United States Court of Appeals

FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

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No. 03-2164

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Taddese Lencho Gemechu, *

*

Petitioner, *

*

v. * Petition for Review of an Order of

* the Board of Immigration Appeals.

John Ashcroft, Attorney General of *

the United States of America, *

*

Respondent. *

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Submitted: June 14, 2004

Filed: November 5, 2004

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Before MURPHY, BRIGHT, and MELLOY, Circuit Judges.

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MELLOY, Circuit Judge.

Taddese Lencho Gemechu (“Gemechu”) seeks review of a final order of

removal issued by the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”). The BIA affirmed the

decision of the Immigration Judge (“IJ”) that found Gemechu was not credible and

that he failed to meet his burden of proof for establishing that he has a well-founded

fear of persecution in his home country of Ethiopia. 
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I. Procedural Background

Gemechu entered the United States on August 29, 1998 on a student visa with

authorization to remain in the country until May 31, 2000. On August 2, 2000,

Gemechu filed for asylum with the Immigration and Naturalization Service (“INS”).

In an October 2, 2000 Notice to Appear, the INS charged Gemechu with being subject

to removal for overstaying his visa. At an initial hearing, Gemechu admitted the

factual allegations in the Notice to Appear and conceded removability. However,

Gemechu requested asylum under the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”)

§ 208, 8 U.S.C. § 1158, withholding of removal under INA § 241(b)(3), 8 U.S.C. §

1231(b)(3), and relief under Article III of the Convention Against Torture.

The IJ held hearings on the merits on January 17, 2001 and March 12, 2001.

In an order dated March 12, 2001, the IJ found Gemechu failed to provide sufficient

credible evidence of a well-founded fear of future persecution and denied his

application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention

Against Torture. The IJ granted Gemechu sixty days to voluntarily depart the United

States. The IJ also found Gemechu ineligible for asylum for failure to file his asylum

application within one year of entering the United States. 

On March 30, 2000, Gemechu filed a timely appeal with the BIA. The BIA

affirmed the IJ’s credibility finding and ultimate conclusion that Gemechu was not

eligible for asylum, but declined to adopt the IJ’s findings on timeliness. 

II. Factual Background

Gemechu testified to the following facts. Gemechu was born on November 21,

1971 in Ghinchi, Ethiopia. His ethnicity is Oromo. His father died in about 1977

after being taken by the government. Gemechu’s mother lives in Ghinchi. She works

by brewing and selling beer. She also receives pension checks from the government
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because Gemechu’s father was a police officer. Gemechu has two brothers and two

sisters. Gemechu’s minor sisters live with Gemechu’s mother. Gemechu’s brother,

Alemu, has a master’s degree in plant pathology and has worked at an agricultural

research institute. Gemechu’s other brother, Melaku, was in school but then went

into hiding.

Gemechu testified that he fears returning to Ethiopia because of his

involvement in the Oromo Liberation Front (“OLF”). Gemechu has been a member

of the OLF since 1989. The OLF became an illegal organization in 1992 when it

withdrew from the government. At that time, Gemechu burned his OLF identification

card. 

Gemechu testified that he taught Oromo history in Ghinchi at a school during

a summer break. He stated he was arrested and detained for over one month because

of his teachings.

Gemechu attended college tuition-free and graduated first in his class from the

Addis Ababa University in 1995. He then worked at the Ministry of Justice as a clerk

for two months, then as a lecturer at the government-run Ethiopian Civil Service

College for approximately two and a half years. Gemechu became a member of the

Senate at the Ethiopian Civil Service College and was elected secretary of the Senate.

During some of his time at the Ethiopian Civil Service College, Gemechu also served

as a part-time lecturer at Addis Ababa University. Gemechu claims that he was

secretly involved in the OLF during this time. In 1998, Gemechu received a

scholarship to the University of Michigan Law School. The Ethiopian government

offered him a scholarship to the Civil Service college instead. Gemechu rejected the

Civil Service scholarship and was fired from his position at the College.

Gemechu came to the United States to pursue a graduate degree at the

University of Michigan Law School. In Michigan, Gemechu had some contact with
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Oromos, but did not attend OLF meetings. Gemechu graduated in June 1999. He

then went to live with Habtamu Birhanu Awetu (“Awetu”) in Minnesota for a year.

Awetu, who testified at the March 12, 2001 hearing, stated that he knew Gemechu

beginning in 1991 and that they are both members of the OLF. Gemechu testified

that he was a member of the foreign relations office in the Oromo community center

while living in Minnesota. During this time, he was employed in the mail room of

Norwest.

Gemechu testified that in March 2000 he received a letter from his brother

about an incident at Ambo, Ethiopia. In the letter, Melaku stated he had been beaten

and detained by the government. Melaku said he was released, but is currently in

hiding in Ethiopia. Melaku stated that Gemechu’s other brother Alemu was

imprisoned and was possibly still imprisoned. Melaku also said that the government

asked Gemechu’s family members about Gemechu’s whereabouts, though Gemechu

admitted on the stand that it was “normal” for the government to ask about people.

Gemechu testified that he was planning to return to Ethiopia to teach until he received

this letter and became fearful that he would be persecuted should he return.

