# Redesignation Demonstration
and
Maintenance Plan

for
The Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC

1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area

Prepared by North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Air Quality

November 2, 2011(This page intentionally left blank)Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock H ill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area i Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 

### Preface: This document contains the technical s upport for North Carolina’s Division of Air Quality to request the Charlo tte-Gastonia-Rock Hill 1997 8-hour ozone nonattainment area be redesignated as attainment for the 1997 8-hour ozone national ambient air quality standard pursuant to §§107(d)(3)(D) and (E) of the Clean Air Act, as amended.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area ii Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 

## EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction Ozone is formed by a complex set of chemical reactions involving vol atile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and to a lesse r extent carbon monoxide. These gases are generated by utilities, combustion processes, certain industrial proce sses and even by natural sources such as trees. Tailpip e emissions from mobile sources (vehicles) are also significant sources of these pollutants. Even the emissions fr om such sources as boat engines, lawn mowers and construction equipment contribute to the form ation of ozone. Ozone formation is promoted by strong sunlight, warm temperatures and light winds and is hence a problem predominantly during the hot summer months.

The 1997 8-hour ozone national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) is 0.08 parts per million (ppm). An exceedance of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS occurs when a monitor measures ozone above 0.084 ppm on average for an eight-hour period. A violation of this NAAQS occurs when the average of the annual fourth highest daily maximum 8-hour ozone values over three consecutive years is greater than or equal to 0.085 ppm. This th ree-year average is termed the “design value” for the monitor. The design value for a nonattainmen t area is the highest monitor design value in the area.

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill Nonattainment Designation The area surrounding Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, North Carolina-South Carolina, called the Metrolina area, was designate d nonattainment for the 1997 8- hour ozone NAAQS on April 30, 2004 (69 Federal Register 23858). The Metrol ina nonattainment area includes the North Carolina counties of Cabarrus, Gaston, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Rowan and Union; Coddle Creek and Davidson Townships in Iredell County, Nort h Carolina; and the Rock Hill Metropolitan Planning Organization boundary in York C ounty, South Carolina. The nonattainment designation was an action taken by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) under Section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act (CAA). The CAA requires that some area be designated as nonattainment if a monitor is found to be in violation of a NAAQS. The USEPA took designation action in 2004 based on the ambient data from 2001- 2003. At that time, the design value for the Metrolina area was 0.100 ppm.

Current Air Quality There are currently seven ozone monitors located throughout th e Metrolina nonattainment area and one monitor located in York County, South Caro lina, just outside of the nonattainment area. The latest design value for th e nonattainment area is 0.082 ppm based on the data from 2008-Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area iii Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 2010, and is therefore in attainme nt of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS, and the area is eligible to be considered for redesignation to attainment.

Maintenance Plan Requirements

The State of North Carolina has implemented permanent and enforceable reductions in ozone precursor emissions in the North Carolina portion of the Metrolina nonattainment area. These actions include implementing the on-board diag nostic vehicle inspection and maintenance program that began on July 1, 2002, and an ope n burning ban during ozon e action days. In addition, there have been several State rules that have resulted in reductions in emissions within and surrounding the nonattainment area. These State actions include the NOx SIP Call, the Clean Smokestacks Act legislati on, and heavy-duty engine stop -gap rule for model years 2005 and 2006. Finally, several actions at the Federal level by the US EPA have resulted in lower emissions throughout the eastern por tion of the country. These Fede ral actions include the Tier 2 engine standards for light and medium duty vehicl es, heavy-duty engine sta ndards, the low sulfur gasoline and diesel requirements, and off-road engine standards.

This combination of State and Federal actions have resulted in cleaner ai r in the Metrolina area, and the anticipated future benefits from these programs are expected to result in continued maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS in this region. A baseline year emissions inventory for NOx and VOC’s was developed fo r 2010, since the design value for the 2008-2010 period showed attainment of the 1997 8-hour ozon e NAAQS. Future year emissions inventories were also developed for the interim years 2013, 2016, 2019, and a final year emission inventory was developed for 2022. The future year emission s were lower than the 2010 emissions in all cases. This demonstrates that the Metrolina area is expected to maintain the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS through 2022, since in no future year are the emissions expected to be greater than they were in the baseline year. The area is al so in compliance with Section 110 and Part D requirements of the CAA.

Conclusion and Request for Redesignation
Based on the information above and criteria esta blished in Section 107(d )(3)(E) of the CAA, North Carolina is requesting that the USEPA redesignate the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill nonattainment area to attainment. The monitoring data clearly shows that the region has attained the 1997 8-hour ozone standard, and the mainte nance demonstration shows that the future emission inventories are expected to be lower than the attain ment year inventory through the implementation of the various cont rol measures discussed above.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area iv Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ ii
1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. ...... 1 1.1 WHAT IS TROPOSPHERIC OZONE? .............................................................................. 1 1.2 CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1990 ................................................................................................ 1 1.3 CHARLOTTE-GASTONIA-ROCK HI LL AIR QUALITY HISTORY ............................ 1 1.4 CLEAN AIR ACT REDESIGNATION CRITERIA ........................................................... 3 2.0 AIR QUALITY ............................................................................................................... .......... 4 2.1 HISTORIC AIR QUALITY (2001 – 2007) ......................................................................... 4 2.2 RECENT AIR QUALITY VALUES (2008 –2010) ............................................................ 6 2.3 PERMANENT AND ENFORCEABLE EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS ............................. 7
3.0 MAINTENANCE PLAN ........................................................................................................ 1 4 3.1 CONCEPT OF NORTH CAROLI NA'S MAINTENANCE PLAN .................................. 14 3.2 FOUNDATION CONTROL PROGRAM ......................................................................... 15 3.2.1 Federal Control Measures ........................................................................................... 15 3.2.2 State Control Measures ................................................................................................ 1 8 3.2.3 Additional Programs Supporting Maintenance ........................................................... 22 3.3 EMISSIONS INVENTORIES AND MA INTENANCE DEMONSTRATION ............... 24 3.3.1 Theory of Approach .................................................................................................... 24 3.3.2 Emission Inventories ................................................................................................... 25 3.3.3 Summary of Emissions ............................................................................................... 29 3.3.4 Maintenance Demonstration ....................................................................................... 30 3.4 CONTINGENCY PLAN ................................................................................................... 32 3.4.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... ...... 32 3.4.2 Primary and Secondary Triggers ................................................................................ 33 3.4.3 Action Resulting From Trigger Activation ................................................................. 33 3.4.4 Tracking Program for Ongoing Maintenance ............................................................. 34
4.0 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS BUDGET FOR CONFORMITY .................................... 35 4.1 TRANSPORTATION CONFORMITY ............................................................................ 35 4.2 SAFETY MARGIN ........................................................................................................... 35 4.3 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION BUDGETS .................................................................... 36
5.0 STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN APPROVAL .............................................................. 40 5.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 40 5.2 EVIDENCE OF COMPLIANCE ...................................................................................... 40
6.0 STATE COMPLIANCE WITH C LEAN AIR ACT RE QUIREMENTS............................... 43
7.0 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................ ....... 44Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock H ill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area v Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A: CORRESPONDENCE AND GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS APPENDIX B.1: POINT SOURCE INVENTORY DOCUMENTATION APPENDIX B.2: AREA SOURCE INVENTORY DOCUMENTATION APPENDIX B.3: ON-ROAD MOBILE SO URCE INVENTORY DOCUMENTATION APPENDIX B.4: NONROAD MOBILE SO URCE INVENTORY DOCUMENTATION APPENDIX C: HEARING REPORT, COMMENTS RECEIVED AND RESPONSESCharlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area vi Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 LIST OF ACRONYMS

Acronym Definition oF Degrees Fahrenheit CAA Clean Air Act CERR Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule CFR Code of Federal Regulations CO Carbon Monoxide E-GAS 5.0 Economic Growth Analysis System version 5.0 FR Federal Register HC Hydrocarbons I/M Inspection and Maintenance MVEB Motor Vehicle Emission Budget NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard NCDAQ North Carolina Division of Air Quality NCDENR North Carolina Depart ment of Natural Resources NCDOT North Carolina Department of Transportation NOx Nitrogen Oxides PM Particulate Matter ppm Parts per million QA Quality Assure SIP State Implementation Plan SUV Sports Utility Vehicle TIP Transportation Improvement Program USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled VOC Volatile Organic CompoundsCharlotte-Gastonia-Rock H ill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 1 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 

### 1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 WHAT IS TROPOSPHERIC OZONE?
Ozone, a strong chemical oxidant, adversely impacts human health through effects on respiratory function and can also damage forests and crops. Ozone is not emitted directly by the utilities, industrial sources or motor vehicles but inst ead, is formed in the lower atmosphere, the troposphere, by a complex series of chemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides (NOx), resulting from the utilities, combustion proce sses and motor vehicles, and reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs include many industrial solvents, toluene, xylene and hexane as well as the various hydrocarbons (HC) th at are evaporated from the gasoline used by motor vehicles or emitted through th e tailpipe following combustion.

Ozone formation is promoted by strong sunlight , warm temperatures, and light winds. High concentrations tend to be a problem in the eas tern United States only during the hot summer months when these conditions frequently occur. Therefore, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) mandates seas onal monitoring of ambient oz one concentrations in North Carolina from April 1 through October 31 (40 CFR 58 App. D, 2.5).

In 1997, the USEPA revised the primary (health) and secondary (welfare ) national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for ozone by establis hing 1997 8-hour standards. An exceedance of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS occurs when a m onitor measures ozone above 0.084 parts per million (ppm) on average for an eight-hour period. A violation of this NAAQS occurs when the average of the annual fourth hi ghest daily maximum 8-hour ozone values over three consecutive years is greater than or equal to 0.085 ppm. This three-year aver age is termed the “design value” for the monitor. The design value for a nonattai nment area is the highest monitor’s design value in the area.

1.2 CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1990

Since the 1977 amendments to the Clean Air Ac t (CAA), areas of the country that had not attained the ambient standard for a particul ar pollutant were formally designated as nonattainment for that pollutant. This formal designation concept was retained in the 1990 CAA Amendments.

1.3 CHARLOTTE-GASTONIA-ROCK HILL AIR QUALITY HISTORY
On April 15, 2004, the USEPA designated the Char lotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, North CarolinaSouth Carolina area (referred to as the Metrolina ar ea) as “moderate” nonattainment for the 1997Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock H ill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 2 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 8-hour ozone standard (Figure 1- 1) based on the ambient data fr om 2001-2003. At that time, the design value for the Metrolina area was 0.100 ppm. The Metrolina nonattainment area includes the North Carolina counties of Cabarrus, Gaston, Lincoln, Mecklenbur g, Rowan and Union; Coddle Creek and Davidson Townships in Iredell County, North Carolina; and the Rock Hill Metropolitan Planning Organizatio n boundary in York County, South Carolina. The official designation and classification was published in the Federal Regist er (FR) on April 30, 2004 (69 FR 23858). The designation became effective on June 15, 2004. Prior to the implementation of the 1997 8-hour ozone standard, Gaston and Me cklenburg Counties had been maintenance for the 1-hour ozone standard.

