[Cite as In re K.G. , 2021-Ohio-1182.] IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO

CLERMONT COUNTY

IN RE: K.G., et al. :

:

:

: CASE NOS. CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

O P I N I O N 4/7/2021

APPEAL FROM CLERMONT COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS JUVENILE DIVISION Case Nos. 2018JC05072, 2018JC05073, and 2018JC05074

Stringer Law, LLC, Elizabeth Stringer, P.O. Box 382, Springboro , Ohio 45066, for appellant Mark J. Tekulve, Clermont County Prosecuting Attorney, Nicholas A. Horton, 76 South Riverside Drive, 2nd Floor, Batavia, Ohio 45103, for appellee, Clermont County Department of Job and Family Services Denise S. Barone, 385 North Street, Batavia, Ohio 45103, for ap pellee, Father Shur Law, Co. LPA, Amie L. Wright, 4555 Lake Forest Drive, Suit e 650, Cincinnati, Ohio 45242, guardian ad litem Faris and Faris LLC, Matthew V. Faris, 40 South Third Street, B atavia, Ohio 45103, for prior custodian

M. POWELL, J. {¶1} Mother appeals the decision of the Clermont County Court of Com mon Pleas, Juvenile Division, which terminated her parental rights and gra nted permanent custody of her three children to the Clermont County Department of Job and Family ServicesClermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 2 - ("CCDJFS" or "the agency"). The children subject of this appea l are K.G., born August 30, 2007, J.G., born July 5, 2011, and M.G., born May 10, 2013. Th e children's biological father ("Father") did not appeal the juvenile court's decision to gran t permanent custody of the

children to CCDJFS. {¶2} For the reasons described below, this court affirms the juvenil e court's

decisions. Facts and Procedural History {¶3} The agency initially became involved with Mother's children in 2016, when J.G. arrived to school in his pajamas and the school contacted children's services. At that point, the children began living with their maternal grandmothe r ("Grandmother"). 1 Mother was subsequently evicted from her apartment and lived with Gran dmother and the children for a short period. Thereafter, Mother tested positive for met hamphetamine and the children

remained in Grandmother's care. {¶4} On April 19, 2018, CCDJFS filed complaints requesting the juven ile court grant it temporary custody of K.G., J.G., and M.G. The complai nts alleged that K.G., J.G., and M.G. were neglected children. According to the complaints, an ongoing case was opened with Mother on May 17, 2017 due to concerns of drug use. The complaint alleged Mother had not completed any s ervices requested by CCDJFS and h ad minimal to no contact with the agency. The complaint also alleged there was a "drug raid" at the home, where drugs and paraphernalia were discovered in the residence. CCDJFS attempted to locate alternate caregivers, however none were found.

1. Despite references in the record to Grandmother as the chil dren's "custodian" and "legal custodian" there is nothing in the record reflecting that Grandmother was ever g ranted "legal custody" of the children by court order or that the children's residence with Grandmother was oth er than an informal arrangement between mother, CCDJFS, and Grandmother.Clermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 3 - {¶5} Upon receiving CCDJFS's complaint, the juvenile court granted t emporary custody of the children to the agency and appointed the childre n with a guardian ad litem. At that point, the children were placed together in a foster ho me. {¶6} On May 22, 2018, an adjudication hearing was held before the ju venile court magistrate. Mother, Father, and Grandmother, as well as their counsel and the guardian ad litem, were present at the hearing. The magistrate adjudica ted K.G., J.G., and M.G., as dependent children based upon the stipulation of the parties. On June 8, 2018, the juvenile court adopted the magistrate's adjudication decision. {¶7} On July 5, 2018, the juvenile court magistrate held a dispositi onal hearing. At the hearing, Mother and Father consented to the agency receivin g temporary custody of the children. The magistrate issued a decision memorializing t he hearing, which included approving and journalizing the case plans for Mother, Father, a nd Grandmother. 2 The juvenile court subsequently adopted the magistrate's dispositio n decision in its entirety and granted temporary custody of the children to CCDJFS. {¶8} The case plans required Mother and Father to implement stabilit y in the children's lives and to participate in parent education. The c ase plan further required Mother and Father to remain drug free, to engage in drug treatment, an d to follow all

recommendations from their treatment. Mother and Father were r equired to obtain and maintain safe and appropriate housing, which included no crimin al activity, drug activity, or unknown individuals in the home. Mother's case plan further re quired Mother to obtain and maintain income and to follow the terms of her probation. Fath er's case plan required

