Released: October 2017

Next MECS will be fielded in 2019

Table 10.20 Reasons that Made Electricity Unswitchable, 2014;

 Level: National Data;

 Row: NAICS Codes;

 Column: Reasons that Made Quantity Unswitchable;

 Unit: Million Kilowatthours.

Total Amount of Total Amount of Equipment is Not Switching Unavailable Long-Term Unavailable

NAICS Electricity Unswitchable Capable of Using Adversely Affects Alternative Environmental Contract Storage for Another Combinations of Don't Know/

Code(a) Subsector and Industry Consumed as Fuel Electricity Fuel Use Another Fuel the Products Fuel Supply Restrictions(b) in Place(c) Alternative Fuels(d) Reason Cols. F, G, H, I, J, and K Didn't Answer

Total United States

311 Food 72,444 69,277 52,118 789 516 526 1,117 896 4,757 2,818 5,738

 3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 14,641 13,961 10,355 62 248 106 28 438 1,560 177 988

 311221 Wet Corn Milling 6,472 6,277 4,250 0 177 2 0 438 794 26 589

 31131 Sugar Manufacturing 1,355 1,203 708 7 0 0 144 0 72 114 157

 3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 9,541 9,208 6,992 209 92 71 95 238 580 175 757

 3115 Dairy Product 10,364 9,733 7,224 Q 113 97 124 56 778 726 465

 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 18,200 17,607 13,973 Q Q 131 176 155 1,162 877 1,004

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 9,755 9,145 6,234 Q 126 52 71 31 Q 117 1,274

 3121 Beverages 8,816 8,220 5,441 Q 120 52 71 31 Q 117 1,262

 3122 Tobacco 940 926 793 0 7 0 0 0 113 * 12

313 Textile Mills 12,773 12,259 7,942 Q Q 1 Q 0 Q 631 Q

314 Textile Product Mills 2,748 2,551 1,848 Q 0 0 Q 13 471 Q 153

315 Apparel 803 699 346 Q 0 0 Q Q 66 Q 198

316 Leather and Allied Products 316 316 282 * Q 0 18 Q 4 * 6

321 Wood Products 21,901 21,303 18,154 159 27 55 123 47 1,309 517 912

 321113 Sawmills 5,600 5,427 4,552 59 13 14 38 34 361 126 231

 3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 7,387 7,312 6,740 Q 0 11 65 Q 196 209 85

 321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 4,926 4,926 4,631 0 0 0 58 0 50 177 Q

 3219 Other Wood Products 8,523 8,198 6,550 96 Q Q Q Q 733 170 584

322 Paper 61,835 58,548 44,353 274 1,608 132 1,973 Q 6,751 2,502 951

 322110 Pulp Mills 1,710 1,708 1,662 0 0 0 0 0 46 0 0

 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 19,914 18,445 14,178 106 639 0 778 0 2,166 505 74

 322122 Newsprint Mills 8,245 8,245 6,385 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,621 239

 322130 Paperboard Mills 18,943 17,621 11,603 118 165 132 936 0 4,222 367 79

323 Printing and Related Support 14,213 13,372 10,638 85 Q Q Q Q 1,218 301 483

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 53,679 52,283 46,663 31 505 474 43 47 2,839 782 899

 324110 Petroleum Refineries 50,738 49,491 44,340 0 485 434 0 0 2,715 711 806

 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 934 798 568 6 20 34 43 Q 31 31 53

 324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 730 719 670 0 0 6 0 5 11 11 15

 324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 593 593 476 0 * 0 0 31 69 13 4

325 Chemicals 146,312 140,489 100,479 1,080 Q 1,394 5,659 485 14,677 4,403 11,176

 325110 Petrochemicals W W 3,400 0 0 W 0 0 1,229 1,348 0

 325120 Industrial Gases 19,969 19,965 14,884 0 0 0 0 0 1 139 4,942

 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 23,853 23,619 16,305 830 94 14 3,263 Q 2,220 376 367

 325193 Ethyl Alcohol 11,390 11,362 9,330 0 73 105 243 0 771 536 304

 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 3,017 3,017 3,005 0 2 0 0 0 * 0 11

 325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals W W 13,725 64 Q W 0 77 2,768 800 750

 325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 23,904 20,184 12,481 Q 14 0 1,464 9 4,896 Q 1,247

 325212 Synthetic Rubber 1,162 1,119 695 0 0 0 0 0 200 2 221

 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 3,256 3,027 2,803 15 0 * 73 0 100 0 35

 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 3,847 3,847 2,945 0 0 * 609 0 2 2 288

