# 2011 Minerals Yearbook

**U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey**  

# SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION [ADVANCE RELEASE]

**May 2013**Sand and Gravel, Con s truc tion—2011 [ADVANCE RELEA S E ] 64.1 

# S and and

# Gravel 

# , C on s tru c tion By Wallace P. Bolen

Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Michelle B. Blackwell and Hodan A. Fatah, statistical assistants.

A

total of 810 million metric tons (Mt) of construction sand and gravel was produced in the United States in 2011. This was a slight increase of 5 Mt from the revised production of 2010, the first increase in annual production since 2006, following 4 consecutive years of decreases. The slight improvement came in response to increased demand from certain State economies experiencing the boom in natural gas and oil production and from some construction segments. While the 810 Mt is an increase, 2011 concluded 2 consecutive years with the lowest levels of U .S. sand and gravel production since 1991.

Construction sand and gravel is a traditional basic building material and is one of the earliest materials used by humanity for dwellings and later for outdoor areas such as paths, roadways, and other constructs. Sand and gravel is very accessible and is widely used throughout the United States and the world. A s sand and gravel became less available owing to resource constraint or economic conditions in some locales, builders began to crush bedrock to produce a manufactured sand and gravel often referred to as crushed stone. Sand and gravel and crushed stone combined are defined as construction aggregates. The crushed stone industry is reviewed in a separate chapter of the U .S. Geological Survey (U SGS) Minerals Yearbook; both of these mineral commodities are usually included in reviews of national, State, or local aggregate industries. All percentages in this report were computed using unrounded data.

Although some States had greatly increased demand related to energy production, demand was kept in check by the historically weak nationwide activity in the construction industry. The nearly flat sand and gravel consumption in 2011 was a reflection of the decrease in the total construction put in place as reported by the U .S. Census Bureau. T otal construction value in the United States declined by about 3.3% in 2011 compared with that in 2010, after an 11% decrease in 2010 compared with that in 2009. Residential and nonresidential construction declined in 2011, 1.4% and 4.1%, respectively. Only 4 of 16 nonresidential categories of construction increased in 2011: commercial (10.4%), conservation and development (2.8%), manufacturing (2.6%), and health care (0.9%) (U .S. Census Bureau, 2012).

In the United States in 2011, 6,591 construction sand and gravel operations were active (table 6A), 648 operations were reported or assumed idle, and 213 operations either were reported to be closed or were assumed to be permanently shut down. Of the 6,591 active operations, 68 were classified as sales or distribution yards only; a sales yard is defined as a fixed location that receives sand and gravel from a distant source and sells it at the yard. In addition, 80 operations reported that they were either an open pit or a dredge combined with a sales yard that supplemented local production with material from a remote location. A small number of the idle sand and gravel operations reported recycling of asphalt and portland cement concrete but no sand and gravel mining. The 6,591 operations with 7,949 active sand and gravel pits were owned by 4,107 companies or government agencies operating in all 50 States.

A

review of the data provided by the U .S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) revealed 439 newly opened or previously unaccounted for sand and gravel locations that reported at least 500 employee hours of activity during 2011. Information was gathered from these newly recognized operations and is included in this report. In 2011, of the 6,591 active operations surveyed, 3,254, or 49%, responded to the U SGS canvass. Their total production represented 53% of the 810 Mt produced in 2011. E stimates for operations that did not report were based on prior year’s data and MSHA employee hour reports. E ach year, hundreds of sand and gravel operations are idled, closed, or abandoned, and hundreds more are reactivated or opened. The changing location of construction and highway projects is the major factor in decisions to open, idle, or close operations.

According to the U .S. Census Bureau in 2011, sand and gravel exports decreased by 6% to 357,000 metric tons (t), but the value increased by 25% to $28.2 million compared with the 2010 data (tables 1, 12). For the first time since 2008, imports of construction sand and gravel increased, rising 29% in 2011 compared with those in 2010, but the value decreased by 32% to $64.8 million (tables 1, 13). Imports have become a significant source for sand and gravel in some areas of the country but remain a tiny fraction of total consumption. D omestic apparent consumption of construction sand and gravel, which is defined as production for consumption (sold or used) plus total imports minus total exports, was 813 Mt. In addition to this, about 27 Mt of asphaltic and portland cement concrete was recycled during 2011.

Some information about the production of construction sand and gravel in foreign countries can be found in the U .S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook, volume III , Area reports—International. For nonreporting countries, estimates of sand and gravel and crushed stone production can be based on indirect indicators, such as the levels of asphalt and cement consumption.

Production

O f the four major geographic regions, the West again led the Nation in the production of construction sand and gravel in 2011 with 280 Mt, or 35% of the U .S. total (table 2). The Midwest ranked second with 242 Mt, or 30%; the South produced 197 Mt, or 24%; and the Northeast produced 91 Mt, or 11%. Compared with that of 2010, production was down slightly in the Northeast and South regions and up slightly in the West. In the Midwest region, production increased more than the other64.2 [ADVANCE RELEA S E ] U .S. GEOLO GI CAL S URVEY MINERAL S YEARB OOK—2011 

### regions, but still increased less than 2% compared with that of 2010.

O f the nine geographic divisions, the Mountain division led the Nation in the production of construction sand and gravel in 2011 with 149 Mt, or 18% of the U .S. total, and was followed by the Pacific with 131 Mt, or 16%, and the East North Central with 124 Mt, or 15% (table 2). The two largest increases by division were in the Pacific (7.9%) and the West North Central (7.3%) in 2011 compared with that of 2010. The two largest decreases by division were in the South Atlantic (6.5%) and the Mountain (5.0%) in 2011 compared with that of 2010. Increases in the Pacific and West North Central divisions were partially in response to infrastructure related demand from the rapidly expanding oil and gas activity in those regions.

In 2011, construction sand and gravel was produced in every State (table 3). The leading States with production greater than 25 Mt were, in descending order of tonnage, California, T

exas, Minnesota, Arizona, Michigan, New York, Washington, Wisconsin, Ohio, Colorado, and Utah. The combined production of these 11 States represented about 52% of the national total. In 2011, production decreased in 29 States and increased in 21 States compared with that of 2010. Production increases of greater than 10% were reported in nine States—R hode I sland (33%), North D akota (25%), West V irginia (19%), D elaware (18%), New Jersey (17%), Alaska (15%), Nevada (15%), Oregon (14%), and Minnesota (12%). Production decreases of 10% or more were reported in seven States—Missouri (22%), Maryland (14%), V irginia (14%), Arkansas (13%), Wyoming (12%), New Mexico (11%), and I daho (10%).

