Data release date: March 2023

Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total U.S.a Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 123.53 1,818 1,614 1,335 741 657 544

Census region and division

Northeast 21.92 1,827 1,601 1,002 752 659 413

New England 5.88 1,930 1,645 839 782 666 340

Middle Atlantic 16.04 1,789 1,584 1,062 741 657 440

Midwest 27.04 2,006 1,863 1,552 846 786 654

East North Central 18.55 2,001 1,851 1,520 844 781 641

West North Central 8.50 2,017 1,891 1,621 850 797 683

South 46.84 1,806 1,570 1,516 740 643 621

South Atlantic 24.84 1,824 1,558 1,546 759 649 644

East South Central 7.38 1,878 1,673 1,523 804 716 652

West South Central 14.62 1,739 1,539 1,462 678 600 570

West 27.72 1,650 1,453 1,080 639 563 419

Mountain 9.22 1,848 1,736 1,442 736 691 574

Mountain North 4.62 2,015 1,938 1,441 787 756 563

Mountain South 4.60 1,681 1,533 1,442 683 623 586

Pacific 18.51 1,551 1,313 899 593 502 344

Census urban/rural classificationd

Urban 100.44 1,733 1,533 1,291 701 620 522

Urbanized area 89.24 1,735 1,532 1,307 697 615 525

Urban cluster 11.20 1,713 1,536 1,162 737 661 500

Rural 23.09 2,190 1,966 1,524 919 825 640

Climate regione

Very cold/Cold 42.50 1,981 1,808 1,310 830 758 549

Mixed-humid 36.79 1,861 1,688 1,470 765 694 604

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 15.06 1,553 1,334 1,209 587 504 457

Hot-humid 22.31 1,683 1,365 1,446 679 550 583

Marine 6.87 1,605 1,432 680 643 574 273

Housing unit type

Single-family detached 77.07 2,264 2,003 1,684 859 760 639

Single-family attached 7.45 1,615 1,412 1,159 665 581 477

Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units 9.34 978 899 587 407 374 244

Apartments in buildings with 5 or 

more units 22.84 905 799 646 482 425 344

Mobile homes 6.83 1,214 1,140 907 500 470 374

Year of construction

Before 1950 20.26 1,766 1,503 948 765 651 410

1950 to 1959 12.48 1,694 1,490 1,122 710 624 470

1960 to 1969 12.76 1,635 1,445 1,152 687 607 484

1970 to 1979 18.34 1,647 1,466 1,188 686 611 495

1980 to 1989 16.30 1,701 1,519 1,293 707 632 537

1990 to 1999 17.16 2,000 1,810 1,626 778 704 632

2000 to 2009 16.16 2,131 1,908 1,786 809 724 678

2010 to 2015 5.53 2,002 1,830 1,734 754 689 653

2016 to 2020 4.56 1,997 1,799 1,702 774 697 660

Average square footage 

per housing unit

Table HC10.9 Average square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

Average square footage 

per household member
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total U.S.a Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 123.53 1,818 1,614 1,335 741 657 544

Average square footage 

per housing unit

Table HC10.9 Average square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

Average square footage 

per household member

Number of stories

1 story 47.15 1,943 1,686 1,441 799 693 592

2 stories 32.47 2,565 2,298 1,907 899 805 668

3 or more stories 2.61 2,587 2,384 1,837 889 819 631

Split-level 2.28 2,135 1,984 1,648 772 718 596

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 39.01 976 882 678 465 420 323

Fuels used for any use (more than 

one may apply)

