Released: August 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

Table 10.3 Number of Establishments with Capability to Switch Natural Gas to Alternative Energy Sources, 2018;

Level: National Data;

Row: NAICS Codes;

Column: Energy Sources;

Unit: Establishment Counts.

NAICS Total Not Electricity Distillate Residual HGL (exc

Code(a) Subsector and Industry Consumed(d) Switchable Switchable Receipts(e) Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Coal natural ga

Total United States

311 Food 12,659 871 12,266 256 498 64 30 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 508 53 470 7 19 10 5 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 46 7 42 0 0 0 D 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 61 9 57 0 D D D 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 880 56 851 5 37 7 0 

3115 Dairy Product 875 107 826 D 58 16 0 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 1,500 148 1,390 D 76 D D 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 1,768 60 1,725 4 24 11 0 

3121 Beverages 1,716 50 1,677 D 20 Q 0 

3122 Tobacco 52 9 48 D 4 3 0 

313 Textile Mills 818 124 743 20 75 18 D 

314 Textile Product Mills 2,016 34 1,990 D 26 0 0 315 Apparel 1,054 12 1,044 4 6 0 0 316 Leather and Allied Products 281 8 276 3 5 D 0 

321 Wood Products 4,528 318 4,255 225 24 8 D 

321113 Sawmills 410 29 387 18 4 3 0 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 794 99 703 Q D D D 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 127 15 117 0 D D 0 

3219 Other Wood Products 3,156 186 3,000 Q 0 3 0 

322 Paper 2,534 336 2,305 140 98 23 15 

322110 Pulp Mills 27 5 25 0 D D D 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 145 33 139 D 12 7 7 322122 Newsprint Mills 9 D 7 0 0 00 322130 Paperboard Mills 136 31 128 4 11 12 5 

323 Printing and Related Support 8,297 375 8,004 Q Q Q 0 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 1,171 220 1,004 50 149 100 4 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 128 33 127 6 D D 0 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 704 174 542 39 141 D D 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 156 10 154 D 5 0 0 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 127 3 126 D D 0 D 324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 56 0 56 0 0 0 0 

325 Chemicals 7,048 563 6,707 272 232 36 6 

325110 Petrochemicals 48 9 46 D 4 D 0 

325120 Industrial Gases 236 Q 186 Q 0 0 0 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 410 14 407 0 Q D D 325193 Ethyl Alcohol 198 D 195 0 D 0 0 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 56 27 56 0 25 0 0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 457 48 432 5 32 9 3 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 665 47 640 D 8 3 0 

325212 Synthetic Rubber 76 13 70 5 5 D D 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 82 13 74 5 10 D 0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 135 D 133 0 D 0 0 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 29 0 29 0 0 0 0 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 1,030 78 987 Q 59 5 D 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 524 50 491 D 39 D D 

325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 86 15 80 0 D D 0 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 5,457 247 5,302 Q Q Q 0 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 7,002 531 6,647 230 6 57 33 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 361 35 338 16 D 0 6 

327211 Flat Glass 40 4 37 0 D 0 0 

Natural Gas(b) Alternative Energy Sources(c)
327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 148 8 146 D 0 0 0 

327213 Glass Containers 56 0 56 0 0 0 0 

327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 519 Q 466 Q D 0 0 327310 Cements 91 23 76 D 0 D 20 

327410 Lime 48 8 46 0 0 0 8 

327420 Gypsum 134 D 133 0 D 0 0 

327993 Mineral Wool 163 7 160 D D 0 0 

331 Primary Metals 2,797 145 2,720 58 18 9 4 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 334 26 323 15 D D 4 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 424 9 422 Q D D 0 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 354 12 350 3 5 D 0 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 97 D 97 D 0 0 0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 62 D 62 0 D D 0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 162 D 158 D D 0 0 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 564 28 546 11 8 D 0 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 89 5 86 3 0 0 0 

3315 Foundries 1,121 70 1,079 26 0 Q 0 

331511 Iron Foundries 326 23 309 10 0 Q 0 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 250 25 236 Q 0 0 0 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 194 3 193 3 0 0 0 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 22,655 1,442 21,362 1,204 Q Q 0 

