ATTACHMENT A 
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

QUICKLOOK CRITERIA PARAMETERS

Report Request ID: 843755 Report Code: AMP450 Mar. 7, 2011

Selection Criteria Page 1

User ID: GYE

State County Site Parameter POC City AQCR UAR CBSA CSA

EPA

Region Method Duration Begin Date End Date

39

39

39

023

057

113

0005

0005

0032

GEOGRAPHIC SELECTIONS

PROTOCOL SELECTIONS

Parameter

Classification Parameter Method Duration

QUICK LOOK 88101

SELECTED OPTIONS

EVENTS PROCESSING

MERGE PDF FILES

WORKFILE DELIMITER

Option Type Option Value

EXCLUDE REGIONALLY CONCURRED EVENTS

YES

,

SORT ORDER

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Order Column

PARAMETER_CODE

STATE_CODE

COUNTY_CODE

SITE_ID

POC

DATES

EDT_ID

GLOBAL DATES

2008

Start Date End Date

2010

Tribal

APPLICABLE STANDARDS

Standard Description

PM25 24-hour 2006

PM25 Annual 2006
Mar. 7, 2011

Note: The * indicates that the mean does

not satisfy summary criteria.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

AIR QUALITY SYSTEM

QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)

Page 1 of 4

EXCEPTIONAL DATA TYPES

EDT DESCRIPTION

0

1

2

5

NO EVENTS

EVENTS EXCLUDED

EVENTS INCLUDED

EVENTS WITH CONCURRENCE EXCLUDED
Mar. 7, 2011

Note: The * indicates that the mean does

not satisfy summary criteria.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

AIR QUALITY SYSTEM

QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)

Page 2 of 4

PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Ohio Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)

SITE ID

P

O

C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS

4TH

MAX CERT EDT

39-023-0005

39-023-0005

39-023-0005

39-057-0005

39-057-0005

39-057-0005

39-113-0032

39-113-0032

39-113-0032

39-113-0032

39-113-0032

39-113-0032

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

0287

0287

0287

0287

0287

0287

0287

0287

0287

0287

0287

0287

Springfield

Springfield

Springfield

Yellow 

Springs

Yellow 

Springs

Yellow 

Springs

Dayton

Dayton

Dayton

Dayton

Dayton

Dayton

Clark

Clark

Clark

Greene

Greene

Greene

Montgomery

Montgomery

Montgomery

Montgomery

Montgomery

Montgomery

350 N. 

FOUNTAIN AVE.

350 N. 

FOUNTAIN AVE.

350 N. 

FOUNTAIN AVE.

100 DAYTON 

ST.

100 DAYTON 

ST.

100 DAYTON 

ST.

215 EAST 

THIRD ST.

215 EAST 

THIRD ST.

215 EAST 

THIRD ST.

215 EAST 

THIRD ST.

215 EAST 

THIRD ST.

215 EAST 

THIRD ST.

2008

2009

2010

2008

2009

2010

2008

2009

2010

2008

2009

2010

000

142

142

000

142

142

120

000

145

120

000

145

38.5

37.0

31.3

33.3

32.6

31.2

44.5

32.7

41.9

44.2

29.7

29.4

Y

Y

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

24-HOUR 

98TH

PERCENTILE

VALUE

29.1

26.3

29.5

26.8

25.2

27.6

30.5

26.8

30.4

44.2

25.1

29.4

117

121

122

119

121

104

349

174

119

30

59

57

1ST

MAX

2ND

MAX

3RD

MAX

35.2

32.7

29.9

26.9

28.2

27.9

35.1

29.8

32.7

30.7

25.1

29.4

29.1

26.3

29.5

26.8

25.2

27.6

33.6

27.3

30.4

25.2

22.4

27.6

28.5

24.1

29.4

25.3

23.0

27.2

31.4

26.8

30.2

24.4

21.8

26.1

12.73 

12.41 

13.13 

11.63 

11.51 

13.17*

13.21 

12.43 

13.97 

14.71*

12.02 

13.27 

WTD

ARITH

MEAN
Mar. 7, 2011

Note: The * indicates that the mean does

not satisfy summary criteria.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

AIR QUALITY SYSTEM

QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)

Page 3 of 4

88101

88101

88101

88101

000

120

142

145

MULTIPLE METHODS

Andersen RAAS2.5-300 PM2.5 SEQ w/WINS

BGI Models PQ200-VSCC or PQ200A-VSCC

R & P Model 2025 PM-2.5 Sequential Air Sampler

MULTIPLE METHODS

GRAVIMETRIC

Gravimetric

Gravimetric

PARAMETER

METHOD

CODE COLLECTION METHOD ANALYSIS METHOD

METHODS USED IN THIS REPORT
Mar. 7, 2011

Note: The * indicates that the mean does

not satisfy summary criteria.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

AIR QUALITY SYSTEM

QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)

Page 4 of 4

PQAOS USED IN THIS REPORT

PQAO AGENCY DESCRIPTION

0287 Dayton Regional Air Pollution Control Agency
Environmental

protection Agency

John R. Kasich, Governor

Mary Taylor, Lt. Governor

Scott J. Nally, Director

CERTIFIED MAIL

March 10, 2011

Cheryl L. Newton, Director

Air and Radiation Division

U.S.EPA, Region V

77 West Jackson Boulevard

Chicago, Illinois 60604

RE: 2010 SLAMS PM,.5 and Ozone Data Certification

Dear Ms. Newton:

Please find enclosed our SLAMS Report (AMP-450, AMP-450NC and AMP255) for calendar year 2010 as required in 40 CFR, Part 58, Section

58.15. The ambient concentration and the quality assurance data

have been completely submitted to the AQS database.

The remaining criteria pollutant data will be certified within the

month of April.

I certify that the Ozone and PM,., data in the report are accurate to

the best of our knowledge taking into consideration the quality

assurance findings and only to the extent of the activities

performed by Ohio EPA.

There were no incidents of air pollution that reached or exceeded

levels as specified by Section 51.151 which could cause significant

harm to the health of persons.

Sincerely,

Robert Hodanbosi

Chief, Division of Air Pollution Control

Enclosure

50 West Town Street, Su~e 700

PO. Box 1049

Columbus,OH 43216-1049

61416443020

61416443184 (fax)

www.epa.ohio.gov
ATTACHMENT B 
1

OHIO 

2005 Base Year PM2.5 SIP Inventory 

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency 

Lazarus Government Center 

50 West Town Street, Suite 700 

Columbus Ohio 43215 

Prepared by Ohio EPA 

Division of Air Pollution Control 

Emissions Inventory Unit 

February 2008 
2

Table of Contents 

Section Page

 Introduction ................................................................................................. 3 

1.0 Point Sources ............................................................................................. 4 

 

2.0 Area Sources .............................................................................................. 8 

3.0 Non Road Sources........................................................................15 

4.0 On Road Sources........................................................................................17 

5.0 MAR Sources..............................................................................43 

 

Table 

2-1 Categories included in the 2005 area source Inventory.............................8

2-2 Emission Factors used for Wood Burners included in area sources............11 

3-1 NMIM NCD Tables for Specific Years and States ........................................... 16

4-1 Federal Functional Class Categories............................................................23 

4-2 DVMT Summary by County.................................................................. .24 

4-3 Speed by Federal Functional Class .............................................................28

4-4 Link Group Codes & Associated BPR Curves .......................................... 29 

4-5 Mobile6 Inputs.................................................................................31 

4-6 LADCO Data Output............................................. .............39

4-7 County Summary Table of MPOs by County......................................... .40 

5-1 Number of operations and LTOs for 2005.............................................. 45 

5-2 EDMS Aircraft Emissions ..................................................................50 

5-3 Fleet Emission Factor Categories ........................................................51 

5-4 Pollutant by County (Sample) ............................................................. 54 

. 

Figure

1........................................ Speed Comparison Graphs.....................................27 
3

2005 Base Year PM2.5 SIP Inventory for Ohio 

Introduction 

The State of Ohio has a number of counties with air quality data showing nonattainment for the following PM2.5 standard: 

• Annual Standard = 15.0 ug/m3 

The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) requires all states to revise and submit State 

Implementation Plans (SIP) for areas which are classified as non-attainment of the 1997 

Fine Particle (PM2.5) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The Federal 

Register ( Vol. 72, No. 79/ Wednesday, April 25, 2007) provides the emissions inventory 

rules and regulations for the PM2.5 Clean Air Fine Particle implementation rule. An 

electronic version of the document can be found at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPAAIR/2007/April/Day-25/a6347.pdf. 

As part of the designation of non-attainment areas for PM2.5 standards, a new 

attainment demonstration SIP will be necessary. A key element in the overall SIP 

planning process is the need for an updated emissions inventory. This document 

presents the 2005 Base Year Particulate SIP Emissions Inventory for Ohio as required 

by the CAAA. It includes emissions for point, area, on-road mobile and non-road mobile 

for the State of Ohio. 

This technical report documents the procedures and the methodologies that were used 

in the development of daily emissions for all counties in Ohio. This report describes the 

following: 

1. Identification of stationary and mobile sources included in the 

inventory; 

2. Sources of data, and data collection methods used in the development 

of the inventory; 

3. Methods and procedures used to estimate emissions; and 

4. Assumptions considered in the development of the emissions 

inventories. 

The intent of this report is to describe how the inventory was prepared, and what 

information was considered in the inventory development. 

This document is comprised of 5 sections, one section for each inventory type. The 

biogenic inventory is not being discussed in this document because Ohio EPA did not 

participate in the generation of this inventory. Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium 

(LADCO) ran EPA’s BEIS model in the Emission Modeling System (EMS) to generate 

Summer Weekday emissions for VOC and NOx. 
4

SECTION 1

POINT SOURCES 

Emissions and source specific data for point sources are collected for the 2005 baseyear SIP inventory by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (Ohio EPA.) The 

primary source of data for point sources is facility reported STARShip files. STARShip 

is a software package developed by Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control (DAPC), 

to assist the regulated community in preparing and submitting a variety of electronic 

permit applications and reports to the DAPC. These data are reported by the Title V 

facilities annually as part of the emissions fee/inventory process conducted by Ohio 

EPA and include emissions, process rates, operating schedules, emissions control data 

and other relevant information. 

The STARShip files are electronically transferred to the DAPC and stored into the 

Division’s Oracle database, STARS. The files are reviewed by the local air agencies 

and Ohio EPA district and central office staff. After review, the data are imported into 

Excel and linked with an Access® database to further process the information into the 

federally approved National Emission Inventory (NEI) database format in version 3.0. 

The files are quality assured again using the United States Environmental Protection 

Agency’s (U.S.EPA) QA/QC software for format and content. The data is finally 

submitted to LADCO for emissions processing through the Emissions Modeling System. 

The State provided inventory for Electric Generating Units (EGU) is replaced with the 

Federal EGU inventory. The EGU inventory is compiled by U.S. EPA’s Acid Rain 

Program. It is based on facility reported emissions as measured by continuous 

emissions monitors. In conclusion, the final point source inventory is a hybrid of the 

federal EGU inventory and the state provided non-EGU units. 

A major distinction typically made in emissions inventories is that between point and 

area sources. In this inventory, point sources are sources for which individual records 

are maintained for that source. Such records are maintained for all Ohio Title V facilities 

(706 facilities statewide). The area source inventory accounts for facilities from nonTitle V facilities and calculates emissions information using surrogate emissions factors 

based on energy usage, population, employment records, or other reliable data. A 

more detailed discussion of the area source inventory is provided in Section 2. The 

point source inventory described herein is considered to be the most current and 

accurate source of emissions data available for 2005. 

1.1 Point Source Process Emissions 

Ohio EPA defines point source process emissions as those which occur at an 

identifiable Title V stationary stack or vent. Point source emissions not emitted from 

discrete stacks or vents are termed fugitive emissions and are discussed in Section 1.2. 
5

1.1.1 Source Identification and Data Collection 

The sources to be included in the 2005 base year inventory are identified using the Title 

V STARS database. Facility production and emissions data are included in this 

database. This information is facility-reported actual 2005 emissions. 

1.1.2 Non-reactive VOC Emissions Adjustments 

This section is primarily applicable for VOC pollutants. Sources are required to identify 

emissions of photochemically non-reactive Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC.) Based 

upon this information, those emissions have been specifically excluded from the 2005 

base line inventory in accordance with U.S. EPA’s “Recommended Policy on the 

Control of Volatile Organic Compounds.” A complete list of the compounds that U.S. 

EPA has identified as being photochemically non-reactive, and therefore not included in 

the inventory, are listed below: 

• Methane 

• Ethane 

• Methylene chloride 

• Methyl chloroform 

• Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) 

• Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) 

• Chlorodifluoromethane (CFC-22) 

• Trifluoromethane (HFC-23) 

• Chlorofluoromethance (HCFC-31) 

• Difluoromethane (HFC-32) 

• Decafluoropentane (HFC-43-10mee) 

• Ethylfluoride (HFC-161) 

• Trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113) 

• Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114) 

• Chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115) 

• 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123) 

• 1,1,2-Trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a) 

• 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124) 

• Pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) 

• 1,1,2,2,-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134) 

• 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) 

• 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) 

• 1-Chloro-1,1,-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b) 

• 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (HFC-143a) 

• Fluoroethane (HCFC-151a) 

• 1,1-Difluoroethane (HFC-152a) 

• Pentafluoropropane (HFC-225ca) 

• Pentafluoropropane (HFC-225cb) 

• Hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea) 

• Hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa) 

• Pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ca) 

• Pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ea) 

• Pentafluoropropane (HFC-245eb) 
6

• Pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) 

• Pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc) 

• Parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF) 

• Methoxybutane 

• Nonaflourobutane 

• Heptafluoropropane ((CF3)2CFCF2OCH3) 

• Heptafluoropropane ((CF3)CFCF2OC2H5) 

• Perchloroethylene 

• Cyclic, branched or linear completely methylated siloxanes 

• Methyl acetate 

• Volatile methyl siloxanes 

• Acetone 

1.1.3 Emissions Estimation Methodologies 

Since source reported actual annual emissions are used in the 2005 base year 

inventory, no estimation methods are necessary. The reports are provided to LADCO in 

National Emissions Inventory Input Format (NIF) 3.0 format. LADCO imported and 

processed the NIF files in EMS and applied temporal and spatial profiles to the annual 

emissions to calculate weekday emissions rates. The final point source inventory is 

split into two separate reports, the Electric Generating Units (EGU) which is the U.S. 

EPA inventory for electric generating units and the non-EGU which is the state inventory 

minus the EGU units. 

1.2 Point Source Fugitive Emissions 

Another type of emissions data which is required to be filed from point sources is 

fugitive emissions. Before 1990, fugitive emissions were categorized as area sources 

due to the lack of detailed information available for fugitive sources. However, since 

these emissions are now electronically reported in the State’s ORACLE database, 

STARS, these emissions can be classified as point sources. 

1.3 References 

Getting Started: Emissions Inventory Methods for PM2.5 U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, September, 1999. 

Emissions Inventory Guidance for Implementation of Ozone and Particulate Matter 

National Ambient Air Qaulity Standards (NAAQS) and Regional Haze Regulations, 

Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards Research, Triangle Park, NC. November 

2005. 

Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors, Fourth Edition and Supplements, AP-42. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, September 1985. 
7

Preparing 2002 Regional PM2.5 Emissions QAQPS PM Inventory Conference Inventory 

Conference San Diego, 2003. 

Documentation for the 2002 Electric Generating Unit National Emissions Inventory 

(NEI). Eastern research group, Inc., 1600 Perimeter Park Drive, Morrisville, NC 27560 

and E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc., 5528–B Hempstead Way 
8

SECTION 2 

AREA SOURCES 

Area sources are sources which are typically small, individual, numerous, and have not 

been inventoried as specific point, mobile, or biogenic sources. For inventory purposes, 

they are grouped with other like sources into categories that allow emissions to be 

calculated collectively using one methodology. Since area sources are traditionally 

defined at the county level, most methods are designed to estimate area source 

emissions at the county level. 

Ohio EPA has either used published Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP)6

methodologies or selected other methodologies which are shared by other states. The 

decision of which methodology to use was largely based on Ohio’s data availability. 

Data which was not available on a county-level is estimated by assigning a percentage 

of the state’s total activity to each county based on the state’s population or employment 

information. If Ohio county specific activity data is available through Ohio EPA or other 

State Agencies, that data is used rather than allocating activity by percentage. Table 2-1 

lists the sources which emit PM2.5, NOx and SO2 along with the respective EFs used to 

calculate each pollutant. 

Table 2-1 Categories in the 2005 PM2.5 SIP Area Source inventory 

Area Source NOx PM2.5 SO2 Section 

Commercial Natural 

Gas Combustion 94 lb/MMSCF 7.6 lb/MMSCF 0.6 lb/MMSCF 2.1 

Industrial Distillate Oil 

Combustion 20 lb/E3gal fuel 0.25 lb/E3gal fuel 42.6 lb/E3gal fuel 2.2 

Industrial Residual Oil 

Combustion 55 lb/E3gal fuel 4.67 lb/E3gal fuel 157 lb/E3gal fuel 2.2 

Industrial Natural Gas 

Combustion 94 lb/MMSCF 7.6 lb/MMSCF 0.6 lb/MMSCF 2.2 

Residential Coal 

Combustion 9.1 Lb/Ton Coal 3.8 Lb/Ton Coal 31 Lb/Ton Coal 2.3 

Residential Distillate 

Oil Combustion 18 lb/E3gal fuel 0.83 lb/E3gal fuel 42.6 lb/E3gal fuel 2.3 

Residential Natural 

Gas Combustion 94 lb/MMSCF 7.6 lb/MMSCF 0.6 lb/MMSCF 2.3 

Residential LPG 

Combustion 13 lb/E3gal fuel 0.17 lb/E3gal fuel 0.1 lb/E3gal fuel 2.3 

Human Cremation 1.01E+01 lb/Ton 

cremated 

0.0637 lb/Ton 

cremated NA 2.4 

Structure Fires 1.4 Lb/Ton 

burned 

10.8 Lb/Ton 

burned NA 2.5 

Outdoor Wood Boilers 2.8 Lb/Ton 2.76E+1 Lb/Ton 4 E-1 Lb/Ton 2.6 
9

Residential Wood 

Combustion 

Non-Certified 

Non-Catalytic 

Catalytic 

2.80E+00 lb/Ton 

2.80E+00 lb/Ton 

2.00E+00 lb/Ton

3.06E+01 lb/Ton 

1.96E+01 lb/Ton 

2.04E+01 lb/Ton 

4.00E-01 lb/Ton 

4.00E-01 lb/Ton 

4.00E-01 lb/Ton 

2.3 

2.1 Commercial Natural Gas Combustion (SCC 2103006000)

The 2005 total state-level commercial sector energy consumption is obtained from the 

Energy Information Administration (EIA)’s State Energy Data System (SEDS), and 

apportioned per county based on population4

. Emissions factors are given in table 2-1. 

The area source emissions are calculated based on an adjusted value by subtracting 

the emissions due to point sources. 

2.2 Industrial Fuel Combustion 

Industrial Distillate Oil Combustion (SCC 2102004000) 

Ohio’s fuel consumption is apportioned per county based on the county’s population4

. 

The area source NOX emissions are calculated and adjusted by subtracting the 

emissions due to point sources. A heating value of 140 MMBTU/1000 Gal is used and 

84,408 thousand gallons are consumed in 2005. [MMBTU stand for Million British 

Thermal Units]. Emissions factors are given in table 2-1. 

SO2 emissions were calculated using EF 42.6 Lb/1000 Gal. PM10 and PM2.5 emissions

are calculated using 1Lb/1000 Gal and 0.25 Lb/1000 Gal respectively. All Factors are 

obtained from AP-4219 

Industrial Residual Oil Combustion (SCC 2102005000) 

Ohio’s fuel consumption is apportioned per county based on the county’s population4

. 

The area source NOX emissions are calculated and adjusted by subtracting the 

emissions due to point sources. 54,652 thousand gallons14 are consumed in 2005 and 

a heating value of 140 MMBTU/1000 Gal is used. The SO2 emissions are calculated 

using EF 157 Lb/1000 Gal. PM10 and PM2.5 emissions are calculated using 7.17 Lb/1000 

Gal and 4.67 Lb/1000 Gal respectively. All factors are obtained from AP-4219 

Industrial Natural Gas Combustion (SCC 2102006000) 

Ohio’s fuel consumption is apportioned per county based on the county’s population4

. 

