20282 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 78 /Thursday, April 23, 1998 /Rules and Regulations

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Parts 61 and 141

[Docket No. 25910; Amendment Nos. 61–

104 and 141–10]

RIN 2120–AE71

Pilot, Flight Instructor, Ground

Instructor, and Pilot School

Certification Rules; Clarifying

Amendments and Other Editorial

Changes

AGENCY: Federal Aviation

Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Final rule.

SUMMARY: This amendment makes

minor revisions to clarify regulations

regarding the certification, training, and

experience requirements for pilots,

flight instructors, and ground

instructors, and the certification

requirements for pilot schools approved

by the FAA.

EFFECTIVE DATE: This rule is effective

May 26, 1998.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: John

Lynch, Certification Branch, AFS–840,

General Aviation and Commercial

Division, Flight Standards Service,

FAA, 800 Independence Avenue SW.,

Washington, DC 20591; telephone (202)

267–3844.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Availability of Final Rule

Any person may obtain a copy of this

final rule by submitting a request to the

Federal Aviation Administration, Office

of Rulemaking, Attn: ARM–1, 800

Independence Avenue SW.,

Washington, DC 20591, or by calling

(202) 267–9680. Communications must

identify the amendment number or

docket number of this final rule.

Using a modem and suitable

communications software, an electronic

copy of this document may be

downloaded from the FAA regulations

section of the FedWorld electronic

bulletin board service (telephone: (703)

321–3339) or the Federal Register’s

electronic bulletin board service

(telephone: (202) 512–1661).

Internet users may reach the FAA’s

web page at http://www.faa.gov, or the

Federal Register’s web page at http://

www.access.gpo.gov/suldocs for

access to recently published rulemaking

documents.

Small Business Inquiries

The Small Business Regulatory

Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996

(SBREFA) requires the FAA to report

inquiries from small entities concerning

information on, and advice about,

compliance with statutes and

regulations within the FAA’s

jurisdiction, including interpretation

and application of the law to specific

sets of facts supplied by a small entity.

If you are a small entity and have a

question, contact your local FAA

official. If you do not know how to

contact your local FAA official, you may

contact Charlene Brown, Program

Analyst Staff, Office of Rulemaking,

ARM–27, Federal Aviation

Administration, 800 Independence

Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591, 1–

888–551–1594. Internet users can find

additional information on SBREFA in

the ‘‘Quick Jump’’ section of the FAA’s

web page at http://www.faa.gov and

may send electronic inquiries to the

following Internet address: 9-AWASBREFA@faa.dot.gov.

Background

On April 4, 1997, the FAA published

a final rule titled ‘‘Pilot, Flight

Instructor, Ground Instructor, and Pilot

School Certification Rules’’ (62 FR

16220). That final rule, which became

effective on August 4, 1997, amended

the certification, training, and

experience requirements for pilots,

flight instructors, and ground

instructors, and the certification

requirements for pilot schools approved

by the FAA. The FAA published

corrections to that final rule on July 30,

1997 (62 FR 40888). This amendment

makes minor revisions to clarify certain

provisions in that final rule. In addition,

this amendment includes provisions

that were inadvertently omitted from

the final rule.

Discussion of Amendment

Terminology

To provide for consistency throughout

parts 61 and 141, the phrases

‘‘performing the functions of pilot in

command (PIC)’’ and ‘‘performing the

functions and duties of PIC’’ have been

replaced with the phrase ‘‘performing

the duties of PIC.’’ It was not the intent

of the FAA to distinguish between the

words ‘‘functions’’ and ‘‘duties’’ and

this revision has been made to avoid

any ambiguity concerning the meaning

of these terms. This revision is not

discussed in the following section-bysection analysis.

Part 61

Section 61.2 Certification of foreign

pilots, flight instructors, and ground

instructors. As adopted in the final rule,

§ 61.2 provides that, except under

certain conditions, a person who is not

a citizen or resident alien of the United

States may not be issued an airman

certificate unless that person passes the

appropriate knowledge or practical test

in the United States. The FAA did not

previously require a person who is not

a citizen or resident alien of the United

States to take the knowledge test in the

United States; that requirement was

inadvertently included in the provisions

of § 61.2. Therefore, the references to the

knowledge test have been removed from

§ 61.2. However, the FAA notes that a

person who is not a citizen or resident

alien of the United States must take a

knowledge test for a certificate or rating

when otherwise required in part 61,

although the test may be taken outside

the United States.

Section 61.31 Type rating

requirements, additional training, and

authorization requirements. The FAA

has revised the heading for § 61.31(h) to

read ‘‘Additional aircraft type-specific

training’’ rather than ‘‘Additional

training required by the aircraft’s type

certificate.’’ This new heading more

accurately reflects the content of

§ 61.31(h), which requires additional

training and an endorsement from an

authorized instructor before a person

may serve as PIC of an aircraft that the

Administrator has determined requires

additional type-specific training. The

introductory text of § 61.31(i)(1) also has

been revised to correct a typographical

error.

Section 61.35 Knowledge test:

Prerequisites and passing grades.

Section 61.35(a)(1) requires that an

applicant for a knowledge test receive

an endorsement from an authorized

instructor certifying that the applicant

has accomplished a ground-training or

home-study course for the certificate or

rating sought and is prepared for the

knowledge test. The FAA notes that not

all applicants for a certificate or rating

are required to have such an

endorsement before taking a knowledge

test. Sections 61.153 and 61.165 do not

require an applicant for an airline

transport pilot (ATP) certificate or an

additional aircraft category or class

rating on an ATP certificate to have

such an endorsement. In addition, an

applicant for a ground instructor

certificate or rating under § 61.213 need

not obtain an endorsement from an

authorized instructor before taking the

knowledge test. Therefore, § 61.35 has

been revised to require an endorsement

only if otherwise required in part 61.

Section 61.39 Prerequisites for

practical tests. Section 61.39 has been

revised to reflect that not all applicants

for a practical test are required to have

an endorsement from an authorized

instructor to be eligible to take the
Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 78 /Thursday, April 23, 1998 /Rules and Regulations 20283

practical test. Sections 61.153 and

61.165 do not require an applicant for

an ATP certificate or an additional

aircraft category or class rating on an

ATP certificate to have such an

endorsement. Therefore, § 61.39(a)(6)

has been revised accordingly.

Section 61.45 Practical tests:

Required aircraft and equipment. In the

correction to the final rule, the FAA

added the language ‘‘Unless otherwise

authorized by the Administrator’’ to the

introductory paragraph of § 61.45(b).

