Released: February 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2022.

Table 5.5    End Uses of Fuel Consumption, 2018;

                        Level: National and Regional Data;

                        Row: End Uses;

                        Column: Energy Sources, including Net Electricity;

                        Unit: Physical Units or Btu.

    Distillate     

Fuel Oil Coal

Net Residual and Natural HGL (excluding (excluding Coal

Total Electricity(a) Fuel Oil Diesel Fuel(b) Gas(c) natural gasoline)(d) Coke and Breeze) Other(e)

End Use (trillion Btu) (million kWh) (million bbl) (million bbl) (billion cu ft) (million bbl) (million short tons) (trillion Btu)

Total United States

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 14,859 759,512 3 15 6,129 17 21 5,307

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel ‐‐ 9,529 2 1 2,475 2 9 ‐‐

  Conventional Boiler Use ‐‐ 9,529 1 * 793 1 1 ‐‐

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 0 1 1 1,683 1 8 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Process ‐‐ 597,971 1 6 3,149 D 12 ‐‐

  Process Heating ‐‐ 79,726 1 2 2,707 6 9 ‐‐

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ‐‐ 65,344 * * 24 * * ‐‐

  Machine Drive ‐‐ 384,760 * 2 165 1 1 ‐‐

  Electro‐Chemical Processes ‐‐ 47,199 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use ‐‐ 20,942 * 1 253 D 2 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess ‐‐ 141,521 * 7 464 D * ‐‐

  Facility HVAC (f) ‐‐ 70,774 * * 372 D * ‐‐

  Facility Lighting ‐‐ 48,475 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support ‐‐ 14,639 0 * 51 * * ‐‐

  Onsite Transportation ‐‐ 4,118 ‐‐ 63 5 ‐‐ ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ ‐‐ * 1 27 * * ‐‐

  Other Nonprocess Use ‐‐ 3,515 * 1 11 * 0 ‐‐

End Use Not Reported 5,389 10,492 * * 42 1 0 5,307

Northeast Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 1,130 73,182 1 3 472 2 1 344

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel ‐‐ 1,284 * * 171 * 1 ‐‐

  Conventional Boiler Use ‐‐ 1,284 * * 65 * * ‐‐

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 0 * * 106 * 1 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Process ‐‐ 52,620 * 2 233 1 * ‐‐

  Process Heating ‐‐ 8,856 * Q 202 * * ‐‐

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ‐‐ 6,539 * * 3 * 0 ‐‐

  Machine Drive ‐‐ 32,509 * * 21 * * ‐‐

  Electro‐Chemical Processes ‐‐ 2,067 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use ‐‐ 2,649 * * 7 * * ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess ‐‐ 17,679 * 1 65 1 * ‐‐

  Facility HVAC (f) ‐‐ 8,443 * * 56 1 * ‐‐

  Facility Lighting ‐‐ 5,953 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support ‐‐ 2,001 0 * 4 * * ‐‐

  Onsite Transportation ‐‐ 414 ‐‐ ** 1 ‐‐ ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ ‐‐ * *3 * 0 ‐‐

  Other Nonprocess Use ‐‐ 869 * * Q * 0 ‐‐

End Use Not Reported 353 1,599 0 * 3 * 0 344

Midwest Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 3,907 244,303 * 4 1,757 5 9 1,029

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel ‐‐ 3,529 * * 617 1 4 ‐‐

  Conventional Boiler Use ‐‐ 3,529 * * 257 * * ‐‐

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 0 * * 361 * 4 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Process ‐‐ 193,525 * 2 893 2 4 ‐‐

  Process Heating ‐‐ 28,974 * * 791 1 3 ‐‐

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ‐‐ 20,435 0 * 8 * 0 ‐‐

  Machine Drive ‐‐ 123,557 * 1 27 * * ‐‐

  Electro‐Chemical Processes ‐‐ 14,315 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use ‐‐ 6,243 0 Q 67 * 1 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess ‐‐ 44,100 * 2 231 2 * ‐‐

  Facility HVAC (f) ‐‐ 20,989 * * 201 1 * ‐‐

  Facility Lighting ‐‐ 16,417 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support ‐‐ 4,590 0 * 24 * * ‐‐

  Onsite Transportation ‐‐ 1,629 ‐‐ 21 2 ‐‐ ‐‐
  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ ‐‐ 0 *1 * * ‐‐

