Data release date: March 2023

Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total Westa Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 27.72 1,650 1,453 1,080 639 563 419

Census division

Mountain 9.22 1,848 1,736 1,442 736 691 574

Mountain North 4.62 2,015 1,938 1,441 787 756 563

Mountain South 4.60 1,681 1,533 1,442 683 623 586

Pacific 18.51 1,551 1,313 899 593 502 344

Census urban/rural classificationd

Urban 25.24 1,597 1,395 1,056 618 540 409

Urbanized area 22.74 1,595 1,391 1,074 613 535 413

Urban cluster 2.50 1,617 1,439 892 665 592 367

Rural 2.48 2,185 2,042 1,322 864 807 523

Climate regione

Very cold/Cold 6.35 1,947 1,862 1,295 784 749 521

Mixed-humid N N N N N N N

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 14.03 1,544 1,326 1,199 582 500 452

Hot-humid 0.47 1,452 53 462 486 18 155

Marine 6.87 1,605 1,432 680 643 574 273

Housing unit type

Single-family detached 16.97 2,074 1,863 1,410 739 664 502

Single-family attached 1.69 1,350 1,125 837 551 459 342

Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units 1.89 881 698 397 346 274 156

Apartments in buildings with 5 or 

more units 5.70 852 677 475 421 334 235

Mobile homes 1.47 1,173 1,086 766 510 472 333

Year of construction

Before 1950 3.27 1,520 1,232 590 662 537 257

1950 to 1959 2.73 1,530 1,306 853 592 505 330

1960 to 1969 2.95 1,441 1,221 828 570 483 328

1970 to 1979 4.71 1,523 1,318 921 611 529 369

1980 to 1989 3.95 1,571 1,416 1,064 603 543 409

1990 to 1999 4.05 1,790 1,634 1,296 666 608 482

2000 to 2009 3.89 1,962 1,782 1,602 713 647 582

2010 to 2015 1.16 1,892 1,703 1,504 671 604 533

2016 to 2020 1.02 1,857 1,744 1,446 723 680 563

Number of stories

1 story 11.55 1,792 1,564 1,207 683 596 460

2 stories 6.02 2,355 2,162 1,636 777 713 540

3 or more stories 0.62 2,589 2,451 1,483 846 800 484

Split-level 0.47 2,130 1,961 1,347 764 703 483

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 9.06 911 748 506 418 343 232

Fuels used for any use (more than one 

may apply)

Electricity 27.72 1,650 1,453 1,080 639 563 419

Natural gas 20.53 1,731 1,544 1,190 654 583 449

Propanef 1.66 1,870 1,710 1,149 772 705 474

Wood 2.75 1,976 1,842 1,133 736 686 422

Fuel oil or kerosene 0.15 1,665 1,424 224 551 472 74

Average square footage 

per housing unit

Table HC10.13 Average square footage of West homes, 2020

Average square footage 

per household member
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total Westa Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 27.72 1,650 1,453 1,080 639 563 419

