# EAGLE FLIGHT CENT **RE**

**INSTRUMENT SYLLA BUS** 

**PA RT 61** 

**Rev. 2**  **- 14**  **- 2012**  **© Eagle Flight Cent re**  **, 2008 -**  **20 12** INSTRUMENT PART 61 1 **PREFACE** This Instrument S yl labus is designed for use by Eagle Flight Instructors to prepare pilots for their Instrument Airplane Rating. The FAA requires at least 50 hours of cross - country flight as Pilot in Command (PI C) for the Instrument Airplane R ating. The Eagle Flight Centre provides a structured program for completing this FAA requirement. During your Private training you we re required to complete five hours of PI C cross - country

time. This Syllabus contains approximately 18 hours of PI C cross - country time. That leaves a remainder of 27 hours of fl yi ng time to achieve before your Instrument R ating may be completed. The prin ciple of the Cross - Country program is to provide meaningful VFR cross - country tasks and timeframes . The specific destinations and airway s are designed to provide a brea dth of experience to help you understand the National Airspace and Air Traffic Control Sy stems . After being certified for your Private, two VFR cross - country flights as Pilot in Command are prerequisite to starting this c ourse. In addition , there will be other cross - country prerequisites for specific lessons in this s yllabus. Please refer to the Eagle Flight VFR Cross - Country Program Guide for further d etails.INSTRUMENT PART 61 2

**THE PROCESS OF INSTRUMENT FLYING**  **- INTRODUCTION**  H ow we successfully achieve instrument flight has been evolving away from just being an "art form." The current thrust is toward more structured processes as airspace and technology mature. No longer are we able to execute high quality instrument flight using freeform methods. The thesis of this introduction is the concept of applying structured process techniques while flying in struments. The analogy I like to use is; Instrument F light is like a cookie factory. If you put all the right ingredients in the cookie dough at the right time and cook it at the right temperature for the right time, you end up with really good cookies. If you leave anything out, you get really bad cookies! Repeatable steps, which have been demonstrated to work consistently, make instrument flight easier and safer. Following those steps each and every time results in high quality performance. The mos t common faults I see on practical tests and proficiency checks are related to leaving out (forgetting) process steps. There are solid concepts behind the titles Terminal Procedures (approach plates), Standard Departure Procedures, Obstacle Departure Proc edures and Standard Terminal Arrival Procedures. Airline and Part 135 operators are required to have Standard Operating Procedures. The whole concept of Total Quality Management started to evolve in the United States a number of years ago. Dr. W. Edward s Deming introduced these methods in other countries that were competing with us in manufacturing. With time, U . S . industry learned this concept; the key to having successful quality products evolves from understanding and improving process steps. The same is true for instrument flight. The concept of continuous process improvement is a key contributor to our being proficient. If new steps are learned, they should be evaluated and incorporated (as long as they contribute to safety first or ease of flight) . Process steps are not meant to be stagnant , but should evolve as learning continues. Itm ust be emphasized that there is not just one set of good process steps. Many varieties exist which describe viable and correct techniques. The more important i dea is that each one of us should have a set of processes that work for us individually. These steps should become a part of our flying "fiber." Now the question arises; "Should you ever deviate from your process?" The answer is a definite YES! If your normal environment changes (for example, an equipment failure), then you may deviate from your normal process. When this happens, a conscious effort must be made to evaluate the best action path. However, having an engrained normal process in mind will help you through the possible rough spots. There are many processes in instrument flying. The most fundamental is having a good instrument scan. You need a scan that is regular, repeatable and not random like the often taught hub and spoke method. The key is to f requently scan the specific instruments that are critical for the mode of flight being used . Other processes include: Recovering from Unusual Attitudes, Intercepting and Tracking Courses, Holding Procedures, "Six Ts", " Missed Approach ", Timed Turns, Approach Briefing, IFR Flight Planning, Use of Checklists, etc. Process steps for each of these will enhance your safety and comfort while flying IFR. Another consideration of striving for excellence in IFR flight is to debrief yourself after each flight. Make an honest assessment of how well you did against the standards and your existing processes. Constantly strive for process improvement, but most importantly: "Have a Process." Do not "wing it" during IFR. Bill Lewis, MCFI, DPEINSTRUMENT PART 61 3 **COURSE OUTL INE**  **LESSON 1 -**  **Basic A ttitude Instrument Fly**  **ing -**  **Session 1 -**  **FTD LESSON 2**  **- Basic A**  **ttitude Instrument Fly ing**  **- Session 2**  **- FTD**  **LESSON 3 -**  **Basic A ttitude Instrument Fly**  **ing -**  **Session 3 -**  **Ai rplane**  **LESSON 4**  **- Basic A**  **ttitude Instrument and Part ial Panel Fly**  **ing -**  **FTD LESSON 5**  **- Basic A**  **ttitude Instrument and Partial Panel Fly ing**  **- Ai**  **rplane LESSON**  **6 -**  **Performance and Unusual A ttitude Instrument Fly**  **ing -**  **Ai rplane**  **LESSON 7**  **- VOR Procedures**  **- FTD**  **LESSON 8**  **- VOR Procedures**  **- Ai**  **rplane L**  **ESSON 9 -**  **NDB Procedures and**  **6 Pack Instruments -**  **PCA TD**  **LESSON 10**  **- Holding Procedures**  **- FTD**  **LESSON 11**  **- Holding Procedures**  **- Ai**  **rplane LESSON 12**  **- Charts, A**  **ir way** **s, N avigation**  **Facilities LESSON 13**  **- Stage Check**  **– Ai**  **rplane LESSON**  **1 4**  **- Non**  **- P**  **recis ion**  **A pproach Procedures**  **- FTD**  **LESSON 1 5**  **- Non**  **- Pr** **ecision A**  **pproach Procedures -**  **Ai rplane**  **LESSON 1**  **6 -**  **Precision A pproach Procedures**  **- FT**  **D LESSON 1**  **7 -**  **Precision A pproach Procedures**  **- Ai**  **rplane LESSON**  **1 8**  **- Timed Turns, Compass Turns and DME A**  **RC Procedu res**  **- FTD**  **LESSON 1 9**  **- Timed Turns, Compass Turns and DME A**  **RC Procedures -**  **Ai r**  **plane LESSON**  **20 -**  **IFR Cross -**  **Country Introduction**  **- Ai**  **rplane LESSON**  **2 1**  **- IFR Cross**  **- Country**  **Skill Development -**  **Ai rplane**  **LESSON 2**  **2 -**  **IFR Cross -**  **Country Skill Development Cont**  **inued -**  **Ai rplane**  **LESSON 2**  **3 -**  **AS R/No**  **- Gy**  **ro Ap**  **proach Procedures -**  **Ai rplane**  **LESSON 2**  **4 -**  **Ap proach Skill Practice**  **- Ai**  **rplane LESSON**  **2 5**  **- Long Dual Cross**  **- C**  **ountry Flight**  **- Ai**  **rplane LESSON**  **2 6**  **- Final**  **Stage Check**  **- Ai**  **rplane**INSTRUMENT PART 61 4 **LESSON 1 -**  **Basic Attitude Instrum ent Flying**  **- Session 1**  **- FTD**  **OBJECTIVE:** To familiarize the student with the flight instruments; how changes in attitude

