Total 

Floorspacea

Heated 

Floorspaceb

Total 

Floorspacea

Cooled 

Floorspaceb

Total 

Floorspacea

Lit 

Floorspaceb

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 61,602 53,812 58,474 42,420 64,085 54,696

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 5,684 5,055 4,879 3,958 5,859 4,877

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 7,090 5,744 6,212 4,333 7,421 5,583

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 9,865 8,196 9,530 6,195 10,358 8,251

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 8,565 7,439 8,116 5,767 8,986 7,528

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 9,597 8,676 9,401 6,817 9,970 8,753

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 7,893 7,144 7,609 5,832 8,183 7,537

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 6,445 5,757 6,345 4,421 6,706 6,068

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 6,465 5,803 6,382 5,098 6,603 6,100

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 8,612 8,294 7,973 5,341 8,639 7,918

Food Sales .................................................. 994 880 760 978 789 992 852

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 1,721 1,520 1,760 1,431 1,848 1,450

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 2,918 2,722 2,815 2,530 2,918 2,702

 Inpatient ..................................................... 1,865 1,865 1,740 1,762 1,580 1,865 1,757

 Outpatient .................................................. 1,053 1,053 983 1,053 949 1,053 945

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 4,424 4,028 4,051 3,520 4,476 3,610

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 9,848 8,629 10,174 8,247 10,341 9,038

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 4,766 4,615 3,806 4,573 3,125 4,713 3,973

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 5,631 5,233 4,823 5,601 5,122 5,628 5,065

Office ........................................................... 12,044 11,810 11,001 11,782 10,437 12,037 10,855

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 4,015 3,667 3,859 3,183 4,290 3,518

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 1,021 952 760 573 1,006 914

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 3,383 3,154 2,765 2,127 3,405 2,543

Service ........................................................ 3,388 3,027 2,594 2,481 1,239 3,336 2,785

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 8,104 4,930 7,621 1,982 9,266 7,329

Other ............................................................ 1,222 1,086 981 1,087 791 1,176 1,052

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 754 579 368 228 355 129

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 3,593 3,045 2,911 1,762 3,548 2,571

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 5,559 4,714 4,383 2,622 5,855 4,543

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 8,402 7,157 7,601 4,872 8,506 6,918

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 9,966 8,851 9,325 6,913 10,479 9,050

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 10,916 9,441 11,050 8,364 11,556 10,057

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 12,566 11,254 12,849 10,085 13,272 11,871

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 10,600 9,349 10,355 7,802 10,869 9,686

Floors

One .............................................................. 26,800 23,078 19,623 21,856 15,431 24,863 21,574

Two .............................................................. 16,985 15,933 13,569 15,192 10,486 16,352 13,418

Three ........................................................... 8,928 8,487 7,675 7,959 5,326 8,619 6,925

Four to Nine ................................................. 10,180 9,753 9,001 9,208 7,416 9,866 8,671

Ten or More ................................................. 4,445 4,351 3,943 4,259 3,761 4,386 4,108

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 11,667 10,574 10,311 6,656 11,778 10,074

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 15,916 14,321 14,371 9,447 15,968 13,380

South ........................................................... 23,485 20,598 17,868 21,549 17,183 22,222 19,254

West ............................................................ 14,731 13,421 11,049 12,243 9,133 14,117 11,989

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................................ 5,890 5,669 5,096 4,804 2,815 5,634 4,655

 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................................... 17,083 16,206 14,883 14,289 9,655 16,398 13,935

 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................................... 16,243 15,292 13,492 13,999 9,830 15,438 13,256

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 16,333 14,923 12,492 14,535 11,601 15,428 13,374

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 11,788 9,512 7,850 10,847 8,519 11,187 9,476

Table B31. Heated, Cooled, and Lit Buildings, Floorspace, 1999

Heated Buildings Cooled Buildings Lit Buildingsc

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 96
Total 

Floorspacea

Heated 

Floorspaceb

Total 

Floorspacea

Cooled 

Floorspaceb

Total 

Floorspacea

Lit 

Floorspaceb

Table B31. Heated, Cooled, and Lit Buildings, Floorspace, 1999

Heated Buildings Cooled Buildings Lit Buildingsc

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 10,552 8,307 8,704 5,791 11,225 7,855

