Number of 

housing 

units 

(million)

Total U.S.b Total Electricity Natural gas Propane

Fuel oil or 

kerosene Total Electricity Natural gas Propane

Fuel oil or 

kerosene

All homes 123.53 9,481 4,453 4,241 391 396 76.8 36.1 56.6 35.4 69.7

Census region and division

Northeast 21.92 1,956 599 942 82 333 89.2 27.3 64.9 31.7 74.5

New England 5.88 528 147 182 29 170 89.9 24.9 60.7 31.7 82.7

Middle Atlantic 16.04 1,428 453 760 52 163 89.0 28.2 66.0 31.7 67.5

Midwest 27.04 2,619 902 1,521 170 26 96.9 33.3 76.1 62.8 62.1

East North Central 18.55 1,823 591 1,103 108 21 98.3 31.9 78.0 66.6 59.8

West North Central 8.50 796 310 419 62 4 93.7 36.5 71.5 57.1 77.3

South 46.84 3,116 2,138 865 86 28 66.5 45.6 43.4 20.9 43.7

South Atlantic 24.84 1,584 1,109 405 44 25 63.8 44.7 45.1 19.5 46.7

East South Central 7.38 523 350 152 19 2 70.9 47.4 48.1 21.9 29.1

West South Central 14.62 1,009 679 307 23 Q 69.0 46.4 39.5 23.1 Q

West 27.72 1,790 814 913 54 9 64.6 29.4 44.6 32.3 60.3

Mountain 9.22 727 330 370 26 Q 78.9 35.8 56.6 42.9 Q

Mountain North 4.62 413 141 256 16 Q 89.5 30.5 69.4 56.4 Q

Mountain South 4.60 314 189 115 10 Q 68.3 41.2 40.1 30.7 Q

Pacific 18.51 1,063 484 542 28 8 57.4 26.2 39.0 26.4 68.7

Census urban/rural classificationc

Urban 100.44 7,510 3,370 3,827 78 234 74.8 33.6 56.2 23.6 65.6

Urbanized area 89.24 6,649 2,967 3,417 61 205 74.5 33.2 55.7 24.4 65.4

Urban cluster 11.20 861 404 410 18 29 76.9 36.0 60.2 21.1 67.1

Rural 23.09 1,971 1,083 414 313 161 85.4 46.9 61.4 40.5 76.6

Climate regiond

Very cold/Cold 42.50 4,044 1,311 2,203 241 289 95.2 30.9 75.0 48.2 78.1

Mixed-humid 36.79 2,830 1,451 1,179 97 104 76.9 39.4 55.2 27.0 54.9

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 15.06 887 445 421 21 Q 58.9 29.6 34.8 30.0 Q

Hot-humid 22.31 1,306 1,049 232 24 Q 58.6 47.0 30.5 16.9 Q

Marine 6.87 413 197 206 8 Q 60.2 28.7 46.2 25.0 Q

Housing unit type

Single-family detached 77.07 7,293 3,261 3,351 344 337 94.6 42.3 67.4 38.9 79.8

Single-family attached 7.45 500 215 270 6 10 67.1 28.8 51.3 27.9 55.9

Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units 9.34 500 212 268 3 16 53.5 22.7 45.6 12.4 47.1