and power affect the instruments , the instrument scan, trimming , h ands - o ff, s traight - and - l evel flight and i ntroduction to turns. **PREST UDY:**  Read: Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 3 In strument Fl yi ng Handbook, Chapter 4, Section II , with special attention to pp . 4 - 23 through 4 - 28 **ELEMENTS:** Discuss In strument Fl yi ng as a P rocess

Introduce the F ollowing Instruments: Attitude Indicator, Heading Indicator, Turn Coordinator Altimeter, Airspeed Indicator, Vertical Speed Indicator RPM/Manifold Pressure Indicator Attitude Indicator and Power Indicators Primary and Supporting Instrument Selected Radial Cro ss - C heck (see IFH p p. 4 - 24) Standby Instrument Cross - C heck Straight - and - Level Flight Standard Rate Turns Power and Pitch **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0.5 hours

FTD Instruction 1 hour Debrief 0.5 hours **EQUIPMENT:** Flight Training Device

Spiral n otebook and 3 - ring binder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach student through maneuvers Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Perform required maneuvers **COMPLETION** The lesson will be successfully completed when the student understands the function and operation of the six flight instruments and power instruments. The student underst ands that "Attitude + Power = Performance", and is able to maintain strai ght - and - level flight using the s elected r adial c ross - c heck process.INSTRUMENT PART 61 5

**NOTES**

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**LESSON 2 -**  **Basic Attitude Instrument Fly ing**  **- S**  **ession 2 -**  **FTD OBJECTIVE:**  To develop the student's skill in the performance of the four basic flight

maneuvers (climbs, descents, turns, and straight - and - level flight) while under simulated instrument flight rules ( IFR) . **PRESTUDY:** Review: Instr ument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 3 Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, Chapter 4, Section II **ELEMENTS:** R eview of the Selected Radial Cross - C heck Scan

Power Settings, Airspeeds and Attitudes - Power Card for the FTD Straight - and - Level, Cru ise and Approach Airspeeds Required B ank Angle for S tandard R ate T urns Constant Rate Turns, Cruise and Approach Airspeeds Setting P ower for Climbs and Descents Climbs and Descents, Constant Rate Climbs and Descents, Constant Airspeed Pattern B **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0.5 hours

FTD Instruction 1 hour Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** Flight Training Device

Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach student through maneuvers Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Perform required maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed wh en the student can execute **STANDARDS** straight - and - level flight, climbs, descents at 500 feet per minute ±50 feet per

minute , and standard rate turns ±10%. **NOTES**

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# .......					A	few	words	about	the	Power **C ard:**  Please recognize that the power cards you fill out for the Simulator/FTD/Airplane are not absolute settings. The settings merely represent a starting point for ty pical conditions of flight. The concept revolves around the concept that PI TCH + POWER = PERFORMANCE. We all know that changes in Temperature, Altitude, Humidity (Density Altitude), aircraft loading, and center of gravity

will require slight modifications of the required pitch and power to maintain the chosen mode of flight. Also each aircraft of the same type ma y perform slightly differently due to age, condition and rigging. Also increasing the fl ap settings will significantly change the required settings So, in using the card, constantly be aware that you may

have to set the power and pitch somewhat differentl y than what your power card specifies. 

# The **settings	on	the Power	Card**  **are just	initial**  **Target s**  **! AIRCRAFT ________________________**   **H. William Lewis 2002 MP**  **RPM PITCH A/S VSI**  **CLIMB**

**_____ _____**  **_____ _____**  **_____ CRUISE** 

**_____ _____**  **_____ _____**  **_____ CRUISE DESCENT** 

**_____ _____**  **_____ _____**  **_____ APPROACH** 

**_____ _____**  **_____ _____**  **_____ APPR. DESCENT** 

**__ ___**  **_____ _____**  **_____ _____**  **FAST DESCENT**

**_____ _____**  **_____ _____**  **_____**INSTRUMENT PART 61 7 **090 DESCEND**  **3 000** 

**270 DESCEND**  **3 000** **1 8** **0 C** **L I** **M B** **4 0** **0 0** **3 6** **0 C** **L I** **M B** **4 0** **0 0** 

**START 3000** 

### PATTERN BINSTRUMENT PART 61 8 **LESSON 3 -**  **Basic Attitude Instrument Flying -**  **Session 3**  **- Airplane**  **OBJECTIVE:** To further develop the student's skill in the performance of the four basic flight

maneuvers (c limbs, descents, turns, and straight - and - level flight) while under simulated IFR in the a irplane. **PRESTUDY:** Review: Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 3 Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, Chapter 4, Section II , with s pecial attention to pp 4 - 23 through 4 - 28 **ELEMENTS:** R eview of the Selected Radial Cross - C heck

Power Settings, Airspeeds and Attitudes - Power Card for 172 SP Straight - and - Level, Cruise and Approach Airspeeds Constant Rate Turns, Cruise and Approach Airspeeds Climbs and Des cents, Constant Rate Climbs and Descents, Constant Airspeed Pattern B **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0. 3 hours

Airplane Instruction 1 hour Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** CE 172S - G1000 Aircraft

Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Instrument Fl yi ng Hand

book, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach student through maneuvers Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questi ons

Perform required maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can execute **STANDARDS** straight - and - level flight, climbs, descents at 500 feet per minute ±50 feet per

minute , and standard rate turns ±10%. **NOTES**

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_______________________________________________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 9 **LESSON 4**  **- Basic Attitude Instrument and Partial Panel Flying**  **- FT**  **D OBJECTIVE:**  To develop the student's skill in the performance of c onstant v ertical s peed

c limbs and d escents , c limbing and d escending turns with i ntermediate l evel - o ffs and r ollouts , b asic c oordination m aneuvers , p rimary f light d isplay ( PFD ) f ailure , and p artial p anel f lying. **PRESTUDY:** Review: Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, Chapter 4, pp . 4 - 23 through 4 - 28 **ELEMENTS:** R eview of the Selected Radial Cross - C heck S can - Pattern B

100 f ee t Step Climbs and Descents Vertical S Constant Rate Turns in Climb and Descent PFD Failure - Straight - and - Level and Turns Compass and Timed Turns PFD Indicator Failure - Climbs and Descents Autopilot Introduction, ROL , HDG, ALT, VS **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0.5 hours

FTD Instruction 1 hour Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** Flight Training Device

Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above task s Coach s tudent through maneuvers Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Perform required maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can execute **STANDARDS:** straight - and - level flight, climbs, de scents at 500 feet per minute ±50 feet per

minute , and standard rate turns ±10%. **NOTES**

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______________________________________ _________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 10 **LESSON 5 -**  **Basic Attitude Instrument and Partial Panel Flying -**  **Airplane OBJECTIVE:**  To develop the student's skill in the performance of c onstant v ertical s peed

c limbs and d escents; c limbing and d escending turns with i ntermed iate l evel - o ffs and r ollouts; b asic c oordination m aneuvers; p rimary f light d isplay ( PFD ) , f ailure, and p artial p anel f lying in the a irplane. **PRESTUDY:** Review: Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, Chapter 4, pp . 4 - 23 through 4 - 28 **ELEMENTS:** R eview of the Selecte d Radial Cross - C heck Scan

100 F eet Step Climbs and Descents Vertical S Constant Rate Turns in Climb and Descent PFD Failure - Straight - and - Level and Turns PFD Failure - Climbs and Descents Autopilot Introduction, ROL, HDG, ALT, VS **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0. 3 hours

Airplane Instruction 1 hour Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** CE 172S - G1000 Aircraft

Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **A CTION:**  Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach s tudent through maneuvers Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Perform required maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can execute **STANDARDS:** straight - and - level flight, climbs, descents at 500 feet per minute ±50 feet per

minute , and standard rate turns ±10%. **NOTES**

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_____________________________ __________________________________

_______________________________________________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 11 **LESSON 6**  **- Performance and Unusual Attitude Instrument Flying**  **- Airplane**  **OBJECTIVE:** To develop the student's skill in the performance of s teep turns, s t all recoveries,

and recovery

from unusual attitudes including recovery from high speed spirals with and without the primary flight display (PFD) . **PRESTUDY:** Read: Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chaper 5, pp. 5 - 26

through 5 - 30, para graphs on Unusual Attitudes and R ecoveries " T he P rocess of R ecovery from Unusual Attitudes" b y B ill L ewis **ELEMENTS :**  Review :

Selected Radial Cross - C heck Scan Steep T urns Recoveries from Unusual Attitudes with the Primary Flight Display : Power - Off Sta ll Recovery Power - On Stall Recovery Steep Climbing Turn Recovery High Speed Spiral Dive Recovery Recoveries from Unusual Attitudes without the Primary Flight Display : Power - Off Stall Recovery Power - On Stall Recovery Steep Climbing Turn Recovery High Speed Spiral Dive Recovery **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0. 3 hours

Airplane Instruction 1 hour Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** CE 172S - G1000 Aircraft

Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objecti ves and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach student through maneuvers Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Perform required maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he lesson wi ll be successfully completed when the student can execute b asic **STANDARDS:** attitude f lying to the Instrument Airplane Practical Test Standards and can recover from unusual attitudes safel y using the FAA recommended procedures. **NOTES**

______________________ __________________________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 12 **THE PROCESS OF RECOVERING FROM UNUSUAL ATTITUDES** An unusual attitude may be caused by turbulence, improper control pressures, inattention, failure of the trim system/autopilot , or often, a pilot following an atti tude indicator that is in the process of failing. Severe unusual attitudes may exceed the limits of the attitude indicator. It is therefore important to practice recoveries using partial panel technique and to not trust the attitude indicator , as it may have tumbled or is inaccurate. If an unusual attitude is suspected, always look at the airspeed indicator first. There are two ty

pes of unusual attitudes: nose high and nose low . The most frequent unusual attitude is the descending turn. Because of th e bank, a steep dive will tend to develop and airspeed can rapidly build to dangerous levels. If the turn exceeds medium bank , it will tend to continue rolling steeper, accelerating the spiral dive and increasing the chances of exceeding the design load f actor of the aircraft. In a spiral dive ("Graveyard Spiral"), the airspeed will be high and increasing , and the turn coordinator will be pegged in the direction of the turn. For **HIGH AIRSPEED** spiral dives, the steps to recover, **in the proper sequence** , ar e: 1. **REDUCE POWER** to eliminate the accelerating thrust of the engine. Also, the wind - milling propeller will produce some additional drag. 2. **LEVEL THE WINGS** . Do not attempt to raise the nose while the airplane is banked. This would tighten the spiral and increase the stress on the airframe. **PAUSE** , do not rush the next step. 3. **RAISE THE NOSE** . At high airspeeds, strong control pressure is unnecessary. The nose will tend to rise and without a direct indication of pitc h attitude it is easy to over - control. There is a danger o f causing a high pitch attitude and a near stall condition. Level flight is reached when altitude stops decreasing. If it starts to increase, the airplane is climbing and you should dampe n this tendency with light forw ard pressure. Unless the trim system or autopilot fails, dangerous nose high unusual attitudes are uncommon in general aviation aircraft. If the airplane gets into an inadvertent climb, airspeed will bleed off and the nose will drop. If it is banked, a spiral dive may develop. How ever, severe turbulence, inattention, or poor technique may cause an inadvertent climb, indicated by low and decreasing airspeed. For **LOW SPEED** turning climbs, the steps for recovery, **in the prop er sequence**  , are: 1. **APPLY POWER** to increase airspeed and avoid the stall. 2. **NEUTRALIZE THE AILERONS** . Do not try to bank out of the turn yet! 3. **LOWER THE NOSE** to increase airspeed and avoid the stall. Level flight is reached when the altitude stops increasing. **PAUSE** , do not rush the next step. 4. **LEVEL THE WINGS** . Leveling the wings prematurely could result in a spin, due to the greater angle of attack of the aileron on the low w ing. In unusual attitude recoveries, as in all partial panel work, emphasize light control pressures and rapid instrument scan. The greatest danger is in over - controlling and creating another unusual attitude during the recovery. For additional reading on this subject , consult the Instrument Flying Handbook FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 5, pp. 5 - 26 through 5 - 30.  2002 H. William Lewis, used with permission of the author.INSTRUMENT PART 61 13 