2. As Grandmother is neither a party to this appeal, a natural parent of the children, nor a person having or seeking legal custody of the children, we will restrict our dis cussion to Mother's and Father's case plan requirements and performance. We will refer to Grandmother and Grandmother's case plan requirements and performance only as relevant to Mother's arguments on appea l or the juvenile court's judgment granting the motion for permanent custody.Clermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 4 - Father to obtain and maintain appropriate and safe housing, as well as income to support his family. The case plan further required Father to engage in a mental health assessment

and follow all recommendations. {¶9} Over the next several months, Mother regularly attended visitat ion with the children and made progress on her case plan services. However, while this case remained pending, Mother was charged with violating her probation as she had resumed trafficking in drugs and remained in contact with a boyfriend who was incar cerated for drug-related charges. Mother was also indicted on drug charges and attempte d tampering with evidence stemming from the April 2018 drug raid at Grandmother's home. Mother was incarcerated in June 2019 on a prior theft charge and was subsequently place d in the residential MonDay program in August 2019. Mother's incarceration impeded her cas e plan progress. {¶10} Like Mother, Grandmother was indicted on felony drug charges fr om the April 2018 drug raid at her home and was ultimately sentenced to 30 m onths in prison as a result of the charges. {¶11} The record indicates Father's continued substance abuse prevent ed any progress on his case plan services. Father also did not regula rly visit with the children and struggled to maintain a positive relationship with the children

. {¶12} On November 4, 2019, CCDJFS moved for permanent custody of the children. In support of its motions, CCDJFS alleged the childr en had been in the temporary custody of CCDJFS for 12 or more months of a consecutive 22-mon th period. The motions further alleged the children had been abandoned by Father and t hat they could not be placed with either of their parents within a reasonable time. CCDJFS further alleged that the best interests of the children would be served by an award of permanent custody to

CCDJFS.Clermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 5 - The Permanent Custody Hearing {¶13} On January 24, 2020, a juvenile court magistrate held a hearing regarding the agency's motions for permanent custody. {¶14} In support of the grant of permanent custody, CCDJFS first intr oduced the testimony of the lead attorney from the Clermont County Child S upport Division. The attorney indicated Mother has a monthly court-ordered child sup port obligation for all three children. The monthly order totals $485.21, which includes an arrearage order of $79.28 per month. The attorney testified Mother currently owes $3,237 .37 in arrears. At the time of the hearing, Mother was working at Frisch's and child suppor t was deducted from her

wages. {¶15} The attorney also testified Father has a monthly support order, which totals $372.81 per month, and includes an arrearage order of $60.90 pe r month. According to the attorney, the child support division had utilized several admin istrative enforcement techniques against Father; however, he had never made a payment on the account. At the time of the hearing, Father owed $4,629.74. {¶16} The CCDJFS caseworker assigned to the case testified that Fathe r had not completed any of his case plan services. Father had not visite d the children since March 2019 and had been unreachable since July 2019. With regard to Grandmother, the caseworker testified that due to the length of her incarceratio n, Grandmother was not in a position to receive custody of the children or comply with the requirements of her case plan. {¶17} The caseworker noted that Mother was released from the MonDay p rogram in December 2019, after successfully completing the program in six months. Prior to her placement in the MonDay program, Mother was incarcerated in the county jail from June 2019 until August 2019. At the time of the hearing, Mother was free from custody, butClermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 6 - remained on probation. The caseworker indicated Mother had not seen the children since her release from the MonDay program due to scheduling issues. Prior to her incarceration, Mother was consistently visiting with the children from April 2 018, when the children were removed from Grandmother's care, until her incarceration in Jun e 2019. {¶18} The caseworker identified the agency's concerns with Mother's r eunification with the children. Specifically, although Mother was working 2 0 hours a week, she did not have safe and suitable housing at the time of the hearing. The caseworker indicated Mother was living with her aunt, who was not willing to have the child ren in her home, and all other kinship or relative placements were unsuitable for the children . According to the caseworker, Mother stated she planned to find suitable housing after getting her driver's license reinstated and getting her car "on the road." The case worker testified Mother "knows she can't [find suitable housing] at this moment." The caseworker was concerned about Mother's inability to provide stability for the children. Specifically, even after Mother has completed all aspects of the case plan, including obtaining suitable housing and income, she must demonstrate that she can maintain those things