Figure 1-1. USEPA Designated 1997 8-hour Ozone Nonattainment Areas in North Carolina

There are currently seven ozone monitors located throughout th e Metrolina nonattainment area and one monitor located in York County, South Caro lina, just outside of the nonattainment area. The North Carolina Division of Air Quality (N CDAQ) operates four of the monitors in the Metrolina area, the Mecklenburg County Air Qualit y (MCAQ) operates three of the monitors in the Mecklenburg County, and South Carolina Depart ment of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) operates the York County monitor.Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock H ill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 3 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 In 2009, all but one monitor, Count y Line located in Mecklenburg County, came into attainment of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS. With the comp letion of the 2010 ozone season, this monitor attained the standard as well. The 2008-2010 design value for Me trolina nonattainment area is 0.082 ppm.

1.4 CLEAN AIR ACT RE DESIGNATION CRITERIA
Section 107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA, as amended, states an area can be redesignated to attainment if the following conditions are met:

1. The USEPA has determined that the NAAQS ha ve been attained. For ozone, the areas must show that the average of the fourth highest 8-hour ozone values from three (3) complete, consecutive calendar years of quality-assured air quality monitoring data must be below 0.085 ppm.

2. The applicable implementation plan has b een fully approved by the USEPA under section 110(k).

3. The USEPA has determined that the improvement in air quality is due to permanent and enforceable reductions in emissions. To de monstrate this, the State should estimate the percent reduction (from the y ear used to determine the de sign value for designation and classification) achieved from Fede ral, State, and local measures.

4. The State has met all applicable requirements for the area under section 110 and Part D.

5. The USEPA has fully approved a maintenance pl an, including a contingency plan, for the areas under section 175A.

In the sections to follow, the NCDAQ will provide the technical data necessary to show that the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill nonattainment area ha s attained and is expected to maintain the 1997 8-hour ozone standard, and has met the requi rements for redesignation set forth above. This document discusses the North Carolina por tion of the nonattainment area. The SCDHEC have developed a maintenance plan for the S outh Carolina portion of the nonattainment area which is available upon request.Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock H ill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 4 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 

### 2.0 AIR QUALITY
2.1 HISTORIC AIR QUALITY (2001 – 2007)
The NCDAQ and MCAQ have collected ambient m onitoring data for the Metrolina area since the late seventies. At the time of the 1997 8- hour ozone designations, there were seven ozone monitors throughout the Me trolina nonattainment area and on e monitor located in York County, South Carolina just outside of the nonattainment area (Figure 2-1). These monitors were installed in accordance w ith the Code of Federal Re gulations (CFR) 40 CFR 58.

Figure 2-1. Ozone Monitor Locations in the Metrolina Nonattainment Area

Tables 2-1 and 2-2 below show the air quality data and co rresponding design values for the monitors in the Metrolina region, respectively, from 2001 to 2009. As you can see from Table 2-2, most of the monitors near and downw ind of Charlotte were in violation of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS for much of this period.Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock H ill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 5 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 Table 2-1 Metrolina Area’s Historic 4 th Highest 8-hour Ozone Values (2001-2009)
Monitor 4 t h Highest 8-hour Ozone Values (ppm) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Crouse AIRS ID #37-109-0004 Lincoln County 0.094 0.095 0.089 0.074 0.082 0.082 0.085 0.079 0.065

Garinger AIRS ID #37-119-0041 Mecklenburg County 0.099 0.103 0.086 0.085 0.088 0.091 0.093 0.085 0.069

Arrowood AIRS ID #37-119-1005 Mecklenburg County 0.086 0.094 0.073 0.077 0.085 0.078 0.087 0.073 0.068

County Line AIRS ID #37-119-1009 Mecklenburg County 0.099 0.107 0.088 0.083 0.090 0.093 0.096 0.093 0.071

Rockwell AIRS ID #37-159-0021 Rowan County 0.097 0.106 0.098 0.080 0.086 0.085 0.096 0.084 0.071

Enochville AIRS ID #37-159-0022 Rowan County 0.103 0.108 0.087 0.080 0.088 0.089 0.095 0.082 0.073

Monroe AIRS ID #37-179-0003 Union County 0.081 0.100 0.083 0.074 0.082 0.080 0.082 0.080 0.067

York AIRS ID #45-091-0006 York County 0.080 0.096 0.076 0.071 0.079 0.078 0.080 0.075 0.062Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock H ill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 6 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 Table 2-2 Metrolina Area’s Histor ic Design Values (2001 - 2009)
Monitor Design Value (ppm) 01-03 02-04 03-05 04-06 05-07 06-08 07-09 Crouse AIRS ID #37-109-0004 Lincoln County 0.092 0.086 0.081 0.079 0.083 0.082 0.076

Garinger AIRS ID #37-119-0041 Mecklenburg County 0.096 0.091 0.086 0.088 0.090 0.089 0.082

Arrowood AIRS ID #37-119-1005 Mecklenburg County 0.084 0.081 0.078 0.080 0.083 0.079 0.076

County Line AIRS ID #37-119-1009 Mecklenburg County 0.098 0.092 0.087 0.088 0.093 0.094 0.086

Rockwell AIRS ID #37-159-0021 Rowan County 0.100 0.094 0.088 0.083 0.089 0.088 0.083

Enochville AIRS ID #37-159-0022 Rowan County 0.099 0.091 0.085 0.085 0.090 0.088 0.083

Monroe AIRS ID #37-179-0003 Union County 0.088 0.085 0.079 0.078 0.081 0.080 0.076

York AIRS ID #45-091-0006 York County 0.084 0.081 0.075 0.076 0.079 0.077 0.072
Note: Bolded values represent violat ions of the 1997 8-hour ozone standard.

2.2 RECENT AIR QUALITY VALUES (2008 –2010)
The most recent three years of ozone monitoring data (2008-2 010) for the Charlotte-GastoniaRock Hill nonattainment area demonstrate compliance with the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS. Table 2-3 is a summary of the f ourth highest 8-hour average ozone concentration at the monitors in the Metrolina region for 2008- 2010 and the design value.Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock H ill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 7 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 Table 2-3 Metrolina Area’s Curren t Air Quality Data (2008 -2010) Monitor Year 4 t h Highest 8-hour ozone values (ppm) Design Value (ppm) 2008-2010 Crouse AIRS ID #37-109-0004 Lincoln County 2008 0.079 0.072 2009 0.065 2010 0.072 Garinger AIRS ID #37-119-0041 Mecklenburg County 2008 0.085 0.078 2009 0.069 2010 0.082
Arrowood AIRS ID #37-119-1005 Mecklenburg County 2008 0.073 0.073 2009 0.068 2010 0.078 County Line AIRS ID #37-119-1009 Mecklenburg County 2008 0.093 0.082 2009 0.071 2010 0.082
Rockwell AIRS ID #37-159-0021 Rowan County 2008 0.084 0.077 2009 0.071 2010 0.077
Enochville AIRS ID #37-159-0022 Rowan County 2008 0.082 0.077 2009 0.073 2010 0.078 Monroe AIRS ID #37-179-0003 Union County 2008 0.080 0.072 2009 0.067 2010 0.071
York AIRS ID #45-091-0006 York County 2008 0.075 0.067 2009 0.062 2010 0.066

The 2010 8-hour ozone monitoring data for the Meto rlina area has been fully quality assured and was officially submitted to the USEPA in March 2011.

2.3 PERMANENT AND ENFORCEAB LE EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS

There are several State and Federa l measures that have been en acted in recent years that are resulting in permanent and enforceable emission s reductions. A list of those measures that contributed to the permanent and enforceable em ission reductions are listed below and are more fully described in Section 3.2.Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock H ill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 8 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 The federal measures that have been implemented include:

• Tier 2 vehicle standards: Began implem entation in 2004 and requires all passenger vehicles in the manufactures fleet to meet an average standard of 0.07 grams of NOx per mile. Additionally, in January 2006 the sulfur content of gasoline was required to be on average 30 ppm which assists in lowe ring the NOx emissions. Most gasoline sold in North Carolina prior to January 2006 had a sulfur content of about 300 ppm. These emission reductions are federally enforceable.

• Heavy-duty gasoline and diesel highway vehicle standards: Began to take effect in 2004 and is designed to reduce NOx and VOC emissions. These emission reductions are federally enforceable.

• Nonroad spark-ignition engines and recreati onal engines standards: Tier 1 of this standard was implemented in 2004 and Tier 2 started in 2007. These standards reduce NOx, HC and carbon monoxide emissi ons. These emission reductions are federally enforceable.

• Large nonroad diesel engine standards: Prom ulgated in 2004, this rule is being phased in between 2008 through 2014. This rule will also reduce the sulf ur content in the nonroad diesel fuel. When fully implemented, this rule will reduce NOx, VOC, particulate matter and carbon monoxide. These emission reductions are federally enforceable.

The state measures that have been implemented include:

• Clean Air Bill: This State legislation expanded the inspection and maintenance (I/M) program from 9 counties to 48. It was pha sed-in in the Metrolina nonattainment area from July 1, 2002 through January 1, 2004. This program reduces NOx, VOC and carbon monoxide emissions. The rule for the I/M program was submitted to the USEPA for adoption into the SIP in A ugust 2002 and was federally approved in October 2002. Therefore, these emission reductions are both state and federally enforceable.

• Open burning ban: This re gulation prohibits open burni ng of man-made materials throughout the State. Additionally, this re gulation prohibits open burning of yard waste in areas that the NCDAQ forecasts air quality action days. The open burning regulation reduces NOx and VOC emissions, as well as CO and fine particulateCharlotte-Gastonia-Rock H ill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 9 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 matter. This rule was submitted to the USEPA for adoption into the SIP in March 2006, however, the USEPA has not yet approved the adoption of this rule into the SIP. These emission reductions are curre ntly state enforceable, however, once the USEPA has federally approved the rule into the SIP, these emission reductions will be federally enforceable as well.

• NOx State Implementation Plan (SIP) Call ru le: This rule was predicted to reduce summertime NOx emissions from power plants and other industries by 68%. These emission reductions are state a nd federally enforceable.

