Data release date: March 2023

Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 84.52 186.53 164.89 138.43

Census region and division

Northeast 13.18 31.81 27.04 17.42

New England 3.64 9.15 7.50 3.94

Middle Atlantic 9.54 22.66 19.55 13.48

Midwest 19.92 47.21 43.48 37.00

East North Central 13.50 32.09 29.40 24.72

West North Central 6.42 15.12 14.08 12.28

South 32.76 70.03 60.85 58.67

South Atlantic 17.17 37.24 31.97 31.47

East South Central 5.36 11.68 10.28 9.45

West South Central 10.23 21.11 18.60 17.75

West 18.66 37.48 33.51 25.35

Mountain 6.56 14.48 13.64 11.44

Mountain North 3.39 8.10 7.78 5.93

Mountain South 3.17 6.38 5.87 5.51

Pacific 12.10 23.00 19.87 13.91

Census urban/rural classificationc

Urban 65.84 141.36 124.63 107.20

Urbanized area 57.56 125.04 110.20 95.97

Urban cluster 8.29 16.32 14.43 11.23

Rural 18.68 45.17 40.26 31.23

Climate regiond

Very cold/Cold 30.47 72.34 65.18 48.41

Mixed-humid 24.69 56.54 50.63 45.26

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 9.98 18.91 16.63 15.09

Hot-humid 14.89 29.93 24.51 25.67

Marine 4.48 8.81 7.94 4.00

Table HC10.6 Total square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Total square footage (billion square feet)
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 84.52 186.53 164.89 138.43

Table HC10.6 Total square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Total square footage (billion square feet)

Year of construction

Before 1950 14.72 30.56 25.47 16.51

1950 to 1959 10.30 19.35 16.94 13.03

1960 to 1969 8.86 17.45 15.34 12.60

1970 to 1979 11.44 23.83 21.25 17.56

1980 to 1989 9.94 21.61 19.34 16.73

1990 to 1999 11.74 28.36 25.68 23.43

2000 to 2009 11.29 29.20 26.24 24.63

2010 to 2015 3.42 8.91 8.15 7.73

2016 to 2020 2.82 7.27 6.49 6.22

Number of stories

1 story 47.15 91.61 79.51 67.95

2 stories 32.47 83.29 74.63 61.93

3 or more stories 2.61 6.76 6.23 4.80

Split-level 2.28 4.87 4.53 3.76

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) N N N N

Fuels used for any use (more than 

one may apply)

Electricity 84.52 186.53 164.89 138.43

Natural gas 55.12 123.85 111.67 94.71

Propanee 9.07 22.66 19.93 15.14

Wood 9.85 23.69 21.47 15.59

Fuel oil or kerosene 4.41 10.83 9.05 4.88

Distributed solar generation

Yes 3.55 8.29 7.27 6.22

No 80.97 178.24 157.63 132.22

Not asked (apartments) N N N N

Main space heating fuel

Natural gas 49.21 111.33 102.10 85.77

Electricity 22.45 46.09 41.54 36.46

Fuel oil or kerosene 3.86 9.61 7.99 4.28

Propane 4.33 10.77 9.54 6.97

Wood 1.98 4.17 3.64 1.85

Some other fuelf Q Q Q Q

Does not use heating equipment 2.65 4.46 0.00 3.10
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 84.52 186.53 164.89 138.43

Table HC10.6 Total square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Total square footage (billion square feet)

Air-conditioning equipment

Uses air-conditioning equipment 76.32 171.01 151.92 138.43

Does not use air-conditioning 

equipment 8.20 15.52 12.97 0.00

Fuel used by main water heater

Natural gas 44.55 100.76 90.97 77.39

Electricity 34.30 71.16 61.45 52.67

Propane 3.46 9.04 7.91 5.98

Fuel oil or kerosene 1.94 4.98 4.15 2.07

Some other fuelf 0.28 0.60 0.40 0.32

Indoor light bulbs used at least 4 

hours a day

0 to 2 29.85 60.15 52.05 42.93

3 to 5 20.54 43.10 37.90 31.49

6 to 9 16.47 37.04 32.88 27.48

10 to 19 13.45 33.96 30.80 26.39

20 or more 4.22 12.28 11.27 10.15

Total number of rooms (excluding 

bathrooms)