This language was added to permit an

applicant to obtain authorization from

the Administrator to take the practical

test in an aircraft whose operating

characteristics preclude a pilot from

demonstrating all of the maneuvers

required to be performed during the

practical test. For example, the Cessna

(C) 336 and 337 series airplanes do not

have a published minimum control

speed with critical engine

inoperative(VMC) and thus an applicant

for an airplane multiengine rating

would not be able to perform the VMC

demonstration task if a C–336/337 series

airplane is used to take the practical

test. As noted in the correction to the

final rule, a similar provision was

included in § 61.13(c) before the

adoption of the final rule but was

inadvertently omitted when the

provisions of that paragraph were

incorporated into § 61.45(b).

Upon further review, the FAA has

determined that instead of relying on

the phrase ‘‘Unless otherwise

authorized by the Administrator,’’

§ 61.45(b) should be revised to explicitly

provide for the use of such aircraft.

Therefore, § 61.45(b) has been revised to

provide that an applicant for a

certificate or rating may use an aircraft

whose operating characteristics

preclude the applicant from performing

all of the tasks required for the practical

test. The FAA notes that before the

adoption of the final rule, § 61.13(c) also

provided for the placement of a

limitation on an applicant’s certificate

or rating if such an aircraft is used by

an applicant. This provision was

inadvertently omitted from the previous

correction of § 61.45(b). Therefore,

§ 61.45(b) now provides that the

applicant’s certificate or rating will be

issued with an appropriate limitation if

an aircraft whose operating

characteristics preclude demonstration

of all the tasks required for a practical

test.

Section 61.51 Pilot logbooks. Section

61.51(e)(1)(i) allows a recreational,

private, or commercial pilot to log PIC

time for that flight time during which

the pilot is the sole manipulator of the

controls of an aircraft for which the

pilot is rated. However, this provision

does not permit those pilots to log PIC

time if the pilot is the sole occupant of

an aircraft but is not rated in that

aircraft. For example, a commercial

pilot with a single-engine rating who is

training for a multiengine rating is not

currently permitted to log PIC time for

that flight time during which the pilot

is the sole occupant of a multiengine

aircraft. The provision to allow a

recreational, private, or commercial

pilot to log PIC time for that flight time

during which the pilot is the sole

occupant of the aircraft, which was

included in § 61.51 before the adoption

of the final rule, was inadvertently

omitted from the final rule language.

This was not the intent of the FAA.

Therefore, the FAA has revised

§ 61.51(e)(1) to permit a recreational,

private, or commercial pilot to log PIC

time for that flight time during which

the pilot is the sole occupant of the

aircraft.

Section 61.56 Flight review. Section

61.56 provides that a person may act as

PIC of an aircraft only if that person has

accomplished a biennial flight review

(BFR). Because § 61.51 now permits

student pilots, under certain

circumstances, to log PIC flight time,

there has been some concern as to

whether the BFR requirement applies to

student pilots. Before the adoption of

the final rule, a student pilot was

required to log solo flight time, rather

than PIC flight time, when that student

pilot was the sole occupant of the

aircraft or when that student pilot was

acting as PIC of an airship requiring

more than one flight crewmember. To

avoid confusion, the FAA has revised

§ 61.56 to except a student pilot from

the BFR requirement if that student

pilot is undergoing training for a

certificate and has a current solo flight

endorsement as required under § 61.87

of this part.

Section 61.63 Additional aircraft

ratings (other than on an airline

transport pilot certificate). In the

corrections to the final rule, the FAA

revised § 61.63(d)(5) to require that the

practical test for an additional type

rating (other than on an ATP certificate)

be performed in actual or simulated

instrument conditions rather than under

instrument flight rules (IFR). Section

61.63(d)(5) provides that if the practical

test is not performed under those

conditions because under the aircraft’s

type certificate the aircraft is incapable

of operating under IFR, the type rating

is issued with a ‘‘VFR only’’ limitation.

That paragraph provides for lifting the

limitation for that aircraft type if the

person subsequently passes the practical

test ‘‘under IFR.’’ The FAA has

determined that this later provision

should be revised in a manner

consistent with the previous correction

to provide that the ‘‘VFR only’’

limitation be lifted for that aircraft type

after the person passes the practical test

‘‘in actual or simulated instrument

conditions.’’

In addition, § 61.63(f)(10) has been

revised to clarify that an applicant for

an additional rating in a helicopter who

meets only the requirements of

§ 61.63(f)(9)(ii) will be issued the

additional rating with a limitation. The

previous rule language referenced

§ 61.63(f)(9), rather than § 61.63(f)(9)(ii),

which was incorrect. Similarly,

§ 61.63(g)(10) has been revised to

reference § 61.63(g)(9)(ii), rather than

§ 61.63(g)(9).

Section 61.109 Aeronautical

experience. Section 61.109(f) has been

revised to clarify when the aeronautical

experience requirements for obtaining a

private pilot certificate with a glider

category rating must be accomplished

with an authorized instructor and when

those requirements must be

accomplished in solo flight. To obtain a

private pilot certificate with a glider

category rating, § 61.109(f) requires an

applicant to accomplish three training

flights in a glider. Unlike the term

‘‘flight training,’’ which is defined in

§ 61.1(b)(6) as training, other than

ground training, received from an

authorized instructor in flight in an

aircraft, the term ‘‘training flight’’ is not

defined. Therefore, the FAA has added

the phrase ‘‘with an authorized

instructor’’ to clarify when training

flights are to be accomplished with an

authorized instructor.

In addition, the FAA has revised

§ 61.109(f)(1) to clarify that the 20

flights and 2 hours of solo flight time in

a glider that are required by paragraphs

(f)(1)(i) and (f)(1)(ii) may be used to

meet the 10 hours of flight time

specified in the introductory language of

paragraph (f)(1). In addition, the three

training flights with an authorized

instructor required in paragraph (f)(1)(i)

may be used to meet the 20 flights also

required in that paragraph.

The introductory paragraph of

§ 61.109(f)(2) also has been revised to

clarify that the 10 solo flights and 3

training flights with an authorized

instructor in a glider required by

paragraphs (f)(2)(i) and (f)(2)(ii) may be

used to meet the 3 hours of flight time

specified in the introductory language of

paragraph (f)(2).

