/ ; ^ Z ORIGINA L

SDM S DocI D 210124 9 

# THIRD FIVE-YEARREVIE W REPOR

T for COKER' S SUPERFUND SITE CHESWOLD , KENT COUNTY , DELAWAR E MA Y 200 9 Prepare dby : U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y

Regio n II I Philadelphia , Pennsylvani a

ia^fi^J . Burke , Directo r

S^52 ^ ^^^ ^ Hazardou s Sit e Cleanu p Divisio n / /TABL E O FCONTENT S

Lis t o f Acronyms . i i Executiv e Summar y • ii i Five-Yea r

Revie w Summar y For mi v L INTRODUCTIO N 1 II . SIT E CHRONOLOG Y ....... 2 Tabl e 1 - Chronolog y o f

Sit e Event s 2 III . BACKGROUND.... . 3 Physical characteristic s ... 3 Lan dan dResourc e Use. . 3 History o f Contaminatio n 4 Initial Respons e Activitie s 4 1 Basi s for

Takin g Actio n .... 4 IV . REMEDIA L ACTIO N IMPLEMENTATIO N 5 V . PROGRES S SINC E TH E LAS T FIVE-YEA RREVIE W 8 VI . FIVE-YEA RREVIE W PROCESS. . 8 Administrativ e Component s : 8 Community Involvemen t

; 9 Documen t

Revie w : 9 Dat aRevie w 9 Sit e Inspectio n 1 0 VII . TECHNICA L ASSESSMEN T 1 0 Questio n A : I s th e Remed y Functionin g a s Intende dby th e Decisio n Document ? 1 0 Questio n B : Ar e th e Exposur e Assumption s Data , Cleanu p Levels , an dRemedia l Actio n Objective s (RAOs ) Use da t th e Tim e o f

th e Remedy Selectio n Stil l Valid ? 1 0 Questio n C : Ha s Any Othe r Informatio n Com e t o Light That Coul dCal l int o Questio n th e Protectivenes s o f

th e Remedy ? 1 1 Technica l Assessmen t

Summar y 1 1 VH L ISSUE S ......1 2 Tabl e 2 - Issue s 1 2 IX . RECOMMENDATION S AN D FOLLOW-U P ACTIO N 1 2 Tabl e 3 - Recommendation s an dFollow-U p Action s 1 2 X . PROTECTIVENES S STATEMEN T 1 3 XI . NEX T REVIE W 1 3 Figur e 1Lis t

o f Acronym s ARA RApplicabl e o r Relevan t

an dAppropriat e Requiremen t CERCL A Comprehensiv e Environmenta l Response , Compensation , an dLiabilit y Ac t CF RCod e o f

Federa l Regulation s

. ( \ DNRE C Departmen t o f Natura l Resource s an dEnvironmenta l Contro l Easemen t

Environmenta l Protectio n Easemen t an dDeclaratio n o f

Restrictiv e Covenant s EP A U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y GPR A Governmen t Performanc e Result s Ac t GMU C Groundwate r Migratio n Unde r

Contro l HHP A Long-Ter mHuma n Healt h Protectio n Achieve d NC P Nationa l Contingenc y Pla n NP L Nationa l Prioritie s Lis t PR P Potentiall y Responsibl e Part y RP M Remedia l Projec t Manage r RA O Remedia l Actio n Objectiv e RD/R A Remedia l Design/Remedia l Actio n RI/F S Remedia l Investigation/Feasibilit y Stud y RO D Recor do f Decisio n SWRA U Sitewid e Read y fo r Anticipate dUs e TB C T o B e Considere d

## Executiv e Summar y

Th e remedy fo

r th e Coker' s Sanitatio n Servic e Landfill s Sit e (Site ) in Cheswold , Delawar e included :

• Placin g dee drestriction s (institutiona l controls ) o n both landfil l properties .

• Enclosin g th e entir e wast e disposa l area s o f both landfill s wit

h achain-lin k

security fenc e with alocke dgat e an dplacin g warnin g sign s alon g th e fence . • ' Placin g cove r

materia l alon g th e northern slop e o f Landfil l No. l t o eliminat e exposur e t o leachat e seeps . • Backfillin g t o grad e an dseedin g area s o f Landfil l No . 2 whic h hadsubside ddu e t o uneve n settlin g o f

waste . • Sealin g leachat e collectio n well s a t Landfil l No . 2 wit

h grou t t o reduc e th e potentia l fo r direc t contac t wit h leachate . • Conductin g groun dwate r samplin g semi-annuall y a t both landfills . • Inspecting'th e landfill s semi-annuall y durin g groun dwate r samplin g events . • Conducfin g surfac e wate r an dsedimen t

monitorin g a

t th e Willi s Branc h adjacen t t o Landfil l No . 1 a

t th e sam e tim e a s groun dwate r monitorin g for

aperio do f

n o les s than five years . Th e assessmen t

o f thi s five-year

revie w foun dtha

t th e remedy wa s implemente di n accordanc e with th e requirement s o f th e Recor do f

Decisio n (ROD) . EPA finds that th e remed y i s protectiv e o f

huma n health an dth e environment . Al l threat s a t th e Site associate dwith exposur e t o contaminate dsoil , leachat e o r on-sit e groundwate r

hav e bee n addressed . Th e Sit e achieve dconstructio n completio n statu s with th e signin g o f th e Preliminary Clos e Ou t Report o n Septembe r