1 or 2 0.15 0.11 0.08 0.05

3 0.95 1.05 0.87 0.52

4 4.75 6.57 5.38 3.95

5 11.58 18.43 15.68 12.31

6 17.53 32.06 27.53 22.43

7 17.34 35.80 31.60 26.28

8 12.98 31.34 28.05 23.86

9 or more 19.24 61.18 55.70 49.03

Number of bedrooms

0 0.14 0.25 0.17 0.11

1 1.74 1.91 1.54 0.91

2 13.75 21.99 18.78 14.03

3 41.80 84.10 74.24 61.63

4 21.19 57.15 50.79 44.65

5 or more 5.90 21.14 19.37 17.11
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 84.52 186.53 164.89 138.43

Table HC10.6 Total square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Total square footage (billion square feet)

Basement

Yes 36.83 96.52 84.42 66.26

Finished basement 21.71 57.78 53.63 43.94

Unfinished basement 15.12 38.75 30.79 22.32

No 47.68 90.01 80.48 72.17

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) N N N N

Adequacy of insulation

Well insulated 26.14 65.29 58.69 51.25

Adequately insulated 44.36 95.76 84.92 72.14

Poorly insulated 12.56 23.23 19.69 14.18

No insulation 1.46 2.25 1.59 0.87

Type of glass in windows

Single-pane glass 24.26 45.57 38.25 31.49

Double-pane glass 58.60 136.82 122.98 103.79

Triple-pane glass 1.65 4.14 3.67 3.16

Number of household members

1 member 16.97 32.10 27.80 22.11

2 members 33.18 74.68 66.68 55.80

3 members 13.72 30.87 27.30 23.11

4 members 12.25 29.07 25.81 22.21

5 members 5.10 11.96 10.49 9.29

6 or more members 3.30 7.85 6.82 5.91

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 1.66 2.62 2.08 1.40

$5,000 to $9,999 1.25 1.86 1.46 1.02

$10,000 to $19,999 4.70 8.14 6.64 4.62

$20,000 to $39,999 14.06 25.39 21.81 17.27

$40,000 to $59,999 13.15 26.28 22.78 18.44

$60,000 to $99,999 21.48 45.56 40.56 34.25

$100,000 to $149,999 13.72 33.22 30.03 26.26

$150,000 or more 14.50 43.46 39.53 35.20
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 84.52 186.53 164.89 138.43

Table HC10.6 Total square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Total square footage (billion square feet)

Ownership of housing unitg

Owned 73.22 168.53 150.07 127.15

Rented 11.30 18.00 14.82 11.28

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of 

the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. See RECS Terminology for the definitions of terms used in these 

tables. 

a Total single-family includes all single-family (detached and attached) primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and 

the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and group quarters are 

excluded.

b Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned 

garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are 

excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square 

footage based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the 

square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. 

See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for full details about data collection and processing.

c Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas 

are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 50,000 or more people, while urban clusters have at least 2,500 but 

less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

d The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 

Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We combined climate regions for this publication. The Subarctic region is 

included with data for Very-cold/Cold .

e Households that use propane only for outdoor grilling are excluded from the RECS estimate of households using 

propane. 

f

Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.

g Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without paying rent. 

Q = Data withheld because either the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 10 households 

were in the reporting sample.

N = No households in reporting sample. 
Data release date: March 2023

Percentage of 

housing units 

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Census region and division

Northeast 15.59 17.05 16.40 12.58

New England 4.30 4.91 4.55 2.84

Middle Atlantic 11.29 12.15 11.85 9.74

Midwest 23.56 25.31 26.37 26.73

East North Central 15.97 17.20 17.83 17.85

West North Central 7.59 8.10 8.54 8.87

South 38.76 37.54 36.90 42.38

South Atlantic 20.31 19.97 19.39 22.74

East South Central 6.34 6.26 6.23 6.82

West South Central 12.11 11.32 11.28 12.82

West 22.08 20.10 20.32 18.31

Mountain 7.76 7.76 8.27 8.26

Mountain North 4.01 4.34 4.72 4.28

Mountain South 3.75 3.42 3.56 3.98

Pacific 14.32 12.33 12.05 10.05

Census urban/rural classificationc

Urban 77.90 75.78 75.59 77.44

Urbanized area 68.10 67.03 66.83 69.33

Urban cluster 9.80 8.75 8.75 8.11

Rural 22.10 24.22 24.41 22.56

Climate regiond

Very cold/Cold 36.05 38.78 39.53 34.97

Mixed-humid 29.21 30.31 30.71 32.70

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 11.81 10.14 10.09 10.90

Hot-humid 17.62 16.05 14.86 18.54

Marine 5.31 4.73 4.82 2.89

Year of construction

Before 1950 17.42 16.38 15.45 11.93

1950 to 1959 12.19 10.37 10.27 9.42

1960 to 1969 10.48 9.35 9.30 9.10

1970 to 1979 13.53 12.77 12.89 12.68

1980 to 1989 11.76 11.59 11.73 12.08

1990 to 1999 13.89 15.20 15.57 16.93

2000 to 2009 13.36 15.66 15.92 17.79

2010 to 2015 4.05 4.77 4.94 5.59

2016 to 2020 3.34 3.90 3.93 4.49

Table HC10.6 Total square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Percentage of total square footage
Percentage of 

housing units 

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table HC10.6 Total square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Percentage of total square footage