Section 61.109(g)(2) has been revised

to clarify the type of instrument training

required for a private pilot certificate

with an airship rating. As noted in the

correction to the final rule, the
20284 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 78 /Thursday, April 23, 1998 /Rules and Regulations

instrument training for a private pilot

certificate requires training only on

basic maneuvers such as straight and

level flight, constant airspeed climbs

and descents, turns to a heading, and

recovery from unusual flight attitudes,

and need not be provided by an

instructor who holds an instrument

rating on his or her flight instructor

certificate. In addition, there are no

regulations that provide for an airship

category rating with an instrument

rating on a pilot or flight instructor

certificate. Therefore, to avoid any

possible confusion, the rule language

has been revised to specify the required

instrument maneuvers.

The FAA also has revised

§ 61.109(g)(4) to require that an

applicant for a private pilot certificate

with an airship rating must accomplish

5 hours performing the duties of PIC in

an airship with an authorized instructor.

In the final rule, this provision required

an applicant to log 5 hours of solo flight

time with an authorized instructor.

However, solo flight time cannot be

accomplished with an authorized

instructor on board the aircraft;

therefore, the provision should have

stated that the applicant is required to

perform the duties of PIC.

For reasons similar to those

previously discussed in the preamble to

§ 61.109(f), the FAA has revised

§ 61.109(h) to clarify that an applicant

for a private pilot certificate with a

balloon class rating must accomplish

with an authorized instructor the

‘‘training flights’’ and the flight

performing the duties of PIC required in

that paragraph. The FAA notes that the

authorized instructor in that case would

be a commercial pilot with a balloon

class rating.

Section 61.129 Aeronautical

experience. In Notice No. 95–11,

proposed § 61.129(b)(4) would have

required an applicant to accomplish

solo flight time in a multiengine

airplane. During the rulemaking

process, the FAA determined that the

accomplishment of solo flight time in a

multiengine airplane may be

impracticable because of liability and

insurance concerns. Therefore, in the

final rule, the FAA replaced the

requirement that an applicant

accomplish solo flight time in a

multiengine airplane with the

requirement that the flight time required

under § 61.129(b)(4) be acquired while

performing the duties of PIC in a

multiengine airplane with an authorized

instructor. However, in revising this

requirement, the FAA did not consider

the applicant who holds a private pilot

certificate with a multiengine rating

and, therefore, may already have solo

flight time in a multiengine aircraft or

may be able to accomplish solo flight

time without the cost of acquiring the

required flight time with an authorized

instructor. Therefore, the FAA has

revised § 61.129(b)(4) to require an

applicant to accomplish 10 hours of solo

flight in a multiengine airplane or 10

hours of flight time performing the

duties of PIC in a multiengine airplane

with an authorized instructor.

In addition, the FAA has revised

§ 61.129(b)(4) to permit an applicant for

a commercial pilot certificate with a

multiengine rating to credit the 10 hours

of flight time performing the duties of

PIC in a multiengine airplane required

by that paragraph toward the 100 hours

of PIC flight time required under

§ 61.129(b)(2). This revision is

consistent with the provisions of

§ 61.129(b) as proposed in Notice No.

95–11. As previously noted, proposed

§ 61.129(b)(4) would have required an

applicant to accomplish solo flight time

in a multiengine airplane. The solo

flight time would have constituted PIC

flight time; therefore, the applicant

would have been able to credit that

flight time toward the requirements of

§ 61.129(b)(2). However, under

§ 61.129(b)(4) as adopted in the final

rule, an applicant would be performing

the duties of PIC rather than acting as

PIC. Consequently, that flight time does

not constitute PIC flight time. Therefore,

the FAA has revised § 61.129(b)(4) to

permit the crediting of flight time

accomplished under that paragraph

toward the requirements of

§ 61.129(b)(2). However, this revision

does not permit an applicant to log the

flight time required under § 61.129(b)(4)

as PIC flight time under § 61.51(e)

unless the applicant holds a private

pilot certificate with a multiengine

rating and chooses to accomplish the

requirements with an authorized

instructor.

The FAA notes that if an applicant

meets the requirements of § 61.129(b)(4)

by logging 10 hours of solo flight time

in a multiengine airplane (as permitted

in this final rule), that time would

constitute PIC flight time. Therefore, the

applicant may count that flight time

toward the requirements of

§ 61.129(b)(2) and log it as PIC time

under § 61.51(e).

Finally, for the reasons previously

discussed in the preamble to § 61.109,

the FAA has added the phrase ‘‘with an

authorized instructor’’ to § 61.129(f) to

clarify that training flights in a glider are

to be accomplished with an authorized

instructor. In addition, the introductory

text of § 61.129(f)(1) has been revised to

clarify that the 100 flights required by

paragraph (f)(1) may be used to meet 25

hours of flight time as a pilot in a glider

also specified in that paragraph. Section

61.129(h) also has been revised to

clarify that an applicant for a

commercial pilot certificate with a

balloon class rating must accomplish

with an authorized instructor (a

commercial pilot with a balloon class

rating) the ‘‘training flights’’ and flight

performing the duties of PIC required by

that paragraph.

Section 61.157 Flight proficiency.

For the reasons discussed in the

preamble to § 61.63, the FAA has

revised § 61.157(b)(3), which provides

for the addition of an aircraft type rating

to an ATP certificate, to permit the

lifting of the ‘‘VFR only’’ limitation once

the person passes the practical test in

actual or simulated instrument

conditions rather than under IFR.

In addition, the FAA has removed the

requirement in § 61.157(f)(2) that

proficiency and competency checks

used to satisfy the requirements of

§ 61.157 include all maneuvers and

procedures required for the issuance of

a type rating. That requirement was

inconsistent with the waiver provision

of § 61.157(j) and the requirements of

appendix F to part 121. Section

61.157(f)(2) also has been revised to

clarify that those checks must be

conducted by an authorized designated

pilot examiner or FAA aviation safety

inspector. The previous rule language

stated that the checks had to be

evaluated by a ‘‘designated examiner or

FAA inspector.’’

The introductory language of

paragraphs (g), (h), and (i) of § 61.157

has been revised to clarify that the

requirements of those paragraphs must

be met only if a flight simulator or flight

training device is used to meet ‘‘all,’’

rather than ‘‘any,’’ of the training

requirements and the practical test for

an airline transport pilot certificate with

the applicable category, class, and type

rating. The word ‘‘all’’ was

inadvertently changed to the word

‘‘any’’ during the rulemaking process

when the previous provisions of

§§ 61.158(d)(3) and 61.163 were

incorporated into § 61.157(g).