Electricity 123.53 1,818 1,614 1,335 741 657 544

Natural gas 75.31 1,898 1,717 1,424 755 683 566

Propanef 11.14 2,234 1,974 1,494 931 823 623

Wood 11.05 2,283 2,080 1,507 863 787 570

Fuel oil or kerosene 5.68 2,122 1,801 963 864 733 392

Distributed solar generation

Yes 3.65 2,308 2,018 1,731 792 692 594

No 87.70 2,125 1,885 1,577 820 728 609

Not asked (apartments) 32.18 926 828 629 456 407 310

Main space heating fuel

Natural gas 62.71 1,984 1,837 1,507 790 732 600

Electricity 42.57 1,548 1,423 1,196 655 602 506

Fuel oil or kerosene 4.93 2,153 1,826 963 895 759 400

Propane 5.21 2,249 2,013 1,466 945 846 616

Wood 2.25 1,991 1,759 884 794 702 353

Some other fuelg Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

Does not use heating equipment 5.79 1,271 0 872 484 0 332

Air-conditioning equipment

Uses air-conditioning equipment 109.51 1,860 1,659 1,505 754 673 610

Does not use air-conditioning 

equipment 14.02 1,490 1,256 0 632 533 0

Fuel used by main water heater

Natural gas 59.33 1,932 1,749 1,456 762 690 574

Electricity 57.04 1,647 1,434 1,215 695 606 513

Propane 4.12 2,366 2,074 1,562 990 868 654

Fuel oil or kerosene 2.62 2,135 1,806 903 865 732 366

Some other fuelg 0.41 1,744 1,105 953 490 311 268

Indoor light bulbs used at least 4 

hours a day

0 to 2 47.78 1,606 1,395 1,133 727 631 513

3 to 5 31.24 1,716 1,520 1,241 719 637 520

6 to 9 23.06 1,896 1,693 1,402 736 657 544

10 to 19 16.66 2,256 2,053 1,741 785 714 606

20 or more 4.79 2,707 2,494 2,222 822 757 675
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total U.S.a Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 123.53 1,818 1,614 1,335 741 657 544

Average square footage 

per housing unit

Table HC10.9 Average square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

Average square footage 

per household member

Total number of rooms (excluding 

bathrooms)

1 or 2 4.59 632 556 442 402 354 282

3 8.73 802 686 504 468 400 294

4 15.95 1,040 897 670 501 432 322

5 19.54 1,374 1,196 932 577 502 391

6 22.10 1,716 1,490 1,215 695 603 492

7 18.86 2,017 1,786 1,476 779 690 570

8 13.87 2,369 2,127 1,804 867 778 660

9 or more 19.90 3,140 2,863 2,506 1,039 948 829

Number of bedrooms

0 1.82 657 545 424 384 319 248

1 14.52 791 696 489 539 475 334

2 30.67 1,274 1,106 850 599 520 400

3 48.27 1,917 1,703 1,403 748 664 547

4 22.08 2,658 2,365 2,076 869 774 679

5 or more 6.16 3,514 3,222 2,823 971 890 780

Basement

Yes 36.83 2,620 2,292 1,799 984 861 676

Finished basement 21.71 2,661 2,470 2,024 958 889 728

Unfinished basement 15.12 2,562 2,036 1,476 1,027 816 592

No 47.68 1,888 1,688 1,514 730 653 586

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 39.01 976 882 678 465 420 323

Adequacy of insulation

Well insulated 34.34 2,143 1,929 1,670 884 796 689

Adequately insulated 64.27 1,794 1,597 1,337 734 653 547

Poorly insulated 21.29 1,484 1,285 927 586 507 366

No insulation 3.63 1,131 845 519 458 342 210

Type of glass in windows

Single-pane glass 43.51 1,456 1,241 1,004 622 530 429

Double-pane glass 77.95 2,010 1,812 1,510 798 719 599

Triple-pane glass 2.07 2,221 1,961 1,670 912 806 686

Number of household members

1 member 33.59 1,394 1,228 953 1,394 1,228 953

2 members 45.31 1,919 1,716 1,428 960 858 714

3 members 18.27 1,949 1,734 1,440 650 578 480

4 members 15.56 2,096 1,859 1,583 524 465 396

5 members 6.44 2,104 1,844 1,624 421 369 325

6 or more members 4.37 2,081 1,799 1,557 305 264 228
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total U.S.a Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 123.53 1,818 1,614 1,335 741 657 544

Average square footage 

per housing unit

Table HC10.9 Average square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

Average square footage 

per household member

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 4.48 1,140 960 653 438 368 250

$5,000 to $9,999 4.01 1,076 916 632 496 422 291

$10,000 to $19,999 10.25 1,288 1,103 759 648 555 382

$20,000 to $39,999 24.07 1,457 1,271 1,004 663 579 457

$40,000 to $59,999 19.61 1,668 1,455 1,176 723 631 509

$60,000 to $99,999 27.71 1,867 1,668 1,391 740 661 551

$100,000 to $149,999 16.54 2,192 1,980 1,726 803 725 632

$150,000 or more 16.86 2,742 2,487 2,213 939 851 757

Ownership of housing unith

Owned 82.92 2,176 1,941 1,641 863 770 651

Rented 40.61 1,089 945 709 469 407 306

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of the 2020 Residential Energy 