The area source NOX emissions are calculated and adjusted by subtracting the 

emissions due to point sources. 293,857 MMCF14 are consumed in 2005. The SO2
10

emissions are calculated using EF 0.6 Lb/MMBTU. The PM10 and PM2.5 emissions are 

calculated using 7.6 Lb/MMBTU. All factors were obtained from AP-4219 

2.3 Residential Fuel Combustion 

Residential Coal Combustion (SCC 2104001000) 

Ohio’s household consumption of coal is apportioned per county based on county 

population4

. NOX emissions are calculated using EF of 9.1 of coal. The SO2 emissions 

are calculated using EF 31Lb/1000 Gal. The PM10 and PM2.5 emissions are calculated 

using 6.2Lb/Ton and 3.8 Lb/Ton respectively. All factors were obtained from AP-4219 

Residential Distillate Oil Combustion (SCC 2104004000) 

Ohio’s household consumption of distillate oil is apportioned per county based on 

county population4. NOX emissions are calculated using EF of 18 lb/1000 gallons 

distillate fuel respectively. A heating value of 140 MMBTU/1000 Gal is used. The SO2

emissions are calculated using EF 42.6 Lb/1000 Gal. The PM10 and PM2.5 emissions

are calculated using 1.08Lb/1000 Gal and 0.83 Lb/1000 Gal respectively. All factors are 

obtained from AP-4219 

Residential Liquid Petroleum Gas Combustion (LPG) 

(SCC 2104007000) 

Ohio’s household consumption of LPG is apportioned per county based on county 

population4. NOX emissions are calculated using EF of 13 lb/1000 gallons LPG. The 

SO2 emissions are calculated using EF 0.1 Lb/1000 Gal. The PM10 and PM2.5 emissions

are calculated using 0.17Lb/1000 Gal. All factors are obtained from AP-4219 

Residential Natural Gas Combustion (SCC 2104006010) 

Ohio’s household consumption of LPG is apportioned per county based on county 

population4

. NOX emissions are calculated using EF of 94 lb/MMSCF. MMSCF stands 

for Million Standard Cubic Feet. This source also emits SO2 emissions which are 

calculated using EF 0.6 Lb/MMBTU. The PM10 and PM2.5 emissions are calculated 

using 7.6Lb/MMBTU. All factors are obtained from AP-4219 

Residential Wood Combustion 

NOX emissions from this area source are calculated for seven types of residential 

heating units that utilize wood for fuel. They are listed below with the appropriate SCC: 

Fireplaces without inserts 2104008001 

Fireplaces with inserts catalytic (non-U.S. EPA cert) 2104008002 

Fireplaces with inserts non -catalytic 2104008003 

Fireplaces with inserts catalytic (U.S. EPA cert) 2104008004 

Wood stoves – Conventional 2104008010 

Woodstoves – Catalytic 2104008030 

Wood stoves – Non catalytic 2104008050 
11

The number of Ohio homes with fireplaces are adjusted for those that burn wood. The 

following assumptions are applied to those adjusted homes: 

92 percent of wood combusted in non-certified units 

5.7 percent of wood combusted in non-catalytic units 

2.3 percent of wood combusted in catalytic units 

A state consumption value is applied which is apportioned to each county based on its 

population4

. Table 2-2 shows the EF used for each of the seven types of indoor wood 

burners which make-up this category: 

Table 2-2 Emission Factors Used for Wood Burners 

SCC 2104008002 2104008003 2104008004 

SCC 2104008010 2104008050 2104008030 

SCC 2104008001 

RAPIDS Code Non-Certified Non-Catalytic Catalytic Units 

SO2 4.00E-01 4.00E-01 4.00E-01 Lb/ton 

NOX 2.80E+00 2.80E+00 2.00E+00 Lb/ton 

PM2.5 3.06E+01 1.96E+01 2.04E+01 Lb/ton

To avoid double counting of wood consumption for fuel, this category is adjusted by 

subtracting the wood consumption from OWB to allow this category to account only for 

indoor wood burning emissions. 

Residential Wood combustion also emits SO2 which is calculated using EF 0.4 Lb/Ton 

EF. The PM2.5 emissions are calculated using EF as shown in table 2-2. All factors are 

obtained from AP-4219 

2.4 Human Cremation (SCC 2810060200) 

 

Not all Ohio counties possess a crematory so only those counties with crematories are 

used to calculate the number of cremations and their resulting NOx emissions. The 

2005 cremation data is obtained from the Ohio Department of Health, Vital Statistics17. 

It is estimated that 3% of deaths occur outside the State of Ohio with no available data 

to account for their disposition at the time this area source is being calculated. 

Therefore, those deaths are not accounted for in this category. 

The methodology does not offer an EF for NOx for this category nor is NOx required to 

be calculated for this area source. Ohio feels that it is a combustion source and NOx 

needs to be included in the inventory along with the other combustion sources. 

Through its Permits-to-Install for human cremation, Ohio has selected a NOx EF of 

10.13lb/ton cremated to calculate emissions from this area source. 
12

This source also emits PM, PM10, and PM2.5 emissions which are calculated using EF 

0.1 Lb/Ton, 0.071Lb/Ton and, 0.0637 Lb/Ton respectively. All factors are obtained from 

AP-4219

2.5 Structure Fires (SCC 2810030000) 

The Structure Fires category includes residential and commercial fires resulting from 

unintentional actions. Intentional fires, forest and wildfires, agricultural, and vehicle 

burning are not included in this area source. The State Fire Marshall Office, Fire 

Prevention Bureau15 provided data on the number of structure fires per county in 2005. 

This area source is considered a combustion source for NOX emissions which are 

calculated using EF 1.4 lb/ton burned. The residential and commercial structures fires 

for each county are tabulated and a fuel loading of 1.15 Ton/fire is applied. This source 

also emits PM, PM10, and PM2.5 emissions which are calculated using EF 10.8 Lb/Ton. 

This factor was obtained from AP-4219 

2.6 Outdoor Wood Boilers (SCC 2104008070) 

Outdoor Wood Boilers (OWB), are also known as outdoor water stoves and outdoor 

wood furnaces, are used as outdoor residential heaters. These boilers have wood 

burning fireboxes surrounded by a water reservoir vented by a chimney stack. The 

combustion of the wood in the firebox heats the water in the surrounding reservoir and 

the heated water is pumped to the residence. OWB units can also supply residential 

hot water. The water capacity ranges from 60 gallons to 764 gallons. The operational 

design creates long periods where the fire smolders and creosote is formed13. 

When the water circulating through the furnace reaches an upper set point, the air 

supply to the fire is cut-off, cooling the fire so the water will not overheat. The furnace 

operates in this "idle" mode until the water temperature hits a lower set point and the air 

supply is re-established. The OWB may be in idle mode far longer than in operating 

mode. This type of operating causes very poor combustion and heavy foul smoke. Most 

of the smoke emitted is fine condensed organic material that does not burn under cool, 

oxygen starved conditions. In addition, many owners burn green wood full of moisture 

which also causes poor combustion12. The smoke created from these outdoor wood 

burning units can contain several pollutants that are harmful to breathe, including fine 

particle pollution such as PM 2.5

11 in addition to NOx (research assisted by Deborah 

Lucas, DAPC intern, 2007) 

This new area source category has many unknowns and variables associated with it 

and Ohio does not possess accurate OWB unit sales data available to calculate 

emissions on the county level. Therefore, several assumptions are made in agreement 

with the Great Lake States in order to formulate a homogeneous inventory for the 

region. 
13

The assumptions are as follows: 

• 100% of wood combusted in non-certified units. 

• OWB units to be 90% in rural counties and 10% in urban counties 

• 11.68 cords of wood consumption per unit per year (includes heating efficiency of 

30-40%) 

• 5 months heating season = 3650 hours (24/7) 

• PM2.5 emissions factor (g/kg wood) =13.82 (Average of indoor and outdoor) or 

27.64 lb/ton of wood 

The agreed upon methodology requires that total number of OWB sold in Ohio be 

apportioned to each county based on rural or urban designation while observing the 9:1 

ratio in area sales. The guesstimated factors (see above) are applied to calculate the 

emissions from this outdoor wood burner. Total emissions obtained from this category 

are subtracted from the Residential Wood Combustion category to allow for accurate 

emissions from the indoor wood burning units. 

 

2.7 References 

1. Documentation For the 2002 Non-Point Source National Emission Inventory For 

CAPS and HAPS. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emissions Factor and 

inventory Group. E.H Pechan and Associates, Inc. January 2004. 

2. United States Census Bureau. Population Division.

http://eire.census.gov/popest/data/counties/tables/CO-EST2002/CO-EST2002-01-

39.php (Accessed 2003) 

3. United States Census Bureau. County Business Patterns. 

http://censtats.census.gov/cbpnaic/cbpnaic.shtml

(Accessed 2003) 

4. Ohio Department of Development, Office of Strategic Research. Population Projects 

by Age and Sex: 2005-2030. http://www.odod.ohio.gov/research/files/p200.htm

(Accessed August 2006) 

5. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1999 Base Year Non-point Source National 

Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants, Research Triangle Park, NC. 

September 28, 2001. 

6. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). STAPPA-ALAPCO-EPA Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP). Volume III - Area Sources Preferred and 

Alternative Methods. November 1996. 

7. Documentation for the Draft 1999 National Emissions Inventory (Version 3.0) for 

Criteria Air Pollutants and Ammonia. Area Sources. E. H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. 

March 3, 2003 
14

8. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, STAPPA-ALAPCO-EPA Emission Inventory 

Improvement Program (EIIP), Volume III - Area Sources Preferred and Alternative 

Methods, Chapter 8. September 1997. 

9. Spreadsheet formulation provided by “Buzz” David Asselmeier, Air Quality Planning 

Section, Inventory Group, Springfield, Illinois. 

10. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). STAPPA-ALAPCO-EPA Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP). Volume III - Area Sources Preferred and 

Alternative Methods. May 1997. 

11. (Environmental Chemistry.com) viewed on Feb 8th, 2007. 

[http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/environmental/200602outdoorwoodfurnaces.ht

ml] 

12. (Washington State, Department of Ecology) viewed on Feb 8th, 2007 

[http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/air/AOP_Permits/Boiler/Outdoor_Boilers_home.html]

13. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Reducing Pollution from Outdoor WoodFired Hydronic Heaters. Fact Sheet

http://www.epa.gov/owhh/pdfs/fact_sheet_1_29_07.pdf (Accessed 1/2007) 

14. Industrial Sector Energy Price and Expenditure Estimates, 1970-2001, Ohio. 

Energy Information Administration. U. S. Department of Energy. 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_prices/ind/pr_ind_oh.html

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec1_27.pdf (Accessed 2003) 

15. State Fire Marshal Office. Fire Prevention Bureau, Columbus, Ohio. 

http://www.com.state.oh.us/odoc/sfm/firecont.htm (Accessed 2003) 

16. Documentation for the Draft 1999 National Emissions Inventory (Version 3.0) For 

Criteria Air Pollutants and Ammonia. Area Sources. E. H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. 

March 3, 2003 

17. Ohio Department of Health, Vital Statistics 

18. Environmental Protection Agency. STAPPA-ALAPCO-EPA Emission Inventory 

Improvement Program (EIIP). Volume X – Emissions Projections. December 1999. 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume10/x01.pdf

(Accessed 2/2007) 

19. Environmental Protection Agency. AP-42. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ 
15

SECTION 3

NON-ROAD SOURCES 

The non-road inventory is generated regionally by running U.S. EPA’s National Mobile 

Inventory Model (NMIM) model. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 

undertook the responsibility of customizing the NMIM input files and submitting the 

output file in NIF format to LADCO and U.S. EPA. LADCO processed the NMIM files in 

their emissions model and generated daily emissions rates. Grant Heatherington from 

the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources provided the following descriptions... 

The National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) developed by USEPA was used to 

estimate emissions for all other non-road mobile categories. NMIM consolidates nonroad mobile emissions and on-road emissions modeling into a single modeling system. 

Only the non-road emissions modeling portion of NMIM was used in the development of 

this emission’s inventory. NMIM uses the USEPA’s NONROAD model to calculate nonroad mobile emissions. The basic NONROAD algorithm for calculating emissions uses 

base year equipment populations, average load factors, available engine powers, 

activity hours and emission factors. Before NMIM was run, modifications and additions 

were made to the NMIM input data. 

a. Added emission factors for diesel tampers/rammers provided by E.H. 

Pechan & Associates, Inc. Diesel tampers/rammers are a type of 

construction equipment. 

b. Revised PM2.5 ratios in SCC table to correctly calculate PM2.5 diesel 

emissions. This error was introduced with NMIM2005 and didn’t exist in 

NMIM2004. 

c. Revised gasoline parameters using updates provided by the states and 

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. Gasoline parameters include Reid Vapor 

Pressure (RVP), oxygenate content and sulfur content. 

The NMIM NEI NIF files are on the LADCO ftp site at: 

ftp://ftp.airtoxics.org/inv2005/nonroad/NMIM/Base_L_ph2/2005/

Revised NMIM2005 Input Data 

Emission Factor Data 

All States: Pechan revised the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) emission factor data to 

include diesel tampers/rammers (2270002006). The revised NMIM file is saved as 

revBSFC.EMF. 
16

Population Data 

For 26000.pop, replaced default file supplied with NMIM2005 with 26000_rev_NMIM05.pop that 

contains revised construction data missing from 26000.pop external file provided with 

NMIM2005. This Michigan construction data should have been added with the other LADCO 

states modified construction data but was overlooked. 

SCC Data 

The default SCC table of NCD20060201 is replaced by a version that contains corrections to the 

PM25fac field that earlier NCDs contained (i.e. changed from 0.92 to 0.97 for diesel non-road 

equipment) in NONROAD2004. 

Fuel Data 

LADCO States: Pechan revised four tables (countyyear, countyyearmonth, datasource and 

gasoline) in the National County Database (NCD) used by NMIM to incorporate new fuel data. 

AIR revised gasoline characteristics per instructions from the states. Also, gasoline 

characteristic revisions for 2005 provided by states were incorporated. Additional revisions 

were incorporated into 2002 data for non-road Stage 2 controls. Depending on the year being 

modeled, different versions of the revised tables are used. Also, the countynrfile, countyyear 

and datasource tables were revised to reference the new activity, allocation, growth, population 

and seasonality files described above. NCD tables with names ending in “def” are default 

versions of the table. See table below for the appropriate versions of the tables for the selected 

years. 

Non-LADCO States: The countynrfile, countyyear and datasource tables were revised to 

reference the new activity, allocation and seasonality files described above. See table below for 

the appropriate versions of the tables for the selected years. 

Table 3-1 NMIM National County Database Tables for Specific Years and States 

States 

Years 

1999 (WI only) 2002, 05, 07, 08, 09, 12 and 18 

LADCO states countynrfile_NMIM05_rev, 

countyyear_NMIM05_rev, 

countyyearmonth_NMIM05_w

_05_12_18_rev, 

datasource_NMIM05_rev, 

gasoline_NMIM05_def 

SCC_NCD20060201_rev 

(used when NCD20060201 is 

used) 

countynrfile_NMIM05_rev, 

countyyear_NMIM05_rev , 

countyyearmonth_NMIM05_w_05_12_18_rev, 

datasource_NMIM05_rev, 

gasoline_NMIM05_w_05_12_18_rev 

SCC_NCD20060201_rev (used when 

NCD20060201 is used)
17

SECTION 4

ON-ROAD SOURCES 

A mobile source of air pollution is a self-propelled or portable emitter of air pollutants, 

and mobile source emissions are those generated by the engines or motors that power 

such sources. Most mobile sources, except jet or turboprop aircraft, are powered by 

internal combustion (IC) piston engines, and nearly all use liquid fuels. 

Gaseous fuels, such as compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied petroleum gas 

(LPG), had only a very small fraction of the motor fuel market in Ohio in 2005. Solid 

fuels have not been used by mobile sources in significant amounts since railroads 

retired their coal-powered steam locomotives in the 1950s. 

4.1 Categories of Mobile Sources 

For inventory and planning purposes, mobile sources are divided into two major 

categories. 

1. On-highway mobile sources (usually referred to as on-road), e.g., motor 

vehicles such as cars, vans, trucks, buses and motorcycles used for 

transportation of goods and passengers on roads and streets 

2. Off-highway (usually referred to as non-road) mobile sources including: 

• Modes of powered transportation that do not use roads, such as aircraft, 

trains, ships and boats, and motor vehicles used off-road. 

• Self-propelled or portable motorized machines or equipment not used for 

transportation, ranging from construction equipment and farm tractors to 

lawnmowers and hand-held power weed choppers. 

Mobile Sources: All on-road mobile sources are self-propelled. 

Non-road Mobile Sources: Some non-road mobile sources (e.g., farm tractors), are 

self-propelled, but many non-road sources are not. A gasoline-powered chain saw is a 

familiar example of a non-self-propelled non-road mobile source. 

Stationary Sources: Not all movable or portable emission sources are mobile sources, 

however. A small truck-portable cement or hot-mix asphalt plant, for example, may be 

set up near a construction or road-building site. Such plants are classified as stationary 

sources, not mobile sources for two reasons: (1) they may operate for weeks or months 

at a single location, and (2) the trucks that move the plants do not supply power for 

them. 
18

NOTE: Not all Internal Combustion engines (IC) or turbine engines are mobile sources. 

Fixed IC engines, such as those that power pipeline compressors or standby generators 

in electricity plants and elsewhere, are also classified as stationary sources. 

4.1.1 Categories and Components of Mobile Source Emissions 

There are three categories of mobile source emissions: 

• Exhaust or tailpipe emissions, which result from the combustion of fuel in the 

source’s engine 

• Evaporative emissions, which result from evaporation of fuel from the engine or 

its fuel system 

• Refueling emissions 

Exhaust Emissions: Are the result of fuel combustion and occur only when the engine 

is running. 

Evaporative emissions: Are Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) based only and are 

continuously emitted from an engine’s fuel system, whether the engine is running or not. 

Gasoline is a very volatile fuel, so total VOC emissions from gasoline powered vehicles 

have a large evaporative component. Diesel and jet fuels are of very low volatility, so 

evaporative emissions from diesel and turbine engines are a much smaller part of their 

total VOC emissions. Evaporative emissions for CNG or LPG powered vehicles are 

negligible because their fuel tanks and systems are of necessity, sealed. 

Evaporative and exhaust VOC emissions can be calculated separately for most mobile 

source categories. Evaporative emissions do not include VOC emissions that occur 

during refueling. 

Refueling Emissions: These emissions are the third category of mobile source 

emissions. Refueling emissions are entirely VOC. Although they result from the 

evaporation of fuel, they are distinct from, and not directly related to, evaporative 

emissions as defined above. 

Refueling emissions have two subcomponents: 

• Displacement emissions. These occur when new fuel is transferred into a partly 

filled tank--be it a service station storage tank, a portable fuel container (gas 

can), or a vehicle or engine’s fuel tank; displacing the air in the tank and forcing 

that vapor-rich air out the inlet pipe or other vent. There are two stages of 

displacement emissions: 

o “Stage I” emissions occur when the underground storage tanks at a 

service station are being refilled; 
19

o “Stage II” emissions occur when a motor vehicle (or gas can) is being 

refueled. 

NOTE: These emissions are covered in, “Area Sources,” section 3.6. 

• Spill emissions. These occur when drops of fuel drip or splash on the ground 

during or after refueling and evaporate away. 

4.2 Ohio On-Road Mobile Source Inventory 

The inventory of on-road mobile source emissions was developed in conjunction with 

the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT), Lake Michigan Air Director’s 

Consortium (LADCO), United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and 

the Ohio EPA (OEPA). Estimates of the amounts of NOx and VOC are reported by 

county in tons per day. Emissions are reported for a typical ozone season weekday in 

the summer of 2005. 

4.2.1 Emission Inventories Developed with MOBILE6 Model 

MOBILE6 Overview: 

MOBILE6 is a computer program that estimates hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide 

(CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), exhaust particulate matter (which consists of several 

components), tire wear particulate matter, brake wear particulate matter, sulfur dioxide 

(SO2), ammonia (NH3), six hazardous air pollutant (HAP), and carbon dioxide (CO2) 

emission factors for gasoline-fueled and diesel highway motor vehicles, and for certain 

specialized vehicles such as natural-gas-fueled or electric vehicles that may replace 

them. The program uses the calculation procedures presented in technical reports 

posted on EPA's MOBILE6 Web page http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models.htm. 

MOBILE6 emission factor estimates depend on various conditions, such as ambient 

temperatures, travel speeds, operating modes, fuel volatility, and mileage accrual rates. 

Many of the variables affecting vehicle emissions can be specified by the user. 

MOBILE6 will estimate emission factors for any calendar year between 1952 and 2050, 

inclusive. Vehicles from the 25 most recent model years are considered to be in 

operation in each calendar year. 

4.2.2 MOBILE6 Defaults: 

MOBILE6 includes default values for a wide range of conditions that affect emissions. 