Finally, the FAA has revised

§ 61.157(g)(8) to reference

§ 61.157(g)(7)(ii) rather than

§ 61.157(g)(7). Therefore, § 61.157(g)(8)

provides that an applicant meeting only

the requirements of paragraph (g)(7)(ii)

of that section be issued an additional

rating or an ATP certificate with an

additional rating, as applicable, with a

limitation. Similarly, paragraphs (h)(8)

and (i)(8) have been revised to reference

§§ 61.157(h)(7)(ii) and 61.157(i)(7)(ii),

respectively, rather than §§ 61.157(h)(7)

and 61.157(i)(7).
Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 78 /Thursday, April 23, 1998 /Rules and Regulations 20285

Section 61.197 Renewal of flight

instructor certificates. Section 61.197(a)

permits a person to renew a current

flight instructor certificate by passing a

practical test or by presenting certain

documentation to a FAA Flight

Standards Inspector. A person may

renew a current flight instructor

certificate at any time with one

exception. As adopted in the final rule,

a person may renew a current flight

instructor certificate through

presentation of a graduation certificate

from an approved flight instructor

refresher course (FIRC) only if the FIRC

was completed within the 90 days

preceding the expiration of the current

flight instructor certificate.

The FAA has revised paragraph

(a)(2)(iii) to permit the renewal of a

current flight instructor certificate at

any time by presenting a graduation

certificate demonstrating that the

applicant has successfully completed an

approved FIRC. The FAA notes,

however, that if a flight instructor

renews his or her flight instructor

certificate more than 3 calendar months

before the expiration of that certificate

by presenting a graduation certificate

from an FIRC, that course must have

been completed within the 3 calendar

months preceding the date of

presentation of the graduation certificate

to the Flight Standards Inspector. The

FAA has replaced the ‘‘90 day’’

language with the phrase ‘‘3 calendar

months’’ throughout § 61.197 to

facilitate the calculation of the relevant

time periods. Section 61.197(b)(2) will

provide that if renewal is sought within

the 3 calendar months preceding the

expiration month of the current flight

instructor certificate through the

presentation of an FIRC graduation

certificate, the FIRC must have been

completed within the 3 calendar months

preceding the expiration month of the

certificate.

In addition to the correction

discussed above, the FAA has made

other minor revisions to § 61.197 to

clarify the provisions of that section.

The following discussion is provided to

explain the provisions of § 61.197 as

adopted in this final rule.

Paragraph (a)(1)(i) has been revised to

state that a person may renew a current

flight instructor certificate by passing a

practical test ‘‘for one of the ratings

listed on the current flight instructor

certificate.’’ For example, if a flight

instructor holds a current flight

instructor certificate with single-engine

airplane and multiengine airplane

ratings, that instructor would be

required to pass a practical test for only

one of those ratings to be issued a new

flight instructor certificate with both

ratings. The previous language, which

required the applicant to take a practical

test ‘‘for renewal of the flight instructor

certificate,’’ may have given the

impression that an applicant had to take

a practical test for each of the ratings

listed on the applicant’s flight instructor

certificate. This has never been the

policy of the FAA and it was not the

intention of the FAA to impose such a

requirement when the final rule

language was adopted.

Paragraph (a)(2)(ii) permits a person

to renew their flight instructor

certificate without accomplishing a

practical test by presenting to an

authorized FAA Flight Standards

Inspector a record that shows that

within the preceding 24 calendar

months the flight instructor has served

in a position involving the regular

evaluation of pilots. The FAA offers the

following examples of ‘‘a position

involving the regular evaluation of

pilots.’’ A person who regularly

determines whether pilots may use a

fixed base operator’s aircraft may be in

a position involving the regular

evaluation of pilots. A captain for a

certificate holder operating under part

121 or part 135 may be in a position

involving the regular evaluation of

pilots. These individuals may renew

their flight instructor’s certificate under

paragraph (a)(2)(ii) if the authorized

FAA Flight Standards Inspector is

acquainted with the duties and

responsibilities of the applicant’s

position and the applicant has

satisfactory knowledge of current pilot

training, certification, and standards.

Paragraph (b)(1) has been revised to

state the general rule that a current

flight instructor certificate will be

renewed for an additional 24 months

from the month the person

accomplishes any of the renewal

requirements of paragraph (a). This

provision allows a flight instructor to

renew his or her flight instructor

certificate at any time. The FAA notes

that if renewal is accomplished through

the presentation of a graduation

certificate from an FIRC under

paragraph (a)(2)(iii), the new expiration

date will be calculated from the date the

graduation certificate is presented to the

Flight Standards Inspector rather than

the date the FIRC is completed.

Paragraph (b)(2) allows a person who

accomplishes any of the renewal

requirements of paragraph (a) in the 3

calendar months preceding the

expiration month of the person’s current

flight instructor certificate to renew

their certificate for an additional 24

months from the month of expiration of

the current flight instructor certificate.

However, as previously noted, if

renewal is accomplished under

paragraph (b)(2) through the

presentation of a graduation certificate

from an FIRC, that course must have

been completed within the 3 calendar

months preceding the expiration month

of the current flight instructor

certificate. For example, if a person

whose current flight instructor

certificate expires on May 31, 1998,

seeks to renew his or her certificate

through presentation of a graduation

certificate from an FIRC and obtain a

new expiration date of May 31, 2000,

that person must complete the FIRC and

present the graduation certificate to the

Flight Standards Inspector on or after

February 1, 1998. The 3-calendar-month

window is computed from the first day

of the expiration month rather than the

last day of the expiration month of the

current flight instructor certificate.

Therefore, if a person’s flight instructor

certificate expires on May 31, 1998, the

3-calendar-month window is computed

from May 1, 1998.

Section 61.199 Expired flight

instructor certificates and ratings. The

FAA has revised § 61.199 to clarify that

a flight instructor who holds an expired

flight instructor certificate may

exchange that certificate for a new flight

instructor certificate with the same

ratings by passing a practical test as

required in § 61.183(h) for only one of

the ratings listed on the expired

certificate. Section 61.199 previously

did not require a flight instructor who

held an expired flight instructor

certificate to pass a practical test for

each rating listed on that certificate and

the FAA did not intend to impose such

a requirement when it revised that

section.

Part 141

Section 141.35 Chief instructor

qualifications. The FAA has revised

§ 141.35 to require that a chief instructor

for a course of training leading to the

issuance of a recreational pilot

certificate meet the requirements of

§ 141.35(b). This provision was

inadvertently omitted from the final

rule. Without this revision, those chief

instructors would be required to meet

the more demanding requirements of

§ 141.35(d).