Apartments in buildings with 5 or 

more units 22.84 769 475 270 6 19 33.7 20.8 22.8 11.4 30.8

Mobile homes 6.83 419 290 83 34 12 61.3 42.5 37.3 25.9 42.4

Ownership of housing unit

Owned 82.92 7,501 3,381 3,428 354 338 90.5 40.8 65.4 37.1 77.0

Single-family 73.22 6,950 3,059 3,247 325 319 94.9 41.8 67.9 38.7 80.9

Apartments 4.32 218 94 115 Q 10 50.6 21.6 40.1 Q 41.2

Mobile homes 5.38 333 228 67 29 9 61.8 42.4 37.9 26.1 43.6

Rentede 40.61 1,980 1,073 813 37 58 48.8 26.4 36.2 24.7 44.9

Single-family 11.30 843 417 374 25 28 74.6 36.9 52.2 38.1 61.2

Apartments 27.86 1,051 594 423 8 26 37.7 21.3 28.5 11.8 35.2

Mobile homes 1.45 86 62 16 5 3 59.5 43.0 35.3 25.1 39.3

Year of construction

Before 1950 20.26 1,836 611 1,023 75 127 90.6 30.2 67.0 43.7 68.1

1950 to 1959 12.48 1,058 397 552 28 81 84.8 31.8 60.2 40.2 75.1

1960 to 1969 12.76 980 415 487 31 46 76.8 32.6 55.9 34.0 66.1

1970 to 1979 18.34 1,306 673 522 61 50 71.2 36.7 53.1 39.7 67.4

1980 to 1989 16.30 1,086 609 394 43 39 66.6 37.4 48.3 32.7 74.4

1990 to 1999 17.16 1,336 696 543 72 25 77.8 40.5 58.2 35.6 59.0

2000 to 2009 16.16 1,236 669 487 54 26 76.5 41.4 54.1 29.4 84.7

2010 to 2015 5.53 360 218 126 15 1 65.1 39.5 42.4 27.5 39.4

2016 to 2020 4.56 284 164 107 12 Q 62.3 36.1 43.9 26.1 Q

Total square footagef

Less than 1,000 30.01 1,265 697 505 26 37 42.1 23.2 30.7 18.8 37.3

1,000 to 1,499 28.08 1,733 901 737 54 41 61.7 32.1 46.3 29.0 51.6

1,500 to 1,999 22.22 1,778 835 800 63 80 80.0 37.6 57.7 30.1 67.5

2,000 to 2,499 15.62 1,430 649 638 71 72 91.5 41.5 64.8 38.6 74.1

Table CE2.1 Annual household site fuel consumption in the United States—totals and averages, 2020

Total site energy consumptiona

(trillion Btu)

Average site energy consumptiona

(million Btu per household using the fuel)

Data release date: March 2023

Revised data release date: March 2024
Number of 

housing 

units 

(million)

Total U.S.b Total Electricity Natural gas Propane

Fuel oil or 

kerosene Total Electricity Natural gas Propane

Fuel oil or 

kerosene

All homes 123.53 9,481 4,453 4,241 391 396 76.8 36.1 56.6 35.4 69.7

Table CE2.1 Annual household site fuel consumption in the United States—totals and averages, 2020

Total site energy consumptiona

(trillion Btu)

Average site energy consumptiona

(million Btu per household using the fuel)

2,500 to 2,999 10.31 1,072 458 517 50 47 104.0 44.5 73.0 44.2 77.2

3,000 or more 17.29 2,203 914 1,044 127 119 127.4 52.8 89.3 46.8 104.7

Number of household members

1 member 33.59 1,845 823 854 82 85 54.9 24.5 44.2 31.7 58.9

2 members 45.31 3,554 1,646 1,577 175 156 78.4 36.3 58.5 35.6 72.9

3 members 18.27 1,581 755 699 57 69 86.6 41.4 61.2 38.0 71.4

4 members 15.56 1,443 694 653 44 52 92.8 44.6 64.3 37.9 73.1

5 members 6.44 611 315 260 18 19 94.9 48.9 62.8 34.0 81.3

6 or more members 4.37 446 219 198 15 14 102.2 50.3 67.8 42.1 81.5

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 4.48 253 137 101 9 6 56.5 30.6 42.1 29.1 56.9

