X1£/EIA-0512(88) f-tf- 7? 

day 1991

AO?

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey

Consumption 

of Energy

1988

Energy Information Administration
This publication is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO). 

Ordering information and purchase of this and other Energy Information Administration (EIA) publications may be 

obtained from the GPO or the EIA's National Energy Information Center (NEIQ. Questions on energy statistics 

should be directed to the NEIC. Addresses and telephone numbers appear below.

National Energy Information Center, El-231 

Energy Information Administration 

Forrestal Building 

Room 1F-048 

Washington, DC 20585 

(202)586-8800

Superintendent of Documents 

U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, DC 20404 

(202) 783-3238

Released for Printing: May 28,1991
DOE/EIA-0512(88) 

Distribution Category DC-98

Manufacturing Energy

Consumption Survey:

Consumption of Energy 1988

May 1991

Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Markets and End Use

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent analytical agency 

within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should not be construed as advocating 

or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other organization.
Contacts

General information about Energy Information Administration data on energy consumption can be obtained 

from Lynda T. Carlson, Director of the Energy End Use Division (202-586-1112).

Specific information regarding the contents of this publication can be obtained from Dwight K. French, Chief 

of the Transportation and Industrial Branch (202-586-1126), or John L. Preston, Team Leader for the 

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (202-586-1128). Robert K. Adler (202-586-1134), Jean Paananen 

(202-586-8952), and Mark Schipper (202-586-1136) are the contacts for estimation, analysis, and table 

preparation. Hattie Ramseur (202-586-1124) is the contact for related energy consumption publications.

As an outcome of the Department of Energy's National Energy Strategy, an assessment of the needs of 

users of the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) is being pursued by the Energy 

Information Administration. As you read and use the data from this report, please keep this effort in 

mind.

If you have suggestions to make the data more useful for your needs, please contact John L. Preston, 

MECS Manager at:

El-652, Mail Stop 2G-090 

1000 Independence Avenue, SW 

Washington, DC 20585

Telephone: 202-586-1128 

FAX: 202-586-9753

ii Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Contents

 Page 

Executive Summary .......................................................... vii

1. Introduction ............................................................. 1

2. Surveying the Manufacturing Division ......................................... 3

The Scope of the 1988 MECS ............................................ 3

The Sample Design .................................................... 3

Measuring Manufacturing Industries' Energy Consumption ...................... 4

Measures of Electricity, Steam, and Hot Water Consumption ..................... 7

3. Overview of the Findings ................................................... 9

The Measures of Total Energy Consumption ................................. 9

Offsite-Produced Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation .............. 9

The Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes .......................... 10

Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation ................ 12

Electricity Use by Manufacturers .......................................... 13

Detailed Statistics Tables ...................................................... 19

Relative Standard Errors ...................................................... 79

Appendices

A Survey Design, Implementation, and Estimates ............................. 135

B. Quality of the Data .................................................. 151

C. Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey Forms .......................... 159

D. Descriptions of Major Industrial Groups and Selected Industries ................ 195

E. Map of U.S. Census Regions ........................................... 201

F. Related EIA Publications on Energy Consumption .......................... 205

Glossary .................................................................. 211

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 in
Tables

Page

1. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by Census Region, Industry

Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 ....................................... 19

2. Total Primary Consumption of Combustible Energy for Nonfuel Purposes by Census

Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 .......................... 25

3. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by Census

Region, Industry Group and Selected Industries, 1988 .......................... 28

4. Total Consumption of Offsite-Produced Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity

Generation by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 ........ 34

5. Shell Storage Capacity of Selected Petroleum Products by Industry Group and

and Selected Industries, 1988 ............................................. 37

6. Selected Energy Operating Ratios by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected

Industries, 1988 ....................................................... 38

7. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by Economic Characteristics

of the Establishment, 1988 ............................................... 41

8. Total Primary Consumption of Combustible Energy for Nonfuel Purposes by

Economic Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988 ........................... 42

9. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by Economic

Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988 ................................... 43

10. Total Consumption of Offeite-Produced Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity

Generation by Economic Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988 ................ 44

11. Shell Storage Capacity of Petroleum Products by Selected Characteristics

of the Establishment, 1988 ............................................... 45

12. Selected Energy Operating Ratios by Economic Characteristics of the

Establishment, 1988 .................................................... 46

13. Total Inputs of Byproduct Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by

Industry Group and Selected Industries, 1988 ................................. 47

14. Components of Total Electricity Demand by Census Region, Industry Group, and

Selected Industries, 1988 ................................................ 48

15. Components of Total Electricity Demand by Economic Characteristics of the

Establishment, 1988 .................................................... 51

16. Quantity of Electricity Purchased from Utility and Nonutility Suppliers by

Industry Group and Selected Industries, 1988 ................................. 52

17. Quantity of Electricity Purchased from Utility and Nonutility Suppliers by

Selected Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988 ............................ 53

18. Quantity of Steam Purchased from Utility and Nonutility Suppliers by Industry

Group and Selected Industries, 1988 ....................................... 54

19. Quantity of Steam Purchased from Utility and Nonutility Suppliers by Selected

Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988 ................................... 55

20. Quantity of Electricity Sold to Utility and Nonutility Purchasers by Industry

Group and Selected Industries, 1988 ....................................... 56

21. Quantity of Electricity Sold to Utility and Nonutility Purchasers by

Selected Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988 ............................ 57

22. Components of Onsite Electricity Generation by Industry Group and Selected

Industries, 1988 ....................................................... 58

23. Components of Onsite Electricity Generation by Selected Characteristics of

the Establishment, 1988 ................................................. 59

24. Quantity of Electricity Generated Onsite by Establishments Interconnected 

with a Utility and/or Designated As A Qualifying Facility by Industry Group 

and Selected Industries, 1988 ............................................. 60

iv Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Tables (Continued)

Page

25. Quantity of Electricity Generated Onsite by Establishments Interconnected 

with A Utility and/or Designated As A Qualifying Facility by Selected 

Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988 ................................... 61

26. Total Quantity of Selected Energy Sources Purchased by Census Region,

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 ................................ 62

27. Total Quantities of Selected Energy Sources Purchased by Economic Characteristics

of the Establishment, 1988 ............................................... 65

28. Total Expenditures for Selected Purchased Energy Sources by Census Region,

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 ................................ 66