Section 141.36 Assistant chief

instructor qualifications. Section 141.36

has been revised to require that assistant

chief instructors for a course leading to

the issuance of a recreational pilot

certificate meet the requirements of

§ 141.36(b), rather than the more

demanding requirements of § 141.36(d).

Appendix B to Part 141—Private Pilot

Certification Course and Appendix D to

Part 141—Commercial Pilot
20286 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 78 /Thursday, April 23, 1998 /Rules and Regulations

Certification Course. For the reasons

previously discussed in the preamble to

§§ 61.109 and 61.129, paragraph 4(b)(6)

of appendix B to part 141 and paragraph

4(b)(6) of appendix D to part 141 have

been revised to include the phrase

‘‘with a certificated flight instructor’’

when requiring an applicant to

accomplish training flights in a glider.

In addition, paragraph 4(b)(8) of

appendix B has been revised to clarify

that the five flights an applicant for a

private pilot certificate with a balloon

class rating must accomplish are

‘‘training flights.’’ The word ‘‘training’’

was inadvertently omitted from the final

rule.

Good Cause Justification for Immediate

Adoption

This amendment makes minor

revisions to clarify the language in parts

61 and 141 and includes certain

provisions omitted from a previous

rulemaking action. In addition, the

amendment would impose no

additional burden on the public.

Therefore, the FAA finds that notice and

opportunity for public comment before

adopting this amendment are

unnecessary.

Regulatory Evaluation

The FAA has determined that this

regulation imposes no additional

burden on any person. Accordingly, it

has been determined that the action (1)

is not significant under Executive Order

12866 and (2) is not a significant rule

under Department of Transportation

Order 2100.5, Policies and Procedures

for Simplification, Analysis, and Review

of Regulations. No cost impact is

expected to result from this amendment

and, therefore, a full regulatory

evaluation is not required. In addition,

the FAA certifies that the rule will not

have a significant economic impact,

positive or negative, on a substantial

number of small entities under the

criteria of the Regulatory Flexibility Act.

List of Subjects

14 CFR Part 61

Aircraft, Airmen, Aviation safety,

Reporting and recordkeeping

requirements.

14 CFR Part 141

Airmen, Aviation safety, Educational

facilities, Reporting and recordkeeping

requirements, Schools.

The Amendment

In consideration of the foregoing, the

Federal Aviation Administration

amends parts 61 and 141 of Title 14,

Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR

part 61 and part 141) as follows:

PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS,

FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND

INSTRUCTORS

1. The authority citation for part 61

continues to read as follows:

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701–

44703, 44707, 44709–44711, 45102–45103,

45301–45302.

2. Section 61.2 is amended by revising

paragraph (a) and the introductory text

of paragraph (b) to read as follows:

§ 61.2 Certification of foreign pilots, flight

instructors, and ground instructors.

(a) Except as provided for in

paragraph (b) of this section, an airman

certificate issued under this part (other

than under § 61.75) may not be issued

to a person who is not a citizen of the

United States or a resident alien of the

United States unless that person passes

the appropriate practical test within the

United States.

(b) A person who is not a citizen of

the United States or a resident alien of

the United States may be issued an

airman certificate, and the practical test

for that certificate may be administered

outside the United States when—

* * * * *

3. Section 61.31 is amended by

revising the paragraph (h) heading and

the introductory text of paragraph (i)(1)

to read as follows:

§ 61.31 Type rating requirements,

additional training, and authorization

requirements.

* * * * *

(h) Additional aircraft type-specific

training. * * *

* * * * *

(i) Additional training required for

operating tailwheel airplanes. (1) Except

as provided in paragraph (i)(2) of this

section, no person may act as pilot in

command of a tailwheel airplane unless

that person has received and logged

flight training from an authorized

instructor in a tailwheel airplane and

received an endorsement in the person’s

logbook from an authorized instructor

who found the person proficient in the

operation of a tailwheel airplane. The

flight training must include at least the

following maneuvers and procedures:

* * * * *

4. Section 61.35 is amended by

revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as

follows:

§ 61.35 Knowledge test: Prerequisites and

passing grades.

(a) * * *

(1) Received an endorsement, if

required by this part, from an

authorized instructor certifying that the

applicant accomplished the appropriate

ground-training or a home-study course

required by this part for the certificate

or rating sought and is prepared for the

knowledge test; and

* * * * *

5. Section 61.39 is amended by

revising the introductory text of

paragraph (a)(6) to read as follows:

§ 61.39 Prerequisites for practical tests.

(a) * * *

(6) Have an endorsement, if required

by this part, in the applicant’s logbook

or training record that has been signed

by an authorized instructor who

certifies that the applicant—

* * * * *

6. Section 61.45 is amended by

revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

§ 61.45 Practical tests: Required aircraft

and equipment.

* * * * *

(b) Required equipment (other than

controls). (1) Except as provided in

paragraph (b)(2) of this section, an

aircraft used for a practical test must

have—

(i) The equipment for each area of

operation required for the practical test;

(ii) No prescribed operating

limitations that prohibit its use in any

of the areas of operation required for the

practical test;

(iii) Except as provided in paragraph

(e) of this section, at least two pilot

stations with adequate visibility for each

person to operate the aircraft safely; and

(iv) Cockpit and outside visibility

adequate to evaluate the performance of

the applicant when an additional jump

seat is provided for the examiner.

(2) An applicant for a certificate or

rating may use an aircraft with operating

characteristics that preclude the

applicant from performing all of the

tasks required for the practical test.

However, the applicant’s certificate or

rating, as appropriate, will be issued

with an appropriate limitation.

* * * * *

7. Section 61.51 is amended by

revising paragraphs (d) and (e)(1)(i), (ii)

and (e)(4)(i) and by adding paragraph

(e)(1)(iii) to read as follows:

§ 61.51 Pilot logbooks.

* * * * *

(d) Logging of solo flight time. Except

for a student pilot performing the duties

of pilot in command of an airship

requiring more than one pilot flight

crewmember, a pilot may log as solo

flight time only that flight time when

the pilot is the sole occupant of the

aircraft.

(e) * * *

(1) * * *
Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 78 /Thursday, April 23, 1998 /Rules and Regulations 20287

(i) Is the sole manipulator of the

controls of an aircraft for which the

pilot is rated;

(ii) Is the sole occupant of the aircraft;

or

(iii) Except for a recreational pilot, is

acting as pilot in command of an aircraft

on which more than one pilot is

required under the type certification of

the aircraft or the regulations under

which the flight is conducted.