  Other Nonprocess Use ‐‐ 474 * * 4 * 0 ‐‐

End Use Not Reported 1,058 3,150 0 * 16 * 0 1,029

South Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 7,897 335,017 1 6 3,235 5 7 3,194

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel ‐‐ 3,443 1 1 1,431 1 3 ‐‐

  Conventional Boiler Use ‐‐ 3,443 1 * 358 * * ‐‐

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 0 1 1 1,073 1 2 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Process ‐‐ 271,221 * 2 1,662 D 4 ‐‐

  Process Heating ‐‐ 33,833 * 1 1,384 1 3 ‐‐

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ‐‐ 27,262 0 * 10 * * ‐‐

  Machine Drive ‐‐ 177,780 * 1 100 * * ‐‐

  Electro‐Chemical Processes ‐‐ 24,739 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use ‐‐ 7,607 * * 167 D * ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess ‐‐ 55,796 0 3 121 D * ‐‐

  Facility HVAC (f) ‐‐ 29,456 0 * 81 D * ‐‐

  Facility Lighting ‐‐ 17,458 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support ‐‐ 6,282 0 * 17 * 0 ‐‐

  Onsite Transportation ‐‐ 1,527 ‐‐ 32 2 ‐‐ ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ ‐‐ 0 * 19 * 0 ‐‐

  Other Nonprocess Use ‐‐ 1,073 0 * 4 * 0 ‐‐

End Use Not Reported 3,233 4,557 * * 21 * 0 3,194

West Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 1,925 107,011 1 3 666 4 4 739

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel ‐‐ 1,273 * * 257 * 2 ‐‐

  Conventional Boiler Use ‐‐ 1,273 * * 113 * * ‐‐

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 0 * * 143 * 1 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Process ‐‐ 80,605 * 1 360 3 3 ‐‐

  Process Heating ‐‐ 8,063 * * 330 3 2 ‐‐

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ‐‐ 11,107 0 * 1 * * ‐‐

  Machine Drive ‐‐ 50,913 0 * 16 * * ‐‐

  Electro‐Chemical Processes ‐‐ 6,079 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use ‐‐ 4,443 0 * 12 * Q ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess ‐‐ 23,947 * 2 47 1 0 ‐‐

  Facility HVAC (f) ‐‐ 11,886 0 * 35 * 0 ‐‐

  Facility Lighting ‐‐ 8,647 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support ‐‐ 1,766 0 * 6 * 0 ‐‐

  Onsite Transportation ‐‐ 548 ‐‐ 1* 1 ‐‐ ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ ‐‐ * *4 * 0 ‐‐

  Other Nonprocess Use ‐‐ Q0 * 2 * 0 ‐‐

End Use Not Reported 746 1,186 0 * 2 * 0 739

   (a) Net Electricity is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred out. It does not

include electricity inputs from onsite cogeneration or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been included as generating fuel (for example, coal).    

    (b) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.      

    (c) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, gas brokers, marketers, and any

marketing subsidiaries of utilities.        

    (d) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐butane mixtures, and isobutane produced

at refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).   

    (e) Other includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to produce heat and power.  

    (f) Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (Facility HVAC) excludes steam and hot water.   

    * Estimate less than 0.5.                    

    D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.          

    Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.        

    NA=Not available.                      

    ‐‐ Estimation is not applicable.                  

    S=Negative value.                      

    Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The estimates presented in this table are for the total consumption of energy (formerly total inputs of

energy) for the production of heat, power, and electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produced.  Specifically, the estimates include the quantities of energy that were

originally produced offsite and purchased by or transferred to the establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy or input materials not classified as energy, or

were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. Allocations to specific end uses are made on the basis of reasonable approximations by respondents.      

    Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐

FY20‐260).   
Released: February 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2022.

RSE Table 5.5     Relative Standard Errors for Table 5.5;                               Unit: Percents.

    Distillate     

Fuel Oil Coal

Net Residual and Natural HGL (excluding (excluding Coal

End Use Total Electricity(a) Fuel Oil Diesel Fuel(b) Gas(c) natural gasoline)(d) Coke and Breeze) Other(e)

Total United States

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 0.7 1.8 2.5 7.9 0.9 3.9 3.3 0.8

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel ‐‐ 4.4 0.7 7.0 1.0 9.2 0.2 ‐‐

  Conventional Boiler Use ‐‐ 4.4 1.3 17.8 1.7 12.1 1.8 ‐‐

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ X 0.2 4.2 1.2 14.0 0.1 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Process ‐‐ 1.5 6.3 16.3 1.3 D 5.9 ‐‐