. {¶19} The caseworker explained that during the time the children have been in CCDJFS's care, they have been in the same foster home, with fos ter parents who are meeting the needs of the children. According to the caseworker , the children are doing well

in the foster home and the fost er parents are willing to adopt the children if permanent custody was granted to the agency. Thus, the caseworker conclu ded the foster home is permanent placement for the children. {¶20} The foster father of the children ("Foster Father") testified t hat he and his wife

love the children and feel bonded with them. He further indica ted the children seemed to love their foster parents right away. Foster Father said that the children were doing well,Clermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 7 - excelling in school, and engaging in social activities with the family. All three children were involved in various sports at the time of the hearing. The chi ldren were attending counseling to address possible sexual abuse they may have suffered prior t o their placement with the foster parents. Foster Father testified that the children enjo y an extended family that do "all the stuff" a family would do, including attending birthdays, mo vies, and vacations. {¶21} Foster Father described the children's visits with Mother at th e MonDay program. According to Foster Father, he and his wife took the children to visit Mother because they knew the children loved Mother, and the foster par ents did not want to take away the children's opportunity to see Mother. Foster Father i ndicated the visits with Mother tended to trigger adverse behavioral changes in the children, s uch as forgetting the rules of the house and no longer behaving in their typical "mild mannere d" ways. {¶22} Foster Father confirmed his and his wife's intention to adopt t he children and that they have the financial means and desire to raise the chil dren. While Foster Father admitted he and his wife did not have the licensing to adopt th e children at the time of the hearing, he testified "it's something that we can definitely ge t." {¶23} The CCDJFS adoption supervisor testified that if permanent cust ody was granted to the agency, the children would be placed in the adop tion unit within 45 days, and would begin the matching process within the following 90 days. The adoption supervisor indicated she hoped the children's foster parents would be appr oved for adoption by the time of the children's "match meeting," and the children could be placed with Foster Father

and his wife. {¶24} Mother testified at the hearing and indicated the agency should not be granted permanent custody and the children should be placed with her. Mother detailed the various case plan services she had completed throughout the case, inclu ding successfullyClermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 8 - completing the MonDay program, as well as completing substance abuse treatment, parenting classes, and a class directed towards domestic violen ce. Mother attended church services while she was in the MonDay program and worked as a co ok while incarcerated in the county jail. {¶25} Mother asserted that she had stable income in compliance with t he case plan. Mother indicated she began working at Frisch's three weeks befo re the hearing and made $10.25 per hour. At the time of hearing, Mother was working pa rt time but believed her hours would increase to 40 hours per week in the near future. Mother conceded that most of her paycheck went to her child support payment; however, she planned to find a higher paying job in the future. {¶26} Mother admitted she did not have housing at the time of the hea ring, but was living rent-free with her aunt. According to Mother, she had l ooked into low-income housing options and planned to save money in order to obtain housing. Mother expressed concern with renting a three-bedroom apartment large enough for herself and the children prior to officially receiving custody of the children. Mother described some challenges she faced with obtaining suitable housing. Specifically, Mother testifie d she had been evicted on two prior occasions, one of which was from public housing, and that she was ineligible to rent certain properties due to her felony convictions. Despite thes e challenges, Mother indicated she had found an apartment for $360 per month. {¶27} Mother acknowledged that she did not have a driver's license at the time of the hearing, but indicated she was saving money to pay the $650 reinstatement fee. According to Mother, she would have enough to pay the reinstate ment fee in two weeks. Mother testified that in the months following the reinstatement of her license, she would obtain car insurance, retrieve her car from Grandmother, and ge t a new job making moreClermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 9 - money in order to obtain suitable housing. At the time of the hearing, Mother testified she had saved $500, which she planned to use to get her driver's li cense reinstated. {¶28} With regard to her substance abuse problem, Mother detailed her various drug convictions including a conviction for trafficking cocaine , aggravated trafficking of fentanyl, and attempting to tamper with evidence. 3 Mother admitted that she was in the midst of drug treatment when she was arrested on one of the dru g charges. Despite testing positive for cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and methamphetamine on several occasions, Mother testified she had used marijuana on one occasion, but di d not use the remaining illegal substances. Rather, Moth er explained that her positive tests were a result of handling and selling the drugs, not from her active use. According to M other, her ex-fiancé, who she was in a relationship with for six years, sold drugs "all the t ime," and she helped him sell drugs when he asked her. Mother testified that although she wa s diagnosed with a cocaine dependency, she did not use cocaine. Mother claimed she told t he drug treatment facility she used cocaine in order to receive treatment and get her chil dren back. {¶29} Mother testified she had complied with her objectives and treat ment goals since her release from the MonDay program in December 2019. Mo ther further testified that she is on probation for five years as a result of her crim inal charges, and is drug tested once a week as a part of her aftercare, and every two weeks as a result of her probation. {¶30} Mother believes she should be able to raise her children and pr ovide for their needs. Mother indicated she knows she can do it, she just need s a "little bit more time to get a place, to show everybody that [she] can do it[.]" If her children could not be with her, Mother would prefer them to be with their current foster parent s. Mother recognized that