29. Total Expenditures for Selected Purchased Energy Sources by Economic Characteristics

of the Establishment, 1988 ............................................... 69

30. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Energy Sources by Census Region,

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 ................................ 70

31. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Energy Sources by Economic Characteristics of

the Establishment, 1988 ................................................. 76

32. Relative Standard Errors for Table 1, Parts 1 and 2 of Detailed Statistics Section ..... 79

33. Relative Standard Errors for Table 2 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 83

34. Relative Standard Errors for Table 3 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 86

35. Relative Standard Errors for Table 4 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 92

36. Relative Standard Errors for Table 5 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 95

37. Relative Standard Errors for Table 6 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 96

38. Relative Standard Errors for Table 7 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 99

39. Relative Standard Errors for Table 8 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 100

40. Relative Standard Errors for Table 9 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 101

41. Relative Standard Errors for Table 10 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 102

42. Relative Standard Errors for Table 11 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 103

43. Relative Standard Errors for Table 12 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 104

44. Relative Standard Errors for Table 13 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 105

45. Relative Standard Errors for Table 14 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 106

46. Relative Standard Errors for Table 15 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 109

47. Relative Standard Errors for Table 16 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 110

48. Relative Standard Errors for Table 17 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ Ill

49. Relative Standard Errors for Table 18 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 112

50. Relative Standard Errors for Table 19 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 113

51. Relative Standard Errors for Table 20 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 114

52. Relative Standard Errors for Table 21 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 115

53. Relative Standard Errors for Table 22 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 116

54. Relative Standard Errors for Table 23 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 117

55. Relative Standard Errors for Table 24 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 118

56. Relative Standard Errors for Table 25 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 119

57. Relative Standard Errors for Table 26 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 120

58. Relative Standard Errors for Table 27 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 123

59. Relative Standard Errors for Table 28 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 124

60. Relative Standard Errors for Table 29 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 127

61. Relative Standard Errors for Table 30, Parts 1 and 2 of Detailed Statistics Section ..... 128

62. Relative Standard Errors for Table 31 of Detailed Statistics Section ................ 131

Al. Conversion of Physical Units to British Thermal Units ......................... 148

Bl. Estimates of the Consumption of Major Types of Energy in the Industrial Sector, 1988 . 155

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Illustrations

Page

1. Total Consumption of Offsite-Produced Energy, 1981, 1985, and 1988 .............. 9

2. Components of Primary Consumption of Energy, 1988 .......................... 10

3. Primary Consumption of Energy Sources, 1988 ............................... 10

4. Components of Total Inputs of Energy by, 1988 ............................... 12

5. Consumption of Byproduct Energy Sources by Manufacturers, 1988 ................ 13

6. Net Electricity Demand by Manufacturers for Census Regions, 1988 ............... 14

7. Onsite-Generated Electricity by Manufacturers for Census Regions, 1988 ............ 15

vi Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Executive Summary

Numerous recent events the crisis in heating oil markets, the Persian Gulf War, the 1990 amendments to the 

Clean Air Act, the 20th anniversary of Earth Day, the development of the National Energy Strategy have 

refocused America's attention on energy. Questions are being asked about the quantities and types of energy 

consumed by various sectors, how that energy is consumed, and the potential for energy conservation. The 

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS), conducted by the Energy Information Administration 

(EIA), provides answers to many of these questions for the manufacturing sector.

About one-third of all energy consumed in the United States is used by manufacturers. According to the 1988 

MECS, the most recent year for which data are available, the total primary consumption of energy by 

manufacturers was about 20.5 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu). Primary consumption is defined in the 

MECS as the total requirement for end-use energy at the establishment site, regardless of whether it is used 

to produce heat and power or as a raw material. Several basic observations result from the data collected with 

the 1988 MECS:

Heat and power production 

account for 70 percent of energy 

consumption

Byproduct fuels account for 23 

percent of manufacturers' fuel 

consumption

Natural gas meets 29 percent 

of the energy demand by manu 

facturers

Of the total 1988 primary consumption of energy by manufacturers, 

approximately 14.4 quadrillion Btu (70 percent) was used to 

produce heat and power. The remaining 6.1 quadrillion Btu of 

primary energy was used as a raw material to produce thousands of 

products such as chemicals, fertilizers, pharmaceutical preparations, 

coke for use in the production of steel, asphalt and road oil to build 

roads, and various solvents, lubricants, and waxes.

Of the 14.4 quadrillion Btu of energy that was consumed by 

manufacturers to produce heat and power, 3.3 quadrillion Btu (23 

percent) were byproducts of nonenergy materials used by manufac 

turers. The remaining 11.1 quadrillion Btu was purchased from 

vendors or provided by other offsite sources. The consumption of 

byproduct energy sources is concentrated in four specific industries. 

The Petroleum Refining industry consumed waste gas (also called 

still gas or refinery gas) and petroleum coke. The Paper and 

Paperboard Mills industries consumed pulping liquor and other 

wood materials. Finally, the Lumber and Wood Products industry 

consumed wood waste as a byproduct energy source.

Manufacturers' primary consumption of natural gas was 5.7 trillion 

cubic feet (tcf) in 1988. That consumption was the equivalent of 5.9 

quadrillion Btu, and met an estimated 29 percent of the primary 

consumption needs of manufacturers. According to the Monthly 

Energy Review, published by the EIA, total 1988 natural gas 

consumption in the United States was 18.0 tcf; manufacturers 

accounted for about 32 percent of that consumption. Only 0.5 tcf 

of natural gas was consumed as a raw material, and nearly all of 

that was accounted for by the Chemicals and Allied Products 

industry, which consumes large quantities of natural gas to produce 

nitrogenous fertilizers.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 vii
40 percent of the coal consumed 

by manufacturers is used to 

produce steel

Manufacturers' consumption of 

petroleum products accounts for 

onfy 8 percent of the crude oil 

processed by refineries

Manufacturers consume natural 

gas over residual fuel oil by a 

ratio of 10 to 1

2-37

Manufacturers' choice of fuels 

depends in part on their prices

Manufacturers generate nearly 

115 billion kilowatthours of 

electricity

Manufacturers consumed approximately 97.6 million short tons of 

coal during 1988, or only 11 percent of the total coal consumed in 

the United States. Of the total consumption by manufacturers, 39.0 

million short tons (40 percent) was consumed by the Blast Furnaces 

and Steel Mills industry to produce coke for use in the production 

of steel. The rest (58.6 million short tons or 60 percent) was con 

sumed by manufacturers to produce heat and power.