A

review of the production of construction sand and gravel for consumption by size of operation indicates that 51% of the total production came from 2,021 operations with between 100,000 and 499,999 metric tons (t) of production in 2011; 19% of the construction sand and gravel produced came from 269 operations with between 500,000 and 999,999 t of production; and 15% came from 79 operations with 1 Mt or more of production. The majority of operations (4,222, or 64% of total operations) produced less than 100,000 t in 2011 (15% of the total production) (table 6A).

In 2011, the leading domestic commercial producers of construction sand and gravel were, in descending order of production, O ldcastle Materials, Inc.; L ehigh Hanson, Inc.; V

ulcan Materials Co.; CEMEX S. A .B. de C. V .; MDU Resources Group, Inc.; Holcim Group/Aggregate Industries Management, Inc.; Martin Marietta Aggregates; Granite Construction, Inc.; L afarge North America, Inc.; and Mitsubishi Cement Corp. The combined production of these 10 companies was about 166 Mt, or about 21% of the national total. The top 100 producers of construction sand and gravel in the United States in 2010 are listed in table 14.

O f the top 100 companies, one of the most active in recent years was a relatively new company, Summit Materials LL C. Founded in September 2009, Summit Materials was formed by a group of investors and the former chief executive officer of another leading U .S. aggregate company. Summit Materials developed a portfolio through acquisition of active aggregate operations and related businesses. Since then through 2011, the company purchased, in order of acquisition, Hamm, Inc., Perry, KS; Hinkle Contracting Corp., Paris, KY; Cornejo & Sons, Inc., Wichita, KS; Continental Cement Co., Hannibal, M O ; Harper‐Kilgore Cos. and Altaview Concrete, Inc. in Salt L ake City, UT; Con-Agg of Mo, LL C, Columbia, MO ; RK Hall Construction, Ltd. and associated companies, Paris, TX; Elam Construction, Inc. and Grand Junction Concrete Pipe, Inc. in Grand Junction, C O ; Fischer Quarries, LL C, Sedina, MO ; B&B Resources, Inc., Salt L ake City, UT; T riple C Concrete, Inc., T

win Falls, ID ; and Wind River Materials, LL C, Kemmerer, WY (Summit Materials, 2012). Summit Materials ranked 35th in production of construction sand and gravel in 2011, up from 36th in 2010.
Consumption

Production of construction sand and gravel reported to the U SGS by producers was material that was sold or used by the companies. Stockpiled production is not reported until it is sold or consumed by the producer. Because no consumption surveys are conducted by the U SGS for sand and gravel, the sold or used tonnage is assumed to represent the amount produced for domestic consumption and export. Because some of the construction sand and gravel producers did not report a breakdown by end use, their total production was reported under “Unspecified uses, reported.” The estimated production of nonrespondents was reported under “Unspecified uses, estimated.”

O f the 810 Mt of construction sand and gravel produced in 2011, 60% was reported or estimated without a breakdown by end use (tables 4–5). O f the remaining 327 Mt, 44% was used as concrete aggregate; 25% was used for road base and coverings and road stabilization; 13%, for asphaltic concrete aggregate and other bituminous mixtures; 12%, for construction fill; about 1% each, for concrete products, plaster and gunite sands, and snow and ice control; and the remainder was used for golf course maintenance, filtration, railroad ballast, road stabilization, roofing granules, and many other miscellaneous uses.

T

o provide a more accurate estimate of the consumption patterns for construction sand and gravel, the unspecified uses are not included in the above percentages. In any marketing

or use
-pattern analysis, the total quantities included in “Unspecified uses” may be distributed among the reported use categories by applying the above percentages.

Additional information regarding production or consumption of construction sand and gravel by major uses in each State and State district can be found in the U .S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook, volume II , Area reports—D omestic.
Recycling

The U SGS collects recycling statistics from construction and demolition companies. Although not all of the companies surveyed responded to the request for information on asphalt and portland cement concrete recycling, many did. These data have been combined with recycling data received from aggregate mining companies, including construction sand and gravel and crushed stone producers. Recycling in this industry generally refers to the crushing, screening, and reuse of asphalt and portland cement concretes. Aggregates,Sand and Gravel, Con s truc tion—2011 [ADVANCE RELEA S E ] 64.3 

### construction, and demolition companies and related asphalt and ready‐mix companies are often involved in construction projects during which they collect and reuse the materials at the site. Sometimes construction companies haul their materials to a recycling location where the asphalt and (or) portland cement concrete is processed for reuse. The U SGS welcomes additional information on recycling and encourages all construction materials recycling companies to provide statistics on their activities. Companies involved in recycling may contact the author of this report to receive more information on how to report.

Recycled Asphalt Concrete.

—In 2011, 13.4 Mt of asphalt concrete valued at $106 million was recycled by aggregate, construction, and demolition companies in 48 States (table 10). The leading States, all with more than 500,000 t of recycled asphalt concrete were, in descending order of tonnage recycled, California, Illinois, Michigan, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Kansas, and New York. About 5 Mt of asphalt concrete was recycled by 287 sand and gravel companies. Sand and gravel producers who reported the most recycled asphalt concrete were, in descending order, All American A sphalt Co.; KGM Contractors, Inc.; O ldcastle Materials, Inc.; Edw. C. L evy Co.; and B. R

. Amon & Sons, Inc.

Recycled Concrete.

—In 2011, about 13.8 Mt of portland cement concrete valued at $103 million was recycled in 48 States (table 11). The leading States, all with more than 500,000 t of recycled portland cement concrete were, in descending order of tonnage recycled, California, Illinois, Michigan, V irginia, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Florida. About 5 Mt of portland cement concrete was recycled by 289 sand and gravel companies. Sand and gravel producers who reported the most recycled portland cement concrete were, in descending order, V ulcan Materials, Inc.; D an Copp Crushing Corp.; Knopik Crushing, Inc.; Kalin Construction Co., Inc.; and Kraemer T rucking and Excavation, Inc. Transportation

Information regarding the method of transportation of construction sand and gravel from the pit or processing plant to the first point of sale or use is available for each geographic division and the total United States. Reports regarding the method of transportation were provided by the producers for 303 Mt, or 37% of the total U .S. production of construction sand and gravel in 2010. O f this total, 85% was transported by truck; 2%, by waterway; and less than 1% by rail (table 7). A significant portion of the 303 Mt (about 12%) was not transported and was used at or near the production site, probably for asphalt or portland cement concrete production. Because most producers neither keep records of nor report shipping distances or cost per metric ton per mile, transportation cost data are not available.

Prices

Prices discussed in this chapter are synonymous with average unit value and are free on board (f.o.b.) plant, usually at the first point of sale or for captive use. This does not include transportation from the plant or yard to the consumer. It does include all costs of mining, processing, in

-plant transportation, overhead, and profit. The 2011 average price increased slightly to $7.43 per metric ton compared with that of 2010. By use, the prices varied from a high of $11.44 per ton for roofing granules to a low of $4.93 per ton for fill (table 4). The largest increases in price were recorded for railroad ballast (31.8%), fill (10.2%), road base and coverings (5.9%), plaster and gunite sands (5.8%), and filtration (5.6%). The largest decreases were for road stabilization, lime (20.5%) and golf course maintenance (10.8%).

