# Patent

## Title
Spring stem

## Abstract

A stem for a watering nipple for use in supplying water to poultry is provided. At least a portion of the stem is hollow and formed of coiled material in a manner similar to that of a coiled spring such that the stem has a number of turns and minuscule gaps provided between adjacent turns. Upon actuation of the nipple, a water-tight seal is broken such that a portion of the water is directed to flow through the hollow interior of the stem, and preferably directly into the mouth of the poultry. Some water, though, will flow along the outer surface of the stem. Where the coiled material is provided, this water will either be drawn into the hollow interior of the stem through the minuscule gaps, or this water will adhere to the outer surfaces of the stem to attract and allow poultry to drink the water thereon.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE
This application is a Continuation-in-Part of Ser. No. 10/356,930, entitled “Spring Stem” and filed Jan. 30, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,748,899.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a unique construction of a watering nipple for use in supplying water to poultry, other fowl, or small animals. More specifically, the invention relates to a stem formed as a spring for use in a watering nipple that will provide maximum watering to the poultry and minimum drip.
Watering nipples have been used widely for a number of years. The structure of watering nipples has been disclosed, for example, in the following U.S. Pat. Nos.: 2,457,159, 2,486,729, 2,541,369, 2,614,531, 2,939,424, 3,322,101, 3,418,977, 3,716,030, 3,887,165, 4,416,221, 4,896,629, 4,984,537, 5,154,138, 5,193,485, and 6,058,881. However, known watering nipples still have disadvantages and problems associated therewith.
For example, some watering nipples are able to retain only a very small amount of water on their outer surfaces for the poultry to drink as the outer surfaces of the pin or stem of the nipples are relatively smooth, such that water does not adhere well to the outer surfaces.
Other watering nipples have a water passageway through the pin or stem of the nipples to allow the poultry to hold its mouth therearound such that the water will flow directly into the poultry's mouth. Such types of watering nipples, though, failed to prevent a significant amount of water from traveling down the exterior of the pin or stem. These watering nipples also required the drilling of a bore through the center of the steel pin such that they were expensive to manufacture. These watering nipples also required a double seal to ensure that a majority of the water flows through the bore of the pin or stem for proper operation, see U.S. Pat. No. 6,058,881 for example.
Therefore, an improved stem or pin for a watering nipple is needed. The present invention provides such a stem for a watering nipple. Features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon a reading of the attached specification, in combination with a study of the drawings.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A primary object of the invention is to provide a trigger pin or stem for a watering nipple which has a bore therethrough such that a majority of the water within the nipple is forced into the bore of the stem and will flow directly into the bird's open beak.
Another primary object of the invention is to provide a trigger pin or stem for a watering nipple which is in the form of a spring such that a majority of the water of the water that travels down the exterior of the stem is drawn through gaps between the turns of the spring and into the bore of the stem such that it will flow directly into the bird's open beak.
Another primary object of the invention is to provide a trigger pin or stem for a watering nipple which is in the form of a spring such that water on the exterior of the stem which is not drawn through gaps between the turns of the spring will adhere to the stem, serving to attract birds to the nipple.
Another primary object of the invention is to provide a trigger pin or stem for a watering nipple which is inexpensive to manufacture.
An object of the invention is to provide a watering nipple having single sealing member and a trigger pin or stem with a bore therethrough, but which ensures that a majority of the water flows through the bore of the stem for proper valve operation.
Another object of the invention is to provide a trigger pin or stem for a watering nipple which will provide maximum watering to the birds and minimum drip to the surface upon which the birds are drinking from.
