0.8

10.5 

5.9 

91.6

108.0

6.9

101.1

265.9

aData imputed to adjust for nonresponse contribute on average about 30 percent of the tabulated 

values. It is unclear as to whether the raw data constitute a probability sample from the universe of 

all large combustors.

^Maximum design firing rate of 50 million Btu per hour or greater.

c lncludes distillate fuel oils (1,2,4 and light diesel) and residual fuel oils (5,6 and heavy diesel).

^Includes anthracite, bituminous, and lignite.

elncludes blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and refinery off-gases.

^Miscellaneous. This includes coke and breeze; wood, bark, and wood waste; motor gasoline; and LPG, butane, 

and propane.

Note: Data may not sum to totals due to rounding. A dash "-" represents or rounds to sero=

Source: Energy End Use Division, Office of Energy Markers and End Use, Energy Information AdininistiaLiou.
FORM EIA-463 

SECTION I UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION

1980 Manufacturing industries 

Energy Consumption Study and 

Survey of Large Combustors

FORM APPROVED

0MB NUMBER 038-S80011

This report Is mandatory under the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, 

P.L. 93-275, and the Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978, P.L 95-620. 

Failure to respond may result in criminal fines, civil penalties and other sanctions, 

as provided by law.

The information reported on these forms may be (i) information that is exempt from disclosure to the public under the 

exemption for trade secrets and confidential commercial information specified in the Freedom of Information Act, 5 USC 

552 (b) (4) (FOIA), or (ii) prohibited from public release by 18 USC 1905. However, before the determination can be made that 

particular information is within the coverage of either of these statutory provisions, the person submitting the information must 

make a showing, satisfactory to the Department of Energy, concerning its confidential nature.

Therefore, respondents wishing to claim such exemption must state specifically Son an element by element basis, if possible) in 

a letter accompanying submission of this form, why they consider the information concerned to be a trade secret or other 

proprietary information, whether such information is customarily treated as confidential information by these companies and 

the industry, and the type of competitive harm that would result from disclosure of the information. In accordance with the 

provisions of 10 CFR 1004.11, OOE's Freedom of Information Act Regulations, DOE will determine whether the information 

submitted should be withheld from public disclosure. If DOE receives the responses and does not receive a request with 

substantive justification that the information submitted should not be released to the public, DOE may assume that the 

respondent does not object to disclosure to the public of any information submitted by it on the forms.

The provisions of Section 711(a) of P.L. 95-620, the Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978, which incorporate by 

reference the provisions of Section 11 (d! of P.L. 93-319, the Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974, 

apply to the information submitted on this form. Upon request, therefore, DOE must provide information obtained on this form 

to the Attorney General, the Secretary of the Interior, and the Federal Trade Commission in accordance with the cited statutes 

and other applicable authority. The information must also be made available upon request to the Congress or any committee 

of the Congress and to the General Accounting Office.

WHAT TO FILL OUT:

 Complete Section I (on yellow paper) only once; it applies to your establishment Ishown on mail label below) as a whole.

 Complete a separate copy of Section II (on blue paper! for:

 each boiler, gas turbine, and internal combustion engine with a maximum design firing rate of 50 million 

Btu/hr or greater, and

 each fired component of a combined cycle unit in which the components total a firing rate of 50 

million Btu/hr or greater.

 If your company did not operate this establishment at any time in 1979 answer only items 1 through 7 and 14 through 

18 of Section I. Then complete Section II forms required.

 If your establishment does not have any boiler, gas turbine, internal combustion engine and/or combined cycle units 

with a maximum design firing rate of 50 million Btu/hr or greater, answer only items 1 through 7 and 15 through 

18 of Section I.

SEE SECTION II, PAGE 4 FOR ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS

SECTION" I - ESTABLISHMENT I PLANT) ""

1. Name and physical location of establishment. MAIL LABEL

NAME

NUMBER AND STREET

CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, ETC.

COUNTY STATE ZIP

(Please correct any error in name and mail address on 

label, including zip codej

13
ESTABLISHMENT IDENTIFICATION

2. Current Employer Identification Number (EIN). (This is the number used by this establishment on the 

latest Quarterly Federal Tax Return Form 94 7 J

1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 {//A

3. Primary Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code for this establishment.

1 !

