Released: February 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2022.

Table 3.5 Selected Byproducts in Fuel Consumption, 2018;

Level: National Data and Regional Data;

Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Energy Sources;

Unit: Trillion Btu.

Blast Pulping L

NAICS Furnace/Coke Waste Petroleum 

Code(a) Subsector and Industry Total Oven Gases Gas Coke Black L

Total United States

311 Food 12 * 4 0 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 6 0 1 0 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 5 0 * 0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing * 0 * 0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 1 * 10 

3115 Dairy Product * 0 * 0 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 3 0 2 0 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products Q 0 1 0 

3121 Beverages Q 0 10 

3122 Tobacco 0 0 00 

313 Textile Mills * 0 00 

314 Textile Product Mills 0 0 0 0 

315 Apparel 0 0 00 316 Leather and Allied Products 0 0 0 0 

321 Wood Products 229 0 0 0 

321113 Sawmills 110 0 0 0 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 82 0 0 0 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 42 0 0 0 

3219 Other Wood Products 35 0 0 0 

322 Paper 1,184 0 1 15 

322110 Pulp Mills D 0 * * 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 358 0 * 14 322122 Newsprint Mills 12 0 0 0 322130 Paperboard Mills 568 0 * * 

323 Printing and Related Support 0 0 0 0 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 1,959 13 1,394 550 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 1,930 0 1,392 538 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 2 0 0 0 
324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials * 0 0 0 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 0 0 0 0 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 27 13 2 12 

325 Chemicals 418 0 402 Q 

325110 Petrochemicals 159 0 156 0 

325120 Industrial Gases 2 0 2 0 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals Q 0 Q 0 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 3 0 20 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 6 0 2 0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 130 0 126 0 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 70 0 69 0 

325212 Synthetic Rubber * 0 * 0 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments * 0 0 0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 1 0 1 0 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0 0 0 0 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 1 0 * 0 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation * 0 * 0 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals * 0 * 0 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 0 0 0 0 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 90 0 * 79 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 1 0 * * 

327211 Flat Glass 0 0 00 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 0 0 0 0 

327213 Glass Containers 0 0 0 0 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 0 0 0 0 

327310 Cements 71 0 0 62 327410 Lime 17 0 * 16 327420 Gypsum 0 0 00 

327993 Mineral Wool 0 0 0 0 

331 Primary Metals 187 182 3 1 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 186 182 3 1 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 0 0 0 0 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0 0 0 0 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 0 0 0 0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0 0 0 0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 0 0 0 0 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 1 0 0 * 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 1 0 0 * 

3315 Foundries * 0 *0 

331511 Iron Foundries 0 0 0 0 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 0 0 0 0 
331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 0 0 0 0 

332 Fabricated Metal Products * 0 0 0 

333 Machinery Q 0 *0 

334 Computer and Electronic Products 0 0 0 0 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 0 0 0 0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 0 0 0 0 

336 Transportation Equipment 1 0 1 0 

336111 Automobiles * 0 * 0 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 1 0 1 0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts * 0 * 0 

336411 Aircraft 0 0 00 

337 Furniture and Related Products 5 0 0 0 

339 Miscellaneous 0 0 0 0 

Total 4,098 195 1,806 647 

Northeast Census Region

311 Food * * *0 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 0 0 0 0 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0 0 0 0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0 0 0 0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food * * 00 

3115 Dairy Product * 0 * 0 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing * 0 * 0 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 0 0 0 0 

3121 Beverages 0 0 00 

3122 Tobacco 0 0 00 

313 Textile Mills 0 0 00 314 Textile Product Mills 0 0 0 0 

315 Apparel 0 0 00 316 Leather and Allied Products 0 0 0 0 321 Wood Products 39 0 0 0 

321113 Sawmills 6 0 00 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 27 0 0 0 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 15 0 0 0 

3219 Other Wood Products Q 0 0 0 

322 Paper 75 0 0 2 

322110 Pulp Mills D 0 00 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 47 0 0 2 322122 Newsprint Mills 0 0 0 0 322130 Paperboard Mills 0 0 0 0 