• Clean Smokestacks Act: This State law requi res coal-fired power plants to reduce annual NOx emissions by 77% by 2009 and to reduce annual sulfur dioxide emissions by 49% by 2009 and 73% by 2013. This law set a NOx emissions cap of 56,000 tons/year for 2009 and sulfur dioxide emissions caps of 250,000 tons/year and 130,000 tons/year for 2009 and 2013, respectivel y. The public utilities cannot meet these emission caps by purchasing emission credits. In 2009, the power plants subject to this law had combined NOx emissions of 37,691 tons/year, well below the 56,000 tons/year cap. This law was submitted to the USEPA for adoption into the SIP in August 2009, however, the USEPA has not yet approved it into the SIP. These emission reductions are currently state enforceable, however, once the USEPA has federally approved the law into the SIP, these emission reductions will be federally enforceable as well.

• Diesel Retrofits: As part of the Nort h Carolina Mobile Source Emission Reduction Grants program, a number of cities, counties and school dist ricts have installed Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOCs) or Diesel Pa rticulate Filters (DPFs) on their diesel equipment. The vehicles that have been retrofitted include schools buses, as well as county fleet trucks for solid waste pickup. These types of filters are designed to remove particulate matter, and when used w ith ultra low sulfur diesel fuel, NOx and VOC emissions are also reduced. Even though these emission reductions are voluntary and not enforceable, they are st ill considered permanent reductions.

• Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA): DERA provides new diesel emissions reduction grant authority for the USEPA. Th is funding is used to achieve significant reductions in diesel emissions that improve air quality a nd protect public health. The DERA funds that the NCDAQ have received have been used to retrofit, repower, or replace existing diesel engines from on-road and nonroad mobile source vehicles/equipment. This program will reduce particulate matter, NOx, and VOCCharlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 10 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 emissions. Even though these emission reduc tions are voluntary and not enforceable, they are still consider ed permanent reductions.

Local Program measures that ha ve been implemented include:

• Open Burning Prohibition: The MCAQ pr ohibits open burning of any kind year round. This prohibition is more stringen t than the State’s open burning rule and therefore enhances this c ontrol measure’s overall bene fit to the region. The open burning rule reduces NOx and VOC emissions as well as CO and fine particulate
matter.

• Diesel Engine Emission Reductions: The MCAQ has also received DERA funding as well as American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) and Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (C MAQ) funding. These funds have been used to retrofit, repower or replace existi ng diesel engines from on-road and nonroad mobile source vehicles/equipment. This program will reduce particulate matter, NOx and VOC emissions. Even though these emi ssion reductions are voluntary and not enforceable, they are still c onsidered permanent reductions.

A recent review of the NOx emissions in the USEPA’s Clean Air Markets database shows a reduction in over 88,000 tons of NOx from the reporting sources between 2002 and 2010. Table 2-4 presents the annual emissions for the North Carolina sources in the USEPA Clean Air Markets database.

Table 2-4. NOx Emissions from NC Sources in USEPA’s Clean Air Markets Database Year Annual NOx Emissions from NC Sources (Tons) 2002 145,706 2003 135,879 2004 124,079 2005 114,300 2006 108,584 2007 64,770 2008 61,669 2009 44,506 2010 57,305

Table 2-5 displays the NOx emission reductions, as the result of the NOx SIP call rule, from North Carolina power plants in the Metrolina n onattainment area, as well as the power plantsCharlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 11 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 located directly north and west of the Metrolina regi on that may impact the nonattainment area. There are four facilities located within the Nort h Carolina portion of the Metrolina nonattainment area located in Gaston, Lincoln and Rowan Counties. The facility west of the Metrolina region is Cliffside, located in Cleveland County and the facility north of the Metrolina region is Marshall located in Catawba Count y. This data is also from the USEPA Clean Air Markets Division’s database and represen ts the second and third quarters of the year (April through September), the period during which ozone levels are the highest. It is cl early demonstrated that the emissions from these facilities have signi ficantly decreased during the ozone season since 2002, with almost 10,000 tons of NOx reduction in the 2010 ozone season compared to 2002. The NOx SIP Call emission reductions are permanent and enforceable.

Table 2-5. April – September NOx Emissions for Utilities Near Metrolina Area (tons/period) Facility County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Allen Gaston 5,011 3,643 4,002 3,589 3,001 3,053 3,082 2,188 2,925 Riverbend Gaston 2,556 2,703 1,844 1,379 1,417 1,296 1,256 304 1,063 Lincoln Lincoln 44 20 50 20 52 81 33 6 40 Buck Rowan 1,084 1,468 1,089 1,286 1,262 870 832 197 783 Marshall Catawba 9,283 9,101 8,243 7,558 6,370 7,253 7,151 4,481 4,861 Cliffside Cleveland 1,944 2,149 1,738 1,782 1,540 1,311 1,173 561 357 Total ----- 19,922 19,084 16,966 15,614 13,642 13,864 13,527 7,737 10,029

A couple of measures to consider in determin ing how all of the emissions reductions have impacted air quality is whether the relati onship of exceedance days or the maximum 4 th highest ozone value with respect to high temperatur e days has changed over this time period. Temperature is one of the key meteorological factors that determines the ozone production potential of a given day. In North Carolina, many exceedances occur when the maximum daily temperature is 90 degrees Fahre nheit (oF) or greater. Figure 2-2 shows the relationship of exceedance days to high temperature days from 2000 through 2010 for the Metrolina region monitors. The relationship between the maximum 4 th highest ozone value to high temperature days from 2000 through 2010 is displayed in Figure 2-3.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 12 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 Figure 2-2. Relationship between high temper ature days and number of exceedance days in the Metrolina area

Figure 2-3. Relationship between hi gh temperature days and maximum 4 th highest ozone value in the Metrolina Area

It is important to see how the ozone levels have changed over the last decade in response to lower NOx emissions in the State. The worst summer in terms of the number of exceedance days and observed 4 th highest ozone concentrations was 2002, with 36 exceedance days in the Metrolina region and a maximum 4 th highest concentration of 0.108 ppm. That summer there were 49 days when the temperature was 90 oF or greater in the Metro lina region. The next highest number of exceedance days occurred in 2007 with 25 days and 74 days with temperatures at or above 90 °F, yet the maximum 4 th highest concentration was significantly lower than 2002 at 0.096 ppm.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 13 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 The most compelling evidence that the reduction in ozone concentrations is due to emission reductions and not just good weather conditions is the summer of 2010. In 2010, the Metrolina area experienced the hottest summer over the last decade with 86 days at or above 90 °F. However, the Metrolina area only observed four exceedance days and the maximum 4 th highest concentration was only 0.082 ppm. North Carolina beli eves that these matrices clearly indicate a real and significant progress in the reduction of ozone concentrations in th e Metrolina region due to the real, permanent and enforceable re ductions in NOx emissions in the State.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 14 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 

### 3.0 MAINTENANCE PLAN

3.1 CONCEPT OF NORTH CARO LINA'S MAINTENANCE PLAN
The State's plan for maintaining compliance with the ambient air quality standard for the 1997 8-hour ozone in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hi ll nonattainment area cons ists of three major parts: a foundation control program, a maintenan ce demonstration, and a contingency plan. The foundation control program consists of the current Federal and State control measures already in effect, as well as the future benefits of the fe deral Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR), Federal Transport Rule (FTR), cleaner engine programs, and low sulfur gasoline and low sulfur diesel fuel programs. Although North Carolina did not re ly on the emission reductions from CAIR or the FTR for maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone standard, these regulations will result in additional reductions in NOx emissions regionally.

The NCDAQ has implemented programs and submitted rules and laws to be adopted into the SIP. Once these rules and laws have been appr oved into the SIP by the USEPA, these programs will remain enforceable and are hereby submitted as the plan to ensure that maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone standard will continue. S ources are prohibited from reducing emission controls (anti-backsliding), for controls due to rules or laws that have been submitted to the USEPA for adoption into the SIP, following the re designation of the area unless such a change is first approved by the USEPA as a revision to the North Carolina SIP that is consistent with Section 110(l) of the Clean Air Act.

For the maintenance demonstration, the base year of 2010 was chosen since it is a year that falls within the attaining design value period of 2008-2010. The interim years chosen were: 2013, 2016, and 2019 since the USEPA recommends three-year increments for interim years. The final year of the maintenance demonstration is 2022, si nce the CAA requires maintenance for at least ten years after redesignation. The maintenance de monstration consists of a comparison between the 2010 baseline emissions inventory and the projected emissions inventories (for 2013, 2016, 2019 and 2022), which consider economic and popul ation growth. The comparison shows that the total emissions in each of the interim years and the final year is estimated to be lower than in the base year, which demonstrates maintena nce of the 1997 8-hour ozone standard. The reductions in emissions are due to the foundation control programs outlined below.

The North Carolina contingency plan involves tracking and trigge ring mechanisms to determine when contingency measures are needed and a process of implementing appropriate control measures. The primary trigger of the contingenc y plan will be a violation of the ambient air quality standard for 1997 8-hour ozone standard. The secondary trigger will be a monitored air quality pattern that suggests an actual 1997 8- hour ozone NAAQS violation may be imminent.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 15 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 The SCDHEC has developed a maintenance pl an for the South Carolina portion of the nonattainment area. A copy of the South Caroli na redesignation demonstration and maintenance plan is available upon request.

3.2 FOUNDATION CONTROL PROGRAM
The main element of the maintenance plan is the foundation control program. The foundation control program contains the controls necessary to maintain the ambient air quality standards. The purpose of the foundation control program is to prevent the ambient air quality standards from being violated and thereby eliminate the n eed for more costly controls being imposed on industry and the general public. Each component of the State's foundation control program is essential in demonstrating maintenan ce of the air quality standards.

The foundation control program consists of Federa l and State measures. The Federal measures include the cleaner fuel programs and the federa l highway motor vehicle and off-road equipment control program. State measures include th e I/M program, the NOx SIP Call rule, the Clean Smokestacks Act, heavy duty diesel engine ga p filling requirements and an open burning regulation. All of these programs have already been implemented or are in the process of being implemented.

3.2.1 Federal Control Measures
Tier 2 Vehicle Standards Federal Tier 2 vehicle standards require all passenger vehicles in a manufacturer’s fleet, including light-duty trucks and Sport Utility Vehi cles (SUVs), to meet an average standard of 0.07 grams of NOx per mile. Implementation be gan in 2004, with full compliance required by 2007. The Tier 2 standards also cover passeng er vehicles over 8,500 pounds gross vehicle weight rating (the larger pi ckup trucks and SUVs), which are not covered by the Tier 1 regulations. For these vehicles, the standa rds were phased in beginning in 2008, with full compliance required by 2009. The new standards requi re vehicles to be 77% to 95% cleaner. The Tier 2 rule also reduced the sulfur content of gasoline to 30 ppm starting in January of 2006. Most gasoline sold in North Carolina prior to Janua ry 2006 had a sulfur content of about 300 ppm. Sulfur occurs naturally in gasoline and interferes with th e operation of catalytic converters on vehicles, which results in higher NOx emissi ons. Lower-sulfur gasoline is necessary to achieve the Tier 2 vehicle emission standards. These emission reductions are federally enforceable.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 16 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 Heavy-Duty Gasoline and Diesel Highway Vehicles Standards New USEPA standards designed to reduce NOx and VOC emissions from heavy-duty gasoline and diesel highway vehicles be gan to take effect in 2004. A second phase of standards and testing procedures, began in 2007 and will reduc e particulate matter from heavy-duty highway engines, and reduce highway diesel fuel sulfur content to 15 ppm since the sulfur damages emission control devices. The total program is expected to achieve a 90% reduction in particulate matter (PM) emissions and a 95% re duction in NOx emissions for these new engines using low sulfur diesel, compared to engines using higher-content sulfur diesel. These emission reductions are federally enforceable.