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 6,020 4,829 5,291 3,322 6,251 4,825

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 7,762 6,543 7,409 4,791 7,945 6,454

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 10,347 9,297 9,930 6,988 10,814 9,549

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 8,536 7,711 8,519 6,345 8,898 8,128

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 8,053 7,597 8,129 6,158 8,356 7,789

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 10,333 9,528 10,491 9,026 10,595 10,097

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 4,217 3,660 3,113 2,406 3,855 3,096

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 12,090 9,874 11,041 7,203 13,061 10,325

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 13,677 11,855 13,225 9,068 14,170 12,070

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 11,787 10,474 11,701 8,870 12,312 10,831

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 8,399 7,480 8,528 6,079 8,905 7,971

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 11,432 10,469 10,866 8,794 11,784 10,402

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 953 QQQQN N

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 956 522 375 212 95 355 129

Partially Vacant ............................................ 15,520 13,856 11,851 13,797 10,745 14,616 12,297

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 49,910 46,992 41,382 44,309 31,446 49,114 42,270

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 61,565 53,800 58,474 42,420 64,085 54,696

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 44,385 39,168 42,147 30,553 44,877 38,486

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 13,074 11,792 12,185 8,821 13,192 11,786

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 5,862 5,571 5,165 4,370 5,891 5,348

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,739 2,646 2,750 2,522 2,750 2,523

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 6,076 5,068 5,415 3,359 6,255 5,288

Other ............................................................ 2,322 2,276 1,996 2,069 1,438 2,292 2,015

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 32,291 32,291 27,585 30,961 23,462 31,953 27,516

Natural Gas ................................................. 37,902 37,893 33,395 35,080 24,720 37,436 32,042

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 5,611 5,611 5,042 4,638 2,618 5,518 4,746

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 5,534 5,330 4,844 4,119 5,534 5,074

Propane ....................................................... 2,728 2,728 2,284 2,191 1,542 2,692 2,193

Other ............................................................ 945 945 798 779 516 936 767

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity ..................................................... 17,627 17,627 14,742 17,160 13,699 17,444 14,990

Natural Gas ................................................. 32,729 32,729 28,846 30,003 20,630 32,288 27,652

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 3,719 3,719 3,278 2,912 1,514 3,635 3,043

District Heat ................................................. 5,077 5,077 4,887 4,392 3,733 5,077 4,661

Propane ....................................................... 2,107 2,107 1,772 1,631 1,183 2,072 1,698

Other ............................................................ 343 343 286 263 146 335 252

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 55,545 53,459 46,741 55,545 39,881 55,007 47,392

Natural Gas ................................................. 1,914 1,898 1,719 1,914 1,485 1,914 1,644

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,739 2,646 2,750 2,522 2,750 2,523

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 97
Total 

Floorspacea

Heated 

Floorspaceb

Total 

Floorspacea

Cooled 

Floorspaceb

Total 

Floorspacea

Lit 

Floorspaceb

Table B31. Heated, Cooled, and Lit Buildings, Floorspace, 1999

Heated Buildings Cooled Buildings Lit Buildingsc

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 61,602 53,812 56,361 40,905 60,850 52,296

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 56,361 49,482 58,474 42,420 57,936 50,055

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 54,204 48,070 52,589 38,844 55,586 48,125

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 23,813 22,090 23,730 19,070 24,647 21,920

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 3,031 2,250 2,861 1,338 3,069 2,750

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 11,643 10,702 11,538 9,415 11,857 10,840

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 5,736 N N 2,113 1,514 3,235 2,400

1 to 50 .......................................................... 7,593 7,593 2,009 6,619 2,220 7,361 5,091

51 to 99 ........................................................ 10,745 10,745 8,538 9,939 7,067 10,725 8,796

100 ............................................................... 43,264 43,264 43,264 39,802 31,618 42,764 38,409

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 8,864 5,242 4,330 N N 6,149 4,641

1 to 50 .......................................................... 16,846 16,193 11,547 16,846 3,975 16,693 13,033

51 to 99 ........................................................ 16,966 16,637 14,935 16,966 13,783 16,930 14,678

100 ............................................................... 24,662 23,531 23,000 24,662 24,662 24,314 22,344