 325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 2,125 2,125 1,784 0 0 0 0 3 * 0 338

 3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 10,682 10,079 7,668 74 69 Q Q 75 958 755 213

 325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 5,609 5,229 3,820 66 50 36 0 50 583 546 78

 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 996 990 910 * 0 0 2 0 40 0 39

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 55,629 53,297 35,250 954 Q 0 Q 15 5,032 3,426 Q

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 37,783 37,295 28,891 732 Q 254 Q 398 2,660 2,112 1,609

 327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories W W 1,223 8 * 0 11 0 95 70 W

 327211 Flat Glass 1,694 1,599 1,222 262 0 88 0 0 0 27 0

 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware W W 1,721 208 * 0 0 Q 119 16 W

 327213 Glass Containers 3,544 3,538 3,013 0 0 0 93 0 0 431 1

 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 3,341 3,330 2,824 115 0 Q Q 0 115 136 133

 327310 Cements 10,959 10,959 8,046 0 0 0 0 339 1,346 753 475

 327410 Lime 1,481 1,480 1,137 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 342

 327420 Gypsum 1,368 1,368 1,062 125 0 0 0 56 45 0 80

 327993 Mineral Wool 3,205 3,132 2,637 0 0 0 3 1 180 305 6

331 Primary Metals 131,400 130,750 104,231 6,666 1,105 123 2,210 209 8,406 3,138 4,661

 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 60,334 60,008 50,987 1,639 532 1 972 0 3,085 1,864 928

 3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 6,556 6,503 4,758 W 10 6 64 0 W 99 202

 3313 Alumina and Aluminum 38,229 38,084 26,056 W 19 65 1,046 0 W 657 2,355

 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 4,695 4,692 4,514 3 19 0 5 0 61 2 88

 331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 4,494 4,488 2,873 0 0 0 990 0 0 591 35

 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 1,741 1,684 1,214 0 0 49 51 0 141 63 167

 3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 13,062 12,973 10,526 69 538 0 99 1 540 355 846

 331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 7,810 7,808 6,937 0 0 0 0 1 209 103 558

 3315 Foundries 13,218 13,181 11,904 71 5 50 Q 209 419 162 331

 331511 Iron Foundries 6,046 6,045 5,535 Q 0 3 0 209 50 103 105

 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die-Casting Foundries 2,105 2,090 1,782 7 0 47 0 0 172 49 33

 331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die-Casting 793 773 666 2 0 0 4 0 30 11 60

332 Fabricated Metal Products 41,866 39,245 30,201 Q Q 0 Q Q 2,049 1,556 3,424

333 Machinery 23,482 22,612 17,236 402 Q 158 Q Q 2,385 Q 1,672

334 Computer and Electronic Products 32,802 31,506 20,768 0 Q 3,078 Q Q 1,075 2,431 3,179

 334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 19,101 18,727 11,125 0 0 2,860 86 Q 397 1,742 2,463

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 11,727 11,434 7,007 Q Q Q 1,274 0 1,245 Q 867

336 Transportation Equipment 45,169 43,406 33,432 646 Q 376 Q Q 3,523 2,089 2,264

 336111 Automobiles 3,592 3,589 2,666 0 0 0 0 0 * 922 0

 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 3,573 3,573 2,723 0 0 0 0 2 614 234 0

 3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 9,432 9,019 6,782 174 87 257 39 Q 806 167 698

 336411 Aircraft 3,198 3,008 2,424 0 0 0 Q 0 423 0 158

337 Furniture and Related Products 5,072 4,663 2,898 Q Q 0 Q Q 465 461 421

339 Miscellaneous 8,430 7,825 5,819 Q Q Q Q 0 763 403 524

Total 790,140 762,274 574,791 13,117 7,059 7,225 16,345 3,576 62,732 28,647 48,781

Non Switchable Amount Attributed to:

 (a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

 (b) The environmental resrictions related to air quality that limit the amount of the usable alternative fuel that could be used instead. 

 (c) Long-term contracts are typically with a utility or third-party supplier such as an energy broker and requires the purchase of a fuel for an extended amount of time. 
 (d) The storage of usable alternative fuels is not available due to the potential environmental impact of storage tanks.

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-846, '2014 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.' 

 * Estimate less than 0.5.

 W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

 Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

 NA=Not available.

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 
Released: October 2017

Next MECS will be fielded in 2019

RSE Table 10.20 Relative Standard Errors for Table 10.20;

 Unit: Percents.