## UNUSUAL ATTITUDES **In 3 Words Low Airspeed (Nose High)**  **Power PUSH**  **Pitch PUSH**  **Bank ROLL**  **High Airspeed (Nose Low) Power**  **PULL Bank**  **ROLL Pitch**  **PULL**INSTRUMENT PART 61 14 **LESSON 7**  **- VOR Procedures**  **- FTD**  **OBJECTIVE:** To develop the student's skill in VOR o rientation , VOR i ntercepts , VOR

tracking , and further development of the instrument scan . **PRESTUDY:** Read: Instrument Fl yi ng Handbo ok, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 7, pp. 7 - 8

through 7 - 16 , paragraphs on VORs **ELEMENTS:** V OR Orientation

V OR Intercepts V OR Tracking Tracking Radials Inbound and Outbound at L itchfield VOR ( LFD ) **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0.5 hours

FTD Instruction 1.2 h our s Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** Flight Training Device

Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interacti vely

discuss the above tasks Coach student through maneuvers Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Perform required maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can execute **STANDARDS:** straight - and - level flight ±100 f ee t and standard rate turns ±10% while intercepting and tracking VOR radials. **NOTES**

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### The Process of Intercepting and Tracking VORs Intercepting and tracking VOR radials is not a complex process, however, it can sometimes be confusing. Man y instructors teach techniques to mentally add or subtract 180 degrees to obtain reciprocal headings. The following process eliminates the requirement to do any math in the cockpit for this purpose, and results in better positional awareness and fewer errors. 1. **TUNE** - T une in the appropriate VOR. 2 . **IDENTIFY -**  Identify the VOR station to assure that you have the correct navigation al aid selected and that it is not in a test mode. 3. **VISUALIZE** - Mentally visualize your airplane right on top of the VOR that you are using. Mentally visualize that the airplane is pointed in the proper direction for the airway you want to intercept and track. Decide if the radial is on the nose or tail of your phantom airplane. 4. **TWIST** - Twist your Omni Bearing Selector (OBS) such that you put the radial either on the nose or the tail of the OBS card as visualized in step three above. 5. **TURN -**  Turn the airplane to a heading that corresponds to the number that is now on the top of the OBS card (the Course Index) . You are now flyingparallel to the radial in the correct direction. 6. **TURN** - If the course deviation needle is pinned off scale, turn it 45 degrees toward the needle and intercept the radial. For smaller needle deviations, a smaller intercept angle may be used. 7. **TRACK** - Track the radial inb ound or outbound using appropriate wind correction. Step s number three and four are the key s to not having to compute reciprocal courses. The OBS card is doing the work for you.  2002 H. William Lewis, used with permission of the author.INSTRUMENT PART 61 16 **LESSON 8**  **- VOR Procedures**  **- Airplane**  **OBJECTIVE:** To develop the student's skill in VOR o rientation , VOR i ntercepts , and VOR

tracking in the a irplane. **PRESTUDY:** Review : Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 7, pp. 7 - 8

through 7 - 16 , p aragraphs o n VORs **ELEMENTS:** V OR Orientation

V OR Intercepts V OR Tracking Tracking Radials Inbound and Outbound at L itchfield VOR ( LFD ) **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0. 3 hours

Airplane Instruction 1 hour Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** CE 172S - G1000 Aircraft

Spiral N otebook and 3 - R ing B inder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach student through maneuvers D ebrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Perform required maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can execute **STANDARDS:** straight and level flight ±100 f ee t and standard rate turns ±10% while intercepting and tracking VOR radials. **NOTES**

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________________________________________________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 17 **LESSON 9**  **– NDB**  **Procedures -**  **6 Pack Instruments –**  **PCATD OBJECTIVE:**  To develop the student's skill in b asic attitude i nstrument f lying using mechanical 6 p ack instruments. To develop the student's skill in nondirectional radio beacon (NDB ) o rientation , NDB i ntercept s , NDB tracking , and further development of the instrument scan . **PRESTUDY:** Read: Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 7, pp. 7 - 2

through 7 - 8 **ELEMENTS:** Six Pack Basic Attitude Instrument Flying

Straight - and - Level Level Turns Const ant Rate Climbs and Descents Constant Speed Climbs and Descents Pattern B Explanation of the ADF and NDB ADF Orientation ADF Intercepts ADF Tracking Tracking Bearings Inbound and Outbound at Howell (OZW) **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0.5 hours

P CAT D Instruction 1 hour Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** PCATD

Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interac tively

discuss the above tasks Coach student through maneuvers Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Perform required maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfull y completed when the student can execute **STANDARDS:** stra ight - and - level flight ±100 f ee t and standard rate turns ±10% while intercepting and tracking NDB b earings. **NOTES**

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__________________________________________________ ______________INSTRUMENT PART 61 18 **LESSON 1**  **0 -**  **Holding Procedures**  **- FTD**  **OBJECTIVE:** To develop the student's skill in h olding p atterns; u se of the s ix T checklist

and further development of the instrument scan . **PRESTUDY:** Read: Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 10, pp. 10 - 9

through 10 - 13 , paragraphs related to Holding Procedures **ELEMENTS:** Explanation of H olding P attern E ntries