Average square footage 

per housing unit

Table HC10.13 Average square footage of West homes, 2020

Average square footage 

per household member

Distributed solar generation

Yes 1.97 2,293 2,047 1,788 772 689 602

No 18.16 1,910 1,711 1,264 704 630 465

Not asked (apartments) 7.59 860 682 456 399 317 211

Main space heating fuel

Natural gas 16.13 1,866 1,769 1,313 706 670 497

Electricity 7.62 1,298 1,187 798 539 493 331

Fuel oil or kerosene 0.11 1,705 1,613 169 644 610 64

Propane 0.72 2,074 1,966 1,283 840 796 519

Wood 0.67 1,783 1,648 695 731 676 285

Some other fuelg N N N N N N N

Does not use heating equipment 2.47 1,164 0 511 421 0 185

Air-conditioning equipment

Uses air-conditioning equipment 20.65 1,722 1,546 1,450 650 584 548

Does not use air-conditioning 

equipment 7.07 1,440 1,183 0 604 496 0

Fuel used by main water heater

Natural gas 17.63 1,764 1,573 1,223 658 586 456

Electricity 8.94 1,395 1,206 799 588 508 337

Propane 0.92 1,978 1,777 1,194 811 729 490

Fuel oil or kerosene 0.07 1,313 1,058 Q 367 Q 103

Some other fuelg 0.17 1,565 428 710 504 138 229

Indoor light bulbs used at least 4 

hours a day

0 to 2 11.33 1,455 1,220 907 616 517 384

3 to 5 6.59 1,576 1,393 1,020 629 556 407

6 to 9 5.11 1,711 1,541 1,148 645 581 433

10 to 19 3.67 2,070 1,925 1,448 683 636 478

20 or more 1.03 2,459 2,281 1,713 707 656 493

Total number of rooms (excluding 

bathrooms)

1 or 2 1.50 595 482 342 354 287 204

3 2.18 771 581 355 417 315 192

4 4.24 990 776 539 438 343 238

5 4.24 1,329 1,146 801 501 432 302

6 4.63 1,600 1,402 1,022 615 539 393

7 4.21 1,912 1,703 1,238 713 635 462

8 2.78 2,244 2,046 1,630 778 709 565

9 or more 3.95 2,948 2,737 2,151 909 844 663

Number of bedrooms

0 0.62 536 449 319 292 244 173

1 3.57 738 575 344 476 371 222

2 7.18 1,177 969 654 500 412 278

3 9.72 1,766 1,580 1,161 665 595 437

4 4.96 2,378 2,167 1,709 748 682 537

5 or more 1.67 3,209 2,933 2,429 843 771 638
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total Westa Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 27.72 1,650 1,453 1,080 639 563 419

Average square footage 

per housing unit

Table HC10.13 Average square footage of West homes, 2020

Average square footage 

per household member

Basement

Yes 4.00 2,641 2,317 1,592 939 824 566

Finished basement 2.99 2,675 2,466 1,699 930 857 590

Unfinished basement 1.01 2,538 1,874 1,276 971 717 488

No 14.66 1,836 1,654 1,295 664 598 468

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 9.06 911 748 506 418 343 232

Adequacy of insulation

Well insulated 7.20 1,981 1,821 1,429 775 712 559

Adequately insulated 13.84 1,645 1,463 1,118 639 568 434

Poorly insulated 5.50 1,350 1,126 694 516 431 266

No insulation 1.18 1,078 626 300 412 239 115

Type of glass in windows

Single-pane glass 9.51 1,263 1,011 715 513 411 290

Double-pane glass 17.76 1,841 1,673 1,262 697 634 478

Triple-pane glass 0.45 2,287 2,146 1,601 843 791 590

Number of household members

1 member 7.23 1,245 1,076 717 1,245 1,076 717

2 members 9.31 1,747 1,574 1,177 874 787 588

3 members 4.12 1,701 1,520 1,120 567 507 373

4 members 4.08 1,908 1,651 1,271 477 413 318

5 members 1.71 1,842 1,646 1,317 368 329 263

6 or more members 1.28 1,978 1,606 1,366 300 243 207

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 0.90 1,044 902 577 417 360 230

$5,000 to $9,999 0.72 978 773 499 397 314 202

$10,000 to $19,999 2.03 1,159 952 587 564 464 286

$20,000 to $39,999 5.26 1,352 1,145 792 573 486 336

$40,000 to $59,999 4.32 1,539 1,323 933 632 543 383

$60,000 to $99,999 6.30 1,679 1,489 1,127 646 573 433

$100,000 to $149,999 4.06 1,904 1,734 1,382 674 614 489

$150,000 or more 4.13 2,340 2,136 1,684 771 704 555
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total Westa Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 27.72 1,650 1,453 1,080 639 563 419