323 Printing and Related Support 0 0 0 0 
324 Petroleum and Coal Products 96 3 59 34 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 93 0 59 34 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block * 0 0 0 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 0 0 0 0 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 0 0 0 0 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 3 3 0 0 

325 Chemicals 1 0 *0 

325110 Petrochemicals * 0 * 0 

325120 Industrial Gases 0 0 0 0 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 0 0 0 0 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 0 0 00 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0 0 0 0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals * 0 0 0 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins * 0 * 0 325212 Synthetic Rubber 0 0 0 0 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments * 0 0 0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers * 0 0 0 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0 0 0 0 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 0 0 0 0 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 0 0 0 0 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals * 0 * 0 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 0 0 0 0 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 4 0 * 4 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories * 0 * * 

327211 Flat Glass 0 0 00 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 0 0 0 0 

327213 Glass Containers 0 0 0 0 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 0 0 0 0 

327310 Cements 4 0 04 

327410 Lime * 0 0* 327420 Gypsum 0 0 00 

327993 Mineral Wool 0 0 0 0 

331 Primary Metals 60 60 0 0 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 60 60 0 0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 0 0 0 0 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0 0 0 0 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 0 0 0 0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0 0 0 0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 0 0 0 0 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum * 0 0 0 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0 0 0 0 
3315 Foundries 0 0 00 

331511 Iron Foundries 0 0 0 0 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 0 0 0 0 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 0 0 0 0 

332 Fabricated Metal Products * 0 0 0 

333 Machinery 0 0 00 

334 Computer and Electronic Products 0 0 0 0 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 0 0 0 0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 0 0 0 0 

336 Transportation Equipment 0 0 0 0 

336111 Automobiles 0 0 0 0 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0 0 0 0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 0 0 0 0 

336411 Aircraft 0 0 00 

337 Furniture and Related Products * 0 0 0 

339 Miscellaneous 0 0 0 0 

Total 275 63 60 39 

Midwest Census Region

311 Food 2 0 20 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 1 0 * 0 

311221 Wet Corn Milling * 0 * 0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing * 0 * 0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food * 0 *0 

3115 Dairy Product 0 0 0 0 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 1 0 1 0 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products Q 0 * 0 

3121 Beverages Q 0 *0 

3122 Tobacco 0 0 00 

313 Textile Mills 0 0 00 314 Textile Product Mills 0 0 0 0 

315 Apparel 0 0 00 

316 Leather and Allied Products 0 0 0 0 

321 Wood Products 13 0 0 0 

321113 Sawmills 4 0 00 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 6 0 0 0 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 3 0 0 0 

3219 Other Wood Products 4 0 0 0 

322 Paper 89 0 * 4 

322110 Pulp Mills * 0 *0 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 81 0 * 4 
322122 Newsprint Mills 0 0 0 0 

322130 Paperboard Mills 8 0 * 0 

323 Printing and Related Support 0 0 0 0 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 319 8 228 83 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 311 0 228 83 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block * 0 0 0 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials * 0 0 0 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 0 0 0 0 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 8 8 0 0 

325 Chemicals 8 0 70 

325110 Petrochemicals 0 0 0 0 

325120 Industrial Gases 0 0 0 0 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals * 0 * 0 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 3 0 20 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0 0 0 0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals * 0 * 0 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 4 0 4 0 

325212 Synthetic Rubber * 0 * 0 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0 0 0 0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers * 0 * 0 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0 0 0 0 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines * 0 * 0 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation * 0 * 0 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0 0 0 0 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 0 0 0 0 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 35 0 * 31 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 0 0 0 0 327211 Flat Glass 0 0 00 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 0 0 0 0 

327213 Glass Containers 0 0 0 0 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 0 0 0 0 

327310 Cements 29 0 0 25 327410 Lime 7 0 *7 

327420 Gypsum 0 0 00 

327993 Mineral Wool 0 0 0 0 

331 Primary Metals 121 117 3 1 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 121 117 3 1 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 0 0 0 0 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0 0 0 0 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 0 0 0 0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0 0 0 0 
331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 0 0 0 0 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 0 0 0 0 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0 0 0 0 