The States having the highest unit value per metric ton were, in descending order, Hawaii ($15.67), R hode I sland ($12.92), Maryland ($11.89), V irginia ($11.61), California ($11.07), and Massachusetts ($10.13). The States having the lowest unit value per metric ton were, in ascending order, South D akota ($3.78), South Carolina ($4.43), Kansas ($4.90), and Minnesota ($4.91). The unit value decreased in 16 States and increased in 34 States (table 3). The States having the largest increases in unit value were, in descending order, Wyoming (43%), North D akota (39%), Maryland (17%), Alaska (16%), Maine (16%), and Missouri (12%). The States having the largest decreases in unit value were, in descending order, D elaware (22%), Oregon (15%), New Jersey (12%), and Nevada (11%).
Foreign Trade

The widespread distribution of domestic sand and gravel deposits and the high cost of transportation limit foreign trade to mostly local transactions across international boundaries. U .S. imports and exports were equivalent to less than 1% of domestic consumption.

According to the U .S. Census Bureau, exports of construction sand increased by 144% to 144,000 t compared with that of 2010, and the value increased by 32% to $21.9 million (table 12). Mexico, which was the leading destination, received 45% of the total sand exports, followed by the Canada (20%), and Argentina (7%). Exports of construction gravel decreased by 34% to 213,000 t compared with those of 2010, but the value increased by 5% to $6.3 million. Canada, which was the leading destination, received 61% of total gravel exports. Germany was the second leading destination receiving 22% of the gravel exports. The average value of the sand and gravel exports in 2011 was $79 per metric ton; this was up by 33% from $59 per metric ton in 2010. These values may have been relatively high because some higher grade sand and gravel, such as industrial sand and gravel (especially frac sand), was being misclassified as construction sand and gravel.

In 2011, imports of construction sand and gravel increased by 29% to 3.44 Mt, but the value decreased by 32% to $64.8 million (table 13). Canada was the leading source of construction sand and gravel imports, with 86% of the total. Mexico supplied about 9% of the imports, and The Bahamas supplied about 3%. The average unit value of the sand and gravel imports in 2011 was $18.82 per ton, down from $35.86 per ton in 2010.

Outlook

Weak demand growth from most construction segments and flat revenues to and funding for governmental agencies and programs were expected to result in little or no increase in sand64.4 [ADVANCE RELEA S E ] U .S. GEOLO GI CAL S URVEY MINERAL S YEARB OOK—2011 

### and gravel consumption in 2012 compared with that of 2011. D ata from the 2012 U SGS quarterly survey of U .S. aggregates producers projects a slight increase in sales of sand and gravel compared with those of 2011, based on a sample of the leading sand and gravel producers in the United States.

Pricing in the industry rebounded in 2011 after experiencing the first drop in average price since 1990. The 2011 average, while an improvement from 2010, was still a bit below the alltime high of $7.51 per ton set in 2009. Improving sales in the housing market and higher fuel costs could keep some upward pressures on sand and gravel prices for 2012. L arger price increases are more likely to continue in and near metropolitan areas because, as nearby resources are depleted, more aggregates will be transported from distant sources with the accompanying extra fuel cost.

Reference Cited

Summit Materials, 2012, News: Summit Materials, LL C. (Accessed

March 20, 2013, via http://www.summit

-materials.com/news.html.) U .S. Census Bureau, 2012, Annual value of construction put in place

2002−2011: U.S. Census Bureau, August 1. (Accessed March 19, 2013, via http://www.census.gov/construction/c30/totpage.html.)



### GENERAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION
U.S. Geological Survey Productions

Crushed Stone and Sand and Gravel. Mineral Industry Surveys,

quarterly. Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in

the United States, D ata Series 140. Natural Aggregate—Building America’s Future. Circular 1110, 1990. Natural Aggregates of the Conterminous United States. Bulletin 1594, 1988. Natural Aggregates—Foundation of America’s Future. Fact Sheet FS 144–97, 1997. Sand and Gravel. Ch. in United States Mineral Resources,

Professional Paper 820, 1973. Sand and Gravel, Construction. Ch. in Mineral Commodity

Summaries, annual. Stone, Crushed. Ch. in Mineral Commodity Summaries, annual. Stone, Crushed. Ch. in Minerals Yearbook, annual.

Other

Aggregates Handbook. National Stone A ssociation, 1991. Aggregates Manager. Aggregates—Sand, Gravel, & Crushed Rock Aggregates for

Construction Purposes. The Geological Society [United Kingdom], 1985. Bates, R

. L ., and Harben, P.W., 1984, Geology of Nonmetallics:

London, United Kingdom, Metal Bulletin Inc., 357 p. Canadian Aggregates. Concrete Manual— A

Water Resources Publication. U .S. D epartment of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1975. E arth Manual— A

Water Resources Publication. U .S. D epartment of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1974. Handbook of Concrete Aggregates. D olar

- Mantuani, L

. Noyes

Publications, 1983. Industrial Minerals. Pit & Quarry. Quarry Management. Rock Products. Sand and Gravel. Ch. in Industrial Minerals and Rocks (7th ed.),

Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc., 2006. Sand and Gravel. Ch. in Mineral Facts and Problems, U .S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 675, 1985. Stone, Sand & Gravel Review.

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Sold or used by producers: 2

Quantity 1,250,000 1,060,000 838,000 r 805,000 r 810,000 value 8,810,000 7,900,000 r 6,290,000 r 5,870,000 r 6,020,000 recycled: 3

Quantity 20,100 29,100 28,500 26,400 r 27,200 value 150,000 252,000 264,000 201,000 r 210,000 exports:

Quantity 365 392 439 381 357 value 28,700 22,400 23,100 22,600 28,200 imports:

Quantity 4,420 5,430 2,980 2,670 3,440 value 87,700 114,000 66,100 95,900 64,800

3 asphalt and portland cement concrete recycled by construction, demolition, and aggregate mining companies. rrevised. 1 data are rounded to no more than three significant digits. 2Puerto rico is excluded from all sand and gravel statistics. taBle 1 Salient u.S. ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel StatiStiCS 1

(thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)Sand and Gravel, Con s truc tion—2011 [ADVANCE RELEA S E ] 64.5 Quantity Quantity (thousand Percentage value Percentage (thousand Percentage value Percentage region/division metric tons) of total (thousands) of total metric tons) of total (thousands) of total northeast:

new england 36,500 r 4.5 $302,000 r 5.1 36,100 4.5 $316,000 5.2 Middle atlantic 54,300 r 6.8 474,000 r 8.1 54,700 6.8 478,000 8.0 Midwest:

east north Central 128,000 15.9 r 801,000 r 13.6 r 124,000 15.4 773,000 12.8 West north Central 109,000 r 13.5 565,000 r 9.6 117,000 14.5 633,000 10.5 South:

South atlantic 51,700 r 6.4 398,000 r 6.8 r 48,400 6.0 389,000 6.5 east South Central 34,100 r 4.2 r 227,000 r 3.9 r 33,400 4.1 225,000 3.7 West South Central 112,000 r 14.0 r 878,000 r 15.0 r 116,000 14.3 912,000 15.2 West:

Mountain 157,000 r 19.5 1,070,000 r 18.1 149,000 18.4 1,020,000 17.0 Pacific 121,000 15.1 r 1,160,000 19.8 r 131,000 16.2 1,270,000 21.1

total 805,000 r 100 5,870,000 r 100 810,000 100 6,020,000 100 taBle 2 ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel Sold or uSed BY ProduCerS in tHe united StateS, BY GeoGraPHiC diviSion 1

2010 2011

rrevised. 1 data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.64.6 [ADVANCE RELEA S E ] U .S. GEOLO GI CAL S URVEY MINERAL S YEARB OOK—2011 Quantity Quantity (thousand value unit (thousand value unit State metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value alabama 10,400 r $56,200 $5.39 r 9,910 $53,600 $5.41 alaska 6,390 r 52,700 r 8.25 r 7,340 70,000 9.53 arizona 35,800 r 296,000 r 8.27 32,800 264,000 8.05 arkansas 9,050 76,800 8.49 7,830 66,800 8.53 California 74,700 811,000 r 10.87 r 80,300 889,000 11.07 Colorado 28,900 209,000 7.22 27,100 198,000 7.31 Connecticut 5,910 55,300 9.35 5,510 54,600 9.91 delaware 1,620 12,300 7.59 1,910 11,200 5.90 Florida 13,300 r 105,000 r 7.93 12,000 105,000 8.71 Georgia 5,120 28,400 5.54 5,050 29,700 5.88 Hawaii 1,020 r 15,500 r 15.25 r 962 15,100 15.67 idaho 13,800 r 78,500 r 5.68 r 12,400 67,700 5.46 illinois 19,600 r 129,000 r 6.57 18,800 121,000 6.44 indiana 18,900 r 116,000 r 6.16 18,800 111,000 5.88 iowa 13,700 r 84,400 r 6.16 r 15,000 101,000 6.75 Kansas 9,970 r 52,000 r 5.21 r 9,620 47,100 4.90 Kentucky 5,760 r 30,100 r 5.23 r 5,750 32,600 5.66 louisiana 21,300 r 197,000 r 9.22 r 20,700 207,000 9.96 Maine 7,970 r 45,900 r 5.76 r 7,990 53,500 6.69 Maryland 8,120 82,700 10.18 6,980 83,100 11.89 Massachusetts 9,710 r 91,400 9.42 9,230 93,500 10.13 Michigan 33,300 r 190,000 r 5.70 31,900 178,000 5.57 Minnesota 32,600 r 160,000 r 4.90 r 36,600 180,000 4.91 Mississippi 12,000 r 93,800 r 7.79 r 11,600 93,600 8.07 Missouri 11,900 r 73,900 r 6.21 9,250 64,100 6.93 Montana 10,200 r 82,100 r 8.08 r 11,000 85,800 7.80 nebraska 12,600 r 80,000 r 6.38 12,900 77,900 6.03 nevada 15,100 87,500 5.78 17,300 89,200 5.14 new Hampshire 6,620 r 55,600 r 8.40 r 6,260 54,500 8.70 new Jersey 10,000 105,000 10.50 11,800 108,000 9.19 new Mexico 11,600 84,400 7.30 10,300 76,200 7.40 new York 30,800 r 249,000 r 8.09 30,300 257,000 8.47 north Carolina 8,260 r 46,500 r 5.63 8,140 47,000 5.78 north dakota 17,000 66,400 r 3.90 r 21,300 116,000 5.43 ohio 29,900 232,000 7.75 27,400 219,000 8.01 oklahoma 10,600 r 64,600 r 6.09 r 10,700 65,900 6.17 oregon 11,400 93,000 8.15 13,000 90,400 6.93 Pennsylvania 13,500 r 119,000 r 8.81 12,700 114,000 8.96 rhode island 1,510 r 17,800 r 11.81 r 2,010 26,000 12.92 South Carolina 7,100 30,200 4.25 7,070 31,400 4.43 South dakota 11,600 r 48,600 r 4.19 r 12,700 47,800 3.78 tennessee 5,900 47,000 7.97 6,100 45,600 7.47 texas 71,500 r 540,000 r 7.56 r 76,400 573,000 7.50 utah 26,900 r 156,000 r 5.78 r 25,400 149,000 5.85 vermont 4,820 r 35,600 r 7.39 5,050 33,700 6.67 virginia 7,780 r 89,200 r 11.47 6,670 77,500 11.61 Washington 27,700 r 191,000 r 6.89 29,100 208,000 7.16 West virginia 448 3,740 8.35 534 4,470 8.36 Wisconsin 26,200 r 134,000 r 5.11 27,500 145,000 5.26 Wyoming 14,500 r 72,200 r 4.98 r 12,800 91,000 7.11

total or average 805,000 r 5,870,000 r 7.30 r 810,000 6,020,000 7.43

1 data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown. taBle 3 ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel Sold or uSed BY ProduCerS in tHe united StateS, BY State 1

2010 2011

rrevised.Sand and Gravel, Con s truc tion—2011 [ADVANCE RELEA S E ] 64.7 Quantity (thousand value unit use metric tons) (thousands) value Concrete aggregates (including concrete sand) 144,000 $1,160,000 $8.03 Plaster and gunite sands 3,360 33,400 9.96 Concrete products (blocks, bricks, pipe, decorative, etc.) 2,450 21,900 8.93 asphaltic concrete aggregates and other bituminous mixtures 41,300 363,000 8.79 road base and coverings 80,900 516,000 6.37 road stabilization, cement 1,220 9,100 7.46 road stabilization, lime 801 4,610 5.76 Fill 38,800 191,000 4.93 Snow and ice control 3,750 27,300 7.28 railroad ballast 967 10,600 10.98 roofing granules 160 1,830 11.44 Filtration 1,110 10,300 9.22 Golf course maintenance sand 1,170 10,500 8.98 other miscellaneous uses 7,050 75,000 10.63 unspecified: 2

actual 160,000 1,210,000 7.54 estimated 323,000 2,380,000 7.39

total or average 810,000 6,020,000 7.43 taBle 4 ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel Sold or uSed in tHe united StateS in 2011, BY MaJor uSe 1