In 1988, manufacturers consumed 406.4 million barrels of petroleum 

products consisting of residual and distillate fuel oil and liquefied 

petroleum gases (LPG). Only 8 percent of the total crude oil 

processed by refineries was used to produce these petroleum 

products. Moreover, those petroleum products met less than 9 

percent of the total primary consumption requirements of manufac 

turers. The major use of petroleum products by manufacturers was 

as a raw material 250.4 million barrels were consumed for that pur 

pose and LPG met 98 percent of that total requirement. LPG was 

used heavily by the Chemicals and Allied Products industry to 

produce a wide range of products.

Much of the fuel-burning equipment used by manufacturers is 

capable of burning more than one energy source. Although natural 

gas is not fully replaceable by fuel oils, there is some flexibility in 

the choice of one over the other. Based on heat content, manu 

facturers' ratio of the primary consumption of natural gas to 

residual fuel oil was nearly 10 to 1. However, that ratio was not 

uniform throughout the United States. In the Northeast Census 

Region, it was about 2 to 1, while in the South Census Region, it 

was 17 to 1. In the Midwest and West Census Regions, the ratios 

were 14 to 1, and 9 to 1, respectively.

The geographic variation in the ratios of natural gas to residual fuel 

oil is probably due, in part, to regional differences in the prices of 

those energy sources. In all regions of the country except the South 

Census Region, the price of residual fuel oil per million Btu was 

less than the price of natural gas. In the Northeast Census Region, 

which had the lowest ratio of natural gas to residual fuel oil, 

manufacturers paid an average of $2.66 per million Btu for residual 

fuel oil and $3.31 for natural gas. In the South Census Region, 

which had the highest ratio, manufacturers paid $2.37 per million 

Btu for residual fuel oil, but only $2.17 for natural gas.

In 1988, manufacturers purchased 701.0 billion kilowatthours (kWh) 

of electricity directly from utilities. An additional 27.2 billion kWh 

was transferred to the consuming manufacturers from other 

establishments within the same company, or from company-owned 

electricity generating facilities. Manufacturers also generated 114.8 

billion kWh of electricity onsite. From that total pool of electrici 

ty 843.0 billion kWh manufacturers sold or transferred 23.7 billion 

kWh to other establishments or utilities, resulting in a total net 

demand of 819.3 billion kWh. Thus, manufacturers generated or 

cogenerated over 14 percent of their electricity demand.

viii Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
South Census Region leads 

Nation in the generation of 

electricity

Upcoming reports and analyses

Net electricity demand in the South Census Region was 356.1 

billion kWh. Of that total demand, 71.9 billion kWh (20 percent) 

was generated or cogenerated onsite. Manufacturers in the South 

Census Region accounted for 63 percent of the total onsitegenerated electricity in the Nation. That high level of electricity 

generation activity is due, in part, to the heavy concentration of 

industries in the South that normally consume large quantities of 

electricity. These industries are Paper and Allied Products, Chemi 

cals and Allied Products, and Petroleum Refining.

The primary purpose of this report is to provide a compilation of 

statistics that can be used for a wide variety of analyses on energy 

consumption by manufacturers. The text of this data report 

highlights some of the information that might be of interest to 

analysts using the results of the Manufacturing Energy Consumption 

Survey. Two additional data reports will be issued on fuel-switching 

capabilities and changes in energy efficiency from 1985 to 1988. In 

addition, EIA will release a comparative analysis of energy con 

sumption by manufacturers for 1985 and 1988. Finally, additional 

topics that may be covered by EIA's consumption analyses include:

 Relationship of the consumption of individual energy sources 

to production in high tech, fast growth industries

 Development of derived state-level estimates of MECS energy 

consumption data

 Development of derived annual estimates of MECS energy 

consumption data

 Relationship of energy consumption and emissions in manu 

facturing

 Preparation for the 1991 MECS an assessment of user needs.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 be
1. Introduction

This report, Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988, has been prepared by 

the Energy Use Division, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy Information Administration (EIA).

The EIA is mandated by Congress to be the agency within the Department of Energy that collects, analyzes, 

and disseminates impartial, comprehensive data about energy how much is produced, who uses it, and the 

purposes for which it is used. To comply with that Congressional mandate, the EIA collects energy data from 

a wide variety of sources covering a range of topics. 1

A Guide to the Tables in this Report

The estimates in this report are based on data 

collected on the 1988 Manufacturing Energy Con 

sumption Survey (MECS), Forms 846 (A through 

C). The EIA conducts this national sample survey 

of manufacturing energy consumption on a triennial 

basis. The MECS is the only comprehensive source 

of national-level data on energy-related information 

for the manufacturing industries. The MECS was 

first conducted in 1986 to collect data for 1985. 

This report presents manufacturing energy consump 

tion and related data for 1988. It is the first of a 

series that will include future reports on fuel-switch 

ing capabilities and changes in energy efficiency. 

The EIA also conducts energy consumption surveys 

in the residential, residential transportation, and 

commercial buildings sectors.

The MECS is conducted by the EIA under the authority of the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, 

Public Law 93-275, as amended, and Section 205 of the Department of Energy Organization Act, Public Law 

95-91, as amended by Section 3102 of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986, Public Law 99-509.

The Industry Division of the Bureau of the Census serves as ELA's data collecting and compiling agent for the 

MECS. All data reported to the Bureau of the Census are confidential under the provisions of Section 9, Title 

13, of the U.S. Code.

The EIA gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the respondents in supplying the information used to 

produce the estimates in this report.

Energy Consumption 

Storage Capacity 

Energy Operating Ratios 

Electricity Demand 

Electricity Suppliers 

Purchased Steam 

Electricity Sales 

Electricity Generation 

Purchased Energy 

Prices and Expenditures 

Relative Standard Errors

Tables 1-4,7-10,13 

Tables 5, 11 

Tables 6, 12 

Tables 14-15 

Tables 16-17 

Tables 18-19 

Tables 20-21 

Tables 22-25 

Tables 26-27 

Tables 28-31 

Tables 32-62

1The EIA conducts numerous energy-related surveys. In general, these surveys can be divided into two broad groups. One group of 

surveys is directed to the suppliers and marketers of specific energy sources. These surveys measure the quantities of specific fuels 

produced and/or supplied to the market. These types of surveys are called supply surveys. The results of these supply surveys are 

combined and published in the Monthly Energy Review, and other EIA publications. The second group gathers information on the types 

of energy used by the end users of energy along with the characteristics of those end users that can be associated with energy use. The 

MECS belongs to the consumption survey group because it collects information directly from the end users the manufacturing 

establishments. There are important differences between the supply and consumption surveys that need to be taken into account in any 

analysis that uses both data sources. For information on these differences, see Energy Information Administration, Energy Consumption 

by End-Use Sector, A Comparison of Measures by Consumption and Supply Surveys, DOE/EIA-0533 (Washington, DC, April 6, 1990). 