3. Mother was also convicted of an unrelated charge of theft d ue to an incident where welfare "overpaid" Mother in food stamps.Clermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 10 - the foster parents do a great job taking care of the children a nd the children are safe, loved, and protected in their current foster home.

The Juvenile Court's Decision {¶31} Following the hearing, the magistrate granted CCDJFS's motions for permanent custody. Mother objected to the magistrate's decisio n. After its review of the evidence and the case file, the juvenile court issued a decisio n overruling Mother's objections and granting CCDJFS's motions for permanent custody. In so holding, the juvenile court determined that K.G., J.G., and M.G. had been in the temporary custody of the agency for at least 12 months of a consecutive 22-month per iod and that CCDJFS had proved by clear and convincing evidence that a grant of permane nt custody was in the

children's best interests. {¶32} Mother now appeals from the juvenile court's decision granting CCDJFS's motions for permanent custody. In support, Mother raises a sin gle assignment of error arguing the juvenile court's decision to grant permanent custod y was not supported by sufficient evidence and was against the manifest weight of the evidence.

Standard of Review {¶33} Before a natural parent's constitutionally protected liberty in terest in the care and custody of his or her child may be terminated, the state is required to prove by clear and convincing evidence that the statutory standards for perman ent custody have been

met. In re K.W. , 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2015-06-124, 2015-Ohio-4315, ¶ 11, ci ting Santosky v. Kramer , 455 U.S. 745, 759, 102 S.Ct. 1388 (1982). An appellate court 's review of a juvenile court's decision granting permanent custody is ge nerally limited to considering whether sufficient credible evidence exists to support the juve nile court's determination. In

re M.B. , 12th Dist. Butler Nos. CA2014-06-130 and CA2014-06-131, 2014- Ohio-5009, ¶ 6.Clermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 11 - This court will therefore reverse a juvenile court's decision t o grant permanent custody only if there is a sufficient conflict in the evidence presented. In re K.A. , 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2016-07-140, 2016-Ohio-7911, ¶ 10. However, even if the juve nile court's decision is supported by sufficient evidence, "an appellate court may never theless conclude that the judgment is against the manifest weight of the evidence." In re T.P. , 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2015-08-164, 2016-Ohio-72, ¶ 19. {¶34} As with all challenges to the manifest weight of the evidence, in determining whether a juvenile court's decision is against the manifest wei ght of the evidence in a permanent custody case, an appellate court "'weighs the evidenc e and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses and determin es whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the finder of fact clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the judgment must be reversed and a new trial ordered.'" In re