1 data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown. 2reported and estimated production without a breakdown by end use.64.8 [ADVANCE RELEA S E ] U .S. GEOLO GI CAL S URVEY MINERAL S YEARB OOK—2011 region/division Quantity value Quantity value Quantity value Quantity value Quantity value northeast:

new england 2,820 27,700 135 1,870 72 586 1,580 17,100 4,070 34,000 Middle atlantic 9,080 90,700 264 2,470 162 1,690 2,650 22,000 4,710 36,500 Midwest:

east north Central 27,400 162,000 103 766 716 5,380 8,830 62,800 12,900 78,500 West north Central 14,500 93,000 453 2,430 149 1,830 6,200 36,400 24,100 103,000 South:

South atlantic 18,200 160,000 411 3,780 670 5,300 1,910 12,600 1,000 7,340 east South Central 7,570 50,700 73 547 122 666 1,980 15,500 1,050 6,160 West South Central 29,300 237,000 201 1,830 136 1,700 1,270 8,730 2,430 26,100 West:

Mountain 13,000 108,000 595 4,710 285 2,840 6,340 60,400 19,600 137,000 Pacific 22,200 228,000 1,120 15,000 140 1,880 10,600 128,000 13,100 101,000

total 144,000 1,160,000 3,360 33,400 2,450 21,900 41,300 363,000 82,900 529,000

Quantity value Quantity value Quantity value Quantity value Quantity value northeast:

new england 2,020 9,830 825 7,580 64 443 24,500 217,000 36,100 316,000 Middle atlantic 2,830 15,400 1,090 7,060 14 98 34,000 302,000 54,700 478,000 Midwest:

east north Central 8,960 41,200 941 4,580 188 1,440 64,300 417,000 124,000 773,000 West north Central 4,180 14,200 399 2,610 40 838 67,200 379,000 117,000 633,000 South:

South atlantic 4,360 13,900 29 243

‐‐ ‐‐ 21,800 186,000 48,400 389,000 east South Central 805 4,570 8 77

‐‐ ‐‐ 21,800 147,000 33,400 225,000 West South Central 4,310 19,200 7 51 31 832 78,000 617,000 116,000 912,000 West:

Mountain 4,930 23,200 365 4,350 304 3,020 104,000 678,000 149,000 1,020,000 Pacific 6,390 50,000 87 738 327 3,950 76,900 745,000 131,000 1,270,000

total 38,800 191,000 3,750 27,300 968 10,600 492,000 3,690,000 810,000 6,020,000 ‐‐ Zero.
1 data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2 includes road and other stabilization (cement and lime).
3 includes reported and estimated production without a breakdown by end use. Fill Snow and ice control railroad ballast other uses 3 total Concrete products asphaltic concrete aggregates and other bituminous mixtures road base and coverings 2 (including concrete sand)

Concrete aggregates Plaster and gunite sands decorative, etc.) (blocks, bricks, pipe taBle 5 ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel Sold or uSed BY ProduCerS in tHe united StateS in 2011, BY GeoGraPHiC diviSion and MaJor uSe 1

(thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)Sand and Gravel, Con s truc tion—2011 [ADVANCE RELEA S E ] 64.9 Quantity Size range number of Percentage (thousand Percentage (metric tons) operations of total metric tons) of total less than 25,000 2,048 31.5 19,300 2.0 25,000 to 49,999 1,001 15.0 32,900 4.0 50,000 to 99,999 1,173 17.0 77,300 9.0 100,000 to 199,999 1,042 15.0 134,000 16.5 200,000 to 299,999 532 8.0 117,000 14.0 300,000 to 399,999 299 4.0 93,000 11.5 400,000 to 499,999 148 2.0 59,500 7.0 500,000 to 599,999 110 1.0 54,000 6.0 600,000 to 699,999 74 1.0 43,200 5.0 700,000 to 799,999 40 0.7 27,300 3.0 800,000 to 899,999 23 0.3 17,600 3.0 900,000 to 999,999 22 0.2 18,800 2.0 1,000,000 to 1,499,999 48 0.9 51,300 7.0 1,500,000 to 1,999,999 15 0.2 23,400 2.0 2,000,000 to 2,499,999 12 0.7 24,200 4.0 2,500,000 and more 4 0.3 16,100 2.0

total 6,591 100 810,000 100

` taBle 6a ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel ProduCtion in tHe united StateS in 2011, BY SiZe oF oPeration 1

1 data are rounded to no more than three significant digits.

Quantity Quantity Size range number of Percentage (thousand Percentage number of Percentage (thousand Percentage (metric tons) operations of total metric tons) of total operations of total metric tons) of total less than 25,000 398 37.3 3,680 4.0 733 30.8 7,230 3.0 25,000 to 49,999 197 18.5 6,510 7.2 381 16.0 12,500 5.2 50,000 to 99,999 176 16.5 11,300 12.4 482 20.2 32,200 13.3 100,000 to 199,999 158 14.8 21,000 23.1 398 16.7 50,400 20.9 200,000 to 299,999 60 5.6 13,800 15.2 169 7.1 36,600 15.1 300,000 to 399,999 43 4.0 13,400 14.7 88 3.7 27,100 11.2 400,000 to 499,999 12 1.1 4,580 5.0 50 2.1 20,200 8.4 500,000 to 599,999 7 0.7 3,530 3.9 38 1.6 18,700 7.7 600,000 to 699,999 6 0.6 3,520 3.9 12 0.5 6,900 2.9 700,000 to 799,999 2 0.2 1,300 1.4 10 0.4 6,890 2.9 800,000 to 899,999 3 0.3 2,290 2.5 7 0.3 5,400 2.2 900,000 to 999,999 2 0.2 1,650 1.8 4 0.2 3,400 1.4 1,000,000 or more 3 0.3 4,300 4.7 11 0.5 14,000 5.8

total 1,067 100 90,800 100 2,383 100 242,000 100

Quantity Quantity Size range number of Percentage (thousand Percentage number of Percentage (thousand Percentage (metric tons) operations of total metric tons) of total operations of total metric tons) of total less than 25,000 228 21.5 2,130 1.1 689 33.1 6,300 2.3 25,000 to 49,999 114 10.7 3,860 2.0 309 14.9 10,000 3.6 50,000 to 99,999 173 16.3 11,300 5.7 342 16.4 22,500 8.0 100,000 to 199,999 186 17.5 24,800 12.6 300 14.4 38,300 13.7 200,000 to 299,999 122 11.5 26,800 13.6 181 8.7 39,900 14.3 300,000 to 399,999 82 7.7 25,600 13.0 86 4.1 26,900 9.6 400,000 to 499,999 44 4.1 17,800 9.0 42 2.0 16,900 6.0 500,000 to 599,999 35 3.3 17,200 8.7 30 1.4 14,700 5.2 600,000 to 699,999 24 2.3 14,000 7.1 32 1.5 18,800 6.7 700,000 to 799,999 14 1.3 9,550 4.8 14 0.7 9,530 3.4 800,000 to 899,999 7 0.7 5,290 2.7 6 0.3 4,630 1.7 900,000 to 999,999 7 0.7 5,990 3.0 9 0.4 7,780 2.8 1,000,000 or more 25 2.4 33,000 16.7 40 2.0 63,800 22.8