Consumption Survey

Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. See RECS Terminology for the definitions of terms used in these tables. 

a Total U.S. includes all primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military 

houses, and group quarters are excluded.

b Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned garage space that is attached to the 

home. Unconditioned and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous 

RECS cycles calculated square footage based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the square 

footage of the home was imputed based on a reported square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for 

full details about data collection and processing.

c When calculating average heated and cooled square footage, all housing units are considered, including those that are not heated or cooled.

d

 Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas are densely settled groupings of blocks 

or tracts with 50,000 or more people, while urban clusters have at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

e

 The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), created these climate 

regions. We combined climate regions for this publication. The Subarctic region is included with data for Very-cold/Cold.

f

 Households that use propane only for outdoor grilling are excluded from the RECS estimate of households using propane. 

g Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.

h Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without paying rent. 

Q = Data withheld because either the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 10 households were in the reporting sample.

N = No households in reporting sample. 
Data release date: March 2023

RSEs for 

number of 

housing units

Total U.S.a Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.36 0.45 0.50 0.62 0.69 0.69

Census region and division

Northeast 0.00 0.88 0.98 1.74 1.18 1.23 1.72

New England 0.00 1.35 1.43 2.33 1.87 1.86 2.34

Middle Atlantic 0.00 1.17 1.26 2.14 1.54 1.57 2.15

Midwest 0.00 0.75 0.89 1.24 1.13 1.25 1.45

East North Central 0.00 1.05 1.16 1.58 1.49 1.57 1.79

West North Central 0.00 1.02 1.10 1.46 1.79 1.89 2.07

South 0.00 0.69 0.79 0.68 1.11 1.18 1.08

South Atlantic 0.00 0.85 0.98 0.98 1.42 1.48 1.50

East South Central 0.00 1.58 1.53 1.64 1.98 1.87 2.02

West South Central 0.00 1.40 1.42 1.57 1.90 1.94 1.87

West 0.00 0.59 0.72 1.25 1.04 1.15 1.45

Mountain 0.00 1.06 1.13 1.61 1.86 1.89 2.02

Mountain North 0.00 1.63 1.66 2.54 2.74 2.77 2.87

Mountain South 0.00 1.34 1.56 1.68 2.25 2.34 2.37

Pacific 0.00 0.95 1.15 1.94 1.44 1.59 2.04

Census urban/rural classificationd

Urban 0.28 0.41 0.51 0.54 0.70 0.79 0.73

Urbanized area 0.42 0.51 0.60 0.62 0.78 0.88 0.80

Urban cluster 2.74 1.43 1.40 1.87 1.63 1.63 1.98

Rural 1.23 0.92 0.90 1.23 1.28 1.26 1.50

Climate regione

Very cold/Cold 0.54 0.62 0.63 1.09 0.79 0.80 1.17

Mixed-humid 0.77 0.69 0.69 0.78 1.21 1.17 1.24

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 1.23 1.19 1.48 1.84 1.88 2.11 2.24

Hot-humid 0.69 1.00 1.53 1.12 1.43 1.80 1.43

Marine 2.39 1.83 1.90 4.73 2.45 2.60 4.94

Housing unit type

Single-family detached 0.00 0.48 0.56 0.60 0.73 0.80 0.81

Single-family attached 0.00 1.21 1.52 2.12 1.83 1.98 2.52

Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units 0.00 1.50 1.81 3.05 2.43 2.72 3.04

Apartments in buildings with 5 or 

more units 0.00 0.76 1.18 1.42 1.29 1.74 1.73

Mobile homes 0.00 1.27 1.61 2.47 2.95 3.28 3.78

Year of construction

Before 1950 0.00 1.43 1.39 2.28 1.85 1.91 2.73

1950 to 1959 0.00 1.51 1.66 2.40 2.14 2.24 2.87

1960 to 1969 0.00 1.80 2.06 2.79 2.36 2.68 2.94

1970 to 1979 0.00 1.14 1.25 1.43 1.39 1.58 1.45

1980 to 1989 0.00 1.31 1.42 1.79 1.80 1.87 2.08

1990 to 1999 0.00 1.43 1.50 1.71 1.59 1.85 1.90

2000 to 2009 0.00 1.12 1.31 1.28 1.55 1.76 1.63

2010 to 2015 2.84 2.48 2.88 2.63 2.59 2.85 2.78

2016 to 2020 3.44 2.47 2.82 2.75 2.83 2.93 2.78

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.9 Average square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