Explanation of the Six T Checklist VOR H olding Intersection H olding Holding with H eadwinds, T ailwinds and Crossw inds **SCHEDUL E:**  Ground Instruction 1 hour

FTD Instruction 3.5 hour s - ( two sessions ) Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** Frasca Flight Training Device

Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook , FAA - H - 8083 - 15A Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectiv es and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach s tudent through maneuvers Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Perform required maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he lesson will b e successfully completed when the student can execute h olding p rocedure s using the recommended procedures in the AIM. **NOTES**

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### The Process of Holding Patterns Holding patterns are the nemesis of man y instrument pilots. Ihave known several instrument students who have given up on their training because of the difficult y of visualizing and executing the holds. The following process was taught to me by m y good friend, Captain Jim Eliason: 1. Alway s... **Always** write down the h olding c learance. Draw a circle around the holding radial (I call this the "Numbe r” ). Never accept a h olding c learance without being given an e xpect f urther c learance t ime. 2. Fly direct to the holding fix. 3. Mentally

overlay the appropriate diagram below over the Directional Gy ro. One picture is for right turns, the other for left turns. 4. Visually

determine where radial (the "Number") falls on the overlay . That will tell you what kind of entry

is required. (After some practice, you can identify the required holding entry in less than a second.)

5. Follow the Six T Rules that follow in order to execute the required hold. This sy stem requires you to memorize a few simple rules. However, it is much faster and more reliable than trying to sketch the holding pattern and muddling your way throu gh the procedure. If yo u follow the few simple rules, you will get it right every time!  2002 H. William Lewis, used with permission of the author.INSTRUMENT PART 61 20 

# SIX 

# T **s Turn**  **Time Twist**  **Throttle Track**  **Talk**

**SPECIAL NOTE: EVERY TIME YOU CROSS THE HOLDIN G FIX, ADD AN**  **ADDITIONAL T “ TIME**  **” TO THE BEGINNING OF THIS LIST: TIME, TURN, TIME TWIST, THROTTLE, TRACK, TALK.**  **AT THE VERY FIRST CROSSING, WRITE DOWN THE ZULU TIME ON THE CLOCK AS YOU WILL HAVE TO SUBSEQUENTLY REPORT THIS TO THE CONTROLLE**  **R. AT SUBSEQUENT CROSSINGS NOTE THE ELAPSED TIME ON THE TIMER. THIS**  **WILL BE THE TIME ELAPSED ON THE INBOUND LEG OF THE HOLD.**INSTRUMENT PART 61 21



# Holding Pattern Rule Matrix **DIRECT TEARDROP PARALLEL Turn**  Turn to the "Num ber" Turn so the "Number" is Turn to the "Number"

30 degrees off the nose 

### Time Start Timer Same Same 

### Twist "Num

ber" to Bottom of OBS Same Same 

### Throttle Check Setting for Approach AS Same Same 

### Track Check and correct your Heading Same Same 

### Talk Rep ort "In the Hold" Same Same 

### After one minute outbound: **Turn** Turn to the Inbound Heading Same Turn opposite direction to the Inbound Heading 

### Time Start Timer Same Same 

### Twist No No No 

### Throttle No No No 

### Track Intercept and Track the Same Same

Inb ound course 

### Talk No No No 

### As you cross the fix, note the time it took to go inbound. **You will adjust the next outbound l**  **eg in order to achieve 1 minute inbound on subsequent circuits.**  **Turn.... Time..... Twist.... Throttle.... Track..... Talk ... and around y**  **ou go!**  2002 H. William Lewis, used with permission of the author.INSTRUMENT PART 61 22



### Hold North of the JXN VOR on the 360o RadialINSTRUMENT PART 61 23



### Intersection Hold at ROSSIINSTRUMENT PART 61 24 **LESSON 1 1**  **- Holding**  **P rocedures**  **- Airplane**  **OBJECTIVE:** To develop the student's skill in h olding p atterns; u se of the s ix T checklist

and further development of the instrument scan . **PRESTUDY:** Review: Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 10, pp. 10 - 9

through 10 - 13 , p aragraphs r elated to H olding P rocedures **ELEMENTS:** VOR holding - SVM (talking to approach)

Direct, Teardrop and Parallel Intersection H olding - BROVI Holding with H eadwinds, T ailwinds and Crossw inds **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0.3 hours

Air plane Instruction 1 hour Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** CE 172S - G1000 Aircraft

Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook , FAA - H - 8083 - 15A Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions f rom Prestudy Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach Student through maneuvers Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Perform required maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can execute h olding p rocedure using the recommended procedures in the AIM. **NOTES**

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_____________________________________________________ ___________INSTRUMENT PART 61 25 **LESSON 12 -**  **Charts, Airways, Nav igation**  **Facilities OBJECTIVE:**  To develop the student's understanding of IFR Enroute Charts, Airway s and

Navigation Facilities **PRESTUDY:** Read: Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 8 , pp. 8 - 1 through 8 - 10. Aeronautical Information Manual, 5 - 3 - 1 through 5 - 3 - 6 Aeronautical Information Manual, Chapter 9 **ELEMENTS:** IFR Enroute Charts.

Currency , Victor Airways , MORCA, Mandatory Reporting Points, Remote FSS communications at VORs, Center boundaries and Frequencies Airway s Victor Airway s, Change in MEA, MRA, MCA , VOR Change Over Points, DME distances, Intersections Navigation Facilities VORs, Frequencies, Identifiers, Service Volumes, NDBs, Frequencies, Identifiers **SCHEDULE:** Ground In struction 2.0 hours **EQUIPMENT:** Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder

Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A NACA Chart Jeppesen Chart 32 **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discu ss the above tasks Test for understanding Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can explain the contents of Enroute Charts, Airway s and Navigation Facilities. **N OTES** 

