III 

Calendar No. 345 

111TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. RES. 446 

Commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation 

of Nuclear Weapons. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MARCH 8, 2010 

Mr. CASEY (for himself and Mr. KERRY) submitted the following resolution; 

which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

APRIL 13, 2010 

Reported by Mr. KERRY, with an amendment and an amendment to the 

preamble 

[Strike out all after the resolving clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

[Strike the preamble and insert the part printed in italic] 

RESOLUTION 

Commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Treaty on the 

Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. 

Whereas the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear 

Weapons, done at Washington, London, and Moscow, 

July 1, 1968, and entered into force on March 5, 1970, 

has limited the spread of the most dangerous weapons 

across the globe for 40 years; 


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•SRES 446 RS 

Whereas the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear 

Weapons (also known as the NPT) is the cornerstone of 

the global nuclear nonproliferation regime; 

Whereas 189 members of the United Nations have acceded 

to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, only three states have never signed it, and only one, 

North Korea, has declared its withdrawal from the Treaty; 

Whereas more countries have ratified the Treaty on the NonProliferation of Nuclear Weapons than any other arms 

control or nonproliferation agreement in history; 

Whereas the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear 

Weapons commits non-nuclear weapon states that want 

to benefit from the peaceful application of nuclear technology not to develop nuclear weapons and commits the 

5 recognized nuclear weapon states to take measures to 

achieve, at the earliest possible date, the elimination of 

their nuclear weapon stockpiles; 

Whereas the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear 

Weapons assigns to the International Atomic Energy 

Agency the responsibility of maintaining a safeguards 

system to verify that non-nuclear weapons states party to 

the Treaty are not diverting nuclear technology from 

peaceful uses to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices; 

Whereas, as of December 15, 2009, only 94 countries and 

one regional organization had brought into force an Additional Protocol to their Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency; 

Whereas President John F. Kennedy stated that nuclear 

weapons pose ‘‘the greatest possible danger’’ to the 


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•SRES 446 RS 

United States and warned that the United States could 

soon face a world in which there were 15–20 nuclear 

weapon states, but today, as a result of the global norms 

and mutual assurances established by the Treaty on the 

Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the world has 

only 9 presumed nuclear weapons states; 

Whereas United States policies and bilateral and multilateral 

treaties have reduced the number of nuclear weapons in 

the world from a Cold War high of approximately 70,000 

to approximately 24,000, and the United States has reduced its stockpile of nuclear weapons from a high of 

32,000 warheads and bombs to fewer than 10,000 today; 

Whereas, at the fifth Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, in 1995, states party to the Treaty on the NonProliferation of Nuclear Weapons agreed to extend the 

Treaty indefinitely; 

Whereas the seventh Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, in 2005, failed to respond collectively on a number of issues, including noncompliance, nuclear programs 

in Iran and North Korea, the withdrawal clause, nuclear 

terrorism, clandestine nuclear supply networks, negative 

security assurances, nuclear disarmament, the nuclear 

fuel cycle, and enforcement mechanisms; 

Whereas, on September 24, 2009, a United Nations Security 

Council summit chaired by President Barack Obama 

unanimously adopted United Nations Security Council 

Resolution 1887, which reaffirms the Security Council’s 

commitment to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of 

Nuclear Weapons, calls on states not yet signatories to 

accede to the Treaty, urges full compliance with the 

Treaty by member states, including members facing 

‘‘major challenges’’ with their obligations, and sets goals 


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•SRES 446 RS 

to strengthen the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons at the 2010 Review Conference; 

Whereas the eighth Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference will take place May 3–28, 2010, in New York to 

discuss disarmament, security assurances, nonproliferation, peaceful uses of nuclear energy, the nuclear fuel 

cycle, the mandate of the International Atomic Energy 

Agency, safety and security of nuclear material, universality, Nuclear Weapons-Free Zones, export controls, 

and the Treaty’s withdrawal clause; and 

Whereas the eighth Review Conference presents an opportunity to refocus states party to the NPT on the danger 

that the spread of nuclear weapons poses, to discuss potential ways to deal with countries that continue to pose 

a nuclear security threat, and to find common solutions 

so as to further reduce the number of nuclear weapons 

in the world and enable increased use of nuclear energy 

while improving safeguards to ensure that illicit nuclear 

programs are not occurring: Now, therefore, be it 

Whereas the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, done at Washington, London, and Moscow July 1, 

1968, and entered into force on March 5, 1970, has limited 

the spread of the most dangerous weapons across the globe 

for 40 years; 

Whereas the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (also known as the NPT) is the cornerstone of the global nuclear nonproliferation regime; 

Whereas 189 members of the United Nations have joined the 

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, only 

three states have never signed it, and only one, North 

Korea, has withdrawn from the Treaty; 


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Whereas there are more states party to the Treaty on the NonProliferation of Nuclear Weapons than to any other treaty 

in history; 

Whereas the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons requires non-nuclear weapon states that want to benefit from the peaceful application of nuclear technology not 

to develop nuclear weapons; 

Whereas, pursuant to Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, each of the Parties to the 