Briefly, and in accordance with the foregoing, a trigger pin or stem for a watering nipple for use in supplying water to poultry is provided. At least a portion of the stem is hollow and formed of coiled material in a manner similar to that of a coiled spring such that the stem has a number of turns and minuscule gaps provided between adjacent turns. Upon actuation of the nipple, a water-tight seal is broken such that a portion of the water is directed to flow through the hollow interior of the stem, and preferably directly into the mouth of the poultry. Some water, though, will flow along the outer surface of the stem. Where the coiled material is provided, this water will either be drawn into the hollow interior of the stem through the minuscule gaps, or this water will adhere to the outer surfaces of the stem to attract and allow poultry to drink the water thereon.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The features of the present invention which are believed to be novel are described in detail hereinbelow. The organization and manner of the structure and operation of the invention, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals identify like elements in which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a nipple having a stem which is in accordance with the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of the nipple illustrated in FIG. 1 with the stem positioned within the nipple to prevent liquid from flowing through the nipple;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of the nipple illustrated in FIG. 1 with the stem position within the nipple to allow liquid to flow through the nipple and into and through the stem; and
FIGS. 4A-4L are cross-sectional side views of alternative embodiments of the stem of the invention wherein at least a portion of the stem is formed of a coiled material.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENT
While this invention may be susceptible to embodiment in different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will be described herein in detail, specific embodiments with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered an exemplification of the principles of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to that as illustrated and described herein.
Attention is directed to FIG. 1 which illustrates a nipple 26 which is connected to a watering pipe 24 of a typical watering system for a poultry house. The nipple 26 includes a housing configuration which has an upper body 28, a lower body 30, and an insert 32. The nipple 26 also has a restrictor pin 34, a trigger pin or stem 36 and a ball valve 38.
The upper body 28 includes a pair of resilient arms 40, 42 which function as a saddle to grip one of the pipes 24 and to hold the upper body 28 in its installed position. The upper body 28 further includes a nose portion 44 which is integrally formed with the resilient arms 40, 42 and extends between the resilient arms 40, 42. The nose portion 44 has a bore 46 which extends therethrough. The upper body 28 further includes a cap portion 48 which is integrally formed with the resilient arms 40, 42 and the nose portion 44, and which extends in the opposite direction of the nose portion 44. The cap portion 48 provides a cavity 50 which is in fluid communication with the bore 46 of the nose portion 44. An outer surface 52 of the cap portion 48 is threaded. The upper body 28 is preferably formed of plastic. The nose portion 44 extends through an opening 54 of the pipe 24 to allow water flowing therethrough to flow into the bore 46 of the nose portion 44 and, subsequently, into the cavity 50 defined by the cap portion 48.
The lower body 30 includes an upper cylindrical portion 56 and a lower cylindrical portion 58 which are integrally formed. The upper cylindrical portion 56 has a bore 60 therethrough which defines an inner surface 62 of the upper cylindrical portion 56. The inner surface 62 is threaded. The lower cylindrical portion 58 has a bore 64 therethrough which defines an inner surface 66 of the lower cylindrical portion 58. The bores 60, 64 are in fluid communication with one another and the upper cylindrical portion 56 has an inner diameter which is larger than an inner diameter of the lower cylindrical portion 58. The lower body 30 is preferably formed of plastic. The inner threaded surface 62 of the upper cylindrical portion 56 is capable of threadedly connecting to the outer threaded surface 52 of the cap portion 48 of the upper body 28, such that the cap portion 48 is positioned within the bore 60 of the upper cylindrical portion 56 of the lower body 30, thus placing the cavity 50 in fluid communication with the bore 64.
The insert 32 is pressed-fit into the lower cylindrical portion 58 of the lower body 30 and includes a frusto-conical passage portion 68, an annular surface or valve seat 70, a cylindrical surface or bore 72, a valve seat 74 and a valve seat 76. The frusto-conical passage portion 68 is in fluid communication with the bore 72 and the bore 72 is in fluid communication with the bore 60 of the upper cylindrical portion 56 of the lower body 30 and with the cavity 50 of the cap portion 48 when the lower body 30 is connected to the upper body 28. The insert 32 is preferably formed of metal.
The restrictor pin 34 extends through the bore 46 of the nose portion 44 of the upper body 28 and into the pipe 24 with a clearance selected to provide a restricted and regulated flow of water through the bore 46 of the nose portion 44. The restrictor pin 34 is preferably formed of metal.
The stem 36 includes a head portion 78 and a pin portion 80 which extends therefrom. The head portion 78 and the pin portion 80 are both integrally formed by a coiled material, such as spring steel, in a manner similar to that of a coiled spring. As the head and pin portions 78, 80 are coiled, a bore 82 is formed through the head portion 78 and a bore 84 is formed through the pin portion 80, with the bores 82, 84 being in fluid communication with one another. The head portion 78 has inner and outer surfaces 86, 88 with the inner surface 86 being defined by the bore 82. The pin portion 80 has inner and outer surfaces 90, 92 with the inner surface 90 being defined by the bore 84. The head portion 78 has an inner diameter which is larger than an inner diameter of the pin portion 80 and the head portion 78 has an outer diameter which is larger than an outer diameter of the pin portion 80. Thus, a shoulder 94 is provided between the head and pin portions 78, 80 of the stem 36.