333 Machinery 9,780 358 9,436 297 4 0 0 334 Computer and Electronic Products 3,678 123 3,638 Q 6 D 0 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 126 10 126 D D 0 0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 2,119 Q 2,074 D 0 0 0 

336 Transportation Equipment 4,396 256 4,239 159 13 D 0 

336111 Automobiles 59 D 59 D 0 0 0 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 51 D 51 D 0 0 0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 763 29 749 12 D D 0 

336411 Aircraft 216 3 215 D 0 0 0 

337 Furniture and Related Products 4,276 Q 4,137 Q 0 0 0 

339 Miscellaneous 6,744 380 6,376 Q Q Q Q 

Total 111,078 6,650 106,249 3,744 1,518 658 194 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) These counts include only those establishments that reported this activity in 2018. Establishments for which only a portion of the total consumed fuel was reported as switchable contribute to the establish

Switchable and Not Switchable columns. Therefore, the sum of these establishment counts may be greater than the corresponding establishment count of the total number of establishments consuming the fue

(c) Alternative Energy Sources consist of those energy sources that could have been substituted for natural gas during 2018. The quantities are expressed in billions of cubic feet, and therefore represent the q

could have been displaced by the given alternative type of energy.

(d) Total Consumed represents those quantities (Total Inputs) of natural gas that were ascertained switchable or not switchable, plus an additional quantity for which the switching status was not ascertained.

(e) Electricity Receipts represents those quantities of electricity generated off the manufacturing establishment site and available at the site for consumption. It includes those quantities for which payment wa

transferred in, quantities purchased and paid for by a central purchasing entity, and quantities for which payment was made in kind. It does not include electricity generated onsite. Electricity Receipts has not be

any quantities that might have been resold or transferred out. The estimates include those quantities that were ascertained switchable or not switchable, plus an additional quantity for which the switching statu

(f) Other includes all other types of energy not already identified that respondents indicated could have been consumed in place of natural gas.

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.

NA=Not available.Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20‐260).
Released: August 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

RSE Table 10.3 Relative Standard Errors for Table 10.3;

Unit: Percents.

NAICS Total Not Electricity Distillate Residual HGL (excluCode(a) Subsector and Industry Consumed(d) Switchable Switchable Receipts(e) Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Coal natural gaso

Total United States

311 Food 1.6 5.4 1.7 28.4 12.0 15.4 15.1 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 2.9 5.9 3.1 31.5 21.5 24.8 0.6 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X D 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 0.0 0.0 X D D D 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 5.8 16.2 6.0 29.0 21.8 13.4 X 

3115 Dairy Product 4.9 15.7 5.2 D 21.4 22.3 X 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 4.6 24.8 5.3 D 34.3 D D 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 3.5 2.7 3.7 0.0 3.9 6.2 X 

3121 Beverages 8.3 25.3 8.5 D 39.7 91.4 X 

3122 Tobacco 0.0 0.0 0.0 D 0.0 0.0 X 

313 Textile Mills 9.3 21.8 10.4 38.7 30.4 41.2 D 

314 Textile Product Mills 19.9 37.0 20.2 D 44.3 X X 

315 Apparel 32.5 23.4 32.8 0.0 27.2 X X 316 Leather and Allied Products 19.9 19.2 20.2 15.0 23.6 D X 

321 Wood Products 4.5 20.4 5.1 41.8 45.3 11.1 D 

321113 Sawmills 11.1 20.1 11.6 30.6 0.0 0.0 X 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 5.5 25.7 6.9 60.2 D D D 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 7.9 24.8 9.8 X D D X 

3219 Other Wood Products 9.2 47.7 9.6 58.7 X 0.0 X 

322 Paper 1.2 4.1 1.5 30.9 9.2 0.0 0.0 

322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 X D D D 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 0.0 0.0 D 0.0 0.0 0.0 322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 D 0.0 X X X X 

322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

323 Printing and Related Support 5.6 42.4 5.9 50.2 95.6 96.6 X 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 2.5 3.4 2.6 7.5 8.0 13.3 14.1 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D D X 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 5.5 10.0 6.3 23.7 11.2 D D 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 1.4 12.1 1.6 D 12.2 X X 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 14.4 12.7 14.5 D D X D 324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