These defaults are designed to represent “national average” input data values. Users 

who desire a more precise estimate of local emissions can substitute information that 

more specifically reflects local conditions. Use of local input data will be particularly 

common when the local emission inventory is to be constructed from separate 
20

estimates of roadways, geographic areas, or times of day, in which fleet or traffic 

conditions vary considerably. 

A list of MOBILE6 input parameters is provided below. Most of these inputs are optional 

because the model will supply default values unless alternate data are provided. 

4.2.3 MOBILE6 Input Parameters 

• Calendar year

• Month (January, July) 

• Hourly Temperature 

• Altitude (high, low) 

• Weekend/weekday 

• Fuel characteristics (Reid vapor pressure, sulfur content, 

 oxygenate content, etc.) 

• Humidity and solar load 

• Registration (age) distribution by vehicle class 

• Annual mileage accumulation by vehicle class 

• Diesel sales fractions by vehicle class and model year 

• Average speed distribution by hour and roadway 

• Distribution of vehicle miles traveled by roadway type 

• Engine starts per day by vehicle class and distribution by hour 

• Engine start soak time distribution by hour 

• Trip end distribution by hour 

• Average trip length distribution 

• Hot soak duration 

• Distribution of vehicle miles traveled by vehicle class 

• Full, partial, and multiple diurnal distribution by hour 

• Inspection and maintenance (I/M) program description 

• Anti-tampering inspection program description 

• Stage II refueling emissions inspection program description 

• Natural gas vehicle fractions 

• HC species output 

• Particle size cutoff 

• Emissions factors for PM and HAP 

• Output format specifications and selections

4.2.4 MOBILE6 References 

The following publications provide much of the guidance for the preparation of the onhighway inventory. 

EPA-450/4-81-026d (Revised), now EPA/450-R-92-009, Procedures for Emission 

Inventory Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources, December 1992. Hereafter, 

“Procedures Vol. IV”. The 1992 version is still the definitive document on 
21

inventories. If a previous edition is referred to, the fact will be noted as, for example, 

“the 1989 Procedures Vol. IV” or “Volume IV, 1989 edition”. 

EPA420-R-03-010, User’s Guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2: Mobile Source 

Emission Factor Model, August 2003. This is the User’s Guide for the official 

MOBILE6.2.03 on-highway mobile source emission factor model and will usually be 

referred to as the M6.2 (or simply M6) User’s Guide (UG). The M6 model in its 

various versions was developed and published by Assessment & Modeling Division 

(AMD) of the National Vehicle & Fuels Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL) in Ann Arbor, 

Michigan. The NVFEL is part of USEPA Office of Transportation & Air Quality 

(OTAQ), formerly the Office of Mobile Sources (OMS). 

Technical Guidance on the Use of MOBILE6 for Emission Inventory 

Preparation, August 2004. Hereafter, the M6 “Technical Guidance [Document]” or 

“TGD”. The TGD is the primary source of guidance on M6 inputs and an invaluable 

adjunct to the M6 User’s Guide. 

USEPA document “Frequently Asked Questions on MOBILE6”, 16 January 

2002. Hereafter, [M6] “FAQ”. This document was published along with the M6 

TGD. 

USEPA memo, “Policy Guidance on the Use of MOBILE6 for SIP Development 

and Transportation Conformity”, dated 18 January 2002, from John Seitz, 

Director of OAQPS, and Margo Oge, Director of OTAQ, to Regional Air Division 

Directors. 

4.3 Ohio’s Alternate Data for MOBILE6 

Alternative data is state-specific data that is used in the Mobile6 runs. Using local data 

is preferred to using the default data in Mobile6. Efforts are made to collect as much 

local data as possible. 

4.3.1 Vehicle Registration Distribution by Age 

Overview: 

The vehicle age distribution determines the fraction of vehicles operating within each 

emissions control requirement standard and the deterioration of the emission control 

technology. 

Emission rates vary widely between new and older vehicles. Thus, even small changes 

in fleet age, particularly for older vehicles, may result in large changes in emission 

totals. 
22

The MOBILE6 model requires estimates of a distribution of registered vehicles by age 

and vehicle category for current and future years. MOBILE6 default values were 

developed using national level vehicle registration data by age and class for July 1, 

1996. EPA developed a methodology to convert the July 1, 1996 registration profile into 

a general registration distribution by age and by vehicle category for some 6 composite 

(gasoline and diesel) vehicle types plus motorcycles. To project future changes, EPA 

evaluated general sales growth and vehicle scrappage trends for the total light-duty 

vehicle in-use fleet and the total heavy-duty vehicle in-use fleet, and made minor 

adjustments, where possible, to reflect some of the differences between vehicle 

categories. 

Description: The MOBILE6 model requires estimates of a distribution of registered 

vehicles by age and vehicle category for current and future years. OEPA chose to use 

local vehicle registration data provided by the Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles (BMV) 

which was sent to the Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (LADCO) to develop 

these inputs. LADCO then contracted with a subcontractor to breakout the age 

distribution data from the Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN). 

Note: It was learned during the course of this inventory that there were some 

discrepancies in the age distribution data. But it was too large of a project to reevaluate 

the data prior to this inventory. This will be corrected in the next inventory (2008). 

Method Applicability: This approach is most applicable in areas where there are 

significant differences in the local vehicle fleet age distribution relative to the national 

average. 

Data Sources and Procedures: This approach involves using local vehicle registration 

data. This is typically available at the county level, but may also be applied using 

statewide data from the state motor vehicle registration office. The fleet age should be 

representative of the vehicle fleet over the small urban or rural area under question. 

Advantages: 

• Uses locally specific registration data, which is likely more representative of the 

local area than the national default. 

• Requires minimal additional resources, particularly if data is readily available at 

the county or local level from the State department of motor vehicle registration. 

• Recommended by EPA and generally is encouraged as a preferred approach 

over the national default approach.
23

4.3.2 Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled (DVMT) 

Overview: 

In coordination with Ohio Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs), the Ohio 

Department of Transportation (ODOT) provided Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled (DVMT) 

data and travel demand model (TDM) data. TDM data will be covered in another 

section. Because TDM results are used by the state and MPOs to forecast traffic for a 

variety of reasons, undergo rigorous calibration and validation checks, and are sensitive 

to roadway capacity/travel time improvements, the TDMs are considered the best tool 

for emissions forecasting. Therefore, the DVMT data discussed in this section is not 

used directly for all areas of Ohio. In counties where it is not used directly it is used for 

making rough emissions estimates where models do not exist or where time prohibits 

the use of TDMs. DVMT is a simple mechanism to measure how much traffic is flowing 

along a roadway during an average 24 hour period. This simple formula multiplies 

Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) by the length of the roadway. For example; if a 

roadway is 2 miles in length and the AADT is 4000 vehicles per day the DVMT would be 

computed by multiplying 2*4,000 =8,000 or 8,000 DVMT. 

County-By-County DVMT is computed using the State of Ohio, Department of 

Transportation’s Roadway Information Files and the annual Highway Performance 

Monitoring System (HPMS) Summary Reports. DVMT’s are computed for all of the 

Federal Functional Class (FC) categories within each of Ohio’s 88 counties. 

The AADT and Roadway length information provides a very accurate estimate of 

statewide total DVMT for The State Highway System (Interstate, US and State Routes). 

County total DVMT are consistent and considered a good source of county level DVMT 

for countywide emissions estimates. For roadways that are not part of the State 

Highway System, various representative counts were used, such as: railroad crossing 

counts, HPMS Sample Section Counts, etc. All traffic count data that was not collected 

during the current year has had statewide growth factors applied to account for 

systematic growth. 

Given the previously mentioned methodologies, the DVMT data is more accurate on 

roads functionally classified as collector or above. 

Table 4-1 Federal Functional Class Categories: 

01 - Rural Interstate 

02 - Rural Principal Arterial 

06 - Rural Minor Arterial 

07 - Rural Major Collector 

08 - Rural Minor Collector 

09 - Rural Local 

11 - Urban Interstate 

12 - Urban Freeway & Expressway 

14 - Urban Principal Arterial 

16 - Urban Minor Arterial 

17 - Urban Collector 

19 - Urban Local 
24

Table 4-2 DVMT County Summary: 

For PDF web based tables of 2005 DVMT by county see: 

http://www.dot.state.oh.us/techservsite/availpro/Road_%20Infor/KDVMT/vmt2005.pdf

Disclaimer by ODOT: 

The above PDF web based tables contain the State of Ohio's adjusted county DVMT's 

and road mileage for the years 1990 - 2005. Please be aware that the numbers are 

estimates only. The factoring process used annual, estimated, and statewide ADT 

(Average Daily Traffic) growth factors, derived from the output of a limited number of 

traffic counting stations around the state. Although the growth factors are available by 

functional class, they are more reliable for major roads such as interstates or 

expressways, which are relatively well-sampled, than for local roads or collectors. The 

numbers also do no allow for periodic, large-scale functional reclassification actions 
25

which reassign selected roads or road segments from one functional class to another. 

The Ohio Department of Transportation therefore does not warrant the accuracy, 

completeness, or reliability of these estimates for your research. We also do not 

assume responsibility for any incorrectness that may occur. 

4.3.3 VMT From Travel Demand Models (TDM) 

Overview: 

Travel demand forecast modeling is performed by the Ohio Metropolitan Planning 

Organizations (MPOs) and ODOT for a multitude of purposes including the preparation 

of regional emissions estimates. The ODOT Office of Technical Services’ Modeling & 

Forecasting Section recommends that Ohio’s TDMs and ODOT’s conformity analysis 

methods be used to establish the roadway mobile source portion of Ohio’s SIP budget 

to assure consistent methods are used for transportation conformity analysis and 

budgets. Therefore, ODOT provided both MPO regional TDM runs and statewide TDM 

runs with associated data to OEPA and LADCO. The ODOT provided model run data 

for years 2002, 2005, 2009, 2012, and 2018. 

Data provided included loaded networks in both CSV format and GIS shape files, trip 

end summaries, zone boundary GIS shape files, intra-zonal trip VMT estimates, and 

VMT summaries for each of the loaded networks. Additional post processing data was 

provided including but not limited to metadata describing the loaded networks, Hourly 

distribution by functional class, speed profiles, day of week / weekend / monthly car and 

truck traffic profiles, 2009 & 2018 VMT RPO data sets, statewide VMT growth rates for 

local traffic, and a 2005 VMT summary comparison spreadsheet. It should be noted 

that among other things, the loaded TDM Networks contain distance and daily volumes 

from which VMT is computed. 

Network volumes are post processed to estimate VMT by hour of day. The hourly 

volumes and capacity, posted speed limit, and type of roadway for each roadway 

segment are then used to estimate average hourly speeds needed for MOBILE6 based 

emissions estimates. Modeling by segment by hour of day in this way makes emissions 

estimates more sensitive to the effects of roadway improvements. This allows 

transportation planners to evaluate the relative emissions affect of improvements to 

individual roadways as well as packages of improvements and the entire set of planned 

roadway improvement projects air quality impacts of construction programs. 
26

4.3.4 Speed Distribution Profiles 

Overview: 

ODOT provided speed distribution profiles to LADCO. A couple of different sets of 

speed distribution profiles were provided to OEPA and LADCO for their use, a table of 

space mean speeds by functional class for use with DVMTs and link group speed 

curves for post processing travel demand model traffic forecasts. Both sets of speed 

profiles are based on the same speed study conducted by ODOT. The speed study is 

documented in “Statewide Travel Time Study, May 2001 by Greg Giaimo, Ohio 

Department of Transportation”. When OEPA asked for speeds for use with MOBILE6 

for development of CERR, ODOT provided a set of speeds based on that statewide 

travel time study. Those speeds are documented in a technical memorandum titled 

“Estimation of Average Speed by Functional Class for MOBILE6 Runs” dated 

5/27/2004. Readers should refer to those documents for the details. Here the contents 

of the technical memo, Estimated Average Speed by Functional Class, are summarized. 

Space Mean Speeds by Functional Class for Use with County Level DVMT, HPMS: 

The memo states that the speeds which the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) 

had been using prior to that date, 2004, for air quality analysis estimates based on 

County DVMT summaries, were developed by a former ODOT employee for addressing 

the one (1) hour standards conformity rules established due to 1990 emissions 

exceedances. No documentation was found in ODOT’s files on the origin of these 

average speed values or how they were estimated. In addition, EPA has requirements 

for using latest planning assumptions for air quality conformity analyses. Therefore, 

ODOT believed that it was in the state’s best interest to use the most recent available 

data to provide a new set of estimated average speeds consistent with those used for 

urban area travel demand models which were under development at that time. The 

memo contains comparisons of 2002 speed data obtained from traffic count equipment, 

automatic traffic recorders (ATRs) which collect data continuously throughout the year. 

It also contains comparisons of the new speeds with those used to address the one 

hour standard Gebhart’s. The graphs shown in figure 1, taken from the memo, illustrate 

the comparisons. The first graph compares time mean speeds from the ATRs with 

space mean speeds from ODOTs travel time study done in 2001and with the speeds 

used for addressing the one hour standard. 
27

Figure 1 - Speed Comparison Graphs 

Speeds Comparison

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

FC01

FC06

FC08

FC11

FC14

FC17

Functional Class

Speed

Average Speed

1990 Analysis

Speeds

2001 Speed Study

Speeds Comparison

0

20

40

60

80

100

FC01FC06FC08

FC11

FC14FC17

RAMPS

Functional Class

Speed

Average Speed

Min. Avg Speed

Max. Avg. Speed

Gebhardt's Speeds

Spd Study Est

Speeds

Spd Study Greg Est

The following caution statement was taken from the Estimation of Average Speed by 

Functional Class memo. 

CAUTION: It should be noted that speeds on facilities falling in any one of the federal 

functional classifications vary greatly between roadways, between hour of the day, and 

day of the week. So these provide only very rough estimates of speed and should be 

used with caution. In addition, it is expected that these average statewide speeds are 

higher than the average speeds in the non-attainment areas because the non-
28

attainment counties tend to be more populated and more congested. The document 

“Highway Vehicle Speed Estimation Procedures For Use in Emission Inventories”, 

September 1991 by Earl Ruiter of Cambridge Systematics Inc. is referenced by EPA’s 

documented procedures for emission inventory preparation. This document suggests 

post processing travel demand model traffic assignment results to estimate average 

speeds. 

Final space mean speeds that ODOT provided are summarized in the Table 1 below: 

Table 4-3 Speed by Federal Functional Class 

Functional Class 1990 Analysis 2001 Speed Study 

 Speeds Speeds 

FC01 57.3 64.0 

FC02 45.3 53.0 

FC06 39.9 53.0 

FC07 35.1 43.1 

FC08 30.5 43.1 

FC09 28.0 43.1 

FC11 46.3 61.6 

FC12 43.3 61.6 

FC14 18.9 29.3 

FC16 19.6 29.3 

FC17 19.6 29.2 

FC19 19.6 23.8 

It was decided by mutual agreement among individuals within the ODOT Office of 

Technical Services that these new space mean speed based average speed estimates 

were reproducible and defensible since they are well documented and should therefore 

be the speeds used with HPMS** VMT if any year 2002 emissions budget work is done 

using only the county level VMT summaries discussed in section 5.3.2 Daily Vehicle 

Miles Traveled (DVMT). 

** Note that HPMS VMT is a statewide VMT estimate and the county level DVMT 

summaries are consistent with the HPMS VMT so the county level DVMT summaries 

are loosely referred to as HPMS VMTs even though in fact they are not. 

4.3.5 Link Group Speed Curves: 

The ODOT Modeling & Forecasting Section recommends that Ohio’s travel demand 

forecasting models and ODOT’s conformity analysis methods be used to establish the 

roadway mobile source portion of Ohio’s SIP budget for reasons already mentioned in 

5.3.2 and to assure consistent methods are used for transportation conformity 

demonstration analyses and budgets. Therefore, ODOT provided travel demand model 

runs and the speed curves by link group that ODOT uses for the speed estimates within 
29

the post processing of travel demand model runs for estimating regional emissions. 

Table 2 shows these link group curves. 

Table 4-4 Link Group Codes & Associated BPR Curves 

Link 

Group 

Facility 

Type 

Free Flow 

Speed 

Areatype a b 

1 Freeway 75 Any 0.39 6.3 

2 Freeway 70 Any 0.32 7.0 

3 Freeway 65 Any 0.25 9.0 

4 Freeway 60 Any 0.18 8.5 

5 Freeway 55 Any 0.10 10.0 

6 Multi-Lane 60 Rural 0.09 6.0 

7 Multi-Lane 55 Rural 0.08 6.0 

8 Multi-Lane 50 Rural 0.07 6.0 

9 Multi-Lane 45 Rural 0.07 6.0 

10 2 Lane Any Rural 0.34 4.0 

10 Urban 

Street 

50 Suburban 0.34 4.0 

11 Urban 

Street 

50 Urban 0.74 5.0 

12 Urban 

Street 

50 CBD 1.16 6.0 

13 Urban 

Street 

40 Suburban 0.38 5.0 

14 Urban 

Street 

40 Urban 0.70 5.0 

15 Urban 

Street 

40 CBD 1.00 5.0 

16 Urban 

Street 

35 Suburban 0.96 5.0 

17 Urban 

Street 

35 Urban 1.00 5.0 

18 Urban 

Street 

35 CBD 1.40 5.0 

19 Urban 

Street 

30 Suburban 1.11 5.0 

20 Urban 

Street 

30 Urban 1.20 5.0 

21 Urban 

Street 

30 CBD 1.50 5.0 

Note: a and b are the BPR curve parameters for the equation 

T = T0 {1 + a * (V/C)^b] 
30

More complete details about emissions modeling process employed by ODOT may be 

found in ODOT documentations. The document titled “Congestion Management & Air 

Quality Analysis (CMAQ) Program Documentation” dated December 2005 may be 

obtained from the ODOT web site at www.dot.state.oh.us/urban/data/cmaq.doc

(Microsoft Word document) 

4.4 Mobile6 Inputs: 

The following table contains the inputs supplied to LADCO to process our mobile 

inventory. 

4.4.1 Ohio’s 2005 MOBILE6 Inputs 

The following tables are the result of a joint meeting between Ohio EPA, ODOT, and 

MPOs from around the state. At that meeting Mobile6 inputs were discussed and 

efforts were made to verify the sources of data inputs for Moble6. Dialogue has 

continued between the parties. 

For historical reference: 

>>> Dave Moore <Dave.Moore1@dot.state.oh.us> 4/10/2006 2:13 PM >>> 

All, 

An air quality coordination meeting has been scheduled for April 27, 2006 at 10:00 AM at ODOT Central 

Office conference room GA. The primary purpose of this meeting is to discuss development of 2002 

mobile source inventories for use in developing the Ohio 2007 8-Hour Ozone SIP Attainment 

Demonstrations. See meeting agenda below. OEPA is working toward a June 15, 2006 schedule for 

submitting the 2002 inventories to US EPA. 

A key component of the meeting will be to review and confirm the MOBILE6.2 input parameters, by Ohio 

a/q area, for use in developing the 2002 mobile inventories. See draft template below. The Ohio MPO 

travel demand models will be used to generate the 2002 VMT inputs to MOBILE. Thanks, DM 

DM 
31

IMPORTANT NOTICE: The following tables are not to be used for inventory purposes 

as the data is subject to change. For the current input table, contact Ohio EPA, Division 

of Air Pollution Control. 