As the head portion 78 is formed of coiled material, the head portion 78 is wound to have a number of turns 96 provided thereon. As utilized herein, a “turn” is defined as a single loop of the coiled material. The head portion 78 preferably has three to four turns 96 provided thereon. Minuscule gaps 98 are provided between each of the adjacent turns 96 on the head portion 78.
As the pin portion 80 is formed of coiled material, the pin portion 80 is wound to have a number of turns 100 provided thereon. The pin portion 80 preferably has eighteen turns 100 provided thereon. Minuscule gaps 102 are provided between each of the adjacent turns 100 on the pin portion 80.
The head portion 78 of the stem 36 is positioned within the bore 72 of the insert 32 such that the shoulder 94 of the stem 36 rests on the valve seat 70 of the insert 32. The pin portion 80 thus extends into and through the frusto-conical passage portion 68 of the insert 32 such that an end portion 104 of the pin portion 80 extends freely from the insert 32 and the lower body 30, and such that the pin portion 80 can be moved within the frusto-conical passageway portion 68 of the insert 32, thus moving the head portion 78 of the stem 36.
The ball valve 38 is positioned to rest against the valve seats 74, 76 of the insert 32 and a top end 106 of the head portion 78 of the stem 32. The ball valve 38 is further positioned within the cavity 50 of the cap portion 48 of the upper body 28. The ball valve 38 provides a water-tight seal between the cavity 50 of the cap portion 48 and the bore 72 and frusto-conical passageway portion 68 of the insert 32. The ball valve 38 is the only seal member provided in the nipple 26. The ball valve 38 is preferably formed of metal.
The operation of the nipple 26 will now be discussed with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. Water flowing through the pipe 24 is allowed to enter the nipple 26 by flowing through the bore 46 of the nose portion 44 of the upper body 28 of the nipple 26. The restrictor pin 34 regulates the flow of the water through the bore 46 of the nose portion 44.
The water which flows into the bore 46 of the nose portion 44 then flows into the cavity 50 of the cap portion 48 of the upper body 28 of the nipple 26. When the nipple 26 is not being actuated, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the ball valve 38 prevents the flow of water from the cavity 50 of the cap portion 48 into the bore 72 of the insert 32 as the ball valve 38 is seated against the valve seats 74, 76 of the insert 32 to provide a water-tight seal between the cavity 50 of the cap portion 48 and the bore 72 of the insert 32. Thus, the ball valve 38 prevents water from flowing through the nipple 26 unless the nipple 26 is actuated by poultry as will be discussed hereinbelow. If water were to flow through the nipple 26 when the nipple 26 was not actuated, water would be wasted and accompanying sanitary problems would follow.
Thus, for water to reach the bore 72 of the insert 32, and ultimately the poultry drinking from the nipple 26, the ball valve 38 must be unseated from the valve seats 74, 76 of the insert 32 to break the water-tight seal provided by the ball valve 38. The poultry accomplishes this by moving the end portion 104 of the pin portion 80, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
Movement of the end portion 104 of the pin portion 80, in turn, moves the head portion 78 of the stem 36, unseating the shoulder 94 of the stem 36 from the valve seat 70 of the insert 32. The ball valve 38 is also moved off of the head portion 78 upon movement of the head portion 78, thus breaking the water-tight seal and allowing water to flow into the bore 72 of the insert 32.
Once the water has reached the bore 72 of the insert 32, a majority of the water will then flow into bore 82 of the head portion 78 of the stem 36, into the bore 84 of the pin portion 80 of the stem 36 and out of the bore 84. As the bore 82 of the head portion 78 of the stem 36 is fairly large, a large portion of the water which flows into the bore 72 of the insert 32 will flow into the bore 82 of the head portion 78 of the stem 36, and thus into the bore 84 of the pin portion 80 such that the poultry need only mouth the entire end portion 104 of the pin portion 80 to assure maximum watering and minimum drip.
The water that does not flow into the bore 82 of the head portion 78 of the stem 36, will flow along the outer surface 88 of the head portion 78 of the stem 36. Of this water, some of it will continue to flow around the shoulder 94 of the stem 36 to the outer surface 92 of the pin portion 80, while some of it will be drawn into the bore 82 of the head portion 78 through the minuscule gaps 98 provided between the adjacent turns 96 on the head portion 78 by capillary action or gravity, thus assuring that even more of the water will flow out of the bore 84 of the pin portion 80, directly into the poultry's mouth.