RSEs for average square footage 

per housing unit

RSEs for average square footage 

per household member
RSEs for 

number of 

housing units

Total U.S.a Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.36 0.45 0.50 0.62 0.69 0.69

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.9 Average square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

RSEs for average square footage 

per housing unit

RSEs for average square footage 

per household member

Number of stories

1 story 0.71 0.61 0.67 0.79 1.01 1.04 1.10

2 stories 0.92 0.67 0.75 1.01 0.82 0.91 1.20

3 or more stories 5.12 2.84 3.06 4.34 4.27 4.56 5.05

Split-level 5.35 2.76 2.57 3.67 4.54 4.40 5.38

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 0.00 0.59 0.90 1.29 1.11 1.45 1.55

Fuels used for any use (more than 

one may apply)

Electricity 0.00 0.36 0.45 0.50 0.62 0.69 0.69

Natural gas 0.57 0.53 0.57 0.66 0.77 0.80 0.80

Propanef 2.48 1.33 1.33 1.73 2.04 2.14 2.40

Wood 2.35 1.09 1.07 1.75 1.84 1.84 2.41

Fuel oil or kerosene 3.26 1.68 1.50 3.06 2.78 2.68 3.96

Distributed solar generation

Yes 3.96 2.08 2.63 3.08 3.13 3.55 3.57

No 0.16 0.44 0.49 0.55 0.66 0.68 0.76

Not asked (apartments) 0.00 0.70 1.04 1.42 1.16 1.54 1.57

Main space heating fuel

Natural gas 0.77 0.55 0.55 0.73 0.81 0.79 0.86

Electricity 0.92 0.68 0.69 0.88 1.06 1.07 1.16

Fuel oil or kerosene 3.50 1.87 1.74 3.61 2.91 2.72 4.38

Propane 3.76 2.12 2.00 2.96 2.46 2.54 3.30

Wood 4.88 2.93 2.86 6.99 3.77 3.94 7.05

Some other fuelg 35.67 24.17 21.98 41.18 28.16 23.15 38.25

Does not use heating equipment 4.41 2.09 0.00 3.48 3.02 0.00 4.09

Air-conditioning equipment

Uses air-conditioning equipment 0.35 0.41 0.48 0.45 0.68 0.73 0.70

Does not use air-conditioning 

equipment 2.70 1.35 1.54 0.00 2.09 2.27 0.00

Fuel used by main water heater

Natural gas 0.75 0.69 0.73 0.88 0.94 0.97 1.06

Electricity 0.80 0.60 0.63 0.85 1.00 1.10 1.13

Propane 4.44 2.52 2.32 3.04 3.07 3.34 3.50

Fuel oil or kerosene 5.20 3.15 2.88 4.31 4.31 4.21 5.46

Some other fuelg 16.08 7.23 11.82 13.86 11.67 14.87 17.76

Indoor light bulbs used at least 4 

hours a day

0 to 2 1.21 0.74 0.84 1.09 1.07 1.19 1.40

3 to 5 1.27 1.12 1.22 1.58 1.50 1.59 1.79

6 to 9 1.80 1.08 1.10 1.33 1.29 1.34 1.40

10 to 19 2.26 1.14 1.11 1.51 1.48 1.48 1.80

20 or more 4.44 2.32 2.11 2.86 2.76 2.75 3.17
RSEs for 

number of 

housing units

Total U.S.a Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.36 0.45 0.50 0.62 0.69 0.69

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.9 Average square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

RSEs for average square footage 

per housing unit

RSEs for average square footage 

per household member

Total number of rooms (excluding 

bathrooms)