Total Amount of Total Amount of Equipment is Not Switching Unavailable Long-Term Unavailable

NAICS Electricity Unswitchable Capable of Using Adversely Affects Alternative Environmental Contract Storage for Another Combinations of Don't Know/

Code(a) Subsector and Industry Consumed as Fuel Electricity Fuel Use Another Fuel the Products Fuel Supply Restrictions(b) in Place(c) Alternative Fuels(d) Reason Cols. F, G, H, I, J, and K Didn't Answer

Total United States

311 Food 2.5 2.6 3.2 21.6 9.9 22.6 32.8 5.8 9.9 14.0 11.9

 3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 1.9 2.0 2.2 0.1 0.1 6.1 0.1 0.1 7.3 13.9 20.2

 311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

 31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 X X 0.1 X 0.1 0.1 0.1

 3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 6.0 6.2 7.8 13.6 15.8 0.1 13.3 16.8 23.5 9.1 22.1

 3115 Dairy Product 2.2 2.4 3.1 55.5 18.2 21.8 11.3 14.9 8.3 8.2 16.7

 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 2.3 2.5 3.2 89.0 70.7 0.1 17.3 20.1 14.1 10.6 15.5

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 7.6 8.1 2.7 68.2 2.0 47.7 26.1 39.3 60.4 26.8 8.5

 3121 Beverages 8.4 9.0 3.1 68.2 2.1 47.7 26.1 39.3 66.7 26.9 8.6

 3122 Tobacco 0.0 0.1 0.1 X 0.1 X X X 0.1 0.1 0.1

313 Textile Mills 13.5 14.0 9.3 88.5 52.1 0.1 86.0 X 67.7 34.9 62.2

314 Textile Product Mills 9.0 9.4 10.3 99.4 X X 81.3 45.6 34.5 99.0 26.5

315 Apparel 9.3 9.3 15.2 89.2 X X 81.1 58.6 28.5 89.9 12.2

316 Leather and Allied Products 7.4 7.4 8.3 36.5 74.4 X 26.3 67.2 37.4 92.0 7.4

321 Wood Products 11.6 11.9 13.9 22.0 49.4 29.3 12.0 37.1 25.6 11.9 13.1

 321113 Sawmills 3.2 3.3 3.9 20.7 41.4 0.1 12.3 42.4 5.0 7.3 16.8

 3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 4.8 4.8 5.2 62.6 X 0.1 0.1 88.2 8.9 7.6 30.8

 321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 7.1 7.1 7.5 X X X 0.1 X 1.3 0.1 55.9

 3219 Other Wood Products 29.5 30.6 38.1 34.1 85.7 72.0 69.5 89.1 45.5 34.5 18.9

322 Paper 1.5 1.6 2.0 15.8 24.9 0.1 7.9 98.9 4.1 0.3 26.8

 322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X X 0.0 X X

 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 X 0.1 X 0.1 0.1 0.1

 322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X X X 0.0 0.0

 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0

323 Printing and Related Support 17.6 18.6 23.2 47.1 57.3 53.6 99.0 64.1 20.4 42.5 39.4

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 0.1 0.1 0.1 16.1 0.1 1.1 6.4 14.7 0.1 0.7 2.1

 324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.1 0.1 0.1 X 0.1 0.1 X X 0.1 0.1 0.1

 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 3.6 3.7 5.1 0.1 3.4 15.7 6.4 61.5 7.8 5.1 5.6

 324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 0.9 0.9 1.1 X X 0.1 X 0.1 0.0 3.8 16.3

 324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

325 Chemicals 1.7 1.8 2.3 18.5 50.2 11.2 1.4 33.9 5.5 6.8 6.4

 325110 Petrochemicals 0.1 0.1 0.1 X X 0.1 X X 0.1 0.1 X

 325120 Industrial Gases 6.9 6.9 9.2 X X X X X 0.1 0.1 1.0

 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 1.9 1.9 2.5 23.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 73.7 2.6 3.1 10.8

 325193 Ethyl Alcohol 3.6 3.6 4.7 X 49.3 0.1 33.5 X 6.2 9.1 12.3

 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X X 0.0 X 0.0

 325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 3.2 3.2 2.0 13.5 64.5 64.8 X 0.1 4.8 5.8 1.2

 325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 2.6 3.1 4.9 75.9 19.9 X 0.3 0.1 4.7 55.4 8.6

 325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X X 0.0 0.0 0.0

 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X 0.0

 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 4.3 4.3 5.6 X X 0.0 0.1 X 0.1 0.1 0.1

 325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 0.0 0.0 X 0.0

 3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 11.3 11.9 15.7 20.4 11.9 52.9 85.4 21.8 0.6 1.0 14.8