325 Chemicals 1.5 6.7 1.6 23.3 6.3 7.6 2.4 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 0.0 0.0 D 0.0 D X 

325120 Industrial Gases 16.8 75.6 18.9 75.6 X X X 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 7.9 33.2 8.0 X 54.4 D D 325193 Ethyl Alcohol 1.1 D 1.2 X D X X 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 3.1 22.9 4.1 12.5 32.1 33.9 8.8 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 6.2 28.5 6.5 D 22.6 21.3 X 

325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D D 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D X 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 4.6 D 5.2 X D X X 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 6.0 22.5 6.2 50.2 27.6 45.8 D 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 9.3 28.6 9.7 D 33.3 D D 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 10.7 36.8 11.6 X D D X 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 6.2 42.0 6.4 74.3 65.4 61.5 X 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 1.8 10.6 1.9 32.1 3.7 48.1 7.9 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 5.8 25.2 6.2 42.7 D X 8.6 

327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 0.0 X D X X 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 5.0 39.0 5.5 D X X X 

327213 Glass Containers 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 6.5 57.8 9.0 68.6 D X X 

Natural Gas(b) Alternative Energy Sources(c)
327310 Cements 16.5 15.5 17.2 D X D 15.5 

327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 0.0 

327420 Gypsum 4.1 D 4.2 X D X X 

327993 Mineral Wool 5.4 17.6 5.8 D D X X 

331 Primary Metals 1.4 7.9 1.5 13.5 5.7 13.3 0.0 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D D 0.0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 4.2 25.7 4.3 70.4 D D X 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 1.6 3.1 1.6 18.1 8.0 D X 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 1.7 D 1.7 D X X X 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 D 0.0 X D D X 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 6.6 D 6.6 D D X X 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 4.5 12.9 4.7 17.8 15.4 D X 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 5.1 18.0 5.9 18.0 X X X 

3315 Foundries 3.2 18.3 3.4 29.2 X 81.8 X 

331511 Iron Foundries 7.2 42.1 7.9 48.0 X 81.8 X 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 0.6 22.1 1.1 57.2 X X X 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 12.8 21.2 12.8 21.2 X X X 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 5.0 30.4 5.4 34.1 99.4 74.1 X 333 Machinery 4.8 38.8 5.0 44.5 0.0 X X 334 Computer and Electronic Products 9.6 30.5 9.6 57.8 12.6 D X 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 19.9 20.2 19.9 D D X X 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 11.5 58.1 11.7 D X X X 

336 Transportation Equipment 4.0 17.8 4.0 24.4 26.8 D X 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 D 0.0 D X X X 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 D 0.0 D X X X 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 10.2 21.3 10.3 42.6 D D X 

336411 Aircraft 18.0 19.1 18.0 D X X X 

337 Furniture and Related Products 8.7 54.9 8.9 70.5 X X X 

339 Miscellaneous 8.0 46.6 8.4 54.6 96.9 69.6 98.8 

Total 0.7 2.8 0.8 8.9 4.0 4.0 4.8 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) These counts include only those establishments that reported this activity in 2018. Establishments for which only a portion of the total consumed fuel was reported as switchable contribute to the establish

Switchable and Not Switchable columns. Therefore, the sum of these establishment counts may be greater than the corresponding establishment count of the total number of establishments consuming the fuel.

(c) Alternative Energy Sources consist of those energy sources that could have been substituted for natural gas during 2018. The quantities are expressed in billions of cubic feet, and therefore represent the qu

could have been displaced by the given alternative type of energy.

(d) Total Consumed represents those quantities (Total Inputs) of natural gas that were ascertained switchable or not switchable, plus an additional quantity for which the switching status was not ascertained.

(e) Electricity Receipts represents those quantities of electricity generated off the manufacturing establishment site and available at the site for consumption. It includes those quantities for which payment was 

transferred in, quantities purchased and paid for by a central purchasing entity, and quantities for which payment was made in kind. It does not include electricity generated onsite. Electricity Receipts has not be

any quantities that might have been resold or transferred out. The estimates include those quantities that were ascertained switchable or not switchable, plus an additional quantity for which the switching statu

(f) Other includes all other types of energy not already identified that respondents indicated could have been consumed in place of natural gas.

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.

X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a data table value of zero.

NA=Not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20‐260).