S.M. , 12th Dist. Case Nos. CA2018-08-088 thru CA2018-08-091 and CA2 018-08-095 thru CA2018-08-097, 2019-Ohio-198, ¶ 16, quoting Eastley v. Volkman , 132 Ohio St.3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, ¶ 20. The presumption in weighing the evidence is in favor of the finder of fact, which we are especially mindful of in custody cases. In re C.Y. , 12th Dist. Butler Nos. CA2014-11-231 and CA2014-11-236 thru CA2014-11-238, 2015-O hio-1343, ¶ 25. Therefore, "[i]f the evidence is susceptible to more than one c onstruction, the reviewing court is bound to give it that interpretation which is consiste nt with the verdict and judgment, most favorable to sustaining the verdict and judgment." Eastley at ¶ 21. Two-Part Permanent Custody Test {¶35} Pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(B)(1), the juvenile court may termina te parental rights and award permanent custody of a child to a children ser vices agency if the court makes findings pursuant to a two-part test. In re G.F. , 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2013-12-Clermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 12 - 248, 2014-Ohio-2580, ¶ 9. First, the juvenile court must find that the grant of permanent custody to the agency is in the best interest of the child, uti lizing, in part, the factors of R.C. 2151.414(D). In re D.K.W. , 12th Dist. Clinton No. CA2014-02-001, 2014-Ohio-2896, ¶ 21. Second, pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a) to (e), the juvenile court must find that any of the following apply: (1) the child is abandoned; (2) the child is orphaned; (3) the child has been in the temporary custody of the agency for at least 12 mon ths of a consecutive 22- month period; (4) where the preceding three factors do not appl y, the child cannot be placed with either parent within a reasonable time or should not be pl aced with either parent; or (5) the child or another child in the custody of the parent from wh ose custody the child has been removed, has been adjudicated an abused, neglected, or dep endent child on three separate occasions. In re C.B. , 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2015-04-033, 2015-Ohio-3709, ¶ 10. Only one of these findings must be met to satisfy the se cond prong of the two-part permanent custody test. In re A.W. , 12th Dist. Fayette No. CA2014-03-005, 2014-Ohio3188, ¶ 12. The Juvenile Court's Analysis {¶36} As it relates to the second part of the two-part permanent cust ody test, the juvenile court found K.G., J.G., and M.G. had been in the tempo rary custody of CCDJFS for more than 12 months of a consecutive 22-month period as of the November 4, 2019 motion for permanent custody. This finding is not disputed by Mother and is supported by the record, as the children have been in the temporary custody of the agency since April 2018. Instead, Mother disputes that granting permanent custody of the children to the agency was in K.G.'s, J.G.'s, and M.G.'s best interests. We fi nd no merit to Mother's claims. {¶37} When considering the best interest of a child in a permanent cu stody hearing, the juvenile court is required under R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) to con sider all relevant factors,Clermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 13 - including, but not limited to (1) the interaction and interrela tionship of the child with the child's parents, siblings, relatives, foster caregivers and out -of-town providers, and any other person who may significantly affect the child; (2) the wi shes of the child, as expressed directly by the child or through the child's guardian ad litem; (3) the custodial history of the child; (4) the child's need for a legally secured permanent pla cement and whether that type of placement can be achieved without a grant of permanent custo dy to the agency; and (5) whether any of the factors listed in R.C. 2151.414(E)(7) to (11 ) apply in relation to the parents and child. {¶38} Initially, with respect to the children's relevant interactions and relationships with those who may significantly impact their young lives, the juvenile court discussed the children's relationships with each other, Mother, Father, Grand mother, and their foster parents. The juvenile court found that although Father initial ly visited with the children, he had only visited the children once since December 2018. The ju venile court further found that although Grandmother was the custodian of the children whe n the agency was granted custody, and had visited with the children prior to her incarce ration, she was currently serving two and one-half years in prison. {¶39} With regard to the children's relationships with Mother, the ju venile court found that Mother visited with the children on a regular basis when s he had the ability to do so. This included visiting with the children after she entered the MonDay program in August 2019. The juvenile court noted that Mother clearly loves her c hildren. {¶40} Continuing with this factor, the juvenile court found the child ren had been in their foster parents' home since April 2018 and had been given the opportunity to participate in sporting activities in their free time. The juvenile court indicated the children enjoy spending time outdoors with their foster family and socializing with their foster parents'Clermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 14 - extended families. The juvenile court further noted the foster parents feel bonded to the children and love them, and have ensured the children receive t he mental health treatment they need for future development. {¶41} Next, regarding the children's wishes, the juvenile court relie d upon the guardian ad litem's report and recommendation that permanent cu stody of the children should be granted to CCDJFS. In her report, the guardian ad li tem noted that the children stated they hoped to reunify with Mother, but are "fine with be ing adopted by the foster family." {¶42} With regard to the children's custodial histories, the juvenile court reiterated that the children had been in the temporary custody of CCDJFS f or a period in excess of 12 months out of a consecutive 22-month period. The juvenile c ourt further noted that prior to the agency's temporary custody of the children, the children were in the legal custody of