Large Nonroad Diesel Engines Rule In May 2004, the USEPA promulgated new rules for large nonroad diesel engines, such as those used in construction, agricultur al, and industrial equipment, to be phased in between 2008 and 2014. The nonroad diesel rules also reduce the al lowable sulfur in nonroad diesel fuel by over 99%. Prior to the fuel standard change, nonroa d diesel fuel averaged about 3,400 ppm sulfur. The rule limits nonroad diesel sulfur conten t to 500 ppm by 2006 a nd 15 ppm by 2010. The combined engine and fuel rules is expected to reduce NOx and particulate matter emissions from large nonroad diesel engines by over 90%, comp ared to nonroad engines using higher-content sulfur diesel. These emission redu ctions are federally enforceable.

Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines an d Recreational Engines Standard The nonroad spark-ignition and recreational engine standards, effective in July 2003, regulates NOx, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide for groups of previously unregulated nonroad engines. These engine standards apply to all new engines sold in the United States and imported after these standards began and applie s to large spark-ignition engine s (forklifts and airport ground service equipment), recreational vehicles (off-hi ghway motorcycles and al l-terrain-vehicles), and recreational marine diesel engines. The regul ation varies based upon the type of engine or vehicle.

The large spark-ignition engines contribute to ozone formation and ambient carbon monoxide and particulate matter levels in urban areas. Tier 1 of this standard was implemented in 2004 and Tier 2 started in 2007. Like th e large spark-ignition, recreationa l vehicles contribute to ozone formation and ambient carbon monoxide and part iculate matter levels. For the off-highway motorcycles and all-terrain-vehicles, the exhaust emissions standard was phased-in. Fifty percent of model year 2006 engines had to meet the st andard and for model years 2007 and later, all engines must meet the standard. Recreational ma rine diesel engines ove r 37 kilowatts are used in yachts, cruisers, and other types of pleasure cr aft. Recreational marine engines contribute toCharlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 17 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 ozone formation and particulate matter levels, es pecially in marinas. Depending on the size of the engine, the standard began phasing-in in 2006.

When all of the nonroad spark-i gnition and recreational engine st andards are fully implemented, an overall 72% reduction in hydrocarbons, 80% reduction in NOx, and 56% reduction in carbon monoxide emissions are expected by 2020. These controls will help reduce ambient concentrations of ozone, carbon monoxide, and fine particulate matter. These emission reductions are federally enforceable.

NOx SIP Call in Surrounding States In October 1998, the USEPA made a finding of si gnificant contribution of NOx emissions from certain states and published a rule that set oz one season (May to September) NOx budgets for the purpose of reducing regional transport of ozone (63 FR 57356). This rule, referred to as the NOx SIP Call, required ozone season controls to be put on utility and industr ial boilers, as well as internal combustion engines, in 22 states in th e Eastern United States. A NOx emissions budget was set for each state and the states were requir ed to develop rules that would assure that each state met its budget. A NOx trading program was es tablished, allowing sources to buy credits to meet their NOx budget as opposed to actually inst alling controls. The emission budgets were to be met by the beginning of 2004. Even with the trading program, the amount of ozone season NOx emissions has decreased significantly in and around North Carolina. These emission reductions are federally enforceable.

Clean Air Interstate Rule and Federal Transport Rule On May 12, 2005, the USEPA promulgated the “Rule To Reduce Interstate Transport of Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone (C lean Air Interstate Rule); Revisions to Acid Rain Program; Revisions to the NOx SIP Call”, re ferred to as CAIR. This rule established the requirement for states to adopt rules limiting the emissions of NOx and sulfur dioxide and a model rule for the states to use in developing their rules. The purpose of the CAIR is to reduce interstate transport of precursors of fine particulate and ozone.

This rule provides annual state caps for NOx and su lfur dioxide for large fossil-fuel-fired electric generating units in two phases, with the Phase I caps for NOx and sulfur dioxide starting in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Phase II caps become e ffective in 2015. The USEPA is allowing the caps to be met through a cap and trade program if a state so chooses to participate in the program. These emission reductions are federally enforceable.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 18 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 Due to court challenges of CAIR in 2008, the USEPA will be making changes to the program, however, the existing CAIR rules will remain in place until the USEPA promulgates changes to the program. The FTR will replace th e CAIR rule and is expected to be promulgated summer of 2011. The control requirements for the FTR are e xpected to be as st ringent as the CAIR program. Although North Carolina did not rely on the emission reductions from CAIR or the FTR for maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone standard, these regulations will result in additional reductions in NOx em issions regionally. These new emission reductions will be federally enforceable.

3.2.2 State Control Measures North Carolina has adopted a number or regulat ions, legislation and voluntary programs to address pollution issues across the Stat e. These are summarized below.

Clean Air Bill The 1999 Clean Air Bill expanded the vehicle emissions I/M progr am in North Carolina from 9 counties to 48 counties, between July 1, 2002 th rough January 1, 2006 (Figure 3-1). Vehicles are tested using the onboard diagnostic system (O BDII), an improved method of testing, which ensures proper emission system operation for vehi cles and light trucks during their lifetime by monitoring emission-related components and system s for malfunction and/or deterioration. An important aspect of OBDII is its ability to notify the driver of malfunction and/or deterioration by illuminating the "check engine light". If the vehicle is taken to a repair shop in a timely fashion, it can be properly repaired before any significant and prolonged emission increase occurs. The previously used ta ilpipe test (i.e., idle test) did not measure NOx emissions; it only tested for VOC and carbon monoxide emissions. By utilizing the OBDII test method, the NOx emissions as well as other pollutants from motor vehicles are reduced. The effective dates for the counties in the North Carolina portion of the Metro lina nonattainment area are listed below.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 19 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 Figure 3-1. North Carolina’s NOx Inspect ion & Maintenance (I/M) Phase-In Map

County Date County Date Cabarrus July 1, 2002 Mecklenburg July 1, 2002 Gaston July 1, 2002 Rowan July 1, 2003 Iredell July 1, 2003 Union July 1, 2002 Lincoln January 1, 2004

The rule for the I/M program was submitted to the USEPA for adoption into the SIP in August 2002 and was federally approved in October 2002. Therefore, thes e emission reductions are both state and federally enforceable. The expected NOx and VOC emission benefits for the base year 2010 and the final year 2022 are listed in Tabl e 3-1 below. The expected NOx and VOC emission benefits for the interim years are expect ed to be along the same as those seen in 2010 and 2022.

Table 3-1 NOx and VOC Em ission Benefits From I/M Program (tons/day) County 2010 2022 NOx VOC NOx VOC Cabarrus 0.61 0.31 0.42 0.32 Gaston 0.64 0.32 0.33 0.24 Iredell* 0.38 0.25 0.25 0.24 Lincoln 0.24 0.14 0.17 0.13 Mecklenburg 3.31 1.48 1.79 1.11 Rowan 0.54 0.27 0.34 0.23 Union 0.56 0.32 0.41 0.33 Total 6.28 3.09 3.71 2.60 * Nonattainment portion of countyCharlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 20 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 NOx SIP Call Rule In response to the USEPA’s NOx SIP call, North Carolina adopted rules to control the emissions of NOx from large stationary combustion source s. These rules cover (1) fossil fuel-fired stationary boilers, combustion turbines, and comb ined cycle systems serv ing a generator with a nameplate capacity greater than 25 megawatts a nd selling any amount of electricity, (2) fossil fuel-fired stationary boilers, combustion tu rbines, and combined cycle systems having a maximum design heat input greater than 250 million British thermal units per hour, and (3) reciprocating stationary inte rnal combustion engines rated at equal or greater than 2400 brake horsepower (3000 brake horsepower for diesel engines and 4400 br ake horsepower for dual fuel engines). As part of the NOx SIP call, the US EPA rules established a NOx budget for sources in North Carolina and other states. North Carolina has a Phase II budget (i.e., emissions allowance) of 165,022 tons of NOx per ozone season.

North Carolina’s NOx SIP Call rule was predic ted to reduce summertime NOx emissions from power plants and other industries by 68% by 2006. In October 2000, the North Carolina Environmental Management Co mmission (EMC) adopted rule s requiring the reductions.

In 2009, the NOx SIP Call program was replaced with the CAIR, a cap-and-trade program that will achieve reductions of emissions of sulfur dioxide and NOx in the eastern United States. NOx sources that were regulated under the NOx SIP Call are now regulated under the CAIR program. North Carolina adopted the CAIR rules in 2006 (amended in 2008). North Carolina’s CAIR rules set annual sulfur dioxide allowan ces as well as both ozone season and annual NOx allowances for coal-fired electric generating uni ts and other large com bustion sources. These regulations are due to a Federa l program and thus are both stat e and federally enforceable.

Due to the Court challenges of CAIR in 2008, the USEPA will be making changes to this program soon. However, the existing CAIR rules will remain in place until the USEPA promulgates changes to the program.

Clean Smokestacks Act In June 2002, the North Carolina General A ssembly enacted the North Carolina Clean Smokestacks Act, which requires coal-fired power plants in North Ca rolina to reduce annual NOx emissions by 78% by 2009. These power plants must also reduce annual sulfur dioxide emissions by 49% by 2009 and 74% by 2013. This St ate law set a NOx emission cap for 2009 of 56,000 tons/year and a sulfur dioxide emissi ons cap of 250,000 tons/year and 130,000 tons/year for 2009 and 2013, respectively. It is significant to note that these emissions caps set in this legislation cannot be met by purchasing credits from sources outside of North Carolina, butCharlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 21 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 rather must be real emission reductions at the power plants subject to the legislation. In 2009, the power plants subject to this law had co mbined NOx emissions of 37, 691 tons/year, well below the 56,000 tons/year cap.