Appendix A of this report also includes a summary of the differences.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 1
2. Surveying the Manufacturing Division

The Scope of the 1988 MECS

The manufacturing division2 of the U.S. economy produces final products that consumers purchase, such as 

automobiles and household furniture, as well as intermediate products such as automobile engines and 

upholstery fabric that are used by other manufacturers to produce other final or intermediate products. The 

division is composed of approximately 350,000 establishments, which serve as the data collection units for the 

MECS.

A manufacturing establishment is generally at a 

single physical location and is often called a plant, 

factory, or mill. Manufacturing establishments use 

mechanical or chemical processes to transform input 

materials or substances into new products. They 

ordinarily use power-driven machines and equipment 

for handling materials. A manufacturing establish 

ment may also assemble components or perform 

blending operations. Electric utilities, mining 

operations, agriculture, forestry and fishery opera 

tions, and construction are not included in the 

manufacturing division.

Expanded Coverage For 1988 MECS Results in 

Higher Energy Consumption Estimates

The 1988 MECS was designed to produce esti 

mates of energy consumption and other energyrelated activities for the entire population of 

manufacturing establishments. It is important to 

note that the coverage of the 1988 MECS is 

more comprehensive than the coverage of the 

1985 MECS. The 1985 MECS excluded the 

energy consumption of very small manufacturing 

establishments. That change in coverage results 

in 1988 energy consumption estimates that are 

two to three percent higher over all industries than 

they would have been if the procedures of the 

1985 MECS had been similarly followed for the 

1988 MECS. The coverage differential is larger 

for industries dominated by small businesses 

(such as printing and publishing) than for indus 

tries dominated by relatively few large corpora 

tions (such as primary aluminum smelting). See 

Appendix A for additional details.

The Sample Design

The estimates in this report are based on data 

collected from a carefully designed sample of ap 

proximately 12,000 manufacturing establishments. 

The major component of the MECS sample is a 

subset of the sample for the Annual Survey of 

Manufactures (ASM) conducted by the Bureau of 

the Census.3 The MECS sample was specifically 

designed to produce high-quality estimates of energy 

consumption and related information for industry 

categories within the manufacturing division.

The industrial categories in the MECS sample conform to the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 

system developed by the Office of Management and Budget.4 That classification system underlies all 

establishment-based Federal statistics classified by industry. The SIC system is used to promote the 

comparability of establishment data describing various facets of the U.S. economy.

The SIC system covers the entire field of economic activities and defines industries in accordance with the 

composition and structure of the economy. The SIC is a hierarchical classification system in which each level 

contains increasingly homogeneous categories of industrial activities. The levels of classification in the SIC

^The manufacturing division is one of four divisions comprising the Industrial Sector of the United States economy as defined by the 

Energy Information Administration. The other three divisions in this sector are agriculture, forestry, and fishing; mining; and construction. 

3Appendix A contains a detailed discussion of the procedures followed to select the MECS sample. 

4Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 (Washington, DC, 1987).

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
system are: division, major group, industry group, and industry. The manufacturing division contains 20 major 

groups (SIC 20 through 39).

Manufacturing establishments are classified into industries based on the value of production of specific 

products. If an establishment produces more than one type of product, it is classified according to the value 

of production of its primary product. For example, an establishment that is primarily engaged in 

manufacturing paper from wood pulp, and also manufactures paperboard, is classified in the Paper Mills 

Industry (SIC 2621). It would not be classified in the Paperboard Mills Industry (SIC 2631).

The population of manufacturing establishments was stratified into 30 industry categories to select the MECS 

sample. These categories are the 20 major manufacturing groups (two-digit SIC) and the 10 specific 

manufacturing industries (four-digit SIC) that historically have consumed the largest amounts of energy.5 That 

stratification scheme helps to ensure that the characteristics of an industry category are properly represented 

by the sample. Stratification also helps to control the sampling error which is present in all sample surveys.6

Measuring Manufacturing Industries' Energy Consumption

Identifying the types of energy sources7 used and measuring their consumption is relatively straightforward 

for most sectors of the economy. For example, most households consume only commonly known energy 

sources such as electricity, natural gas, home heating oil, wood for the fireplace, and gasoline. These energy 

sources are usually purchased from vendors such as utilities, heating oil distributors, and gasoline service 

stations. They are consumed primarily to provide heat, to cook food, run appliances and automobiles, and 

so on.

The energy-consuming characteristics of the manufacturing division are much more complex. While 

manufacturers consume large quantities of the more commonly known energy sources, they also consume a 

wide variety of unusual energy sources such as rice hulls. Moreover, some materials, which might be thought 

of as an energy source, are, in fact, not counted as an energy source. The wood consumed to make furniture 

is an example. In addition, manufacturers not only purchase energy, they also produce it, sell it, and transfer 

it. Finally, manufacturers use energy to produce heat and power and as a raw material. These complexities 

require special attention when attempting to measure energy consumption in the manufacturing division.

Manufacturers Use Numerous Unusual Energy Sources

Manufacturers consume large quantities of the commonly known energy sources such as electricity, natural 

gas, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases, coal, and so on. In addition, however, manufacturers consume many 

energy sources that are not commonly used by other sectors of the economy. The Pulp and Paper Industry, 

for example, consumes wood chips, bark and wood waste materials produced during the preparation of wood 

for pulping. The pulping process itself produces an energy source known as pulping liquor, or black liquor, 

which is also consumed as a fuel. Other unusual energy sources include the off-gases resulting from the 

production of coke from coal, as well as petroleum coke and still gas produced at petroleum refineries. In 

addition, certain manufacturers consume biomass (such as rice hulls), packing crates, and other similar 

materials as energy sources. Finally, some manufacturers produce their own electricity using hydropower, wind 

power, solar power, and geothermal sources.

