Total U.S.a

Before 

1950

1950 to 

1959

1960 to 

1969

1970 to 

1979

1980 to 

1989

1990 to 

1999

2000 to 

2009

2010 to 

2015

2016 to 

2020

All homes 123.53 20.26 12.48 12.76 18.34 16.30 17.16 16.16 5.53 4.56

Indoor light bulbs used at least 4 

hours a day

0 to 2 47.78 7.60 5.30 5.07 7.39 6.54 6.45 5.73 2.00 1.70

3 to 5 31.24 5.50 3.13 3.56 4.66 4.07 4.26 3.71 1.24 1.11

6 to 9 23.06 3.91 2.28 2.05 3.36 3.08 3.39 3.07 1.12 0.78

10 to 19 16.66 2.58 1.39 1.68 2.38 2.05 2.31 2.72 0.83 0.73

20 or more 4.79 0.67 0.38 0.40 0.55 0.56 0.75 0.92 0.33 0.23

Incandescent or halogen bulbs used 

indoors

Yes, at least one incandescent or 

halogen bulb 75.22 12.37 7.31 7.87 11.21 10.09 10.83 10.00 3.23 2.31

All bulbs are incandescent or 

halogen 8.50 1.56 0.73 1.07 1.29 1.10 1.07 1.07 0.37 0.24

Most bulbs are incandescent or 

halogen 10.19 1.64 0.96 1.11 1.52 1.46 1.47 1.34 0.41 0.26

About half of bulbs are incandescent 

or halogen 9.10 1.52 0.81 0.80 1.24 1.28 1.59 1.15 0.38 0.34

Some bulbs are incandescent or 

halogen 47.43 7.64 4.80 4.90 7.16 6.25 6.69 6.44 2.07 1.46

No incandescent or halogen bulbs 48.31 7.89 5.17 4.89 7.13 6.21 6.33 6.16 2.29 2.25

CFL bulbs used indoors

Yes, at least one CFL bulb 74.38 12.17 7.84 7.95 11.22 9.88 10.47 9.60 3.16 2.08

All bulbs are CFL 5.35 1.04 0.75 0.60 0.81 0.67 0.62 0.45 0.24 0.16

Most bulbs are CFL 9.55 1.63 1.10 1.01 1.31 1.27 1.16 1.37 0.39 0.30

About half of bulbs are CFL 11.82 1.68 1.27 1.36 1.85 1.65 1.68 1.41 0.58 0.34

Some bulbs are CFL 47.66 7.83 4.72 4.98 7.25 6.29 7.01 6.37 1.94 1.27

No CFL bulbs 49.15 8.08 4.64 4.81 7.12 6.41 6.68 6.56 2.36 2.47

LED bulbs used indoors

Yes, at least one LED bulb 101.85 16.18 10.33 10.18 14.93 13.32 14.33 13.83 4.74 4.01

All bulbs are LED 26.08 4.14 2.62 2.53 3.73 3.37 3.44 3.44 1.20 1.60

Most bulbs are LED 31.61 4.96 2.91 3.23 4.65 4.03 4.39 4.71 1.59 1.14

About half of bulbs are LED 17.69 2.74 1.81 1.69 2.58 2.11 2.88 2.43 0.87 0.60

Some bulbs are LED 26.47 4.34 2.99 2.73 3.97 3.82 3.62 3.26 1.07 0.67

No LED bulbs 21.68 4.08 2.15 2.57 3.41 2.97 2.83 2.33 0.79 0.55

Outdoor light bulbs left on all night

None 72.40 12.87 6.98 7.55 10.93 9.44 9.75 9.04 3.19 2.65

1 to 4 45.30 6.78 5.04 4.71 6.74 6.21 6.47 5.85 1.90 1.60

5 to 9 4.25 0.42 0.37 0.38 0.52 0.41 0.69 0.95 0.33 0.17

10 or more 1.57 0.18 0.09 0.11 0.15 0.24 0.24 0.32 0.11 0.13

Type of outdoor light bulbs left on all 

night

At least 1 outdoor light bulb 51.12 7.38 5.50 5.20 7.41 6.86 7.40 7.12 2.34 1.91

LED 33.26 4.61 3.62 3.19 4.57 4.37 4.95 4.99 1.58 1.39

CFL 8.39 1.26 0.89 0.97 1.17 1.15 1.19 1.08 0.40 0.28

Incandescent or halogen 13.62 2.14 1.41 1.48 2.23 1.87 1.80 1.75 0.55 0.39

No outdoor light bulbs 72.40 12.87 6.98 7.55 10.93 9.44 9.75 9.04 3.19 2.65

Table HC5.3 Lighting in U.S. homes, by year of construction, 2020

Number of housing units (million)

Year of construction

Preliminary data release date: March 2022 

Final data release date: March 2023
Total U.S.a

Before 

1950

1950 to 

1959

1960 to 

1969

1970 to 

1979

1980 to 

1989

1990 to 

1999

2000 to 

2009

2010 to 

2015

2016 to 

2020

All homes 123.53 20.26 12.48 12.76 18.34 16.30 17.16 16.16 5.53 4.56

Table HC5.3 Lighting in U.S. homes, by year of construction, 2020

Number of housing units (million)

Year of construction

Preliminary data release date: March 2022 

Final data release date: March 2023

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. See RECS Terminology for definition of terms used in these tables.

a Total U.S. includes all primary occupied housing units in the 50 States and the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and 

group quarters are excluded.