3315 Foundries * 0 *0 

331511 Iron Foundries 0 0 0 0 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 0 0 0 0 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 0 0 0 0 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 0 0 0 0 

333 Machinery 0 0 00 

334 Computer and Electronic Products 0 0 0 0 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 0 0 0 0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 0 0 0 0 

336 Transportation Equipment 1 0 1 0 

336111 Automobiles * 0 * 0 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 1 0 1 0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts * 0 * 0 

336411 Aircraft 0 0 00 

337 Furniture and Related Products Q 0 0 0 

339 Miscellaneous 0 0 0 0 

Total 605 125 241 119 

South Census Region

311 Food 8 0 20 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 6 0 1 0 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 5 0 0 0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0 0 0 0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food * 0 *0 

3115 Dairy Product 0 0 0 0 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing Q 0 1 0 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 1 0 1 0 

3121 Beverages 1 0 10 

3122 Tobacco 0 0 00 

313 Textile Mills * 0 00 

314 Textile Product Mills 0 0 0 0 

315 Apparel 0 0 00 

316 Leather and Allied Products 0 0 0 0 

321 Wood Products 127 0 0 0 

321113 Sawmills 64 0 0 0 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 37 0 0 0 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 20 0 0 0 

3219 Other Wood Products 24 0 0 0 
322 Paper 944 0 1 9 

322110 Pulp Mills 209 0 * * 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 211 0 * 9 322122 Newsprint Mills 12 0 0 0 322130 Paperboard Mills 510 0 0 * 

323 Printing and Related Support 0 0 0 0 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 1,019 1 719 298 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 1,007 0 717 290 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block * 0 0 0 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 0 0 0 0 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 0 0 0 0 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 11 1 2 8 

325 Chemicals 405 0 391 Q 

325110 Petrochemicals 159 0 156 0 

325120 Industrial Gases 2 0 2 0 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals Q 0 Q 0 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 0 0 00 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 5 0 2 0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 130 0 126 0 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 66 0 65 0 325212 Synthetic Rubber 0 0 0 0 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0 0 0 0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 1 0 1 0 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0 0 0 0 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 1 0 * 0 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation * 0 * 0 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0 0 0 0 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 0 0 0 0 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 35 0 * 29 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 1 0 * 0 327211 Flat Glass 0 0 00 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 0 0 0 0 

327213 Glass Containers 0 0 0 0 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 0 0 0 0 

327310 Cements 27 0 0 23 

327410 Lime 6 0 06 

327420 Gypsum 0 0 00 

327993 Mineral Wool 0 0 0 0 

331 Primary Metals 7 5 0 * 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 5 5 0 * 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 0 0 0 0 
3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0 0 0 0 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 0 0 0 0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0 0 0 0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 0 0 0 0 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 1 0 0 0 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 1 0 0 0 

3315 Foundries 0 0 00 

331511 Iron Foundries 0 0 0 0 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 0 0 0 0 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 0 0 0 0 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 0 0 0 0 

333 Machinery * 0 00 

334 Computer and Electronic Products 0 0 0 0 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 0 0 0 0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 0 0 0 0 

336 Transportation Equipment * 0 * 0 

336111 Automobiles * 0 * 0 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0 0 0 0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 0 0 0 0 

336411 Aircraft 0 0 00 

337 Furniture and Related Products Q 0 0 0 

339 Miscellaneous 0 0 0 0 

Total 2,548 7 1,113 339 

West Census Region

311 Food Q 0 10 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling * 0 * 0 

311221 Wet Corn Milling * 0 * 0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0 0 0 0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food * 0 *0 

3115 Dairy Product * 0 * 0 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing * 0 * 0 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products * 0 * 0 

3121 Beverages * 0 *0 

3122 Tobacco 0 0 00 

313 Textile Mills 0 0 00 314 Textile Product Mills 0 0 0 0 

315 Apparel 0 0 00 316 Leather and Allied Products 0 0 0 0 

321 Wood Products 49 0 0 0 

321113 Sawmills 36 0 0 0 
3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 13 0 0 0 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 4 0 0 0 