4. Number of paid employees at this establishment for the pay period including March 12, 1979. (Use the 

definition of employees specified by your State Employment Security Agency; be sure to include produc 

tion workers and all other employees.) THOU UMI TS

I I Employees

5. Is this estab'ishrrent owned or controlled by another organization or company? 

( 1 ) No (go to item 6)

(2) i Yes (enter name and address of parent company)

NAME NUMBER AND STREET

CITY STATE ZIP

6. Is this a seasonal operation?

n

[ I No 12) ! Yes (indicate number of months this

 establishment operated -in 1979) 

Months

7. Change in status of this establishment in 1979 or 1980. (mark one box only) 

(1) j j No change in 1979 or 1980.

(2) Started as a new business (i.e., 1979 or 1980 was the initial year of operation of this establishment 

Soenifv month and vear started: _L

(3) 

(4) 

<5)

MONTH YEAR

Establishment was acquired or leased from another company in 1979 or 1980. 

Specifv month and year in which acquired or leased: I

MONTH YEAH 

Former

operator 1 NAME NUMBER AND STREET

CITY STATE ZIP

[ Establishment was sold or leased to another company in 1979 or 1980. 

Specify month and year in which sold or leased: I

MONTH YEAR 

Mew

operator: NAME NUMBER AND STREET

CITY STATE ZIP

Establishment was permanently closed, dismantled, abandoned, or destroyed.

Specify month and year in which closed, etc.: |

MONTH YEAR

FORM EIA-463 SECTION I 14
"2.

t/5 Q

UJ Q 8 O a

0 « -

-i .H w t ,_ ... ,.,

3 0

"- v.

£

z 

g

O.

s

=> w

z

O O 

_J u

3 u.

8. Fill out the following table for fuels used by this establishment during calendar year 1979 for heat, power,

and/or generation of electricity. Actual shipment of fuels may have occurred earlier than 1979.

• Fill out all portions that apply; leave others blank.

— non-purchased fuels, such as interplant transfers.

• Do not include: — fuels produced as byproducts of onsite operations (these are to be reported in item 9).

— fuels used for transportation equipment. 

- fuels used for feedstocks (see Glossary for "feedstocks"!.

• Note that the amount of "wood, bark, wood waste" is asked for on a "50 percent moisture" basis. Adjustments 

may be necessary in estimating the amount used.

• Figures for amounts in excess of 100,000 may be rounded to thousands; if you prefer, however, you may report 

exact amounts.

Example: If this establishment used 1,256,680 mcf of natural gas in 1979, report either:

MIL THOU UNITS MIL THOU UNITS

AMOUNT USED FOR AVERAGE AVERAGE 

HEAT, POWER AND/OR Btu CONTENT % SULFUR 

GENERATION OF (HIGHER HEATING IBY 

FUEL ELECTRICITY VALUEI WEIGHT)

SOLIDS MIL THOU UWITS THOU UNITS 

(11) Anthracite V////A^n [ \ I per Ib %

(W Bituminous coal %

(non-metallurgical uses) ' ———— ' ———— v/s/f/\ \ ____ i ———— i K 

(13* Lignite 1 Y////Aivn \ \ per Ib %

(14) Coke and breeze ' Y////A ton | | per Ib %

(15) Wood, bark, wood waste \//////. , i IK 150% moisture basis) ———— ' ———— ^^ tOn ' ———————— per lb

Other. solid fuels (specify) 

\ Y////A, ton | ( per Ib %

1 V////A ton | \ | per Ib %

LIQUIDS

(21) Motor gasoline r /,,,,> , , \ \ 

(for stationary engines! i ———— i ———— ^^ gal 1 ———————— per gal

(22) Distillate fuel oils K////XJ i i i i i o/ 11, Z 4 & light dleseli ———————— ^^^ 9al 1 ———————— per gal ' ———— %

(23} ^cf^L- - r////X)oal 1 1 1 Per gal %

Other liquid fuels (specify! 

Y/////\ Qal 1 | per gal %

I V///A sal | 1 1 per gal %

GASES

(31) Natural gas | Y/////)( mcf | | . | per cu ft

(32) LPG, butane, propane Y////A Qal | | I per gal

Other gaseous fuels (specify} 

K////Zimcf [ | | per cu ft %

I Y////A mcf | I I per cu ft %

FORM EIA-463 SECTION 1 {CONTINUE ON REVERS£ SIDEI

15
"£

C/3 O

n » Q <n O *

O QJ ———————————

ril

3 0

"• k. 