$5,000 to $9,999 4.01 208 110 82 7 9 51.9 27.5 39.5 20.4 53.8

$10,000 to $19,999 10.25 588 294 244 29 21 57.4 28.7 44.5 28.5 48.0

$20,000 to $39,999 24.07 1,568 776 661 68 63 65.1 32.2 49.5 32.6 60.2

$40,000 to $59,999 19.61 1,372 667 603 55 48 70.0 34.0 52.8 33.9 60.2

$60,000 to $99,999 27.71 2,178 1,017 964 94 104 78.6 36.7 57.5 36.5 77.6

$100,000 to $149,999 16.54 1,462 667 675 61 59 88.4 40.3 60.8 40.7 69.1

$150,000 or more 16.86 1,852 786 911 69 86 109.8 46.6 74.1 42.5 92.2

Payment method for energy bills

All paid by household 112.70 8,982 4,239 3,996 380 366 79.7 37.6 59.8 36.3 76.0

Some paid by household, some 

included in rent or condo fee 6.32 302 117 152 8 25 47.7 18.4 28.2 20.7 36.6

All included in rent or condo fee 4.34 183 94 83 2 4 42.2 21.6 32.5 15.0 25.1

Some other method 0.16 14 4 9 Q Q 87.8 22.1 75.7 Q Q

Main heating fuel

Natural gas 62.71 5,996 1,933 4,052 4 7 95.6 30.8 64.6 11.6 33.8

Electricity 42.57 2,081 1,899 133 43 5 48.9 44.6 15.9 12.6 23.5

Fuel oil or kerosene 4.93 547 152 11 11 373 110.8 30.8 11.6 11.8 75.6

Propane 5.21 512 198 1 312 Q 98.2 38.0 5.6 59.9 Q

Wood 2.25 115 83 5 18 9 50.9 36.8 19.2 21.2 38.5

Some other fuelg Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

Does not use heating equipment 5.79 229 186 39 3 Q 39.5 32.2 16.5 11.3 Q

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Forms EIA-457A, D, E, F, & G of the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. See RECS Terminology for definition of terms used in these tables.

Btu = British thermal units

a

 Consumption and expenditures for biomass (wood), coal, district steam, and solar thermal are excluded. Electricity consumption from on-site solar photovoltaic generation (that is, solar panels) is included.

b Total U.S. includes all primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and group quarters are excluded. c

 Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 50,000 or more people, while urban 

clusters have at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

d

 The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We combined climate regions for this 

publication. The subarctic region is included with data for Very-cold/Cold .

e Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing units without paying rent.

f Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned and unfinished areas in attics and 

attached garages are excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square footage based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not 

report an exact square footage estimate, the square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology 

for full details about data collection and processing.

g Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.

Q = Data withheld because either the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 10 households in reporting sample.

N = No households in reporting sample. 
Number of 

housing 

units 

(million)

Total U.S.b

Electricity 

(billion 

kWh)

Natural gas 

(billion cf)

Propane 

(million 

gallons)

Fuel oil or 

kerosene 

(million 

gallons)

Electricity 

(kWh)

Natural gas 

(ccf)

Propane 

(gallons)

Fuel oil or 

kerosene 

(gallons)

