Data release date: March 2023

Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 84.52 2,207 1,951 1,638 843 745 626

Census region and division

Northeast 13.18 2,414 2,052 1,322 910 774 498

New England 3.64 2,516 2,061 1,082 961 788 414

Middle Atlantic 9.54 2,375 2,049 1,413 891 768 530

Midwest 19.92 2,370 2,183 1,858 936 862 733

East North Central 13.50 2,377 2,178 1,831 940 862 724

West North Central 6.42 2,356 2,194 1,914 926 863 752

South 32.76 2,138 1,857 1,791 833 724 698

South Atlantic 17.17 2,169 1,862 1,833 848 728 717

East South Central 5.36 2,178 1,917 1,762 900 792 728

West South Central 10.23 2,063 1,818 1,735 776 683 652

West 18.66 2,009 1,796 1,358 724 647 490

Mountain 6.56 2,208 2,080 1,744 825 777 652

Mountain North 3.39 2,394 2,297 1,750 865 830 633

Mountain South 3.17 2,010 1,848 1,738 779 716 673

Pacific 12.10 1,901 1,642 1,149 672 581 406

Census urban/rural classificationd

Urban 65.84 2,147 1,893 1,628 803 708 609

Urbanized area 57.56 2,172 1,915 1,667 803 708 616

Urban cluster 8.29 1,970 1,742 1,355 801 708 551

Rural 18.68 2,419 2,156 1,672 1,001 892 692

Climate regione

Very cold/Cold 30.47 2,374 2,139 1,589 930 838 622

Mixed-humid 24.69 2,290 2,051 1,833 885 792 708

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 9.98 1,895 1,667 1,512 675 594 539

Hot-humid 14.89 2,010 1,645 1,723 760 622 652

Marine 4.48 1,966 1,772 892 721 650 327

Year of construction

Before 1950 14.72 2,076 1,730 1,121 848 707 458

1950 to 1959 10.30 1,879 1,644 1,265 764 668 514

1960 to 1969 8.86 1,970 1,732 1,422 772 678 557

1970 to 1979 11.44 2,083 1,858 1,535 809 722 596

1980 to 1989 9.94 2,175 1,946 1,683 847 758 655

1990 to 1999 11.74 2,417 2,188 1,997 888 804 734

2000 to 2009 11.29 2,587 2,325 2,182 903 811 761

2010 to 2015 3.42 2,604 2,383 2,261 865 792 751

2016 to 2020 2.82 2,578 2,301 2,205 937 836 801

Number of stories

1 story 47.15 1,943 1,686 1,441 799 693 592

2 stories 32.47 2,565 2,298 1,907 899 805 668

3 or more stories 2.61 2,587 2,384 1,837 889 819 631

Split-level 2.28 2,135 1,984 1,648 772 718 596

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) N N N N N N N

Table HC10.14 Average square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Average square footage 

per housing unit

Average square footage 

per household member
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 84.52 2,207 1,951 1,638 843 745 626

Table HC10.14 Average square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Average square footage 

per housing unit

Average square footage 

per household member

Fuels used for any use (more than one 

may apply)