1 or 2 4.95 2.10 2.77 3.57 6.18 6.74 6.87

3 2.52 1.41 2.11 2.90 2.78 3.57 3.61

4 2.05 0.89 1.33 1.96 1.89 2.17 2.46

5 1.99 0.91 1.05 1.41 1.58 1.62 1.98

6 1.80 0.72 0.97 1.27 1.44 1.61 1.84

7 1.81 0.82 0.97 1.13 1.51 1.64 1.72

8 2.06 0.80 0.90 1.33 1.33 1.32 1.66

9 or more 1.53 0.84 0.92 1.00 1.28 1.28 1.45

Number of bedrooms

0 8.69 5.65 5.01 7.60 8.75 9.09 10.20

1 1.88 0.96 1.52 1.94 2.10 2.55 2.75

2 1.21 0.66 0.91 1.31 1.36 1.57 1.76

3 1.16 0.53 0.59 0.70 0.85 0.90 0.88

4 1.86 0.75 0.98 1.16 1.30 1.52 1.67

5 or more 2.93 1.55 1.82 2.00 2.60 2.74 2.91

Basement

Yes 0.64 0.60 0.69 0.99 0.89 0.95 1.18

Finished basement 1.13 0.75 0.80 1.23 1.19 1.24 1.42

Unfinished basement 1.50 0.98 1.16 1.94 1.54 1.66 2.51

No 0.49 0.65 0.74 0.78 0.92 0.94 0.95

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 0.00 0.59 0.90 1.29 1.11 1.45 1.55

Adequacy of insulation

Well insulated 1.43 0.93 1.06 1.08 1.05 1.24 1.25

Adequately insulated 0.76 0.64 0.67 0.83 0.99 1.02 1.09

Poorly insulated 1.85 1.29 1.48 1.88 1.59 1.81 2.13

No insulation 5.49 3.34 4.07 5.22 4.11 4.95 5.79

Type of glass in windows

Single-pane glass 1.08 0.88 1.00 1.22 1.17 1.36 1.42

Double-pane glass 0.61 0.51 0.57 0.63 0.69 0.74 0.74

Triple-pane glass 6.23 3.15 3.84 4.57 4.26 4.53 5.20

Number of household members

1 member 1.25 0.90 1.01 1.37 0.90 1.01 1.37

2 members 1.15 0.68 0.66 0.92 0.68 0.66 0.92

3 members 1.87 1.37 1.34 1.58 1.37 1.34 1.58

4 members 2.08 1.31 1.51 1.77 1.31 1.51 1.77

5 members 4.12 2.17 2.53 2.70 2.17 2.53 2.70

6 or more members 4.58 2.48 2.66 3.18 2.78 2.88 3.31
RSEs for 

number of 

housing units

Total U.S.a Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.36 0.45 0.50 0.62 0.69 0.69

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.9 Average square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

RSEs for average square footage 

per housing unit

RSEs for average square footage 

per household member

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 4.63 2.98 3.18 4.78 4.79 5.09 6.16

$5,000 to $9,999 5.53 2.71 3.33 4.65 4.43 4.77 5.72

$10,000 to $19,999 3.21 1.97 2.04 2.93 2.69 3.11 3.49

$20,000 to $39,999 1.98 1.12 1.25 1.63 1.63 1.66 2.02

$40,000 to $59,999 1.83 1.28 1.29 1.74 1.62 1.63 1.98

$60,000 to $99,999 1.58 0.98 0.95 1.25 1.30 1.34 1.31

$100,000 to $149,999 1.83 1.09 1.15 1.30 1.34 1.40 1.64

$150,000 or more 1.93 0.97 1.18 1.35 1.13 1.21 1.36

Ownership of housing unith

Owned 0.42 0.50 0.54 0.60 0.71 0.74 0.77

Rented 0.86 0.70 0.97 1.31 1.07 1.31 1.59

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of the 2020 Residential Energy 

Consumption Survey

Notes: See RECS Terminology for the definitions of terms used in these tables. 

a Total U.S. includes all primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military 

houses, and group quarters are excluded.

b Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned garage space that is attached to the 

home. Unconditioned and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous 

RECS cycles calculated square footage based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the square 

footage of the home was imputed based on a reported square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for 

full details about data collection and processing.

c When calculating average heated and cooled square footage, all housing units are considered, including those that are not heated or cooled.

d

 Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas are densely settled groupings of blocks 

or tracts with 50,000 or more people, while urban clusters have at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

e

 The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), created these climate 

regions. We combined climate regions for this publication. The Subarctic region is included with data for Very-cold/Cold.

f

 Households that use propane only for outdoor grilling are excluded from the RECS estimate of households using propane. 

g Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.

h Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without paying rent.