total 1,061 100 197,000 100 2,080 100 280,000 100
1 data are rounded to no more than three significant digits. taBle 6B ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel ProduCtion in tHe united StateS in 2011, BY reGion and SiZe oF oPeration 1

northeast Midwest

South West64.10 [ADVANCE RELEA S E ] U .S. GEOLO GI CAL S URVEY MINERAL S YEARB OOK—2011 not not region/division truck rail Water other transported specified total northeast:

new england 9,100

‐‐ ‐‐ 37 1,480 25,400 36,100 Middle atlantic 19,800 17 236 44 1,910 32,700 54,700 Midwest:

east north Central 47,500 138 2,700 831 4,850 68,300 124,000 West north Central 42,700 259 331 83 7,530 66,400 117,000 South:

South atlantic 24,200 58 148 9 1,830 22,100 48,400 east South Central 6,010 74 1,230 42 765 25,200 33,400 West South Central 29,700 579

‐‐ 28 2,990 82,400 116,000 West:

Mountain 39,500

‐‐ ‐‐ 168 5,930 104,000 149,000 Pacific 39,500

‐‐ 2,560 990 7,400 80,400 131,000

total 258,000 1,130 7,210 2,240 34,700 506,000 810,000 taBle 7 ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel Sold or uSed BY ProduCerS in tHe united StateS in 2011, BY GeoGraPHiC diviSion and MetHod oF tranSPortation 1

(thousand metric tons)

‐‐ Zero.
1 data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

Stationary no plants or dredging total active region/division Stationary Portable and portable unspecified operations operations northeast:

new england 250 207 47 19

‐‐ 523 Middle atlantic 249 198 44 28 25 544 Midwest:

east north Central 532 391 71 61 89 1,144 West north Central 498 454 33 82 172 1,239 South:

South atlantic 131 63 14 58 73 339 east South Central 108 32 6 13 49 208 West South Central 276 101 15 36 86 514 West:

Mountain 592 604 62 78 9 1,345 Pacific 1 396 238 50 35 16 735

total 3,032 2,288 342 410 519 6,591

as one operation. taBle 8

nuMBer oF ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel oPerationS and ProCeSSinG PlantS in tHe united StateS in 2011, BY GeoGraPHiC diviSion

Mining operations on land

‐‐ Zero.
1 an undetermined number of operations leased from the Bureau of land Management in alaska are countedSand and Gravel, Con s truc tion—2011 [ADVANCE RELEA S E ] 64.11 Stationary no plants or dredging total active State Stationary Portable and portable unspecified operations operations alabama 38 7 1 6 14 66 alaska 1 42 25 5 8 2 82 arizona 85 92 13 2

‐‐ 192 arkansas 33 14 2

‐‐ 3 52 California 206 86 24 7 7 330 Colorado 103 123 11 19 4 260 Connecticut 37 18 12

‐‐ ‐‐ 67 delaware 3

‐‐ ‐‐ 3 4 10 Florida 23 6

‐‐ 8 19 56 Georgia 18 4 3

‐‐ 17 42 Hawaii 16 6

‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ 22 idaho 52 88 2 17 2 161 illinois 65 16 6 4 27 118 indiana 71 36 11 1 12 131 iowa 49 73 6 8 21 157 Kansas 30 44 2 11 36 123 Kentucky 6 3 2 1 10 22 louisiana 49 11

‐‐ 14 39 113 Maine 72 76 11 7

‐‐ 166 Maryland 21 3 3 7 3 37 Massachusetts 66 23 4 1

‐‐ 94 Michigan 137 143 28 22 14 344 Minnesota 167 170 16 27 6 386 Mississippi 44 15

‐‐ 5 14 78 Missouri 34 8 2

‐‐ 29 73 Montana 97 73 7 12

‐‐ 189 nebraska 45 15 2 6 79 147 nevada 59 28 9 7

‐‐ 103 new Hampshire 35 42 10 2

‐‐ 89 new Jersey 30 9 3 3 12 57 new Mexico 48 47 8 6 1 110 new York 167 162 31 17 7 384 north Carolina 30 19 5 22 12 88 north dakota 115 69 3 4

‐‐ 191 ohio 111 51 11 13 33 219 oklahoma 30 13

‐‐ 5 30 78 oregon 36 47 4 8 1 96 Pennsylvania 52 27 10 8 6 103 rhode island 13 3 4 1

‐‐ 21 South Carolina 14 16 1 5 11 47 South dakota 58 75 2 26 1 162 tennessee 20 7 3 1 11 42 texas 164 63 13 17 14 271 utah 87 83 10 4

‐‐ 184 vermont 27 45 6 8

‐‐ 86 virginia 18 14 2 13 7 54 Washington 96 74 17 12 6 205 West virginia 4 1

‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ 5 Wisconsin 148 145 15 21 3 332 Wyoming 61 70 2 11 2 146

total 3,032 2,288 342 410 519 6,591

1 an undetermined number of operations leased from the Bureau of land Management in alaska are counted as one operation. taBle 9 nuMBer oF ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel oPerationS and ProCeSSinG PlantS in tHe united StateS in 2011, BY State

Mining operations on land

‐‐ Zero.64.12 [ADVANCE RELEA S E ] U .S. GEOLO GI CAL S URVEY MINERAL S YEARB OOK—2011 Quantity Quantity (thousand value unit (thousand value unit State metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value alabama 108 r $1,610 r $14.87 r 52 $852 $16.53 alaska 35 r 673 r 19.03 r 39 606 15.69 arizona 182 r 1,730 r 9.50 r 127 1,300 10.19 arkansas 18 100 5.51 19 212 11.05 California 1,570 r 10,900 r 6.92 r 2,170 15,000 6.91 Colorado 356 r 2,270 r 6.37 r 419 2,880 6.87 Connecticut 102 r 685 r 6.74 r 88 606 6.89 delaware (2) 5 15.29 r (2) 5 15.29 Florida 101 r 1,580 r 15.72 r 244 2,930 12.02 Georgia 112 969 r 8.64 r 286 4,630 16.21 Hawaii

‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ idaho 114 r 708 r 6.19 r 41 257 6.27 illinois 902 r 7,870 r 8.72 r 1,210 8,520 7.03 indiana 198 r 2,070 r 10.46 r 198 1,630 8.27 iowa 107 r 856 r 7.99 r 119 1,110 9.28 Kansas 1,270 r 7,160 r 5.64 r 727 3,750 5.16 Kentucky 65 457 7.00 114 649 5.68 louisiana 136 r 865 r 6.38 r 85 597 7.03 Maine 39 r 520 r 13.49 r 50 622 12.53 Maryland 186 r 943 r 5.07 r 156 1,350 8.66 Massachusetts 167 r 1,310 r 7.85 r 330 2,530 7.67 Michigan 1,040 r 6,730 r 6.45 r 939 5,800 6.18 Minnesota 507 r 4,040 r 7.96 r 776 6,320 8.14 Mississippi 81 1,570 19.45 r 11 37 3.27 Missouri 31 120 3.88 88 589 6.70 Montana 34 r 282 r 8.34 r 25 120 4.84 nebraska 55 r 477 r 8.65 r 101 931 9.17 nevada 72 r 400 r 5.59 r 73 692 9.48 new Hampshire 276 r 3,500 r 12.67 r 168 751 4.48 new Jersey 53 r 312 r 5.85 r 78 559 7.17 new Mexico 78 r 473 r 6.10 r 48 267 5.52 new York 378 r 3,080 r 8.14 r 593 4,690 7.91 north Carolina 698 r 6,400 r 9.16 r 834 7,320 8.78 north dakota 10 r 124 r 12.72 r 41 380 9.35 ohio 222 r 1,300 r 5.85 r 213 1,940 9.11 oklahoma 57 r 628 r 10.96 r 53 600 11.41 oregon 89 r 858 r 9.64 r 85 697 8.21 Pennsylvania 550 r 4,850 r 8.83 r 812 5,480 6.75 rhode island 86 r 599 r 7.00 r 16 155 9.55 South Carolina 219 r 3,680 r 16.84 r 199 3,630 18.22 South dakota 105 r 905 r 8.65 r 113 1,080 9.57 tennessee 94 r 806 r 8.56 r 129 1,680 13.05 texas 259 2,000 7.73 r 208 2,410 11.60 utah 37 238 r 6.47 r 160 1,480 9.28 vermont 50 r 992 r 19.95 r 53 576 10.77 virginia 277 r 2,780 r 10.03 r 302 2,990 9.92 Washington 194 r 1,160 r 5.97 r 255 1,750 6.84 West virginia

‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ 11 34 3.02 Wisconsin 1,410 r 8,440 r 5.97 r 452 2,580 5.70 Wyoming 14 r 77 r 5.53 r 90 544 6.06

u.S. total or average 12,800 r 100,000 r 7.85 r 13,400 106,000 7.92 territory Puerto rico 45 169 r 3.75 r

‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

Grand total or average 12,800 r 100,000 r 7.83 r 13,400 106,000 7.92

2less then 1⁄2 unit. taBle 10 reCYCled aSPHalt ConCrete Sold or uSed BY ProduCerS in tHe united StateS, BY State 1

2010 2011

rrevised. ‐‐ Zero. 1 data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.Sand and Gravel, Con s truc tion—2011 [ADVANCE RELEA S E ] 64.13 Quantity Quantity (thousand value unit (thousand value unit State metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value alabama (2) $1 $8.17 (2) (2) $9.89 alaska 65 r 323 r 4.99 r 112 562 5.02 arizona 122 r 1,060 r 8.76 r 71 640 8.99 arkansas 27 60 2.20 1 7 7.72 California 2,870 r 20,900 7.31 2,800 21,200 7.58 Colorado 582 3,710 6.38 426 2,980 7.00 Connecticut 101 r 737 r 7.33 r 77 533 6.94 delaware 108 598 5.51 1 13 10.99 Florida 304 3,400 11.19 550 2,330 4.23 Georgia 99 2,020 20.34 117 986 8.42 Hawaii 6 70 12.26 r 6 81 13.55 idaho 181 1,090 6.00 18 120 6.61 illinois 836 6,640 r 7.94 r 1,690 13,400 7.93 indiana 114 863 7.54 183 1,420 7.76 iowa 240 1,170 4.88 265 1,470 5.53 Kansas 275 1,870 6.80 317 2,330 7.33 Kentucky

‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ louisiana 39 691 17.75 31 519 16.50 Maine 28 r 214 r 7.59 r 33 227 6.90 Maryland 294 1,330 4.53 323 3,110 9.63 Massachusetts 142 1,250 r 8.78 r 199 1,040 5.23 Michigan 1,210 8,020 r 6.65 r 1,040 7,200 6.93 Minnesota 571 4,250 7.44 731 5,170 7.07 Mississippi 133 1,990 14.96 62 413 6.72 Missouri 37 322 8.75 r 54 393 7.24 Montana 34 282 8.34 25 120 4.84 nebraska 128 1,070 8.38 116 1,340 11.53 nevada 42 255 6.03 r 50 300 6.03 new Hampshire 99 r 381 r 3.84 r 152 825 5.42 new Jersey 195 1,360 6.97 199 1,420 7.15 new Mexico 5 38 7.71 2 13 7.71 new York 250 2,060 r 8.24 r 179 1,740 9.71 north Carolina 222 2,490 11.21 r 261 2,950 11.31 north dakota 6 63 11.39 r 32 327 10.21 ohio 349 2,380 6.81 445 3,540 7.96 oklahoma 87 1,050 12.00 r 84 1,030 12.27 oregon 70 733 10.44 59 452 7.67 Pennsylvania 352 1,740 4.94 350 1,750 5.00 rhode island 84 583 6.91 15 139 9.25 South Carolina 219 3,310 15.07 245 3,510 14.34 South dakota 92 537 5.85 79 667 8.42 tennessee 22 155 r 7.19 r 30 157 5.28 texas 34 273 7.97 r 275 2,280 8.28 utah 280 2,340 8.37 162 1,360 8.37 vermont 4 20 5.38 21 115 5.38 virginia 674 6,000 r 8.91 833 7,210 8.65 Washington 307 1,740 5.66 r 365 2,490 6.81 West virginia

‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ Wisconsin 1,700 r 9,160 5.38 r 589 3,050 5.18 Wyoming 14 77 5.53 90 544 6.06

u.S. total or average 13,600 r 101,000 r 7.38 r 13,800 103,000 7.52 territory Puerto rico

‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

Grand total or average 13,600 r 101,000 r 7.38 r 13,800 103,000 7.52

1 data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown. 2less then 1⁄2 unit. taBle 11 reCYCled Portland CeMent ConCrete Sold or uSed BY ProduCerS in tHe united StateS, BY State 1

2010 2011

rrevised. ‐‐ Zero.64.14 [ADVANCE RELEA S E ] U .S. GEOLO GI CAL S URVEY MINERAL S YEARB OOK—2011 Sand Gravel value, value, Country or territory Quantity f.a.s. 2 Quantity f.a.s. 2 north america:

Bahamas, the 2 334 1 58 British virgin islands 3 50 3 57 Canada 29 3,250 130 2,960 Mexico 65 3,070 (3) 15 other 2 642 16 321

total 101 7,350 150 3,420 South america:

argentina 10 2,650

‐‐ ‐‐ Brazil 2 838 1 45 venezuela 1 159 3 93 other (3) 189 (3) 20

total 13 3,840 4 158 europe:

denmark 7 2,480

‐‐ ‐‐ Germany 4 1,680 46 1,680 netherlands 6 1,840

‐‐ ‐‐ united Kingdom 2 955 1 45 other 2 588 3 109

total 21 7,540 50 1,830 asia:

China 5 1,520

‐‐ ‐‐ Korea, republic of 1 331 1 570 other 2 947 6 241

total 8 2,800 7 811 oceania (3) 25 2 45 Middle east (3) 244 (3) 49 africa (3) 92

‐‐ ‐‐

Grand total 144 21,900 213 6,310

including all charges incurred in placing material alongside ship.
3 less than 1⁄2 unit.