With requiring year-round NOx controls and not allowing the purchase of NOx credits to meet the caps, the Clean Smokestacks Act reduces NOx emissions beyond the requirements of the NOx SIP Call Rule. One of the first state laws of its kind in the nation, it provides a model for other states in controlling multiple air pollutants from older coal-fired power plants. This law was submitted to the USEPA for adoption into the SIP in August 2009, however, the USEPA has not yet approved it into the SIP. These emissi on reductions are currently state enforceable, however, once the USEPA has federally approved th e law into the SIP, these emission reductions will be federally enforceable as well.

Open Burning Bans
The North Carolina open burning regulation proh ibits the burning of man-made materials statewide. In June 2004, the EMC approved re visions to the open burning regulation banning open burning of yard waste and land clearing debris on forecasted Code Orange or higher "air quality action days," for those counties that th e NCDAQ or local air programs forecast ozone or fine particulate matter. The following counties in the Metrolina area ar e subject to this rule : Cabarrus, Gaston, Southern Iredell, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Rowan and Union.
The open burning regulation reduces particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, NOx, and VOC emissions. The estimated emission reducti ons for the base year and the final year of the maintenance plan are presented in Table 3- 2. For a full explanation of how these emission reductions were estimated, please refer to Appe ndix B.2, the Area Source Emissions Inventory Documentation.

Table 3-2 Estimated NOx and VOC Emission Reductions from Open Burning Regulation (tons/day) County 2010 2022 NOx VOC NOx VOC Cabarrus 0.14 0.15 0.25 0.28 Gaston 0.13 0.15 0.24 0.27 Iredell 0.07 0.08 0.13 0.15 Lincoln 0.13 0.15 0.24 0.27 Mecklenburg 0.10 0.11 0.18 0.20 Rowan 0.17 0.19 0.30 0.34 Union 0.27 0.30 0.49 0.55 Total 1.01 1.13 1.83 2.06Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 22 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 The open burning rule was submitted to the USEPA for adoption into the SIP in March 2006, however, the USEPA has not yet appr oved the adoption of this rule into the SIP. These emission reductions are currently state enforceable, how ever, once the USEPA has federally approved the rule into the SIP, these emission reductions will be federally enforceable as well.

Idle Reduction Regulation
The EMC adopted the Heavy-Duty Vehicle Idling Re strictions rule to reduce unnecessary idling of heavy-duty trucks on July 9, 2009 and the rule became effective on July 10, 2010. This rule is state enforceable and generally prevents any pe rson who operates a heavy-duty vehicle to cause, let, permit, suffer or allow idling for a period of time in excess of 5 consecutive minutes in any 60 minute period. The expected emission reductions from this regulation were not included in the mobile source emissions estimated for this maintenance plan because the MOVES model does not incorporate such a program.

Prevention of Significant Deterioration All new major sources of VOCs and NOx will be evaluated under the prevention of significant deterioration program and are required to use be st available control t echnology. These emission reductions are state enforceable.

3.2.3 Local Program Control Measures The MCAQ operates a state certif ied local air pollution progra m pursuant to North Carolina General Statue 143-215.122 and administers SIP rules throughout Mecklenburg County, including incorporated areas. The MCAQ prohib its open burning of any kind year round. This prohibition is more stringent th an the State’s open burning rule and therefore enhances this control measure’s overall benefit to the region.

3.2.4 Additional Programs Supporting Maintenance Air Awareness Program The North Carolina Air Awareness Program is a public outreach and edu cation program of the NCDAQ. The goal of the program is to reduce air pollution t hough voluntary actions by individuals and organizations. Th e program seeks to educate indivi duals about (1) the sources of air pollution; (2) the health effects of air pollution and how these effects can be mitigated by modification of outdoor activities on ozone action days; and (3) si mple "action tips", such as carpooling, vehicle maintenance, and energy conservation, that re duce individual contributions to air pollution. One of the major program co mponents is the year round daily air qualityCharlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 23 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 forecast. The NCDAQ produces the 8-hour ozone forecasts and corresponding air quality index for the Metrolina forecast area from Ma y 1 through September 30 of each year.

Transportation Conformity The NCDAQ will work closely with the North Caro lina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) and local transportation agencies to assure that Transportation Improvement Programs (TIPs) in the nonattainment area are consistent with and conform to the State's air quality program, including the SIP, and meet th e Federal requirements on conformity. This conformity review shall be performed for all federally funded and all other major projects contained in TIPs, regardless of source of funding. Technical analysis of transp ortation plans, programs, and projects for conformity will be done cooperatively by the Statewide Planning Branch of the NCDOT and the NCDAQ. In the event that the NCDAQ disagrees with the NCDOT on a conformity determination or issue, the NCDA Q and the NCDOT will present the issue to the Governor for resolution. Additionally, the Stat e will prepare NOx and VOC emissions analyses in the ozone conformity determinations.

The public and interested parties are given an early and reasonable oppo rtunity to comment on transportation plans, programs, projects and propos ed conformity determinations in accordance with procedures adopted by metr opolitan planning organizations pur suant to the requirements of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transp ortation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (and any updated transportation legislat ion), as well as any updated tran sportation legislation, and the CAA as amended.

Mobile Source Emission Reduction Grants As part of the North Carolina Mobile Source Em ission Reduction Grants program, a number of cities, counties and school distri cts have installed Diesel Oxida tion Catalysts (DOC s) or Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) on their diesel equipmen t. The vehicles that have been retrofitted include schools buses, as well as county fleet trucks for solid waste pickup. Although these types of filters are designed to remove fine particulate matter, when used with ultra low sulfur diesel fuel, NOx and VOC em issions are also reduced.

The Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) pr ovides new diesel emissions reduction grant authority for the USEPA. This funding is used to achieve significant reductions in diesel emissions that improve air quality and protect pu blic health. In response to DERA, the USEPA created grant and funding programs under the Na tional Clean Diesel Campaign to build on the success of its regulatory and voluntary efforts to reduce emissions from diesel engines. The DERA funds, as well as the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funding that theCharlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 24 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 NCDAQ have received have been used to retr ofit, repower, or replace existing diesel engines from on-road and nonroad mobile source vehicles/equipment. Additionally, the MCAQ has received DERA, ARRA and CMAQ f unding that have been used to retrofit, repower, or replace existing diesel engines from on-road and nonroad mobile source vehicles/equipment.

3.3 EMISSIONS INVENTORIES AN D MAINTENANCE DEMONSTRATION
3.3.1 Theory of Approach There are two basic approaches used to demonstr ate continued maintenance. The first is the comparison of a projected emissions inventory wi th a baseline emissions inventory. The second approach involves complex analysis using grid ded photochemical modeling. The approach used by the NCDAQ is the comparison of emissi ons inventories for the years 2010 and 2022.

For the maintenance demonstration, the base year of 2010 was chosen since it is a year that falls within the attaining design va lue period of 2008-2010. The maintenance demonstration is made by comparing the 2010 baseline summer day emi ssions inventory to the 2022 projected summer day emissions inventory. The baseline summer day emissions inventory represents an emission level for a period when the ambient air quality standard was not violated, 2008-2010. If the projected emissions remain at or below the baseline emissions, continued maintenance is demonstrated and it then follows, if the projec ted emissions remain at or below the baseline emissions, then the ambient air quality standard s hould not be violated in the future. In addition to comparing the final year of the plan, all of th e interim years are compared to the 2010 baseline to demonstrate that these year s are also expected to show continued maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone standard.

The emissions inventories are comprised of four major types of sources: point, area, on-road mobile and nonroad mobile. The projected su mmer day emission inventories have been estimated using projected rates of growth in population, traffic, econom ic activity, and other parameters. Naturally occurring, or biogenic, emissions are not incl uded in the emissions inventory comparison, as these emissions ar e outside the State’s span of control.

The SCDHEC has developed a maintenance pl an for the South Carolina portion of the nonattainment area. A copy of the South Caroli na redesignation demonstration and maintenance plan is available upon request

. A summary of the emissions for the nonattainment portion of York County, South Carolina is included in Section 3.3.3.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 25 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 3.3.2 Emission Inventories
There are four different man-made emission inventory source classi fications: (1) st ationary point, (2) area, (3) on-road mobile a nd (4). nonroad mobile sources.

Point sources are those stationary sources that require an air permit to operate. In general, these sources have a potential to emit more than 5 tons pe r year of a criteria pol lutant or its precursors from a single facility. The source emissions are tabulated from data coll ected by direct on-site measurements of emissions or mass balance cal culations utilizing emission factors from the USEPA’s AP-42 or stack test results. There are usually several emission sources for each facility. Emission data is collected for each point source at a f acility and the data is entered into an in-house database system. For the projected years’ inventory, point sources are adjusted by growth factors based on Standard Industrial Classification codes generated using growth patterns obtained from County Business Patterns. For the electric generati ng utility sources, the estimated projected future year emissions we re based on information provided by the utility company. For the sources that report to th e USEPA’s Clean Air Mark ets Division, the actual 2010 average summer day emissions were used. Fo r the other Title V sources, the 2009 data was used which was the latest data available. For the small sources that on ly report emissions every 5 years, the most recently reported data was used and assumed to be equivalent to 2009 emissions since these sources do not vary much fro m year to year. The 2009 emissions data was grown to 2010 using the USEPA’s EGAS mode l. The NCDAQ believes the estimated 2010 emissions are representative of what was emitted in 2010.

For detailed discussion on how the point s ources emission inventor y was developed, see Appendix B.1. A summary of the point source emissions are presente d in Table 3-3 and Table 3-4. The emissions are presente d in a ton per summer day basis.

Table 3-3. Point Source NOx Emissions (tons per day) County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 Cabarrus 0.90 0.95 1.01 1.11 1.16 Gaston 23.48 8.58 7.75 7.92 6.02 Iredell* 3.28 3.54 3.79 4.04 4.28 Lincoln 0.59 0.65 0.68 0.74 0.81 Mecklenburg 1.35 1.39 1.48 1.58 1.68 Rowan 7.04 3.38 2.87 3.07 3.32 Union 0.33 0.35 0.38 0.40 0.44 Total 36.97 18.84 17.96 18.86 17.71 *Iredell County emissions for nonattainment area onlyCharlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 26 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 Table 3-4 Point Source VOC Emissions (tons per day) County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 Cabarrus 1.14 1.25 1.35 1.46 1.54 Gaston 1.28 1.19 1.35 1.47 1.54 Iredell* 0.86 0.94 1.03 1.09 1.16 Lincoln 0.93 1.03 1.12 1.24 1.32 Mecklenburg 3.24 3.52 3.82 4.05 4.31 Rowan 3.72 4.08 4.48 4.87 5.25 Union 1.36 1.49 1.61 1.72 1.85 Total 12.53 13.50 14.76 15.90 16.97 *Iredell County emissions for nonattainment area only

Area sources are those stationary sources whose emissions are relatively small but due to the large number of these sources, the collective emi ssions could be significan t (i.e., dry cleaners, service stations, etc.). For area sources, emissions are estimated by multiplying an emission factor by some known indicator of collective activity such as production, number of employees, or population. These types of em issions are estimated on the count y level. For the projected year's inventory, area source emissions are changed by population growth, projected production growth, or estimated employment growth. Fo r detailed discussion on how the area source emission inventory was developed, see Appendix B.2. A summary of the area source emissions are presented in Table 3-5 and Table 3-6. The emissions are presented in a ton per summer day basis.

