FILED

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

January 6, 2014

Elisabeth A. Shumaker

Clerk of Court

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

BILLY JACK WIGLESWORTH,

Plaintiff - Appellant,

v.

CHRISTOPHER PAGEL; THE GEO

GROUP, INC.; JOE D. DRIVER,

Defendants - Appellees.

No. 13-1283

(D.C. No. 1:13-CV-00957-LTB)

(D. Colo.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before KELLY, HOLMES, and MATHESON, Circuit Judges.**

Plaintiff-Appellant Billy Jack Wiglesworth, an inmate appearing pro se, 

appeals from the district court’s order dismissing his complaint. R. 517-23. Mr.

Wiglesworth is an Alaska inmate housed in a private prison in Colorado. He

seeks declaratory, monetary and injunctive relief arising from a disciplinary

hearing which resulted in 30 days segregation. According to Mr. Wiglesworth,

*

 This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited,

however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th

Cir. R. 32.1.

** After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this three-judge

panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not be of material

assistance in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th

Cir. R. 34.1(G). The cause is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
his hearing violated Alaska procedural due process guarantees. Aplt. Br. 4; R.

435-48. The district court dismissed Mr. Wiglesworth’s complaint as frivolous

under federal law but did not address his claims under Alaska law. R. 517-23. 

Our jurisdiction arises under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we reverse and remand for the

district court to address Mr. Wiglesworth’s state law claims.

Background

Mr. Wiglesworth is housed in Colorado at the Hudson Correctional Facility,

a private prison owned and operated by Defendant-Appellee The GEO Group,

Inc., a Florida-based corporation. R. 6. On June 21, 2012, Mr. Wiglesworth was

served with an incident report by prison staff member T. Benavidez charging him

with forging a television request form in violation of Alaska Admin. Code tit. 22,

§ 05.400(c)(12). R. 437. Based on information Benavidez had received from

Alaska probation officer J. Pass, Mr. Wiglesworth had forged or altered a section

on the form about his institutional job status.1

 R. 437-38. 

Defendant-Appellee Christopher Pagel, acting as the prison hearing officer,

scheduled a disciplinary hearing for June 27, 2012, at which Mr. Wiglesworth

explained that Benavidez and Pass must be available for cross-examination as

1

 The allegations in a complaint are generally taken as true for purposes of

a motion to dismiss, subject to the claim being plausible. Bell Atl. Corp. v.

Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007).

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required by Alaska Admin. Code tit. 22, § 05.420(b)(5)(a)2

 and James v. State,

260 P.3d 1046 (Alaska 2011) (interpreting Alaskan prisoners’ due process

guarantees as requiring in-person confrontation). R. 438. Pagel ultimately

postponed the hearing twice. R 438. At the first rescheduled hearing on July 16,

2012, Pagel explained that because Pass’s schedule was unknown, Mr.

Wiglesworth had to submit all questions of the two witnesses in writing, that no

follow-up questions would be permitted, and that Pass’s questions would be

emailed to her in Alaska. R. 438-39. At the second rescheduled hearing on July

20, 2012, Pagel informed Mr. Wiglesworth that Pass had responded to the emailed

questions and that her answers would be read into the record. R. 439. Pagel also

explained that Benavidez would testify by telephone because he had taken the day

off as a “personal day.” R. 439. Following the disciplinary hearing on July 20,

Mr. Wiglesworth was found guilty of the infraction and sentenced to 30 days

punitive segregation. R. 439. 

After exhausting administrative remedies, R. 20, Mr. Wiglesworth filed a

civil tort claim in Alaska state court, arguing, among other things, that the

disciplinary hearing violated his due process guarantees under the Alaska

Constitution and state law, which the Hudson facility (though located in

2

 Admin. Code tit. 22, § 05.420(b)(5)(a) provides that “if the prisoner . . .

has requested the appearance of the staff member who wrote the disciplinary

report, the staff member must be called into the room and questioned under 22

AAC 05.435 and 22 AAC 05.445.” Alaska Admin. Code tit. 22,

§ 05.420(b)(5)(a). 

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Colorado) is required by contract to follow. R. 9-19. Defendants Pagel and The

GEO Group, Inc. removed the case to Alaska federal district court based on

diversity jurisdiction, 28 U.S.C. §§ 1332(a), 1441, R. 6, and subsequently the case

was transferred to the Colorado federal district court. R. 290-92. 

Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), the Colorado district court dismissed

Mr. Wiglesworth’s complaint as frivolous, explaining that under Sandin v.

Connor, 515 U.S. 472 (1995), federal due process rights in prison disciplinary

hearings arise only when the punishment imposes an atypical and significant

hardship or inevitably affects the duration of a sentence, neither of which

occurred here. R. 518-22. Mr. Wiglesworth sought reconsideration under Fed. R.

Civil P. 59(e), arguing that the district court misconstrued his claims by analyzing

them under federal law rather than under Alaska law. R. 563-574. The district

court denied the motion without analysis of this contention. R. 575-577. 

Discussion

Mr. Wiglesworth argues that the district court erred in dismissing his

complaint by analyzing his claims solely under federal law rather than Alaska

law. Aplt. Br. 10. A review of the record confirms that he consistently raised

Alaska state law claims. Although Defendants argue that Colorado law applies

and would result in the same outcome as federal law, Aplee. Br. 8-14, the district

court did not address the choice of law issue nor the state-law analysis. We note

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that Alaska does not lose jurisdiction over Mr. Wiglesworth simply by

transferring him to a Colorado prison. Overturf v. Massie, 385 F.3d 1276, 1279

(10th Cir. 2004); see also Rathke v. Corrections Corp. of America, 153 P.3d 303,

309-12 (Alaska 2007) (recognizing a class of Alaskan prisoners as third-party

beneficiaries to its out-of-state prison contracts). Accordingly, we remand for the

district court to address the state-law claims including the choice of law issue.

REVERSED and REMANDED. We GRANT the motion for IFP status and

remind Mr. Wiglesworth that he is obligated to continue making partial payments

until the entire appellate filing fee has been paid. 

Entered for the Court

Paul J. Kelly, Jr.

Circuit Judge

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