Table 4-5 Mobile Inputs 

Cleveland-Akron 2005 Ozone M6.2 Inputs 

Includes the following counties: 

Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina, Portage, Summit 

 

State Programs 

Input 

 

Stage II Refueling 93/3/86/86 

 

Anti-tampering Programs 96/78/50/22222/21111111/1/12/098./12111112 

I/M Programs Yes 

Exclude Ashtabula County - No I/M program 

Program 1 2004 2050 2 T/O OBD I/M 

Model Years 1 1996 2050 

Vehicles 1 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 1 30.0 

Compliance 1 98.0 

Waiver Rates 1 1.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 1 25 

Grace Period 1 4 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 2 2004 2050 2 T/O EVAP OBD & GC 

Model Years 2 1996 2050 

Vehicles 2 22222 11111111 1 

Stringency 

Compliance 2 98.0 

Waiver Rates 2 1.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 2 25 

Grace Period 2 4 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 3 2001 2003 2 T/O ASM 2525 PHASE-IN 
32

Model Years 3 1996 2003 

Vehicles 3 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 3 30.0 

Compliance 3 98.0 

Waiver Rates 3 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 3 25 

Grace Period 3 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 4 2001 2050 2 T/O ASM 2525 PHASE-IN 

Model Years 4 1975 1995 

Vehicles 4 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 4 30.0 

Compliance 4 98.0 

Waiver Rates 4 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 4 25 

Grace Period 4 4 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 5 1998 2000 2 T/O LOADED/IDLE 

Model Years 5 1975 2000 

Vehicles 5 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 5 30.0 

Compliance 5 98.0 

Waiver Rates 5 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 5 25 

Grace Period 5 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 6 1996 1997 2 T/O IM240 

Model Years 6 1975 1997 

Vehicles 6 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 6 30.0 

Compliance 6 98.0 

Waiver Rates 6 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 6 CUTPOINT.D 

Exemption Age 6 25 

Grace Period 6 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 
33

 

Program 7 1996 2050 2 T/O GC 

Model Years 7 1975 1995 

Vehicles 7 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 

Compliance 7 98.0 

Waiver Rates 7 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 7 25 

Grace Period 7 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Fuel Commands 

 

Fuel Program 1 

 

Oxygenated Fuels 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.036 2 

 

Fuel RVP 9 

 

Alternative Emission Regulations and Control Measures 

Rebuild Effects 0.1 

 

External Conditions Commands 

 

Calendar Year 2005 

 

Evaluation Month 7 

 

Min/Max Temperature National Climatic Data Center 

 

Vehicle Fleet Characteristic Commands 

 

Registration Distribution Variable 

 
34

Cincinnati-Dayton-Springfield 2005 Ozone M6.2 Inputs 

Includes the following counties: 

Ohio: Butler, Clark, Clermont, Clinton, Greene, Hamilton, Miami, Montgomery, 

Warren

Indiana: Lawrenceburg Twp., Dearborn County

Kentucky: Boone, Campbell and Kenton counties

State Programs 

Input 

Note: Indiana and Kentucky inputs may not coincide with Ohio inputs 

 

Stage II Refueling 93/3/86/86 

 

Anti-tampering Programs 96/78/05/22222/21111111/1/12/098./12111112 

I/M Programs Yes 

Excludes Clinton Co. and Miami Co., OH, Dearborn County, IN - No I/M program 

Note: I/M inputs for Kentucky counties are not included 

Program 1 2004 2050 2 T/O OBD I/M 

Model Years 1 1996 2050 

Vehicles 1 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 1 30.0 

Compliance 1 98.0 

Waiver Rates 1 1.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 1 25 

Grace Period 1 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 2 2004 2050 2 T/O EVAP OBD & GC 

Model Years 2 1996 2050 

Vehicles 2 22222 11111111 1 

Stringency 

Compliance 2 98.0 

Waiver Rates 2 1.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 2 25 

Grace Period 2 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 3 2001 2003 2 T/O ASM 2525 PHASE-IN 

Model Years 3 1996 2003 

Vehicles 3 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 3 30.0 

Compliance 3 98.0 
35

Waiver Rates 3 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 3 25 

Grace Period 3 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 4 2001 2050 2 T/O ASM 2525 PHASE-IN 

Model Years 4 1975 1995 

Vehicles 4 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 4 30.0 

Compliance 4 98.0 

Waiver Rates 4 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 4 25 

Grace Period 4 4 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 5 1998 2000 2 T/O LOADED/IDLE 

Model Years 5 1975 2000 

Vehicles 5 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 5 30.0 

Compliance 5 98.0 

Waiver Rates 5 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 5 25 

Grace Period 5 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 6 1996 1997 2 T/O IM240 

Model Years 6 1975 1997 

Vehicles 6 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 6 30.0 

Compliance 6 98.0 

Waiver Rates 6 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 6 CUTPOINT.D 

Exemption Age 6 25 

Grace Period 6 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 7 1996 2050 2 T/O GC 

Model Years 7 1975 1995 

Vehicles 7 22222 21111111 1 
36

Stringency 

Compliance 7 98.0 

Waiver Rates 7 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 7 25 

Grace Period 7 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

 

Fuel Commands 

 

Fuel Program 1 

 

Oxygenated Fuels 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.036 2 

 

Fuel RVP 9 

 

Alternative Emission Regulations and Control Measures 

Rebuild Effects 0.1 

 

External Conditions Commands 

 

Calendar Year 2005 

 

Evaluation Month 7 

 

Min/Max Temperature National Climatic Data Center 

 

Vehicle Fleet Characteristic Commands 

 

Registration Distribution Variable 

 
37

 

Other Areas (excluding NOACA/AMATS and OKI/MVRPC) Ozone M6.2 

Inputs 

Includes the following counties: 

Ohio: Belmont, Columbiana, Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, Jefferson, Knox, Licking,

Lucas,Madison, Mahoning, Pickaway, Trumball, Wood 

 

Fuel Commands 

Input 

 

Fuel Program 1 

Oxygenated Fuels 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.036 2 

Fuel RVP 9 

Alternative Emission Regulations and Control Measures 

 

Rebuild Effects 0.1 (0.30 for 2018) 

 

External Conditions Commands 

 

Calendar Year All 

 

Evaluation Month 7 

Min/Max Temperature National Climatic Data Center 

Vehicle Fleet Characteristic Commands 

Registration 

Distribution Variable 

4.5 Ohio’s Mobile Emission Data Processed by LADCO (Lake Michigan Air 

Director’s Consortium): 

2005 TDM and Mobile6 input data were provided to LADCO for processing. The data 

was processed by LADCO with T3 to prepare it as an input into the ConCEPT model. 

T3 and ConCEPT are described as follows. 
38

4.5.1 T3--Development of Link-Level Mobile Source Emission Inventories: 

Highly resolved emission inventories for on-road mobile sources are needed for air 

quality modeling to develop the necessary technical support for new State 

Implementation Plans (SIPs) for regional haze, fine particles, and ozone. Emissions for 

on-road motor vehicles are estimated using vehicle miles traveled, trip starts and ends, 

speed, and other activity data developed by State Agencies and Metropolitan Planning 

Organizations (MPOs) using transportation demand models (TDMs), and emission 

factors from EPA's MOBILE6 model. To support this modeling in the upper Midwest, 

ENVIRON, working with LADCO, State DOTs, and local MPOs, has developed a 

software tool (the TDM Transformation Tool, or "T3") that takes TDM output from 

approximately twenty transportation networks using a variety of models, applies 

appropriate data transformations, and outputs link- and county-level activity data in a 

uniform format for input to the CONCEPT emissions processing model (a new 

emissions processing model also developed with funding from LADCO). In a parallel 

effort, analyses of extensive automatic traffic recorder (ATR) data collected by State 

DOTs were conducted to develop temporal profiles (hour of day, day of week, and 

month of year) of vehicle counts and vehicle mix by roadway type for developing the 

detailed on-road emission inventories. 

T3 provides a conduit from the projections of traffic demand modelers regarding vehicle 

types, road networks, and vehicle activity to the activity data required by emissions 

modelers. The primary goals of T3 are to provide an easy mechanism for incorporating 

TDM model outputs in as "raw" a format as possible, while simultaneously providing a 

great degree of flexibility in representing the TDM projections in terms acceptable to 

most air quality models. These goals have been achieved through the use of a 

dimensional transformation approach, where the dimensions of the various 

transformations are user-defined - hence the name of the tool. 

By Stella Shepard, Alison K. Pollack, John Haasbeek, ENVIRON International 

Corporation, 101 Rowland Way, Suite 220, Novato, CA. 94945 

& Mark Janssen, Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (LADCO), 2250 E. Devon 

Avenue # 250, Des Plaines, IL 60018, janssen@ladco.org 

4.5.2 ConCEPT--Consolidated Community Emissions Processing Tool an OpenSource Tool for the Emissions Modeling Community: 

The new CONCEPT (CONsolidated Community Emissions Processing Tool) 

Emissions Processor is now available for use by the emissions modeling community. 

Developed as joint project between Alpine Geophysics, LLC and ENVIRON Corporation, 

with Midwest RPO and joint RPO funding, the CONCEPT model combines the best 

attributes of current emissions modeling systems into an open source model highlighting 

the following features: 

• Open Source. Written primarily in PostgreSQL, the software required for running 
39

CONCEPT is in the public domain. The model itself is GNU Public License (GPL) 

compliant and users are encouraged to make additions and enhancements to the 

modeling system. 

• Transparent. The database structure of the model makes the system easy to 

understand, and the modeling codes themselves are extremely well documented to 

encourage user participation in the customizing the system for specific modeling 

requirements. 

• Quality Control. The CONCEPT model structure and implementation allows for 

multiple levels of QA analysis during every step of the emissions calculation process. 

Using the database structures, an emissions modeler can easily trace a process or 

facility and review the calculation procedures and assumptions for any emissions value. 

The CONCEPT model includes modules for the major emissions source 

categories: area source, point source, on-road motor vehicles, non-road motor vehicles 

and biogenic emissions, as well as a number of supporting modules, including spatial 

allocation factor development, speciation profile development, growth and control for 

point and area sources, and CEM point source emissions handling. The emissions 

modeling community has already begun development of additional CONCEPT support 

modules including CEM preprocessing software, graphical QA tools, and an interface to 

the traffic demand models for on-road motor vehicle emissions estimation. 

By Cyndi Loomis, James G. Wilkinson, Alpine Geophysics, LLC, & John Haasbeek, 

Alison Pollack, ENVIRON Corporation. & Mark Janssen, Lake Michigan Air Directors 

Consortium (LADCO), 2250 E. Devon Avenue # 250, Des Plaines, IL 60018, 

janssen@ladco.org 

4.5.3 LADCO Ohio Data Outputs for 2005: 

The following LADCO outputs and documents can be found at: 

www.ladco.org/tech/emis/net05/index.html 

Table 4-6 LADCO Data Output 

Sta

te Network

T3 

Descripti

on DOC

M6 

Inpu

ts

VM

T vs 

HP

MS 

Exc

el

Average 

Day 

VMT 

(this 

should 

match 

conformi

ty 

inventory

)

Co

unt

y 

Em

issi

on

s 

Re

por

t

All 

Pollut

ants 

After 

Speci

ation

Dropped 

VMT

M6 

Run 

Summ

ary

Pollut

ant 

Totals 

(Short

)

Raw 

Summ

ary 

(pol,ve

h, 

etype)

Hourly 

Tempo

ral 

Summ

ary

Hourly 

Veh 

Mix 

Summ

ary

Hourly 

Speed 

Summ

ary 

(with 

volum

e/ 

capaci

ty) 

OH AKRON AKRON OH OH AKRON 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
40

OH CANTON CANTON OH OH CANTON 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OH CINCI CINCI OH OH CINCI 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OH CLEVE CLEVE OH OH CLEVE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OH COLUMB

US

COLUMB

US OH OH COLUMBUS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OH SPRING

FLD

SPRING

FLD OH OH SPRINGFLD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OH TOLEDO TOLEDO OH OH TOLEDO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OH YNGSTO

WN

YNGSTO

WN OH OH YNGSTOWN 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OH STATEW

D

STATEW

D OH OH STATEWD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Additional Documents on LADCO Web Page: 

“Comparison to EPA's Default Model NMIM”

“How we Build the 2005 Vmt/Networks”

“Spreadsheet/Graphics on Vehicle Mix”

“Background on the T3 Tool “ 

4.6 MPO Contact Table 

Table 4-7 County Summary Table of MPOs by County 

FIPS County Model Network MPO Contact Person 

39001 Adams Statewide 

39003 Allen Statewide 

Lima Allen County Regional 

Planning Commission 

Tom Mazur 

39005 Ashland Statewide 

39007 Ashtabula Statewide 

39009 Athens Statewide 

39011 Auglaize Statewide 

39013 Belmont Statewide 

Bel-O-Mar Regional Council 

and Interstate Planning 

Commission 

Rakesh Sharma 

39015 Brown Statewide 

39017 Butler Cincinnat/Dayton 

Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana 

Regional Council of 

Governments 

Andy Reser 

39019 Carroll Statewide 

39021 Champaign Statewide 

39023 Clark Springfield 

Coordinating Committee of 

the Clark County-Springfield 

Eric Ottoson 
41

Transportation Study 

39025 Clermont Cincinnat/Dayton 

Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana 

Regional Council of 

Governments 

Andy Reser 

39027 Clinton Statewide 

39029 Columbiana Statewide 

39031 Coshocton Statewide 

39033 Crawford Statewide 

39035 Cuyahoga Cleveland 

Northeast Ohio Areawide 

Coordinating Agency 

Bill Davis 

39037 Darke Statewide 

39039 Defiance Statewide 

39041 Delaware Columbus 

Mid-Ohio Regional Planning 

Commission 

Nick Gill 

39043 Erie Statewide 

39045 Fairfield Statewide 

39047 Fayette Statewide 

39049 Franklin Columbus 

Mid-Ohio Regional Planning 

Commission 

Nick Gill 

39051 Fulton Statewide 

39053 Gallia Statewide 

39055 Geauga Cleveland 

Northeast Ohio Areawide 

Coordinating Agency 

Bill Davis 

39057 Greene Cincinnat/Dayton 

Miami Valley Regional 

Planning Commission 

Ana Ramirez 

39059 Guernsey Statewide 

39061 Hamilton Cincinnat/Dayton 

Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana 

Regional Council of 

Governments 

Andy Reser 

39063 Hancock Statewide 

39065 Hardin Statewide 

39067 Harrison Statewide 

39069 Henry Statewide 

39071 Highland Statewide 

39073 Hocking Statewide 

39075 Holmes Statewide 

39077 Huron Statewide 

39079 Jackson Statewide 

39081 Jefferson Statewide 

Brooke-Hancock-Jefferson 

Transportation Study Policy 

Committee 

Mike Proprocki 

39083 Knox Statewide 

39085 Lake Cleveland 

Northeast Ohio Areawide 

Coordinating Agency 

Bill Davis 

39087 Lawrence Statewide 

KYOVA Interstate Planning 

Commission 

39089 Licking Columbus 

Licking County Area 

Transportation Study 

Matthew Hill 

39091 Logan Statewide 

39093 Lorain Cleveland Northeast Ohio Areawide Bill Davis 
42

Coordinating Agency 

39095 Lucas Toledo 

Toledo Metropolitan Area 

Council of Governments 

Sujatha Mohanakrishnan 

39097 Madison Statewide 

39099 Mahoning Youngstown 

Eastgate Regional Council 

of Governments 

R.P. Samulka 

39101 Marion Statewide 

39103 Medina Cleveland 

Northeast Ohio Areawide 

Coordinating Agency 

Bill Davis 

39105 Meigs Statewide 

39107 Mercer Statewide 

39109 Miami Cincinnat/Dayton 

Miami Valley Regional 

Planning Commission 

Ana Ramirez 

39111 Monroe Statewide 

39113 Montgomery Cincinnat/Dayton 

Miami Valley Regional 

Planning Commission 

Ana Ramirez 

39115 Morgan Statewide 

39117 Morrow Statewide 

39119 Muskingum Statewide 

39121 Noble Statewide 

39123 Ottawa Statewide 

39125 Paulding Statewide 

39127 Perry Statewide 

39129 Pickaway Statewide 

39131 Pike Statewide 

39133 Portage Akron 

Akron Metropolitan Area 

Transportation Study 

Jason Segedy 

39135 Preble Statewide 

39137 Putnam Statewide 

39139 Richland Statewide 

Richland County Regional 

Planning Commission 

John Adams 

39141 Ross Statewide 

39143 Sandusky Statewide 

39145 Scioto Statewide 

39147 Seneca Statewide 

39149 Shelby Statewide 

39151 Stark Canton 

Stark County Regional 

Planning Commission 

Dan Slicker 

39153 Summit Akron 

Akron Metropolitan Area 

Transportation Study 

Jason Segedy 

39155 Trumbull 

Youngstown (partial 

county model 

coverage) 

Eastgate Regional Council 

of Governments 

R.P. Samulka 

39157 Tuscarawas Statewide 

39159 Union Statewide 

39161 Van Wert Statewide 

39163 Vinton Statewide 

39165 Warren Cincinnat/Dayton 

Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana 

Regional Council of 

Governments 

Andy Reser, OKI 

+ 
43

+ 

Miami Valley Regional 

Planning Commission 

Ana Ramirez, MVRPC 

39167 Washington Statewide 

Wood-Washington-Wirt 

Interstate Planning 

Commission 

39169 Wayne Statewide 

39171 Williams Statewide 

39173 Wood Toledo 

Toledo Metropolitan Area 

Council of Governments 

Sujatha Mohanakrishnan 

39175 Wyandot Statewide 

NOTE: Complete MPO information can be found at, 

www.dot.state.oh.us/urban/mpomap.htm and at 

www.dot.state.oh.us/urban/mpolist.htm#Cleveland . 

SECTION 5

MARINE, AIRCRAFT and RAIL (MAR) SOURCES 

MAR sources are non-road sources which are significant enough in terms of emissions 

to be considered separately from the rest of the non-road sources. The MAR inventory 

consists of commercial marines, aircraft and locomotive sources. The marine and 

locomotive inventory is generated by Environ1

 under contract with LADCO and the 

aircraft inventory is generated by Ohio EPA. 

5.1 Marine Vessel Sources 

The approach to commercial marine emission estimates needed to be flexible because 

the activity data was available in many formats. Emission estimates were determined 

either by multiplying engine power, load factor, hours per year of operation, or on the 

basis of the number of gallons of fuel consumed. 

Emissions were determined for ten subclasses of vessel types: Deep draft vessels 

(DDV) at port, DDV mid-late, push boats (rivers/lakes), tugs, ferries, other special 

(excursion) vessels, support vessels, dredges, commercial fishing, and military vessels 

(Coast Guard). These were linked to various Ohio lakes and rivers. 

Because of the large variety of methodologies employed, inventory tables for the ten 

subcategories are detailed in the complete inventory prepared and published by 

ENVIRON International Corporation: LADCO 2005 COMMERCIAL MARINE 

EMISSIONS, by Christian E. Lindhjem, March, 2007. 

Emission totals produced by ENVIRON were provided to LADCO to submit to EPA for 

Ohio’s State Implementation Plan (SIP). 
44

5.2 Rail Sources 

The primary activity unit used to determine emissions is gallons of fuel consumed. 

Emission rates were derived from EPA documents provided as support documentation 

for the 1997 locomotive emission standards (EPA, 1997). Gallons of fuel consumed 

were based on rail activity. 

Rail activity was broken down into four Source Category Codes (SCC). Class I, linehaul rail: Large interstate railroad companies like Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern. 

Class I,II, III, switching rail: Yard operations. Class II, III line haul: Regional and local 

railroads. And Passenger rail: AMTRAK. 

Class I, line-haul represents 84.3% of fuel used and the largest emission’s category. 

The complete emission’s inventory was prepared and published by ENVIRON 

International Corporation: LADCO 2005 LOCOMOTIVE EMISSIONS, by Christian E. 

Lindhjem, February, 2007. 

Emission totals produced by ENVIRON were provided to LADCO to submit to EPA for 

Ohio’s State Implementation Plan (SIP). 

EPA. 1997: "Locomotive Emission Standards." Regulatory Support Document, United States 

Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Mobile Sources, April. And EPA 1997, Emission Factors for 

Locomotives," Environmental Protection Agency, EPA420-F-97-051, December. 

5.3 Aircraft Sources 

INTRODUCTION: 

 The aircraft emission’s inventory is derived by taking the number of Landings and 

Take Offs (LTOs) per year and multiplying by an emission factor. In the Ohio inventory 

when specific aircraft models and engine type emission factors are known they were 

used. For the rest of the inventory the emission factors came from USEPA’s fleet 

average emissions data. Those results are then compiled as tons per year per pollutant 

by county. The following describes the components, methodology, and concludes with 

a description of an Access based aircraft emission calculator. 

COMPONENTS: 

 I. Ohio Airports: 

 A list of both towered and non-towered airports in Ohio is obtained from the Ohio 

Department of Transportation. See: www.dot.state.oh.us/aviation/ In conversation 

with ODOT two individuals stated that the 164 airports listed covered over 90% of the 

airports in Ohio. See Table 1. 
45

 II. Number of Operations/LTOs by Airport/County: 

 The ODOT list contained the number of operations a year per airport. An 

operation is either a landing or a take-off. A Landing and Take Off (LTO) is required for 

FAA EDMS calculations. LTOs were derived simply by dividing the number of 

operations by two. These were totaled by county. 