Table 3-5. Area Source NOx Emissions (tons per day) County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 Cabarrus 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.63 Gaston 0.73 0.75 0.77 0.79 0.80 Iredell* 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 Lincoln 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.22 Mecklenburg 5.25 5.31 5.37 5.44 5.50 Rowan 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.51 Union 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.65 0.64 Total 8.16 8.24 8.31 8.43 8.50 *Iredell County emissions for nonattainment area onlyCharlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 27 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 Table 3-6. Area Source VOC Emissions (tons per day) County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 Cabarrus 5.12 5.10 5.14 5.31 5.49 Gaston 6.33 6.32 6.38 6.56 6.73 Iredell* 2.06 2.14 2.19 2.27 2.35 Lincoln 2.78 2.91 2.97 3.08 3.19 Mecklenburg 25.76 26.26 25.82 26.47 27.18 Rowan 4.87 5.16 5.27 5.45 5.63 Union 8.80 9.27 9.58 10.13 10.67 Total 55.72 57.16 57.35 59.27 61.24 *Iredell County emissions for nonattainment area only

For highway mobile sources, the USEPA’s Moto r Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) mobile model is run to generate emissions. The MOVE S model includes the road class vehicle miles traveled (VMT) as an input file and can dir ectly output the estimated emissions. For the projected years’ inventories, th e highway mobile sources emissi ons are calculated by running the MOVES mobile model for the future year with the projected VMT to generate emissions that take into consideration expected Federal tailpipe standards, fleet turnover and new fuels. For detailed discussion on how the on-road mob ile emission inventory was developed, see Appendix B.3. A summary of the on-road mobile source emissions are presented in Table 3-7 and Table 3-8. The emissions are presented in a ton per summer day basis.

Table 3-7. On-road Mobile Source NOx Emissions (tons per day) County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 Cabarrus 14.48 11.81 9.79 7.90 6.95 Gaston 13.64 10.18 8.10 6.61 5.76 Iredell* 8.91 7.09 5.75 4.69 4.00 Lincoln 5.80 4.73 3.85 3.16 2.69 Mecklenburg 69.21 52.08 41.47 33.82 32.00 Rowan 12.96 10.06 8.03 6.41 5.46 Union 13.26 10.97 9.44 7.90 6.81 Total 138.26 106.92 86.43 70.49 63.67 *Iredell County emissions for nonattainment area onlyCharlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 28 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 Table 3-8. On-road Mobile Source VOC Emissions (tons per day) County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 Cabarrus 7.54 6.05 5.04 4.18 3.63 Gaston 6.24 4.67 3.72 3.08 2.69 Iredell* 5.51 4.32 3.55 2.95 2.53 Lincoln 3.21 2.52 2.05 1.69 1.44 Mecklenburg 30.42 22.91 18.32 15.20 13.65 Rowan 6.32 4.82 3.84 3.10 2.60 Union 7.46 6.03 5.06 4.27 3.67 Total 66.70 51.32 41.58 34.47 30.21 *Iredell County emissions for nonattainment area only

Nonroad mobile sources, also referred to as o ff-road mobile sources, are equipment that can move but do not use the roadways, i.e., lawn mowers, construction equipment, railroad locomotives, aircraft, etc. The emissions from this category are calculated using the USEPA’s NONROAD2008a model, with the exception of the ra ilroad locomotives and aircraft engine. The railroad locomotive and aircraft engine emi ssions are estimated by taking activity data, such as landings and takeoffs, and multiply by an emi ssion factor. These emissions are also estimated at the county level. For the pr ojected years’ inventories, the emissions are estimated using the USEPA’s NONROAD2008a model, pr ojected landing and takeoff data for aircraft and national fuel use from the Energy Information Administ ration for locomotives. For detailed discussion on how the nonroad mobile emission inventory was developed, see Appendix B.4. A summary of the nonroad mobile source emissions are presented in Table 3-9 and Table 3-10. The emissions are presented in a ton per summer day basis.

Table 3-9. Nonroad Mobile Source NOx Emissions (tons per day) County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 Cabarrus 2.87 2.39 1.93 1.59 1.38 Gaston 2.83 2.31 1.85 1.55 1.36 Iredell* 0.90 0.74 0.58 0.47 0.40 Lincoln 1.20 1.00 0.82 0.68 0.60 Mecklenburg 25.38 22.93 20.33 18.69 17.88 Rowan 2.52 2.15 1.80 1.55 1.38 Union 5.35 4.52 3.68 3.05 2.61 Total 41.05 36.04 30.99 27.58 25.61 *Iredell County emissions for nonattainment area onlyCharlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 29 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 Table 3-10. Nonroad Mobile Source VOC Emissions (tons per day) County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 Cabarrus 1.73 1.41 1.25 1.23 1.25 Gaston 1.92 1.54 1.31 1.23 1.22 Iredell* 0.62 0.50 0.42 0.38 0.36 Lincoln 0.94 0.77 0.66 0.59 0.57 Mecklenburg 16.20 13.63 12.33 12.14 12.37 Rowan 1.89 1.58 1.33 1.18 1.12 Union 3.11 2.60 2.33 2.27 2.29 Total 26.41 22.03 19.63 19.02 19.18 *Iredell County emissions for nonattainment area only

3.3.3 Summary of Emissions
The sum totals of the man-made emissions for th e Metrolina nonattainment area are tabulated in Tables 3-11 though 3-14. The emission summaries for York County, South Carolina came from the SCDHEC redesignation demonstr ation and maintenance plan.

Table 3-11 Total Man-Made NOx Emissions for the North Carolina Portion of the Metrolina Nonattainment Area (tons/day) County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 Cabarrus 18.84 15.75 13.34 11.22 10.12 Gaston 40.68 21.82 18.47 16.87 13.94 Iredell* 13.29 11.57 10.32 9.40 8.88 Lincoln 7.82 6.61 5.57 4.80 4.32 Mecklenburg 101.19 81.71 68.65 59.53 57.06 Rowan 23.02 16.09 13.20 11.54 10.67 Union 19.60 16.49 14.14 12.00 10.50 Total 224.44 170.04 143.69 125.36 115.49 * Iredell County emissions for nonattainment area only.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 30 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 Table 3-12 Total Man-Made VOC Emission s for the North Carolina Portion of the Metrolina Nonattainment Area (tons/day) County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 Cabarrus 15.53 13.81 12.78 12.18 11.91 Gaston 15.77 13.72 12.76 12.34 12.18 Iredell* 9.05 7.90 7.19 6.69 6.40 Lincoln 7.86 7.23 6.80 6.60 6.52 Mecklenburg 75.62 66.32 60.29 57.86 57.51 Rowan 16.80 15.64 14.92 14.60 14.60 Union 20.73 19.39 18.58 18.39 18.48 Total 161.36 144.01 133.32 128.66 127.60 * Iredell County emissions for nonattainment area only.

Table 3-13 Total Man-Made NOx Emissi ons for South Carolina Portion of the Metrolina Nonattainment Area – York County, South Carolina (tons/day) County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 Point 4.54 4.64 4.91 5.19 5.48 Area 1.17 1.22 1.27 1.32 1.36 On-Road Mobile 12.05 8.73 6.52 5.16 4.42 Nonroad Mobile 3.21 2.69 2.17 1.82 1.60 Total 20.97 17.28 14.87 13.49 12.86 * York County emissions for nonattainment area only.

Table 3-13 Total Man-Made VOC Emissi ons for South Carolina Portion of the Metrolina Nonattainment Area – York County, South Carolina (tons/day) County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 Point 2.07 2.06 2.20 2.34 2.49 Area 7.16 7.39 7.57 7.70 7.83 On-Road Mobile 3.92 3.14 2.61 2.29 2.14 Nonroad Mobile 2.15 1.78 1.54 1.44 1.41 Total 15.30 14.37 13.92 13.77 13.87 * York County emissions for nonattainment area only.

3.3.4 Maintenance Demonstration As discussed above, maintenance is demonstrat ed when the future years total man-made emissions are less than the 2010 baseline emissi ons. The following tables summarize the VOC and NOx emissions for the entire Metrolina nona ttainment area and the North Carolina portion, respectively. The difference between the base year and the final year for both scenarios illustrates that the continued maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS is expected.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 31 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 Table 3-14 Maintenance Demonstration for Metrolina Nonattainment Area Year NOx (tons/day) VOC (tons/day)
2010 245.41 176.66 2013 187.32 158.38 2016 158.56 147.24 2019 138.85 142.43 2022 128.35 141.47 Difference from

2010 to 2022 -117.06 -35.19

Table 3-14 Maintenance Demonstration for North Carolina Portion of the Metrolina Nonattainment Area Year NOx (tons/day) VOC (tons/day) 2010 224.44 161.36 2013 170.04 144.01 2016 143.69 133.32 2019 125.36 128.66 2022 115.49 127.60 Difference from

2010 to 2022 -108.95 -33.76

The difference between the attainment level of emissions (2010) from all man-made sources and the projected level of emissions from all ma n-made sources in the nonattainment area is considered the “safety margin”. The safety marg in for each projected year is listed below in Table 3-15. The safety margin for the North Carolina portion of the nonattainment area is summarized in Table 3-16.

Table 3-15 Safety Margin for Metrolina Nonattainment Area Year NOx TPD VOC TPD 2010 N/A N/A 2013 -58.09 -18.28 2016 -86.85 -29.42 2019 -106.56 -34.23 2022 -117.06 -35.19Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 32 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 Table 3-16 Safety Margin for North Carolina Portion of the Metrolina Nonattainment Area Year NOx TPD VOC TPD 2010 N/A N/A 2013 -54.40 -17.35 2016 -80.75 -28.04 2019 -99.08 -32.70 2022 -108.95 -33.76

3.4 CONTINGENCY PLAN

3.4.1 Overview
The two main elements of the North Carolina contingency plan are tracking and triggering mechanisms to determine when contingency meas ures are needed and a process of developing and adopting appropriate control measures. Ther e will be three potential triggers for the contingency plan. The primary trigger of the contingency plan will be a violation of the 1997 8- hour ozone NAAQS at any of the Metrolina area monitors. The secondary trigger will be a monitored air quality pattern that suggests an actual 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS violation may be imminent. The tertiary trigger will be a monitored fourth high exceedance of the NAAQS. Upon either the primary or secondary trigge rs being activated, the NCDAQ, working in consultation with the SCDHEC and the Meck lenburg County Air Qu ality (MCAQ) local program, will commence analyses to determine what additional measures, if any, will be necessary to attain or maintain the 1997 8-hour ozone standard. If activation of either the primary or secondary triggers occurs, this pl an provides a regulatory adoption process for revising emission control strategies. Activation of the tertiary trigger will result in an analysis to understand the cause of the exceedance and to identify voluntary measures if needed.