29 , 1993 . Thi s i s th e thirdfive-year revie w fo

r th e Site . Th e first

revie w wa s triggere dby th e dat e that onsit e constructio n began . Th e trigge r fo r thi s five-year

revie w wa s th e dat e o f

th e completio n dat e o f

th e secon dreview , Ma

y 25 , 2004 . GPR A Measur e Revie w A s par t o f thi s Fiv e Yea

r Revie w th e GPRA Measure s hav e als o bee n reviewed . Th e GPR A Measure s an dthei r

statu s ar e provide da s follows : Environmenta l Indicator s Human Health : Long-TermHuman Healt h Protectio n Achieve d(HHPA ) Groundwate r

Migration : Groundwate r Migratio n Unde r

Contro l (GMUC ) Sitewid e RA U Th e Sit e i s no t

Site-Wid e Ready fo r

Anticipate dUs e (SWRAU ) bu t i s expecte dt o achiev e SWRA U o n Decembe r

30 , 2010 . "

11 1

## Five-Yea r Review Summar y Form SIT E IDENTIFICATIO N Sit e name : : Coker ' 5 Sanitatio n Servic e Landfill s Superfun d Sit e EP A ID : DED98070486 0 Region : 3 State : D E City/County : Cheswold/Ken t Count y 

### SIT E STATU S NP L status : X Fina l • Delete d • Othe r(specify) . Remediatio n Statu s (choos e al l tha t apply) : Unde rConstructio n • Operatin g ^ Complet e Multipl e OUs ? QYE S J^ t N O Coristructio n completio n date : 9/29/199 3 Ha s sit e bee n pu t int o reuse ? G YE S KN O 

### REVIE W STATU S Lea d agency : H EP A • Stat e • Trib e • Othe rFedera l Agency _ Author(s ) name : Ronni e M . Davi s Author(s ) title : Remedia l Projec t Manage r Author(s ) Affiliation : U.S . EP A - Regio n 3 Revie w period : 11/200 8 - 5/200 9 Date(s ) o f sit e inspection : 4/6/200 9 Typ e o f review : KPost-SAR A QPre-SAR A • Non-NP L Remedia l Actio n Sit e • Regiona l Discretio n • NPL-Remova l onl y • NP L State/Tribe-lea d Revie w number : • 1 (first ) • 2 (second ) * 3 (third ) • Other(specify)

_' • Triggerin g action : • Actua l R A Onsit e Constructio n a t Sit e • Constructio n Completio n • Othe r(specify ) • Actua l R A Start a t 0U # X Previou s Five-Yea rRevie w Report Triggerin g actio n date : 5/25/2004 Du e dat e (fiv e year s afte rtriggerin g actio n date) : 5/25/200 9Five-Yea r

Revie w Summar y Form , cont'd . Issues : Th e chai n link

security fenc e ha s bee n cu t i n several places . Additionally , atre e ha s falle n o n asectio n o f

th e fence . EPA i s preparin g t o delet e th e Sit e fro mth e NPL . Therefore , a s a precautionary measure , groundwater , surfac e wate r an dsediment s shoul db e analyze dfo r th e presenc e o f

volatil e organi c compounds , semiviolatil e organi c compounds , an dmetals . Recommendation s an dFollow-u p Actions : Repai r th e chai n link

security fence . Monito r

groundwater , surfac e wate r an dsediment s fo

r volatil e organi c compounds , semivolatile organi c compound s an dmetals . Protectivenes s Statement : Th e remed y a

t th e Sit e currentl y protect s human healt h an dth e environment . Th e chai n link security fence s aroun dth e wast e disposa l area s o f bot h landfill s restric t

acces s t o th e Sit e an d reduc e th e potentia l fo

r exposur e t o Site contaminants . Th e soi l cove r o n th e landfill s prevent s direc t contac t wit h th e waste , minimize s migratio n o f contaminant s t o th e groundwater , an d reduce s th e generatio n o f leachate . Ther e i s n o evidenc e o f erosio n o r

abreac h o f

th e soi l cove r

o n eithe r landfill . Th e closur e o f

th e leachat e collectio n well s a t Landfil l No . 2 ha s reduce dth e potentia l for

direc t contac t wit h leachate . Thus , ther e i s n o know n evidenc e o f curren t exposur e t o th e wast e o r

Sit e contamiriant s an dth e remed y i s considere dprotectiv e i n th e short-term . I n th e lon g term , th e remedy i s protectiv e becaus e th e dee drestriction s (institutiona l controls ) require dby th e ROD , whic h restric t

th e us e o f

th e land , hav e bee n implemente db y th e us e o f

Environmenta l Easements . Th e institutiona l control s ensur e long-termprotectivenes s b y prohibitin g any typ e o f activity tha

t coul ddistur

b th e landfil l surface s o r

th e underlyin g wast e a

t eac h landfill , o r

i n any wa y increas e th e ris k

o f exposur e t o Sit e contaminants , including , bu t no t limite dto , any soil

disturbin g activitie s a

t th e Site . Othe r Comments : Non eCoker' s Sanitatio n Servic e Landfill s Cheswold , Delawar e Thir dFive-Yea r

Revie w Repor t EP A I D No . DED98070486 0 

## I . INTRODUCTIO N Th e purpos e o f

afive-year

revie w i s t o determin e whethe r th e remedy a

t asit e i s protectiv e o f human health an dth e environment . Th e methods , findings, an dconclusion s o f review s ar e documente di n Five-Yea

r Revie w reports . In addition , Five-Year Revie w report s identif

y issue s foun ddurin g th e review , i f any , an didentif

y recommendafion s t o addres s them . Th e U.S . Envirormiental Protectio n Agenc y (EPA ) i s preparin g thi s Thir dFive-Yea r Revie w report

pursuan t t o th e Comprehensiv e Environmenta l Response , Compensation , an d Liability Ac t