3219 Other Wood Products 0 0 0 0 

322 Paper 75 0 0 0 

322110 Pulp Mills 6 0 00 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 18 0 0 0 322122 Newsprint Mills * 0 0 0 322130 Paperboard Mills 51 0 0 0 

323 Printing and Related Support 0 0 0 0 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 525 0 388 135 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 519 0 388 131 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block Q 0 0 0 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 0 0 0 0 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 0 0 0 0 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 4 0 0 4 

325 Chemicals 4 0 30 

325110 Petrochemicals 0 0 0 0 

325120 Industrial Gases 0 0 0 0 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 3 0 3 0 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 0 0 00 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals * 0 0 0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals * 0 * 0 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins * 0 * 0 325212 Synthetic Rubber 0 0 0 0 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0 0 0 0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 0 0 0 0 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0 0 0 0 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines * 0 * 0 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 0 0 0 0 

325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0 0 0 0 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 0 0 0 0 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 15 0 0 15 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 0 0 0 0 

327211 Flat Glass 0 0 00 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 0 0 0 0 

327213 Glass Containers 0 0 0 0 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 0 0 0 0 

327310 Cements 12 0 0 11 327410 Lime 3 0 03 

327420 Gypsum 0 0 00 

327993 Mineral Wool 0 0 0 0 
331 Primary Metals * 0 0 * 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0 0 0 0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 0 0 0 0 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0 0 0 0 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 0 0 0 0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0 0 0 0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 0 0 0 0 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum * 0 0 * 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining * 0 0 * 

3315 Foundries 0 0 00 

331511 Iron Foundries 0 0 0 0 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 0 0 0 0 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 0 0 0 0 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 0 0 0 0 

333 Machinery * 0 *0 334 Computer and Electronic Products 0 0 0 0 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 0 0 0 0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 0 0 0 0 

336 Transportation Equipment * 0 * 0 

336111 Automobiles 0 0 0 0 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0 0 0 0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts * 0 * 0 

336411 Aircraft 0 0 00 

337 Furniture and Related Products 0 0 0 0 

339 Miscellaneous 0 0 0 0 

Total 670 0 393 150 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) Net Electricity is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and tr

electricity inputs from onsite cogeneration or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been included as generating fuel (for exam

(c) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.

(d) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, ga

marketing subsidiaries of utilities.

(e) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐butane mi

refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).

(f) Other includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was use

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.

NA=Not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The estimates presented in this table are for the total consumption of 

energy) for the production of heat, power, and electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produced. Specifically, the estimates include the q

produced offsite and purchased by or transferred to the establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy or input materials not class

captive (onsite) mines or wells During manufacturing processes it is possible that the thermal energy content of an energy input is not completely consume
captive (onsite) mines or wells. During manufacturing processes, it is possible that the thermal energy content of an energy input is not completely consume

electricity generation. Hence, residuals of that input may remain. Those residual leftovers may be subsequently consumed for fuel purposes, whether onsite 

establishment (for example, blast furnace gas as a byproduct recovered from coke and other inputs that were not completely consumed). In such cases, dou

avoided, and the Fuel Consumption estimates will be inflated.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumptio

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practic

260).
Released: February 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2022.

RSE Table 3.5 Relative Standard Errors for Table 3.5;

Unit: Percents.

Blast Pulpi

NAICS Furnace/Coke Waste Petroleum 

Code(a) Subsector and Industry Total Oven Gases Gas Coke Bla

Total United States

311 Food 11.6 82.9 3.9 X 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 2.1 X 12.1 X 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 X 0.0 X 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 X 0.0 X 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 3.1 82.9 3.1 X 

3115 Dairy Product 0.0 X 0.0 X 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 29.0 X 5.2 X 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 86.0 X 0.0 X 

3121 Beverages 86.0 X 0.0 X 3122 Tobacco X X XX 

313 Textile Mills 82.3 X X X 

314 Textile Product Mills X X X X 

315 Apparel X X XX 316 Leather and Allied Products X X X X 321 Wood Products 5.1 X X X 

321113 Sawmills 1.3 X X X 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 1.5 X X X 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.1 X X X 