5Appendix D contains descriptions of the 30 strata included in the MECS.

*See Appendix B for more information on the quality of the estimates.

7An energy source is defined as a substance such as natural gas, coal, or electricity that is capable of supplying heat or power.

4 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
When Is An Energy Source Not An Energy Source?

Some materials, which may be thought of as energy sources, are not counted as energy sources in the 

manufacturing division. The most obvious example is the crude oil and other refinery inputs consumed by 

petroleum refineries. Petroleum refineries do not "use up" these inputs. Rather, they convert them to more 

usable energy products as gasoline, diesel fuel, home heating oil, and so on. These products are then 

consumed by other sectors of the economy and would be counted as an energy source for those sectors. 

Including the inputs used by refineries and the refined petroleum products consumed by all sectors of the 

economy would result in double counting when estimating total end-use energy consumption. Therefore, the 

MECS excludes refinery inputs from its definition of energy consumption.

However, petroleum refineries also produce numerous final products that are not considered by consumers 

to be energy sources and would not be counted as such. These products include asphalt, road oil, solvents, 

lubricants, and waxes. The primary inputs to produce these nonenergy products are crude oil and natural gas 

liquids. Because these refinery inputs are excluded from the MECS' definition of energy consumption, total 

end-use energy consumption for the U.S. economy would be undercounted by an amount equal to the quantity 

of inputs required to produce these nonenergy products. One solution to this problem would be to include 

the refinery inputs used to produce nonenergy products and exclude the inputs used to produce energy 

products. In the interest of minimizing respondent burden, however, the MECS does not collect quantities 

of inputs required to produce specific products. However, except for spillage and contamination, the heat 

content (in Btu) of inputs to the refining process is equal to the heat content of the resulting products. 

Therefore, the heat content of the nonenergy products can serve as a measure of the heat content of the 

refinery inputs required to produce them.

EIA's "Monthly Refinery Report"8 provides information on the quantities (in barrels) of the nonenergy 

products shipped by refineries. These physical quantities were converted to energy content (asphalt, for 

example, has a heat content of 6.636 million Btu per 42 gallon barrel), and the resulting values were used as 

a surrogate for the quantities of energy used to produce them.

The other excluded "energy source" in the MECS is the enormous quantity of wood consumed to produce 

paper, build furniture, or manufacture lumber. Wood used as a raw material input is not considered to be 

an energy source by those manufacturers, even though it could, in fact, be consumed to produce heat and 

power. For the MECS, wood is considered to be an energy source only when it is consumed to produce heat 

and power.

Manufacturers Consume Energy To Provide Heat and Power and as a Raw Material Input

There are two basic uses of energy in the manufacturing division. The most widely understood use is to 

produce heat and power, and to generate electricity. In addition, energy may be used as a raw material input 

to the manufacturing process. Energy consumed as a raw material is frequently called a feedstock, although 

that terminology most often refers to petroleum-based inputs and natural gas. There are numerous examples 

of energy being consumed as a raw material. Coal is consumed to produce coke. Natural gas is processed to 

extract methane, ethane, propane, and butane. These gases, in turn, are frequently used as a fuel (in the form 

of liquefied petroleum gases, or LPG), or used to produce everything from fertilizers to various pharmaceutical 

preparations.

Manufacturers Purchase Energy and Produce It Onsite

Regardless of how it is used, there are three ways that an energy source may arrive at an establishment. First, 

an energy source could be produced offsite and purchased by or transferred to the consuming establishment.

^e "Monthly Refinery Report," Form EIA-810, is designed to provide information regarding the balance between the supply 

(beginning stocks, receipts, and production) and disposition (input, shipments, fuel use and losses, and ending stocks) of refined products.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 5
Most of the commonly known energy sources arrive at the manufacturing site in this manner. Second, it could 

be produced onsite from the use of other energy source materials. Coke oven gas, for example, is produced 

as a byproduct when manufacturing coke from coal. Electricity is also generated onsite using natural gas, oil, 

coal, and other energy source materials as input fuels. Third, energy could be produced onsite from nonenergy 

materials, or from inputs, such as crude oil, defined as nonenergy materials. For example, the electrolysis of 

brine (salt water, a nonenergy material) produces chlorine and caustic soda as the main products, and hydrogen 

(an energy source) as a byproduct. The hydrogen is counted as an energy source produced from a nonenergy 

material. Other examples arise from the use of crude oil as an input by petroleum refineries, and wood used 

as an input by pulp and paper mills and other manufacturers of wood products. As mentioned previously, 

these inputs are not treated as energy sources, and, therefore, by definition, are nonenergy materials. However, 

petroleum refining produces still gas and petroleum coke (see "Glossary") as byproducts of the refining process. 

These byproducts are consumed onsite by petroleum refineries, largely for heat and power. Still gas and 

petroleum coke are considered to be energy sources produced from a nonenergy material. Similarly, pulping 

liquor, wood chips, bark, and wood waste are consumed as energy sources.

The MECS Uses Three Measures of Energy Consumption

To deal with the complexities of energy consumption by manufacturers, three measures of energy consumption 

are defined for this report.

 The most restrictive measure of energy consumption is Offsite-Produced Energy for Heat, Power, and 

Electricity Generation. This measure includes only these energy sources that were produced offsite and 

consumed onsite. Energy sources consumed as a raw material input are excluded, as are all energy 

sources produced and consumed onsite. Offsite-produced energy consumption is definitionally 

compatible with the energy use measure in "Fuels and Electric Energy Consumed" supplement to the 

ASM, which was published by the Bureau of the Census for the years 1974 through 1981.* These MECS 

estimates of offsite-produced energy consumption appear in Tables 4 and 10 of this report.

 Another measure of energy consumption is Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity 

Generation. This measure includes the offsite-produced energy as well as onsite-produced byproduct 

fuels resulting from the use of other energy sources originally consumed as a raw material input. It also 

includes the byproduct fuels resulting from the use of nonenergy materials as raw material inputs, and 

electricity produced from nonmaterial energy inputs. This measure of consumption excludes all energy 

sources consumed as a raw material input to the manufacturing process. These estimates appear in 

Tables 3 and 9 and are used to prepare the operating ratios in Tables 6 and 13.