(CERCLA ) § 12 1 an dth e Nationa l Contingenc y Pla n (NCP) . CERCL A §12 1 states : I f th e Presiden t

select s aremedia l actio n tha t result s in an y hazardou s substances , pollutants , o r contaminant s remainin g a t th e site , th e Presiden t shal l revie w suc h remedia l actio n n o les s ofte n tha n eac h five year s afte r th e initiatio n o f

suc h remedia l actio n t o assur e tha t huma n healt h an dth e environmen t

ar e bein g protecte db

y th e remedia l actio n bein g implemented . In addition , i f

upo n suc h revie w i t

i s th e judgemen t

o f th e Presiden t

tha t actio n i s appropriat e a t

suc h sit e i n accordanc e wit h sectio n [104 ] o r

[106 ] title , th e Presiden t

shal l take o r

requir e suc h action . Th

e Presiden t

shal l repor t t o th e Congres s alis t

o f facilitie s fo r

whic h suc h revie w i s required , th e result s o f

al l suc h reviews , an dan y action s take n a s aresul t o f suc h reviews . EPA interprete dthi s requiremen t further in th e NCP ; 4 0 CF R§ 300.430(f)(4)(ii ) states : I f aremedia l actio n i s selecte dtha t result s i n hazardou s substances , pollutants , o r contaminant s remainin g a t th e site abov e level s tha t allo w fo r unlimite dus e an d unrestricte dexposure , th e lea dagenc y shal l revie w suc h actio n n o les s ofte n tha n ever y five year s afte r

initiatio n o f

th e selecte dremedia l action . EPA Regio n 3 conducte dthi s five-year revie w o f

th e remed y implemente da t th e Coker' s Sanitatio n Servic e Landfill s Site (Site ) in Ken t County , Delaware . Thi s revie w wa s conducte dby th e EPA Remedia l Projec t Manage r (RPM ) o f

th e Site , with assistanc e fromth e Delawar e Departmen t

o f Natura l Resource s an dEnvironmenta l Contro l (DNREC) , fromNovembe r 200 8 throug h Ma

y 2009 . Thi s report

document s th e result s o f th e review . Thi s i s th e thir dfive-year revie w fo

r th e Site . Th e triggerin g actio n for thi s revie w wa s th e

• . 1completio n o f th e secon dfive-year

revie w o n Ma

y 25 , 2009 . Thi s thirdfive-year revie w i s require dbecaus e hazardou s substances , pollutants , o r contaminant s remai n a

t th e Site abov e level s that allo w for unlimite dus e an dunrestricte dexposure . 

## II . SIT E CHRONOLOG Y Tabl e 1 - Chronolog y o f Sit e Event s DAT E 1969-197 7 1976-198 0 Jul y 22 , 198 7 Decembe r

30 , 198 7 Septembe r

28 , 199 0 Apri l 8 , 1992 . Jul y 199 3 Septembe r

9 , 199 3 Septembe r

29 , 199 3 199 3 ACTIVIT Y Landfil l No . 1 operate dat th e Site . Landfil l No . 2 operate da t th e Site . EP A place dth e Sit e o n th e Nationa l Priority Lis t (NPL) . Thre e PRP s signe da

n Administrativ e Orde r

o n Consen t

t o conduc t th e Remedia l Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) . EPA issue daROD . EPA an dsi x PRP s entere dint o aConsen t Decre e fo

r implementatio n o f

th e Remedia l Design/Remedia l Actio n (RD/RA) . ' PRP s initiate dconstructio n activity . EPA an dth e Delawar e Departmen t o f Natura l Resource s an d Environmenta l Contro l (DNREC ) conducte dth e final inspectio n a

t th e Site . EPA issue dPreliminary Site Closeou t Report . Firs t groundwate r

samplin g event .DAT E

1993-presen t Jul y 17 , 199 8 January 6 , 199 9 Ma y 25 , 200 4 Decembe r

18 , 200 8 February 19 , 200 9 Apri l 6 , 200 9 ACTIVIT Y On-goin g groundwate r

monitoring . Sit e inspectio n fo

r th e Firs t Five-Yea r Review . Firs t Five-yea r Review . 2" " Five-Year

Review . Wor k Completio n Report Final Clos e Ou t

Report Sit e Inspectio n 

## III . BACKGROUN D Physica l characteristic s Th e Sit e i s locate dnea

r Cheswol di n Ken t

County , Delaware , approximatel y si x mile s northwes t o f th e City o f

Dover . Th e Site consist s o f tw o landfill s locate dapproximatel y one-hal f mil e apar t or i opposite side s o f

County Rout e 152 . Landfil l No . 1 , whic h i s o n th e north sid e o f Rout e 152 , an dLandfil l No . 2 , whic h i s o n th e sout h sid e o f Rout e 152 , ar e bot

h par t o f larger , heavil y woode dtract s o f

lan d(Figur e 1) . Propertie s adjacen t t o bot h landfill s are primaril y use d fo r agricultura l o r

residentia l development . Landfil l No . 1 i s bordere do n th e north by aforeste d wetlan dthat

include s ashallo w meanderin g stream , th e Willi s Branc h o f th e Leipsi c River . Agricultura l land s borde r th e tre e line s eas t

an dwes t o f Landfil l No . 2 . Dee r

an dothe r wildlif e populat e thi s are ao f

Ken t County . Groundwate r

i n th e vicinity o f

th e Sit e i s use dfo

r domesti c purposes , includin g drinkin g water . 

### Lan dan dResourc e Us e Th e Sit e ha s bee n fence dof f an di s covere dwith grass , weeds , an dtrees . Ther e hav e bee n n o change s in physica l feature s a t th e Sit e sinc e th e las t

five-year review . Several house s ar e locate dbetwee n th e tw o landfill s o n Rout e 152 .V .