In addition, there will be a tr acking mechanism that requires a comparison of the actual emissions inventory submitted under the Consolid ated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR) and Air Emission Reporting Rule (AERR) to the projected inventory, and to the attainment year inventory contained in this ma intenance plan. The CERR and AERR reporting years are within a year of the baseline, interim and final years of the emission inventory in this maintenance demonstration.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 33 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 3.4.2 Primary and Secondary Triggers The primary trigger of the contingency plan will be a violation of the 1997 8-hour ozone standard, or when the three-year average of the 4 th highest values is equal to or greater than 0.085 ppm at a monitor in the Metrolina nonattainment ar ea. The trigger date will be 60 days from the date that the State observes a 4 th highest value that, when averag ed with the two previous ozone seasons’ fourth highest values, would result in a three-year average equal to or greater than 0.085 ppm.
The secondary trigger will apply where no actual violation of the 1997 8-hour ozone standard has occurred, but where the State finds monitored ozone levels indicating that an actual ozone NAAQS violation may be imminent. A pattern will be deemed to exist when there are two consecutive ozone seasons in which the 4 th highest values are 0.085 pp m or greater at a single monitor within the Metrolina nonattainment area. The trigger date will be 60 days from the date that the State observes a 4 th highest value of 0.085 ppm or great er at a monitor for which the previous season had a 4 th highest value of 0.085 ppm or greater.

Similarly, the tertiary trigger will not be an actual violation of the 1997 8-hour ozone standard. This trigger will be a first alert as to a potenti al air quality problem on the horizon. The trigger will be activated when a monitor in th e Metrolina nonattainment area has a 4 th highest value of 0.085 ppm or greater, starting the fi rst year after the maintenance plan has been approved. The trigger date will be 60 days from the date that the State observes a 4 th highest value of 0.085 ppm or greater at any monitor.

3.4.3 Action Resulting Fr om Trigger Activation Once the primary or secondary trigger is acti vated, the Planning Section of the NCDAQ, in consultation with the SCDHEC and MCAQ, sha ll commence analyses including trajectory analyses of high ozone days, a nd emissions inventory assessment to determine those emission control measures that will be required for attaining or ma intaining the 1997 8-hour ozone standard. By May 1 of the year following the ozone season in which the primary or secondary trigger has been activated, North Carolina will comp lete sufficient analyses to begin adoption of necessary rules for ensuring attainment and maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS. The rules would become State effective by the fo llowing January 1, unless legislative review is required.

The measures that will be considered for a doption upon a trigger of the contingency plan include: NOx Reasonably Available Control Tec hnology on stationary sour ces with a potential to emit less than 100 tons per year in the Nort h Carolina portion of the Metrolina nonattainmentCharlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 34 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 area, diesel inspection and maintenance program, implementation of diesel retrofit programs, including incentives fo r performing retrofits, and additi onal controls in upwind areas.

The NCDAQ commits to implement within 24 months of a primary or secondary trigger, or as expeditiously as practicable, at least one of the control meas ures listed above or other contingency measures that may be determined to be more appropriate based on the analyses performed.

Once the tertiary trigger is activated, the Planni ng Section of the NCDAQ, in consultation with the SCDHEC and MCAQ, shall commence analys es including meteor ological evaluation, trajectory analyses of high ozone days, and em issions inventory assessment to understand why a 4 th highest exceedance of the standard has occurred. Once the analyses are completed, the NCDAQ will work with SCDHEC, MCAQ and the local air awareness program to develop an outreach plan identifying any additional voluntary measures that can be implemented. If the 4 th highest exceedance occurs early in the season, the NCDAQ will work with entities identified in the outreach plan to determine if the measures can be implemented during the current season, otherwise, NCDAQ will work with SCDHEC, MCAQ and the local air awareness coordinator to implement the plan for the following ozone season.

3.4.4 Tracking Program for Ongoing Maintenance In addition to the measures listed above, emissions inventory comparisons will be carried out. The large stationary sources ar e required to submit an emissi ons inventory annually to the NCDAQ or MCAQ. The NCDAQ will commit to review these emissions inventories to determine if an unexpected growth in NOx emi ssions in the Metrolina area may endanger the maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone standard. Additionally, as new VMT data is provided by the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT), the NCDAQ commits to review this data and determine if any unexpected growth in VMT may endanger the maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone standard.

Additionally, under the CERR and AERR the NCDAQ is required to develop a comprehensive, annual, statewide emissions inventory every three years and is due twelve to eighteen months after the completion of the inve ntory year. The CERR and AERR inventory years are within a year of the baseline, interim and final years of the maintenance plan. Therefore, the NCDAQ commits to compare the CERR and AERR invent ories as they are developed with the maintenance plan to determine if additional steps are necessary for continued maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone standard in this area.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 35 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 

### 4.0 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS BUDGET FOR CONFORMITY

4.1 TRANSPORTATION CONFORMITY
The purpose of transportation conformity is to ensure that Federal transportation actions occurring in nonattainment and maintenance ar eas do not hinder the area from attaining and maintaining the 1997 8-hour ozone standard. This means that the level of emissions estimated by the NCDOT or the metropolitan planni ng organizations for the Transportation Implementation Plan (TIP) and Long Range Transportation Plan must not exceed the motor vehicle emission budgets (MVEBs) as de fined in this maintenance plan.

Through the interagency consultation process, th ere was discussion on th e years to set MVEBs for the Metrolina maintenance plan. Accord ing to Section 93.118 of the transportation conformity rule, a maintenance plan must establ ish MVEBs for the last year of the maintenance plan (in this case, 2022). The consensus during the interagency consultation process was that another MVEB should be set for the year 2013 in the Metrolina maintenance plan.

4.2 SAFETY MARGIN
As stated in Section 3.3.4, a safe ty margin is the difference be tween the attain ment level of emissions from all source categories (i.e., po int, area, on-road and nonroad mobile) and the projected level of emissions from all source ca tegories. The safety margins for the North Carolina portion of the Metrolina nonattainment area are listed in Tabl e 3-16 above. The State may choose to allocate some of the safety marg in to the MVEB, for transportation conformity purposes, so long as the total le vel of emissions from all sour ce categories remains below the attainment level of emissions.

The NCDAQ has decided to allocate a portion of the safety margin to the MVEB to allow for unanticipated growth in VMT, changes and uncerta inty in vehicle mix assumptions, etc. that will influence the emission estimations. The NCDAQ has developed and implemented a four-step approach for determining a factor to use to calcul ate the amount of safety margin to apply to the MVEB and it is outlined in Appendix B.3. The percent increase to the MVEBs for the North Carolina counties in the Metrolina nonattainme nt area are listed in the table below.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 36 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 Table 4-1 Percent Increase To Mobile Vehicle Emissions Budget

County 2013 2022 Cabarrus 10% 20% Gaston 10% 20% Iredell 12% 22% Lincoln 12% 22% Mecklenburg 7% 17% Rowan 10% 20% Union 10% 20%

4.3 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION BUDGETS
Although the emissions up to this point have be en expressed in terms of tons per day, the MVEBs will be set in terms of kilograms (kg) per day. The reason for the change is so that the MVEBs will be defined in a smaller unit of meas urement. Additionally, in past conformity determinations there have been concerns with how the tons per day MVEBs were rounded to the hundredth place. Setting the MVEBs in kilograms per day will avoid these concerns in future conformity determinations. The MOVES model reports emissions out several decimal places and for this plan the emissions have been r ounded to the second decimal place. The conversion to kilograms used the actual emissions reporte d in the MOVES model. The conversion was done utilizing the “CONVERT” functi on in an EXCEL spreadsheet.

The tables below shows the counties with th eir highway mobile NOx and VOC emissions expressed in tons per day and the correspond ing kilograms per day values for 2013 and 2022.

Table 4-2 Highway Mobile Source NOx Em issions North Carolina Portion of the Metrolina Nonattainment Area County 2013 2022 Tons/day Kg/day Tons/day Kg/day Cabarrus 11.81 10,711 6.95 6,303 Gaston 10.18 9,235 5.76 5,229 Iredell* 7.09 6,433 4.00 3,626 Lincoln 4.73 4,289 2.69 2,439 Mecklenburg 52.08 47,243 32.00 29,033 Rowan 10.06 9,127 5.46 4,955 Union 10.97 9,955 6.81 6,174 Total 106.92 96,993 63.67 57,759 *Iredell County emissions for nonattainment area only.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 37 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 Table 4-3 Highway Mobile Source VOC Emissions North Carolina Portion of the Metrolina Nonattainment Area County 2013 2022 Tons/day Kg/day Tons/day Kg/day Cabarrus 6.05 5,491 3.63 3,297 Gaston 4.67 4,240 2.69 2,437 Iredell* 4.32 3,920 2.53 2,298 Lincoln 2.52 2,282 1.44 1,306 Mecklenburg 22.91 20,783 13.66 12,387 Rowan 4.82 4,372 2.60 2,363 Union 6.03 5,467 3.67 3,326 Total 51.32 46,555 30.22 27,414 *Iredell County emissions for nonattainment area only.

As part of the consultation process on setti ng MVEBs, the NCDAQ discussed several options for setting the geographic extent of the MVEBs w ith the transportation partners. The NCDAQ requested feedback on these options or othe r alternatives for c onsideration from the transportation partners. The NCDAQ received feedback from only two of the transportation partners. Therefore, as part of the public comment proces s, the NCDAQ provided several options for establishing the MVEB s. The options included:

• Option A – county level MVEBs;

• Option B – MVEBs set as grouped counties base d on counties that contain a Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) and/or Ru ral Planning Organi zation (RPO) and a sub-MPO budget for Mecklenburg County;

• Option C – MVEBs set as grouped counties base d on counties that contain a Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) and/or Rural Planning Orga nization (RPO);

• Option D – MVEBs set for Cabarrus Rowan MPO (CRMPO), one MVEB for the remaining MPOs and RPOs and a s ub-MPO budget for Mecklenburg County.

During the public comment period, comments re garding geographical extent for the MVEBs were received from the USEPA, CRMPO and the Mecklenburg Union MPO (MUMPO). The USEPA preferred Option A and CRMPO preferre d Options B or C. MUMPO requested that Mecklenburg County not have separate sub-MP O budget, that county le vel MVEBs not be set and that NCDAQ consider an a lternative option similar to Option D without the sub-MPO budget for Mecklenburg County.