Grandmother. 4 {¶43} When considering the children's need for a legally secure place ment, the juvenile court found that neither Mother, Father, nor Grandmoth er are suitable to provide care for the children. With regard to Father, the juvenile cou rt found that he cannot meet the needs of the children and provide them with a stable and co nsistent environment given his lack of visitation and inability to complete any portion of his case plan. The juvenile court also found Grandmother was unsuitable to provide care for the children and she could not provide a home while serving her sentence in prison. {¶44} The juvenile court credited Mother for completing a portion of her case plan,

4. Once again, there is no indication that Grandmother had eve r been granted legal custody of the children. We construe this finding of the juvenile court as the use of im precise language to convey that the children were living with and primarily cared for by Grandmother as of t he time the children were placed in the temporary custody of CCDJFS.Clermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 15 - but noted remaining concerns regarding Mother's continued traff icking of drugs, her inability to make good decisions and prioritize the welfare of her childr en, and her failure to accept responsibility for her actions. The juvenile court expressed i ts continuing concerns that Mother's part-time job at Frisch's did not produce sufficient i ncome to support the children and obtain housing, and about the challenge she faced in having her driving privileges restored, her historical inab ility to maintain stability and he r lack of motivation to change. {¶45} In contrast, the juvenile court found the foster parents have c onsistently provided a stable home environment for the children since 2018. The juvenile court noted the foster parents' efforts to provide consistency for the chil dren, including encouraging contact between the children and Mother. The juvenile court re iterated that the foster parents have the ability to meet the children's needs, includin g their mental health needs, and provide them greater opportunities for social and physical development through extracurricular activities. In concluding with this factor, th e juvenile court found that by granting permanent custody of the children to the agency, the a gency will be able to arrange an adoption with willing parents, like the foster parents, who can provide a legally secure permanent placement for the children. {¶46} With regard to R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(e), the juvenile court deter mined that Father has abandoned the children, as he has failed to visit or maintain contact with the children for a period in excess of 90 days. {¶47} Based on these findings, the juvenile court found by clear and convincing evidence that it was in K.G.'s, J.G.'s, and M.G.'s best interes ts to grant permanent custody

to CCDJFS. The Appeal {¶48} Mother argues the juvenile court erred in various respects in g ranting theClermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 16 - motion for permanent custody. {¶49} Mother first argues the juvenile court erred by minimizing the weight to be given to the children's bond with her and the effort she made t o remain engaged in their lives. As noted above, there is not one element that is given greater weight or heightened significance than others. In re C.F. , 113 Ohio St. 3d 73, 2007-Ohio-1104. The bond between Mother and the children is only one of the factors the juvenile court must take into consideration when making its best interest determination. {¶50} Further, the record reflects the juvenile court expressly consi dered Mother's love for and bond with the children, as well as her consistent visitation with the children when possible. However, despite Mother's unquestionable love f or her children, and the children's desire to reunify with Mother, the juvenile court de termined permanent custody to the agency was in the children's best interest. Such a deci sion is supported by the record where, as discussed at length below, there are serious concerns regarding Mother's ability to provide a stable and secure home for the children. See In re K.F. , 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2011-12-233, 2012-Ohio-2958, ¶ 39, 51-52 (finding the grant o f permanent custody of the parents' children was in the children's best interests desp ite evidence the parents