O

CONSUMPTION FUEL 

ELECTRICITY

9. Please fill out the following table for fuels which were produced onsite as bypro

operations during 1979.

• DO NOT INCLUDE any amounts of fuel reported in item 8.

• Note thai "pulping liquor" is specified on a "bone-dry" basis; give the am 

• Fir out all portions that apply; leave others blank.

| j No fuels produced as byproducts in 1979 (go to item Wa & bl

AMOUNT USED AT AVERAGE 

SITE FOR HEAT, POWER Btu CONTENT 

AND/OB GENERATION OF (HIGHER HEATING 

FUEL ELECTRICITY VALUE)

MIL THOU UNITS THOU UNITS

(14) Coke ! I V////A ton L I I per Ib j_

115) Wood, bark, 

wood waste 

(50% moisture 

basis/ i I *(/////). ton L J i per Ib

(24) Pulping liquor 

{bone dry basis) i I fy'-''///^ ton i per Ib 1

Other solid fuel 

(specify)

\ \ \'-'///A\w [ .] [ per Ib L

Other liquid fuel 

(specify)

i ! Y////A gal - 1 __ j per gal L

PROCESS OFF GASES:

(33) Blast furnace

qas | ! V/7//A mcf i ! per cu ft [_

(34) Coke oven qas i 1 V/--/- /,''A rncf i 1 per cu ft [_

(35) Refinery off pas 1 I V////A mcf 1 ! per cu ft L

Other process 

gases (specify!

\ i V////A mcf L ! per cu ft ]_

10a. Please complete the following, (if "none" enter zero for units)

BIL

(1) Amount of electricity purchased or received in 1979 ............ i

(2) Total amount of electricity generated onsite in 1979 ............ | |

(3) Amount of electricity sold or transferred offsite in 1979. ........ |

(4) Electricity used onsite in 1979 

[this fiqure should be the same as (11 + (2) - (3)1 .............. ! |

lOb. Of the total amount of electricity generated onsite in 1979 ithe amount reported 

report the amounts generated by each of the following:

No electricity generated (go to item Hi 

ID Steam ..................................................... |

(2) Gas turbines. ............................................... I ]

(3) Internal combustion engines ................................. | |

(4) Hydro. ..................................................... | |

(5) Other (specify) . . | |

ducts of establishment

ount used in tons.

AMOUNT SOLD OR 

TRANSFERRED

OFFSITE

MIL THOU UNIT5

I \7///7/ ton

I \YAYA tor:

I V///A tc :-

i V///A tcI V////A 3*

Y////A me

 <////// mr

V///A m :

I V///A me

MIL THOU UNITS

I V////A :<:W

I W///A kW

V////A kW

I V////A kW

in 10a (2)1 please

MIL THOU UNITS

1 Y/////. KW

Y////A kW

Y/////> kw

I Y////7), kw

^/////, kW

fORM EIA-463 SECTION I 16
OTHER 

ENERGY SOURCES

STEAM TRANSFERS

STEAM GENERATION

saoisnaiAioo

3DHV1

OFFICE 

USE ONLY

11. Please report the Btu output from any of the following energy sources used by this establishment in 1979. 

(do not report any amounts of energy reported in items 8, 9 or 10!

[_~| None used in 1979 (go to item 12}

Btu OUTPUT 

DERIVED FROM SOURCE 

ENERGY SOURCE m 1979

MIL THOU UNITS

(1) Hydro. ........................ | | f////A Btu

(2) Wind ......................... [ I Y////A Btu

(3S Geothermal .................... L | Y////A Btu

(4) Solar ......................... | Y////A Btu

(5) Any other energy sources 

{specify}

\ \ Y////A Btu

12. indicate amount of steam transferred into or out of this establishment during 1979. (if none, enter zero! 

AMOUNT OF STEAM PRESSURE TEMPERATURE

Bit MIL THOU UNITS

a. Steam purchased or I V////AV& & psio °F

received '' I Y/////,\b @ psia

b. Steam sold or transferred j 1/////A* @ psig

off site I Y/A'/A\*> © osia

13. Indicate amounts of steam generated at this establishment during 1979. 

J j No steam generated (go to item 141

AWIOUNi Oh SlbAM PRESSURE 

 Include- Steam generated B1L M|L THQU UN|TS 

in any boilers, waste heat 

boilers, or other steam | j Y////A\b & psiq

generating units. 

* Do not include purchased 1 ———— ' ———— I ———— &2222^*> @ .psig

steam or steam from blow , , \/////A\\~ /-s 

down or corutensate. ———— 1 ————————— Y/Z//A\*> @ ps,g

———————————————— 1 ] [//////lib © osia

1 [//////lib © psig

°F

°F

°F

TEMPERATURE

°F

°F

°F

°F

°F

14. Indicate the current number of combustors of each type at this establishment with a maximum design fir 

ing rate of 50 million Btu/hr or greater, (write single digits as 01, 03, 08, etc.l

NUMBER 

B. | | | Boilers 

b- |__L_J £> as turbines 

c -~ | j. I Internal combustion engines

e. | 1 | Number of fired components in combined cycle units 

f. 1 __ 1 l_ 1 Total (a + b + c + e); equals the number of Section II forms to be

this report

completed for

FORM EIA-4K3 SECTION

17
OTHER COMBUSTORS

CONTACT

DISCLOSURE

OFFICE USE 

ONLY

CERTIFICATION

15. Indicate the current number of all other combustors at this establishment (i.e., combustors not reported r 

item 14) in each category.

• Do not repon combustors with a maximum design firing rate of less than 1 million Btu/hr.

• Under "internal combustion engines" 

do not include self-propelled vehicles; 

do include equipment such as portable 

generators with a maximum firing rate 

of 1 million Btu'hr or greater.

Boilers

Gas turbines

Internal combustion engines

Fluid heaters (fired petroleum heater, blast 

furnace stove, etc.l

Dryers (mineral dryer, paint dryer, food dryer, etc.l

Calciners (cement kiln, lime kiln, alumina kiln, etc.}

Reactors (blast furnace, cupola, reforming 

furnace, pyrolysis furnace, incinerator, etc.l

Welters (regenerative glass melter, reverberatory 

furnace, open hearth furnace, etc.l

Heat treaters (annealing lehr, brick kiln, 

tempering furnace, oven, etc.l

Reheaters (soaking pit, reheat furnace, etc.l

Sinterers/Pelletizers (vertical shaft furnace, grate 

kiln, sintering furnace, etc.l

For office use only

NUMBER OF OTHER COMBUSTORS

.....................

Maximum Design Firing Rate (in millions of Btu/hr)

1-9 I 250 

10-24 ; 25-49 50-99 100-249 or 

greater

For 

office 

use 

only

—— I

—————

'%%%.

j

I

:

........... .....y..,,,,..

 '/,///'/ '.

J!JYJ:

//////'-

' / / / / ''/'.','.'' ''

Y/////,'

Y'/Y'Y':'

16. Person to be contacted regarding this report. Name:

Title: Telephone No. I )

Mailing address (if different 

from mailina label in item 1):

17. Disclosure Statement

a. Does the information supplied on this form contain trade secrets and/or privileged or confidential 

commercial or financial information?

(1) [ | No (go to item 181 (2) [_J Yes (continue with item T7W

b. Have you attached a written justification for exemption from Freedom of Information Act, 5 DSC 

552(b)(4)? (seepage V

(1) I I No (2) i I Voc

I ———— I I ———— ' i Co

18. Certification (to apply to Section 1 and all forms which constitute Section II of this report): print the name 

and title of the individual designated by the company to sign this certification. This individual must sign r 

the space provided and enter date of signing.

This report is substantially accurate and has been prepared in accordance with instructions, and coven;: 

the oeriod to

PRINTED NAME TITLE

SIGNATURE DATE

FORM EIA-463 SECTION I

18
FORM EiA-463 

SECTION II

UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION

1980 Manufacturing Industries 

Energy Consumption Study and

Survey of Large Combustors

FORM APPROVED

0MB NUMBER Q38-S80011

ID NO.:

SECTION if - INDIVIDUAL REPORT

THIS REPORT IS MANDATORY (see page 4 of Section 11, General Instructions)

Assign sequential numbers to each boiler, gas turbine, internal combustion engine and each fired component of a combined cycle unit for 

which you are reporting. As an example, if you are reporting for four boilers and one combined cycle unit with two fired components the 

numbers should go from 01 through 06 (01 through 04 would identify individual boilers; 05 and 06 would identify the two components of 

the combined cycle unit!.

Z 

O

< 

O

K 

Z 

UJ

O

1a. Enter the sequential number assigned to this combustor.

1b. Name or identification number assigned to this combustor in your company's records:

2a. is this combustor part of a combined cycle unit?

(1) I"""] NO (go to item 3) (2) \ ^ \ Yes (continue with item 2b) 

2b. Please list the numbers las assigned in item 1al of ail other fired components of this combined cycle unit.

cc 

O

O

3. What kind of combustor or component of a combined cycle unit is this? (mark one box only)

r—I Boiler (continue with ^ [—] Combustion Engine (go to item 5) 

I_i /ferns 4a, b, £t ci >

(2) ! I Gas Turbine (go to item 5)

Z 

O

<

K 

UJ 

0.

O

O

CD

4a. What is this boiler's design (rated) steam/hot water:

(1) Pressure? ________psig (2) Temperature? °F

MIL THOU UNITS Mil THOU UNITS

(3) Flow Rate? |____|______&////A Ib/hr (steam], or, \____|____l2222^ Btu/hr (hot water

boilers only)

4b. For this boiler, what is the annual average steam/hot water:

ID Pressure? __________psig (2) Temperature?

(3) Deaerator pressure? _psig, or, Feedwater temperature?

4c. Is the steam or hot water produced by this boiler used for: (mark all that apply'

13) j Electricity generation? ,,, I—I Space heating, ventilating, or

I—I air conditioning?

(2) [I Process heat? (4) I I Mechanical drive (other than electricity

generation)? 

(NOW GO TO ITEM 61

<r

UJ

I

Q.

5. "Indicate below whether this gas turbine/internal combustion engine is used for electricity generation or 

"mechanical drive (mark one box only!. Also indicate the rated output of this unit.

USE RATED OUTPUT

THOU UNITS

(1) | | Electricity generation

(2) Mechanical drive.

kW

hp

19
YEAR INSTALLED

•^

</> §

UI

0 3!

0 3

0 g ——————

3 0

"• w

jg ———————

E

COMBUSTOR DESIGN AND FUEL USE

6. In fjhai year was this combustor initially installed at this establishment? Report 

regardless of any alterations or modifications since then.

7. In column (1) of the following table, indicate all 

has been modified, to use (mark all that apply). 

in this combus'tor in 1979.

FUEL

SOLIDS

(11) Anthracite 

(12) Bituminous coal 

(13) Lignite 

(14) Coke and breeze

(15) Wood, bark, wood waste 

(50% moisture basis!

Other solid fuels (specify)

LIQUIDS 

(21) Motor gasoline 

(22) Distillate fuel oils (1, 2, 4 & light diesell 

(23) Residual fuel oils 15, 6 & heavy diesel) 

(24) Pulping liquor (bone dry basis) 

Other liquid fuels (specify)

GASES

(31) Natural gas 

(32) LPG, butane, propane 

(33) Blast furnace gas 

(34) Coke oven gas 

(35) Refinery off gas 

OtHfer gaseous fuels (specify/

-

OTHER (specify)

the fuel(s) that this combustor 

Indicate in column (2) the amo

DESIGNED OR 

MODIFIED TO USE

(D

n n

D

n . n

D

n

n n

n

i _ \

Di — j

D 

D

! I

D 

D

n n

n

n

.year of initial installation

YEAR

was initially designed, or 

jnt of each fuel used

AMOUNT 

USED IN 1379

(2)

MIL THOU UN IS

1 V////A 10

v//// . 10

V////' «o

'//////: tO

1 Y////A to

1 Y/////. to

1 Y////A co

Y/7/77, s*

j 1 y/7//7, o:

1 Y////A pi

1 Y////A t:

! Y////A q:

Y////A g;

1 1 V////A IT

1 1 V////A o

1 V////7 rr

1 1 V////J rr

1 V//A-7 rr

I V////A rr

i y///// nI y////A B

1 1 7////A Y B

FORM EIA-463 SECTION

20

/CONTINUE ON REVERSE
o 2 co co

8. tf this combustor was either designed, or has been modified, to use a solid fuel, what was the design 

sulfur and Btu content of that fuel?