* * * * *

(4) * * *

(i) Is the sole occupant of the aircraft

or is performing the duties of pilot of

command of an airship requiring more

than one pilot flight crewmember;

* * * * *

8. Section 61.56 is amended by

revising the introductory text of

paragraph (c), redesignating paragraph

(g) as paragraph (h), redesignating

paragraph (h) as paragraph (i) and

revising it, and adding paragraph (g) to

read as follows:

§ 61.56 Flight review.

* * * * *

(c) Except as provided in paragraphs

(d), (e), and (g) of this section, no person

may act as pilot in command of an

aircraft unless, since the beginning of

the 24th calendar month before the

month in which that pilot acts as pilot

in command, that person has—

* * * * *

(g) A student pilot need not

accomplish the flight review required by

this section provided the student pilot

is undergoing training for a certificate

and has a current solo flight

endorsement as required under § 61.87

of this part.

* * * * *

(i) A flight simulator or flight training

device may be used to meet the flight

review requirements of this section

subject to the following conditions:

(1) The flight simulator or flight

training device must be used in

accordance with an approved course

conducted by a training center

certificated under part 142 of this

chapter.

(2) Unless the flight review is

undertaken in a flight simulator that is

approved for landings, the applicant

must meet the takeoff and landing

requirements of § 61.57(a) or § 61.57(b)

of this part.

(3) The flight simulator or flight

training device used must represent an

aircraft or set of aircraft for which the

pilot is rated.

9. Section 61.63 is amended by

revising paragraphs (d)(5), (f)(10), and

(g)(10) to read as follows:

§ 61.63 Additional aircraft ratings (other

than on an airline transport pilot certificate).

* * * * *

(d) * * *

(5) Must perform the practical test in

actual or simulated instrument

conditions, unless the aircraft’s type

certificate makes the aircraft incapable

of operating under instrument flight

rules. If the practical test cannot be

accomplished for this reason, the person

may obtain a type rating limited to

‘‘VFR only.’’ The ‘‘VFR only’’ limitation

may be removed for that aircraft type

when the person passes the practical

test in actual or simulated instrument

conditions. When an instrument rating

is issued to a person who holds one or

more type ratings, the type ratings on

the amended pilot certificate shall bear

the ‘‘VFR only’’ limitation for each

aircraft type rating for which the person

has not demonstrated instrument

competency;

* * * * *

(f) * * *

(10) A applicant meeting only the

requirements of paragraph (f)(9)(ii) of

this section will be issued an additional

rating with a limitation.

* * * * *

(g) * * *

(10) An applicant meeting only the

requirements of paragraph (g)(9)(ii) of

this section will be issued an additional

rating with a limitation.

* * * * *

10. Section 61.87 is amended by

revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

§ 61.87 Solo requirements for student

pilots.

(a) General. A student pilot may not

operate an aircraft in solo flight unless

that student has met the requirements of

this section. The term ‘‘solo flight’’ as

used in this subpart means that flight

time during which a student pilot is the

sole occupant of the aircraft or that

flight time during which the student

performs the duties of a pilot in

command of a gas balloon or an airship

requiring more than one pilot flight

crewmember.

* * * * *

11. Section 61.109 is amended by

revising paragraphs (f), (g)(2), (g)(4), the

introductory text of paragraph (h) and

paragraphs (h)(1)(i) and (ii) to read as

follows:

§ 61.109 Aeronautical experience.

* * * * *

(f) For a glider category rating. (1) If

the applicant for a private pilot

certificate with a glider category rating

has not logged at least 40 hours of flight

time as a pilot in a heavier-than-air

aircraft, the applicant must log at least

10 hours of flight time in a glider in the

areas of operation listed in

§ 61.107(b)(6) of this part, and that flight

time must include at least—

(i) 20 flights in a glider in the areas

of operations listed in § 61.107(b)(6) of

this part, including at least 3 training

flights in a glider with an authorized

instructor in preparation for the

practical test that must have been

performed within the 60-day period

preceding the date of the test; and

(ii) 2 hours of solo flight time in a

glider in the areas of operation listed in

§ 61.107(b)(6) of this part, with not less

than 10 launches and landings being

performed.

(2) If the applicant has logged at least

40 hours of flight time in a heavier-thanair aircraft, the applicant must log at

least 3 hours of flight time in a glider

in the areas of operation listed in

§ 61.107(b)(6) of this part, and that flight

time must include at least—

(i) 10 solo flights in a glider in the

areas of operation listed in

§ 61.107(b)(6) of this part; and

(ii) 3 training flights in a glider with

an authorized instructor in preparation

for the practical test that must have been

performed within the 60-day period

preceding the date of the test.

(g) * * *

(2) 3 hours of flight training in an

airship on the control and maneuvering

of an airship solely by reference to

instruments, including straight and

level flight, constant airspeed climbs

and descents, turns to a heading,

recovery from unusual flight attitudes,

radio communications, and the use of

navigation systems/facilities and radar

services appropriate to instrument

flight;

* * * * *

(4) 5 hours performing the duties of

pilot in command in an airship with an

authorized instructor.

(h) For a balloon rating. A person who

applies for a private pilot certificate

with a lighter-than-air category and

balloon class rating must log at least 10

hours of flight training that includes at

least six training flights with an

authorized instructor in the areas of

operation listed in § 61.107(b)(8) of this

part, that includes—

(1) * * *

(i) At least one training flight with an

authorized instructor within 60 days

prior to application for the rating on the

areas of operation for a gas balloon;

(ii) At least one flight performing the

duties of pilot in command in a gas

balloon with an authorized instructor;

and

* * * * *
20288 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 78 /Thursday, April 23, 1998 /Rules and Regulations

12. Section 61.129 is amended by

revising paragraphs (b)(4) introductory

text, (f), (g)(5) introductory text, and

(h)(4) introductory text, (h)(4)(i)(A), (B),

and (h)(4)(ii)(A) to read as follows:

§ 61.129 Aeronautical experience.