Electricity 84.52 2,207 1,951 1,638 843 745 626

Natural gas 55.12 2,247 2,026 1,718 845 762 646

Propanef 9.07 2,499 2,199 1,670 1,015 893 678

Wood 9.85 2,405 2,180 1,583 900 816 592

Fuel oil or kerosene 4.41 2,454 2,050 1,106 973 813 438

Distributed solar generation

Yes 3.55 2,338 2,049 1,753 808 708 606

No 80.97 2,201 1,947 1,633 845 747 627

Not asked (apartments) N N N N N N N

Main space heating fuel

Natural gas 49.21 2,262 2,075 1,743 859 788 662

Electricity 22.45 2,053 1,850 1,624 788 710 623

Fuel oil or kerosene 3.86 2,490 2,071 1,109 995 828 443

Propane 4.33 2,486 2,202 1,610 1,028 910 665

Wood 1.98 2,106 1,842 934 825 722 366

Some other fuelg Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

Does not use heating equipment 2.65 1,686 0 1,169 562 0 390

Air-conditioning equipment

Uses air-conditioning equipment 76.32 2,241 1,991 1,814 855 759 692

Does not use air-conditioning 

equipment 8.20 1,892 1,581 0 733 613 0

Fuel used by main water heater

Natural gas 44.55 2,262 2,042 1,737 844 762 648

Electricity 34.30 2,075 1,792 1,536 813 702 602

Propane 3.46 2,613 2,286 1,729 1,050 918 695

Fuel oil or kerosene 1.94 2,570 2,143 1,068 1,025 855 426

Some other fuelg 0.28 2,154 1,459 1,169 601 407 326

Indoor light bulbs used at least 4 

hours a day

0 to 2 29.85 2,015 1,744 1,438 853 738 609

3 to 5 20.54 2,098 1,845 1,533 837 736 612

6 to 9 16.47 2,250 1,997 1,669 828 735 615

10 to 19 13.45 2,525 2,290 1,962 844 765 656

20 or more 4.22 2,913 2,672 2,407 855 785 707

Total number of rooms (excluding 

bathrooms)

1 or 2 0.15 724 561 315 477 369 208

3 0.95 1,103 920 549 657 548 327

4 4.75 1,382 1,132 830 660 541 396

5 11.58 1,591 1,354 1,063 660 562 441

6 17.53 1,829 1,571 1,280 741 636 518

7 17.34 2,065 1,823 1,516 800 706 587

8 12.98 2,414 2,160 1,838 881 789 671

9 or more 19.24 3,179 2,895 2,548 1,055 961 846
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 84.52 2,207 1,951 1,638 843 745 626

Table HC10.14 Average square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Average square footage 

per housing unit

Average square footage 

per household member

Number of bedrooms

0 0.14 1,804 1,233 772 826 565 354

1 1.74 1,095 882 524 683 550 327

2 13.75 1,599 1,366 1,020 801 684 511

3 41.80 2,012 1,776 1,474 799 705 585

4 21.19 2,697 2,397 2,107 890 791 695

5 or more 5.90 3,581 3,283 2,899 998 914 808

Basement

Yes 36.83 2,620 2,292 1,799 984 861 676

Finished basement 21.71 2,661 2,470 2,024 958 889 728

Unfinished basement 15.12 2,562 2,036 1,476 1,027 816 592

No 47.68 1,888 1,688 1,514 730 653 586

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) N N N N N N N

Adequacy of insulation

Well insulated 26.14 2,498 2,246 1,961 975 876 765

Adequately insulated 44.36 2,159 1,914 1,626 826 732 622

Poorly insulated 12.56 1,849 1,567 1,129 675 572 412

No insulation 1.46 1,545 1,093 595 573 405 221

Type of glass in windows

Single-pane glass 24.26 1,878 1,576 1,298 733 615 507

Double-pane glass 58.60 2,335 2,098 1,771 884 794 670

Triple-pane glass 1.65 2,508 2,220 1,913 960 850 732

Number of household members

1 member 16.97 1,892 1,639 1,303 1,892 1,639 1,303

2 members 33.18 2,251 2,010 1,682 1,125 1,005 841

3 members 13.72 2,250 1,990 1,685 750 663 562

4 members 12.25 2,373 2,107 1,813 593 527 453

5 members 5.10 2,345 2,057 1,822 469 411 364

6 or more members 3.30 2,376 2,062 1,789 352 306 265

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 1.66 1,581 1,257 842 550 438 293

$5,000 to $9,999 1.25 1,488 1,167 812 576 452 315

$10,000 to $19,999 4.70 1,732 1,412 982 831 678 471

$20,000 to $39,999 14.06 1,806 1,551 1,228 795 683 541

$40,000 to $59,999 13.15 1,999 1,732 1,402 829 719 582

$60,000 to $99,999 21.48 2,120 1,888 1,594 801 713 602

$100,000 to $149,999 13.72 2,422 2,190 1,914 857 775 677

$150,000 or more 14.50 2,998 2,727 2,428 982 894 796
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 84.52 2,207 1,951 1,638 843 745 626