Average square footage 

per housing unit

Table HC10.13 Average square footage of West homes, 2020

Average square footage 

per household member

Ownership of housing unith

Owned 17.40 2,006 1,813 1,378 762 689 523

Rented 10.33 1,050 848 578 421 340 232

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. See RECS Terminology for the definitions of terms used in these tables. 

a Total West includes all primary occupied housing units in the West Census Region. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and group quarters are 

excluded.

b Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned 

and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square footage 

based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported 

square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for full details about data collection and processing.

c

When calculating average heated and cooled square footage, all housing units are considered, including those that are not heated or cooled.

d

 Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 

50,000 or more people, while urban clusters have at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

e

 The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We 

combined climate regions for this publication. The Subarctic region is included with data for Very-cold/Cold .

f

 Households that use propane only for outdoor grilling are excluded from the RECS estimate of households using propane. 

g Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.

h Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without paying rent. 

Q = Data withheld because either the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 10 households were in the reporting sample.

N = No households in reporting sample. 
Data release date: March 2023

RSES for 

number of 

housing units

Total Westa Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.59 0.72 1.25 1.04 1.15 1.45

Census division

Mountain 0.00 1.06 1.13 1.61 1.86 1.89 2.02

Mountain North 0.00 1.63 1.66 2.54 2.74 2.77 2.87

Mountain South 0.00 1.34 1.56 1.68 2.25 2.34 2.37

Pacific 0.00 0.95 1.15 1.94 1.44 1.59 2.04

Census urban/rural classificationd

Urban 0.58 0.70 0.88 1.33 1.18 1.31 1.53

Urbanized area 0.81 0.76 1.06 1.36 1.19 1.39 1.60

Urban cluster 5.53 2.83 3.11 5.95 3.40 3.70 5.08

Rural 5.87 2.61 2.54 4.27 3.90 3.73 5.19

Climate regione

Very cold/Cold 1.37 1.40 1.38 2.31 2.31 2.33 2.68

Mixed-humid 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 1.21 1.18 1.51 1.92 1.83 2.05 2.24

Hot-humid 0.00 3.65 26.89 8.30 3.90 26.79 8.64

Marine 2.39 1.83 1.90 4.73 2.45 2.60 4.94

Housing unit type

Single-family detached 0.00 0.72 0.76 1.40 1.30 1.37 1.78

Single-family attached 0.00 2.39 3.33 5.23 3.59 3.95 5.76

Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units 0.00 2.72 5.30 8.19 5.61 7.16 9.04

Apartments in buildings with 5 or 

more units 0.00 1.33 2.70 3.66 2.76 3.68 4.44

Mobile homes 0.00 2.70 3.72 6.34 5.24 6.16 7.01

Year of construction

Before 1950 0.00 3.59 3.88 7.34 4.34 4.89 7.58

1950 to 1959 0.00 2.83 3.84 5.50 4.08 4.63 6.10

1960 to 1969 0.00 3.40 3.88 6.09 4.08 5.05 6.90

1970 to 1979 0.00 2.29 2.38 4.01 3.11 3.44 4.36

1980 to 1989 0.00 2.72 3.24 4.11 4.25 4.68 5.23

1990 to 1999 0.00 2.19 2.40 3.20 3.39 3.59 3.95

2000 to 2009 0.00 2.81 3.27 3.38 2.99 3.33 3.46

2010 to 2015 5.40 3.73 4.89 5.30 3.73 4.58 4.37

2016 to 2020 6.14 4.89 5.37 7.15 5.75 5.71 6.85

Number of stories

1 story 1.27 1.01 1.11 1.52 1.72 1.91 2.20

2 stories 2.28 1.47 1.37 2.38 2.10 2.05 2.74

3 or more stories 9.25 5.27 5.51 10.37 6.63 6.59 10.19

Split-level 10.47 4.52 4.77 8.39 7.43 7.68 11.15

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 0.00 0.97 2.09 3.20 2.43 3.05 3.83

