Permian(Unconven-onal(Water(Management:(

Collabora-on(to(Develop(Full(Cycle(Solu-ons(

Presented(by(Kris-e(S.(McLin

ConocoPhillips(Company

October(7,(2015(
ConocoPhillips’(Global(Water(Sustainability(Posi>on(

2( October(7,(2015(

h?p://www.conocophillips.com/sustainableEdevelopment/ourEapproach/livingEbyEourEprinciples/posi>ons/Pages/waterEsustainability.aspx(
Introduc>on(

• ConocoPhillips(is(commi?ed(to(crea>ng(a(responsible(water(

management(plan(in(the(Delaware(Basin(of(West(Texas(

• Limited(surface(and(groundwater(resources(available(for(use(

in(large(mul>Efrac(s>mula>ons(

• Oil(and(gas(wells(in(the(area(produce(significant(amounts(of(

water(that(tradi>onally(require(disposal(in(injec>on(wells(

• Tremendous(opportunity(available(to(reuse(produced(water(

for(comple>ons(

• Developing(a(holis>c(water(management(strategy(requires(

an(integrated(interdisciplinary(effort(to(address(the(full(life(

cycle(of(water(

3( October(7,(2015(
4( October(7,(2015(

Loca>on(
Delaware(Basin(

• The(Permian(Unconven>onal(asset(is(accessing(a(stacked(play(

with(mul>ple(produc>ve(intervals(

• Water(supply,(transfer,(and(disposal(can(represent(an(

average(of(20%(of(well(comple>on(costs(

• Water(to(oil(ra>os(are(typically(3:1(and(above(for(all(

forma>ons(accessed(for(produc>on,(so(produced(water(

disposal(cost(can(represent(over(25%(of(liYing(costs(

• During(explora>on(and(early(development,(minimal(

infrastructure(is(in(place(to(support(water(demand(for(

comple>ons(and(produced(water(disposal(

• Produced(water(reuse(in(comple>ons(could(mi>gate(both(

water(supply(and(produced(water(disposal(limita>ons(

5( October(7,(2015(
Holis>c(Water(Management(

All(water(management(solu>ons(must(meet(the(following(

criteria:(

• All(solu>ons(must(be(safe,(environmentally(responsible,(

sustainable,(and(economic(

• All(water(required(for(hydraulic(fracturing(opera>ons(

delivered(in(a(>mely(manner(to(meet(the(development(

schedule(

• Minimize(trucking/hauling(of(water(whenever(appropriate(

• Reuse(produced(water(for(s>mula>on(whenever(

appropriate(

• Reuse(or(dispose(of(all(produced(water(such(that(

produc>on(targets(can(be(achieved(

6( October(7,(2015(
Decision(Analysis:(Integrated(Mul>disciplinary(Team(

• Completions and Drilling Engineering 

• Reservoir Engineering 

• Development Engineering 

• Geoscience 

• Technology 

• Strategic Sourcing, Supply Chain 

• Operations and Production 

• HSE 

• Land, Surface, Legal, Regulatory 

7( October(7,(2015(

Source(

Store(

Transfer(

Reuse(

Dispose(

How do we add maximum 

value to the Delaware 

Basin development plans 

by managing the water 

cycle to safely and reliably 

provide water sourcing, 

transfer, storage, reuse, 

and disposal?
Decision(Analysis:(Process(

8( October(7,(2015(
Water(Management(Strategy(as(Con>nuum(

• Ini>ally,(the(team(had(set(out(to(select(one(strategy(

for(implementa>on(that(would(fit(all(required(

criteria(

• As(the(team(detailed(and(evaluated(the(strategies,(it(

became(apparent(that(water(management(strategy(

was(a(con>nuum(from(shortEterm(into(the(full(field(

development(plan(

• With(this(shiY(in(thinking,(the(team(was(able(to(

enact(shortEterm(strategy(that(could(immediately(

improve(costs(without(immediately(and(extensively(

inves>ng(in(infrastructure(

9( October(7,(2015(
Produced(Water(Reuse:(Water(Treatment(Goals(

• The(produced(water(must(not(pose(a(safety(risk(to(

opera>onal(personnel(

• The(produced(water(must(have(an(inexpensive,(fit(

for(purpose(water(treatment(plan(

• The(produced(water(must(perform(comparably(to(

the(fresh(water(that(was(used(before(in(fracture(

s>mula>ons(

• The(produced(water(must(not(cause(any(long(term(

produc>on(issues(or(“life(of(the(well”(problems(

10( October(7,(2015(
Produced(Water(Reuse:(Site(Setup(

• Water(treatment(on(

well(pad(

• Secondary(

containment(under(

frac(tanks(and(

treatment(

equipment(

• No(interference(

with(onsite(

comple>on(

ac>vi>es(

11( October(7,(2015(
Produced(Water(Reuse:(Treatment(

• The(basic(equa>on(for(reac>on(of(iron’s(reac>on(with(hydrogen(peroxide(is(shown(

below:(

• The(product((ferric(hydroxide)(is(precipitated(out(at(mildly(basic(condi>ons(

• The(addi>on(of(H2O2(to(the(iron(ini>ally(lowers(the(pH(as(OHE(is(consumed(

• Adding(caus>c(can(help(the(iron(colloid(and(be(filtered(

12( October(7,(2015(
Produced(Water(Reuse:(Treatment(

• As(the(pH(increases,(the(Fe2+

(ferrous)(oxidizes(to(Fe3+

(ferric))(

• Oxidizers(make(this(reac>on(

instantaneous((

• Mul>ple(chemicals(can(be(used(

for(iron(removal,(but(H2O2(is(

easily(available(and(very(

effec>ve(

13( October(7,(2015(

Stumm%and%Morgan,%1996%
Produced(Water(Reuse:(Treatment(

14( October(7,(2015(
Results(and(Conclusions(

• Collabora>ve(development(of(full(cycle(water(management(

solu>ons(has(driven(immediate(and(near(term(cost(

reduc>on,(including(50%(reduc>on(in(disposal(cost(with(

strategy(implementa>on(

• Line(of(sight(to(favorable(long(term(economics,(sustainability,(

and(resource(security(for(Delaware(Basin(assets(

• Strategy(development(should(be(shared(amongst(various(

resources(and(disciplines(to(address(all(stakeholder(concerns(

• Strong(communica>on(and(collabora>on(are(required(to(

ensure(short(term(strategy(decisions(will(not(impair(long(

term(strategic(goals(

15( October(7,(2015(
Acknowledgements/Thank(You/Ques>ons(

• As(referenced(mul>ple(>mes(in(this(paper,(this(work(is(the(collabora>on(of(asset(

management,(team(leads,(and(dedicated(individual(contributors.(The(authors(would(

like(to(thank(the(en>re(Midcon>nent(Business(Unit(and(Lower(48(water(

management(team(for(their(contribu>ons(to(this(study.(Addi>onally,(the(authors(

would(like(to(thank(the(asset(management(and(ConocoPhillips(for(allowing(us(to(

publish(this(paper.(

16( October(7,(2015(