Number of stories

1 story 55.79 49.11 48.22 49.08

2 stories 38.42 44.65 45.26 44.73

3 or more stories 3.09 3.62 3.78 3.47

Split-level 2.70 2.61 2.75 2.72

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) N N N N

Fuels used for any use (more than 

one may apply)

Electricity 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Natural gas 65.22 66.40 67.73 68.41

Propanee 10.73 12.15 12.09 10.93

Wood 11.65 12.70 13.02 11.26

Fuel oil or kerosene 5.22 5.81 5.49 3.53

Distributed solar generation

Yes 4.20 4.45 4.41 4.49

No 95.80 95.55 95.59 95.51

Not asked (apartments) N N N N

Main space heating fuel

Natural gas 58.23 59.68 61.92 61.95

Electricity 26.56 24.71 25.19 26.34

Fuel oil or kerosene 4.57 5.15 4.85 3.09

Propane 5.12 5.77 5.78 5.04

Wood 2.34 2.23 2.21 1.34

Some other fuelf Q Q Q Q

Does not use heating equipment 3.13 2.39 0.00 2.24

Air-conditioning equipment

Uses air-conditioning equipment 90.29 91.68 92.13 100.00

Does not use air-conditioning 

equipment 9.71 8.32 7.87 0.00

Fuel used by main water heater

Natural gas 52.71 54.02 55.17 55.90

Electricity 40.58 38.15 37.27 38.05

Propane 4.09 4.85 4.80 4.32

Fuel oil or kerosene 2.29 2.67 2.52 1.50

Some other fuelf 0.33 0.32 0.24 0.23
Percentage of 

housing units 

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table HC10.6 Total square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Percentage of total square footage

Indoor light bulbs used at least 4 

hours a day

0 to 2 35.32 32.25 31.57 31.01

3 to 5 24.30 23.10 22.98 22.75

6 to 9 19.48 19.86 19.94 19.85

10 to 19 15.91 18.21 18.68 19.06

20 or more 4.99 6.58 6.83 7.33

Total number of rooms (excluding 

bathrooms)

1 or 2 0.17 0.06 0.05 0.03

3 1.12 0.56 0.53 0.38

4 5.63 3.52 3.27 2.85

5 13.70 9.88 9.51 8.89

6 20.74 17.19 16.69 16.21

7 20.51 19.19 19.16 18.99

8 15.36 16.80 17.01 17.24

9 or more 22.77 32.80 33.78 35.42

Number of bedrooms

0 0.16 0.13 0.10 0.08

1 2.06 1.02 0.93 0.66

2 16.27 11.79 11.39 10.13

3 49.46 45.09 45.02 44.52

4 25.07 30.64 30.80 32.25

5 or more 6.98 11.33 11.75 12.36

Basement

Yes 43.58 51.75 51.20 47.86

Finished basement 25.69 30.97 32.52 31.74

Unfinished basement 17.89 20.77 18.67 16.12

No 56.42 48.25 48.80 52.14

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) N N N N

Adequacy of insulation

Well insulated 30.92 35.00 35.59 37.02

Adequately insulated 52.48 51.34 51.50 52.11

Poorly insulated 14.87 12.46 11.94 10.25

No insulation 1.73 1.21 0.97 0.63
Percentage of 

housing units 

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table HC10.6 Total square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Percentage of total square footage

Type of glass in windows

Single-pane glass 28.71 24.43 23.19 22.75

Double-pane glass 69.34 73.35 74.58 74.97

Triple-pane glass 1.95 2.22 2.22 2.28

Number of household members

1 member 20.07 17.21 16.86 15.97

2 members 39.26 40.04 40.44 40.31

3 members 16.23 16.55 16.56 16.70

4 members 14.49 15.58 15.65 16.04

5 members 6.03 6.41 6.36 6.71

6 or more members 3.91 4.21 4.13 4.27

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 1.96 1.41 1.26 1.01

$5,000 to $9,999 1.48 1.00 0.89 0.73

$10,000 to $19,999 5.56 4.37 4.03 3.33

$20,000 to $39,999 16.64 13.61 13.23 12.47

$40,000 to $59,999 15.55 14.09 13.81 13.32

$60,000 to $99,999 25.42 24.42 24.60 24.74

$100,000 to $149,999 16.23 17.81 18.21 18.97

$150,000 or more 17.15 23.30 23.97 25.43
Percentage of 

housing units 

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table HC10.6 Total square footage of single-family homes, 2020