Q = Data withheld because either the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 10 households in reporting sample.

N = No households in reporting sample.
Total U.S.1

Before 

1950

1950 to 

1959

1960 to 

1969

1970 to 

1979

1980 to 

1989

1990 to 

1999

2000 to 

2009

2010 to 

2015

2016 to 

2020

All homes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.84 3.44

Indoor light bulbs used at least 4 

hours a day

0 to 2 1.21 2.81 3.31 3.34 2.77 3.70 2.38 2.96 6.41 7.00

3 to 5 1.27 3.65 3.87 4.72 3.70 3.96 3.67 3.35 7.32 7.13

6 to 9 1.80 4.14 5.81 6.62 4.86 5.85 5.47 4.59 9.11 9.14

10 to 19 2.26 5.53 8.64 5.90 4.61 6.91 4.97 4.01 9.07 10.60

20 or more 4.44 11.27 15.27 12.83 10.18 14.18 10.85 9.75 13.26 17.33

Incandescent or halogen bulbs used 

indoors

Yes, at least one incandescent or 

halogen bulb 0.70 1.56 2.61 2.21 1.81 1.58 1.70 1.69 4.06 5.80

All bulbs are incandescent or 

halogen 3.27 8.19 8.85 8.50 8.93 9.31 10.13 8.25 15.75 16.64

Most bulbs are incandescent or 

halogen 2.70 6.49 9.48 8.51 8.13 7.39 8.25 7.14 16.14 16.92

About half of bulbs are incandescent 

or halogen 2.52 9.05 10.23 9.64 7.60 7.71 6.71 8.17 12.60 16.95

Some bulbs are incandescent or 

halogen 1.03 2.77 3.75 3.57 2.72 2.96 2.44 2.43 5.44 6.85

No incandescent or halogen bulbs 1.08 2.44 3.70 3.57 2.84 2.57 2.91 2.74 5.35 5.26

CFL bulbs used indoors

Yes, at least one CFL bulb 0.57 1.60 2.12 1.84 1.75 1.94 2.03 1.83 4.11 5.58

All bulbs are CFL 4.82 10.32 14.41 12.60 10.26 16.08 12.08 12.22 18.35 24.86

Most bulbs are CFL 2.85 6.83 8.29 10.11 8.39 9.90 7.87 6.57 15.00 17.83

About half of bulbs are CFL 2.75 7.66 8.68 8.31 6.47 6.56 6.80 6.28 11.23 16.40

Some bulbs are CFL 1.02 2.59 3.90 2.81 2.64 3.10 2.76 2.50 5.84 8.12

No CFL bulbs 0.87 2.40 3.58 3.04 2.76 2.99 3.18 2.68 5.35 4.73

LED bulbs used indoors

Yes, at least one LED bulb 0.40 1.19 1.22 1.22 0.99 1.35 1.06 0.87 3.10 3.99

All bulbs are LED 1.33 3.95 5.18 4.97 3.74 4.37 4.37 4.15 8.27 6.48

Most bulbs are LED 1.48 3.68 4.76 3.69 3.38 4.03 4.27 2.98 7.79 7.78

About half of bulbs are LED 1.88 5.08 6.59 6.91 4.92 5.92 4.74 4.84 9.62 11.87

Some bulbs are LED 1.53 4.21 5.26 5.61 4.22 4.39 4.33 3.98 8.35 11.12

No LED bulbs 1.90 4.71 5.86 4.84 4.33 6.05 5.35 5.14 9.73 12.02

Outdoor light bulbs left on all night

None 0.66 1.49 2.01 2.15 1.80 2.25 1.87 1.44 4.32 4.83

1 to 4 0.99 2.73 2.98 3.34 2.96 3.21 2.57 2.17 6.00 5.68

5 to 9 4.74 14.43 13.77 17.80 10.81 14.94 11.62 9.24 14.33 17.17

10 or more 6.76 22.18 25.09 28.26 25.95 19.21 22.21 15.51 31.08 23.95

Type of outdoor light bulbs left on all 

night

At least 1 outdoor light bulb 0.93 2.60 2.55 3.12 2.65 3.10 2.47 1.83 5.81 5.45

LED 1.36 3.48 4.58 4.23 3.59 4.42 3.46 2.99 7.02 7.24

CFL 3.07 10.17 9.84 8.05 8.13 8.07 9.76 7.50 14.06 16.04

Incandescent or halogen 2.22 6.33 6.57 8.19 4.96 5.68 6.33 5.99 10.51 15.35

No outdoor light bulbs 0.66 1.49 2.01 2.15 1.80 2.25 1.87 1.44 4.32 4.83

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC5.3 Lighting in U.S. homes, by year of construction, 2020

RSEs for number of housing units

Year of construction

Preliminary data release date: March 2022 

Final data release date: March 2023
Total U.S.1

Before 

1950

1950 to 

1959

1960 to 

1969

1970 to 

1979

1980 to 

1989

1990 to 

1999

2000 to 

2009

2010 to 

2015

2016 to 

2020

All homes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.84 3.44

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC5.3 Lighting in U.S. homes, by year of construction, 2020

RSEs for number of housing units

Year of construction

Preliminary data release date: March 2022 

Final data release date: March 2023

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: See RECS Terminology for definition of terms used in these tables.

a Total U.S. includes all primary occupied housing units in the 50 States and the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and 

group quarters are excluded.