  Process Heating ‐‐ 2.6 6.3 29.1 1.4 6.7 0.2 ‐‐

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ‐‐ 4.7 0.0 8.5 4.8 20.0 4.9 ‐‐

  Machine Drive ‐‐ 1.8 72.5 14.9 3.4 40.8 0.0 ‐‐

  Electro‐Chemical Processes ‐‐ 2.6 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use ‐‐ 5.1 90.0 46.3 3.3 D 31.0 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess ‐‐ 4.0 30.1 6.5 3.3 D 17.7 ‐‐

  Facility HVAC (f) ‐‐ 4.0 7.4 29.2 3.9 D 27.6 ‐‐

  Facility Lighting ‐‐ 5.6 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support ‐‐ 2.9 X 49.1 6.2 19.2 0.0 ‐‐

  Onsite Transportation ‐‐ 5.0 ‐‐ 6.3 13.4 4.6 ‐‐ ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ ‐‐ 0.0 23.8 1.3 46.3 0.0 ‐‐

  Other Nonprocess Use ‐‐ 19.7 61.2 24.7 12.1 15.0 X ‐‐

End Use Not Reported 0.8 13.1 0.0 12.7 8.5 21.8 X 0.8

Northeast Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 2.6 5.2 5.3 28.8 4.0 8.7 0.3 1.4

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel ‐‐ 9.9 0.3 14.9 3.9 12.9 0.1 ‐‐

  Conventional Boiler Use ‐‐ 9.9 0.0 7.1 5.5 9.0 0.0 ‐‐

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ X 0.8 23.1 5.3 47.6 0.1 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Process ‐‐ 5.7 0.8 38.6 6.4 16.2 0.1 ‐‐

  Process Heating ‐‐ 8.5 0.8 51.0 7.3 17.8 0.1 ‐‐

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ‐‐ 16.0 0.0 52.1 10.1 63.9 X ‐‐

  Machine Drive ‐‐ 5.3 0.0 25.2 3.7 38.5 0.0 ‐‐

  Electro‐Chemical Processes ‐‐ 2.5 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use ‐‐ 20.3 50.9 13.1 18.5 40.8 0.0 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess ‐‐ 5.4 31.6 19.1 5.8 11.8 68.0 ‐‐

  Facility HVAC (f) ‐‐ 5.8 7.4 38.4 5.8 19.3 70.9 ‐‐

  Facility Lighting ‐‐ 5.9 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support ‐‐ 8.9 X 85.8 11.1 30.9 0.0 ‐‐

  Onsite Transportation ‐‐ 10.2 ‐‐ 12.1 35.1 15.6 ‐‐ ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ ‐‐ 0.0 40.6 0.9 62.3 X ‐‐

  Other Nonprocess Use ‐‐ 43.7 61.5 43.3 58.3 42.9 X ‐‐

End Use Not Reported 1.5 40.9 X 88.8 29.1 22.2 X 1.4

Midwest Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 1.4 2.5 29.3 20.0 2.2 7.0 0.3 1.4

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel ‐‐ 10.5 13.5 31.8 2.3 14.1 0.3 ‐‐

  Conventional Boiler Use ‐‐ 10.5 24.0 7.7 2.7 18.9 0.0 ‐‐

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ X 0.3 39.0 3.6 21.2 0.3 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Process ‐‐ 2.5 73.8 37.6 3.2 9.6 0.3 ‐‐

  Process Heating ‐‐ 5.9 74.2 12.4 3.5 10.4 0.4 ‐‐

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ‐‐ 4.1 X 12.6 7.5 24.2 X ‐‐

  Machine Drive ‐‐ 3.0 89.7 26.5 10.1 13.8 0.0 ‐‐

  Electro‐Chemical Processes ‐‐ 8.3 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use ‐‐ 10.9 X 73.8 5.9 20.8 0.0 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess ‐‐ 3.8 11.1 15.1 5.5 8.4 0.0 ‐‐

  Facility HVAC (f) ‐‐ 3.7 72.9 38.8 6.2 25.2 0.0 ‐‐

  Facility Lighting ‐‐ 4.9 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support ‐‐ 5.1 X 25.1 6.0 29.5 0.0 ‐‐

  Onsite Transportation ‐‐ 8.6 ‐‐ 16.5 7.4 7.5 ‐‐ ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ ‐‐ X 14.2 16.6 23.7 0.0 ‐‐
  Other Nonprocess Use ‐‐ 13.7 8.7 25.9 7.0 50.2 X ‐‐

