Fourth Court of Appeals

San Antonio, Texas

MEMORANDUM OPINION

No. 04-11-00887-CV

Yevgenia SHOCKOME,

Appellant

v.

Timothy

Timothy SHOCKOME,

Appellee

From the 218th Judicial District Court, Atascosa County, Texas

Trial Court No. 09-02-00030-CVK

Honorable Fred Shannon, Judge Presiding1

Opinion by: Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice

Sitting: Karen Angelini, Justice

Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice

Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice

Delivered and Filed: July 24, 2013

AFFIRMED

In the underlying cause, numerous motions have been filed by both parties—appellee 

Timothy Shockome and appellant Yevgenia Shockome—pertaining to the child support and child 

custody obligations arising out of a 2006 Amended Judgment of Divorce. The 2006 judgment was 

entered by a New York court but was registered in Texas pursuant to a motion filed by Yevgenia. 

1 This court has jurisdiction to consider the challenges made in this appeal as to two orders. The first order, relating 

to unreimbursed health insurance premiums and health care expenses, was signed by the Honorable Fred Shannon on 

October 21, 2011. The second order, relating to a motion to recuse, was signed by the Honorable Pat Priest on 

February 14, 2012.

 
04-11-00887-CV

In this appeal, Yevgenia challenges various orders entered by the trial court; however, two 

appellate concepts constrain our consideration of several issues raised by Yevgenia in her brief, 

namely, jurisdiction and preservation of error.

BACKGROUND

As previously noted, both parties have filed numerous motions in the underlying cause 

seeking to enforce or modify the provisions in the New York divorce decree pertaining to child 

support and child custody. After a hearing on May 27, 2011, the trial court signed an order on 

October 21, 2011, enforcing the provisions in the divorce decree ordering Yevgenia to pay a 

percentage of the children’s health insurance premiums and health care expenses not covered by 

health insurance. The trial court also signed temporary orders relating to child support and child 

custody on July 3, 2011. Finally, on January 3, 2012, Yevgenia filed a motion to recuse the trial 

judge who was specially appointed to preside over the underlying cause. The motion was referred 

by the presiding administrative judge to the Honorable Pat Priest, who conducted a hearing and 

signed an order denying the motion on February 14, 2012.

JURISDICTION AND PRESERVATION OF ERROR

Yevgenia’s brief contains various complaints about the trial court’s actions in modifying 

child support and child custody; however, those actions pertain to the temporary orders signed by 

the trial court on July 3, 2011. This court does not have jurisdiction to consider any issues raised 

by Yevgenia relating to the temporary orders. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 105.001(e) (West 

2008) (“Temporary orders rendered under this section are not subject to interlocutory appeal.”). 

Accordingly, those issues are dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. This opinion does not preclude 

Yevgenia from challenging the trial court’s rulings after final orders are entered.

In general, a party must preserve any complaints for appellate review by (1) making the 

complaint known to the trial judge by a timely request, objection, or motion stating the grounds 

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for the ruling; and (2) obtaining a ruling. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1; Serv. Corp. Int’l v. Guerra, 

348 S.W.3d 221, 234 (Tex. 2011). In this appeal, Yevgenia raises numerous issues in her brief 

that were not preserved for our review.

After reviewing and analyzing Yevgenia’s brief in light of these two appellate concepts, 

this court will limit its consideration to the following issues raised in Yevgenia’s brief: (1) whether 

the trial court erred in enforcing a New York divorce decree that was entered in violation of a 

bankruptcy court’s automatic stay; (2) whether Yevgenia received proper notice of the May 27, 

2011 hearing; (3) whether the trial court erred in ordering the reimbursement of health care 

insurance premiums and expenses that were paid after the date of the motion to enforce but prior 

to the hearing; (4) whether the evidence is sufficient to support the trial court’s order; and (5) 

whether the trial court erred in denying Yevgenia’s motion to recuse.

ENFORCEABILITY OF NEW YORK DIVORCE DECREE

Yevgenia contends on appeal that the amended divorce decree was entered by the New 

York court in violation of a bankruptcy court’s automatic stay; therefore, the provisions contained 

in the decree relating to children’s health insurance premiums and health care expenses could not 

be enforced by the trial court. As previously noted, however, Yevgenia moved for the New York 

divorce decree to be registered in this state pursuant to section 152.305 of the Texas Family Code. 

See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 152.305 (West 2008). Section 152.305 contains prerequisites to a 

party contesting the validity of a registered order, including deadlines for notice and the filing of 

a contest. See id. Section 152.305(f) states, “Confirmation of a registered order, whether by 

operation of law or after notice and hearing, precludes further contest of the order with respect to 

any matter that could have been asserted at the time of registration.” Id. § 152.305(f). As the 

movant for registration, Yevgenia did not contest the validity of the New York divorce decree on 

any grounds. Accordingly, she is precluded from contesting the order in this appeal.

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04-11-00887-CV

NOTICE OF HEARING

Yevgenia contends the trial court erred in proceeding with the hearing on May 27, 2011, 

because she was not personally served with notice of the setting. The record reflects, however, 

that Yevgenia was personally served with notice of a hearing set for August 31, 2010, on all 

pending motions, including the motion to enforce pertaining to the health insurance premiums and 

health care expenses. Yevgenia personally appeared at the hearing, but her attorney objected to 

proceeding on the motion to enforce because Yevgenia was personally served with that motion 

only one day before the date of the hearing. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 157.062(c) (West 2008) 

(requiring respondent to be personally served with a copy of a motion to enforce “not later than 

the tenth day before the date of the hearing”). After the trial court heard evidence and entered a 

temporary order reducing the amount of child support Yevgenia was required to pay, the trial court 

reserved the issues relating to the motion to enforce for a subsequent hearing. 