[ | Not applicable

THOU UNITS

% Sulfur Btu/lb

to

UJ

< 

K

(3

9. What is this combustor's current maximum design firing rate? BIL MIL THOU UNITS

Btu/hr

10. At what firing rate is this combustor operated when it is in use? (indicate both range and usual rate 

when not banked)

BIL MIL THOU UMTS BIL MIL THOU UNITS

RANGE: From |_ 

USUAL RATE: !

J____'{>''/////> Btu/hr to Btu/hr

I I *(/////* Btu/hr

C3 

UJ 

3

11a. Approximately what is the temperature of the flue gas at the exit of this combustor while in use at 

the usual firing rate ? (the rate indicated as usual in item W>

11b. What type of heat recovery equipment is used beyond this exit? (mark all that apply)

(1) j None (4) rj Economizer (7) [~~| Other (specify!

(2} Regenerative air preheater (5) j | Waste heat boiler

!3! I j Recuperative air preheater (&} | Raw material preheater ________

CO

D 

DCo

CO

D 

03

s

o 

u

12. If your company did not operate this plant in 1979, or if this combustor was installed after 1979, 

check box below.

[ [ Skip items 13 & 14

13. Please estimate the number of hours in 1979 this combustor was in use at approximately the usual 

firing rate.

Hours

14. During 1979, approximately how many days each month was this combustor not in use? (count only 

days on which this combustor was shut down for a 24 hour period)

NUMBER OF 

DAYS

NUMBER OF 

DAYS

NUMBER OF 

DAYS

NUMBER OF 

DAYS

(1) January

(2) February

(3) March

(4) April

(5) May 

(6} June

(7) July

(8) August 

(91 September

(10) October

_J (11! November |___L 

(12) December I I

NOTES OR COMMENTS:

FORM E1A-463 SECTION II

21
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

This report is mandatory under the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, 

P.L 93-275, and the Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978, P.L 95-620. 

Failure to respond may result in criminal fines, civil penalties and other sanctions, 

as provided by law.

The information reported on these forms may be (il information that is exempt from disclosure to the public under the 

exemption for trade secrets and confidential commercial information specified in the Freedom of Information Act, 5 USC 552 

(b) (4) (FOIA), or (ii) prohibited from public release by 18 USC 1905. However, before the determination can be made that 

particular information is within the coverage of either of these statutory provisions,, the person submitting the information must 

make a showing, satisfactory to the Department of Energy, concerning its confidential nature.

Therefore, respondents wishing to claim such exemption must state specifically (on an element by element basis, if possible! in 

a letter accompanying submission of this form, why they consider the information concerned to be a trade secret or other 

proprietary information, whether such information is customarily treated as confidential information by these companies and 

the industry, and the type of competitive harm that would result from disclosure of the information. In accordance with the 

provisions of 10 CFR 1004.11, DOE's Freedom of Information Act Regulations, DOE wiil determine whether the information 

submitted should be withheld from public disclosure. If DOE receives the responses and does not receive a request with 

substantive justification that the information submitted should not be released to the public, DOE may assume that the 

respondent does not object to disclosure to the public of any information submitted by it on the forms.

The provisions of Section 711(a) of P.L. 95-620, the Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978, which incorporate by 

reference the provisions of Section 11 jd) of P.L. 93-319, the Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974, 

apply to the information submitted on this form. Upon request, therefore, DOE must provide information obtained on this form 

to the Attorney General, the Secretary of the Interior, and the Federal Trade Commission in accordance with the cited statutes 

and other applicable authority. The information must also be made available upon request to the Congress or any committee 

of the Congress and to the General Accounting Office.

1. Complete a separate copy of Section I) for:

• each boiler, gas turbine, and internal combustion engine with a maximum design firing rate of 50 million Btu/hr or 

greater, and

• each fired component of a combined cycle unit in which the components total a firing rate of 50 million Btu/hr 

or greater.

2. Fill out a copy of Section II for each combustor of the specified maximum firing rate, even if the combustor was unused in 

1979, unless the combustor was permanently destroyed or removed from the site prior to 1979.

3. All items which ask for figures for "1979" refer to the 12 months of calendar year 1979. If your establishment maintains its 

records on a fiscal year basis and the fiscal year ended between September 30, 1979 and March 31, 1980, you may use 

records from the fiscal year.

4. If records are not available for an item, carefully derived estimates are acceptable.

5. The Glossary explains key terms used in the forms.

6. If the space allowed for your answers is insufficient, use extra sheets of paper to record additional pertinent information. Be 

sure to identify the question number for each item reported on the extra sheets.

7. For additional copies of the forms write or call:

Mr. Stephen J, Dienstfrey, Industrial Survey Manager

U.S. Department of Energy

P.O. Box 2100

Rockville, MD 20852

800-638-6584

or you may duplicate as many copies of the forms as needed. If you make duplicate copies, please be sure that the printed 

ID number which appears on page 1 is clearly legible on all reproduced copies.

8. If you wish to amend or correct any items after returning your completed forms, send the corrections to Mr. Dienstfrey at 

the address above. Clearly identify the item(s) to be amended or corrected.

FORM EIA-463 SECTION II 22
GLOSSARY

Anthracite — ASTM class I coal

, Bituminous Coat — ASTM classes il and III coal. Please note that sub-bituminous coal should be reported under 

this category.

Boiler — A unit which heats water for the generation of steam and/or hot water. 

Bone Dry — 0% moisture.

Calciner — A combustor which heats solid material to a high temperature without fusing. Its principal function is 

to decompose hydrates, carbonates, and other compounds and expel volatile matter. This will primarily refer to 

the heating of unformed materials in a kiln such as a rotary cement kiln, lime kiln, or alumina kiln.

Coke — The solid residue remaining from the destructive distillation of coal or other carbonaceous material such 

as pitch, petroleum, or petroleum residue. Coke which is used as a raw material in a blast furnace, cupola furnace 

or any other operation should not be reported as a fuel in this survey.

Combined Cycle Unit — An electric or mechanical power generating unit that consists of a combination of one 

or more combustion turbine units and one or more boilers with a substantial portion of the required energy input 

to the boiler(s) provided by the exhaust gas of the combustion turbine unitfs). Use of supplemental firing for the 

boiler does not preclude the unit from being designated a combined cycle unit.

Combustor — A unit which consumes fuels that are used primarily to provide heat. Examples are boilers, fur 

naces, ovens, combustion turbines, blast furnaces, internal combustion engines, and combined cycle units.

Dryer — A combustor which drives off or removes water or other volatile compounds from the material being 

processed. Typical types of dryers would be rotary mineral dryers, shaft mineral dryers, paint drying ovens, or 

food dryers,

Establishment — The definition of establishment for this survey is the same as that used by the Bureau of 

Census; in general, that is a single physical location where manufacturing is performed.

Feedstocks — Materials (which can also be used as fuels) which are consumed as raw materials in the production 

of intermediate or finished products. Feedstocks do not include materials used primarily for process heat. Coal 

used for coking, crude oil that is refined, and coke used in blast furnaces, are all considered feedstocks for this 

survey.

Firing Rate — Fuel heat input rate. The rate at which fuei is supplied to a combustor. The firing rate calculation 

is based on the higher heating value of the fuel.

Fluid heater — A combustor that heats (or preheats) gases or liquids. Examples of fluid heaters are fired 

petroleum heaters and blast furnace stoves. Cornbustors where a chemical reaction takes place simultaneously 

with heating are considered reactors, not heaters.

Gas Turbine — A heat engine that converts energy of fuel into work by using compressed hot gas as the 

working medium. Usually delivers its mechanical output through a rotating shaft. Also known as a combustion 

turbine.

Heat Treater — A combustor that heats a material to create or remove specific properties in the material. Heat 

treating is particularly widespread in the metals industries. Examples of heat treaters are glass annealing lehrs and 

brick kilns.

Higher Heating Value — The total heat obtained from the combustion of a specified amount of fuel and the 

stoichiometrically correct amount of air, both at 60° F when combustion starts, and the combustion products 

being cooled to 60° F before the heat release is measured. This is the heating value that is typically reported in 

the United States.

Hot Water Boiler — A boiler that can produce only hot water and not steam.

internal Combustion Engine — A prime mover in which the fuel is burned within the engine and the products 

of combustion serve as the working medium.