 325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 1.9 2.0 2.8 19.9 0.1 4.2 X 16.1 1.0 1.3 25.9

 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.0 X X 0.1 X 0.1 X 0.1

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 9.9 10.4 9.2 49.3 81.6 X 52.6 0.1 36.5 46.1 61.8

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 3.7 3.7 4.5 7.5 81.7 38.8 70.6 0.6 7.1 5.3 10.3

 327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 1.8 1.9 1.8 36.9 53.0 X 0.1 X 13.2 23.5 15.7

 327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X X 0.0 X

 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 1.0 1.0 0.7 7.9 66.7 X X 95.1 0.1 3.2 16.2

 327213 Glass Containers 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 0.0 X X 0.0 0.0

 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 1.8 1.8 1.2 44.8 X 94.3 72.4 X 10.4 0.3 6.9

 327310 Cements 0.9 0.9 1.2 X X X X 0.1 2.9 0.1 0.5

 327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X X X 0.0 0.0

 327420 Gypsum 1.9 1.9 2.4 0.1 X X X 0.1 0.1 X 0.1

 327993 Mineral Wool 0.6 0.6 0.5 X X X 0.1 0.1 9.0 0.0 26.6

331 Primary Metals 1.2 1.2 0.9 18.5 20.1 0.1 1.6 0.1 1.9 1.5 3.6

 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 X 0.1 0.1 0.1

 3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 18.7 18.8 1.5 93.4 48.8 0.1 26.6 X 0.1 34.9 15.1

 3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 X 0.1 1.0 0.2

 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 X 0.1 X 0.1 0.1 0.1

 331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 1.1 1.1 1.7 X X X 0.1 X X 0.1 0.1

 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 0.8 0.8 0.8 X X 0.1 0.1 X 4.6 10.3 3.2

 3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 2.2 2.2 1.0 8.6 41.3 X 27.0 0.1 11.3 8.6 18.8

 331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0.7 0.7 0.0 X X X X 0.1 26.3 0.1 0.0

 3315 Foundries 6.8 6.9 7.5 36.9 0.1 0.1 52.4 0.1 34.2 1.1 11.9

 331511 Iron Foundries 2.5 2.5 2.7 58.5 X 0.1 X 0.1 23.0 0.1 26.6

 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die-Casting Foundries 1.2 1.2 1.5 17.2 X 0.1 X X 3.6 0.0 13.9

 331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die-Casting 3.9 4.0 4.6 22.6 X X 0.1 X 15.9 16.7 0.2

332 Fabricated Metal Products 8.1 8.4 10.0 59.7 84.3 X 88.8 64.7 34.6 43.4 31.6

333 Machinery 8.7 8.9 10.8 44.6 76.0 25.0 86.2 55.5 35.0 59.0 29.7

334 Computer and Electronic Products 4.2 4.2 6.0 X 61.1 6.2 58.3 64.0 16.3 11.4 7.0

 334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 1.3 1.3 1.7 X X 0.1 0.1 85.6 0.1 8.9 1.4

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 8.5 8.8 12.7 70.4 97.5 73.9 33.6 X 16.2 62.3 39.7

336 Transportation Equipment 5.1 5.3 6.8 32.5 60.2 32.6 84.1 93.3 15.3 24.7 22.7

 336111 Automobiles 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X X 0.0 0.0 X

 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 0.0 0.0 0.0 X

 3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 6.8 7.1 9.3 48.0 7.0 17.0 8.8 86.2 4.5 30.6 16.8

 336411 Aircraft 19.0 20.2 25.0 X X X 95.3 X 2.3 X 23.8

337 Furniture and Related Products 8.3 8.9 11.8 91.3 55.9 X 93.4 60.5 26.6 39.5 36.2

339 Miscellaneous 9.3 9.6 11.9 73.5 70.5 83.8 70.4 X 29.1 42.7 37.2

Total 1.2 1.2 1.3 11.1 14.8 5.6 7.6 12.9 4.6 6.9 9.5

Non Switchable Amount Attributed to:

 (a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

 (b) The environmental resrictions related to air quality that limit the amount of the usable alternative fuel that could be used instead. 

 (c) Long-term contracts are typically with a utility or third-party supplier such as an energy broker and requires the purchase of a fuel for an extended amount of time. 

 (d) The storage of usable alternative fuels is not available due to the potential environmental impact of storage tanks.

 * Estimate less than 0.5.

 W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

 Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

 NA=Not available.
 -- Estimation is not applicable. Energy source is not included in series.

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-846, '2014 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.' 

 X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a value of zero.