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________________________________________________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 26 **LESSON 13 –**  **Stage Check -**  **Airplane OBJECTIVE:**  To te st the student's skill in the performance of instrument straight - and - level

flight, level turns, constant rate climbs and descents, constant airspeed climbs and descents, climbing and descending turns, stall recoveries, and recovery from unusual attitudes i ncluding recovery from high speed spirals with and without the primary

flight display (PFD). To additionally test the student’s ability

to Intercept and track VOR radials and execute holding patterns. **PRESTUDY:** Review: " T he P rocess of R ecovery from Unusual Attitudes" b y B ill L ewis **ELEMENTS :**  Instrument Straight - and - Level Flight

Change of Airspeed Level Turns Constant Rate Climbs and Descents Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents , with and without turns Recoveries from Unusual Attitudes with the Primary Flight Display : Power - Off and Power - On Stall Recoveries Steep Climbing Turn Recovery High Speed Spiral Dive Recovery Recoveries from Unusual Attitudes without the Primary Flight Display : Power - Off and Power - On Stall Recoveries Steep Climbing Turn R ecovery High Speed Spiral Dive Recovery Intercept and Tracking VOR Radials Holding patterns, Direct, Teardrop, Parallel at Intersections **SCHEDULE:** Briefing 0.3 hours

Airplane Instruction 1 hour Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** CE 172S - G1000 Aircraf t Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Test the student through the required maneuvers

Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Perform required maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can execute basic **STANDARDS:** attitude flying to the Instrument Airplane Practical Test Standards and can

recover from unusual attitudes safel y using the FAA recommended procedures.INSTRUMENT PART 61 27 **LESSON 1**  **4 -**  **Nonprecision Approach Procedures -**  **FTD OBJECTIVE:**  To develop the student's skill in n onprecision a pproaches, a

pproach b riefings and use of the s ix Ts and five Cs c hecklists. **PRESTUDY:** Read: Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook , FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, pp. 10 - 12 through

10 - 22, paragraphs related to Approaches and pp.8 - 12 through 8 - 32. **ELEMENTS:** Explanation of Nonprecision Approaches

Explanation of Approach Briefings Use of Checklists VOR Approach - Vectors to Final , Missed Approa ch VOR Approach - Full Approach , Missed Approach Lo calizer Approaches , Missed Approach GPS Approach , Missed Approach Lo calizer Back Course Approach , Missed Approach **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0.5 hours

FTD Instruction 1 hour Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** Flight Training Device

Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above task s Coach student through maneuvers Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Perform required maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can execute n onprecision a

pproach p rocedures using the recom mended procedures in the AIM. **NOTES**

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________________________________________________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 28 

# MISSED APPROACH **Pit ch Up**  **for appropriate airspeed**  **.** 

# Power Up **Pitch Up/Power up should be done simultaneously in a smooth, coordinated,**  **not rushed fashion.** 

# Positive Rate Up ? **Flaps UP slowly, 1**  **notch at a time** 

# Gear Up **Talk Up**INSTRUMENT PART 61 29 **LESSON 1 5**  **- Nonprecision Approach Procedures**  **- Airplane**  **OBJECTIVE:** To develop the student's skill in n onprecision a pproaches, a

pproach b riefings and use of the s ix Ts and five Cs c hecklists in the a irplane. **PRESTUDY:** Review: Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 10, pp.

10 - 12 thro ugh 10 - 22, paragraphs related to Approaches **ELEMENTS:** Use of Checklists

VOR Approach - Vectors to Final , Missed Approach VOR Approach - Full Approach , Missed Approach Lo calizer Back Course Approach, Missed Approach GPS Approach , Missed Approach Lo cal izer Approach, Land **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0.3 hours

Airplane Instruction 1 hour Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** CE 172S - G1000 Aircraft

Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discus s Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Interactively discuss the above tasks Coach student through maneuvers Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Perform required maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully comple ted when the student can execute n onprecision a

pproach p rocedures using the recommended procedures in the AIM. **NOTES**

________________________________________________________________

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_____ ___________________________________________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 30 **LESSON 1**  **6 -**  **Precision Approach Procedures -**  **FTD OBJECTIVE:**  To develop the student's skill in p recision a pproaches, a

pproach b riefings and further develop the instrument scan . **PRESTUDY:** Read: Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 7, pp. 7 - 37

through 7 - 46, paragraphs related to Instrument Approach S ys tems **ELEMENTS:** Explanation of In strument Flight Rules ( ILS ) approaches

Review of Approach Briefing Instrument Takeoff ILS Approaches , Missed Approaches ILS Approaches with Crosswind , Missed Approaches **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0. 3 hours

FTD Instruction 1 hour Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** Flight Training Device

Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach student through maneuvers Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Per form required maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can execute p recision a

pproach p rocedures using the recommended procedures in the AIM. **NOTES**

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________________________________________________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 31 **LESSON 1 7**  **- Precision Approach Procedures**  **- Airplane**  **OBJECTIVE:** To develop the student's skill in p recision a pproaches in the airplane . **PRESTUDY:** Re view : Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 7, pp. 7 - 37

through 7 - 46, paragraphs related to Instrument Approach S ys tems **ELEMENTS:** Instrument Takeoff

ILS Approaches , Missed Approaches ILS Approaches with Crosswind , (if practical), Land **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0.3 hours

Airplane Instruction 1 hour Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** CE 172S - G1000 Aircraft

Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Disc uss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach student through maneuvers Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Perform required maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he l esson will be successfully completed when the student can execute p recision a

pproach p rocedures using the recommended procedures in the AIM. **NOTES**

________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________ _______________________

________________________________________________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 32 **LESSON 1 8**  **- Timed Turns, Compass Turns and DME ARC Procedures**  **- FTD**  **OBJECTIVE:** To develop the student's skill in flying t imed turns, c ompass turns, and Distance

Me asurement Equipment ( DME ) arcs. **PRESTUDY:** Read: Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 5, pp. 5 - 21 through 5 - 22, paragraphs related to Timed Turns and Magnetic Turns Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook , FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 7, pp. 7 - 16 through 7 - 19, paragraphs related to DME and DME Arcs **ELEMENTS:** Timed Turns

Compass Turns No PFD VOR/GPS Approach, Missed Approach DME Arcs DME Arc to Chebo ygan (SLH) VOR 9 , Missed Approach **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0.5 hours

FTD Instruction 1.2 hours Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** Flight Training Device

Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interact ively

discuss the above tasks Coach student through maneuvers Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Perform required maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can execute t imed turns, m agneti c turns and DME arcs using the recommended procedures in the AIM. **NOTES**