 The most comprehensive measure of energy consumption is Primary Consumption of Energy for All 

Purposes. This measure represents the total energy requirements (including energy used as a raw 

material input) of manufacturing industries to produce nonenergy products. This measure could be 

defined as the "first use of energy" at a manufacturing establishment because it excludes any byproduct 

energy sources that were produced on site as a result of the use of another energy source. However, the 

byproduct energy sources produced onsite from nonenergy materials (including wood and crude oil, which 

are defined as nonenergy materials) are included. The estimates of total primary consumption appear 

in Tables 1 and 7 of this report. The estimates of Primary Consumption of Energy for Nonfuel Purposes 

(i.e., as a raw material input) appear separately in Tables 2 and 8. These tables also include the 

surrogate measure of the refinery inputs to produce nonenergy products. That value is included in the 

"Other" column for petroleum refineries in Tables 1,2, 7, and 8. (See the footnotes to these tables and 

Appendix A for more information.)

9See, for example, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1982 Census of Manufactures, Fuels and Electric Energy 

Consumed, Part 1, Industry Groups and Industries. MC82-S-4 (Part 1). (Washington, DC, June 1983.) The Bureau of the Census defines 

purchased fuels as "...any substance that was purchased or transferred from outside of the defined boundaries of the establishment in which 

it was consumed, for the production of heat, power, or generated electricity."

6 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Measures of Electricity, Steam, and Hot W 

Net Electricity and Electricity Demand

Accounting for electricity use by manufacturers is also a complex issue. Most manufacturing establishments 

purchase electricity directly from utilities as do other consumers. In some situations, however, several 

establishments of the same corporation may be physically located within the same local area. In such cases, 

it is frequently economical for these establishments to pool their electricity purchases by having one 

establishment serve as the "central purchaser." In this case, the electricity is transferred from the central 

purchasing authority to the consuming establishment. Many manufacturers also generate some or nearly all 

of their own electricity. Onsite generation of electricity can result from cogeneration (i.e., the production of 

electrical energy and another form of useful energy through the sequential use of energy) and conventional 

generation. In some cases, manufacturers generate electricity from solar power, wind power, hydropower, and 

geothermal sources. Finally, some manufacturers sell electricity back to the utility or to other manufacturing 

establishments. These components are used to develop two distinctly different measures of electricity use for 

the MECS. These are electricity demand and net electricity consumption.

Electricity demand is the amount of electricity actually consumed onsite, regardless of where or how it was 

produced. It is a useful measure of electricity consumption without regard to the consumption of other energy 

sources. Electricity demand is estimated in this report as the sum of electricity purchases, transfers in, and 

total onsite generation minus the quantities of electricity sold or transferred offsite. These estimates appear 

in Tables 14 and 15.

Electricity demand, however, is an inappropriate measure for estimating total primary consumption or total 

inputs of energy because these total estimates are defined as unduplicated estimates of energy consumption. 

Onsite-generated electricity, a component of electricity demand, includes cogeneration, conventional 

generation, as well as generation by renewable energy sources. Cogeneration and conventional generation use 

input fuels such as natural gas or coal. These input energy sources are included in the estimates of Total 

Primary Consumption for All Purposes and Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity 

Generation. To also include the generated electricity would result in double counting. Accordingly, the 

appropriate unduplicated measure of electricity use is "net electricity."

Net electricity is estimated for each establishment as the sum of purchased electricity, transfers in, and 

generation from noncombustible renewable resources minus the quantities of electricity sold and transferred 

offsite. Thus, net electricity excludes the quantities of electricity generated or cogenerated onsite from 

combustible fuels. The estimates of net electricity appear in the estimates of Total Primary Consumption for 

All Purposes (Tables 1 and 7) and Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation (Tables 

3 and 9).

Finally, the estimates of Offsite-Produced Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation (Tables 4 and 

10) include only electricity receipts (that is, purchased electricity and electricity transferred in). This measure 

was used so that the MECS estimates of offsite-produced energy would be consistent with the Census Bureau's 

definition of "purchased fuels and electricity."

Net Steam and Hot Water

Accounting for steam and hot water use by manufacturers is similar to accounting for electricity. Many 

manufacturers generate steam and hot water onsite. These energy sources can be produced in a conventional 

boiler dedicated to that purpose, or can be produced as a result of electricity cogeneration. In addition, some 

manufacturers purchase steam and/or hot water from a nearby manufacturer or transfer it from an 

establishment within the same corporation. A limited number generate steam onsite from noncombustible 

renewable energy sources (basically geothermal energy). Other manufacturing establishments sell or transfer 

steam and/or hot water to other establishments.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Because steam and hot water are energy sources, they need to be accounted for in estimates of total energy 

consumption. Like electricity, however, including the steam and hot water that is produced onsite using other 

energy inputs would result in double counting. Therefore, for the purposes of this report, steam and hot water 

are included on a "net" basis, as was electricity. Net steam is calculated as the sum of purchases, transfers in, 

and generation from renewable energy sources minus the quantities sold and transferred out. Net hot water 

is calculated in a similar manner. Neither of these estimates include the quantities of steam produced onsite.

The estimates of net steam and net hot water are not shown separately in the MECS. They are included in 

the "Other" column of Tables 1, 3, 7, and 9. The estimates of Offsite-Produced Energy for Heat, Power, and 

Electricity Generation (Tables 4 and 10) include the steam and hot water purchased by and transferred to a 

manufacturing establishment in order to be consistent with the Census Bureau's definition of "purchased fuels 

and electricity."

8 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
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increases occurred in the Midwest and South Regions where the consumption of total offsite-produced energy 

increased from 2.8 to 3.2 quadrillion Btu (15 percent) and 4.5 to 5.2 quadrillion Btu (16 percent), respectively.

1*1*7. i/'

The Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes

Total Primary Consumption tor All Purposes 

Exceeds 20 Quadrillion Btu in 1988

During 1988, the Primary Consumption of Energy 

for All Purposes by the manufacturing division was 

20.5 quadrillion Btu (Figure 2). The use of energy 

sources as a feedstock or raw material input 

accounted for 6.1 quadrillion Btu, or nearly 30 

percent of total consumption. That feedstock 

consumption consisted of 3.3 Quadrillion Btu of 

feedstocks for the production of nonenergy prod 

ucts at petroleum refineries, and 2.9/quadrillion 

Btu of other feedstocks produced offsite or onsite 

from nonenergy materials.11

Figure 2. Components of Primary Consumption 

of Energy, 1988

. f

"707

Tolol Primary Consumption of Energy: 20.5»Quadrillion Btu

ft, !••

Offsite-Produced Energy 

11.1 Quadrillion Btu 

(53.8 Percent) 

K

Byproduct Fuels Fr_.. 