* * * * *

(b) * * *

(4) 10 hours of solo flight time in a

multiengine airplane or 10 hours of

flight time performing the duties of pilot

in command in a multiengine airplane

with an authorized instructor (either of

which may be credited towards the

flight time requirement in paragraph

(b)(2) of this section), on the areas of

operation listed in § 61.127(b)(2) of this

part that includes at least—

* * * * *

(f) For a glider rating. A person who

applies for a commercial pilot certificate

with a glider category rating must log at

least—

(1) 25 hours of flight time as a pilot

in a glider and that flight time must

include at least 100 flights in a glider as

pilot in command, including at least—

(i) 3 hours of flight training in a glider

or 10 training flights in a glider with an

authorized instructor on the areas of

operation listed in § 61.127(b)(6) of this

part, including at least 3 training flights

in a glider with an authorized instructor

in preparation for the practical test

within the 60-day period preceding the

date of the test; and

(ii) 2 hours of solo flight that include

not less than 10 solo flights in a glider

on the areas of operation listed in

§ 61.127(b)(6) of this part; or

(2) 200 hours of flight time as a pilot

in heavier-than-air aircraft and at least

20 flights in a glider as pilot in

command, including at least—

(i) 3 hours of flight training in a glider

or 10 training flights in a glider with an

authorized instructor on the areas of

operation listed in § 61.127(b)(6) of this

part including at least 3 training flights

in a glider with an authorized instructor

in preparation for the practical test

within the 60-day period preceding the

date of the test; and

(ii) 5 solo flights in a glider on the

areas of operation listed in

§ 61.127(b)(6) of this part.

(g) * * *

(5) 10 hours of flight training

performing the duties of pilot in

command with an authorized instructor

on the areas of operation listed in

§ 61.127(b)(7) of this part, which

includes at least—

* * * * *

(h) * * *

(4) 10 hours of flight training that

includes at least 10 training flights with

an authorized instructor in balloons on

the areas of operation listed in

§ 61.127(b)(8) of this part, which

consists of at least—

(i) * * *

(A) 2 training flights of 2 hours each

with an authorized instructor in a gas

balloon on the areas of operation

appropriate to a gas balloon within 60

days prior to application for the rating;

(B) 2 flights performing the duties of

pilot in command in a gas balloon with

an authorized instructor on the

appropriate areas of operation; and

* * * * *

(ii) * * *

(A) 2 training flights of 1 hour each

with an authorized instructor in a

balloon with an airborne heater on the

areas of operation appropriate to a

balloon with an airborne heater within

60 days prior to application for the

rating;

* * * * *

13. Section 61.157 is amended by

revising paragraphs (b)(3), (f)(2), (g)

introductory text, (g)(8), (h) introductory

text, (i) introductory text, and (i)(8) to

read as follows:

§ 61.157 Flight proficiency.

* * * * *

(b) * * *

(3) Must perform the practical test in

actual or simulated instrument

conditions, unless the aircraft’s type

certificate makes the aircraft incapable

of operating under instrument flight

rules. If the practical test cannot be

accomplished for this reason, the person

may obtain a type rating limited to

‘‘VFR only.’’ The ‘‘VFR only’’ limitation

may be removed for that aircraft type

when the person passes the practical

test in actual or simulated instrument

conditions.

* * * * *

(f) * * *

(2) The checks specified in paragraph

(f)(1) of this section must be conducted

by an authorized designated pilot

examiner or FAA aviation safety

inspector.

(g) Use of a flight simulator or flight

training device for an airplane rating. If

a flight simulator or flight training

device is used for accomplishing all of

the training and the required practical

test for an airplane transport pilot

certificate with an airplane category,

class, and type rating, if applicable, the

applicant, flight simulator, and flight

training device are subject to the

following requirements:

* * * * *

(8) An applicant meeting only the

requirements of paragraph (g)(7)(ii) of

this section will be issued an additional

rating or an airline transport pilot

certificate with an additional rating, as

applicable, with a limitation. The

limitation shall state: ‘‘This certificate is

subject to pilot-in-command limitations

for the additional rating.’’

* * * * *

(h) Use of a flight simulator or flight

training device for a helicopter rating. If

a flight simulator or flight training

device is used for accomplishing all of

the training and the required practical

test for an airline transport pilot

certificate with a helicopter class rating

and type rating, if applicable, the

applicant, flight simulator, and flight

training device are subject to the

following requirements:

* * * * *

(8) An applicant meeting only the

requirements of paragraph (h)(7)(ii) of

this section will be issued an additional

rating or an airline transport pilot

certificate with an additional rating, as

applicable, with a limitation. The

limitation shall state: ‘‘This certificate is

subject to pilot-in-command limitations

for the additional rating.’’

* * * * *

(i) Use of a flight simulator or flight

training device for a powered-lift rating.

If a flight simulator or flight training

device is used for accomplishing all of

the training and the required practical

test for an airline transport pilot

certificate with a powered-lift category

rating and type rating, if applicable, the

applicant, flight simulator, and flight

training device are subject to the

following requirements:

* * * * *

(8) An applicant meeting only the

requirements of paragraph (i)(7)(ii) of

this section will be issued an additional

rating or an airline transport pilot

certificate with an additional rating, as

applicable, with a limitation. The

limitation shall state: ‘‘This certificate is

subject to pilot-in-command limitations

for the additional rating.’’

* * * * *

14. Section 61.159 is amended by

revising the introductory text of

paragraph (a)(4) to read as follows:

§ 61.159 Aeronautical experience: Airplane

category rating.

(a) * * *

(4) 250 hours of flight time in an

airplane as a pilot in command, or as

second in command performing the

duties of pilot in command while under

the supervision of a pilot in command,

or any combination thereof, which

includes at least—

* * * * *
Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 78 /Thursday, April 23, 1998 /Rules and Regulations 20289

15. Section 61.161 is amended by

revising paragraphs (a)(3) and (a)(4) to

read as follows:

§ 61.161 Aeronautical experience:

Rotorcraft category and helicopter class

rating.

(a) * * *

(3) 200 hours of flight time in

helicopters, which includes at least 75

hours as a pilot in command, or as

second in command performing the

duties of a pilot in command under the

supervision of a pilot in command, or

any combination thereof; and

(4) 75 hours of instrument flight time

in actual or simulated instrument

meteorological conditions, of which at

least 50 hours are obtained in flight with

at least 25 hours in helicopters as a pilot

in command, or as second in command

performing the duties of a pilot in

command under the supervision of a

pilot in command, or any combination

thereof.

* * * * *

16. Section 61.163 is amended by

revising the introductory text of

paragraph (a)(3) to read as follows:

§ 61.163 Aeronautical experience:

Powered-lift category rating.

(a) * * *

(3) 250 hours in a powered-lift as a

pilot in command, or as a second in

command performing the duties of a

pilot in command under the supervision

of a pilot in command, or any

combination thereof, which includes at

least—

* * * * *

17. Section 61.197 is revised to read

as follows:

§ 61.197 Renewal of flight instructor

certificates.