### Histor y o f

Contaminatio n Bot h landfill s were use dfo

r th e disposa l o f

proces s sludg e generate ddurin g th e manufactur e o f

late x rubber . Landfil l No . 1 wa s apermitte dlandfil l whic h began operatin g i n 196 9 an dsubsequentl y close dunde r th e then-curren t

stat e regulation s in 1977 . Approximatel y 45,00 0 cubi c yard s o f

soli dwast e wer e dispose do f in si x t o eigh t

feet deep , unline dtrenches . Landfil l No . 2 , whic h wa s als o permitted , operate dfrom197 6 t o 198 0 an dals o receive d approximatel y 45,00 0 cubi c yard s o f waste . Sludg e wa s dispose do f i n si x feet

deep , line dtrenche s that include daleachat e collectio n system . Th e permi t als o require dleachat e collectio n an d treatment , installatio n o f

groundwate r

monitorin g wells , regularl y schedule dsit e inspections , an d periodi c groundwate r

an dleachat e monitoring . Th e trenche s wer e cappe dwith soi l whe n th e landfil l wa s close di n 1980 . A s th e wast e i n th e trenche s settle dan dstoppe dproducin g collectabl e quantitie s o f

leachate , leachat e collectio n wa s phase dou t i n th e earl y 80's . Landfil l No . 1 i s approximatel y te n acre s i n size , an dLandfil l No . 2 i s approximatel y fifteen acre s i n size . Initia l Respons e Activitie s Th e EP A conducte da

n initia l Sit e Investigatio n i n 1980 , an dasecon don e i n 1983 . Elevate dlevel s o f

acrolei n were foun din on e wel l an di n on e leachat e collectio n pip e o n Landfil l No . 2 . Ethylbenzen e wa s detecte din th e sam e wel l an dleachat e collectio n pipe . Bis(2

- chloroethyl ) ethe r

wa s detecte din tw o Landfil l No . 1 leachat e seeps . Basi s fo r

Takin g Actio n Contaminant s Hazardou s substance s that hav e bee n detecte din leachate , groundwate r an dwast e a

t bot h landfill s include : Benzen e Chlorofor m Ethylbenzen e Styren e Creso l Dibuty l Pthalat e Pheno l Cadmiu m Manganes e EPA place dth e Sit e o n th e Nationa l Prioritie s Lis t in Jul y 1987 . I

n Apri l 1986 , EPA issue d letter s to several Potentiall y Responsibl e Partie s (PRPs ) notifyin g the mo f thei r potentia l liability for Site respons e action s an dinvitin g the mt o conduc t th e Remedia l Investigation/Feasibility Study 4 '(RI/FS) . O n Decembe r 30 , 1987 , thre e PRP s signe da n agreemen t

with EPA i n th e for

mo f a n Administrativ e Orde r

o n Consen t

t o conduc t

th e RI/FS . Th e partie s agreed,,unde r aseparat e order , t o remov e drum s containin g varyin g quantitie s o f late x wast e foun don-sit e durin g th e RI . Medi ainvestigatio n durin g th e RI/F S include dwaste , leachate , groundwater , surfac e wate r an dsediment , soil , an dair . Th e wast e a t bot h landfill s containe dth e highes t numbe r o f contaminant s an dhighes t level s o f contamination , primaril y styrene , ethylbenzene , an dphenoli c compounds . Leachat e fromLandfil l No ; 2 (take n fromleachat e collectio n trenche s withi n th e line dcells ) containe dth e sam e contaminants , bu t a t lowe r levels . Th e wast e an dleachat e wer e determine dt o pos e athreat t o human healt

h an dth e environment . Groundwate r a t bot h landfill s containe dsimilar

compound s bu t

at significantl y lowe r

levels , an dit

wa s determine dthat

the y di d no t pos e athrea t

t o human health o r

th e environment . 

## IV . REMEDIA L ACTIO N IMPLEMENTATIO N Remed y Selectio n ^ - EPA issue daRO D fo

r th e Sit e o n Septembe r

28 , 1990 . Th e major'component s o f th e selecte dremedy includ e dee drestriction s t o limi t access , increasin g th e cove r materia l t o eliminat e exposur e an dgroutin g th e leachat e collectio n syste mt o reduc e th e potentia l fo r direc t contact . Th e wast e material s foun din th e landfill s a t th e sit e i s neithe r

liqui dno r

highl y mobile , an dcan b e reliabl y controlle di n place . EP A an dth e State determine dthat onsit e containmen t

o f th e wast e i s a n appropriat e remedia l action . Th e goal o f

th e remedia l actio n objectiv e i s t o limi t exposur e t o Sit e contaminant s b y coverin g th e landfill s an dlimitin g acces s t o th e materia l in th e landfills . Th e goal o f th e remedia l actio n fo r th e Sit e i s t o reduc e th e potentia l fo r futur e contac t with th e wast e o r

wit h Sit e contaminants , thereb y reducin g risk s t o withi n EPA guidelines . Th e cance r risk s associate dwit

h n o actio n a

t both landfill s i s a

t o r abov e EPA' s guidelin e o f 1 x 10"^ ; afte

r implementatio n o f

th e selecte dremedy , cance r

risk s ar e belo w 1 x 10"^. Th e Hazar dInde x scor e fo r childre n a

t Landfil l No. l wa s 3.26 , whic h exceed s EPA' s preferre dguid e lin e o f

1.0 . Th e HazardInde x score s fo r adult s an dchildre n a

t Landfil l No . 2 wer e 4 8 an d156 , respecfively . Followin g th e implementatio n o f th e remedy , th e Hazar dInde x scor e ha s bee n reduce dto belo w 1. 0 a t bot h landfills . - , Becaus e ther e ar e n o user s o f groun dwate r