All homes 123.53 1,305 4,217 4,280 2,880 10,566 563 387 507

Census region and division

Northeast 21.92 176 922 894 2,421 8,016 635 346 542

New England 5.88 43 178 322 1,238 7,308 593 346 602

Middle Atlantic 16.04 133 744 572 1,183 8,275 646 346 491

Midwest 27.04 264 1,492 1,864 187 9,773 747 686 452

East North Central 18.55 173 1,078 1,181 156 9,345 763 729 435

West North Central 8.50 91 415 683 31 10,705 708 624 562

South 46.84 627 857 936 205 13,376 430 228 318

South Atlantic 24.84 325 397 484 185 13,089 443 214 340

East South Central 7.38 102 150 206 17 13,882 474 239 212

West South Central 14.62 199 310 247 Q 13,609 398 252 Q

West 27.72 239 946 586 68 8,608 462 354 439

Mountain 9.22 97 414 280 Q 10,500 633 469 Q

Mountain North 4.62 41 288 175 Q 8,942 781 617 Q

Mountain South 4.60 56 127 106 Q 12,064 442 335 Q

Pacific 18.51 142 532 305 60 7,665 382 289 500

Census urban/rural classificationc

Urban 100.44 988 3,803 858 1,706 9,834 558 258 478

Urbanized area 89.24 869 3,390 662 1,493 9,743 553 267 476

Urban cluster 11.20 118 413 196 213 10,562 607 231 489

Rural 23.09 317 415 3,422 1,174 13,749 615 443 558

Climate regiond

Very cold/Cold 42.50 384 2,202 2,633 2,107 9,043 750 528 568

Mixed-humid 36.79 425 1,159 1,066 754 11,556 543 295 400

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 15.06 130 428 229 Q 8,665 354 328 Q

Hot-humid 22.31 307 230 265 Q 13,781 302 185 Q

Marine 6.87 58 198 86 Q 8,410 444 273 Q

Housing unit type

Single-family detached 77.07 956 3,336 3,759 2,456 12,402 671 425 581

Single-family attached 7.45 63 267 61 75 8,443 507 305 407

Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units 9.34 62 264 30 120 6,665 449 135 343

Apartments in buildings with 5 or 

more units 22.84 139 267 64 141 6,093 226 125 224

Mobile homes 6.83 85 84 367 88 12,456 380 284 309

Ownership of housing unit

Owned 82.92 991 3,411 3,874 2,460 11,949 650 406 560

Single-family 73.22 897 3,231 3,551 2,325 12,246 676 423 589

Apartments 4.32 27 113 Q 71 6,345 393 Q 300

Mobile homes 5.38 67 68 317 65 12,414 385 285 317

Rentede 40.61 314 806 406 420 7,741 359 270 327

Single-family 11.30 122 372 269 207 10,802 520 417 446

Apartments 27.86 174 418 87 190 6,246 282 129 256

Mobile homes 1.45 18 17 50 23 12,610 361 274 286

Year of construction

Before 1950 20.26 179 1,006 820 924 8,843 659 478 496

Table CE2.1 Annual household site fuel consumption in the U.S.—totals and averages, 2020

Total site energy consumptiona

Average site energy consumptiona

(per household using the fuel)

Data release date: March 2023

Revised data release date: March 2024
Number of 

housing 

units 

(million)

Total U.S.b

Electricity 

(billion 

kWh)

Natural gas 

(billion cf)

Propane 

(million 

gallons)

Fuel oil or 

kerosene 

(million 

gallons)

Electricity 

(kWh)

Natural gas 

(ccf)

Propane 

(gallons)

Fuel oil or 

kerosene 

(gallons)

All homes 123.53 1,305 4,217 4,280 2,880 10,566 563 387 507

Table CE2.1 Annual household site fuel consumption in the U.S.—totals and averages, 2020

Total site energy consumptiona

Average site energy consumptiona

(per household using the fuel)