III. Statutory Background

“The Attorney General may grant asylum to an alien . . . if the Attorney General

determines that such alien is a refugee.” 8 U.S.C. 1158(b)(1). A refugee is “any

person who is outside any country of such person’s nationality . . . who is unable or

unwilling to return to, and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the

protection of, that country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of

persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social

group, or political opinion.” 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(42)(A). 

The petitioner has the burden of showing refugee status. 8 C.F.R. 208.13(a)

(2004). To show a well-founded fear of persecution, the petitioner “must demonstrate
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a fear that is subjectively genuine and objectively reasonable. For an alien’s fear of

persecution to be objectively reasonable, the fear must have basis in reality and must

be neither irrational nor so speculative or general as to lack credibility.”

Perinpanathan v. I.N.S., 310 F.3d 594, 598 (8th Cir. 2002) (internal citation omitted).

IV. Standard of Review

The BIA’s decision is the final agency decision and the subject of our review.

To the extent that the BIA adopted the IJ’s findings, we review those IJ findings as

part of the final agency decision. Krasnopivtsev v. Ashcroft, 382 F.3d 832, 837 (8th

Cir. 2004). 

“The BIA’s determination that an alien is not eligible for asylum or

withholding of deportation is reviewed for substantial evidence, and may not be

overturned unless ‘the evidence was so compelling that no reasonable fact finder

could fail to find the requisite fear of persecution.’” Perinpanathan, 310 F.3d at 597

(quoting Feleke v. I.N.S., 118 F.3d 594, 598 (8th Cir. 1997)); see 8 U.S.C.

§ 1252(b)(4)(B) (“[T]he administrative findings of fact are conclusive unless any

reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to conclude the contrary.”). In our

analysis, we consider “whether, based on the record considered as a whole, the BIA’s

decision was supported by reasonable, substantial, and probative evidence.”

Perinpanathan, 310 F.3d at 597 (internal quotations omitted). 

“It is well settled that ‘an immigration judge is in the best position to make

credibility findings because he [or she] sees the witness as the testimony is given.’”

Mayo v. Ashcroft, 317 F.3d 867, 871 (8th Cir. 2003) (quoting Hartooni v. I.N.S., 21

F.3d 336, 342 (9th Cir. 1994)). We therefore “defer[] to an immigration judge’s

credibility finding where the finding is ‘supported by a specific, cogent reason for

disbelief.’” Perinpanathan, 310 F.3d at 597 (quoting Ghasemimehr v. I.N.S., 7 F.3d

1389, 1391 (8th Cir. 1993)).
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V. Discussion

The IJ concluded, and the BIA affirmed, that Gemechu failed to prove he has

a well-founded fear of future persecution should he return to Ethiopia. While the IJ

found Gemechu’s testimony about his education and employment credible, she found

his testimony about his brother’s detentions and his own membership in the OLF

implausible and not credible. The IJ gave several specific, cogent reasons for

disbelieving the testimony, so we must defer to the IJ’s credibility finding. 

Among the reasons the IJ gave for not believing Gemechu’s testimony were the

following. First, Gemechu failed to present any objective evidence of his

membership in the OLF. He failed to present any documentation connecting him to

the OLF, though Awetu was able to procure a letter corroborating his own OLF

involvement in Awetu’s asylum proceeding. 

Second, Gemechu failed to present any documentation that his brothers were

detained by the government, although resources exist that could substantiate the

alleged detainments. Gemechu presented one letter from his brother, Melaku, dated

March 20, 2000 that claimed that Melaku, Alemu, and Gemechu’s mother had been

arrested, and that Alemu had not yet been released. However, Awetu testified that

Gemechu had received between five and seven letters from his brother during the

time Gemechu and Awetu lived together. Gemechu failed to produce these letters

that apparently would have substantiated his claims that Alemu remained in prison.

Third, the IJ found it implausible that the government would be searching for

Gemechu because the government was aware that Gemechu had accepted a

scholarship to study in the United States.

Fourth, the IJ considered the country conditions in Ethiopia and found it

unlikely Gemechu would be persecuted for his alleged membership in the OLF. The
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U.S. Department of State 1999 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for

Ethiopia states that while membership in the OLF is illegal, the government draws a

distinction between OLF leaders and mere members, and mere membership is not

itself a cause for arrest. See Gebrehiwot v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 723, 726 (8th Cir.

2004) (The “IJ reasonably may rely upon the State Department’s assessment of

current country conditions as they relate to the likelihood of future persecution, given

the Department’s expertise in international affairs.” (internal quotations omitted))

The IJ also noted that Oromos are the largest ethnic group in Ethiopia, making up

about thirty-five percent of the population. 

Fifth, the IJ found that Gemechu had excelled in Ethiopia. He attended college

tuition-free and graduated at the top of his class. He gained prestigious positions of

employment with the government, and was elected to the Senate at the University at

which he worked. Gemechu’s achievements undermine his claims that the

government would persecute him in the future.

VI. Conclusion

Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s and IJ’s conclusion that Gemechu

failed to demonstrate a well-founded fear of persecution. Since Gemechu has not met

the standard for asylum, it follows that he has failed to meet the higher standard for

withholding of removal. See Zakirov v. Ashcroft,384 F.3d 541, 547 (8th Cir. 2004).

Gemechu has also failed to show that it is more likely than not that he will be tortured

should he return to Ethiopia. He is therefore not entitled to relief under the

Convention Against Torture. Id. 

Accordingly, we deny the petition for review. 

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