hydraulicall y downgradien t o f Landfil l No.l , monitorin g o f

Landfil l No. l wa s conducte dprimaril y fo r th e protectio n o f

aquati c lif

e in th e Willi s Branch . Th e trigge r

level s develope dfo

r eac h o f th e sit e relate dcontaminant s o f concern fo

r groun dwate r

ar e a s follows : styren e (290 0 ug/L) , an dethylbenze n (3,20 0 ug/L) . Th e trigge r level s fo r surfac e wate r

fo r surfac e wate r

monitorin g ar e a s follows : styren e (1,40 0 ug/L) , ethylbenzen e (1,60 0 ug/L) , an dxylene s (90 0 ug/L . Sedimen t samplin g coincide dwit

h surfac e wate r

samplin g an d use dto ai di n th e evaluatio n o f surfac e wate r

dat aan dsit e conditions .Becaus e afew residentia l well s ar e locate dhydraulicall y downgradien t o f Landfil l N o 2 , monitorin g a

t Landfil l No . 2 ha s bee n conducte dprimaril y fo r th e protectio n o f

human health . Th e trigge r level s develope dfo

r eac h o f th e site-relate dcontaminant s o f concern fo

r groun dwate r

a t Landfil l No . 2 ar e a s follows : styren e (10 0 ug/L) , ethylbenz e ( 5 ug/L) , 1,2,3-trichloropan e ( 5 ug/L) , phenolic s (22,99 9 ug/L) , an dantimon y ( 6 ug/L) . Remed y Implementatio n O n Apri l 8 , 1992 , th e State , EPA , an dth e PRP s entere dint o aConsen t Decre e fo

r implementatio n o f

th e Remedia l Design/Remedia l Actio n fo r bot h landfills . Th e followin g i s asummary o f th e remedia l actio n (se t

fort h belo w i n italics ) require dby th e ROD , followe db y th e activitie s (se t fort h belo w i n regular

type ) that

hav e bee n conducte da

t th e Sit e pursuan t

t o th e ROD , an dwhic h ar e describe din mor e detai l in th e Preliminary Sit e Clos e Ou t Report . • Dee drestriction s (institutiona l controls ) wil l b e place do n bot h landfil l propertie s • An Environmenta l Protectio n Easemen t an dDeclaratio n o f

Restrictiv e Covenant s betwee n Albert aSchmidt , a s Grantor , an dDNREC , o n behal f o f th e Stat e o f

Delaware , a s Grantee , relatin g t o Landfil l No. 2 wa s signe do n February 24 , 2005 . Th e documen t wa s recorde dwit

h th e Offic e o f

th e Recorde r o f Deed s fo r Ken t County , Delawar e o n Apri l 18 , 200 5 t o implemen t

th e institutiona l control s for Landfil l No.l .

• A n Environmenta l Protectio n Easemen t an dDeclaratio n o f

Restrictiv e Covenant s betwee n Kowinsky Farms , Inc , a s Grantor , an dDNREC , o n behal f o f th e Stat e o f

Delaware , a s Grantee , relatin g to Landfil l No. 2 wa s signe do n Septembe r

24 , 2008 . Th e documen t wa s recorde dwit

h th e Offic e o f th e Recorde r

o f Deed s fo r Kent County , Delawar e o n Novembe r 26 , 200 8 t o implemen t

th e institutiona l control s for Landfil l No.2 .

• Th

e entir e wast e disposa l area s o f bot h landfill s wil l b e enclose dby achain-lin k - securit y fenc e wit

h alocke dgat e t o restric t th e acces s o f

unauthorize dperson s an d equipmen t

ont o th e landfills . Appropriat e warnin g sign s wil l b e place dalon g th e fence . Si x foo t

chain-lin k

security fence s were place daroun dbot h landfill s an d warnin g sign s were place daroun dth e fences . .

• Cove r

materia l wil l b e place dalon g th e norther n slop e o f Landfil l No . 1 t o eliminat e exposur e t o leachat e seeps . Mulc h wa s place dalon g th e northern slop e o f Landfil l No . 1 to cove r

expose dleachat e seeps . Th e cove r wa s grade dt o confor

m wit h th e existin g drainag e patterns .

• Area s o f

Landfil l No . 2 whic h hav e subside ddu e t o uneve n settlin g o f wast e wil l b e backfille dt o grad e an dseeded . Th e subside dareas , a s wel l a s othe r portion s o f

th e• landfil l surface , wer e covere dwith soi l an dgrade da s neede dt o promot e surfac e drainage . Followin g re-grading , th e landfil l surfac e an dothe r disturbe darea s wer e seede dan dmulche dt o preven t erosion . Leachat e collectio n well s a t Landfil l No . 2 wil l b e seale dwit h grou t t o reduc e th e potentia l fo r

direc t contac t wit h leachate . Th e vertica l section s o f th e leachat e collectio n well s wer e plugge dwit h bentonit e an dfilledt o th e existin g groun d surfac e wit

h grout . Followin g sealing , th e portion s o f th e pipe s that

wer e abov e th e groun dsurfac e were removed , an dth e landfil l surfac e re-graded . Groundwate r

wil l b e sample dsemi-annuall y a t bot h landfills . Thre e well s wer e sample da t Landfil l No . I an dfou

r a t Landfil l No . 2 . Th e samplin g parameter s wer e ethylbenzene , styrene , 1,2,3-trichloropropane , antimony , an dphenolics , a s wel l a s fieldparameters . Groundwate r wa s sample dsemi-annuall y i n 199 3 an d1994 , an d annuall y thereafter

unti l 1999 . N o contaminatio n wa s foun di n th e groundwate r a t Landfil l No . 1 . Phenolic s wer e foun di n several well s a t Landfil l No . 2 , bu t

a t concentration s thre e order s o f magnitud e belo w th e actio n level . Groundwate r monitorin g was discontinue dbase do n th e recommendatio n t o d o s o in th e Firs t Five-Year review . Durin g th e preparatio n an dcompletio n o f th e Final Clos e Ou t Report in Februar

y 2009 , EP A decide dmonitorin g shoul dresum e a t aminimu mo f ever y five year s becaus e wast e ha s bee n lef t in plac e a

t th e Site , Th e landfill s wil l b e inspectedsemi-annuall y durin g groundwate r samplin g events . Th e Sit e ha s bee n inspecte dregularl y a s require di n th e RO D an droutin e maintenanc e activitie s hav e bee n performe da s needed . Th e routin e maintenanc e activitie s hav e generall y consiste do f mino r fenc e repairs , replacemen t o f warnin g signs , an dmowin g th e surfac e o f Landfil l No . 2 . Surfac e wate r

monitorin g wil l b e conducte da t th e Willi s Branc h adjacen t t o Landfil l No . I a t

th e sam e time a s groundwate r monitorin g fo r

aperio do f

n o les s tha n five years . Thre e samplin g location s were selecte di n th e Willi s Branc h (on e upstream , on e adjacen t

to , an don e downstrea mo f Landfil l No . 1) . Th e selecte d parameter s wer e ethylbenzene , styrene , an dtota l xylene , a s wel l a s fieldparameters . N o contaminant s were detecte di n th e surfac e wate r durin g any samplin g event . Durin g th e first

samplin g event , xylen e wa s detecte din th e upstreamsedimen t samplin g location . Th e concentratio n wa s low , an dthi s compoun dwa s no t detecte d i n any subsequen t

samplin g event . Surfac e waite r an dsedimen t

monitorin g wa s discontinue dbase do n th e recomrnendatio n t o d o s o i n th e Firs t

Five-Year

review . Durin g th e preparatio n an dcompletio n o f th e Final Clos e Ou t

Repor t i n February 2009 , EPA decide dmonitorin g shoul dresum e a t aminimu mo f

ever y five year s becaus e wast e ha s bee n lef t in plac e a

t th e Site ,O n Septembe r 9 , 1993 , EPA an dDNRE C conducte dth e final constructio n inspection . O n Septembe r

29 , 1993 , EPA signe dth e Preliminary Sit e Clos e Ou t Report , whic h documente dthat th e PRP s hadcomplete dconstructio n activitie s a t th e Site . 

## V . PROGRES S SINC E TH E LAS T FIVE-YEA RREVIE W An Environmenta l Protectio n Easemen t an dDeclaratio n o f

Restrictiv e Covenant s betwee n Albert aSchmidt , a s Grantor , an dDNREC , o n behal f o f th e Stat e o f

Delaware , a s Grantee , relatin g t o Landfil l No. 2 wa s signe do n February 24 , 2005 . Th e documen t wa s recorde dwith th e Offic e o f th e Recorde r

o f Deed s fo r Ken t County , Delawar e o n Apri l 18 , 200 5 t o implemen t th e institutiona l control s for

Landfil l No . 1 . An Environmenta l Protectio n Easemen t an dDeclaratio n o f

Restrictiv e Covenant s betwee n Kowinsk y Farms , Inc , a s Grantor , an dDNREC , o n behal f o f th e Stat e o f

Delaware , a s Grantee , relatin g to Landfil l No. 2 wa s signe do n Septembe r 24 , 2008 . Th e documen t wa s recorde dwith th e Offic e o f th e Recorde r

o f Deed s fo r Ken t County , Delawar e o n Novembe r 26 , 200 8 t o implemen t th e institutiona l control s for Landfil l No.2 . Th e PRPs ' submitte dth e Wor k Completio n Report

o n Decembe r

18 , 2008 , whic h summarize s al l o f

th e wor k complete da

t th e Site . Th e Final Closeou t Report wa s signe do n Februar y 19 , 2009 , an dEP A wil l prepar e th e Notic e o f Inten t t o Delete , pendin g th e result s o f th e planne dsamplin g event . Th e PRPs ' mo w th e gras s onc e ayea r a t landfil l No . 2 . Also , the y submitte dafive yea r monitorin g report

in Apri l 2009 . Thi s monitorin g report include s groundwater , surfac e water , an d sedimen t monitorin g result s frommonitorin g event s conducte do n Marc h 2 1 an dMarc h 22 , 2009 . Thes e were th e first

samplin g event s followin g th e completio n o f th e Final Clos e Ou t

Report . 

## V L FIVE-YEA RREVIE W PROCES S Administrativ

e Component

s EPA notifie dDNRE C in Decembe r 200 8 o f th e initiatio n o f

th e five-year

review . Th e fiveyea r revie w teamwas le db y Ronnie M . Davis , th e EP A Remedia l Projec t Manage r (RPM ) for

th e Site . Stev e Johnso n o f

DNRE C assiste din th e revie w a s th e representativ e fo r th e support

agency . Th e five-year

revie w schedul e include dth e followin g components :

• Community Involvement ;

• Documen t

Review ; 8• Dat areview ;

" • Sit e Inspection ; an d

• Five-Yea

r Revie w Report

Developmen t

an dReview . Communit y Involvemen t Carri e Deitzel , EPA' s Community Involvemen t Coordinator , informe dlocal official s that EP A wa s conductin g th e Five-Year Review . EPA wil l plac e apubli c notic e i n th e Delawar e Stat e News , afte

r th e 3^' ' Five-Year

Revie w i s signed , t o infor mth e publi c that

th e Five-Year

Revie w ha s bee n conducte dan dthat

th e finding s ar e available . 

### Documen t

Revie w Th e followin g document s were reviewe dfo r thi s Five-Year

Review :

• Consen t

Decre e (entere dby th e Cour t o n Apri l 8 , 1992 )

• Secon dFive-Year

Revie w Report

(Ma y 25 , 2004 )

• Final Closeou t

Report (February 19 , 2009 )

• Coke r Sanitatio n Service s Landfill s O & M Progres s Report ( 2009 )

• Wor k Completio n Report

(2008 ) 

### Dat aRevie w Samplin g for

ethylbenzen e an dstyren e were approve di n th e samplin g an danalysi s plan an dmonitore ddurin g th e 200 9 samplin g even t a t landfil l No.l . Neithe r

paramete r

wa s detecte din th e groun dwater . Samplin g for

ethylbenzene , styrene , 1,2,3-tricloropropane , antimony , an dtota l phenolic s were approve di n th e samplin g plan an dmonitore ddurin g th e 200 9 samplin g even t a t landfil l No . 2 . Ehylbenzene , styrene , an dphenolic s wer e no t detecte din th e groun dwater , an dantimon y wa s belo w th e trigge r

levelo f 6 ug/1 . Thre e parameter s wer e analyze din surfac e wate r an dsediments : ethylbenzene , styrene , an d xylene s (total) . Non e o f

th e parameter s were detecte din surfac e wate r o r sediments . fSit e Inspectio n

O n Apri l 6 , 2009 , Ronni e M . Davis , EPA' s RPM fo r th e Site , Stephe n Johnson , DNREC' s Projec t Manage r fo r th e Site , an dScot

t R . Mille r o f Clean Site s Environmenta l Services , Inc. , th e representativ e fo

r th e PRPs , conducte daSit e inspectio n a s par t o f th e five-yea

r revie w process . Th e objectiv e o f

th e inspectio n wa s t o asses s th e protectivenes s o f th e remedy . Th e fenc e surroundin g Landfil l No . 2 ha s bee n cu t in several places , an dit

look s a s i f

atre e fell o n th e fenc e a t on e location . Scot

t Mille r wil l hav e th e fenc e repaire db y Novembe r 2009 . 

## VI L TECHNICA L ASSESSMEN T Questio n A : I s th e Remed y Functionin g a s Intende dby th e Decisio n Document ? Yes . • Th e revie w o f

th e site-relate ddocuments , ris k assumptions , an dth e resul t o f th e Sit e inspectio n indicate s that

th e remedy i s functionin g a s intende dby th e ROD . Questio n B : Ar e th e Exposur e Assumption s Data , Cleanu p Levels , an dRemedia l Actio n Objective s (RAOs ) Use da t th e Tim e o f

th e Remed y Selectio n Stil l Valid ? Yes . Remedial Actio n Objective s Th e goal o f

th e remedia l actio n wa s t o reduc e th e potentia l for futur e contac t wit h th e wast e o r wit h Sit e contaminants , thereb y reducin g risk s t o withi n EP A guidelines . Th e cance r risk s associate dwit

h n o actio n a

t bot h landfill s wa s a

t o r abov e EPA' s guidelin e o f 1 x lO"* ; afte

r implementatio n o f

th e selecte dremedy , cance r risk s are belo w 1 x 10 " . Th e HazardInde x scor e wa s abov e 1.0 a

t both landfills ; afte

r implementatio n o f

th e remedy , th e Hazar dInde x score wa s reduce d belo w 1.0 . Th e security fence , cove r materia l place do n th e landfills , an dclosur e o f th e leachat e collectio n well s a

t Landfil l No . 2 hav e reduce dth e potentia l fo r contac t wit h th e landfil l wast e an d leachate . Institutiona l control s hav e bee n implemente dan dal l remedia l actio n objective s hav e bee n met . Becaus e ther e ar e n o user s o f groun dwate r

hydraulicall y downgradien t o f Landfil l No.l , monitorin g o f

Landfil l No . 1 wa s conducte dprimaril y fo r th e protectio n o f

aquati c lif

e in th e Willi s Branch . Th e trigge r

level s develope dfor

eac h o f th e sit e relate dcontaminan t o f concern fo

r groundwate r

ar e a s follows : styren e (290 0 ug/L) , an dethylbenzen e (3,20 0 ug/L) . Th e trigge r level s fo r surfac e wate r

fo r surfac e wate r

monitorin g ar e a s follows : styren e (1,40 0 ug/L) , ethylbenzen e (1,60 0 ug/L) , and.xylene s (90 0 ug/L) . Becaus e afew residentia l well s ar e locate dhydraulicall y downgradien t o f Landfil l N o 2 , monitorin g a

t Landfil l No . 2 ha s bee n conducte dprimaril y fo r th e protectio n o f

human health . Th e 1 0trigge r

level s develope dfor

eac h o f th e site-relate dcontaminant s o f concern fo

r groun dwate r

a t Landfil l No . 2 ar e a s follows : styren e (10 0 ug/L) , ethylbenzen e ( 5 ug/L) , 1,2,3-trichloropan e ( 5 ug/L) , phenolic s (22,99 9 ug/L) , an dantimon y ( 6 ug/L) . Change s in Standard s an dT o B e Considere d(TBCs ) Ther e hav e bee n n o change s in ARAR s o r TBC s that

affec t th e protectivenes s o f

th e remedy . Al l ARAR s wer e constructio n related . Change s in Exposur e Pathways , Toxicity , an dContaminan t Characteristic s Becaus e th e State regulation s unde r whic h th e landfill s wer e close ddi dno t requir e dee d restriction s o n th e property , EP A evaluate donsit e ris k unde r ahypothetica l residentia l us e scenario . Risk s t o offsite resident s resultin g fromexposur e t o contaminant s release dfromlandfil l No . 2 wast e cell s int o th e shallo w groundwate r followin g line r

failure wer e als o evaluated . Th e overal l risk s quantifie di n th e ris k assessmen t

were primaril y base dupo n exposur e t o th e followin g compounds : benzene , cadmium , chloroform , dibuty l phthalate , manganese , phenol , cresol , ethylbenzene , an dstyrene . Thes e assumption s ar e considere dconservativ e an dreasonabl e i n evaluatin g an ddevelopin g risk-base dcleanu p levels . N o change s t o thes e assumptions ; o r th e cleanu p level s develope dfromthe mare warranted . 