Fuels used for any use (more than one 

may apply)

Electricity 0.00 0.59 0.72 1.25 1.04 1.15 1.45

Natural gas 0.89 0.79 0.95 1.55 1.20 1.37 1.78

Propanef 6.86 3.56 4.16 6.53 5.11 5.80 7.60

Wood 4.75 2.51 2.15 4.48 3.01 3.23 5.66

Fuel oil or kerosene 15.22 10.31 10.71 44.13 21.03 26.38 35.24

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.13 Average square footage of West homes, 2020

RSEs for average square footage 

per housing unit

RSEs for average square footage 

per household member
RSES for 

number of 

housing units

Total Westa Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.59 0.72 1.25 1.04 1.15 1.45

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.13 Average square footage of West homes, 2020

RSEs for average square footage 

per housing unit

RSEs for average square footage 

per household member

Distributed solar generation

Yes 5.19 2.74 3.34 4.55 4.37 4.64 5.46

No 0.56 0.71 0.84 1.33 1.20 1.33 1.72

Not asked (apartments) 0.00 1.14 2.59 3.66 2.74 3.56 4.53

Main space heating fuel

Natural gas 1.30 0.85 0.81 1.51 1.33 1.32 1.90

Electricity 2.75 1.86 1.95 3.17 2.49 2.53 3.37

Fuel oil or kerosene 17.12 10.67 8.85 44.89 16.55 15.01 43.43

Propane 10.97 5.04 4.86 7.88 7.58 7.13 9.56

Wood 12.40 5.21 4.85 12.83 7.13 6.84 13.09

Some other fuelg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Does not use heating equipment 6.32 3.11 0.00 8.08 4.99 0.00 8.95

Air-conditioning equipment

Uses air-conditioning equipment 1.02 0.80 0.87 0.84 1.18 1.23 1.24

Does not use air-conditioning 

equipment 2.97 1.71 2.30 0.00 2.95 3.31 0.00

Fuel used by main water heater

Natural gas 1.13 0.88 1.04 1.73 1.36 1.48 2.01

Electricity 2.17 1.57 2.18 3.06 2.24 2.69 3.33

Propane 8.94 4.66 5.47 8.53 7.77 8.81 10.87

Fuel oil or kerosene 26.07 15.71 19.84 54.23 33.01 56.43 35.98

Some other fuelg 17.76 10.11 34.80 18.76 11.60 39.50 22.88

Indoor light bulbs used at least 4 

hours a day

0 to 2 2.21 1.48 1.91 2.33 2.35 2.73 2.86

3 to 5 2.93 1.86 2.30 3.44 2.88 3.34 4.03

6 to 9 3.40 1.72 2.10 2.70 2.43 2.71 3.28

10 to 19 4.87 2.56 2.57 3.56 2.80 2.87 3.63

20 or more 7.30 4.79 4.68 7.68 5.45 5.33 7.82

Total number of rooms (excluding 

bathrooms)

1 or 2 8.27 2.45 5.15 6.88 8.46 10.57 10.97

3 6.01 2.29 5.43 7.06 5.48 7.50 7.74

4 4.04 1.70 3.48 4.64 3.88 5.34 5.55

5 3.76 1.93 2.09 3.40 2.88 3.26 4.47

6 4.02 1.82 1.97 3.51 2.62 2.74 3.90

7 3.80 1.51 1.84 2.99 3.32 3.71 4.26

8 5.21 1.88 2.04 2.90 3.01 3.12 3.91

9 or more 3.11 1.86 1.73 3.05 2.82 2.66 3.53

Number of bedrooms

0 14.15 5.73 9.71 9.79 13.60 15.87 16.53

1 4.01 2.09 3.65 4.52 4.34 5.14 5.40

2 2.71 1.43 2.23 3.96 2.82 3.58 4.66

3 2.31 1.06 1.26 1.86 1.96 2.17 2.56

4 3.77 1.72 1.76 2.99 2.59 2.67 3.78

5 or more 4.67 2.86 3.69 4.78 4.54 5.26 6.14
RSES for 

number of 

housing units

Total Westa Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.59 0.72 1.25 1.04 1.15 1.45