After considering the comments received, the NCDAQ has chosen to establish MVEBs based on Option C. This option is consistent with the CRM PO request and takes into consideration two ofCharlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 38 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 the comments from MUMPO. The NCDAQ belie ves that this option is a good compromise between how MVEBs have been established in the past, addressing the NCDAQ’s concern with Mecklenburg County’s on-road mobile sour ce emissions and the preferences of the transportation partners. Furt her, the NCDAQ believes this approach provides additional flexibility to the transportation partners while providing adequate assurance that the ozone standard will be maintained in the region.

Therefore, MVEBs are set for the CRMPO (C abarrus and Rowan Counties), for the Gaston Urban Area MPO and Lake Norman RPO (Gaston, Iredell, and Lincoln Counties), and for the MUMPO and Rocky River RPO (Mecklenburg and Union Counties). Tables 4-4 through 4-6 below provide the NOx and VOC MVEBs in kil ograms per day, for transportation conformity purposes, for 2013 and 2022. Upon the USEPA’s a ffirmative adequacy finding for these subarea MVEBs, they will become the applic able MVEBs for transportation conformity.

Table 4-4 Cabarrus-Rowan MP O MVEB in kilograms per day 2013 2022 NOx VOC NOx VOC Base Emissions 19,838 9,863 11,258 5,660 Safety Margin Allocated to MVEB 1,984 986 2,252 1,132 Conformity MVEB 21,822 10,849 13,510 6,792 Includes all of Cabarrus and Rowan Counties

Table 4-5 Gaston Urban Area MPO/Lake Norman RPO MVEB in kilograms per day 2013 2022 NOx VOC NOx VOC Base Emissions 19,957 10,442 11,294 6,041 Safety Margin Allocated to MVEB 2,211 1,168 2,381 1,280 Conformity MVEB 22,168 11,610 13,675 7,321 Includes all of Gaston and Lincoln Countie s and the nonattainment area of Iredell Co
Table 4-6 Mecklenburg-Union MPO/Rocky Ri ver RPO MVEB in kilograms per day 2013 2022 NOx VOC NOx VOC Base Emissions 57,198 26,250 35,207 15,713 Safety Margin Allocated to MVEB 4,303 2,002 6,171 2,771 Conformity MVEB 61,501 28,252 41,378 18,484 Includes all of Meckle nburg and Union CountiesCharlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 39 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 New Safety Margins A total of 8,498 kg/day (9.37 tons/day) and 10,804 kg/day (11.91 tons/day) of 2013 and 2022 NOx safety margin, respectively, were added to the MVEB for the Metrolina area. A total of 4,156 kg/day (4.58 tons/day) and 5,183 kg/day (5.71 tons/day) of the 2013 and 2022 VOC safety margin, respectively, were added to the MVEB for the Metrolina area. The revised safety margins, which take into consideration the portion of the safety margin applied to the MVEB, for each projected year is listed below in Table 4-23.

Table 4-23 New Safety Margins for the North Carolina Portion of the Metrolina Nonattainment Area Year NOx TPD VOC TPD 2010 N/A N/A 2013 -45.03 -12.77 2016 -80.75 -28.04 2019 -99.08 -32.70 2022 -97.04 -28.05Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 40 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 

### 5.0 STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN APPROVAL

5.1 INTRODUCTION
For an area to be redesignated and have an approved maintenance plan, the SIP must include evidence of compliance with the rules relied on to show maintenance of the standard. This section provides the evidence of compliance with such rules for the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill 1997 8-hour ozone nonattainment area.

5.2 EVIDENCE OF COMPLIANCE
Two counties in the Metrolina area (Gaston and Mecklenburg Counties) were designated as moderate nonattainment for 1-hour ozone e ffective January 1992. Since a redesignation demonstration and maintenance plan was submitted for this area prior to November 15, 1992, the CAA requirements for moderate areas were not re quired with the exception of the inspection and maintenance program. An inspection and maintena nce program was established in the Metrolina area as prescribed by the 1990 CAA. Therefore, North Carolina has a fully approved SIP for this

area.

For the 1997 8-hour ozone standard, the NCDA Q submitted to the USEPA for approval the Metrolina Attainment Demonstration SIP on J une 15, 2007 and a Supplement to the Attainment Demonstration SIP on April 5, 2010. The Reasona ble Further Progress (RFP) SIP was submitted to the USEPA for approval on June 15, 2007 and a Revised RFP SIP was submitted on November 30, 2009.

Additionally, the following rules regulating emi ssions of VOCs and/or NOx in Metrolina nonattainment area counties have been approved, or have been submitted with a request to be approved, as part of the SIP:

15A NCAC 2D .0958, Work Practices For S ources of Volatile Organic Compounds, 15A NCAC 2D .0530, Prevention of Significant Deterioration, 15A NCAC 2D .0925, Petroleum Liquid Storage in Fixed Roof Tanks, 15A NCAC 2D .0926, Bulk Gasoline Plants, 15A NCAC 2D .0927, Bulk Gasoline Terminals, 15A NCAC 2D .0928, Gasoline Se rvice Stations Stage I, 15A NCAC 2D .0932, Gasoline Truck Tanks and Vapor Collection Systems, 15A NCAC 2D .0933 Petroleum Liquid Stor age in External Floating Roof Tanks 15A NCAC 2D .1000, Motor Vehicle Emission Control Standards. 15A NCAC 2D .1200, Control and Em issions from Incinerators 15A NCAC 2D .1409(b), Stationary Internal Combustion Engines 15A NCAC 2D .1416 - .1423, NOx SIP rulesCharlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 41 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 15A NCAC 2D .1600, Ge neral Conformity 15A NCAC 2D .1700, Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, and 15A NCAC 2D .1900, Open Burning 15A NCAC 2D .2000, Transportation Conformity 15A NCAC 2D .2400 Clean Air Interstate Rules

Rules 15A NCAC 2D .0925, .0926, .0927, .0928, .0932, .0933, .0948, .0949, and .0958 have been approved as part of the SIP and are appli cable across the state rega rdless of the size of the

source.
Section 15A NCAC 2D .1000 also regulates em issions from motor vehicles in the North Carolina counties in and around the Metrolina nonattainment area and requires the use of the on board diagnostic system, which will indicate NOx emissions as well as other pollutants.

Section 15A NCAC 2D .1200 regulates the controls a nd emissions from incinera tors. Part of this rule has been submitted as part of the SIP, while .1205, .1206 and .1210 are part of the CAA Section 111(d) plans.

Two rules are conformity related, 15A NCAC 2D .1600 and .2000. General conformity related projects are covered under Sect ion .1600, while transportation conf ormity related projects are covered under Section .2000. Although neither of th ese rules require reduction in emissions, they do ensure that federal acti ons do not hinder atta inment or maintenance of the NAAQS.

North Carolina has adopted an open burning rule, 15A NCAC 2D .1900, that prohibits open burning of vegetative material during Air Qualit y Action Days of Code Orange or higher in forecasted areas of the State. Ozone forecasts are issued for the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill area from May 1 st through September 30 th , therefore this area is covered by this rule.

Section 15A NCAC 2D .2400 regul ates nitrogen oxide emissions from electric generating units with a nameplate capacity of 25 megawatts or mo re producing electricity for sale. Section 15A NCAC 2D .2400 also covers indus trial boilers that ar e covered under the NOx SIP rules. This Section replaces the NOx SIP rules beginning Ja nuary 1, 2009. Although North Carolina did not rely on the emission reductions from CAIR for maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone standard, these regulations will result in additional reductions in NOx emissions regionally.

Another important set of rules th at control volatile organic co mpound emissions in these counties is Section 15A NCAC 2D .1100, Control of Toxic Air Pollutants. These rules, however, have not been submitted to the USEPA to be approved as part of the SIP.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 42 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 There are two other rules that co ntrol emissions of volatile orga nic compounds in these areas. They are 15A NCAC 2D .0524, New Source Pe rformance Standards, and 2D.1110, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant s. Also, rule 2D.1111, Maximum Achievable Control Technology applies to cont rol of emissions of volatile or ganic compounds. They are not part of the SIP, but the USEPA has delegated th e State enforcement authority for standards that have been adopted by the State. (The standa rds adopted by the State are state-enforceable regardless of the USEPA delegation.)Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 43 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 

### 6.0 STATE COMPLIANCE WITH CLE AN AIR ACT REQUIREMENTS Section 107(d)(3)(E)(v) of the CAA requires that th e provisions of Sectio n 110 and part D of the Act be met within the area to be redesignated. This means that North Carolina must meet all requirements, if any, that had come due as of the date of the redesignation request.

The USEPA, in its latest guidance on rede signation requirements (as contained in a memorandum from John Calcagni, Director, Ai r Quality Management Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards to the USEP A Regional Offices dated September 4, 1992, see Appendix A), states that "For th e purposes of redesignation, a State must meet all requirements of Section 110 and Part D that were applicable prior to submittal of the complete redesignation request. When evaluating a redesignation request , Regions should not consider whether the State has met requirements that come due under the Ac t after submittal of a complete redesignation request."

Monitoring is one of the requirements of S ection 110. The NCDAQ commits to continue operating the current ozone monitors in the Nort h Carolina portion of the Metrolina 1997 8-hour ozone nonattainment area, providi ng sufficient funding is availabl e for continued operation. Any monitor shutdowns or relocations will only be ma de with the approval of USEPA. No plans are underway to discontinue operation, relocation or otherwise affect the integrity of the ambient monitoring network in place. The current monitors are operated consistent with 40 CFR Part 58 and any changes will only be made if they are consistent with 40 CFR Part 58.

The NCDAQ has submitted to the USEPA for adoption into the SIP: an attainment demonstration SIP; a reasonable further progre ss SIP; and a reasonable available control technology SIP. The NCDAQ believes that North Carolina has met all of the requirements of Section 110 and Part D.Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro ck Hill, NC-SC 1997 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 44 Redesignation Demonstration and Maintenance Plan November 2, 2011 

### 7.0 CONCLUSION The most recent three years of ozone monitori ng data for the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill nonattainment area demonstrate compliance with the NAAQS for 1997 8-hour ozone. Since the 1990’s, there have been many major programs enact ed in North Carolina that have led to significant actual, enforceable em issions reductions, which have led to improvements in the air quality in the Metrolina area. Additionally, the maintenance plan demonstrates that the projected emissions inventories for 2022, the final year of the maintenance plan and ten years beyond the expected redesignation year, as well as the interim years, are all le ss than the base year emissions inventory. Therefore, maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS has also been demonstrated.

This redesignation demonstration and maintena nce plan has been prepared to meet the requirements of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments.