Filed 11/19/13 In re F.K. CA2/3

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

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publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115(a).

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION THREE

In re F.K., et al., Persons Coming Under 

the Juvenile Court Law.

B246184

(Los Angeles County

LOS ANGELES COUNTY 

DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND 

FAMILY SERVICES,

Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

GEORGE K.,

Defendant and Appellant.

Super. Ct. No. CK93686)

APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, 

Sherri S. Sobel, Juvenile Court Referee. (Pursuant to Cal. Const., art. VI, § 21.) 

Affirmed.

Mitchell Keiter, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and 

Appellant.

Office of the County Counsel, John F. Krattli, County Counsel, 

James M. Owens, Assistant County Counsel, and Peter Ferrera, Senior Deputy County 

Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.

___________________________________________
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George K., father of nine-year-old F.K., appeals from the judgment of the 

juvenile court. He challenges the court’s jurisdictional findings that father’s drug use 

and the presence of weapons and illicit drugs around the home endangered F.’s health 

and safety. Father also argues that there was insufficient evidence to support the court’s 

order removing F. from his custody. We disagree and affirm.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

On March 2, 2012, the Department received a referral alleging that mother had 

physically abused F. by grabbing her neck. The Department investigated the referral 

and found it to be “inconclusive for physical abuse.” However, while conducting a 

home visit in April 2012, the Department’s social worker noticed “a little baggie with 

white stuff in it” on father’s arm while he was sitting on the couch. Father 

acknowledged that the “baggie” appeared to contain drugs, and suggested that it 

belonged to a guest who had sat on the couch the day before. When law enforcement 

came to investigate, father informed the deputies that he had flushed the substance down 

the toilet.

On May 23, 2012, the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department executed 

a search warrant at mother and father’s home to investigate a kidnapping. The police 

had received a report that father had held an individual captive in his garage and had 

tortured him. According to the police report, father was a “known drug user and 

dealer.”

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 The victim reported that father had hit him with a gun, poured acetone over 

 

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Father’s criminal history includes three convictions for possession of a controlled 

substance between 2001 and 2005.
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his head, had threatened to kill him and his pregnant fiancée, and had carved the word 

“lame” across his abdomen with a heated knife while the victim’s hands were tied.

When law enforcement searched mother and father’s home, they found three 

known gang members in the garage, as well as two knives used in connection with the 

torture of the kidnapping victim, a hypodermic needle commonly used to administer 

heroin, and gang tagging and graffiti associated with the Rivera Trece gang on the walls 

of the garage. Directly outside of the garage were a methamphetamine pipe and 

a marijuana pipe. The officers also found a handgun in the driveway that was allegedly

used in connection with the torture of the kidnapping victim.

Father was arrested. After his arrest, father admitted to officers that he worked 

for the gang, that the kidnapping victim had been held captive in his garage, that father

was present during the torturing of the victim, and that he and other gang members “do 

dope and get high in the garage.” He also acknowledged that F. often came into the 

garage.

The Department’s social worker interviewed each member of the household. 

Mother said that father was “always in the garage,” that she never went into the garage, 

and that she did not know what father did in there. However, mother acknowledged that 

she suspected that father was engaged in illegal activity in the garage. Mother knew 

that father had a history of dealing and using drugs, and said that, after the police raid, 

she had found methamphetamine pipes in the garage. Based on this evidence, she 

believed that father was using drugs. F. said that she had gone into the garage three 

times but that she had not seen any drugs or needles in the house or garage. Maternal 
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grandmother, who also lived in the family home, stated that father had stopped eating 

with the family in mid-April, that he was “always” in the garage with “strange people,”

and that he demonstrated “ ‘very strange and odd behavior.’ ”

A petition was filed on May 29, 2012, alleging that father’s involvement in 

a kidnapping, the presence of drug paraphernalia and weapons in the garage, and 

father’s use of illicit drugs endangered F.’s physical health and safety, among other 

allegations.2 The petition also alleged that mother’s prior conviction of willful cruelty 

to children endangered F.3

On May 29, 2012, the court ordered that F. be detained from both mother and 

father. An amended petition was filed on July 13, 2012, which alleged that mother 

should have known that father was involved in gang activities in the garage and had 

failed to protect F. from such activity thereby putting her at risk of serious physical 

harm.

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On December 7, 2012, the court adjudicated the petition. At that time, father was 

in jail pending his criminal trial. Mother signed a waiver giving up her trial rights. 

Father’s counsel argued that F. did not know what happened in the garage, that the drug 

 

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The petition also alleged that F.’s older brother was endangered by this activity, 

however, he is not a subject of this appeal.

3 Mother was convicted in 2004 for willful cruelty to children after she was 

arrested for driving under the influence of methamphetamine with her children in the 

car.

4 An amended petition was also filed on behalf of mother’s third child who was 

born on June 24, 2012. It is unclear whether father is also challenging the court’s orders 

with respect to this child, however, he has no standing to do so because he is only that 

child’s alleged father. (In re Karla C. (2003) 113 Cal.App.4th 166, 179.)
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paraphernalia and weapons found in the garage did not belong to father, and that father

did not use illicit drugs. The court found that father had endangered F. because a hand 

gun, drug pipes and a hypodermic needle were found within access of F., and because 

father had a history of illicit drug use and was currently using illicit drugs.5 The court 

also sustained the allegation that mother had failed to protect F., and ordered 

reunification services for mother and father. Father timely appealed.

CONTENTIONS

Father contends that there was insufficient evidence supporting the court’s 

jurisdictional findings as to him and the court’s order of removal.

DISCUSSION

1. Standard of Review

“In reviewing the jurisdictional findings and the disposition, we look to see if 

substantial evidence, contradicted or uncontradicted, supports them. [Citation.] In 

making this determination, we draw all reasonable inferences from the evidence to 

support the findings and orders of the dependency court; we review the record in the 

light most favorable to the court’s determinations; and we note that issues of fact and 

 

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The court refused to sustain the kidnapping and torture allegations on the 

grounds that father had “a right to be heard in criminal court.” However, the court did 

not need a criminal conviction to make such findings but could have proceeded to 

sustain those allegations based on the evidence in the record. (See, e.g., In re Sylvia R. 

(1997) 55 Cal.App.4th 559, 563 [“a failure to convict a parent of spousal abuse in 

a criminal proceeding—where the burden is a high one—‘beyond a reasonable doubt’—

does not establish that the parent did not commit spousal abuse for purposes of 

a proceeding where the burden is lower—‘preponderance of the evidence’—as it is in 

dependency cases.”])
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credibility are the province of the trial court. [Citation.]” (In re Heather A. (1996) 

52 Cal.App.4th 183, 193.)

2. There Is Substantial Evidence Supporting the Court’s

Jurisdictional Findings As to Father’s Conduct

Father only challenges the juvenile court’s jurisdictional findings involving his 

conduct. However, the court also sustained the allegation that mother had endangered 

F. Therefore, father’s challenge to the court’s jurisdictional findings will not result in a 

reversal of the court’s order asserting jurisdiction. The juvenile court will still be

permitted to assert jurisdiction over the minor because “[a]s long as there is one 

unassailable jurisdictional finding, it is immaterial that another might be inappropriate. 

[Citations.]” (In re Ashley B. (2011) 202 Cal.App.4th 968, 979.) In addition, the 

juvenile court may still assert personal jurisdiction over father and adjudicate his 

parental rights because “that jurisdiction is derivative of the court’s jurisdiction over the 

minor and unrelated to Father’s role in creating the conditions justifying the court’s 

assertion of dependency jurisdiction.” (In re I.A. (2011) 201 Cal.App.4th 1484, 1492.)

However, father argues that the court should exercise its discretion to consider 

his challenge to the jurisdictional findings with respect to his conduct because those 

findings could raise barriers to his reunification with F. He claims that, absent the 

sustained allegation that he was using drugs and was responsible for the drug 

paraphernalia littered around the property, he would not have been ordered to undergo 

drug treatment and testing. The court retains discretion to consider alternative basis for 

taking jurisdiction. (In re D.C. (2011) 195 Cal.App.4th 1010, 1015.)
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Here, there was substantial evidence supporting the court’s finding that father 

was responsible for the weapons and drug paraphernalia littered around the property. 

The handgun found in the driveway matched the description of the gun used by father 

during the kidnapping. Father also admitted that he used illicit drugs in the garage, and 

there was drug paraphernalia found in and directly outside of the garage.

Furthermore, there was substantial evidence that father was using illicit drugs 

and that this endangered F. (See In re B.T. (2011) 193 Cal.App.4th 685, 693-694 

[holding that mother’s substance abuse, absent a showing that it rendered mother 

incapable of caring for her children or posed a risk to them, was insufficient to support 

a finding that the children were at risk of harm under Welfare & Institutions Code6

section 300, subdivision (b)].) As stated above, father admitted to use illicit drugs. 

Mother also believed father was using illicit drugs based on his history of drug use and 

dealing and the presence of methamphetamine pipes in the garage. Furthermore, all of 

the evidence suggested that father had withdrawn from family life in order to spend time 

doing drugs with other members of his gang in the garage. His drug use and criminal 

gang activities were intertwined and placed F. in close proximity to dangerous 

individuals, weapons and drugs.

Even if there was no substantial evidence supporting the jurisdictional findings 

based on father’s conduct, at the disposition phase, the court is not limited to the content 

of the sustained petition but has broad discretion to fashion a dispositional order based 

on additional evidence. (In re Rodger H. (1991) 228 Cal.App.3d 1174, 1183; In re 

 

6 All further statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.
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Jose M. (1988) 206 Cal.App.3d 1098, 1103-1104.) Here, there was substantial evidence 

in the record supporting the court’s disposition order that father submit to drug 

treatment and testing: (1) father admitted that he used illicit drugs; (2) the police 

identified father as a well-known drug dealer and user; (3) mother believed father was 

using illicit drugs; (4) father had multiple criminal convictions for drug possession; 

(5) there was drug paraphernalia littered around the garage where father spent the 

majority of his time; and (6) the Department social worker had observed what father 

admitted looked like a bag of illicit drugs on father’s person.

3. Removal Was Proper

Father contends that there was insufficient evidence supporting the court’s order

removing F. from his custody. Section 361, subdivision (c), the statute governing 

removal, prohibits the juvenile court from removing a minor child from the physical 

custody of the parent(s) with whom the child resided at the time the petition was

initiated, “unless the juvenile court finds clear and convincing evidence . . . . [¶] [t]here 

is or would be a substantial danger to the physical health, safety, protection, or physical 

or emotional well-being of the minor if the minor were returned home, and there are no 

reasonable means by which the minor’s physical health can be protected without 

removing the minor from the minor’s parent’s . . . physical custody.” (Welf. & Inst. 

Code § 361, subd. (c)(1).)

“When the [juvenile court] makes findings by the elevated standard of clear and 

convincing evidence, the substantial evidence test remains the standard of review on 

appeal. [Citation.] The appellant has the burden of showing that there is no evidence of 
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a sufficiently substantial nature to support the order. [Citations.]” (In re Cole C. (2009) 

174 Cal.App.4th 900, 916.) Here, father failed to meet his burden. He argues only that

removal was improper because his unavailability due to his incarceration was 

insufficient to compel removal, and a family friend was available to care for F.

Father cites to In re Isayah C. (2004) 118 Cal.App.4th 684 where the court held 

that the dependency court may consider placing a child with an incarcerated parent 

when that parent is able to make appropriate arrangements for the child’s care during 

the parent’s incarceration. However, in Isayah C., the incarcerated parent was 

nonoffending, and, here, the court sustained allegations against father based on his illicit

drug use and responsibility for a dangerous home environment.

Substantial evidence supports the finding that there would be a substantial danger 

to F.’s “physical health, safety, protection, or physical or emotional well-being” if she 

remained in father’s custody: (1) father acknowledged taking part in the kidnapping 

and torture of a man in the garage; (2) there was evidence father was responsible for 

leaving a handgun, a hypodermic needle, a “baggie” of illicit drugs, and 

methamphetamine pipes on the property within F.’s access; and (3) there was evidence 

that father used illicit drugs and that it rendered him incapable of caring for F. (§ 361, 

subd. (c)(1).) Father’s conduct had endangered F. and indicated that he would not make 

appropriate decisions to protect F. from future harm.
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DISPOSITION

The judgment is affirmed.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

CROSKEY, J.

WE CONCUR:

KLEIN, P. J.

ALDRICH, J.