This opinion is nonprecedential except as provided by

Minn. R. Civ. App. P. 136.01, subd. 1(c).

STATE OF MINNESOTA

IN COURT OF APPEALS

A23-0700

Valerie Steiner, 

Appellant, 

vs. 

Campbell Properties, 

Respondent.

Filed January 16, 2024

Affirmed; motion denied

Bjorkman, Judge

Stearns County District Court

File No. 73-CV-23-1882

Valerie Steiner, St. Paul, Minnesota (pro se appellant)

Christopher A. Wills, Rajkowski Hansmeier, Ltd., St. Cloud, Minnesota (for respondent)

Considered and decided by Bjorkman, Presiding Judge; Worke, Judge; and Ede, 

Judge. 

NONPRECEDENTIAL OPINION

BJORKMAN, Judge

In this emergency-tenant-remedies action, appellant Valerie Steiner challenges the 

denial of her petition for relief based on inadequate hot water following an evidentiary 

hearing. Because the record supports the district court’s findings of fact, and the court did 
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not otherwise abuse its discretion, we affirm. And we deny respondent Campbell 

Properties’ motion to strike portions of Steiner’s brief as moot.

FACTS

Campbell Properties operates Keeneland Village, a residential rental facility 

comprised of two 50-unit buildings. Steiner moved into Keeneland Village in April 2022. 

Since moving in, Steiner claims to have experienced intermittent hot-water issues. On 

March 6, 2023, she filed a petition for emergency relief under Minn. Stat. § 504B.381 

(2022), alleging inadequate hot water in her unit and Campbell Properties’ failure to 

remedy the problem. Four days later, the district court issued an emergency order directing 

(1) Campbell Properties to immediately investigate Steiner’s hot-water supply and remedy 

any problems within one week, (2) Steiner to arrange an inspection by the city housingcode enforcement authority, and (3) that Steiner’s March rent be deposited with the district 

court. On March 28, the district court conducted an evidentiary hearing at which the 

following evidence was presented. 

Steiner began complaining about the hot water shortly after she moved in, 

prompting property maintenance employees to check the buildings’ water heaters and the 

water temperature in Steiner’s unit on numerous occasions. Each time they checked, the 

water temperature in Steiner’s unit was at or near 120 degrees.1

 Steiner explained that she 

likes to take 20-minute showers and, while the water temperature is usually fine at the 

beginning, toward the end of the shower the water sometimes turns cold. In May 2022, the 

1 Steiner does not argue that Campbell Properties was required to provide water in excess 

of 120 degrees. 
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head of maintenance adjusted the shower head to maximize the flow of hot water. Steiner 

had no more issues with hot water until October. 

In December 2022, Steiner complained about inadequate hot water. This time, the

maintenance team discovered that one of the two 100-gallon water heaters in Steiner’s 

building was not working. An outside contractor installed a new water heater within three 

days. The building manager explained that just one of the water heaters provides enough

hot water for the whole building. On February 23, 2023, Steiner again complained that she 

did not have enough hot water. Instead of sending their own maintenance workers, 

Campbell Properties hired the same outside contractor to investigate and respond to the 

complaint. The technician tested all the faucets in Steiner’s unit, confirming that the water 

was at or near 120 degrees. 

On March 4—two days before she filed her petition—Steiner conducted her own 

water-temperature testing, which she recorded. The video shows Steiner running water 

over a cooking thermometer. The thermometer initially reads 80 degrees, then increases 

to nearly 100 degrees, and continues to rise as the video ends. As the March 10 court order

required, Campbell Properties and the city inspected Steiner’s unit. Both inspections 

revealed that the building’s two water heaters were properly installed and functioning, and 

that Steiner had adequate hot water in her unit. At the March 28 evidentiary hearing,

Steiner relied on her own testimony, video and pictures from her March 4 watertemperature testing, and emails with Campbell Properties.

After taking the matter under advisement in order to review the video and other 

exhibits, the district court determined that Steiner did not prove the allegations in her 
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petition. The court found that Steiner “offered no credible explanation for what she 

perceives as an inadequate supply of hot water to her unit.” Additionally, the district court 

found that “[t]he design of the hot water system in [Steiner’s] building is such that the 

temperature of the hot water in each resident’s apartment would be virtually the same” and 

while Steiner testified that three other residents experienced similar problems with hot 

water, “this hearsay was not supported.” Without “reliable expert testimony establishing 

some defect in the hot water system design or operation,” the court found that Steiner’s 

“complaints are best explained by her hypersensitivity and preference for 20 minute 

showers.” Accordingly, the district court concluded that neither emergency relief nor rent 

abatement was warranted and denied Steiner’s petition.

Steiner appeals.2

DECISION

I. The district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Steiner’s petition for 

emergency relief.

Under Minn. Stat. § 504B.381, subd. 1, a residential tenant may seek emergency 

relief in district court when they experience “the loss of running water, hot water, heat, 

electricity, sanitary facilities, or other essential services or facilities that the landlord is 

responsible for providing.” If the district court finds that the tenant’s ex parte submissions 

show the landlord failed to provide an essential service, the court may order relief. Minn. 