The water that flows around the shoulder 94 of the stem 36 to the outer surface 92 of the pin portion 80 will either travel down the outer surface 92 of the pin portion 80 toward the end portion 104 thereof or will be drawn into the bore 84 of the pin portion 80 through the minuscule gaps 102 provided between the adjacent turns 100 on the pin portion 80 by capillary action or gravity, thus assuring that even more of the water will flow out of the bore 84 of the pin portion 80, directly into the poultry's mouth. The water that travels down the outer surface 92 of the pin portion 80 tends to adhere to the outer surface 92 of the pin portion 80 as the water will get hung up on the turns 100 of the pin portion 80, thus attracting poultry to, and allowing poultry to drink the water and reducing the amount of drip of the water from the nipple 26 to the surface upon which the poultry is drinking from.
Thus, the stem 36 of the nipple 26 provides many advantages in comparison to stems of other prior art nipple constructions. The turns 96, 100 of the stem 36 allow the water to adhere to the outer surfaces 88, 92 of the stem 36 better than the smooth exterior stem or pin surfaces of prior art nipple constructions, thus serving to better attract birds to the drinker and further improve water consumption by the flock. In the stem 36, more water also actually travels through the center of the stem 36 in comparison to other prior art nipple constructions because the bore 82 of the head portion 78 is larger than the openings of other stems or pins having water passageways therethrough, and because capillary action and/or gravity draws water that would otherwise travel down the outer surface 88, 92 of the stem 36 into the bores 82, 84 of the stem 36 through the minuscule gaps 98, 102, resulting in essentially all of the water traveling down the bore 84 of the pin portion 80 of the stem 36. With all of the water traveling down the bore 84 of the pin portion 80 of the stem 36, improved water consumption is achieved by delivering the water directly into the poultry's open beak. The stem 36 also provides improved economy in manufacturing by producing a hollow trigger pin without the requirement of drilling a bore through the center of a steel pin, as was done in the prior art. The stem 36 also allows the watering nipple 26 to have only a single sealing member 38 all the while achieving the goal of having a majority of the water flow through the bores 82, 84 of the stem 36, as opposed to other prior art watering nipples which require a double seal to have a majority of the water flow through the bore of the stem. One example of a prior art watering nipple having a double seal to ensure that a majority of the water flows through the bore of the stem is U.S. Pat. No. 6,058,881.
It should be noted that the stem 36 could be utilized in other types of nipple configurations other than that as shown and described with nipple 26 such that it would provide many, if not all, of the same benefits in comparison to the prior art. It should also be noted that the nipple 26 and the stem 36 described hereinabove can be used in other types of watering systems for other types of animals, other than poultry. It should further be noted that other types of liquid, other than water, could also be dispensed by the nipple 26 and the stem 36.
Alternative embodiments of the stem 36 are illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4L and are referenced as stems 36a-36l, respectively, and where like reference numerals in FIGS. 4A-4L and FIGS. 1-3 denote like elements.
FIG. 4A illustrates stem 36a which has a head portion 78a and a pin portion 80a which extends therefrom. The head portion 78a and the pin portion 80a may be integrally formed, or may be secured to one another by other suitable means, such as, for instance, welding or adhesives. The head portion 78a is preferably formed of a solid material, such as stainless steel or plastic. The pin portion 80a is identical to the pin portion 80 of FIGS. 1-3.
FIG. 4B illustrates stem 36b which has a head portion 78b and a pin portion 80b which extends therefrom. The head portion 78b and the pin portion 80b may be integrally formed, or may be secured to one another by other suitable means, such as, for instance, welding or adhesives. The pin portion 80b is identical to the pin portion 80 of FIGS. 1-3. The head portion 78b is identical to the head portion 78a of FIG. 4A, except that the head portion 78b has inner and outer surfaces 86b, 88b with the inner surface 86b being defined by a bore 82b, which is in communication with the bore 84b of the pin portion 80b. 
FIG. 4C illustrates stem 36c which has a head portion 78c and a pin portion 80c which extends therefrom. The head portion 78c and the pin portion 80c may be integrally formed, or may be secured to one another by other suitable means, such as, for instance, welding or adhesives. The head portion 78c is identical to the head portion 78a of FIG. 4A. The pin portion 80c is identical to the pin portion 80 of FIGS. 1-3, except that the pin portion 80c has a first portion 81c which is formed of the coiled material and a second portion 83c which is formed of a solid material, which preferably has a bore 85c provided therethrough.