1950 to 1959 12.48 116 546 309 591 9,327 596 439 546

1960 to 1969 12.76 122 482 336 336 9,546 552 372 481

1970 to 1979 18.34 197 521 666 366 10,756 530 434 490

1980 to 1989 16.30 179 394 474 283 10,957 483 357 542

1990 to 1999 17.16 204 544 788 182 11,884 583 389 429

2000 to 2009 16.16 196 489 593 187 12,133 543 321 617

2010 to 2015 5.53 64 127 160 9 11,567 427 300 286

2016 to 2020 4.56 48 107 134 Q 10,568 441 285 Q

Total square footagef

Less than 1,000 30.01 204 501 290 266 6,802 304 205 272

1,000 to 1,499 28.08 264 732 595 297 9,407 460 318 376

1,500 to 1,999 22.22 245 796 693 584 11,009 574 329 492

2,000 to 2,499 15.62 190 634 773 527 12,173 644 423 539

2,500 to 2,999 10.31 134 514 546 344 13,031 726 483 562

3,000 or more 17.29 268 1,041 1,384 863 15,489 890 511 762

Number of household members

1 member 33.59 241 850 901 621 7,184 440 347 429

2 members 45.31 482 1,570 1,912 1,133 10,648 582 390 531

3 members 18.27 221 694 626 503 12,120 607 415 519

4 members 15.56 203 649 483 379 13,072 639 415 532

5 members 6.44 92 258 193 139 14,336 625 372 591

6 or more members 4.37 64 197 165 105 14,730 677 460 594

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 4.48 40 100 96 46 8,958 417 318 415

$5,000 to $9,999 4.01 32 81 72 66 8,060 391 223 392

$10,000 to $19,999 10.25 86 242 321 152 8,402 441 312 350

$20,000 to $39,999 24.07 228 659 744 457 9,451 494 356 438

$40,000 to $59,999 19.61 195 600 599 348 9,964 526 371 438

$60,000 to $99,999 27.71 298 959 1,026 755 10,751 572 399 565

$100,000 to $149,999 16.54 196 673 667 429 11,821 606 445 503

$150,000 or more 16.86 230 903 756 627 13,660 734 465 671

Payment method for energy bills

All paid by household 112.70 1,243 3,975 4,159 2,666 11,025 595 397 554

Some paid by household, some 

included in rent or condo fee 6.32 34 151 91 180 5,400 278 226 266

All included in rent or condo fee 4.34 27 82 27 29 6,326 322 164 183

Some other method 0.16 1 9 Q Q 6,489 745 Q Q

Main heating fuel

Natural gas 62.71 567 4,030 48 50 9,035 643 127 246

Electricity 42.57 557 132 471 39 13,073 157 137 171

Fuel oil or kerosene 4.93 45 10 121 2,717 9,025 113 129 551

Propane 5.21 58 1 3,416 Q 11,142 55 656 Q

Wood 2.25 24 5 194 65 10,787 194 231 281

Some other fuelg Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

Does not use heating equipment 5.79 55 38 30 Q 9,430 163 124 Q
Number of 

housing 

units 

(million)

Total U.S.b

Electricity 

(billion 

kWh)

Natural gas 

(billion cf)

Propane 

(million 

gallons)

Fuel oil or 

kerosene 

(million 

gallons)

Electricity 

(kWh)

Natural gas 

(ccf)

Propane 

(gallons)

Fuel oil or 

kerosene 

(gallons)

All homes 123.53 1,305 4,217 4,280 2,880 10,566 563 387 507

Table CE2.1 Annual household site fuel consumption in the U.S.—totals and averages, 2020

Total site energy consumptiona

Average site energy consumptiona

(per household using the fuel)

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Forms EIA-457A, D, E, F, & G of the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption 

Survey

Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. See RECS Terminology for definition of terms used in these tables.

kWh = kilowatthours

cf = cubic feet

ccf = hundred cubic feet

a

 Consumption and expenditures for biomass (wood), coal, district steam, and solar thermal are excluded. Electricity consumption from on-site solar photovoltaic generation (that is, 

solar panels) is included.

b Total U.S. includes all primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and group 

quarters are excluded.

c

 Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 50,000 

or more people, while urban clusters have at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

d

 The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We combined 

climate regions for this publication. The subarctic region is included with data for Very-cold/Cold .

e Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing units without paying rent.

f Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned 

and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square footage 

based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported square 

footage range and/or characteristics of the home. See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for full details about data collection and processing.

g Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.

Q = Data withheld because either the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 10 households in reporting sample.