End Use Not Reported 1.4 30.0 X 0.0 8.1 37.8 X 1.4

South Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 0.8 2.0 1.0 6.6 1.0 6.1 0.2 1.2

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel ‐‐ 4.1 0.1 3.4 1.2 18.3 0.5 ‐‐

  Conventional Boiler Use ‐‐ 4.1 0.1 9.1 2.6 31.8 8.1 ‐‐

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ X 0.3 3.2 1.4 21.2 0.0 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Process ‐‐ 1.9 8.0 15.4 1.3 D 0.2 ‐‐

  Process Heating ‐‐ 2.7 5.7 28.7 1.3 10.0 0.2 ‐‐

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ‐‐ 4.5 X 0.1 8.3 25.1 67.5 ‐‐

  Machine Drive ‐‐ 2.4 97.3 20.4 2.9 30.7 0.0 ‐‐

  Electro‐Chemical Processes ‐‐ 0.9 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use ‐‐ 4.1 91.0 36.7 3.9 D 0.0 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess ‐‐ 3.6 X 8.6 5.6 D 58.6 ‐‐

  Facility HVAC (f) ‐‐ 3.9 X 47.7 7.4 D 58.6 ‐‐

  Facility Lighting ‐‐ 4.3 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support ‐‐ 5.1 X 3.6 16.0 35.3 X ‐‐

  Onsite Transportation ‐‐ 9.3 ‐‐ 7.0 22.9 7.8 ‐‐ ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ ‐‐ X 15.9 1.7 1.0 X ‐‐

  Other Nonprocess Use ‐‐ 11.1 X 31.7 5.0 16.8 X ‐‐

End Use Not Reported 1.2 15.8 0.0 0.1 15.4 27.7 X 1.2

West Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 2.9 9.8 7.0 14.0 3.2 9.8 15.8 0.7

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel ‐‐ 6.3 0.0 29.6 3.1 8.6 0.0 ‐‐

  Conventional Boiler Use ‐‐ 6.3 0.0 45.2 5.7 2.0 0.0 ‐‐

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ X 0.0 6.4 3.4 31.4 0.0 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Process ‐‐ 7.2 9.5 25.6 3.5 13.4 25.0 ‐‐

  Process Heating ‐‐ 3.8 9.5 8.9 3.5 12.5 0.5 ‐‐

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ‐‐ 22.2 X 30.0 10.8 15.6 0.0 ‐‐

  Machine Drive ‐‐ 7.3 X 46.7 23.8 68.4 0.0 ‐‐

  Electro‐Chemical Processes ‐‐ 1.6 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use ‐‐ 12.3 X 59.9 24.0 28.0 79.2 ‐‐

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess ‐‐ 20.9 0.0 15.3 9.7 9.2 X ‐‐

  Facility HVAC (f) ‐‐ 21.0 X 48.9 12.7 20.5 X ‐‐

  Facility Lighting ‐‐ 28.7 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support ‐‐ 5.5 X 30.7 10.1 21.0 X ‐‐

  Onsite Transportation ‐‐ 8.5 ‐‐ 15.2 7.6 10.4 ‐‐ ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ ‐‐ 0.0 30.1 0.1 74.3 X ‐‐

  Other Nonprocess Use ‐‐ 51.1 X 75.1 16.2 52.6 X ‐‐

End Use Not Reported 0.7 20.4 X 0.0 12.4 40.1 X 0.7

   (a) Net Electricity is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred out. It does not

include electricity inputs from onsite cogeneration or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been included as generating fuel (for example, coal).

    (b) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.      

    (c) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, gas brokers, marketers, and

any marketing subsidiaries of utilities.        

    (d) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐butane mixtures, and isobutane

produced at refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).    

    (e) Other includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to produce heat and

power.      

    (f) Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (Facility HVAC) excludes steam and hot water.   

    * Estimate less than 0.5.                    

    D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.          

    Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.

    X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a data table value of zero.           

    NA=Not available.                      

    ‐‐ Estimation is not applicable.                  

    S=Negative value.                      

    Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The estimates presented in this table are for the total consumption of energy (formerly total

inputs of energy) for the production of heat, power, and electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produced.  Specifically, the estimates include the quantities of

energy that were originally produced offsite and purchased by or transferred to the establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy or input materials not

classified as energy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. Allocations to specific end uses are made on the basis of reasonable approximations by respondents.  

    Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID:

CBDRB‐FY20‐260).