Yevgenia contends that she was entitled to personal service of the subsequent setting 

pursuant to Texas Family Code section 157.062. Yevgenia’s contention ignores the effect of her 

personal appearance at the initial setting for which she was personally served with notice. The 

only objection Yevgenia made at the initial setting was that she was provided with less than ten 

days’ notice of the hearing. Accordingly, the trial court reserved the issues relating to the motion 

to enforce for a subsequent hearing. Notice of the subsequent setting was thereafter governed by 

Rule 245 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, which requires only reasonable notice to the 

parties. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 245; Knight v. Knight, 131 S.W.3d 535, 542 (Tex. App.—El Paso 

2004, no pet.). In this case, the record reflects that Yevgenia’s attorney was provided with 

reasonable notice and agreed to the reset date. Notice to Yevgenia’s attorney and his agreement 

to the reset date was reasonable notice as required by the rules. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 245; Knight, 

131 S.W.3d at 542.

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POST-MOTION PREMIUMS AND EXPENSES

Yevgenia contends the trial court erred in failing to limit its enforcement order to her failure 

to pay her portion of the health insurance premiums and health care expenses specifically listed in 

the motion. Section 157.002(e) of the Texas Family Code provides, “The movant may allege 

repeated past violations of the order and that future violations of a similar nature may occur before 

the date of the hearing.” TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 157.002(e) (West 2008). In accordance with 

section 157.002(e), the motion for enforcement filed by Timothy in the underlying cause stated 

that he believed Yevgenia would continue to fail to comply with the order based on her past 

violations and requested relief for each failure from the date the motion was filed until the date of 

the hearing. These allegations provided Yevgenia with sufficient notice of Timothy’s intention to 

enforce her failure to pay health insurance premiums and her failure to reimburse health care 

expenses which accrued between the date of the motion and the date of the hearing. See Ex parte 

Occhipenti, 796 S.W.2d 805, 810 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1990, no writ).

SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE

Yevgenia asserts the evidence is insufficient to support various findings underlying the 

trial court’s order. “We review the trial court’s ruling on a post-divorce motion for enforcement 

of a divorce decree under an abuse-of-discretion standard.” Morales v. Rice, 388 S.W.3d 376, 381 

(Tex. App.—El Paso 2012, no pet.); In re T.J.L., 97 S.W.3d 257, 265 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th 

Dist.] 2002, no pet.). “In determining whether the trial court abused its discretion, we engage in a 

two-pronged analysis: (1) did the trial court have sufficient information upon which to exercise its 

discretion; and (2) did the trial court err in its application of discretion?” Morales, 388 S.W.3d at 

381. “The traditional sufficiency standards apply to the first question.” Id.

With regard to Yevgenia’s ability to pay, the trial court heard evidence of Yevgenia’s 

finances at its initial hearing, which included a pay stub reflecting Yevgenia’s earnings. With 

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regard to the amount of health insurance premiums and unreimbursed health care expenses, 

Yevgenia contends the copies of the actual medical bills were not introduced into evidence. The 

record, however, contains Timothy’s pay stub, establishing the amount he paid for the children’s 

health insurance. The record also contains Timothy’s testimony summarizing the payments he 

made for the children’s health care expenses. This is sufficient evidence to support the trial court’s 

findings with regard to the arrearage amount. See In re M.P.M., 161 S.W.3d 650, 660 (Tex. App.—

San Antonio 2005, no pet.) (noting evidence as to which medical expenses were not covered by 

health insurance could be shown through testimony or other evidence); In re J.C.K., 143 S.W.3d 

131, 142–43 (Tex. App.—Waco 2004, no pet.) (concluding that the mother’s testimony regarding 

health care expenses she incurred was sufficient evidence to support award of those expenses). 

With regard to the award of attorney’s fees, the testimony by Timothy’s attorney is sufficient to 

support that award. See Garcia v. Gomez, 319 S.W.3d 638, 641 (Tex. 2010).

Yevgenia also contends the trial court erred in ordering her to pay the health insurance 

premiums and health care expenses as child support because New York law excuses the payment 

of child support for any period of time a parent is deprived of his or her custody or visitation rights. 

In his motion, however, Timothy sought reimbursement only for expenses incurred in and after 

July of 2009. In April of 2009, the trial court in Texas already had entered temporary orders 

governing visitation, and New York law would not apply to those temporary orders.

MOTION TO RECUSE

A trial court’s order denying a motion to recuse is reviewed under an abuse of discretion 

standard. Nairn v. Killeen Indep. Sch. Dist., 366 S.W.3d 229, 250 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2012, no 

pet.). “We consider the totality of the evidence and information presented at the recusal hearing 

to see if the record reveals sufficient evidence to support the conclusion that the trial judge was 

unbiased.” Id. The record in this case does not contain a reporter’s record from the hearing on 

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Yevgenia’s motion to recuse. In the absence of such a record, we cannot review the order denying 

the motion to recuse for abuse of discretion, and nothing is presented for review. See Parker v.

Textron Fin. Corp., No. 04-12-00564-CV, 2013 WL 979208, at *1 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Mar. 

13, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op.); Birnbaum v. Law Offices of G. David Westfall, P.C., 120 S.W.3d 

470, 476 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2003, pet. denied).

CONCLUSION

The trial court’s orders signed October 21, 2011, and February 14, 2012, are affirmed.

Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice

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