Nonenergy Materials 

3.3 Quadrillion Btu 

(16.3 Percent) /

Other Feedstocks

2.9 Quadrillion Btu

(14.0 Percent)

Feedstocks To Produce 

Nonenergy Products 

3.3 Quadrillion Btu 

(15.9 Percent)^-'

The remaining primary consumption (14.4 qua 

drillion Btu) was for the production of heat, 

power, and generated electricity. That consump tion consisted of 11.1 quadrillion Btu of offsite- Source: Tables 1 - 2' and 4 of this reporl 

produced energy and 3.3 quadrillion Btu of energy byproducts that resulted from the use of nonenergy 

materials. These energy byproducts consisted of such energy sources as wood chips, bark, wood waste 

materials, and pulping liquor produced from wood used as a raw material input, and still gas and petroleum 

coke, produced as a byproduct of the processing of crude oil at petroleum refineries. As pointed out in the 

previous chapter, neither wood consumed as a nonenergy raw material, nor crude oil used to produce energy 

products are considered as energy sources in the MECS.

'Other* Primary Consumption Includes the Raw 

Material Inputs to Produce Nonenergy Products

The primary consumption of "other" energy sources 

was 7.7 quadrillion Btu, or 37 percent of total 

primary consumption of energy for all purposes 

(Figure 3). This category includes net steam and 

all miscellaneous energy sources that respondents 

indicated were used to produce heat, power, and 

generated electricity, or used as a feedstock or raw 

material input.

Two industry groups dominate the consumption of 

"other" energy sources. Petroleum and Coal 

Products (SIC 29) accounted for 5.4 quadrillion 

Btu (Table 1, Part 2), and Paper and Allied Prod 

ucts (SIC 26), for 1.2 quadrillion BtuX However, 

the estimate for SIC 29 includes the feedstocks 

that were consumed at petroleum refineries to 

produce nonenergy products. Those feedstocks

Figure 3. Primary Consumption of Energy 

Sources, 1988

Total Primary Consumption of Energy: 20.5 Quadrillion Btu

Other Energy Sources/ 

7.7 Quadrillion Btui/

(37.4 Percent)

Natural Gas

5.9 Quadrillion Btu

(28.5 Percent)

Coke and Breeze

0.4 Quadrillion Btu

(2.0 Percent)

0.8 Qu

(3.9 Percent)

Coal -^ . 

2.4 Quadrillion BtujX 

(11.7 Percent) Net Electricity

2.4 Quadrillion Btu y 

(11.5 Percent)

LPG

1.0 Quadrillion Btu |> 

(4.9 Percent)

Source: Table 1 of this report.

"Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent founding. 

10 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
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Liquefied Petroleum Gases Consumed Primarily as a Petrochemical Feedstock

The primary consumption of liquefied petroleum gases" (LPG) by manufacturers was 11.5 , 

billion^allons, or the equivalent of 1.0 quadrillion Btu. This consumption represents 5 percent * 

of the total primary consumption of energy. Most LPG consumption is as a feedstock in 

Chemicals and Allied Products (SIC 28) to produce plastics materials and resins, industrial

organic chemicals, and pther products. The total consumption of LPG as a feedstock by SIC 28 was 10.3

billion-gallons (Table3l or 89 percentr-of the total primary LPG consumption.

Fuel Oil Accounts for Less Than 4 Percent of Total Primary Consumption by Manufacturers

g In 1988, manufacturers consumed 93.7 million barrels of residual, and 37.9 million barrels of

H distillate fuel oil. The consumption of these two energy sources is the equivalent of 0.8

j|j quadrillion Btu, and represents only 4 percent of the total primary consumption of energy.

Measured by heat content (Btu), the primary consumption of fuel oil was less than 14 percent

of the primary consumption of natural gas. Only a small proportion of fuel oil (about 4 percent) was

consumed as a feedstock.

Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation

Manufacturers' Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, 

Power, and Generated Electricity Were 15.5 

Quadrillion Btu in 1988

The Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and 

Electricity Generation for the manufacturing 

division in 1988 were 15.5 quadrillion Btu (Figure 

4). This measure of consumption represents the 

total requirements for energy specifically for its 

energy content by the manufacturing division, 

regardless of how that energy was acquired.

Figure 4. Components of Total Inputs of 

Energy, 1988

Total Inputsof Energy: 15.5 Quadrillion Btu

Offsite-Produced Energy

11.1 Quadrillion Btu.

(71.4yercent)

L.^, , u ^ ^ , rom 

Energy Materials 

1.1 Quadrillion/&tu 

(7.0,Percefft) ~

Byproduct Fuels From

Nonenergy Materials

J.3 Quadrillion/Btu

(21.6yP«relnt)

•*^/

The largest component of total inputs of energy is 

offsite-produced energy, that is, energy sources that 

were purchased or transferred to the establishment 

site. Offsite-produced energy was 11.1 quadrillion / 

Btu, or 71 percent of the total inputs of energy. 

The rest of total inputs of energy consisted of 

byproduct fuels that were produced onsite. Of those byproduct fuels, 3.3 quadrillion Btu originated from nonenergy materials. The remaining 1.1 quadrillion Btu of byproduct fuels were produced from other energy 

sources consumed as a raw material input.

Source: Tables 1 through 4 of this report.

Byproduct Energy Sources Account for 28 Percent of Total Input Energy

Numerous combustible byproducts serve as input energy sources in the manufacturing division. However, five 

byproduct energy sources dominate: blast furnace and coke oven gas, petroleum coke, pulping/black liquor, 

waste gases, and wood chips, bark, and wood waste materials. Altogether, these byproduct energy sources 

accounted for 4.4 quadrillion/Btu (Table 13), or 28 percent of Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and 

Electricity Generation. J

"Liquefied petroleum gases consist of ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane-propane mixtures, 

propane-butane mixtures, and isobutane.

12 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
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because it would result in double counting. However, total demand is a more complete measure of 

manufacturing electricity requirements than net electricity because it represents final use rather than first use.