Table 5-1 Number of operations and LTOs for 2005

County Airport Name ID Total Operations LTOs/Year 

Adams Alexander Salamon AMT 5210 2605 

Allen Allen County AOH 32500 16250 

Ashland Ashland County 3G4 49240 24620 

Ashtabula Ashtabula County HZY 16886 8443 

Ashtabula Germack 7D9 840 420 

Athens Ohio University UNI 51600 25800 

Auglaize Neil Armstrong AXV 29456 14728 

Belmont Barnesville-Bradfield 6G5 10150 5075 

Belmont Alderman 2P7 6150 3075 

Brown Brown County GEO 5157 2578.5 

Butler Butler County Regional HAO 61687 30843.5 

Butler Hook Field Municipal MWO 40050 20025 

Butler Miami University OXD 16708 8354 

Carroll Carroll County -Tolson TSO 34950 17475 

Carroll Parsons 5D6 2674 1337 

Champaign Grimes Field I74 23480 11740 

Champaign Weller 38I 300 150 

Clark Springfield-Beckley Municipal SGH 64033 32016.5 

Clark Mad River I54 15350 7675 

Clermont Clermont County I69 35741 17870.5 

Clinton Airborne Airpark ILN 52000 26000 

Clinton Clinton Field I66 29360 14680 

Clinton Hollister Field 2B6 161 80.5 

Columbiana Columbiana County Ø2G 31146 15573 

Columbiana Koons 8G8 2546 1273 

Coshocton Richard Downing I4Ø 19550 9775 

Coshocton Tri-City 8ØG 8085 4042.5 

Crawford Port Bucyrus 17G 24871 12435.5 

Crawford Galion Municipal GQQ 5216 2608 

Cuyahoga Burke Lakefront BKL 97100 48550 

Cuyahoga Cleveland-Hopkins International CLE 234356 117178 

Cuyahoga Cuyahoga County CGF 79774 39887 

Darke Darke County VES 9238 4619 

Defiance Defiance Memorial DFI 9130 4565 

Delaware Delaware Municipal DLZ 39300 19650 

Delaware Packer 5E9 3181 1590.5 

Erie Hinde 88D 1350 675 

Erie Kelleys Island 89D 25495 12747.5 

Erie Griffing-Sandusky SKY 112100 56050 
46

Erie Wakeman I64 17324 8662 

Fairfield Miller's Farm 7B4 360 180 

Fairfield Fairfield County LHQ 43066 21533 

Fayette Fayette County I23 29405 14702.5 

Franklin Ohio State University OSU 134459 67229.5 

Franklin Port Columbus International CMH 218438 109219 

Franklin Rickenbacker International LCK 96200 48100 

Franklin Bolton Field TZR 69149 34574.5 

Franklin Columbus Southwest Ø4I 11833 5916.5 

Franklin Darby Dan 6I6 11260 5630 

Fulton Fulton County USE 21123 10561.5 

Gallia Gallia-Meigs Regional GAS 12200 6100 

Geauga Gates 7D8 4200 2100 

Geauga Geauga County 7G8 5350 2675 

Greene Greene County - Lewis A. Jackson I19 37400 18700 

Greene Bloom 14I 100 50 

Guernsey Cambridge Municipal CDI 6040 3020 

Hamilton Lunken LUK 129430 64715 

Hamilton Blue Ash ISZ 35000 17500 

Hamilton Cincinnati West I67 30197 15098.5 

Hancock Bluffton 5G7 71980 35990 

Hancock Findlay FDY 19800 9900 

Hancock Priebe 7D5 3850 1925 

Hardin Ada ØD7 331 165.5 

Hardin Hardin County I95 6562 3281 

Hardin Elliott's Landing O74 1560 780 

Harrison Harrison County 8G6 11900 5950 

Henry Henry County 7W5 15637 7818.5 

Highland Highland County HOC 18325 9162.5 

Holmes Holmes County 1ØG 21400 10700 

Huron Huron County 5A1 10100 5050 

Huron Willard 8G1 2715 1357.5 

Jackson James A. Rhodes I43 6053 3026.5 

Jefferson Jefferson County Airpark 2G2 15969 7984.5 

Jefferson Eddie Dew Memorial 1G8 3540 1770 

Knox Knox County 4I3 20150 10075 

Knox Wynkoop 6G4 4691 2345.5 

Lake Concord Airpark 2G1 4510 2255 

Lake Willoughby Lost Nation Municipal LNN 45085 22542.5 

Lawrence Lawrence County Airpark HTW 41910 20955 

Licking Newark-Heath VTA 12457 6228.5 

Logan Bellefontaine Regional EDJ 8325 4162.5 

Lorain Columbia 4G8 5150 2575 

Lorain Elyria 1G1 14300 7150 

Lorain Lagrange 92D 1155 577.5 

Lorain Lorain County Regional LPR 62000 31000 

Lorain Reader-Botsford Airfield 67D 18700 9350 

Lucas Toledo Express TOL 94600 47300 
47

Madison Madison County UYF 41410 20705 

Mahoning Salem Airpark 38D 16920 8460 

Mahoning Tri-City 3G6 10555 5277.5 

Mahoning Elser Metro 4G4 49232 24616 

Mahoning Lansdowne Ø4G 750 375 

Marion Marion Municipal MNN 42650 21325 

Medina Medina Municipal 1G5 79685 39842.5 

Medina Wadsworth Municipal 3G3 41025 20512.5 

Medina Weltzien Skypark 15G 79130 39565 

Mercer Lakefield CQA 16212 8106 

Miami Hartzell Field I17 10200 5100 

Miami Troy Skypark 37I 4264 2132 

Miami Waco Field 1WF 0 0 

Monroe Monroe County 4G5 3324 1662 

Montgomery Brookville Air-Park I62 29359 14679.5 

Montgomery James M. Cox Dayton Intl DAY 134524 67262 

Montgomery Dayton Wright Brothers MGY 89045 44522.5 

Montgomery Moraine Airpark I73 12938 6469 

Montgomery Dahio Trotwood I44 1853 926.5 

Montgomery Phillipsburg 3I7 68000 34000 

Morgan Morgan County I71 5725 2862.5 

Morrow Morrow County 4I9 19108 9554 

Muskingum Zanesville Municipal ZZV 33312 16656 

Muskingum Parr 42I 16150 8075 

Noble Noble County - Mike Brienza Field I1Ø 5950 2975 

Ottawa Middle Bass-East Point 3W9 1300 650 

Ottawa Middle Bass Island 3T7 6500 3250 

Ottawa North Bass Island 3X5 1000 500 

Ottawa Carl R. Keller Field PCW 20890 10445 

Ottawa Put-In-Bay 3W2 15140 7570 

Paulding Paulding 2H8 2100 1050 

Perry Crooksville I84 400 200 

Perry Perry County I86 4550 2275 

Pickaway Pickaway County CYO 35450 17725 

Pickaway Clarks Dream Strip Ø3I 2770 1385 

Pike Pike County EOP 2012 1006 

Portage Freedom Air Field 7D6 1623 811.5 

Portage Farview 86D 3353 1676.5 

Portage Mills 7E3 1050 525 

Portage Portage County 29G 9621 4810.5 

Putnam Ruhe's R47 13250 6625 

Putnam Putnam County OWX 11910 5955 

Putnam Ohio Dusting Co. 6C2 2995 1497.5 

Richland Mansfield Lahm Regional MFD 57518 28759 

Richland Shelby Community 12G 2012 1006 

Ross Ross County RZT 50150 25075 

Sandusky Fremont 14G 37450 18725 

Sandusky Sandusky County Regional S24 6148 3074 
48

Scioto Greater Portsmouth Regional PMH 45830 22915 

Seneca Bandit Field 5D9 140 70 

Seneca Fostoria Metropolitan FZI 7900 3950 

Seneca Weiker 82D 320 160 

Seneca Seneca County 16G 60165 30082.5 

Shelby Sidney Municipal I12 20500 10250 

Stark Barber 2D1 13750 6875 

Stark Miller Airport 4G3 8000 4000 

Stark Beach City 2D7 6112 3056 

Summit Akron Fulton International AKR 26000 13000 

Summit Akron-Canton Regional CAK 120441 60220.5 

Summit Mayfield 1D4 450 225 

Summit Kent State University 1G3 72500 36250 

Trumbull Braceville 41N 425 212.5 

Trumbull Warren 62D 14738 7369 

Trumbull Youngstown-Warren Regional YNG 98298 49149 

Tuscarawas Harry Clever Field PHD 54880 27440 

Union Union County MRT 31886 15943 

Van Wert Van Wert County VNW 20516 10258 

Vinton Vinton County 22I 5225 2612.5 

Warren Warren County I68 24951 12475.5 

Warren Red Stewart Airfield 4ØI 16800 8400 

Wayne Wayne County BJJ 96520 48260 

Williams Williams County ØG6 10010 5005 

Wood Wood County 1GØ 27405 13702.5 

Wood Bordner 3D8 2200 1100 

Wood Deshler Municipal 6D7 2000 1000 

Wood Metcalf TDZ 90700 45350 

Wyandot Wyandot County 56D 7410 3705 

III. Aircraft Models and Number of LTO/yr: 

Specific aircraft models by airport (generally the larger airports) is obtained from “Table 

7” provided by the United States Department of Transportation, Office of Airline 

Information. This provided the number of LTO’s for each aircraft model per year per 

airport. 

Table 2. Sample from “Table 7.” This is the all community total of aircraft models for 

the Akron/Canton area. “All Service” departures were used as the number of LTOs per 

year for that model. Listed in the original table are aircraft model by airport and number 

of services/LTOs. 

 
49

TOTAL DEPARTURES PERFORMD

Aircraft Scheduled Non-Sched All 

Model Service Service Service 

A-318 1 1 

A319 384 384 

BOEING 717-200 3850 3850 

BOEING 727-100 1 1 

BOEING 727-200 5 5 

BOEING 737-100/200 74 74 

BOEING 737-200C 3 3 6 

BOEING 737-300 2 2 

BOEING 737-700/LR 212 212 

BOEING 737-800 5 5 

BOEING 757-200 4 4 

BOEING 767-300/ER 4 4 

CANADAIR RJ-100/ER 542 3 545 

CANADAIR RJ-700 2881 2881 

CONVAIR CV-580 3 3 

DASSAULT FALCON 7 7 

DHC8-100 DASH 8 2 2 

DOUGLAS DC-9-15F 13 13 

DOUGLAS DC-9-30 6 6 

EMBRAER-145 144 144 

RJ-200ER/RJ-440 5519 5519 

SAAB-FAIRCHD 340/B 1804 1804 

ALL TYPES 15342 130 15472 

IV. Emission Factors: 

 Where there was specific aircraft model data the emission factors were derived 

using the FAA’s Emission Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS). EDMS is a combined 

emissions and dispersion model for assessing air quality at civilian airports and military 

air bases. The model was developed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in 

cooperation with the United States Air Force (USAF). The model is used to produce an 

inventory of emissions generated by sources on and around the airport or air base, and 

to calculate pollutant concentrations in these environments. 
50

Table 5-2 EDMS Aircraft Emissions 

Emissions provided by Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. (The few 

aircraft in Ohio not included in the table had emissions derived by EDMS 5.0 in-house.) 

EDMS Aircraft Emissions/LTO by Aircraft Type 

EDMS 4.5 Emissions Inventory Report of 2005 Aircraft Inventory Emissions Factors

 

Year 2005 Lbs Emitted Per LTO 

Aircraft Type CO NOx HC VOC SO2 PM2.5 PM10 

A- 318 19.8 18.7 4.0 4.4 1.5 0.0 0.0 

A-300-600/R/CF/RCF 27.1 56.4 2.0 2.2 4.0 0.2 0.2 

A-300B/C/F-100/200 30.2 52.5 3.5 3.7 3.3 0.2 0.2 

A-310-200C/F 32.6 52.5 7.3 7.9 3.3 0.2 0.2 

A-319 19.8 18.7 4.0 4.4 1.5 0.0 0.0 

A320-100/200 13.7 19.8 1.3 1.3 1.8 0.2 0.2 

A-321 16.8 36.8 3.1 3.3 2.2 0.0 0.0 

A-330-200 29.8 61.5 0.4 0.4 4.4 0.2 0.2 

AVROLINER RJ85 24.7 9.5 2.9 3.3 1.3 0.2 0.2 

BAE-146-300 24.7 9.0 3.1 3.3 1.3 0.2 0.2 

BEECH 1900 A/B/C 11.0 1.1 3.3 3.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 

BEECH KINGAIR C90 1.8 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 

717-200 11.7 23.4 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 

727-100 21.4 23.1 4.6 5.1 2.9 0.4 0.4 

727-100C/QC 44.5 19.8 4.6 5.1 2.4 1.1 1.1 

727-200 19.6 27.3 2.9 3.1 3.3 1.1 1.1 

737-100/200 14.1 16.1 2.2 2.4 2.0 0.7 0.7 

737-200C 13.9 17.4 6.8 7.5 2.0 0.9 0.9 

737-300 28.7 15.9 1.8 2.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 

737-400 26.5 18.5 1.5 1.5 1.8 0.0 0.0 

737-500 24.7 21.2 1.3 1.3 2.0 0.0 0.0 

737-700/LR 17.6 20.1 2.0 2.0 1.8 0.4 0.4 

737-800 15.7 27.1 1.5 1.8 2.0 0.7 0.7 

737-900 15.7 27.1 1.5 1.8 2.0 0.7 0.7 

747-100 252.6 108.5 106.7 116.8 7.1 0.4 0.4 

747-200/300 60.6 104.7 7.1 7.7 6.8 0.7 0.7 

747-400 67.0 105.6 5.7 6.4 7.3 0.7 0.7 

757-200 24.7 35.7 2.0 2.2 2.6 0.4 0.4 

757-300 27.1 33.1 0.4 0.4 3.1 0.2 0.2 

767-200/ER 32.6 52.5 7.3 7.9 3.3 0.2 0.2 

767-300/ER 32.0 62.2 2.6 2.9 4.0 0.4 0.4 

777 32.8 85.1 5.1 5.7 4.4 0.4 0.4 

CANADAIR RJ100/ER 16.3 4.9 1.5 1.8 0.7 0.0 0.0 

CANADAIR RJ-700 12.6 9.3 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 

CESSNA 208 1.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

CONVAIR CV-580 36.2 0.9 8.8 9.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 

DASSAULT FALCON 13.7 2.6 2.4 2.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 

DHC8-100 DASH 8 5.1 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 

DORNIER 328 JET 1.3 6.6 11.9 12.6 0.7 0.0 0.0 

DOUGLAS DC-10-10 102.5 76.7 38.6 42.1 4.2 0.0 0.0 

DOUGLAS DC-10-30 45.4 78.7 5.3 5.7 5.1 0.4 0.4 
51

DOUGLAS DC-10-40 131.8 81.8 30.2 33.1 6.0 0.7 0.7 

DOUGLAS DC-8-63 263.5 25.6 219.1 239.9 4.2 5.1 5.1 

DOUGLAS DC-8-71 53.6 34.6 3.1 3.3 3.7 0.0 0.0 

DOUGLAS DC-8-73 53.6 34.6 3.1 3.3 3.7 0.0 0.0 

DOUGLAS DC-9-10 14.1 14.6 3.7 4.0 1.8 0.2 0.2 

DOUGLAS DC-9-15F 14.1 14.6 3.7 4.0 1.8 0.2 0.2 

DOUGLAS DC-9-30 14.1 14.6 3.7 4.0 1.8 0.2 0.2 

DOUGLAS DC-9-40 39.7 16.5 10.8 11.9 2.0 1.3 1.3 

DOUGLAS DC-9-50 12.6 20.1 1.8 1.8 2.2 0.9 0.9 

EMBRAER-135 12.8 5.5 1.1 1.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 

EMBRAER-140 13.7 6.0 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 

EMBRAER-145 6.4 6.8 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 

EMBRAER-170 9.0 9.7 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 

F28-4000/6000 76.7 10.4 77.2 84.4 1.5 0.0 0.0 

JETSTREAM 41 4.6 2.0 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 

L-101101/100/200 33.3 112.0 6.2 6.8 5.7 1.3 1.3 

LEAR-25 75.2 0.7 7.9 8.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 

LOCKHEED L100-30 48.7 9.9 19.6 21.4 1.8 0.0 0.0 

MD-11 47.8 93.3 4.0 4.4 6.0 0.7 0.7 

MD-80, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8 16.3 20.3 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.2 0.2 

MD-90 12.1 23.8 0.2 0.2 2.0 0.2 0.2 

RJ-200ER/RJ-440 16.3 4.9 1.5 1.8 0.7 0.0 0.0 

SAAB-FAIRCHD 340/B 4.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 

NOTE: Where specific aircraft model data was not available fleet emissions were used. 

EPA default fleet average emission factors were taken from “Documentation for Aircraft, 

Commercial Marine Vessel, ,Locomotive, and Other Non-road Components of the 

National Emissions Inventory. 2005, see Appendix A, Aircraft Emission Estimation 

Methodology.” Specific model LTOs were subtracted from county LTO totals to 

eliminate double counting those LTOs. 

Table 5-3 Fleet Emission Factor Categories 

Fleet emission factors were broken down into three categories. Itinerant General, Local 

General, and Military. 

Table 5-3a Fleet Average Emission Factors for Itinerant General Aircraft. 

(Taken from : Table A-5) 

Pollutant Emission Factors (lbs/LTO) 

HC 1.234 

NOx 0.158 

CO 28.13 

SOx 0.015 

PM10 0.60333 

Note: Air taxi HC emissions * VOC/HC (0.9914) conversion factor = air taxi VOC estimate

 
52

Table 5-3b Fleet Average Emission Factors for Local General Aircraft. 

(Taken From: Table A-11) 

Pollutant Emission Factors (lbs/LTO) 

HC 0.394 

NOx 0.065 

CO 12.014 

SOx 0.01 

PM10 0.2367 

Note: GA HC emissions * VOC/HC(0.9708) conversion factor = GA VOC estimate 

Table 5-3c Fleet Average Emission Factors for Military Aircraft. 

(Taken from: Table A-17) 

Pollutant Emission Factors (lbs/LTO

HC 1.234 

NOx 0.158 

CO 28.13 

SOx 0.015 

PM10 0.60333 

Note: Military HC emissions * VOC/HC(1.1046) conversion factor = Military VOC estimate 

METHODOLOGY 

Introduction 

The following information was considered in the development of emission estimates: 

1. Commercial scheduled and non-scheduled aircraft air carrier activity and 

commercial air freight activity by aircraft model types, 

2. General aviation and air taxi annual local and itinerant operations for year 2005, 

3. Military annual local and itinerant operations for year 2005. 

Due to the need to have aircraft operations information expressed as landing/take off 

(LTO) cycles, the following assumptions were made: 

1. For commercial aircraft and commercial air freight activity, the number of annual 

aircraft annual LTO cycles was assumed to be equal to the number of 
53

departures. The daily LTO cycle frequency was then obtained by dividing the 

yearly LTO cycles by 365. 

 

2. For general aircraft annual local and itinerant airport operations, each respective 

operations total was divided by 2 to obtain the corresponding year local and 

itinerant LTO cycles. The expected daily local and itinerant LTO cycles then 

were obtained by dividing these annual totals by 365. 

3. For military annual local and itinerant operations, each respective operations total 

was divided by 2 to obtain the corresponding year local and itinerant LTO cycles. 

The expected military daily local and itinerant LTO cycles then were obtained by 

dividing these annual totals by 365. 

Airport LTO cycles were further categorized into commercial aircraft by plane and 

engine type, general aviation itinerant aircraft of unknown aircraft type, general aviation 

local aircraft of unknown aircraft type, and military aircraft. This was necessary in order 

to utilize the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration EDMS 

Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System. Commercial and air freight aircraft 

emission factors per LTO cycle were determined using EDMS for each commercial 

aircraft type models where possible were used at each towered airport. Default 

commercial aircraft engine type, and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) default 

time in mode values for takeoff, approach, and landing roll times were used in the 

EDMS model simulations. 

For those aircraft types that could not be determined using the EDMS emissions model, 

aircraft emission factors based upon EPA alternative fleet average procedures were 

then used to estimate their emissions. These included general aviation and air taxi 

itinerant aircraft of unknown aircraft type, general aviation local aircraft of unknown 

aircraft type, and military aircraft. Conversion from total hydrocarbons to volatile organic 

compounds was performed and based upon the EPA guidance. 

APPROACH 

1. A list of more than 90% of the airports was obtained from the Ohio Department of 

Transportation. These were classed by airport, county, aircraft flight classification, and 

the total number of operations per year. 

2. The number of operations (a landing or a take off) were then divided by two giving 

the number of LTOs per year per airport. These airports were combined by county for 

the total number of LTOs per year, per county. 

3. In dialog with ODOT it was determined that the following Ohio flight groups of aircraft 

be combined to match the three categories used by the USEPA in calculating 

emissions. 
54

Itinerant (General, air carrier, commuter, air taxi, general aviation itinerant) 

Local (General aviation local) 

Military (Military) 

4. LTOs for specific models of aircraft per airport were taken from the FAA Table 7. 

See Table 2 above. These were then combined to give the number of LTOs per aircraft 

model per county. Specific model LTOs were subtracted from county totals to avoid 

double counting those LTOs. 

5. Emission factors were determined from the FAA’s EDMS program for specific aircraft 

model and engine type. See IV. Emission factors above. The aircraft emission table 

provided by Michigan has the emission factors for most of the aircraft flown in Ohio. . 

Where specific aircraft model data was not available USEPA average fleet emissions 

were used. 