Table HC10.14 Average square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Average square footage 

per housing unit

Average square footage 

per household member

Ownership of housing unith

Owned 73.22 2,302 2,050 1,737 896 798 676

Rented 11.30 1,593 1,312 998 542 446 340

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. See RECS Terminology for the definitions of terms used in these tables. 

a Total single-family includes all single-family (detached and attached) primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, seasonal 

units, second homes, military houses, and group quarters are excluded.

b Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned 

and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square footage 

based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported 

square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for full details about data collection and processing.

c

When calculating average heated and cooled square footage, all housing units are considered, including those that are not heated or cooled. 

d Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 

50,000 or more people, while urban clusters have at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

e The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We 

combined climate regions for this publication. The Subarctic region is included with data for Very-cold/Cold .

f Households that use propane only for outdoor grilling are excluded from the RECS estimate of households using propane. 

g Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.

h Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without paying rent. 

Q = Data withheld because either the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 10 households were in the reporting sample.

N = No households in reporting sample. 
Data release date: March 2023

RSEs for number 

of housing units

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.47 0.53 0.57 0.67 0.71 0.74

Census region and division

Northeast 0.00 1.06 1.16 1.98 1.38 1.40 2.07

New England 0.00 1.54 1.62 2.85 2.08 2.00 2.81

Middle Atlantic 0.00 1.35 1.42 2.41 1.78 1.75 2.51

Midwest 0.00 0.84 0.99 1.33 1.28 1.39 1.62

East North Central 0.00 1.23 1.32 1.67 1.78 1.83 2.07

West North Central 0.00 1.12 1.26 1.64 1.88 2.01 2.17

South 0.00 0.80 0.87 0.80 1.20 1.19 1.18

South Atlantic 0.00 1.02 1.14 1.16 1.45 1.56 1.57

East South Central 0.00 1.88 1.85 2.06 2.15 2.09 2.31

West South Central 0.00 1.63 1.55 1.76 2.12 2.04 2.10

West 0.00 0.69 0.79 1.34 1.23 1.32 1.69

Mountain 0.00 1.19 1.17 1.68 2.23 2.15 2.31

Mountain North 0.00 1.84 1.83 2.71 3.05 3.07 3.11

Mountain South 0.00 1.60 1.74 1.82 2.78 2.74 2.83

Pacific 0.00 1.12 1.30 2.18 1.72 1.89 2.47

Census urban/rural classificationd

Urban 0.41 0.52 0.60 0.59 0.78 0.84 0.78

Urbanized area 0.59 0.62 0.68 0.67 0.85 0.91 0.83

Urban cluster 3.13 1.52 1.46 1.93 2.00 2.03 2.25

Rural 1.44 0.94 0.95 1.27 1.24 1.22 1.53

Climate regione

Very cold/Cold 0.65 0.73 0.71 1.17 0.91 0.92 1.29

Mixed-humid 1.10 0.76 0.76 0.90 1.23 1.17 1.32

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 1.76 1.38 1.63 1.93 1.81 1.93 2.29

