IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT NASHVILLE

Assigned on Briefs December 20, 2016

ROBERT EMILIO CISNEROS v. LINDSEY DIANNA MILLER, ET AL.

Appeal from the Circuit Court for Lincoln County

No. C1100098 Franklin L. Russell, Judge

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No. M2016-02426-COA-T10B-CV

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This is an accelerated interlocutory appeal as of right from the denial of a motion for recusal.

Because the petition for recusal appeal fails to comply with Tennessee Supreme Court 

Rule 10B, we dismiss the appeal. 

Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 10B Accelerated Interlocutory Appeal; Appeal Dismissed

W. NEAL MCBRAYER,J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOHN W. MCCLARTY

and BRANDON O. GIBSON, JJ., joined.

Robert Emilio Cisneros, Hazel Green, Alabama, pro se appellant.

Glen A. Isbell, Winchester, Tennessee, for the appellee, Lindsey Dianna Miller.

Jonathan C. Brown, Fayetteville, Tennessee, for the appellee, Valerie Miller.

OPINION

I.

Robert Emilio Cisneros (“Father”) and Lindsay Dianna Miller (“Mother”) are the 

parents of two minor children. See Cisneros v. Cisneros, No. M2013-00213-COA-R3-CV, 

2015 WL 7720274, at *1 (Tenn. Ct. App. Nov. 25, 2015). On December 12, 2012, the 

Circuit Court for Lincoln County, Tennessee, entered an order divorcing Father and Mother. 

Id. at *4. The court also named Mother the primary residential parent. Id. at *2. 

Shortly thereafter, Father filed petitions to modify child support and custody, and 

Mother filed a petition for contempt based on Father’s failure to pay child support. Id. 

01/06/2017
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Mother’s petition resulted in Father being jailed for a time until he paid his child support 

arrearage. Id. On Father’s petitions, “the trial court ruled that Mother should remain the 

primary residential parent, established a permanent injunction prohibiting Father from 

having contact with Mother, imputed income to Father, and awarded Mother attorney’s 

fees.” Id. at *7. 

Father appealed from the judgments entered in connection with the divorce and the 

initial round of post-divorce litigation. Id. at *2-3. We consolidated the appeals, referring 

to the divorce as the “first case” and the initial round of post-divorce litigation as the “second 

case.” Id. at *4. One of the issues raised by Father with respect to the first case was that the 

trial judge was biased against him. Id. However, we concluded that Father had waived the 

issue because he had not filed a motion for recusal in the trial court. Id. at *5. 

The post-divorce litigation between Father and Mother continued, and in what he 

describes as the third case, Father filed a motion for recusal of the same judge who heard the 

first and second “cases.” On December 2, 2016, the trial court entered an “order dismissing 

motion to recuse” and a memorandum opinion. From this order, Father seeks an accelerated 

interlocutory appeal.

II.

Rule 10B of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Tennessee governs the procedure for 

“determin[ing] whether a judge should preside over a case.” Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 10B. Section 

2 of that rule governs appeals from a trial court’s denial of a motion for disqualification or 

recusal. The unsuccessful movant can either seek “an accelerated interlocutory appeal as of 

right . . . or the ruling can be raised as an issue in an appeal as of right . . . following the entry 

of the trial court’s judgment.” Id. § 2.01. These are “the exclusive methods for seeking 

appellate review.” Id. 

An accelerated interlocutory appeal as of right is initiated by the filing of “a petition 

for recusal appeal.” Id. § 2.02. Rule 10B specifies that the petition for recusal appeal must 

contain certain elements and be accompanied by certain documentation to facilitate appellate 

review, which we are required to carry out “on an expedited basis.” Id. § 2.06. Specifically,

[t]he petition for recusal appeal shall contain:

(a) A statement of the issues presented for review;

(b) A statement of the facts, setting forth the facts relevant to the issues 

presented for review;

(c) An argument, setting forth the contentions of the appellant with respect to 

the issues presented, and the reasons therefor, including the reasons why the 
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contentions require appellate relief, with citations to the authorities; and

(d) A short conclusion, stating the precise relief sought.

The petition shall be accompanied by a copy of the motion and all supporting 

documents filed in the trial court, a copy of the trial court’s order or opinion 

ruling on the motion, and a copy of any other parts of the trial court record 

necessary for determination of the appeal.

Id. § 2.03. We have previously stressed “that the accelerated nature of these interlocutory 

appeals as of right requires meticulous compliance with the provisions of Rule 10B 

regarding the content of the record provided to this Court.” Johnston v. Johnston, No. 

E2015-00213-COA-T10B-CV, 2015 WL 739606, at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App. Feb. 20, 2015).

Father’s petition for recusal appeal does not include a copy of the motion for recusal 

filed in the trial court. The petition does include a statement of the issues and an argument 

section that detail “examples” or facts that Father describes as being included in the motion 

for recusal filed in the trial court. But we have no means to confirm this absent a copy of the 

motion for recusal. According to Father, the trial court’s “order dismissing motion to 

recuse” addresses “only several of the 22 examples in the Rule 10B recusal motion . . . .” 

Father also exhibited to his petition for recusal appeal various court orders and excerpts from 

transcripts, which purportedly support the facts included in the motion.1 But we have no

means to confirm that these exhibits were filed with the trial court.

We recognize that Father is not represented by counsel. Although we “should take 

into account that many pro se litigants have no legal training and little familiarity with the 

judicial system,” we “must not excuse pro se litigants from complying with the same 

substantive and procedural rules that represented parties are expected to observe.” Hessmer 

v. Hessmer, 138 S.W.3d 901, 903 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003). In this instance, unlike some 

others presented to us,2 we cannot excuse Father’s failure to comply with Rule 10B’s 

requirement that he supply a copy of the motion for recusal filed with the trial court. The 

motion’s absence renders a de novo review of the trial court’s decision unfeasible. 

Because the petition for recusal appeal is not accompanied by the motion for recusal 

filed in the trial court, we dismiss the appeal.

 

1

Father states in the petition for recusal appeal that the grounds for his “Rule 10B Motion involve[d] 

the third case and occurred during the May 31, 2016 hearing.” However, exhibited to his petition are 

excerpts from at least two different transcripts, one produced from a hearing held on November 30, 2016. 

2

See, e.g., Watson v. City of Jackson, 448 S.W.3d 919, 928 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2014) (excusing a pro se 

appellant’s failure to include in her petition for recusal appeal a copy of the order denying the recusal motion).
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W. NEAL MCBRAYER, JUDGE