FIG. 4D illustrates stem 36d which has a head portion 78d and a pin portion 80d which extends therefrom. The head portion 78d and the pin portion 80d may be integrally formed, or may be secured to one another by other suitable means, such as, for instance, welding or adhesives. The head portion 78d is identical to the head portion 78b of FIG. 4B. The pin portion 80d is identical to the pin portion 80c of FIG. 4C.
FIG. 4E illustrates a stem 36e which has a head portion 78e and a pin portion 80e which extends therefrom. The head portion 78e and the pin portion 80e may be integrally formed, or may be secured to one another by other suitable means, such as, for instance, welding or adhesives. The head portion 78e is identical to the head portion 78 of FIGS. 1-3. The pin portion 80e is identical to the pin portion 80c of FIG. 4C.
FIG. 4F illustrates a stem 36f which has a head portion 78f and a pin portion 80f which extends therefrom. The head portion 78f and the pin portion 80f may be integrally formed, or may be secured to one another by other suitable means, such as, for instance, welding or adhesives. The head portion 78f is identical to the head portion 78 of FIGS. 1-3. The pin portion 80f is preferably formed of a solid material, such as stainless steel or plastic, which preferably has a bore 84f provided therethrough, which is in communication with the bore 82f through the head portion 78f. 
FIG. 4G illustrates a stem 36g which has a head portion 78g and a pin portion 80g which extends therefrom. The pin portion 80g is identical to the pin portion 80 of FIGS. 1-3. The head portion 78g is identical to the head portion 78 of FIGS. 1-3, except that the head portion 78g has a first portion 79g which is formed of the coiled material and a second portion 87g which is formed of a solid material.
FIG. 4H illustrates a stem 36h which has a head portion 78h and a pin portion 80h which extends therefrom. The pin portion 80h is identical to the pin portion 80 of FIGS. 1-3. The head portion 78h is identical to the head portion 78g of FIG. 4G, except that the second portion 87h of the head portion 78h has a bore 89h which extends therethrough.
FIG. 4I illustrates a stem 36i which has a head portion 78i and a pin portion 80i which extends therefrom. The head portion 78i is identical to the head portion 78g of FIG. 4G. The pin portion 80i is identical to the pin portion 80f of FIG. 4F.
FIG. 4J illustrates a stem 36j which has a head portion 78j and a pin portion 80j which extends therefrom. The head portion 78j is identical to the head portion 78h of FIG. 4H. The pin portion 80j is identical to the pin portion 80f of FIG. 4F.
FIG. 4K illustrates a stem 36k which has a head portion 78k and a pin portion 80k which extends therefrom. The head portion 78k is identical to the head portion 78g of FIG. 4G. The pin portion 80k is identical to the pin portion 80c of FIG. 4C.
FIG. 4L illustrates a stem 36l which has a head portion 78l and a pin portion 80l which extends therefrom. The head portion 78l is identical to the head portion 78h of FIG. 4H. The pin portion 80l is identical to the pin portion 80c of FIG. 4C.
It is to be understood that other variations of the stem 36 could be formed and provided, and it is to be further understood that any stem 36 which has at least a portion of either the head or pin portions thereof formed of a coiled material, as described hereinabove, is considered to be within the spirit and scope of this invention and embodied within this invention.
The head portions 78a-78l all have an outer diameter which is larger than an outer diameter of the pin portions 80a-80l. Thus, a shoulder 94a-94l is provided between the head portion 78a-78l and the pin portion 80a-80l of the stem 36a-36l. 
The stems 36a-36l are positioned within the nipple 26 in an identical fashion as is the stem 36 and, therefore, will not be discussed herein. The operation of the nipple 26 is also identical with regard to the stems 36a-36l as it is with regard to the stem 36, except that of course where no bore is provided through either a portion or a whole of the head portions 78a-78l or the pin portions 80a-80l, the water flowing through the pipe 24 cannot flow therethrough, and except that of course where either a portion or a whole of the head portions 78a-78l or the pin portions 80a-80l is not formed of the coiled material, the water flowing on the outer surfaces of the portion or the whole of the head portions 78a-78l or the pin portions 80a-80l will not be drawn into the bores of the portion or the whole of the head portions 78a-78l or the pin portions 80a-80l by capillary action or gravity or otherwise.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown and described, it is envisioned that those skilled in the art may devise various modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A stem for use in a nipple particularly adapted for feeding liquid to fowl and/or small animals, said stem comprising:
a head portion; and 
a pin portion extending from said head portion, said head portion having an outer diameter which is larger than an outer diameter of said pin portion such that a shoulder is defined between said head portion and said pin portion, 
wherein at least one of said head and pin portions has at least one portion thereof which is formed of a coiled material such that said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions has inner and outer surfaces, said inner surface being defined by a bore provided through said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions.