Percentage of total square footage

Ownership of housing unitg

Owned 86.63 90.35 91.01 91.85

Rented 13.37 9.65 8.99 8.15

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of 

the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. See RECS Terminology for the definitions of terms used in these 

tables. 

a Total single-family includes all single-family (detached and attached) primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and 

the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and group quarters are 

excluded.

b Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned 

garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are 

excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square 

footage based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the 

square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. 

See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for full details about data collection and processing.

c Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas 

are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 50,000 or more people, while urban clusters have at least 2,500 but 

less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

d The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 

Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We combined climate regions for this publication. The Subarctic region is 

included with data for Very-cold/Cold .

e Households that use propane only for outdoor grilling are excluded from the RECS estimate of households using 

propane. 

f

Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.

g Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without paying rent. 

Q = Data withheld because either the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 10 households 

were in the reporting sample.

N = No households in reporting sample. 
Data release date: March 2023

RSEs for 

number of 

housing units 

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.47 0.53 0.57

Census region and division

Northeast 0.00 1.06 1.16 1.98

New England 0.00 1.54 1.62 2.85

Middle Atlantic 0.00 1.35 1.42 2.41

Midwest 0.00 0.84 0.99 1.33

East North Central 0.00 1.23 1.32 1.67

West North Central 0.00 1.12 1.26 1.64

South 0.00 0.80 0.87 0.80

South Atlantic 0.00 1.02 1.14 1.16

East South Central 0.00 1.88 1.85 2.06

West South Central 0.00 1.63 1.55 1.76

West 0.00 0.69 0.79 1.34

Mountain 0.00 1.19 1.17 1.68

Mountain North 0.00 1.84 1.83 2.71

Mountain South 0.00 1.60 1.74 1.82

Pacific 0.00 1.12 1.30 2.18

Census urban/rural classificationc

Urban 0.41 0.67 0.76 0.77

Urbanized area 0.59 0.82 0.94 0.91

Urban cluster 3.13 3.13 3.11 3.28

Rural 1.44 1.56 1.57 1.82

Climate regiond

Very cold/Cold 0.65 0.91 0.92 1.31

Mixed-humid 1.10 1.29 1.35 1.38

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 1.76 2.09 2.09 2.44

Hot-humid 1.15 1.50 2.02 1.59

Marine 3.25 3.89 3.63 5.38

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.6 Total square footage of single-family 

homes, 2020

RSEs for total square footage 
RSEs for 

number of 

housing units 

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.47 0.53 0.57

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.6 Total square footage of single-family 

homes, 2020

RSEs for total square footage 

Year of construction

Before 1950 1.54 2.11 2.13 2.79

1950 to 1959 1.54 2.05 2.17 2.86

1960 to 1969 1.98 2.76 2.96 3.48

1970 to 1979 1.66 1.98 2.06 1.97

1980 to 1989 1.87 2.28 2.40 2.64

1990 to 1999 1.93 2.46 2.46 2.66

2000 to 2009 1.62 1.70 1.91 1.80

2010 to 2015 4.10 4.71 4.94 4.80

2016 to 2020 4.35 4.80 4.89 4.83

Number of stories

1 story 0.71 1.01 0.98 1.13

2 stories 0.92 1.14 1.16 1.39

3 or more stories 5.12 5.55 5.70 6.63

Split-level 5.35 5.32 5.61 5.50

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Fuels used for any use (more than 

one may apply)

Electricity 0.00 0.47 0.53 0.57

Natural gas 0.58 0.84 0.86 0.98

Propanee 2.74 3.00 3.05 3.22

Wood 2.48 2.67 2.65 3.06

Fuel oil or kerosene 3.28 3.70 3.60 4.80

Distributed solar generation

Yes 4.05 4.49 4.93 5.23

No 0.18 0.53 0.57 0.61

Not asked (apartments) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Main space heating fuel