(a) A person who holds a flight

instructor certificate that has not

expired may renew that certificate by—

(1) Passing a practical test for—

(i) One of the ratings listed on the

current flight instructor certificate; or

(ii) An additional flight instructor

rating; or

(2) Presenting to an authorized FAA

Flight Standards Inspector—

(i) A record of training students

showing that, during the preceding 24

calendar months, the flight instructor

has endorsed at least five students for a

practical test for a certificate or rating

and at least 80 percent of those students

passed that test on the first attempt;

(ii) A record showing that, within the

preceding 24 calendar months, the flight

instructor has served as a company

check pilot, chief flight instructor,

company check airman, or flight

instructor in a part 121 or part 135

operation, or in a position involving the

regular evaluation of pilots; or

(iii) A graduation certificate showing

that, within the preceding 3 calendar

months, the person has successfully

completed an approved flight instructor

refresher course consisting of ground

training or flight training, or a

combination of both.

(b) The expiration month of a

renewed flight instructor certificate

shall be 24 calendar months from—

(1) The month the renewal

requirements of paragraph (a) of this

section are accomplished; or

(2) The month of expiration of the

current flight instructor certificate

provided—

(i) The renewal requirements of

paragraph (a) of this section are

accomplished within the 3 calendar

months preceding the expiration month

of the current flight instructor

certificate, and

(ii) If the renewal is accomplished

under paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this

section, the approved flight instructor

refresher course must be completed

within the 3 calendar months preceding

the expiration month of the current

flight instructor certificate.

(c) The practical test required by

paragraph (a)(1) of this section may be

accomplished in a flight simulator or

flight training device if the test is

accomplished pursuant to an approved

course conducted by a training center

certificated under part 142 of this

chapter.

18. Section 61.199 is amended by

revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

§ 61.199 Expired flight instructor

certificates and ratings.

(a) Flight instructor certificates. The

holder of an expired flight instructor

certificate may exchange that certificate

for a new certificate with the same

ratings by passing a practical test as

prescribed in § 61.183(h) of this part for

one of the ratings listed on the expired

flight instructor certificate.

* * * * *

PART 141—PILOT SCHOOLS

19. The authority citation for part 141

continues to read as follows:

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701–

44703, 44707, 44709, 44711, 45102–45103,

45301–45302.

20. Section 141.35 is amended by

revising the introductory text of

paragraphs (b) and (d) to read as

follows:

§ 141.35 Chief instructor qualifications.

* * * * *

(b) For a course of training leading to

the issuance of a recreational or private

pilot certificate or rating, a chief

instructor must have:

* * * * *

(d) For a course of training other than

one leading to the issuance of a

recreational or private pilot certificate or

rating, or an instrument rating or a

rating with instrument privileges, a

chief instructor must have:

* * * * *

21. Section 141.36 is amended by

revising the introductory text of

paragraphs (b) and (d) to read as

follows:

§ 141.36 Assistant chief instructor

qualifications.

* * * * *

(b) For a course of training leading to

the issuance of a recreational or private

pilot certificate or rating, an assistant

chief instructor must have:

* * * * *

(d) For a course of training other than

one leading to the issuance of a

recreational or private pilot certificate or

rating, or an instrument rating or a

rating with instrument privileges, an

assistant chief instructor must have:

* * * * *

22. Appendix B to part 141 is

amended by revising paragraphs (b)(6)

(i) and (ii) and the introductory text of

paragraph (b)(8) of section No. 4 and

paragraphs (b) introductory text, (g), and

(h) of section No. 5 to read as follows:

Appendix B to Part 141—Private Pilot

Certification Course

* * * * *

4. * * *

(b) * * *

(6) * * *

(i) Five training flights in a glider with a

certificated flight instructor on the launch/

tow procedures approved for the course and

on the appropriate approved areas of

operation listed in paragraph (d)(6) of this

section; and

(ii) Three training flights in a glider with

a certificated flight instructor in preparation

for the practical test within 60 days

preceding the date of the test.

* * * * *

(8) For a lighter-than-air balloon course: 8

hours of flight training, including at least five

training flights, from a commercial pilot with

a balloon rating on the approved areas of

operation in paragraph (d)(8) of this section,

that includes—

* * * * *

5. * * *

(b) For an airplane multiengine course: 5

hours of flight training in a multiengine

airplane performing the duties of a pilot in

command while under the supervision of a

certificated flight instructor. The training

must consist of the approved areas of

operation in paragraph (d)(2) of section No.

4 of this appendix, and include at least—

* * * * *
20290 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 78 /Thursday, April 23, 1998 /Rules and Regulations

(g) For a lighter-than-air airship course: 5

hours of flight training in an airship

performing the duties of pilot in command

while under the supervision of a commercial

pilot with an airship rating. The training

must consist of the approved areas of

operation in paragraph (d)(7) of section No.

4 of this appendix.

(h) For a lighter-than-air balloon course:

Two solo flights in a balloon with an airborne

heater if the course involves a balloon with

an airborne heater or, if the course involves

a gas balloon, at least two flights in a gas

balloon performing the duties of pilot in

command while under the supervision of a

commercial pilot with a balloon rating. The

training must consist of the approved areas

of operation in paragraph (d)(8) of section

No. 4 of this appendix, in the kind of balloon

for which the course applies.

* * * * *

23. Appendix D to part 141 is

amended by revising paragraphs (b)(6)(i)

and (ii) of section No. 4 and paragraphs

(b) introductory text, and (g)

introductory text of section No. 5 to read

as follows:

Appendix D to Part 141—Commercial

Pilot Certification Course

* * * * *

4. * * *

(b) * * *

(6) * * *

(i) Five training flights in a glider with a

certificated flight instructor on the launch/

tow procedures approved for the course and

on the appropriate approved areas of

operation listed in paragraph (d)(6) of this

section; and

(ii) Three training flights in a glider with

a certificated flight instructor in preparation

for the practical test within 60 days

preceding the date of the test.

* * * * *

5. * * *

(b) For an airplane multiengine course: 10

hours of flight training in a multiengine

airplane performing the duties of pilot in

command while under the supervision of a

certificated flight instructor. The training

must consist of the approved areas of

operation in paragraph (d)(2) of section No.

4 of this appendix, and include at least—

* * * * *

(g) For a lighter-than-air airship course: 10

hours of flight training in an airship

performing the duties of pilot in command

while under the supervision of a commercial

pilot with an airship rating. The training

must consist of the approved areas of

operation in paragraph (d)(7) of section No.

4 of this appendix and include at least—

* * * * *

Issued in Washington, D.C., on April 20,

1998.

Jane F. Garvey,

Administrator.

[FR Doc. 98–10793 Filed 4–22–98; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4910–13–P