2. A stem as defined in claim 1, wherein said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions is provided with at least one turn and wherein the liquid fed to the fowl and/or small animals is capable of flowing along said outer surface of said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions and adhering to said outer surface of said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions on said at least one turn.

3. A stem as defined in claim 2, wherein said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions has a plurality of turns and minuscule gaps provided between adjacent turns, and wherein a large portion of the liquid capable of flowing along said outer surface of said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions is drawn into said bore of said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions through said minuscule gaps.

4. A stem as defined in claim 1, wherein said head portion is integrally formed with said pin portion.

5. A stem as defined in claim 1, wherein said coiled material of said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions is spring steel.

6. A stem as defined in claim 1, wherein said shoulder of said stem rests on a seat of the nipple such that the pin portion projects from the nipple to be actuated by the fowl and/or small animals.

7. A stem as defined in claim 1, wherein said pin portion has said at least one portion thereof which is formed of a coiled material.

8. A stem as defined in claim 7, wherein said at least one portion of said pin portion comprises all of said pin portion.

9. A stem as defined in claim 8, wherein said head portion is formed of a solid material.

10. A stem as defined in claim 9, wherein said head portion has inner and outer surfaces, said inner surface of said head portion being defined by a bore provided through said head portion, said bore of said head portion being in communication with said bore of said pin portion, whereby the liquid fed to the fowl and/or small animals is capable of flowing through said bores of said head and pin portions.

11. A stem as defined in claim 8, wherein a first portion of said head portion is formed of a coiled material such that said first portion has inner and outer surfaces, said inner surface of said first portion being defined by a bore provided through said first portion, and wherein a second portion of said head portion is formed of a solid material.

12. A stem as defined in claim 11, wherein said second portion of said head portion has inner and outer surfaces, said inner surface of said second portion of said head portion being defined by a bore provided through said second portion of said head portion, said bore of said second portion of said head portion being in communication with said bore of said first portion of said head portion.

13. A stem as defined in claim 12, wherein said bore of said second portion of said head portion is in communication with said bore of said pin portion.

14. A stem as defined in claim 7, wherein a first portion of said pin portion is formed of said coiled material such that said bore extends through said first portion of said pin portion, and wherein a second portion of said pin portion is formed of a solid material.

15. A stem as defined in claim 14, wherein said second portion of said pin portion has inner and outer surfaces, said inner surface of said second portion of said pin portion being defined by a bore provided through said second portion of said pin portion, said bore of said first portion of said pin portion being in communication with said bore of said second portion of said pin portion.

16. A stem as defined in claim 14, wherein said head portion is formed of a solid material.

17. A stem as defined in claim 16, wherein said head portion has inner and outer surfaces, said inner surface of said head portion being defined by a bore extending through said head portion.

18. A stem as defined in claim 17, wherein said bore of said head portion is in communication with said bore of said first portion of said pin portion.