### Questio n C : Ha s An y Othe r Informatio n Com e t o Ligh t Tha t Coul dCal l int o Questio n th e Protectivenes s o f th e Remedy ? N o . . • . • . . . _ Technica l Assessmen t Summar y Th e revie w o f

th e site-relate ddocuments , ris k assumptions , an dth e result s o f th e Sit e inspectio n indicate s that

th e remedy i s functionin g a s intende dby th e ROD . Currently , th e lan di s no t bein g used ; however , durin g th e Sit e inspection , on e o f th e owner s o f

Landfil l No. 2 expresse d a n interes t in rernovin g th e fenc e fromaroun dth e landfil l an dallowin g dee r t o graz e o n th e grass . Groundwate r

monitorin g wa s discontinue dbase do n th e recommendatio n t o d o s o i n th e Firs t Five-Year . Durin g th e preparatio n an dcompletio n o f th e Final Clos e Ou t

Report i n Februar

y 2009 . EP A determine dmonitorin g shoul dresum e a t aminimu mo f

every five year s becaus e wast e ha s bee n lef

t in plac e a

t th e Site . A monitorin g repor t wa s complete din Apri l 200 9 an dEPA i s preparin g t o delet e th e Sit e fromth e NPL . Therefore , i t i s recommende dthat

a n additiona l roun d o f groundwater , surfac e wate r an dsedimen t

sample s shoul db e analyze dfo r th e presenc e o f volatil e organi c compounds , semiviolatil e organi c compounds , an dmetals .

## VIII . ISSUE S

Tabl e 2 - Issue s Issu e Th e chai n link

security fenc e ha s bee n cu t in several places . Additionally , atre e ha s falle n o n asecfio n o f

th e fence . EPA i s preparin g t o delet e th e Sit e fromth e NPL . Groundwater , surfac e wate r an d sediment s shoul db e analyze dfo r th e presenc e o f volatil e organi c compounds , semiviolatil e organi c compounds , an dmetals . Currentl y Affect s Protectivenes s (Y/N ) N

N Affect s Futur e

Protectivenes s (Y/N) , N

N



## IX . RECOMMENDATION S AN D FOLLOW-U P ACTIO N Tabl e 3 - Recommendation s an dFollow-U p Action s Issu e

Th e chai n link security fenc e ha s bee n cu t i n several places . Additionally , atre e ha s falle n o n a sectio n o f th e fence . Groundwater , surfac e wate r

an d sediment s shoul db e analyze dfo

r th e presenc e o f

volatil e organi c compounds , semiviolatil e organi c compounds , an d metals . Recommendation s

Repai r th e fence .

Monito r for volatil e organi c compounds , semivolatil e organi c compound s an d metals . Part y Responsibl e PR P

PRP Oversigh t

Agenc y EPA

EPA Mileston e

Dat e Novembe r 200 9

Novembe r 200 9 Affect s

Protecfiveness ? (Y/N ) Curren t Futur e N

N N

N

1 2

## X . PROTECTIVENES S STATEMEN T

Th e remedy a

t th e Sit e currentl y protect s human health an dth e environment . Th e chai n link security fence s aroun dth e wast e disposa l area s o f both landfill s restric t

acces s t o th e Sit e an d reduc e th e potentia l fo

r exposur e t o Sit e contaminants . Th e soi l cove r o n th e landfill s prevent s direc t contac t with th e waste , minimize s migratio n o f contaminant s t o th e groundwater , an d reduce s th e generatio n o f leachate . Ther e i s n o evidenc e o f erosio n o r

abreac h o f

th e soi l cove r

o n eithe r landfill . Th e closur e o f

th e leachat e collectio n well s a t Landfil l No . 2 ha s reduce dth e potentia l for

direc t contac t wit h leachate . Thus , ther e i s n o know n evidenc e o f curren t exposur e t o th e wast e o r

Site contaminant s an dth e remedy i s considere dprotectiv e in th e short-term . I n th e lon g term , th e remed y i s protectiv e becaus e th e dee drestriction s (institutiona l controls ) require db y th e ROD , whic h restric t

th e us e o f

th e land , hav e bee n implemente dby th e us e o f Environmenta l Easements . Th e institutiona l control s ensur e long-termprotectivenes s by prohibitin g any typ e o f acfivit y that coul ddistur

b th e landfil l surface s o r

th e underlyin g wast e a

t eac h landfill , o r

i n any wa y increas e th e ris k

o f exposur e t o Sit e contaminants , including , bu t no t limite dto , any soil

disturbin g activifie s a

t th e Sit e 

## XI . NEX T REVIE W Th e nex t five-year revie w fo

r th e Coker' s Sanitatio n Servic e Landfill s Sit e i s require di n Ma y 2014 , five year s fromth e dat e o f thi s review .

1 3v .



### 0 

### SctftinN * 8oiw«U.l.afTopoflbpiiiaQadrinilJ^Doir^^ • OE i f«*» » • « • • • w l \ \ \