maintained consistent visitation with the children and the chil dren and parents were bonded). {¶51} We further note that, although the record indicates Mother enga ged in consistent visitation with the children throughout this case, s uch visitation would not have occurred without the foster parents' desire to maintain consist ency in the children's lives, as well as their recognition of the children's bond with their Mot her. The foster parents were not required to facilitate visitation during Mother's enrollmen t at the MonDay program, however, the foster parents elected to do so for the sake of th e children.Clermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 17 - {¶52} On appeal, Mother ignores the bond that has developed between t he children and their foster parents since 2018. The guardian ad litem rep orted the children were "fine" with being adopted by their foster parents and are bonded with them. Foster Father testified

that he and his wife love the children and the children love th em as well. Since entering the foster home, the children are physically, educationally, and em otionally thriving, and enjoy engaging in family activities with their foster family. The re cord indicates the foster parents are meeting the children's needs and intend to adopt the childr en if permanent custody is granted to CCDJFS. While the foster parents are not currently licensed to do so, Foster Father indicated they could become licensed, and the "hope" is that the children can be permanently placed in their current foster home. {¶53} We also reject Mother's argument that she can provide a legally secure placement for the children. While Mother has completed several of the requirements of her case plan, it is well settled that successful completion of one 's case plan is not dispositive

of the issue of reunification. In re E.B. , 12th Dist. Warren Nos. CA2009-10-139 and CA2009-11-146, 2010-Ohio-1122, ¶ 30 ("it is well-settled that t he completion of case plan services alone does not equate to or necessitate a finding that the parents have substantially remedied the conditions that caused the removal o f the child from the home"). Notably, "the key concern is not whether the parent has success fully completed the case plan, but whether the parent has substantially remedied the con cerns that caused the child's removal from the parent's custody." In re S.M. , 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2015-01-003, 2015-Ohio-2318, ¶ 24. Thus, the case plan is a means to the go al of reunification, but not the goal itself. In re V.N. , 12th Dist. Butler Nos. CA2016-12-229, CA2016-12-230, CA2016- 12-235, and CA2016-12-236, 2017-Ohio-2586, ¶ 34. {¶54} Notwithstanding Mother's near completion of her case plan, the record reflectsClermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 18 - Mother failed to address the agency's ongoing concerns related to her stability. At the time of the hearing, Mother did not have housing that could accommod ate the children, nor could she afford to immediately acquire housing if the children were placed in her care. While Mother contends she has the means to financially support her ch ildren, the record reflects Mother had only been employed for approximately three weeks, an d did not have much disposable income after paying her child support obligation. A lthough Mother indicated she investigated low-income housing options, and had located an apa rtment large enough for her and the children for $360 per month, Mother did not state w hen she could afford to rent such an apartment or when a low-income housing option would bec ome available. We find this concerning, as Mother was working and living rent free at the time of the hearing but remained unable to afford suitable housing and the reinstatemen t of her license before the hearing occurred. This is likely due to Mother only working pa rt time and paying a significant amount of her income towards her child support obligation. Whi le Mother claimed she intended to obtain a higher paying job after reinstating her li cense, as well as her intention to start working 40 hours per week in the near future, Mother d id not produce any evidence to support those assertions. {¶55} Mother argues her failure to relocate by the time of trial does not equate to an inability to secure suitable housing for the children. Mother claims she has several resources available to her and could have arranged "for alterna tive housing for the children with appropriate family or friends, with her in a hotel, or in the worst case [sic] scenario with her in a shelter." This contention highlights the uncertainty regarding Mother's ability to find stable and secure housing for herself and the children, and the instability with Mother's living situation at the time of the permanent custody hearing. {¶56} Moreover, even if it is possible that Mother could quickly obta in suitableClermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 19 - housing suitable for the children, there is no evidence Mother can maintain such housing. Rather, the record indicates Mother has not enjoyed stable hous ing throughout the pendency of this case, as she was incarcerated for a period of time, was evicted from at least one apartment, lived with Grandmother for a short period of time, and has since been living with her aunt, who will not accept the children into her home. Furthermore, part of the agency's concerns regarding Mother's housing relates to her ina bility to keep inappropriate individuals out of the home and away from the children. Becaus e Mother has been unable to obtain any housing for herself and the children throughout t he 21-month pendency of this case, there is no suggestion in the record that Mother can do s o now. {¶57} Given Mother's history, it is reasonable to conclude that Mothe r would be unlikely to provide the children with a permanent and stable ho me. Thus, accepting Mother's claim that she would be able to obtain housing if the children were placed in her care ignores experience. As this court has stated, "[a] child' s life is not an experiment that

