Released: August 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

Table 2.4 Number of Establishments by Nonfuel (Feedstock) Use of Combustible Energy, 2018;

Level: National Data;

Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Energy Sources;

Unit: Establishment Counts.

NAICS Code(a) Subsector and Industry

Any Combustible

Energy Source(b)

Residual Fuel

Oil

Distillate Fuel

Oil(c)

Natural

Gas(d)

HGL (excludi

natural gasoline)

Total United States

311 Food 642 0 47 351 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 23 0 5 5 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 5 0 D 0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 5 0 D D 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Q 0 D 7 

3115 Dairy Product 72 0 0 D 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 73 0 6 Q 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 131 0 3 41 

3121 Beverages 129 0 3 D 3122 Tobacco 3 0 0 D 

313 Textile Mills 24 0 Q D 

314 Textile Product Mills 0 0 0 0 

315 Apparel Q 0 0D 

316 Leather and Allied Products 4 0 0 4 

321 Wood Products 376 D 65 108 1

321113 Sawmills 83 Q 26 D 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 13 D 5 D 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products D D D 0 

3219 Other Wood Products 263 0 Q 101 

322 Paper 170 0 12 130 

322110 Pulp Mills D 0 0 0 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 10 0 D D 

322122 Newsprint Mills D 0 0 0 322130 Paperboard Mills 10 0 D D 

323 Printing and Related Support Q 0 0 Q 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 1,089 D 13 28 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0 0 0 0 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 936 D D D 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 115 D 0 0 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products Q 0 0 3 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 21 0 D D 

325 Chemicals 815 12 90 237 2

325110 Petrochemicals 25 0 D 3 

325120 Industrial Gases 56 0 0 24 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 96 12 5 38 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 16 0 0 6 
325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 11 0 0 D 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 136 0 Q 73 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 77 0 D 9 325212 Synthetic Rubber 10 0 0 D 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 3 0 0 D 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 100 0 71 28 325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 6 0 0 6 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 52 0 3 Q 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation Q 0 D Q 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 3 0 0 D 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 420 0 Q 265 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 792 0 161 146 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 20 0 4 Q 

327211 Flat Glass 9 0 0 D 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware D 0 0 0 

327213 Glass Containers D 0 0 0 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 71 0 D 17 

327310 Cements Q 0 0 Q 

327410 Lime D 0 0 D 

327420 Gypsum 4 0 0 D 

327993 Mineral Wool 6 0 D D 

331 Primary Metals 386 0 11 105 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 75 0 D 14 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 87 0 4 13 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 36 0 D 10 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 8 0 0 3 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 10 0 D 4 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 14 0 D 3 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 61 0 0 14 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 11 0 0 7 

3315 Foundries 127 0 3 53 

331511 Iron Foundries 32 0 D 11 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 25 0 0 D 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 31 0 D 16 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 2,467 0 Q 616 7

333 Machinery 1,174 0 Q 591 3334 Computer and Electronic Products 265 0 D Q 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 72 0 D Q 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 111 0 0 0 

336 Transportation Equipment 600 0 74 190 

336111 Automobiles 7 0 0 0 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 5 0 D D 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 32 0 D 14 

336411 Aircraft D 0 0 0 

337 Furniture and Related Products Q 0 0 Q 

339 Miscellaneous 557 0 D 362 

Total 10,384 25 1,066 3,568 1,9

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
(b) Any Combustible Energy Source represents the non‐duplicative total of establishments identified with any of the listed energy sources. This count includes only 

reported this activity in 2018.

(c) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.

(d) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, gas broker

subsidiaries of utilities.

(e) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐butane mixtures, a

refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).

(f) Other includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to pro

feedstock/raw material inputs.

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

NA=Not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The derived estimates presented in this table are for the first use (formerly pr

for heat and power and as feedstocks or raw material inputs. First use is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originally produced offsite or was produ

not classified as energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; wood chips, bark, 

purchased as a raw material input; and waste materials, such as wastepaper and packing materials. First use excludes quantities of energy that are produced from o

therefore, avoids double counting.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption S

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applie

260).
Released: August 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

RSE Table 2.4 Relative Standard Errors for Table 2.4;

Unit: Percents.