3219 Other Wood Products 33.4 X X X 

322 Paper 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

322110 Pulp Mills D X 0.0 0.0 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 X X X 

322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

323 Printing and Related Support X X X X 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 45.2 X X X 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 0.0 X X X 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products X X X X 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
325 Chemicals 6.9 X 7.1 53.6 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325120 Industrial Gases 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 75.5 X 75.5 X 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 12.9 X 20.1 X 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 0.2 X 0.3 X 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 2.2 X 2.2 X 

325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 X X X 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers X X X X 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 0.1 X 0.1 X 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 0.0 X 0.0 X 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0.0 X 0.0 X 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products X X X X 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 1.1 X 0.0 0.0 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 33.2 X 0.0 0.0 327211 Flat Glass X X XX 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware X X X X 

327213 Glass Containers X X XX 

327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass X X X X 

327310 Cements 0.0 X X 0.0 

327410 Lime 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

327420 Gypsum X X XX 

327993 Mineral Wool X X XX 

331 Primary Metals 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel X X X X 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum X X X X 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum X X X X 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils X X X X 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding X X X X 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 0.0 X X 0.0 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0.0 X X 0.0 

3315 Foundries 0.0 X 0.0 X 

331511 Iron Foundries X X XX 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries X X X X 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting X X X X 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 99.5 X X X 

333 Machinery 82.4 X 91.3 X 

334 Computer and Electronic Products X X X X 
334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices X X X X 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components X X X X 

336 Transportation Equipment 0.0 X 0.0 X 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 X 0.0 X 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 X 0.0 X 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 0.0 X 0.0 X 

336411 Aircraft X X XX 

337 Furniture and Related Products 50.0 X X X 

339 Miscellaneous X X XX 

Total 0.8 0.1 1.6 0.2 

Northeast Census Region

311 Food 0.1 82.9 0.0 X 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling X X X X 

311221 Wet Corn Milling X X XX 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing X X XX 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 82.9 82.9 X X 

3115 Dairy Product 0.0 X 0.0 X 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 0.0 X 0.0 X 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products X X X X 

3121 Beverages X X XX 

3122 Tobacco X X XX 

313 Textile Mills X X XX 

314 Textile Product Mills X X X X 

315 Apparel X X XX 316 Leather and Allied Products X X X X 321 Wood Products 10.3 X X X 

321113 Sawmills 1.4 X X X 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 0.1 X X X 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.0 X X X 

3219 Other Wood Products 60.4 X X X 

322 Paper 0.0 X X 0.0 

322110 Pulp Mills D X X X 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 X X 0.0 

322122 Newsprint Mills X X XX 

322130 Paperboard Mills X X XX 

323 Printing and Related Support X X X X 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 0.0 X X X 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials X X X X 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products X X X X 
324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 0.0 X X 

325 Chemicals 12.7 X 17.6 X 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325120 Industrial Gases X X XX 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals X X X X 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol X X XX 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals X X X X 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 0.0 X X X 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325212 Synthetic Rubber X X XX 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 X X X 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 0.0 X X X 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers X X X X 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines X X X X 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation X X X X 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0.0 X 0.0 X 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products X X X X 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 1.0 X 0.0 0.0 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 327211 Flat Glass X X XX 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware X X X X 

327213 Glass Containers X X XX 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass X X X X 

327310 Cements 0.0 X X 0.0 

327410 Lime 0.0 X X 0.0 

327420 Gypsum X X XX 

327993 Mineral Wool X X XX 

331 Primary Metals 0.0 0.0 X X 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 X X 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel X X X X 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum X X X X 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum X X X X 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils X X X X 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding X X X X 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 0.0 X X X 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining X X XX 

3315 Foundries X X XX 

331511 Iron Foundries X X XX 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries X X X X 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting X X X X 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 99.5 X X X 

333 Machinery X X XX 
334 Computer and Electronic Products X X X X 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices X X X X 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components X X X X 

336 Transportation Equipment X X X X 

336111 Automobiles X X XX 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles X X X X 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts X X X X 