Natural gas 0.68 0.87 0.88 1.02

Electricity 1.25 1.42 1.51 1.65

Fuel oil or kerosene 3.49 3.78 3.69 5.30

Propane 4.47 5.45 5.37 5.48

Wood 5.26 5.90 5.96 8.46

Some other fuelf 41.91 44.21 43.22 63.36

Does not use heating equipment 5.41 5.70 0.00 7.23
RSEs for 

number of 

housing units 

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.47 0.53 0.57

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.6 Total square footage of single-family 

homes, 2020

RSEs for total square footage 

Air-conditioning equipment

Uses air-conditioning equipment 0.34 0.55 0.58 0.57

Does not use air-conditioning 

equipment 3.15 3.27 3.47 0.00

Fuel used by main water heater

Natural gas 0.70 1.01 1.00 1.20

Electricity 0.94 1.13 1.10 1.38

Propane 4.73 5.18 4.87 5.68

Fuel oil or kerosene 5.24 5.70 5.44 6.96

Some other fuelf 13.06 13.78 18.32 19.70

Indoor light bulbs used at least 4 

hours a day

0 to 2 1.32 1.56 1.65 1.89

3 to 5 1.54 1.97 1.98 2.17

6 to 9 1.96 2.42 2.31 2.46

10 to 19 2.34 2.70 2.64 2.87

20 or more 4.15 4.47 4.51 4.84

Total number of rooms (excluding 

bathrooms)

1 or 2 18.42 18.57 21.07 26.86

3 8.42 10.23 9.61 11.55

4 3.62 3.90 4.07 4.66

5 2.60 2.92 2.98 3.57

6 1.72 1.80 2.05 2.27

7 2.00 2.27 2.35 2.44

8 2.17 2.28 2.37 2.49

9 or more 1.62 1.67 1.72 1.78

Number of bedrooms

0 20.18 28.99 24.00 35.06

1 6.33 7.06 7.44 10.25

2 2.09 2.27 2.32 2.93

3 1.16 1.25 1.27 1.42

4 1.88 1.97 1.99 2.10

5 or more 2.98 3.13 3.25 3.11
RSEs for 

number of 

housing units 

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.47 0.53 0.57

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.6 Total square footage of single-family 

homes, 2020

RSEs for total square footage 

Basement

Yes 0.64 0.89 0.92 1.19

Finished basement 1.13 1.40 1.43 1.74

Unfinished basement 1.50 1.83 1.92 2.54

No 0.49 0.79 0.90 0.89

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Adequacy of insulation

Well insulated 1.68 1.93 1.97 1.99

Adequately insulated 0.95 1.26 1.27 1.35

Poorly insulated 2.58 2.97 3.20 3.45

No insulation 8.20 9.24 10.91 11.37

Type of glass in windows

Single-pane glass 1.37 1.77 1.88 2.04

Double-pane glass 0.58 0.72 0.78 0.86

Triple-pane glass 6.51 6.65 7.23 7.61

Number of household members

1 member 1.82 2.13 2.12 2.41

2 members 1.16 1.30 1.31 1.36

3 members 2.09 2.18 2.20 2.44

4 members 2.48 2.76 2.74 2.91

5 members 3.97 4.49 4.66 5.07

6 or more members 5.76 5.50 5.64 5.61

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 6.80 8.43 8.79 10.55

$5,000 to $9,999 8.76 8.80 10.07 13.31

$10,000 to $19,999 3.86 4.41 4.76 5.78

$20,000 to $39,999 2.16 2.61 2.45 2.89

$40,000 to $59,999 2.20 2.50 2.35 2.77

$60,000 to $99,999 1.62 1.79 1.75 1.95

$100,000 to $149,999 1.83 1.96 1.94 2.28

$150,000 or more 2.14 2.27 2.39 2.51
RSEs for 

number of 

housing units 

Total singlefamilya Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.47 0.53 0.57

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.6 Total square footage of single-family 

homes, 2020

RSEs for total square footage 

Ownership of housing unitg

Owned 0.36 0.63 0.68 0.75

Rented 2.35 2.89 3.13 3.87

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of 

the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: See RECS Terminology for the definitions of terms used in these tables. 

a Total single-family includes all single-family (detached and attached) primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and 

the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and group quarters are 

excluded.

b Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned 

garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are 

excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square 

footage based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the 

square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. 

See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for full details about data collection and processing.

c Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas 

are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 50,000 or more people, while urban clusters have at least 2,500 but 

less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

d The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 

Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We combined climate regions for this publication. The Subarctic region is 

included with data for Very-cold/Cold .

e Households that use propane only for outdoor grilling are excluded from the RECS estimate of households using 

propane. 

f

Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.

g Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without paying rent.