can be left to chance." In re. G.W. , 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2019-01-003, 2019-Ohio-1586, ¶ 52. "'The law does not require the court to experiment with a child's welfare to see if the child will suffer great detriment or harm.'" (Internal brackets omitted.) In re B.C. , 12th Dist. Warren Nos. CA2018-03-024 and CA2018-03-027, 2018-Ohio-2673, ¶ 30, quoting In re

R.S.-G. , 4th Dist. Athens No. 15CA2, 2015-Ohio-4245, ¶ 53. "[C]hild[r en] should not have to endure the inevitable to its great detriment and harm in ord er to give the * * * parent an opportunity to prove [their] suitability." In re P.S. , 5th Dist. Licking No. 16-CA-11, 2016- Ohio-3489, ¶ 51. {¶58} Moreover, the record reflects Mother refuses to acknowledge her own faults or take responsibility for her own actions, especially the acti ons related to her substance abuse. Despite acknowledging that she tested positive for seve ral illegal substancesClermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 20 - throughout the case, Mother continues to deny using any illegal substances aside from marijuana. Instead, Mother claims her positive results were a result of handling the substances, not using them. Mother denies she has a cocaine de pendency, and testified she only admitted to such a dependency in order to receive cust ody of her children. Mother minimizes her involvement in her ex-fiancé's long-term drug tra fficking business, which resulted in a felony conviction for Mother. We further note th at Mother failed her first substance treatment program due to her continued trafficking of drugs. Thus, although Mother ultimately completed drug treatment, her continued denia l of any substance abuse issue, in addition to her continued drug trafficking while enga ging in prior treatment, does not portend well for Mother's continued sobriety. {¶59} While Mother requested "a little bit more time" to prove her st ability and obtain suitable housing, a parent "'is afforded a reasonable, not an i ndefinite, period of time to remedy the conditions causing the children's removal.'" In re A.M.L. , 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2013-01-010, 2013-Ohio-2277, ¶ 32, quoting In re L.M. , 11th Dist. Ashtabula No. 2010- A-0058, 2011-Ohio-1585, ¶ 50. The agency has been involved wit h the children since 2016. Thus, at the time of the permanent custody motion, Mother had b een given approximately three years to remedy the agency's concerns. Mother has failed to demonstrate she can provide a safe and stable environment for K.G., J.G., and M.G. It is not in the children's best interest to gamble on the possibility that Mother may be a ble to obtain stability in the future. This is especially true where the children are now thr iving in a stable and secure environment with their foster parents. As a result, Mother's r equest for more time is simply

too late.

Conclusion {¶60} The juvenile court did not err in granting CCDJFS's motions for permanentClermont CA2020-08-047 CA2020-08-048 CA2020-08-049

- 21 - custody. The juvenile court's decision to grant permanent cust ody was supported by clear and convincing evidence and was otherwise not against the manif est weight of the evidence. The juvenile court, just like this court, must act i n a manner that places K.G.'s, J.G.'s and M.G.'s best interests above all else. "'[Children's ] best interests are served by the [children] being placed in a permanent situation that foste rs growth, stability, and security.'" In re D.E. , 12th Dist. Warren Nos. CA2018-03-035 and CA2018-04-038, 2018- Ohio-3341, ¶ 60, quoting In re Keaton , 4th Dist. Ross Nos. 04CA2785 and 04CA2788, 2004-Ohio-6210, ¶ 61. The children need permanency and cannot and should not wait until Mother is able to resolve her issues. A grant of permanent cus tody to the agency, where K.G., J.G., and M.G. can be adopted by a family that can provid e for their needs, is the only solution. Therefore, finding no merit to any of the arguments r aised herein by Mother, Mother's assignment of error is overruled and the juvenile cour t's permanent custody

determination is affirmed. {¶61} Judgment affirmed.

PIPER, P.J., and HENDRICKSON, J., concur.