336411 Aircraft X X XX 

337 Furniture and Related Products 73.5 X X X 

339 Miscellaneous X X XX 

Total 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 

Midwest Census Region

311 Food 6.7 X 7.7 X 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 21.7 X 37.8 X 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 X 0.0 X 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 X 0.0 X 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 9.1 X 9.1 X 

3115 Dairy Product X X XX 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 3.4 X 3.4 X 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 97.0 X 0.0 X 

3121 Beverages 97.0 X 0.0 X 3122 Tobacco X X XX 

313 Textile Mills X X XX 

314 Textile Product Mills X X X X 

315 Apparel X X XX 316 Leather and Allied Products X X X X 321 Wood Products 14.6 X X X 

321113 Sawmills 3.5 X X X 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 20.6 X X X 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.3 X X X 

3219 Other Wood Products 40.8 X X X 

322 Paper 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 X 0.0 X 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

322122 Newsprint Mills X X XX 

322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 X 0.0 X 

323 Printing and Related Support X X X X 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 53.4 X X X 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 0.0 X X X 
324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products X X X X 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 0.0 X X 

325 Chemicals 4.6 X 5.8 X 

325110 Petrochemicals X X XX 

325120 Industrial Gases X X XX 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 12.9 X 20.1 X 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals X X X X 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments X X X X 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers X X X X 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 0.0 X 0.0 X 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals X X X X 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products X X X X 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories X X X X 327211 Flat Glass X X XX 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware X X X X 

327213 Glass Containers X X XX 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass X X X X 

327310 Cements 0.0 X X 0.0 

327410 Lime 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

327420 Gypsum X X XX 

327993 Mineral Wool X X XX 

331 Primary Metals 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel X X X X 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum X X X X 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum X X X X 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils X X X X 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding X X X X 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum X X X X 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining X X XX 

3315 Foundries 0.0 X 0.0 X 

331511 Iron Foundries X X XX 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries X X X X 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting X X X X 

332 Fabricated Metal Products X X X X 
333 Machinery X X XX 

334 Computer and Electronic Products X X X X 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices X X X X 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components X X X X 

336 Transportation Equipment 0.0 X 0.0 X 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 X 0.0 X 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 X 0.0 X 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 0.0 X 0.0 X 

336411 Aircraft X X XX 

337 Furniture and Related Products 72.5 X X X 

339 Miscellaneous X X XX 

Total 1.9 0.0 0.2 0.0 

South Census Region

311 Food 11.2 X 6.0 X 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 0.0 X 0.0 X 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 X X X 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing X X XX 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 0.5 X 0.0 X 

3115 Dairy Product X X XX 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 53.9 X 15.3 X 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 0.0 X 0.0 X 

3121 Beverages 0.0 X 0.0 X 3122 Tobacco X X XX 

313 Textile Mills 82.3 X X X 

314 Textile Product Mills X X X X 

315 Apparel X X XX 316 Leather and Allied Products X X X X 321 Wood Products 8.6 X X X 

321113 Sawmills 2.2 X X X 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 0.7 X X X 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.0 X X X 

3219 Other Wood Products 44.4 X X X 

322 Paper 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 X X X 

322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 X X 0.0 

323 Printing and Related Support X X X X 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 8.3 X X X 
324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials X X X X 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products X X X X 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325 Chemicals 7.1 X 7.3 53.6 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325120 Industrial Gases 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 82.3 X 82.3 X 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol X X XX 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 0.2 X 0.3 X 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 2.3 X 2.3 X 

325212 Synthetic Rubber X X XX 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments X X X X 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 0.0 X 0.0 X 325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers X X X X 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 0.0 X 0.0 X 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals X X X X 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products X X X X 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 2.9 X 0.0 0.0 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 37.6 X 0.0 X 327211 Flat Glass X X XX 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware X X X X 

327213 Glass Containers X X XX 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass X X X X 

327310 Cements 0.0 X X 0.0 

327410 Lime 0.0 X X 0.0 

327420 Gypsum X X XX 

327993 Mineral Wool X X XX 

331 Primary Metals 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel X X X X 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum X X X X 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum X X X X 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils X X X X 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding X X X X 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 0.0 X X X 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0.0 X X X 