NAICS Code(a) Subsector and Industry

Any Combustible

Energy Source(b)

Residual Fuel

Oil

Distillate Fuel

Oil(c)

Natural

Gas(d)

HGL (excluding

natural gasoline)(e) Coal

Coke and

Breeze 

Total United States

311 Food 11.5 X 10.8 26.5 65.6 D X 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 2.9 X 1.8 8.5 X X X 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 X D X X X X 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 X D D X D X 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 61.0 X D 44.6 X X X 

3115 Dairy Product 40.5 X X D D X X 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 41.2 X 26.7 53.2 X X X 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 21.2 X 0.0 32.3 66.9 X X 

3121 Beverages 40.3 X 0.0 D 66.9 X X 

3122 Tobacco 0.0 X X D X X X 

313 Textile Mills 33.1 X 83.0 D 49.4 X X 314 Textile Product Mills X X X X X X X 

315 Apparel 75.5 X X D 99.5 X X 316 Leather and Allied Products 35.5 X X 35.5 X X X 321 Wood Products 18.9 D 13.5 36.4 43.4 X X 

321113 Sawmills 20.8 84.0 30.5 D D X X 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 12.6 D 18.8 D X X X 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products D D D X X X X 

3219 Other Wood Products 28.7 X 93.0 46.8 D X X 

322 Paper 8.8 X 11.2 41.2 14.2 D X 

322110 Pulp Mills D X X X XX X 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 X D D X D X 

322122 Newsprint Mills D X X X X X X 

322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 X D D D X X 

323 Printing and Related Support 57.5 X X 64.7 0.0 X X 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 5.9 D 5.2 20.7 31.3 0.0 X 

324110 Petroleum Refineries X X X X X X X 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 4.5 D D D 56.0 X X 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 12.4 D X X X X X 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 59.8 X X 36.6 37.5 X X 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 X D D X 0.0 X 

325 Chemicals 7.3 17.8 42.6 13.2 6.9 8.0 X 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 X D 0.0 0.0 X X 

325120 Industrial Gases 46.3 X X 20.2 D X X 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 23.4 17.8 9.4 35.2 9.4 D X 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 15.0 X X 25.1 D X X 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 X X D D 0.0 X 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 14.8 X 60.6 25.9 28.1 D X 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 23.6 X D 23.7 13.7 X X 

325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 X X D 0.0 X X 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 X X D X X X 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 21.9 X 47.8 46.9 D X X 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0.0 X X 0.0 X X X 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 41.9 X 7.7 57.3 X X X 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 54.9 X D 56.8 X X X 
325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 18.8 X X D X X X 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 35.1 X 98.7 46.5 57.7 X X 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 17.0 X 29.5 38.6 68.1 D X 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 32.7 X 8.6 61.0 X X X 

327211 Flat Glass 0.0 X X D X D X 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware D X X X D X X 

327213 Glass Containers D X X X X X X 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 44.4 X D 30.7 D X X 

327310 Cements 54.5 X X 57.7 X X X 

327410 Lime D X X D XX X 

327420 Gypsum 15.0 X X D X X X 

327993 Mineral Wool 28.8 X D D D X X 

331 Primary Metals 5.7 X 4.4 10.7 19.9 4.3 59.1 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 X D 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 17.7 X 10.0 32.0 58.1 D X 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 4.7 X D 7.0 4.1 X X 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 23.3 X X 22.7 D X X 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 X D 0.0 D X X 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 12.0 X D 13.6 X X X 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 18.4 X X 35.9 43.9 18.0 59.1 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 31.1 X X 41.9 X 18.0 X 

3315 Foundries 14.7 X 27.9 19.3 38.6 D X 

331511 Iron Foundries 29.0 X D 17.5 D D X 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 43.3 X X D D X X 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 23.1 X D 41.2 26.6 X X 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 23.1 X 57.2 47.6 44.4 X X 

333 Machinery 22.5 X 94.9 32.4 45.3 X X 334 Computer and Electronic Products 32.2 X D 75.3 X X X 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 36.1 X D 94.5 X X X 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 39.1 X X X X X X 

336 Transportation Equipment 9.9 X 39.1 28.1 12.4 X X 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 X X X 0.0 X X 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 X D D X X X 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 15.3 X D 21.8 9.7 X X 

336411 Aircraft D X X X XX X 

337 Furniture and Related Products 77.1 X X 83.0 X X X 

339 Miscellaneous 38.6 X D 48.9 88.4 X X 

Total 3.4 10.8 26.8 8.5 7.1 2.7 59.1 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) Any Combustible Energy Source represents the non‐duplicative total of establishments identified with any of the listed energy sources. This count includes only those establishments that 

this activity in 2018.

(c) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.

(d) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, gas brokers, marketers, and any marke

subsidiaries of utilities.

(e) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐butane mixtures, and isobutane produced at r

natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).

(f) Other includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to produce heat and power or as

feedstock/raw material inputs.

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a data table value of zero.

NA=Not available.Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The derived estimates presented in this table are for the first use (formerly primary consumption) of ener

and power and as feedstocks or raw material inputs. First use is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not 

energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; wood chips, bark, and wood waste from wood purchased as a 

material input; and waste materials, such as wastepaper and packing materials. First use excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other energy inputs and, therefore, avoids double 

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.
The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20