2 In February 2023, Campbell Properties notified Steiner that it was terminating her lease. 

Steiner’s subsequent eviction is the subject of a separate appeal. Although Steiner 

submitted identical briefs in this case and in the eviction appeal, we confine our analysis 

to the arguments related to Steiner’s emergency-tenant-remedies petition.
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Stat. § 504B.381, subd. 5. The petitioner must serve the order on the landlord, who is 

entitled to an evidentiary hearing if they raise issues of fact. Id.; Minn. Stat. § 504B.421 

(2022). If, following the hearing, the district court finds the allegations of the petition

proven, “it may, in its discretion,” take several enumerated actions, including abating the 

tenant’s rent. Minn. Stat. § 504B.425 (2022). We review the district court’s determination 

in an emergency-tenant-remedies action for an abuse of discretion. See Minn. Stat. 

§ 504B.425(a) (referencing district court’s “discretion”); see also Scroggins v. Solchaga, 

552 N.W.2d 248, 251-52 (Minn. App. 1996), rev. denied (Minn. Oct. 29, 1996). 

Steiner does not specifically challenge any of the district court’s findings of fact or 

assert that the court committed procedural or other legal error. Rather, she essentially 

argues that the district court (1) did not allow her to submit evidence, (2) erred by not 

allowing her to testify, and (3) was biased against her. None of these arguments persuade 

us to reverse.

First, the record defeats Steiner’s contention that she was unable to submit evidence 

in support of her petition. During the evidentiary hearing, Campbell Properties’ lawyer 

agreed to file in the electronic record Steiner’s exhibits, including the video and copies of 

emails between the parties. When a witness Steiner wished to call, the city inspector, did 

not appear pursuant to subpoena for the 1:30 p.m. hearing, the district court did not exclude 

that witness. Rather, he explained the inspector was not likely to appear because Steiner

had not served the subpoena until late that morning.3

 Before the hearing concluded, the 

3 Steiner obtained the subpoena the day before the evidentiary hearing. 
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district court clarified whether Steiner had any other evidence to submit, and she said, 

“That’s it.” In short, the record reflects that Steiner was allowed to, and did, submit 

evidence that the district court considered. 

The record likewise provides no support for Steiner’s argument that the district court 

prevented her from testifying. To the contrary, the record shows that the district court 

questioned Steiner about her hot-water allegations and redirected nonresponsive answers 

and testimony concerning other unrelated allegations against Campbell Properties. The 

district court asked Steiner, “Is there anything else you want me to know?” And when 

Steiner provided additional testimony, the district court asked clarifying questions. 

Ultimately, the district court found much of Steiner’s testimony not credible and 

outweighed by evidence Campbell Properties presented.

4

 We afford district courts broad 

discretion to make credibility determinations and weigh the evidence. Fairmont Hous. & 

Redev. Auth. v. Winter, 969 N.W.2d 839, 850 (Minn. App. 2021).

Finally, for the first time on appeal, Steiner argues that the district court displayed 

bias and abused its power by interrupting her, yelling at her, not letting her defend herself, 

and not allowing her to testify. Because she did not make these arguments in the district 

court, we do not consider them. Leppink v. Water Gremlin Co., 944 N.W.2d 493, 501 

(Minn. App. 2020). But even if they were properly before us, our careful review of the 

4 The district court expressly found that Steiner did not present credible evidence that the 

hot water was inadequate. In particular, the court found her video questionable saying, “It 

is unclear whether this was a reliable test method.”
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record reveals no support for them. Rather, the record shows the district court took 

appropriate steps to ensure Steiner was able to fairly present her case.

Because the record shows the district court permitted Steiner to testify and submit 

other evidence and the record supports the court’s findings of fact, we discern no abuse of 

discretion by the district court in denying Steiner’s petition.

II. Campbell Properties’ motion to strike is denied as moot.

Campbell Properties moves this court to strike portions of Steiner’s brief related to 

her complaints about the heat and fire alarm in her unit and her defenses to eviction, all of 

which are the subject of her separate appeal. Campbell Properties argues that these matters 

are outside the record and not relevant to this appeal. 

The record on appeal consists of only documents filed in the district court, offered 

exhibits, and any transcripts of the proceedings. Minn. R. Civ. App. P. 110.01. We may 

not consider or base our decision on matters outside this record. All, Inc. v. Hagen, 970 

N.W.2d 681, 688 (Minn. App. 2021). When we do not rely on the challenged portions of 

a brief in reaching our decision, we may deny a motion to strike as moot. Id. (citing Drewitz 

v. Motorwerks Inc., 728 N.W.2d 231, 233 n.2 (Minn. 2007)); see also Justice v. Marvel, 

LLC. 979 N.W.2d 894, 903 n.9 (Minn. 2022). 

That is the situation here. The challenged portions of Steiner’s brief are not material 

to the sole issue presented in this appeal—the claimed lack of hot water. Because our 

analysis does not rely on the matters that are the subject of Campbell Properties’ motion to 

strike, we deny it as moot.

Affirmed; motion denied.