Lignite — ASTM class IV coal.

23
GLOSSARY (CONTINUED/

Maximum Design Firing Rate — The maximum firing rate that the combustor is designed to achieve over a 

period of continuous operation.

mcf — One thousand cubic feet at 14.73 psia and 60° F.

Melter — A combustor where the principal function is the conversion of a solid to a liquid at high temperature. 

Examples include glass melters, aluminum reverberatory melters and open hearth furnaces.

Metallurgical Coal — Bituminous or coking coals which are used to produce coke for blast furnaces and cupol;;: 

furnaces.

Onsite — Pertains to operations which are performed on the grounds of the establishment itself.

Reactor — A combustor in which a chemical reaction takes place. Examples include reforming furnaces or 

pyrolysis furnaces in the chemical industry, or blast furnaces or coke ovens in the steel industry.

Recuperative Air Preheater — A continuous heat exchanger where heat passes through a surface separating 

the exiting flue gases, which are being cooled, and the material being heated, usually incoming combustion air

Regenerative Air Preheater — A cyclical heat exchanger where the exiting flue gases give up heat as they pasi; 

over exchanger internals. This heat is released to the material being heated, usually incoming combustion air, as 

passes over the exchanger internals in the opposite part of the cycle (includes heat wheels).

Reheater — A combustor where the primary function is to bring the temperature of a solid material to a level 

appropriate for subsequent operations. Examples include steel reheating furnaces and soaking pits.

Sinterer/Pelletizer — A combustor which agglomerates ores, coke breeze, or metal powders without melting. 

Usual Rate — The most typical or frequent rate of operation.

MULTIPLY

Barrels

Btu

Btu

Btu/hr

Btu/hr

Horsepower

Horsepower

Horsepower-hour

Kilowatt

Kilowatt

Kilowatt-hour

CONVERSION FACTORS

BY

42.0

0.000393

0.000293

0.000393

0.000293

2545.0

0.7457

2545.0

3412.0

1.34

3412.0

TO OBTAIN

Gallons

Horsepower-hour

kWh

Horsepower

Kilowatt

Btu/hr

Kilowatt

Btu

Btu/hr

Horsepower

Btu

24
This publication is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government 

Printing Office. An order form is enclosed for your convenience. Send order form and 

payment to:

Superintendent of Documents 

U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C. 20402

Order Desk: (202)783-3238

Stock Number: 061-003-00233-1 

Price; $2.50

For questions on energy statistics or information on availability of other EIA publications, 

contact.

National Energy information Center, Ef-20 

Forrestai Building 

U.S. Department of Energy 

Washington, D.C. 20585

(202) 252-8800

*U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1982 0-351-068/1314
DOE F 1340.2 

(2-80) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 

GPO SINGLE ISSUE AND ANNUAL ORDER FORM

(For use in ordering EIA Publications only - Read Ordering Information Section before completing form.) B

SEND ORDER FORM TO:iSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402

Enclosed is $ D Check

D Money order, or charge to my 

Deposit Account No.

Credit Card Orders Only

Total charges S _____ Fill in the boxes below

Order No.

Credit 

Card No.

Expiration Date 

Month/Year

PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE 

NAME - FIRST, LAST

NAME AND ADDRESS

COMPANY NAME OR ADDITIONAL ADDRESS LINE

STREET ADDRESS

CITY STATE ZIP CODE

(OR COUNTRY)

PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE THE GPO STOCK NO. OF SINGLE ISSUES OR ANNUALS YOU WISH TO RECEIVE:

FOR OFFICE USE ONLY 

QUANTITY

........ ENCLOSED

........ TO BEWAILED .

....... .SUBSCRIPTIONS

POSTAGE ..............

FOREIGN HANDLING . . . .

MMOB .................

OPNR ..................

. . UPNS 

. . DISCOUNT 

. . .REFUND

CHARGES

GPO 864-039
U.S. Department of Energy 

Energy Information Administration 

National Energy Information Center, El- 20 

Forrestal Building 

Washington, D.C. 20585

FIRST-CLASS MM. 

POSTAGE & FEES "AID 

U.S. DEPT. OF: E'Vi-RGY

PERMIT NO. G ;-:o

FIRST CLASS MAIL

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300