________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________ _____________INSTRUMENT PART 61 33 

### THE PROCESS OF TIMED 

## TURNS Partial panel flying after the loss of your primary flight instruments certainly can be stressful. Trying to make magnetic compass turns can be filled with many errors because of compass magnetic dip and acceleration errors. Thus, the recommended way to change the airplane's heading is by timing and using standard rate turns. Many instructors teach that you should do mental arithmetic by subtracting your current heading from the desired heading , then divid e by three. Example: a turn from 90 degrees to 120 degrees would require a 30 degree heading change. Since standard rate is three degrees per second, this turn would require 10 seconds. Research has shown that it is very difficult to do mathematics while trying to use your central vision to scan the instruments. Interestingly, the same part of our brain is used for both mathematics and central vision. The following process eliminates the requirement to do any math in the cockpit for this purpose , and resul ts in better positional awareness and fewer errors. The basic concept is to treat each 30 degree heading increment as ten seconds in time rather than a number of degrees. Here are the steps: 1. Using the Turn Coordinator, hold the airplane as level as possible , and read the compass. 2. Rotate your OBS (preferably one not being used for navigation) so that the number at the top cursor matches the magnetic heading. This example shows 090 degrees:

3. Let's say that you want to make a headin g change from 090 to 210 . T hink of each major numbered division (12, 15, 18, 21) as 10 seconds each. Thus, a 40 second right turn would be required. It is easy to interpolate for fractions of a major number division. If you have your pri mary OBS set for an inbound course, you can use the same method of counting major divisions from the current magnetic heading position to the desired inbound course. No math required!  2002 H. William Lewis, used with permission of the author.INSTRUMENT PART 61 34 

### Th **e Process of Magnetic Turns** Partial panel fl yi ng after the loss of your primary flight instruments is often stressful. Trying to make magnetic compass turns can be filled with many errors because of compass magnetic dip and acceleration errors. Thus, th e recommended way to change the airplane's heading is by timing and using standard rate turns. See the section entitled , "The Process of Timed Turns . " When using the technique of Timed Turns, the variability of timing, rolling into the turn, rolling out of the turn , and turn coordinator accuracy /precision, it is very

difficult to get to the exact desired heading. You can usually "just get close." When you are close to the desired heading, small corrections in heading may be made by

using magnetic turns. Because of magnetic dip and acceleration errors, use of the magnetic compass has its complications as well: When on an East or West heading , an y acceleration or climb will show a compass reading of a more Northerl y indication. Conversel y, an y decelerati on or dive will have a compass reading showing a more Southerly indication Also , when turning near Southerly headings, the compass indication will lead (be ahead of) the actual desired heading. Conversel y, when turning near Northerl y headings, the compa ss indication will lag (be behind) the actual desired heading. Detailed understanding of these factors will allow the pilot to make compensations and get relativel y close. Here are useful steps: 1. Fly the airplane so that the Turn Coordinator shows a bsolutely **NO TURN** and is **STABLE** . 2. Note the current and desired heading on the magnetic compass. 3. If the desired heading shows on the RI GHT of the magnetic compass, you must turn **LEFT** . 4 . Conversely , if the desired heading shows on the LEFT of the ma gnetic compass, you must turn **RIGHT.** (This is similar to the concept of a localizer back course approach where you turn away from the needle.) 5. The timing of your turns should be: "ROLL IN TWO THREE, ROLL OUT TWO THREE" . If you roll into a standard rate turn during this step, you will get approximately a ten degree change of heading. These steps should be done successivel y until the desired heading is achieved. Another orientation concept to keep in mind , is that if you want the numbers on the compass to be **BIGGER ,**  you must turn **RIGHT** . If you want the numbers to get **SMALLER** , you must turn **LEFT** . At first this might seem very simple, however, it is extremely helpful to keep this in mind. **©** 2005 H. Wi lliam Lew isINSTRUMENT PART 61 35INSTRUMENT PART 61 36 **LESSON 1 9**  **- Timed Turns, Compass Turns and DME ARC Procedures**  **- Airplane**  **OBJECTIVE:** To further develop the student's skill in flying t imed turns, c ompass turns, and

DME arcs. **PRESTUDY:** Read: Instrument Fl yi ng Hand book, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 5, pp. 5 - 21 through 5 - 22, paragraphs related to Timed Turns and Magnetic Turns Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 7, pp. 7 - 16 through 7 - 19, paragraphs related to DME and DME Arcs **ELEMENTS:** Time d Turns

Compass Turns DME Arcs No PFD VOR/GPS Approach **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0. 3 hours

F light Instruction 1 hour Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** CE 172S - G1000 Aircraft

Spiral N otebook and 3 - R ing B inder Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook, FAA - H - 8083 - 15A Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach student through maneuvers Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Perform requ ired maneuvers **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can execute t imed turns, m agnetic turns and DME arcs using the recommended procedures in the AIM. **NOTES**

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________________________________________________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 37 **LESSON 20**  **- IFR Cross**  **- Country Introduction**  **- Airplane**  **OBJECTIVE:** To develop the student's skill in flying a short IFR cr oss - country , i ntroduction to

obtaining IFR weather briefings, flight plan filing and cop yi ng clearances. **PRESTUDY:** Read: Instrument Fl yi ng Handbook FAA - H - 8083 - 15A, Chapter 10, pp. 10 - 1

through 10 - 9 , p aragraphs related to IFR Flight Prepare: A F light P lan from YIP Airport, JXN VOR to Coldwater Airport A F light P lan from Coldwater Airport to JXN Airport A F light P lan from JXN airport YIP Airport **ELEMENTS:** Review of Weather Theory

Explanation of IFR W eather B riefings Introduction of F light P lanning and F iling Lost Communication P rocedures Introduction to C opying C learances Entering GPS Flight Plans: Leg 1: YIP JXN LFD Coldwater, VOR Approach at C oldwater with a **L anding**  Leg 2: Coldwater JXN, GPS Approach at JXN Leg 3: JXN YIP, ILS Approach at YIP , Missed Approach Second IL S Approach at YIP, Land **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 2 hours