6. Emission factors times LTOs by county yielded tons per year per county. 

Table 5-4 Pollutant by County (Sample)

County POLLUTANT ACTIVITY(LTOS/YEAR) ACTIVITY(LTOS/DAY) EMISSIONS(TON/YEAR) 

ADAMS CO 2605 7.136986 24.552325 

ADAMS HC 2605 7.136986 0.977285 

ADAMS NOX 2605 7.136986 0.136045 

ADAMS PM10-PRI 2605 7.136986 0.513114825 

ADAMS PM25-PRI 2605 7.136986 0 

ADAMS SOX 2605 7.136986 0.0157875 

ADAMS VOC 2605 7.136986 0.96314234 

ALLEN CO 16250 44.52055 147.945065 

ALLEN HC 16250 44.52055 5.841097 

ALLEN NOX 16250 44.52055 0.827189 

ALLEN PM10-PRI 16250 44.52055 3.081191265 

ALLEN PM25-PRI 16250 44.52055 0 

ALLEN SOX 16250 44.52055 0.0984575 

ALLEN VOC 16250 44.52055 5.769568254 

ASHLAND CO 24620 67.45205 173.67794 

ASHLAND HC 24620 67.45205 6.19414 

ASHLAND NOX 24620 67.45205 0.94895 

ASHLAND PM10-PRI 24620 67.45205 3.532515 

ASHLAND PM25-PRI 24620 67.45205 0 

ASHLAND SOX 24620 67.45205 0.1311 

ASHLAND VOC 24620 67.45205 6.07175247 

ASHTABULA CO 8863 24.28219 78.115087 

ASHTABULA HC 8863 24.28219 3.042551 

ASHTABULA NOX 8863 24.28219 0.431593 
55

ASHTABULA PM10-PRI 8863 24.28219 1.623493455 

ASHTABULA PM25-PRI 8863 24.28219 0 

ASHTABULA SOX 8863 24.28219 0.0520325 

ASHTABULA VOC 8863 24.28219 2.99420213 

ATHENS CO 25800 70.68493 196.874985 

ATHENS HC 25800 70.68493 7.267183 

ATHENS NOX 25800 70.68493 1.081521 

ATHENS PM10-PRI 25800 70.68493 4.037266335 

ATHENS PM25-PRI 25800 70.68493 0 

ATHENS SOX 25800 70.68493 0.1420925 

ATHENS VOC 25800 70.68493 7.128180006 

7. Emissions were then summed by pollutants in each county by SCC aircraft category 

type so data could be provided to LADCO in the EPA prescribed NEI – NIF format. 

DATA ERROR 

The first aircraft emission inventory submitted to LADCO in April, 2007 contained an 

error. The inventory submitted in May, 2007 has the error corrected. The error was the 

result of a carry-over function in Access that picked up the number of operations as 

instead of LTOs....which made the inventory exactly twice as large as what it really was. 

ACCESS CALCULATOR 

Introduction: 

Our database programmer set up Access application to calculate Ohio’s aircraft 

emission inventory, and export those results to Excel. His utility allows for easy 

modification of the aircraft data to match future data scenarios. Output to Excel also 

allows for additional data manipulation and importation. 
56

Interface: 

Through this interface the following sets of data can be edited/updated: Airport activity, 

emission factors, specific airport emissions, state/county FIPS, detailed aircraft 

information, airport information, and aircraft SCCs. Once the final emissions have been 

calculated and summed, then the data can be export via the export function on the Main 

Menu. 
ATTACHMENT C 
Technical Memorandum 

MVRPC/Clark County-Springfield TCC SIP Inventory 

Mobile Emissions Estimate (PM 2.5) 

May 2011 

By MVRPC and Ohio Department of Transportation 

In Coordination with Clark County-Springfield TCC and the Ohio Environmental 

Protection Agency 
Table of Contents 

1. Overview 

2. Urban Travel Demand Modeling

3. Emission Factor Generation

4. Post Processing

5. Multiple MPO Cooordination Issues

Appendix A Interagency Consultation Documentation 

Appendix B 

B.1 Post Processing Default Distributions

B.2 PM 2.5 Emission Summaries 
1. Overview 

This memorandum is intended to document the air quality analyses and underlying assumptions 

performed by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT), Division of Transportation 

System Development-Modeling and Forecasting Section and the Miami Valley Regional 

Planning Commission (MVRPC) for the Annual PM2.5 on-road mobile source emission 

inventories for the Dayton-Springfield Region (D/S Region) State Implementation Plan (SIP) in 

coordination with the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA). 

The D/S Region is comprised of the counties of Clark, Greene, Miami, and Montogomery in 

west-central Ohio. Three counties (Clark, Greene, and Montgomery) are designated nonattainment for the Annual PM2.5 Standard. Clark County Springfield Transportation 

Coordinating Committee (CCS-TCC) serves as the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) 

for Clark County while MVRPC serves as the MPO for the remainder counties: Greene, Miami, 

and Montgomery. 

The ODOT Modeling and Forecasting section performed the MOVES runs to generate travel 

demand model based emission factors as well as the complete air quality analyses for Clark 

County. Using ODOT generated emission factors, MVRPC completed the air quality analyses 

for Greene and Montgomery Counties. 

Latest Planning Assumptions 

The annual PM2.5 inventory runs meet the latest planning assumption requirement. As 

discussed in Section 2 of this report, the modeling process used to develop each MPO emissions 

is calibrated using the latest population and land use data available and is validated using 

corresponding traffic count data. Currently, the travel demand models are validated to year 2000 

(CCS-TCC) or year 2005 (MVRPC) depending on available data. 

U.S. EPA’s most recent emissions software, MOVES, is used for all mobile source emission 

analyses with MOVES inputs being established at various interagency consultation meetings 

between November 2010 and January 2011 (See Appendix A). It was also established at these 

meetings that annual emission estimates would be based on a single-season approach. Since 

travel demand models produce average daily conditions, the daily emissions estimates are 

multiplied by 365 days to produce annual emissions estimates expressed in tons per year. 

Finally, the regional emissions analysis includes emissions for Direct PM2.5 (exhaust, brake, and 

tire wear), Nitrogen Oxides (NOX), and Sulfur Oxides. Volatile Organic Compounds, and 

Ammonia are presumed insignificant at this point. 
On Road Mobile Emission Summary 

Tables 1 to 4 present a summary of emissions by county as well as the entire D/S Region for the 

required precursor NOX as well as Direct PM2.5 for the requested scenarios: 2005 base, 2008 

attainment, 2015 interim, and 2022 maintenance. The remainder of the document focuses on the 

assumptions behind the analyses. 

Table 1 – Dayton/Springield Region On-Road Mobile Emissions 

 2005 Base 

COUNTY NOX (tons/year) SO2 (tons/year) PM 2.5 (tons/year) 

Clark 5,636.5 83.7 165.4 

Greene 5,330.0 81.7 166.5 

Montgomery 17,089.7 258.3 539.2 

TOTAL 28,056.3 423.7 871.1 

Table 2 – Dayton/Springield Region On-Road Mobile Emissions 

 2008 Attainment 

COUNTY NOX (tons/year) SO2 (tons/year) PM 2.5 (tons/year) 

Clark 4,598.4 26.1 138.0 

Greene 4,334.2 25.6 140.3 

Montgomery 13,721.1 79.8 446.4 

TOTAL 22,653.7 131.5 724.7 

Table 3 – Dayton/Springield Region On-Road Mobile Emissions 

 2015 Interim 

COUNTY NOX (tons/year) SO2 (tons/year) PM 2.5 (tons/year) 

Clark 2,393.9 11.5 68.7 

Greene 2,112.1 10.7 67.9 

Montgomery 6,681.5 32.8 215.1 

TOTAL 11,187.4 55.0 351.7 

Table 4 – Dayton/Springield Region On-Road Mobile Emissions 

 2022 Maintenance 

COUNTY NOX (tons/year) SO2 (tons/year) PM 2.5 (tons/year) 

Clark 1,166.5 11.1 42.7 

Greene 1,043.8 10.8 45.2 

Montgomery 3,242.5 32.2 139.3 

TOTAL 5,452.7 54.1 227.2 
2. Urban Travel Demand Models

CCS-TCC and MVRPC maintain regional travel demand forecasting models for use in the urban 

transportation planning process. The models employ the traditional four step modeling process 

to project existing and future traffic volumes and travel patterns on the regional transportation 

network. The four step process consists of trip generation, trip distribution, modal split, and 

route assignment. Output from the urban models is link-by-link directional 24-hour traffic 

volumes. 

During 2000-2002 MVRPC, in cooperation with the Ohio Kentucky Indiana Regional Council of 

Governments, updated its travel demand model. The new model includes the combined regions 

under the jurisdictions of OKI and MVRPC. In 2005, the combined model was updated again to 

incorporate the results of a household interview survey in the MVRPC Region, change the model 

interface to Cube Voyager, and improve model functionality. The changes primarily affected 

trip generation distribution functions in the MVRPC Region. In 2007 in preparation for the 2008 

Transportation Plan Update the model was validated using circa 2005 traffic counts. The 2005 

Cube Voyager model with the latest planning assumptions (networks and socio-economic data) 

is used to calculate 2005-2022 emissions in the MVRPC Region. MVRPC inventory emission 

analyses directory structure can be seen in Figure 1. 

Figure 1 – MVRPC Emission Analyses Runs Directory Structure 
Similarly, the Springfield Region also has a new travel demand model that combined with the 

latest planning assumptions was used to generate emissions in Clark County. The new travel 

demand model now covers all of Clark County and was validated in December 2005, more 

information is available at 

http://www.dot.state.oh.us/urban/data/to_docs/Springfield_model_userguide.doc. Figure 2 

shows the directory structure or model run location. Due to the number of files and complexity, 

travel demand model run details have not been included in this technical memo. 

Figure 2 – CCS-TCC Travel Demand Model Run Directory Structure 

Networks 

Both CCS-TCC and MVRPC’s modeled networks accurately reflect projects in their respective 

TIPs and 2030 Long Range Transportation Plans. Project lists can be found online as listed 

below: 

CCS-TCC 

http://www.clarktcc.com/LRP/2030%20Transportation%20Plan%202008%20Ch4.pdf

MVRPC 

http://docs.mvrpc.org/lrtp/2008/CMProjects.pdf
Landuse and Socio-economic Data 

Both CCS-TCC and MVRPC’s socio-economic model variables reflect the current and expected 

future regional land uses. 

MVRPC’s socio-economic variables were developed for the May 2004 2030 LRTP Update 

based on 2000 Census variables and 2030 county-level Ohio Department of Development 

population projections. In 2007, in preparation for the 2008 Plan Update, MVRPC reviewed the 

2000 socio-economic data and estimated a new 2005 baseline using previous estimates with 

minor adjustments at the individual TAZ level (http://www.mvrpc.org/transportation/longrange). 

On the population side, the Ohio Department of Development (ODOD) has not revised the Long 

Term Population Projections for the Region and MVRPC is required to use them for long range 

transportation planning purposes. Similarly the results of the US Census 2005 American 

Community Survey shows trends consistent with the projections with the one notable exception 

being that the Greene County population estimate was higher than previously forecasted (2.3%) 

and that persons per household (PPHH) had experienced a significant decrease 

(-5.9%). ODOD has a policy to revise long term projections if there is a five percent difference 

in estimates versus projections over a five year period, Greene County does not meet the 

threshold, however ODOD agreed to provide a short-term (2010) forecast revision to better 

correspond with Census estimates. MVRPC then used the revised forecast and together with the 

lower PPHH estimates, revised both the short and long term household forecast for the County 

since households are the primary input to the travel demand model. On the employment side, 

adjustments were made primarily to account for manufacturing job loses between 2000 and 

2005, recognizing that the local economy is moving away from a manufacturing base. 

Independent variables are available for 4 analysis years (2000, 2005, 2010, and 2030) and the 

travel demand model has the ability of interpolating data for any year between available data 

sets. A summary of MVRPC’s socio-economic data is available in Table 5. As can be seen from 

the Table, population and households are expected to decline over the planning period with 

employment making modest gains through 2010 and then remaining fairly constant until 2030. 

Both population and employment are expected to decline in the older urban areas of the region as 

the trend to develop in the suburban fringes and rural areas continues. 
Table 5 – MVRPC Socio-Economic Variables 

Variable Area Type 

CBD Urban Suburban Rural Total 

# of TAZs 65 209 413 130 817 

Acres 880 30,675 297,967 495,879 825,401 

2005 Population 805,816 

2005 Households 1,838 88,631 209,117 26,351 325,937 

2005 Employment 27,942 95,363 304,111 14,574 441,990 

2010 ODOD Population - - - - 800,480 

2010 Households 1,857 87,132 210,457 26,955 326,401 

2010 Employment 28,985 95,345 311,958 15,128 451,416 

2030 ODOD Population - - - - 799,920 

2030 Households 1,930 81,139 212,887 28,411 324,367 

2030 Employment 29,153 89,035 317,122 15,530 450,840 

2005 Persons per Household 1.30 2.33 2.41 2.66 2.40 

2005 Workers per Household 0.61 1.11 1.27 1.41 1.22 

2005 Autos per Household 0.63 1.42 1.82 2.26 1.74 

Note: Includes Greene, Miami, and Montgomery Counties. 

CCS-TCC's socio-economic variables were developed for the 2030 LRTP based on the 2000 

Census variables, 2000 employment from QCEW, and 2030 population projections from the 

Ohio Department of Development. Projections were updated for the 2008 Plan update including: 

school enrollment, hotels, educational and recreational employment, and area type. Independent 

variables (land use/socio-economic data) as provided by CCS-TCC are available for every 

analysis year. These variables are used by ODOT to generate new trip tables for the analysis 

years: 2002, 2010, 2018, 2020, and 2030. 

Table 6 shows a summary of CCS-TCC’s socio-economic data. This summary shows a slight 

decline in population, while households and employment show a moderate gain. 
Table 6 – CCS-TCC Socio-Economic Variables 

VMT Trends 

Figure 3 shows Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) trends for each of the analysis years 2005- 2022 

for the MVRPC (Greene and Montgomery Counties) and CCS-TCC (Clark County) Areas. 

These values represent un-factored travel demand model output. 

Figure 3 – Dayton/Springfield Region VMT Trends 

Area Type (2000) 

CBD Urban Suburban Rural Total 

# of TAZs 9 67 104 123 303 

2000 Population 2,893 23,046 64,021 54,912 144,872 

2000 Households 1,143 8,587 25,840 21,127 56,697 

2000 Employment 4,204 15,511 27,104 18,037 64,856 

Area Type (2030)

CBD Urban Suburban Rural Total 

# of TAZs 9 69 105 120 303 

2030 Population 2,844 22,091 63,771 55,285 143,991 

2030 Households 1,174 9,866 28,717 22,722 62,479 

2030 Employment 3,931 18,685 27,472 17,716 67,804 
3. Emission Factor Generation

Base and Attainment Years 

Using MOVES, emission factor files were generated for base year-2005 and attainment year2008 to represent the programs being implemented in the D/S Region. Programs and 

corresponding MOVES parameters were developed in consultation with OEPA. Only the 2005 

emission factors include an Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) Program since the program was 

terminated at the end of 2005. 

Future Years 

Emission factors were also generated for two future year scenarios: 2015 and 2022. Future year 

scenarios assume no I/M since the program was terminated in 2005. All other assumptions 

remain the same as those used to generate 2005 emission factors and are further illustrated in this 

section using year 2005 as an example. 

Technical Details 

Table 7 summarizes the settings used in the MOVES run specification file and the MOVES 

County-Data Manager. Further details in specific inputs that are not using default values are 

provided below. 

Table 7 – MOVES Inputs 

RunSpec Parameter Settings 

MOVES Version 2010/08/26 

Scale Custom Domain 

MOVES Modeling Technique Emission Factor Method 

Rates per Distance 

Rates per Vehicle 

Time Span Time Aggregation: Hour 

1 Month representing average annual temperatures 

All hours of day selected 

16 speed bins 

Weekdays only 

Geographic Bounds Clark, Greene, and Montgomery Counties 

Vehicles/Equipment All source types, gasoline and diesel 

Road Type All road types including off-network 

Pollutants and Processes NOx, All PM2.5 categories, SO2, Total Energy Consumption 

Strategies None 

General Output Units = grams, joules and miles 

Output Emissions Time = hour, Location = custom area, on-road emission rates by 

road type and source use type. 

Advance Performance None 
County Data Manager Sources 

Source Type Population Combination of local and default data 

Local data (2010) ODOT from motor vehicle registration 

Default data used for source types 41, 51, 54, 61, and 62 

Future year growth rate based on MPO model Household 

growth rate. 

Vehicle Type VMT Combination of local and default data 

HPMSVTypeYear VMT = daily VMT from travel demand 

model 

monthVMTFraction = default 

dayVMTFraction=default 

hourVMTFraction=local 

I/M Program I/M program information applied for 2005 where applicable 

Fuel Formulation Default 

Fuel Supply Default 

Future runs will be modified for reformulated gas, RVP, etc. for 

summer analyses 

Metereology Data Local data obtained from NOAA National Climatic Data Center. 

Data will consist of monthly high and low temperatures and 

daily relative humidity for 2002. 

Ramp Fraction Using the base year travel demand model for VHT fractions. 

Future fractions will be assumed constant 

Road Type Distribution Use ODOT county summary VMT categorized by federal 

functional classes 

Age Distribution Combination of local and default data. 

Local data (2010) ODOT from motor vehicle registration 

Default data used for source types 41, 51, 54, 61, and 62 

The same age distribution will be used for all analysis years 

Average Speed Distribution Default 

Alternative Fuel Type Default 
Temperature and Relative Humidity 

Temperatures used for the single season approach are representative of 12 months in 2002 based 

on NOAA data from the National Climate Data Center webiste. Data for Wright Patterson AFB 

was used because it was the most complete compared to other airports in the non-attainment 

area. To get the correct fomat for MOVES, the data was entered into a spreadsheet provided by 

EPA which was designed to convert Mobile6 data to MOVES. An average annual hourly 

temperature and relative humidity distribution profile can be seen in Table 8. 

Table 8 – Temperature and Relative Humidity Data

Hour Average Temperature 

Average 

Relative Humidity 

1 47.9467 78 

2 46.8033 79 

3 45.905 80 

4 45.2517 79 

5 44.7617 81 

6 44.19 82 

7 43.7 82 

8 44.1083 77 

9 46.5583 71 

10 50.4783 66 

11 54.48 62 

12 57.91 58 

13 60.9317 57 

14 62.565 56 

15 63.1367 55 

16 63.3 55 

17 62.8917 57 

18 61.7483 58 

19 59.7883 62 

20 57.2567 66 

21 54.725 69 

22 52.52 72 

23 50.9683 75 

24 49.4167 76 

Ramp Fraction 

Ramp fractions were derived using the base year travel demand model VHT fractions. Ramp 

fractions can be seen in Table 9. Base year fractions were assumed to apply to future years. 

Table 9 – Ramp Fractions 

roadTypeID roadDesc rampFraction 

2 Rural Restricted Access 0.04 

4 Urban Restricted Access 0.11 
Source Type Population 

Source type population is based on a combination of local and MOVES default data. Local data 

was provided by ODOT based on 2010 motor vehicle registration. Default data is used for 

source types 41, 51, 54, 61, and 62. Future year growth rate is based on MPO model household 

growth rate which is 0% in MVRPC. In Clark County cars are an independent variable to the 

travel demand model. The base year (2000) and the LP year (2030) are used to interpolate the 

number of cars for the needed analysis years in Clark County. Table 10 shows source type 

population for the analyzed counties in 2005. 

Table 10 – Source Type Population for year 2005 

sourceTypeID sourceTypeName Clark Greene Montgomery 

11 MotorCycle 8,341 9,014 25,096 

21 Passenger Car 96,932 105,808 395,925 

31 Passenger Truck 44,885 53,557 172,425 

32 Light Commercial Truck 1,129 1,235 4,614 

41 Intercity Bus 71 52 178 

42 Transit Bus 17 14 66 

43 School Bus 256 356 1,187 

51 Refuse truck 44 36 138 

52 Single Unit Short-haul Truck 68 46 119 

53 Single Unit Long-haul Truck 133 124 169 

54 Motor Home 214 172 665 

61 Comb Short-haul Truck 877 478 1,789 

62 Comb Long-haul Truck 1,009 550 2,058 

I/M Program 

I/M program information was applied to 2005 input files based on an ASM 2525, biennial I/M 

program, for gasoline-powered passenger cars and trucks and light commercial trucks, assuming 

a 98 percent compliance rate. The I/M program was turned “off” for analyses years after 2005. 