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.13 Average square footage of West homes, 2020

RSEs for average square footage 

per housing unit

RSEs for average square footage 

per household member

Basement

Yes 3.00 1.58 1.78 3.24 2.52 2.63 3.73

Finished basement 3.41 1.90 1.96 3.78 2.89 3.03 4.30

Unfinished basement 7.98 4.09 5.46 8.41 5.68 6.41 8.87

No 0.82 0.90 1.02 1.57 1.53 1.65 2.13

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 0.00 0.97 2.09 3.20 2.43 3.05 3.83

Adequacy of insulation

Well insulated 2.56 1.56 1.56 2.29 2.07 2.28 2.77

Adequately insulated 1.53 1.16 1.30 1.89 1.48 1.65 2.07

Poorly insulated 3.65 2.32 2.84 4.36 3.08 3.49 4.71

No insulation 9.50 4.11 7.74 9.36 6.29 9.93 11.87

Type of glass in windows

Single-pane glass 2.74 1.34 2.05 3.16 2.00 2.74 3.43

Double-pane glass 1.50 0.94 0.90 1.57 1.31 1.35 1.85

Triple-pane glass 14.15 7.69 8.53 11.74 10.16 10.95 12.31

Number of household members

1 member 3.10 1.75 2.39 3.49 1.75 2.39 3.49

2 members 2.87 1.47 1.53 2.61 1.47 1.53 2.61

3 members 5.32 1.91 2.81 3.28 1.91 2.81 3.28

4 members 4.26 2.80 3.10 4.18 2.80 3.10 4.18

5 members 6.30 3.58 4.15 5.23 3.58 4.15 5.23

6 or more members 8.85 4.61 6.44 6.94 4.44 6.30 6.86

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 9.77 5.26 7.32 9.97 7.74 9.67 12.15

$5,000 to $9,999 14.97 7.15 9.23 15.96 13.15 13.58 16.99

$10,000 to $19,999 6.11 4.22 4.97 7.34 5.10 6.87 7.79

$20,000 to $39,999 3.64 2.03 2.31 4.18 3.26 3.81 5.09

$40,000 to $59,999 4.01 2.46 2.81 4.17 2.81 3.35 4.39

$60,000 to $99,999 2.99 1.53 1.99 2.70 2.19 2.57 2.95

$100,000 to $149,999 4.08 2.44 2.80 3.69 3.15 3.39 4.43

$150,000 or more 4.34 1.93 2.11 3.27 2.37 2.34 3.10
RSES for 

number of 

housing units

Total Westa Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.59 0.72 1.25 1.04 1.15 1.45

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.13 Average square footage of West homes, 2020

RSEs for average square footage 

per housing unit

RSEs for average square footage 

per household member

Ownership of housing unith

Owned 0.92 0.87 0.92 1.54 1.25 1.36 1.84

Rented 1.55 1.76 2.68 3.89 2.31 3.08 4.00

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: See RECS Terminology for the definitions of terms used in these tables. 

a Total West includes all primary occupied housing units in the West Census Region. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and group quarters are 

excluded.

b Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned 

and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square footage 

based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported 

square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for full details about data collection and processing.

c

When calculating average heated and cooled square footage, all housing units are considered, including those that are not heated or cooled.

d

 Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 

50,000 or more people, while urban clusters have at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

e

 The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We 

combined climate regions for this publication. The Subarctic region is included with data for Very-cold/Cold .

f

 Households that use propane only for outdoor grilling are excluded from the RECS estimate of households using propane. 

g Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.

h Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without paying rent.