Airplane Instruction 2 hours Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** CE 172S - G1000 Aircraft

Flight Plan Log Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Timer Vi ew L imiting Device Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach s tudent through the flight Debrief Continued on next pageINSTRUMENT PART 61 38

**STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION :**  Ask and answer questions

Fly the specified cross - country flight **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can plan and fly the specified cross - country

flight. **NOTES**

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________________________________________________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 39 **LESSON 2**  **1 -**  **IFR Cross -**  **Country Skill Development -**  **Airplane OBJECTIVE:**  To further develop the student's skill in flying IFR cross - country flights. **PRESTUDY:** Prepare a flight plan for each one of the e lement l egs below : **ELEMENTS:** Leg 1: YIP to Marshal RMY with a **L anding**  , C ircle to L and if P ossible GPS Approach at RMY Leg 2: RMY to Howell - OZW with a **L anding**  , C ircle to L and if P ossible V OR Approach at OZW Leg 3: OZW to YIP Multiple ILS Approach at YIP **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0.5 hours

Airplane Instruction 3 hours Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** CE 172S - G1000 Aircraft

Flight P lan L og Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Timer View L i miting Device Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach Student through the flight Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

F ly the specified cross - country flight **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can execute a cross - country

flight with three different kinds of approaches. **NOTES**

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________________________________________________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 40 **LESSON 2**  **2 -**  **IFR Cross -**  **Country Skill Development Cont. -**  **Airplane OBJECTIVE:**  To further develop the student's skill in f lying IFR cross - country flights. **PRESTUDY:** Prepare a flight plan for each one of the Element Legs below : **ELEMENTS:** Leg 1: YIP to LAN ILS Approach at LAN, with a Landing (Touch and Go) **L** eg 2: LAN to PTK LOC BC Approach at P TK , Missed Approach Leg 3: PTK to YIP VOR Approach at YIP , Missed Approach, ILS Approach at YIP, Landing **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0.5 hours

Airplane Instruction 3 hours Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** CE 172S - G1000 Aircraft

Flight P lan L og Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Timer View L imiting Device Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach s tudent through the flight Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Fly the specified cross - country flight **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can execute a cross - country

flight with three different kinds of approaches. **NOTES**

________________________________________ ________________________

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________________________________________________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 41 **LESSON 2**  **3 -**  **ASR / No Gyro Approach Procedures -**  **Airplane OBJECTIVE:**  To further develop the student's skill in flying IFR cross - country flights. **PRESTUDY:** Prepare a flight plan for each one of the e lement l egs below : **ELEMENTS:** ASR and No - G yro Approach E xplanation

Leg 1: YIP LAN, or TOL if LAN is N ot P ossible, W ith a **L anding**  ASR / N o - G yro Approach Leg 2: LAN YIP Lo calizer Approach, Missed Approach ILS Approach **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0.5 hours

Airplane Instruction 3 hours Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** CE 172S - G1000 Aircraft

Flight P lan L og Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Timer V iew L imiting Device Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach s tudent through the flight Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questi ons

Fly the specified cross - country flight **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can execute a cross - country

flight with an ASR and n o - g yro approach . **NOTES**

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________________________________________________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 42 **LESSON 2**  **4 -**  **Approach Skill Practice -**  **Airplane OBJECTIVE:**  To further develop the student's skill in flying IFR cross - country flights . **PRESTUDY:** Prepare a flight plan for each one of the E lement l egs below : **ELEMENTS:** L eg 1: YIP to Battle Creek BTL VOR Approach at BTL, W ith a **L anding**  Leg 2: BTL to YIP ILS Approach at YIP Leg 3: YIP to YIP VOR Approach at YIP W ithout AI **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 0.5 hours

Airplane Instruction 3 hours Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** CE 172S - G1000 Aircraft

Flight P lan L og Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Timer View L imiting Device Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach s tudent through the flight Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Fly the specified cross - country flight **COMPLETION** T he less on will be successfully completed when the student can execute a cross - country

flight with three different kinds of approaches. **NOTES**

________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________ __________

________________________________________________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 43 **LESSON 2**  **5 -**  **Long Dual Cross -**  **C ountry Flight**  **- Airplane**  **OBJECTIVE:** To develop the student's skill in flying a long cross - country flight. **PRESTUDY:** Prepare a flight plan for each one of the E lement l egs below : **ELEMENTS:** Leg 1: YIP to GRR ILS Approach and L anding Leg 2 : GRR to MBS LOC Approach Leg 3 : MBS to OZW VOR Approach P artial P anel, W ithout PFD Leg 4 : OZW to Y IP ILS Approach **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 1. 3 hours

Airplane Instruction 4 hours Debrief 0.3 hours **EQUIPMENT:** CE 172S - G1000 Aircraft

Flight P lan L og Spiral notebook and 3 - ring binder Timer View L imiting Device Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Answer questions from Prestudy

Interactively

discuss the above tasks Coach s tudent through the flight Debrief **STUDENT** Take notes **ACTION:** Ask and answer questions

Fly the specified cross - country flight **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can execute a long cross - country

flight with three different kinds of approaches. **NOTES**

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________________

________________________________________________INSTRUMENT PART 61 44 **LESSON 2**  **6 -**  **Final Stage**  **Check -**  **Airplane OBJECTIVE:**  To determine if the student is prepared to pass the Instrument Airplane Practical

Tes t. **PRESTUDY:** Study : All Areas of the PTS

Read: The introductio n to the PTS **ELEMENTS:** All Area of Operations in the Instrument Airplane Practical Test Standard **SCHEDULE:** Ground Instruction 4. 5 hours

Airplane Instruction 2. 5 hours Debrief 0.5 hours **EQUIPMENT:** CE 172S - G1000 Aircraft

Flight P lan L og Spiral no tebook and 3 - ring binder Timer View L imiting Device Power Card **INSTRUCTOR** Discuss Objectives and Completion Standards **ACTION:** Administer a complete simulated Practical Test

Debrief **STUDENT** Answer PTS oral questions **ACTION:** Execute the PTS flight requ irements **COMPLETION** T he lesson will be successfully completed when the student can execute a ll the Area s of Operations in the Instrument Airplane Practical Test Standard . **NOTES**

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__________

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________________________________________________________________