N = No households in reporting sample. 
RSEs for 

number of 

housing 

units

Total U.S.b Total Electricity Natural gas Propane

Fuel oil or 

kerosene Total Electricity Natural gas Propane

Fuel oil or 

kerosene

All homes 0.00 0.40 0.38 0.91 3.80 3.43 0.40 0.38 0.70 2.91 2.14

Census region and division

Northeast 0.00 0.78 1.14 1.67 8.21 4.00 0.78 1.14 1.39 6.66 2.25

New England 0.00 1.34 1.39 3.82 9.62 3.82 1.34 1.39 2.55 7.09 2.09

Middle Atlantic 0.00 1.07 1.49 2.16 10.49 6.75 1.07 1.49 1.67 8.93 4.08

Midwest 0.00 0.90 1.02 1.66 6.25 19.73 0.90 1.02 1.13 3.62 11.23

East North Central 0.00 1.13 1.34 1.92 8.20 22.30 1.13 1.34 1.53 5.31 13.17

West North Central 0.00 1.29 1.33 2.62 7.68 31.76 1.29 1.33 1.73 4.87 13.91

South 0.00 0.65 0.67 1.86 5.36 14.24 0.65 0.67 1.68 4.92 7.54

South Atlantic 0.00 1.02 0.96 3.00 8.78 15.52 1.02 0.96 2.41 7.63 8.46

East South Central 0.00 1.54 1.39 4.61 11.48 32.85 1.54 1.39 3.59 8.74 24.26

West South Central 0.00 1.22 1.21 3.32 11.70 79.06 1.22 1.21 2.36 9.20 14.83

West 0.00 0.74 0.80 1.22 9.27 12.40 0.74 0.80 1.09 7.05 9.90

Mountain 0.00 1.03 1.42 1.76 13.49 41.67 1.03 1.42 1.57 9.30 27.36

Mountain North 0.00 1.40 1.76 2.14 19.73 42.33 1.40 1.76 1.73 12.68 45.03

Mountain South 0.00 1.70 1.94 3.56 18.86 20.25 1.70 1.94 3.03 13.90 0.00

Pacific 0.00 1.09 1.16 2.00 13.80 13.15 1.09 1.16 1.70 10.61 9.86

Census urban/rural classificationc

Urban 0.28 0.60 0.55 1.00 8.42 4.09 0.48 0.44 0.68 6.40 2.60

Urbanized area 0.42 0.69 0.69 1.08 9.61 4.52 0.49 0.51 0.74 7.22 2.76

Urban cluster 2.74 3.19 2.92 4.58 15.48 14.34 1.53 1.51 2.38 10.06 8.36

Rural 1.23 1.49 1.41 3.82 4.08 5.45 0.94 0.89 3.07 2.86 3.50

Climate regiond

Very cold/Cold 0.54 0.77 0.92 1.44 5.05 3.35 0.62 0.81 0.99 3.35 2.04

Mixed-humid 0.77 1.17 1.00 1.95 7.50 8.43 0.78 0.73 1.34 5.49 4.72

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 1.23 1.57 1.41 2.20 14.86 20.25 1.24 1.10 1.85 12.07 0.00

Hot-humid 0.69 1.36 1.45 3.62 9.85 79.06 1.07 1.16 2.79 7.79 14.83

Marine 2.39 2.62 2.57 3.92 23.25 38.60 2.16 2.27 3.06 17.64 19.79

Housing unit type

Single-family detached 0.00 0.45 0.39 0.95 4.36 3.62 0.45 0.39 0.73 3.05 1.95

Single-family attached 0.00 1.67 1.54 2.57 21.88 19.75 1.67 1.54 1.96 16.43 9.85

Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units 0.00 2.20 2.13 3.85 19.80 19.31 2.20 2.13 3.24 15.77 13.07