Hot-humid 1.15 1.21 1.57 1.21 1.60 1.87 1.57

Marine 3.25 1.87 1.95 4.74 2.72 2.83 4.84

Year of construction

Before 1950 1.54 1.44 1.52 2.32 1.96 2.01 2.92

1950 to 1959 1.54 1.45 1.61 2.42 2.37 2.43 3.07

1960 to 1969 1.98 1.49 1.83 2.29 2.20 2.53 2.64

1970 to 1979 1.66 1.21 1.24 1.50 1.52 1.58 1.70

1980 to 1989 1.87 1.37 1.50 1.73 1.98 2.04 2.10

1990 to 1999 1.93 1.23 1.27 1.53 1.82 1.99 1.97

2000 to 2009 1.62 1.20 1.35 1.41 1.49 1.61 1.62

2010 to 2015 4.10 2.24 2.52 2.51 2.84 2.88 3.10

2016 to 2020 4.35 2.53 2.91 2.64 2.51 2.76 2.54

Number of stories

1 story 0.71 0.61 0.67 0.79 1.01 1.04 1.10

2 stories 0.92 0.67 0.75 1.01 0.82 0.91 1.20

3 or more stories 5.12 2.84 3.06 4.34 4.27 4.56 5.05

Split-level 5.35 2.76 2.57 3.67 4.54 4.40 5.38

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

RSEs for average square footage 

per housing unit

RSEs for average square footage 

per household member

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.14 Average square footage of single-family homes, 2020
RSEs for number 

of housing units

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.47 0.53 0.57 0.67 0.71 0.74

RSEs for average square footage 

per housing unit

RSEs for average square footage 

per household member

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.14 Average square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Fuels used for any use (more than one 

may apply)

Electricity 0.00 0.47 0.53 0.57 0.67 0.71 0.74

Natural gas 0.58 0.57 0.61 0.67 0.83 0.87 0.86

Propanef 2.74 1.41 1.46 1.93 2.17 2.20 2.55

Wood 2.48 1.08 1.09 1.87 1.75 1.74 2.41

Fuel oil or kerosene 3.28 1.73 1.66 3.63 2.63 2.47 4.07

Distributed solar generation

Yes 4.05 2.07 2.61 3.03 2.97 3.37 3.52

No 0.18 0.47 0.53 0.58 0.68 0.70 0.75

Not asked (apartments) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Main space heating fuel

Natural gas 0.68 0.59 0.59 0.69 0.88 0.86 0.87

Electricity 1.25 0.93 0.91 1.21 1.27 1.20 1.48

Fuel oil or kerosene 3.49 1.99 1.89 4.11 2.92 2.67 4.46

Propane 4.47 2.03 1.97 3.17 2.57 2.68 3.59

Wood 5.26 3.35 3.37 7.37 4.07 4.20 7.18

Some other fuelg 41.91 17.28 15.75 66.39 23.23 14.54 63.55

Does not use heating equipment 5.41 3.31 0.00 5.09 4.36 0.00 5.72

Air-conditioning equipment

Uses air-conditioning equipment 0.34 0.51 0.58 0.56 0.70 0.74 0.71

Does not use air-conditioning 

equipment 3.15 1.36 1.64 0.00 2.07 2.34 0.00

Fuel used by main water heater

Natural gas 0.70 0.70 0.75 0.83 0.98 1.02 1.03

Electricity 0.94 0.74 0.75 1.04 1.09 1.16 1.26

Propane 4.73 2.28 2.27 2.92 3.10 3.33 3.61

Fuel oil or kerosene 5.24 2.41 2.47 4.57 3.40 3.34 5.19

Some other fuelg 13.06 6.63 11.83 15.10 12.47 15.68 20.78

Indoor light bulbs used at least 4 

hours a day

0 to 2 1.32 0.90 1.01 1.25 1.24 1.31 1.47

3 to 5 1.54 1.09 1.25 1.62 1.40 1.40 1.76

6 to 9 1.96 1.16 1.25 1.43 1.38 1.47 1.53

10 to 19 2.34 1.07 1.13 1.50 1.51 1.56 1.79

20 or more 4.15 2.10 1.99 2.62 2.82 2.82 3.12

Total number of rooms (excluding 

bathrooms)

1 or 2 18.42 5.15 10.92 19.20 13.95 20.19 22.29

3 8.42 5.20 5.17 10.11 6.26 6.31 11.12

4 3.62 2.11 2.49 3.26 3.26 3.50 4.44

5 2.60 1.01 1.09 1.78 1.94 2.02 2.55

6 1.72 0.80 1.07 1.47 1.39 1.58 1.86

7 2.00 0.82 0.95 1.16 1.60 1.73 1.83

8 2.17 0.84 0.95 1.38 1.26 1.29 1.63

9 or more 1.62 0.83 0.93 0.96 1.19 1.20 1.31
RSEs for number 

of housing units

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.47 0.53 0.57 0.67 0.71 0.74