Source: u.S. Census Bureau. taBle 12 u.S. eXPortS oF ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel in 2011, BY CountrY 1

(thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)

‐‐ Zero.
1 data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown. 2Free alongside ship. value of material at u.S. port of export; based on transaction price,Sand and Gravel, Con s truc tion—2011 [ADVANCE RELEA S E ] 64.15 value, value, Country or territory Quantity c.i.f. 2 Quantity c.i.f. 2 antigua and Barbuda 1 16 1 19 australia 7 819 (3) 631 Bahamas, the 181 2,620 98 1,630 Canada 2,190 42,100 2,950 43,100 China 10 2,810 14 2,880 Colombia 8 186 13 181 France 3 800 4 647 Germany 1 576 2 876 Mexico 226 37,000 306 7,510 new Zealand 5 1,490 7 2,240 Peru 4 820 3 765 vietnam 26 2,020 28 2,230 other 14 r 4,570 r 18 2,050

total 2,670 95,900 3,440 64,800

Source: u.S. Census Bureau. rrevised. 1 data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to

2 Cost, insurance, and freight. value of material at u.S. port of entry; based on purchase price and includes all charges (except u.S. import duties) in bringing material from foreign country to alongside carrier.
3 less than 1⁄2 unit. totals shown. taBle 13 u.S. iMPortS For ConSuMPtion oF ConStruCtion Sand and Gravel, BY CountrY 1

(thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)

2010 201164.16 [ADVANCE RELEA S E ] U .S. GEOLO GI CAL S URVEY MINERAL S YEARB OOK—2011 2011 2010 2011 2010 rank rank Company rank rank Company 1 1 oldcastle Materials, inc. 51 73 Strata Corp. 2 4 lehigh Hanson, inc. 52 56 F.S . lopke Contracting, inc. 3 3 vulcan Materials Co. 53 65 Wright Materials, inc. 4 2 CeMeX S.a.B. de C. v. 54 38 irving Materials, inc. 5 6 Bureau of land Management 55

— tiller Corp. 6 5 Mdu resources Group, inc. 56 59 the Heritage Group 7 7 Holcim Group/aggregate industries Management, inc. 57 55 Watson Gravel, inc. 8 8 Martin Marietta aggregates 58 85 Cretex Companies, inc. 9 10 Granite Construction, inc. 59 48 e. r. Jahna industries, inc. 10 9 lafarge north america, inc. 60

— Farden Construction, inc. 11 11 Mitsubishi Materials Corp. 61 67 a. lindberg & Sons, inc. 12 12 trinity industries, inc. 62

— dalrymple Gravel & Construction Co. 13 16 Colas, inc. 63 60 Boral uSa 14 14 Fisher industries 64 50 Clemente Materials, inc. 15 13 CalPortland Co. 65 64 Memphis Stone & Gravel Co. 16 17 a. teichert & Son, inc. 66 35 McMurry ready Mix Co. 17 15 Clyde Cos., inc. 67 76 Southwest rock Products, llC 18 19 edw. C. levy Co. 68 57 Wood resources Corp. 19 22 Fordyce ltd. 69 24 las vegas Paving Corp. 20 45 WM. d. Scepaniak Construction 70

— Bowes Construction, inc. 21 27 Mathy Construction Co. 71

— B. r. amon & Sons, inc. 22 20 nugent Sand Co. 72 62 Simpson Construction Materials, llC 23 18 texas industries, inc. 73 69 Grand rapids Gravel Co. 24 23 lyman‐richey Sand & Gravel Co. 74 77 Hilltop Basic resources, inc. 25 21 Gila river indian Community 75 78 Miller Springs Materials, llC 26 44 Miles Sand & Gravel Co. 76 75 Capital Sand Co., inc. 27 40 Holliday rock Products Corp. 77 100 Higman Sand & Gravel, inc. 28 25 r.e. Janes Gravel Co. 78

— liberty Materials, inc. 29 28 l. G. everist, inc. 79 82 Mark Sand & Gravel Co. 30 30 all american asphalt Co. 80

— o & G industries, inc. 31 29 ash Grove Cement Co. 81 81 Hammett Gravel Co. 32 34 Gernatt dan Gravel Products, inc. 82 88 Chaney enterprises ltd. 33 46 the olen Corp. 83 52 Sundre Sand & Gravel, inc. 34 42 F S t Sand & Gravel, inc. 84 97 Pacific aggregates, inc. 35 36 Summit Materials llC 85

— rasmussen Group, inc. 36 39 u.S. Concrete, inc. 86

— nebco, inc. 37 83 Standard Sand & Silica Co. 87

— Seven Points Sand & Gravel, inc. 38 86 amboy aggregates 88 51 thelen Sand & Gravel, inc. 39

— JMaC resources, inc. 89

— William Mueller & Sons, inc. 40 89 aggregate Construction, inc. 90 91 Wissota Sand & Gravel Co. 41 47 Salt river Pima‐Maricopa indian Community 91 84 roanoke Sand & Gravel Corp. 42 26 York Building Products Co. 92

— Waste Management, inc. 43 37 Southern aggregates llC 93 68 Croell redi‐Mix, inc. 44 63 dolese Bros. Co. 94

— lS Sand & Gravel ltd. 45 41 Central Specialties, inc. 95

— alleyton resource Corp. 46 49 new enterprise Stone & lime Co., inc. 96

— BJ rees’s enterprise 47 53 eucon Corp. 97 93 aggregate resources, inc. 48 32 Multisources ltd. 98

— Hi‐Grade Materials Co. 49 61 Chandler aggregates, inc. 99

— northern improvement Co. 50 43 Mulzer Crushed Stone, inc. 100 96 Baldwin Sand and Gravel, inc. taBle 14 tHe toP 100 ProduCerS oF ConStruCtion Sand & Gravel in tHe united StateS in 2011 1

— not in the top 100 producers of construction sand and gravel in the united States in 2010.
1 in descending order of tonnage produced.