19. A stem as defined in claim 14, wherein said head portion is formed of a coiled material, said head portion having inner and outer surfaces, said inner surface of said head portion being defined by a bore extending through said head portion.

20. A stem as defined in claim 19, wherein said bore of said head portion is in communication with said bore of said first portion of said pin portion.

21. A stem as defined in claim 1, wherein said head portion has said at least one portion thereof which is formed of a coiled material.

22. A stem as defined in claim 21, wherein said at least one portion of said head portion comprises all of said head portion.

23. A stem as defined in claim 22, wherein said pin portion is formed of a solid material.

24. A stem as defined in claim 23, wherein said pin portion has inner and outer surfaces, said inner surface of said pin portion being defined by a bore provided through said pin portion, said bore of said pin portion being in communication with said bore of said head portion, whereby the liquid fed to the fowl and/or small animals is capable of flowing through said bores of said head and pin portions.

25. A stem as defined in claim 22, wherein a first portion of said pin portion is formed of a coiled material such that said first portion has inner and outer surfaces, said inner surface of said first portion being defined by a bore provided through said first portion of said pin portion, and wherein a second portion of said pin portion is formed of a solid material.

26. A stem as defined in claim 25, wherein said second portion of said pin portion has inner and outer surfaces, said inner surface of said second portion of said pin portion being defined by a bore provided through said second portion of said pin portion, said bore of said second portion of said pin portion being in communication with said bore of said first portion of said pin portion.

27. A stem as defined in claim 26, wherein said bore of said second portion of said pin portion is in communication with said bore of said head portion.

28. A stem as defined in claim 21, wherein a first portion of said head portion is formed of said coiled material such that said bore extends through said first portion of said head portion, and wherein a second portion of said head portion is formed of a solid material.

29. A stem as defined in claim 28, wherein said second portion of said head portion has inner and outer surfaces, said inner surface of said second portion of said head portion being defined by a bore provided through said second portion of said head portion, said bore of said first portion of said head portion being in communication with said bore of said second portion of said head portion.

30. A stem as defined in claim 28, wherein said pin portion is formed of a solid material.

31. A stem as defined in claim 30, wherein said pin portion has inner and outer surfaces, said inner surface of said pin portion being defined by a bore extending through said pin portion.

32. A stem as defined in claim 31, wherein said bore of said pin portion is in communication with said bore of said first portion of said head portion.

33. A stem as defined in claim 28, wherein said pin portion is formed of a coiled material, said head portion having inner and outer surfaces, said inner surface of said pin portion being defined by a bore extending through said pin portion.

34. A stem as defined in claim 33, wherein said bore of said pin portion is in communication with said bore of said first portion of said head portion.

35. A nipple particularly adapted for feeding liquid to fowl and/or small animals, said nipple comprising:
a housing having a passageway through which the liquid can pass, said housing further having a first valve seat and a second valve seat; 
a stem having a head portion and a pin portion extending therefrom, said head portion having an outer diameter which is larger than an outer diameter of said pin portion such that a shoulder is defined between said head portion and said pin portion, said should being seated on said first valve seat such that said head portion is positioned within said housing and such that an end portion of said pin portion projects out of said housing, and wherein at least one of said head and pin portions has at least one portion thereof which is formed of a coiled material such that said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions has inner and outer surfaces, said inner surface being defined by a bore provided through said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions; and 
a sealing member seated on said second valve seat in order to prevent the liquid from passing through said passageway of said housing to said stem, said sealing member being displaceable upon movement of said stem such that liquid is allowed to pass from said passageway of said housing to said stem.

36. A nipple as defined in claim 35, wherein said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions is provided with at least one turn and wherein the liquid fed to the fowl and/or small animals is capable of flowing along said outer surface of said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions and adhering to said outer surface of said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions on said at least one turn.

37. A nipple as defined in claim 36, wherein said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions has a plurality of turns and minuscule gaps provided between adjacent turns, and wherein a large portion of the liquid capable of flowing along said outer surface of said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions is drawn into said bore of said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions through said minuscule gaps.

38. A nipple as defined in claim 35, wherein said head portion is integrally formed with said pin portion.

39. A nipple as defined in claim 35, wherein said coiled material of said at least one portion of said at least one of said head and pin portions is spring steel.