Apartments in buildings with 5 or 

more units 0.00 1.22 1.60 2.70 18.33 17.56 1.22 1.60 2.30 13.36 7.75

Mobile homes 0.00 1.58 1.95 7.25 10.02 15.62 1.58 1.95 5.37 6.62 7.56

Ownership of housing unit

Owned 0.42 0.59 0.62 1.06 4.03 3.86 0.49 0.45 0.78 2.88 2.05

Single-family 0.36 0.57 0.59 1.01 4.49 3.89 0.52 0.44 0.76 3.14 1.90

Apartments 4.13 6.67 5.26 8.48 48.26 31.82 4.49 3.11 5.54 34.11 22.14

Mobile homes 2.05 2.71 3.33 8.98 11.04 19.32 1.71 2.19 6.24 7.32 9.08

Rentede 0.86 1.51 1.31 2.48 9.90 8.63 0.98 0.95 1.82 8.35 5.37

Single-family 2.35 2.88 2.97 4.12 14.02 11.58 1.37 1.52 2.39 8.93 9.17

Apartments 0.64 1.34 1.45 2.95 14.09 14.25 1.16 1.44 2.34 11.08 6.08

Mobile homes 7.62 7.67 7.57 16.57 29.31 32.13 4.35 4.27 13.46 19.29 15.17

Year of construction

Before 1950 0.00 1.35 1.24 2.21 9.94 7.08 1.35 1.24 1.99 7.65 4.69

1950 to 1959 0.00 1.48 1.79 2.35 13.70 9.33 1.48 1.79 2.02 11.42 4.32

1960 to 1969 0.00 1.56 1.63 2.92 15.61 10.42 1.56 1.63 2.26 9.52 6.18

1970 to 1979 0.00 1.34 1.27 2.61 8.92 8.62 1.34 1.27 1.86 6.89 6.02

1980 to 1989 0.00 1.34 1.35 2.87 8.47 10.48 1.34 1.35 2.20 7.03 6.71

1990 to 1999 0.00 1.32 1.26 2.75 8.62 9.88 1.32 1.26 2.00 6.43 9.31

2000 to 2009 0.00 1.40 1.29 2.57 8.25 14.40 1.40 1.29 2.31 6.90 10.33

2010 to 2015 2.84 4.04 3.92 5.73 12.48 45.17 2.66 2.30 4.17 7.93 40.65

2016 to 2020 3.44 4.72 4.03 7.24 15.10 85.22 2.96 2.12 4.65 9.27 46.46

Total square footagef

Less than 1,000 1.20 1.65 1.74 2.35 12.27 11.17 1.03 1.28 1.94 9.92 7.47

1,000 to 1,499 1.54 1.89 1.82 2.92 6.78 10.05 0.89 1.02 1.71 5.87 5.97

1,500 to 1,999 1.59 1.68 1.98 2.31 7.06 9.09 0.78 1.10 1.62 6.07 3.87

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table CE2.1 Annual household site fuel consumption in the United States—totals and averages, 2020

RSEs for total site energy consumptiona RSEs for average site energy consumptiona

Data release date: March 2023

Revised data release date: March 2024
RSEs for 

number of 

housing 

units

Total U.S.b Total Electricity Natural gas Propane

Fuel oil or 

kerosene Total Electricity Natural gas Propane

Fuel oil or 

kerosene

All homes 0.00 0.40 0.38 0.91 3.80 3.43 0.40 0.38 0.70 2.91 2.14

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table CE2.1 Annual household site fuel consumption in the United States—totals and averages, 2020

RSEs for total site energy consumptiona RSEs for average site energy consumptiona