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 173 QQQQN N

1 to 50 .......................................................... 9,187 8,175 5,728 7,379 3,853 9,187 3,267

51 to 99 ........................................................ 20,665 19,950 17,807 19,348 14,402 20,665 17,195

100 ............................................................... 34,233 32,725 29,701 31,209 23,763 34,233 34,233

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 3,080 679 515 472 369 N N

Percent Lit When Closed

Zero ............................................................. 20,771 18,394 15,115 16,581 10,754 19,428 15,591

1 to 50 .......................................................... 30,950 29,724 26,410 28,964 21,215 30,723 26,740

51 to 100 ...................................................... 2,160 2,015 1,806 2,064 1,657 2,151 1,963

Building Never Closed/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 13,457 11,469 10,481 10,866 8,794 11,784 10,402

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 8,923 8,923 7,819 8,766 7,104 8,870 7,803

Furnaces ...................................................... 14,449 14,449 11,825 12,819 7,866 14,304 11,385

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 17,349 17,349 14,759 15,708 10,273 17,129 14,722

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 5,534 5,330 4,844 4,119 5,534 5,074

Boilers ......................................................... 19,522 19,522 18,039 17,947 12,574 19,431 17,008

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 25,743 25,743 22,846 25,134 19,505 25,512 22,714

Other ............................................................ 4,073 4,073 3,469 3,592 2,702 3,951 3,453

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 8,329 8,010 6,610 8,329 5,473 8,265 6,712

Heat Pumps ................................................. 9,147 9,052 7,986 9,147 7,321 9,120 8,032

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 14,276 13,754 11,898 14,276 8,142 14,055 11,626

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,739 2,646 2,750 2,522 2,750 2,523

Central Chillers ............................................ 12,909 12,560 11,667 12,909 11,235 12,857 11,898

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 36,527 35,247 31,221 36,527 27,481 36,161 31,889

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 2,219 2,190 1,877 2,219 1,495 2,218 1,955

Other ............................................................ 1,312 1,257 1,086 1,312 1,061 1,308 1,191

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 98
Total 

Floorspacea

Heated 

Floorspaceb

Total 

Floorspacea

Cooled 

Floorspaceb

Total 

Floorspacea

Lit 

Floorspaceb

Table B31. Heated, Cooled, and Lit Buildings, Floorspace, 1999

Heated Buildings Cooled Buildings Lit Buildingsc

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 38,156 36,640 32,450 34,584 26,287 38,064 32,075

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 60,344 57,516 50,532 55,007 39,913 60,131 51,708

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 20,666 20,127 18,151 19,829 15,888 20,634 18,239

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 19,223 18,821 16,715 18,076 11,899 19,219 17,379

Halogen ....................................................... 17,926 17,373 15,378 17,093 13,013 17,896 15,671

Other ............................................................ 1,004 973 858 953 772 989 865

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 38,193 36,962 33,278 35,476 26,242 37,480 32,817

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 29,915 28,777 25,703 28,721 22,459 29,583 26,485

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 19,387 18,942 17,271 19,009 15,881 19,331 17,477

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 21,256 21,107 19,797 21,256 17,589 21,187 19,542

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 53,395 51,983 46,550 50,309 37,457 53,044 46,432

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 21,613 21,252 19,858 20,817 17,232 21,556 19,942

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 19,994 19,222 17,451 19,014 14,249 19,982 17,737

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 42,035 40,417 35,695 39,347 29,192 42,003 36,594

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 18,286 17,062 14,656 16,646 11,530 17,841 15,652

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 39,969 39,969 34,786 36,639 26,172 39,476 33,799

Cooling ........................................................ 39,161 37,743 32,819 39,161 27,834 38,743 33,060

Lighting ........................................................ 51,083 48,300 41,790 46,004 32,484 51,083 43,394

Office Equipment ......................................... 9,063 8,802 8,247 8,748 6,215 9,052 8,424

a

 "Total Floorspace" refers to all floorspace in heated, cooled, or lit buildings, including the floorspace that was not heated, cooled, or lit.

b

 "Heated Floorspace," "Cooled Floorspace," and "Lit Floorspace" refer only to the portion of floorspace in these buildings that was heated, cooled, or lit.

c

 Data in "Lit Buildings" are for only floorspace lit when the building was open.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 99