RSEs for average square footage 

per housing unit

RSEs for average square footage 

per household member

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.14 Average square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Number of bedrooms

0 20.18 18.16 16.24 26.95 19.06 15.75 28.63

1 6.33 3.60 4.35 7.35 5.58 5.97 8.79

2 2.09 1.05 1.29 2.01 1.68 1.76 2.50

3 1.16 0.59 0.68 0.77 0.93 1.00 1.02

4 1.88 0.77 1.00 1.18 1.31 1.52 1.65

5 or more 2.98 1.59 1.84 1.96 2.52 2.66 2.83

Basement

Yes 0.64 0.60 0.69 0.99 0.89 0.95 1.18

Finished basement 1.13 0.75 0.80 1.23 1.19 1.24 1.42

Unfinished basement 1.50 0.98 1.16 1.94 1.54 1.66 2.51

No 0.49 0.65 0.74 0.78 0.92 0.94 0.95

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Adequacy of insulation

Well insulated 1.68 0.92 1.00 1.09 1.06 1.17 1.24

Adequately insulated 0.95 0.67 0.69 0.77 1.00 1.02 1.08

Poorly insulated 2.58 1.39 1.67 2.22 1.71 1.98 2.53

No insulation 8.20 4.19 5.71 8.45 5.69 6.93 9.71

Type of glass in windows

Single-pane glass 1.37 1.04 1.25 1.38 1.46 1.66 1.62

Double-pane glass 0.58 0.54 0.60 0.65 0.68 0.75 0.77

Triple-pane glass 6.51 3.21 3.78 4.55 4.76 4.67 5.55

Number of household members

1 member 1.82 1.08 1.11 1.49 1.08 1.11 1.49

2 members 1.16 0.77 0.74 0.93 0.77 0.74 0.93

3 members 2.09 1.43 1.41 1.68 1.43 1.41 1.68

4 members 2.48 1.35 1.55 1.78 1.35 1.55 1.78

5 members 3.97 1.85 2.28 2.56 1.85 2.28 2.56

6 or more members 5.76 2.89 3.01 3.71 2.95 3.00 3.64

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 6.80 4.68 4.87 7.41 7.02 7.53 9.31

$5,000 to $9,999 8.76 5.22 7.00 10.29 7.76 8.82 11.41

$10,000 to $19,999 3.86 2.07 2.69 3.83 2.53 3.17 3.90

$20,000 to $39,999 2.16 1.13 1.23 1.88 1.82 1.91 2.22

$40,000 to $59,999 2.20 1.35 1.34 1.78 1.77 1.88 2.31

$60,000 to $99,999 1.62 0.95 0.91 1.17 1.38 1.37 1.38

$100,000 to $149,999 1.83 1.00 1.08 1.24 1.41 1.48 1.67

$150,000 or more 2.14 0.91 1.09 1.25 1.17 1.22 1.40
RSEs for number 

of housing units

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.47 0.53 0.57 0.67 0.71 0.74

RSEs for average square footage 

per housing unit

RSEs for average square footage 

per household member

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.14 Average square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Ownership of housing unith

Owned 0.36 0.52 0.57 0.62 0.68 0.72 0.72

Rented 2.35 1.33 1.69 2.50 1.82 2.12 2.89

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: See RECS Terminology for the definitions of terms used in these tables. 

a Total single-family includes all single-family (detached and attached) primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, seasonal 

units, second homes, military houses, and group quarters are excluded.

b Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned 

and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square footage 

based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported 

square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for full details about data collection and processing.

c

 When calculating average heated and cooled square footage, all housing units are considered, including those that are not heated or cooled. 

d Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 

50,000 or more people, while urban clusters have at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

e The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We 

combined climate regions for this publication. The Subarctic region is included with data for Very-cold/Cold .

f Households that use propane only for outdoor grilling are excluded from the RECS estimate of households using propane. 

g Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.

h Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without paying rent.