3315 Foundries X X XX 

331511 Iron Foundries X X XX 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries X X X X 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting X X X X 
332 Fabricated Metal Products X X X X 

333 Machinery 97.6 X X X 

334 Computer and Electronic Products X X X X 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices X X X X 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components X X X X 

336 Transportation Equipment 0.0 X 0.0 X 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 X 0.0 X 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles X X X X 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts X X X X 

336411 Aircraft X X XX 

337 Furniture and Related Products 62.0 X X X 

339 Miscellaneous X X XX 

Total 1.2 0.0 2.6 0.4 

West Census Region

311 Food 61.7 X 0.0 X 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 0.0 X 0.0 X 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 X 0.0 X 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing X X XX 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 0.0 X 0.0 X 

3115 Dairy Product 0.0 X 0.0 X 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 0.0 X 0.0 X 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 3.6 X 0.0 X 

3121 Beverages 3.6 X 0.0 X 3122 Tobacco X X XX 

313 Textile Mills X X XX 

314 Textile Product Mills X X X X 

315 Apparel X X XX 316 Leather and Allied Products X X X X 321 Wood Products 0.3 X X X 

321113 Sawmills 0.4 X X X 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 0.5 X X X 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.0 X X X 

3219 Other Wood Products X X X X 

322 Paper 0.0 X X X 

322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 X X X 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 X X X 

322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 X X X 

322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 X X X 

323 Printing and Related Support X X X X 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 0.2 X 0.0 0.0 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 
324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 58.3 X X X 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials X X X X 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products X X X X 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 X X 0.0 

325 Chemicals 4.1 X 4.6 X 

325110 Petrochemicals X X XX 

325120 Industrial Gases X X XX 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 5.1 X 5.1 X 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol X X XX 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 X X X 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 0.0 X 0.0 X 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 6.7 X 6.7 X 

325212 Synthetic Rubber X X XX 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments X X X X 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers X X X X 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers X X X X 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 96.4 X 96.4 X 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation X X X X 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals X X X X 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products X X X X 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 0.0 X X 0.0 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories X X X X 

327211 Flat Glass X X XX 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware X X X X 

327213 Glass Containers X X XX 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass X X X X 

327310 Cements 0.0 X X 0.0 

327410 Lime 0.0 X X 0.0 

327420 Gypsum X X XX 

327993 Mineral Wool X X XX 

331 Primary Metals 0.0 X X 0.0 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys X X X X 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel X X X X 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum X X X X 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum X X X X 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils X X X X 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding X X X X 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 0.0 X X 0.0 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0.0 X X 0.0 

3315 Foundries X X XX 

331511 Iron Foundries X X XX 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries X X X X 
331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting X X X X 

332 Fabricated Metal Products X X X X 

333 Machinery 91.3 X 91.3 X 

334 Computer and Electronic Products X X X X 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices X X X X 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components X X X X 

336 Transportation Equipment 0.0 X 0.0 X 

336111 Automobiles X X XX 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles X X X X 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 0.0 X 0.0 X 

336411 Aircraft X X XX 

337 Furniture and Related Products X X X X 

339 Miscellaneous X X XX 

Total 0.2 X 0.1 0.0 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) Net Electricity is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferr

inputs from onsite cogeneration or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been included as generating fuel (for example, coal).

(c) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.

(d) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, gas broke

subsidiaries of utilities.

(e) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐butane mixtures, 

or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).

(f) Other includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to pro

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.

X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a data table value of zero.NA=Not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The estimates presented in this table are for the total consumption of energy 

the production of heat, power, and electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produced. Specifically, the estimates include the quantities of energy 

and purchased by or transferred to the establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy or input materials not classified as energy, or were 

or wells. During manufacturing processes, it is possible that the thermal energy content of an energy input is not completely consumed for the production of heat, Hence, residuals of that input may remain. Those residual leftovers may be subsequently consumed for fuel purposes, whether onsite or offsite at another manufac

blast furnace gas as a byproduct recovered from coke and other inputs that were not completely consumed). In such cases, double counting of inputs cannot be avo

estimates will be inflated.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Surv

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices appl