Treaty undertakes to pursue negotiations in good faith on 

effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms 

race at an early date and nuclear disarmament and on a 

treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict 

and effective international control; 

Whereas each non-nuclear-weapon state party to the Treaty on 

the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons undertakes to 

accept International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on 

peaceful nuclear activities as set forth in agreements negotiated and concluded with the International Atomic Energy Agency in accordance with the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Agency’s safeguards system for the exclusive purpose of verification of 

the fulfillment of obligations assumed under the Treaty on 

the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons with a view to 

preventing diversion of nuclear energy from peaceful uses 

to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices; 

Whereas 22 non-nuclear-weapon states party to the Treaty on 

the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons have not yet 

brought into force a comprehensive safeguards agreement 

with the International Atomic Energy Agency, as required 

by Article III.l of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of 

Nuclear Weapons; 


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•SRES 446 RS 

Whereas 95 countries and one regional organization have 

brought into force an Additional Protocol to their Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement with the International 

Atomic Energy Agency; 

Whereas President John F. Kennedy stated that nuclear weapons pose ‘‘the greatest possible danger’’ to the United 

States and warned that the United States could soon face 

a world in which there were 15-20 nuclear weapon states, 

but today, as a result of the obligations established by the 

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, only 

four states not party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons may possess weapons; 

Whereas United States policies and bilateral and multilateral 

treaties have reduced the number of nuclear weapons in the 

world from a Cold War high of approximately 70,000 to 

approximately 24,000, and the United States has reduced 

its stockpile of nuclear weapons from a high of 32,000 

warheads and bombs to fewer than 10,000 today; 

Whereas, at the fifth Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, in 1995, states party to the Treaty on the NonProliferation of Nuclear Weapons agreed to extend the 

Treaty indefinitely; 

Whereas, on September 24, 2009, a United Nations Security 

Council summit chaired by President Barack Obama 

unanimously adopted United Nations Security Council 

Resolution 1887, which reaffirms the Security Council’s 

commitment to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, calls on states not yet signatories to accede 

to the Treaty, urges full compliance with the Treaty by 

member states, including members facing ‘‘major challenges’’ with their obligations, and sets goals to strengthen 


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•SRES 446 RS 

the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons at 

the 2010 Review Conference; 

Whereas the eighth Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference will take place May 3–28, 2010, in New York; and 

Whereas the eighth Review Conference presents an opportunity 

to refocus states party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on the danger that the spread of 

nuclear weapons poses, to discuss potential ways to deal 

with countries that continue to pose a nuclear security 

threat, and to find common solutions so as to further reduce the number of nuclear weapons in the world and enable increased use of nuclear energy while improving safeguards to ensure that illicit nuclear programs are not occurring: Now, therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) reaffirms its support for the Treaty on the 

3 Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to prevent 

4 the spread of nuclear weapons, to further reduce the 

5 number of nuclear weapons, and to promote the 

6 sharing of nuclear energy technology for peaceful 

7 purposes; 

8 (2) urges the President to work to achieve uni9 versality in adherence to the Treaty on the Non-Pro10 liferation of Nuclear Weapons; 

11 (3) encourages the President to work with 

12 international partners of the United States and 

13 states party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation 

14 of Nuclear Weapons to have the Model Additional 


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1 Protocol to Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements 

2 become the global standard for safeguards and a re3 quirement for nuclear commerce; 

4 (4) urges the President to ensure that the 

5 International Atomic Energy Agency has the nec6 essary resources, personnel, and technology to con7 duct its oversight responsibilities as they relate to 

8 the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear 

9 Weapons; and 

10 (5) encourages the President to work with other 

11 states party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation 

12 of Nuclear Weapons to strengthen enforcement 

13 mechanisms and develop collective responses to any 

14 notification of withdrawal from the Treaty. 

15 That the Senate— 

16 (1) reaffirms its support for the Treaty on the 

17 Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to prevent the 

18 spread of nuclear weapons, to further reduce the num19 ber of nuclear weapons, and to promote the peaceful 

20 use of nuclear energy; 

21 (2) urges the President to work to achieve uni22 versal compliance with the Treaty on the Non-Pro23 liferation of Nuclear Weapons; 

24 (3) encourages the President to work with inter25 national partners of the United States and states 


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1 party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nu2 clear Weapons to promote the Model Additional Pro3 tocol to all Safeguards Agreements as the global 

4 standard for safeguards and a requirement for nu5 clear commerce; 

6 (4) urges the President to ensure that the Inter7 national Atomic Energy Agency has the necessary re8 sources, personnel, and technology to conduct its over9 sight responsibilities as they relate to the Treaty on 

10 the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons; and 

11 (5) encourages the President to work with other 

12 states party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of 

13 Nuclear Weapons to strengthen compliance and en14 forcement mechanisms and develop collective responses 

15 in the United Nations Security Council and in any 

16 other relevant multilateral fora to any notification of 

17 withdrawal from the Treaty. 


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Calendar No. 345 

111TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. RES. 446 

RESOLUTION 

Commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Treaty 

on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. 

APRIL 13, 2010 

Reported with an amendment and an amendment to the 

preamble 


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