Vehicle Age Distribution 

Vehicle age distribution information was derived using Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicle 

registration data for year 2010. The data was given to OEPA who supplied a VIN decoder that 

allowed ODOT to create correctly formatted MOVES inputs. MOVES default data is used for 

source types 41, 51, 54, 61, and 62. The registration data for all three counties in the nonattainment area were combined to create a regional vehicle age distribution file, see Table 11. 

The same age distribution will be used for all analysis years 
Table 11 – Vehicle Age Distribution 

yearid sourcetypeid ageid ageFraction sourcetypeid ageid ageFraction sourcetypeid ageid ageFraction

2005 11 0 0.0018 21 17 0.0364 32 3 0.0708

2005 11 1 0.0214 21 18 0.0330 32 4 0.0678

2005 11 2 0.0551 21 19 0.0256 32 5 0.0341

2005 11 3 0.0702 21 20 0.0211 32 6 0.0268

2005 11 4 0.0831 21 21 0.0174 32 7 0.0330

2005 11 5 0.0782 21 22 0.0133 32 8 0.0332

2005 11 6 0.0617 21 23 0.0098 32 9 0.0367

2005 11 7 0.0775 21 24 0.0087 32 10 0.0497

2005 11 8 0.0569 21 25 0.0067 32 11 0.0525

2005 11 9 0.0506 21 26 0.0051 32 12 0.0406

2005 11 10 0.0429 21 27 0.0026 32 13 0.0411

2005 11 11 0.0328 21 28 0.0016 32 14 0.0348

2005 11 12 0.0241 21 29 0.0015 32 15 0.0745

2005 11 13 0.0205 21 30 0.0444 32 16 0.0526

2005 11 14 0.0215 31 0 0.0062 32 17 0.0408

2005 11 15 0.0164 31 1 0.0255 32 18 0.0354

2005 11 16 0.0136 31 2 0.0463 32 19 0.0267

2005 11 17 0.0124 31 3 0.0558 32 20 0.0215

2005 11 18 0.0089 31 4 0.0650 32 21 0.0245

2005 11 19 0.0082 31 5 0.0782 32 22 0.0156

2005 11 20 0.0079 31 6 0.0722 32 23 0.0135

2005 11 21 0.0086 31 7 0.0708 32 24 0.0102

2005 11 22 0.0091 31 8 0.0674 32 25 0.0107

2005 11 23 0.0125 31 9 0.0545 32 26 0.0066

2005 11 24 0.0186 31 10 0.0579 32 27 0.0039

2005 11 25 0.0172 31 11 0.0569 32 28 0.0014

2005 11 26 0.0147 31 12 0.0507 32 29 0.0007

2005 11 27 0.0169 31 13 0.0452 32 30 0.0094

2005 11 28 0.0249 31 14 0.0407 41 0 0.0000

2005 11 29 0.0168 31 15 0.0424 41 1 0.0282

2005 11 30 0.0950 31 16 0.0350 41 2 0.0466

2005 21 0 0.0063 31 17 0.0298 41 3 0.0791

2005 21 1 0.0237 31 18 0.0215 41 4 0.0819

2005 21 2 0.0347 31 19 0.0166 41 5 0.0819

2005 21 3 0.0428 31 20 0.0123 41 6 0.0636

2005 21 4 0.0439 31 21 0.0114 41 7 0.0734

2005 21 5 0.0478 31 22 0.0096 41 8 0.0381

2005 21 6 0.0504 31 23 0.0072 41 9 0.0678

2005 21 7 0.0527 31 24 0.0057 41 10 0.0664

2005 21 8 0.0548 31 25 0.0038 41 11 0.0438
yearid sourcetypeid ageid ageFraction sourcetypeid ageid ageFraction sourcetypeid ageid ageFraction

2005 21 9 0.0523 31 26 0.0026 41 12 0.0297

2005 21 10 0.0571 31 27 0.0016 41 13 0.0226

2005 21 11 0.0570 31 28 0.0006 41 14 0.0212

2005 21 12 0.0519 31 29 0.0004 41 15 0.0480

2005 21 13 0.0518 31 30 0.0062 41 16 0.0367

2005 21 14 0.0489 32 0 0.0063 41 17 0.0155

2005 21 15 0.0535 32 1 0.0418 41 18 0.0071

2005 21 16 0.0432 32 2 0.0828 41 19 0.0353

2005 41 20 0.0226 43 6 0.0595 51 23 0.0086

2005 41 21 0.0056 43 7 0.0584 51 24 0.0086

2005 41 22 0.0056 43 8 0.0623 51 25 0.0000

2005 41 23 0.0071 43 9 0.0639 51 26 0.0086

2005 41 24 0.0085 43 10 0.0611 51 27 0.0043

2005 41 25 0.0155 43 11 0.0823 51 28 0.0000

2005 41 26 0.0127 43 12 0.0656 51 29 0.0000

2005 41 27 0.0014 43 13 0.0506 51 30 0.0385

2005 41 28 0.0056 43 14 0.0183 52 0 0.0043

2005 41 29 0.0042 43 15 0.0222 52 1 0.0343

2005 41 30 0.0243 43 16 0.0183 52 2 0.0343

2005 42 0 0.0103 43 17 0.0167 52 3 0.1159

2005 42 1 0.0000 43 18 0.0178 52 4 0.0730

2005 42 2 0.0515 43 19 0.0178 52 5 0.0472

2005 42 3 0.0412 43 20 0.0167 52 6 0.0472

2005 42 4 0.0309 43 21 0.0156 52 7 0.0815

2005 42 5 0.0928 43 22 0.0117 52 8 0.1373

2005 42 6 0.0309 43 23 0.0133 52 9 0.0429

2005 42 7 0.0412 43 24 0.0117 52 10 0.0386

2005 42 8 0.0412 43 25 0.0078 52 11 0.0472

2005 42 9 0.1237 43 26 0.0044 52 12 0.0386

2005 42 10 0.0412 43 27 0.0061 52 13 0.0343

2005 42 11 0.0412 43 28 0.0006 52 14 0.0129

2005 42 12 0.0515 43 29 0.0028 52 15 0.0258

2005 42 13 0.0515 43 30 0.0093 52 16 0.0258

2005 42 14 0.0515 51 0 0.0043 52 17 0.0172

2005 42 15 0.0412 51 1 0.0343 52 18 0.0258

2005 42 16 0.0412 51 2 0.0343 52 19 0.0258

2005 42 17 0.0103 51 3 0.1159 52 20 0.0129

2005 42 18 0.0412 51 4 0.0730 52 21 0.0043

2005 42 19 0.0515 51 5 0.0472 52 22 0.0043

2005 42 20 0.0206 51 6 0.0472 52 23 0.0086

2005 42 21 0.0000 51 7 0.0815 52 24 0.0086
yearid sourcetypeid ageid ageFraction sourcetypeid ageid ageFraction sourcetypeid ageid ageFraction

2005 42 22 0.0309 51 8 0.1373 52 25 0.0000

2005 42 23 0.0103 51 9 0.0429 52 26 0.0086

2005 42 24 0.0106 51 10 0.0386 52 27 0.0043

2005 42 25 0.0103 51 11 0.0472 52 28 0.0000

2005 42 26 0.0103 51 12 0.0386 52 29 0.0000

2005 42 27 0.0000 51 13 0.0343 52 30 0.0385

2005 42 28 0.0103 51 14 0.0129 53 0 0.0043

2005 42 29 0.0000 51 15 0.0258 53 1 0.0343

2005 42 30 0.0107 51 16 0.0258 53 2 0.0343

2005 43 0 0.0534 51 17 0.0172 53 3 0.1159

2005 43 1 0.0361 51 18 0.0258 53 4 0.0730

2005 43 2 0.0400 51 19 0.0258 53 5 0.0472

2005 43 3 0.0539 51 20 0.0129 53 6 0.0472

2005 43 4 0.0523 51 21 0.0043 53 7 0.0815

2005 43 5 0.0495 51 22 0.0043 53 8 0.1373

2005 53 10 0.0386 54 26 0.0226 62 11 0.0716

2005 53 11 0.0472 54 27 0.0151 62 12 0.0508

2005 53 12 0.0386 54 28 0.0108 62 13 0.0339

2005 53 13 0.0343 54 29 0.0064 62 14 0.0329

2005 53 14 0.0129 54 30 0.1363 62 15 0.0277

2005 53 15 0.0258 61 0 0.0015 62 16 0.0195

2005 53 16 0.0258 61 1 0.0124 62 17 0.0102

2005 53 17 0.0172 61 2 0.0270 62 18 0.0080

2005 53 18 0.0258 61 3 0.0335 62 19 0.0052

2005 53 19 0.0258 61 4 0.0436 62 20 0.0058

2005 53 20 0.0129 61 5 0.0460 62 21 0.0056

2005 53 21 0.0043 61 6 0.0550 62 22 0.0026

2005 53 22 0.0043 61 7 0.0601 62 23 0.0009

2005 53 23 0.0086 61 8 0.0536 62 24 0.0017

2005 53 24 0.0086 61 9 0.0496 62 25 0.0017

2005 53 25 0.0000 61 10 0.0533 62 26 0.0013

2005 53 26 0.0086 61 11 0.0527 62 27 0.0002

2005 53 27 0.0043 61 12 0.0453 62 28 0.0004

2005 53 28 0.0000 61 13 0.0489 62 29 0.0002

2005 53 29 0.0000 61 14 0.0407 62 30 0.0013

2005 53 30 0.0385 61 15 0.0439

2005 54 0 0.0048 61 16 0.0443

2005 54 1 0.0148 61 17 0.0315

2005 54 2 0.0268 61 18 0.0307

2005 54 3 0.0365 61 19 0.0282

2005 54 4 0.0423 61 20 0.0237
yearid sourcetypeid ageid ageFraction sourcetypeid ageid ageFraction sourcetypeid ageid ageFraction

2005 54 5 0.0482 61 21 0.0273

2005 54 6 0.0504 61 22 0.0278

2005 54 7 0.0431 61 23 0.0179

2005 54 8 0.0413 61 24 0.0183

2005 54 9 0.0418 61 25 0.0130

2005 54 10 0.0499 61 26 0.0096

2005 54 11 0.0487 61 27 0.0056

2005 54 12 0.0454 61 28 0.0046

2005 54 13 0.0336 61 29 0.0034

2005 54 14 0.0355 61 30 0.0470

2005 54 15 0.0381 62 0 0.0045

2005 54 16 0.0292 62 1 0.0448

2005 54 17 0.0235 62 2 0.0074

2005 54 18 0.0171 62 3 0.1062

2005 54 19 0.0148 62 4 0.1088

2005 54 20 0.0169 62 5 0.1557

2005 54 21 0.0209 62 6 0.0692

2005 54 22 0.0234 62 7 0.0424

2005 54 23 0.0230 62 8 0.0478

2005 54 24 0.0200 62 9 0.0504

2005 54 25 0.0188 62 10 0.0813
Road Type Distribution 

Road type distribution is based on the 2008 ODOT, county summary, HPMS VMT data 

categorized by federal functional class for the three county non-attainment area. Road type 

distribution can be seen in Table 12.

Table 12 – Road Type Distribution 

sourceTypeID roadTypeID roadTypeVMTFraction sourceTypeID roadTypeID roadTypeVMTFraction

11 1 0 43 4 0.29

11 2 0.06 43 5 0.52

11 3 0.13 51 1 0

11 4 0.29 51 2 0.06

11 5 0.52 51 3 0.13

21 1 0 51 4 0.29

21 2 0.06 51 5 0.52

21 3 0.13 52 1 0

21 4 0.29 52 2 0.06

21 5 0.52 52 3 0.13

31 1 0 52 4 0.29

31 2 0.06 52 5 0.52

31 3 0.13 53 1 0

31 4 0.29 53 2 0.06

31 5 0.52 53 3 0.13

32 1 0 53 4 0.29

32 2 0.06 53 5 0.52

32 3 0.13 54 1 0

32 4 0.29 54 2 0.06

32 5 0.52 54 3 0.13

41 1 0 54 4 0.29

41 2 0.06 54 5 0.52

41 3 0.13 61 1 0

41 4 0.29 61 2 0.06

41 5 0.52 61 3 0.13

42 1 0 61 4 0.29

42 2 0.06 61 5 0.52

42 3 0.13 62 1 0

42 4 0.29 62 2 0.06

42 5 0.52 62 3 0.13

43 1 0 62 4 0.29

43 2 0.06 62 5 0.52

43 3 0.13
Vehicle Type VMT and VMT Fractions

The first component of the VMT inputs is the Yearly HPMS VMT, but the travel demand model 

was used instead of ODOT’s HMPS data since it was felt that the model would better predict 

future year VMT. ODOT’s CMS post-processor was run for each year to generate congestion 

reports, which includes total daily VMT. The vehicle type percentages of the total VMT were 

based on ODOT’s weigh-in-motion (WIM) data. Since there are not enough WIM stations for 

lower class facilties in the non-attainment area, a statewide average of all ODOT WIM data 

collectors was used. Daily VMT was then converted to yearly. Yearly HPMS VMT for 2005 

can be seen in Table 13. The same method was to generate all other analysis years 

Table 13 – Yearly HPMS VMT for 2005 

HPMSVtypeID yearID HPMSBaseYearVMT baseYearOffNetVMT 

10 2005 30590102 0 

20 2005 5455503318 0 

30 2005 1683283544 0 

40 2005 17205399 0 

50 2005 127192033 0 

60 2005 301977250 0 

Monthly and daily VMT fractions used MOVES default data. The hourly VMT fractions were 

derived from ODOT WIM data. Hourly VMT fractions vary for each of the five MOVES road 

types but do not change for each of the 16 MOVES source types. A representative sample of the 

hour VMT fraction input file can be seen in Table 14, the entire file is too large to include in this 

document. 

Table 14 – Hourly VMT Fractions 

sourceTypeID roadTypeID dayID hourID hourVMTFraction 

11 1 2 1 0.0089 

11 1 2 2 0.00564 

11 1 2 3 0.00424 

11 1 2 4 0.00427 

11 1 2 5 0.00695 

11 1 2 6 0.01798 

11 1 2 7 0.03806 

11 1 2 8 0.057 

11 1 2 9 0.05773 

11 1 2 10 0.05538 

11 1 2 11 0.05554 

11 1 2 12 0.05558 

11 1 2 13 0.05584 

11 1 2 14 0.06051 
sourceTypeID roadTypeID dayID hourID hourVMTFraction 

11 1 2 15 0.06765 

11 1 2 16 0.07755 

11 1 2 17 0.08428 

11 1 2 18 0.0797 

11 1 2 19 0.06012 

11 1 2 20 0.04522 

11 1 2 21 0.03646 

11 1 2 22 0.02912 

11 1 2 23 0.02142 

11 1 2 24 0.01486 

11 2 2 1 0.0089 

11 2 2 2 0.00564 

11 2 2 3 0.00424 

11 2 2 4 0.00427 

11 2 2 5 0.00695 

11 2 2 6 0.01798 

11 2 2 7 0.03806 

11 2 2 8 0.057 

11 2 2 9 0.05773 

11 2 2 10 0.05538 

11 2 2 11 0.05554 

11 2 2 12 0.05558 

11 2 2 13 0.05584 

11 2 2 14 0.06051 

11 2 2 15 0.06765 

11 2 2 16 0.07755 

11 2 2 17 0.08428 

11 2 2 18 0.0797 

11 2 2 19 0.06012 

11 2 2 20 0.04522 

11 2 2 21 0.03646 

11 2 2 22 0.02912 

11 2 2 23 0.02142 

11 2 2 24 0.01486 

11 3 2 1 0.00655 

11 3 2 2 0.0037 

11 3 2 3 0.00304 

11 3 2 4 0.00363 
sourceTypeID roadTypeID dayID hourID hourVMTFraction 

11 3 2 5 0.00792 

11 3 2 6 0.02343 

11 3 2 7 0.04899 

11 3 2 8 0.06319 

11 3 2 9 0.05402 

11 3 2 10 0.05121 

11 3 2 11 0.0528 

11 3 2 12 0.05608 

11 3 2 13 0.05814 

11 3 2 14 0.05875 

11 3 2 15 0.06676 

11 3 2 16 0.07812 

11 3 2 17 0.08469 

11 3 2 18 0.08152 

11 3 2 19 0.05852 

11 3 2 20 0.04343 

11 3 2 21 0.03606 

11 3 2 22 0.02829 

11 3 2 23 0.01883 

11 3 2 24 0.01233 

11 4 2 1 0.00752 

11 4 2 2 0.0044 

11 4 2 3 0.00354 

11 4 2 4 0.00374 

11 4 2 5 0.00705 

11 4 2 6 0.02123 

11 4 2 7 0.054 

11 4 2 8 0.0768 

11 4 2 9 0.06545 

11 4 2 10 0.05114 

11 4 2 11 0.04692 

11 4 2 12 0.04916 

11 4 2 13 0.05112 

11 4 2 14 0.0534 

11 4 2 15 0.06105 

11 4 2 16 0.07421 

11 4 2 17 0.08321 

11 4 2 18 0.08385 

11 4 2 19 0.06062 
sourceTypeID roadTypeID dayID hourID hourVMTFraction 

11 4 2 20 0.04229 

11 4 2 21 0.03442 

11 4 2 22 0.0292 

11 4 2 23 0.02137 

11 4 2 24 0.01431 

11 5 2 1 0.00678 

11 5 2 2 0.00378 

11 5 2 3 0.00295 

11 5 2 4 0.0029 

11 5 2 5 0.00498 

11 5 2 6 0.01422 

11 5 2 7 0.03449 

11 5 2 8 0.05728 

11 5 2 9 0.05435 

11 5 2 10 0.04991 

11 5 2 11 0.05261 

11 5 2 12 0.06098 

11 5 2 13 0.06457 

11 5 2 14 0.06387 

11 5 2 15 0.06812 

11 5 2 16 0.07672 

11 5 2 17 0.08274 

11 5 2 18 0.08284 

11 5 2 19 0.06344 

11 5 2 20 0.04866 

11 5 2 21 0.0407 

11 5 2 22 0.03083 

11 5 2 23 0.01966 

11 5 2 24 0.01262 
Output Emission Factors 

Table 15 shows the first record in a MOVES sample output (rate per distance) emission file for 

year 2005. For any given month, day of week, hour of the day, pollutant, and process; the rate 

per distance varies by road type, and speed bin. Rates per distance emissions are applied to link 

and intrazonal VMT. 

Table 15 – Sample Emission File (Rate per Distance) for year 2005 

Heading: MOVESScenarioID MOVESRunID yearID monthID dayID hourID 

Record: OhioCustomDomain 5 2005 4 5 1 

Heading: linkID pollutantID processID sourceTypeID SCC fuelTypeID 

Record: 990570201 3 1 0 0 

Heading: modelYearID roadTypeID avgSpeedBinID temperature relHumidity ratePerDistance 

Record: 0 2 1 47.9467 78 19.2283 

Table 16 shows the first record in a MOVES sample output (rate per vehicle) emission file for 

year 2005. The rate per vehicle varies for any combinations of month, day of week, hour of the 

day, pollutant, and process. Rates per vehicle emissions are applied to the vehicle souce type 

population. 

Table 16 – Sample Emission File (Rate per Vehicle) for year 2005 

Heading: MOVESScenarioID MOVESRunID yearID monthID dayID 

Record: OhioCustomDomain 5 2005 4 5 

Heading: hourID zoneID pollutantID processID sourceTypeID 

Record: 1 990570 3 2 0 

Heading: SCC fuelTypeID modelYearID temperature ratePerVehicle 

Record: 0 0 47.9467 0.0678071 
4. Post Processing

Total emissions were computed with the aid of several custom programs by ODOT. The process 

uses data on daily and directional traffic distributions as well as more up to date volume/delay 

functions from the 2000 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). This process, described below and 

illustrated in Figure 4, also uses rewritten code able to handle the newer model network formats 

and MOVES generated emission factors. 

The first step in the the process involves running postcms.exe to calculate hourly link volumes 

based on the percentage of the daily volume (travel demand model output) determined by a 

link’s facility and area type. Link speeds from the travel demand model are not used in the 

analysis. The speeds are estimated as a post-process to the model based on HCM methods using 

a link’s volume-to-capacity ratio and link group code. The daily to hourly volume conversion 

percentages and speed tables can be seen in Appendix B.1. 

The second step (mmoves.exe) uses a combination of the MOVES emission factors and the 

hourly link volumes that are output of the postcms.exe program. The hourly volumes are 

multiplied by the MOVES emission factor for the corresponding hour of day, speed bin, and 

roadtype to calculate emissions for every network link for each hour. The final link on road 

vehicle emissions for the area is the sum of all individual link-hour emissions. 

The third step, (vehcalm.exe), calculates vehicle-based emissions for each source type for each 

hour of the day. The vehicle source type is based on a combination of local and default data. 

The final vehicle emissions for each county are the sum of all individual hourly emissions for all 

vehicle types. 