2,000 to 2,499 2.32 2.44 2.40 2.99 9.83 8.74 0.82 1.15 1.48 6.20 3.95

2,500 to 2,999 2.55 2.61 2.85 3.40 11.17 10.41 1.08 1.32 1.75 7.40 4.61

3,000 or more 1.93 2.07 2.08 2.86 7.73 7.91 1.09 1.05 1.58 5.11 3.95

Number of household members

1 member 1.25 1.66 1.51 2.53 8.77 7.40 1.05 1.05 1.69 5.99 5.32

2 members 1.15 1.27 1.18 1.90 5.57 7.47 0.85 0.66 1.39 4.17 3.54

3 members 1.87 1.80 1.70 3.15 11.93 7.70 1.28 1.09 2.20 8.25 4.58

4 members 2.08 2.31 2.22 3.20 9.96 10.69 1.29 1.21 1.79 5.99 5.83

5 members 4.12 4.26 4.63 5.59 17.82 16.28 2.10 2.04 3.02 12.42 8.45

6 or more members 4.58 4.85 4.53 6.59 21.04 21.34 2.31 2.70 3.01 13.35 10.80

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 4.63 5.74 5.29 8.85 24.26 29.15 3.65 2.97 6.05 16.61 19.52

$5,000 to $9,999 5.53 6.15 5.98 9.80 18.43 23.73 3.16 3.23 7.24 15.93 12.39

$10,000 to $19,999 3.21 3.46 3.58 4.98 12.87 14.31 1.91 2.00 3.22 11.60 8.61

$20,000 to $39,999 1.98 2.16 2.01 3.22 8.93 10.14 1.30 1.18 1.80 6.91 5.36

$40,000 to $59,999 1.83 2.07 2.32 3.13 9.46 11.49 1.44 1.63 2.34 7.25 6.67

$60,000 to $99,999 1.58 1.67 1.77 2.36 7.45 7.32 0.92 0.97 1.57 5.49 3.96

$100,000 to $149,999 1.83 1.91 2.32 2.50 9.68 9.25 1.19 1.39 1.70 5.71 5.36

$150,000 or more 1.93 2.23 2.30 2.87 9.37 7.53 1.28 1.10 1.77 7.27 4.33

Payment method for energy bills

All paid by household 0.27 0.46 0.44 0.97 3.80 3.40 0.46 0.39 0.72 2.85 1.83

Some paid by household, some 

included in rent or condo fee 3.90 4.50 4.65 6.38 22.10 15.97 3.02 3.04 4.64 19.83 8.38

All included in rent or condo fee 4.78 5.40 5.52 7.93 35.80 26.32 3.00 2.42 6.00 30.21 11.03

Some other method 25.04 37.24 26.38 48.81 77.36 41.60 22.86 16.54 32.84 70.19 33.50

Main heating fuel

Natural gas 0.77 0.87 0.95 0.95 21.15 24.68 0.54 0.55 0.70 16.59 17.63

Electricity 0.92 1.17 1.11 5.13 5.95 26.87 0.83 0.78 3.87 4.42 19.41

Fuel oil or kerosene 3.50 3.32 3.58 20.58 11.49 3.57 1.57 2.23 17.02 9.78 2.08

Propane 3.76 4.33 4.53 32.85 4.54 60.81 1.70 2.18 30.94 2.20 16.19

Wood 4.88 5.67 5.43 27.19 14.34 20.20 2.37 2.29 20.95 11.01 8.86

Some other fuelg 35.67 38.88 35.48 16.20 62.35 84.02 24.00 18.15 0.00 45.18 88.70

Does not use heating equipment 4.41 5.09 5.15 9.50 30.69 52.84 2.37 2.82 4.61 26.82 10.12

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Forms EIA-457A, D, E, F, & G of the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: See RECS Terminology for definition of terms used in these tables.

a

 Consumption and expenditures for biomass (wood), coal, district steam, and solar thermal are excluded. Electricity consumption from on-site solar photovoltaic generation (that is, solar panels) is included.

b Total U.S. includes all primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and group quarters are excluded.

c

 Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 50,000 or more people, while urban 

clusters have at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

d

 The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We combined climate regions for this 

publication. The subarctic region is included with data for Very-cold/Cold .

e Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing units without paying rent.

f Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned and unfinished areas in attics and 

attached garages are excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square footage based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not 

report an exact square footage estimate, the square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology 

for full details about data collection and processing.

g Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.