Intrazonal trips do not get loaded onto the network, so the fourth step in the process requires a 

separate method to account for those trips that use local roads to travel within a zone. The 

intracalm.exe program uses intrazonal trips to estimate VMT using the area in square miles and 

intrazonal trips of each zone. The zone is assumed circular and the radius of the circle is used as 

the average trip length for these intrazonal trips. Intrazonal emissions are then calculated by 

combining MOVES generated emissions with estimated intrazonal VMT. The emission rates are 

the same as those used to calculated link based emissions. 

The final step is to summarize link, vehicle, and intrazonal emissions for each county, pollutant, 

and analyzed year, and to multiply annual average daily emissions by 365 to produce an annual 

estimate. Daily summary emissions for each pollutant, county, and scenario year in the Dayton 

Springfield Region can be found in Appendix B.2.
Figure 4 – Emission Calculation Process 

5. Multiple MPO Coordination Issues

CCS-TCC, MVRPC, ODOT, and OEPA have a long history of working together in air quality 

issues, the Memorandum of Understanding, listed below, documents these working relationships. 

The document is in the process of being signed by all parties involved. 

• Memorandum of Understanding among the MVRPC, the CCS-TCC, the OKI Regional 

Council of Governments, the OEPA, the ODOT, the US EPA-Region 5, the FHWA-Ohio 

Division, and the FTA-Region 5. 
Appendix A 

Interagency Consultation Documentation 
11/8/10 Call 

Interagency Consultation 

Annual PM2.5 Redesignations Planning 

Dayton-Springfield Area 

Minutes 

Participants: 

Nino Brunello - ODOT 

Ana Ramirez - MVRPC 

Lamar Daniel – Clark County 

Patricia Morris – USEPA Region 5 

Carolina Prado – Ohio EPA 

Call objective: 

- Annual PM2.5 redesignation planning for the Dayton-Springfield 

nonattainment area. 

- Model mobile emissions for PM2.5, NOx and SO2. 

- Years to be model: 2005 (base nonattainment year), 2008 (attainment year), 

2015 (interim budget year), and 2022 (maintenance budget year). 

- Agree upon responsibilities and timing for the generation of on-road (mobile) 

emissions as part of the annual PM2.5 redesignation requirements for the 

Dayton-Springfield area. 

Agreements: 

- ODOT will develop the Emission Model database and submit it to MVRPC. 

- MVRPC will develop the Travel Model database and combine it with the 

Emission Model to run MOVES. 

- ODOT will develop Dayton-Springfield assumptions document similar to 

those used in the Columbus area assumptions protocol. MVRPC will 

assist as needed. 

- MVRPC will provide final protocol write up on the procedures, steps and 

assumptions used to run MOVES and obtain mobile emissions. 

- OEPA will review data and justify, if appropriate, insignificance of SO2. 

Timeline: 

November 17, 2010 – ODOT will submit assumptions protocol draft to OEPA for 

distribution for comments. 

November 23, 2010 – All IAC group comments on protocol assumptions should 

be sent back to ODOT. 
December 7, 2010 – ODOT will distribute final protocol assumptions. 

Mid December 2010 – ODOT will have Emission Model completed. 

Mid January 2010 – MVRPC will have mobile emissions runs completed and 

write-up. Will be provided to OEPA. 

OEPA will provide notice to all persons on this list when draft redesignation 

request out for comment. 

*Margin of safety to be added to 2015 and 2022 mobile budgets will be discussed 

in next call. 
Next Call Dayton‐Springfield redesignation

Carolina Prado [Carolina.Prado@epa.state.oh.us]

Sent:  Wed 11/10/2010 4:35 PM

To: ldaniel@clarkcountyohio.gov; Leigh.Oesterling@dot.gov;

Nino.Brunello@dot.state.oh.us; Patricia Morris; Jennifer Hunter;

aramirez@nvroc.org

IAC group,

Based on your responses to my previous email, our next PM2.5 redesignation

call for the Dayton‐Springfield area will on December 14, 2010 at 10:00am

EST Please call 614 387‐7405

Thanks,

Carolina

Carolina M. Prado

State Implementation Plan (SIP) Development Ohio EPA, Division of Air

Pollution Control 614‐644‐2310 Carolina.Prado@epa.state.oh.us
Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Annual Standard 

Several parameters have been identified for use in the preparation of this analysis. The 

parameters listed below will be applied in the base MOVES setup: 

• Pollutants to be monitored: SO2, NOx, and PM2.5

• Model years: 2005, 2008 (leap year), 2015, and 2022 (reflecting the most recent 

correspondence from EPA) 

• MOVES modeling technique: Emission Factor method 

o Rates per Distance 

o Rates per Vehicle 

o (Rates per Profile are used only for VOCs) 

• Scale: Custom domain 

• Time Span: 

o Time aggregation: Hour 

o 1 month representing average annual temperatures 

o All hours of day selected 

o 16 speed bins 

o Weekdays only 

• Geographic Bounds: Custom Domain – all counties in the MORPC area 

• Vehicles/Equipment: All source types, gasoline and diesel 

• Road Type: All road types including off-network 

• Pollutants and Processes: NOx, All PM2.5 categories, SO2, Total Energy 

Consumption 

• Strategies: none 

• General Output: Units = grams, joules and miles 

• Output Emissions: Time = hour, Location = custom area, on-road emission rates 

by road type and source use type. 

• Advanced Performance: none 

The following assumptions will be applied within the County Data Manager portion of 

the MOVES software package. Each parameter is identified, along with the source data 

that will be applied (if applicable). 

• Source Type Population: Combination of local and default data. Local data 

(2010) ODOT from motor vehicle registration data. Default data used for source 

types 41, 61, and 62. Future year growth rate based on MPO model variable 

Household growth rate 

• Vehicle Type VMT: Combination of local and default data. HPMSVTypeYear 

VMT = daily VMT from travel demand model with EPA’s daily to annual VMT 

converter applied. monthVMTFraction = default. dayVMTFraction=default. 

hourVMTFraction=local. 

• I/M Programs: I/M program information will be applied for 2005 where 

applicable. 
• Fuel Formulation: Modify diesel sulfur fraction to match previous MOBILE 

inputs. Future runs will also be modified for reformulated gas, RVP, etc. for 

summer analyses. 

• Fuel Supply: Using MOVES default data. 

• Meteorology Data: Local data obtained from NOAA National Climatic Data 

Center. Data will consist of monthly high and low temperatures and daily relative 

humidity. 

• Ramp Fraction: Using the base year travel demand model for VHT fractions. 

Future fractions will be assumed constant. 

• Road Type Distribution: Use ODOT (and some WVDOT) county summary 

VMT categorized by federal functional classes 

• Age Distribution: Combination of local and default data. Local data (2010) 

ODOT from motor vehicle registration data (also some WVDO data). Default 

data used for source types 41, 51, 54, 61, and 62. The same age distribution will 

be used for all analysis years. 

• Average Speed Distribution: Using MOVES default data. Data source does not 

matter because it is ignored when calculating emission rates. 

• Alternative Fuel Vehicle Types: Default file will be modified to reflect any CNG 

buses. 
‐‐‐‐‐Original Message‐‐‐‐‐ 

From: Carolina Prado [mailto:Carolina.Prado@epa.state.oh.us]  

Sent: Tuesday, December 14, 2010 2:44 PM

To: ldaniel@clarkcountyohio.gov; Leigh.Oesterling@dot.gov; Dave Moore;

Nino.Brunello@dot.state.oh.us; Patricia Morris; Ramirez, Ana; Andy Roth

Cc: Jennifer Hunter

Subject: NEXT CALL: Dayton‐Springfield redesignation

Thanks for your participation in today's call.

We will have a follow‐up call on January 18, 2011 (Tuesday) at 10:00 AM

EST.

The call in number is 614‐387‐7405, no access code required.

Thanks,

Carolina

Carolina M. Prado

State Implementation Plan (SIP) Development

Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control

614‐644‐2310

Carolina.Prado@epa.state.oh.us  

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐  

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency  

Unless otherwise provided by law,  

this communication and any response to it  

constitutes a public record.  

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 
‐‐‐‐‐Original Message‐‐‐‐‐ 

From: Carolina Prado [mailto:Carolina.Prado@epa.state.oh.us]  

Sent: Monday, January 24, 2011 12:23 PM

To: ldaniel@clarkcountyohio.gov; leigh.oesterling@dot.gov; Dave Moore;

Nino.Brunello@dot.state.oh.us; Patricia Morris; Jennifer Hunter;

smapel@lcounty.com; cparasa@morpc.org; ngill@morpc.org; Ramirez, Ana; Andy

Roth

Subject: Follow up call PM2.5 redesigantion ‐ Columbus and Dayton areas

Based on our 1/18 conference call we are in target to get all the mobile

information by the end of January!!

We will like to setup a follow up call on February 8th* at 1:00PM only if

we do not get the agreed information.  MORPC and MVRPC are in charge of

sending the final mobile numbers.  

*During our last call we agreed on having a follow up call on Feb 7,

unfortunately we had to move it one day due to the lack of enough phone

lines.

Please call 614‐644‐4743)

Thanks,

Carolina M. Prado

State Implementation Plan (SIP) Development

Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control

614‐644‐2310

Carolina.Prado@epa.state.oh.us

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐  

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency  

Unless otherwise provided by law,  

this communication and any response to it  

constitutes a public record.  

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 
Appendix B 
Appendix B.1 

Post Processing Default Distributions 
HOUR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 

PCTADT URB FWY 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 2.2 5.2 7.3 6.4 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 6.1 7.2 8.0 7.9 5.8 URB ART 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.5 3.5 5.7 5.5 5.1 5.3 6.2 6.5 6.4 6.8 7.6 8.2 8.1 6.2 RUR FWY 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.3 2.2 3.7 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.7 6.0 6.5 7.1 7.5 7.0 5.6 RUR ART 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.4 4.8 6.2 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.7 7.6 8.1 7.7 5.6 PCTADT TRK URB FWY 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.4 3.0 3.9 4.6 5.3 6.0 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3 5.8 5.2 4.6 4.1 URB ART 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.3 3.9 5.9 6.9 6.7 7.1 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.2 6.0 5.0 3.7 RUR FWY 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.6 3.1 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.1 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.3 4.9 4.6 RUR ART 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.2 3.0 4.2 5.3 6.1 6.7 7.0 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.3 5.5 4.6 3.8 PCTDIR URB FWY 38 40 40 46 56 64 70 70 68 62 58 52 52 52 50 46 38 38 46 URB ART 44 46 44 48 54 62 66 68 64 56 54 52 50 50 50 46 40 38 46 RUR FWY 44 46 48 54 60 68 68 64 58 54 52 50 50 52 52 48 42 40 44 RUR ART 40 42 44 48 58 66 72 68 60 56 54 50 50 50 50 46 40 38 46 LOS E VC 0 0.625 1.25 1.875 2.5 3.125 3.75 4.375 5 5.625 6.25 6.875 7.5 8.125 8.75 9.375 10 10.625 11.25 SPEEDVC curve1 75 75 75 75 75 75 74.9 74.8 74.6 74.2 73.5 72.3 70.5 67.8 64.2 59.5 54 47.7 41.2 curve2 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 69.9 69.8 69.6 69.2 68.4 67.1 65.1 62.2 58.2 53 47 40.5 curve3 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 64.9 64.8 64.4 63.8 62.6 60.5 57 52 45.4 37.8 curve4 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 59.9 59.8 59.6 59.1 58.2 56.7 54.3 50.8 46.1 40.3 curve5 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 54.9 54.7 54.3 53.6 52.3 50 46.5 41.5 curve6 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 59.9 59.8 59.7 59.4 59.1 58.5 57.7 56.5 55 53.1 50.7 curve7 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 54.9 54.9 54.7 54.5 54.2 53.8 53.1 52.2 50.9 49.3 47.3 curve8 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49.9 49.9 49.8 49.6 49.4 49 48.5 47.7 46.7 45.4 43.8 curve9 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 44.9 44.8 44.7 44.4 44.1 43.6 43 42.1 40.9 39.4 curve10 50 50 50 50 49.9 49.8 49.7 49.4 49 48.4 47.5 46.5 45.1 43.5 41.7 39.6 37.3 34.9 32.4 curve11 50 50 50 50 50 49.9 49.7 49.4 48.9 48 46.7 44.9 42.5 39.6 36.2 32.6 28.7 25 21.4 curve12 50 50 50 50 50 49.9 49.8 49.6 49.1 48.2 46.8 44.5 41.4 37.5 32.9 28 23.1 18.7 14.9 curve13 40 40 40 40 40 40 39.9 39.8 39.5 39.2 38.6 37.8 36.7 35.3 33.5 31.4 29 26.4 23.7 curve14 40 40 40 40 40 39.9 39.8 39.6 39.1 38.5 37.5 36.1 34.3 32.1 29.4 26.5 23.5 20.5 17.7 curve15 40 40 40 40 40 39.9 39.7 39.4 38.8 37.9 36.5 34.7 32.3 29.5 26.4 23.2 20 17 14.3 curve16 35 35 35 35 35 34.9 34.8 34.5 34 33.2 32.1 30.5 28.5 26.1 23.5 20.6 17.9 15.2 12.8 curve17 35 35 35 35 35 34.9 34.7 34.4 33.9 33.1 32 30.3 28.3 25.8 23.1 20.3 17.5 14.9 12.5 curve18 35 35 35 35 35 34.9 34.6 34.2 33.5 32.4 30.9 28.8 26.3 23.4 20.4 17.4 14.6 12.1 9.9 curve19 30 30 30 30 30 29.9 29.8 29.5 29 28.2 27.1 25.6 23.7 21.5 19.1 16.6 14.2 12 10 curve20 30 30 30 30 30 29.9 29.7 29.4 28.9 28.1 26.9 25.3 23.4 21.1 18.6 16.1 13.6 11.4 9.5 curve21 30 30 30 30 30 29.9 29.7 29.3 28.7 27.7 26.2 24.4 22.1 19.6 17 14.4 12 9.9 8.1 VC RATIO TO LOS CONVERSION (VALUE SHOWN IS LOWER LIMIT FOR THAT LOS)(URBAN ROADS USE SPEED BREAKS BELOW FOR LOS DETERMINATION) (ALL USE THE BASE VC'S TO DETERMIN BASE RUR2 FWY A 0.00 0.00 0.00 B 0.30 0.00 0.25 C 0.50 0.10 0.40 D 0.70 0.30 0.60 E 0.90 0.50 0.80 F 1.00 1.00 1.00 F+ 1.10 1.10 1.10 F++ 1.30 1.30 1.30 
SPEED VC RATIO BREAKS FOR URBAN STREETS (HIGHEST SPEED FOR GIVEN LOS & FF SPEED) 

FFS B C D E F >47 42. 34. 27. 21. 16. >37 35. 28. 22. 17. 13. >32 30. 24. 18. 14. 10. <33 25. 19. 13. 9. 7. LEVEL OF SERVICE THRESHOLD BY AREA NUM LOS DEFINITION 1 F CINCINNATI,CLEVELAND,COLUMBUS CENTRAL MPO COUNTIES (CUY,FRA,HAM) 2 E OTHER TMA MPOS (AKRON,CANTON,DAYTON,TOLEDO,YOUNGSTOWN + NON-CENTRAL COUNTIES FROM 1) 3 E OTHER MPOS & PARTS OF AREAS 1 & 2 OUTSIDE URBANIZED AREA 4 E RURAL NON MPO COUNTIES PEAK SPREADING MODEL INFO (SET MAX ITERATIONS TO 0 TO DISABLE PEAK SPREADING) MAX VC RATIO FWY: 1.30 MAX VC RATIO ART: 1.30 MAX ITERATIONS : 1000 TRUCK PCE: 2.00 AQ SEASON FACTOR: 1.00 MODEL CLASS PARAMETERS (MAX 4 CLASSES, HOURS 0-23 W/ NO OVERLAP IN CLASS, ALLOCATE ENTIRE CLASS AS TRUCK(1) OR NOT(0)) CLS TRK 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CLS BEG 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CLS END 23 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CLS NUM 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Appendix B.2 

PM2.5 EmissionSummaries 
Clark County Daily Summary 

 2005 (I/M) 

CLARK NOX (tons/day) SO2 (tons/day) PM 2.5 (tons/day) 

Link Emissions 12.4755 0.2178 0.3852

Vehicle Emissions 2.9276 0.0106 0.0664

Intrazonal Emissions 0.0395 0.0008 0.0016

TOTAL 15.4426 0.2292 0.4532

 2008 (No I/M) 

CLARK NOX (tons/day) SO2 (tons/day) PM 2.5 (tons/day) 

Link Emissions 9.8517 0.0665 0.3218

Vehicle Emissions 2.7148 0.0047 0.0549

Intrazonal Emissions 0.0318 0.0002 0.0014

TOTAL 12.5983 0.0714 0.3781

 2015 (No I/M) 

CLARK NOX (tons/day) SO2 (tons/day) PM 2.5 (tons/day) 

Link Emissions 4.7404 0.0292 0.1548

Vehicle Emissions 1.8045 0.0021 0.0328

Intrazonal Emissions 0.0136 0.0001 0.0007

TOTAL 6.5585 0.0314 0.1883

 2022 (No I/M) 

CLARK NOX (tons/day) SO2 (tons/day) PM 2.5 (tons/day) 

Link Emissions 2.1912 0.0283 0.0920

Vehicle Emissions 0.9991 0.0019 0.0247

Intrazonal Emissions 0.0056 0.0001 0.0004

TOTAL 3.1959 0.0303 0.1171
Greene County Daily Summary 

 2005 (I/M) 

GREENE NOX (tons/day) SO2 (tons/day) PM 2.5 (tons/day) 

Link Emissions 11.9481 0.2128 0.3943

Vehicle Emissions 2.5719 0.0093 0.0584

Intrazonal Emissions 0.0828 0.0017 0.0034

TOTAL 14.6028 0.2238 0.4561

 2008 (No I/M) 

GREENE NOX (tons/day) SO2 (tons/day) PM 2.5 (tons/day) 

Link Emissions 9.4451 0.0656 0.3335

Vehicle Emissions 2.3617 0.0041 0.0478

Intrazonal Emissions 0.0678 0.0005 0.0031

TOTAL 11.8746 0.0702 0.3844

 2015 (No I/M) 

GREENE NOX (tons/day) SO2 (tons/day) PM 2.5 (tons/day) 

Link Emissions 4.2240 0.0273 0.1565

Vehicle Emissions 1.5331 0.0018 0.0280

Intrazonal Emissions 0.0295 0.0002 0.0015

TOTAL 5.7866 0.0293 0.1860

 2022 (No I/M) 

GREENE NOX (tons/day) SO2 (tons/day) PM 2.5 (tons/day) 

Link Emissions 1.8865 0.0258 0.0928

Vehicle Emissions 0.8259 0.0016 0.0206

Intrazonal Emissions 0.1472 0.0023 0.0105

TOTAL 2.8596 0.0297 0.1239
Montgomery County Daily Summary 

 2005 (I/M) 

MONTGOMERY NOX (tons/day) SO2 (tons/day) PM 2.5 (tons/day) 

Link Emissions 37.6093 0.6721 1.2654

Vehicle Emissions 9.0690 0.0327 0.2059

Intrazonal Emissions 0.1428 0.0029 0.0059

TOTAL 46.8211 0.7077 1.4772

 2008 (No I/M) 

MONTGOMERY NOX (tons/day) SO2 (tons/day) PM 2.5 (tons/day) 

Link Emissions 29.1532 0.2033 1.0495

Vehicle Emissions 8.3286 0.0144 0.1686

Intrazonal Emissions 0.1102 0.0009 0.0050

TOTAL 37.5920 0.2186 1.2231

 2015 (No I/M) 

MONTGOMERY NOX (tons/day) SO2 (tons/day) PM 2.5 (tons/day) 

Link Emissions 12.8521 0.0833 0.4880

Vehicle Emissions 5.4072 0.0063 0.0989

Intrazonal Emissions 0.0461 0.0003 0.0023

TOTAL 18.3054 0.0899 0.5892

 2022 (No I/M) 

MONTGOMERY NOX (tons/day) SO2 (tons/day) PM 2.5 (tons/day) 

Link Emissions 5.6270 0.0773 0.2844

Vehicle Emissions 2.9139 0.0056 0.0728

Intrazonal Emissions 0.3426 0.0054 0.0244

TOTAL 8.8835 0.0883 0.3816
ATTACHMENT D 
Regional Quality Analyses for

Ozone, PM2.5 and Regional Haze:

Technical Support Document Supplement

September 12, 2008

States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and

Wisconsin

The document can be found at:

.b.!!P://www.epa.ohio.g.QYLportals/27/SIP/AQ,Pendix%20 0-

2 TSD SUJ2.plement without CAIR modeling FINAL.lli!f