Electricity Demand by Manufacturers Exceeds 819 Billion Kilowatthours in 1988

During 1988, the electricity demand of the manufacturing division was 819.3 billion/kWh. The components 

of that demand are purchases (701.0 billion/kWh), transfers in (27.2 billion^ Wh), ana onsite generation (1 14.8 

billion/kWh). The sum of these three 'components (843.0 billion/kWh) represents the total quantity of 

electricity available onsite during 1988. Of that quantity, 23.7 bimon kWh was sold or transferred offsite, 

leaving a net electricity demand of 819.3 billion kWh (Table 14).

South Census Region Has Highest Net Electricity 

Demand—Four Industries Dominate

The South Census Region (see map in Appendix 

E) had the highest net electricity demand, account 

ing for 356.1 billkmxfcWh, or^^rcent of total 

electricity demand (Figure 6). Four major groups 

accounted for 228.1 billionJfWh, or 64 percent of 

that demand. Chemicals and Allied Products (SIC 

28) required 104.4 billion/kWh; Primary Metal 

Industries (SIC 33), 48.1 billion^kWh; Paper and 

Allied Products (SIC 26), 48.1 billionJcWh; and 

Textile Mill Products (SIC 22), 27.6 billion-kWh.

The Midwest Census Region was second in net 

electricity demand, with 224.4 billion/kWh, or 27 

percent of total net electricity demand. Three,!.

>r>T]

Figure 6. Net Electricity Demand by Manu 

facturers for Census Regions, 1988

Total Net Electricity Demand: 819.3.3 Billion Kilowotlhours

South Census Region

itthours

(43.: "

356.1 BilllonXilowatl

'43.5Tercent) /

ts

Midwest Census Region

224.4 Billion Kilowatthours

 (27.4 Percent)

lortheast Census Region

108.6 BillionXilowatthours

(l3.3*Percent)

West Census Region

130.3 BilllonXilowalthours

(15.9^ercent)

Source: Table 14 of this report.

major groups accounted for 106.7 billion/kWh or^ATpercent of the total net electricity demand for the region. 

These industry groups were Primary Metals Industries (SIC 33), which required 55.4 billion kWh; Chemicals 

and Allied Products (SIC 28), 30.5 billionkWh; and Food and Kindred Products (SIC 20), 20.7

The West Census Region was third in net electricity demand, requiring 130.3 billion/kWh, or 16 percent of 

total net electricity demand. Four major groups accounted for 74.9 billion kWh, or 57 percent of the total 

net electricity demand for the region. Primary Metals (SIC 33) had the highest net electricity demand, with 

35.4 billion kWh. Of that quantity, the Primary Aluminum Industry (SIC 3334) accounted for 25.6 billion/ 

kWh. Paper and Allied Products (SIC 26) accounted for 17.3 billion kWh; Chemicals and Allied Products 

(SIC 28), 12.2 billion/kWh; and Petroleum and Coal Products (SIC 2$), 10.1 billionkWh.

Finally, the Northeast Census Region had the lowest net electricity demand 108.6 billionkWh, or 13 percent 

of total demand. Three major groups accounted for 47.3 billion kWh, or 47 percent of rret electricity demand 

in the this region. Primary Metals Industries (SIC 33) required 19.5 billionkWh; Paper and Allied Products 

(SIC 26), 14.3 billion kWh; and Chemicals and Allied Products (SIC 28),43.6 billion,kWh.

14 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
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Detailed

Statistics

Tables
arCg?

Revisions to 1988 MECS Estimates

An error was discovered after the 1988 MECS data were published. The nonenergy source shipments at petroleum 

refineries (see "Feedstocks and Ofrsite-Produced Fuel at Petroleum Refineries" in this appendix) was miscalculated 

and, as a result, overestimated. The following corrections should be made to the relevant 1988 MECS tables:

Table B3. Revision* to 1988 MECS Tables

(Estimates in Trillion Btu)

1988 MECS Publication Table 1 (parts 1 and 2)

SIC 

Cod* Industry Group* and Industry

As Published

Total Other

Revised

Total Other

Northeast

2911 . Petroleum Refining ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ....

Total ......................

2911 Petroleum Refining .........:..

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ....

Total ......................

2911 Petroleum Refining ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ....

Total ......................

2911 Petroleum Refining ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ....

Total ......................

2911 Petroleum Refining ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .....

Total ......................

583

598

2301

W 

523

675

546

560

2263

W

485' 

637

Midwest

948

976

4778

W

827

1011

894

923

4724

W 

773 

958

South

36S7

3703

10839

3069

3090

4622

3381

3427

10563

2793

2813

4345

West

1121

1134

2616

W

953

1373

1073

1086

2568

W

905

1325

United States

6310

6411

20534

5364

5393

7682

5893

5995

20118

4947

4976

7265

22 Energylnta i Adrnlnlstratlon/Mantrfacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1991
1988 MECS Publication Table 2 (Parts 1 or 2)

SIC

Code Industry Groups and Industry

As Published

Total Other

Revised

Total Other

Northeast

2911 Petroleum Refining ............ 367 367 329 329

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .... 368 Q 330 Q

Total ...................... _______699_________W________661_________W_

;________________Midwest ____________ 

2911 Petroleum Refining ............ 482 482 * 429 429

29 Petroleum and Coal Product* .... 486 Q ^ 432 Q

Total ...................... ______1163______* W_______1109_________W_

t _____________ South_________________

2911 Petroleum Refining ............ 2005 2005 1729 1729

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .... Q Q Q Q

Total ........ ^. ............ _______3779_________W _____3503_________W_

__________________West___________________

2911 Petroleum Refining ............ 403 403 355 355

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .... 410 W 361 W

Total ...................... _______491 _______W________443 W

________________United States _______________ 

2911 Petroleum Refining ............ 3258 3258 2841 2841

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .... 3290 3285 2874 2868

Total ...................... ______6132________3531________5716________3114

1988 MECS Publication Table 7

(Primary Consumption by Economic Characteristic)_______ '____-_________

_____AsPubfished______ _______Revised_______

Characteristic ________ Total Other Total Other

Not Ascertained ..................... 3258 3258 2841 2841

Total .,...................:.......________20534 _____7682_______20118 ____7265

1988 MECS Publication Table 8

(Primary Consumption for Nonfuel Use by Economic Characteristic)_______________

As Published______ Revised

Characteristic _____________ Total Other Total | Other

Not Ascertained ..................... 3258 3258 2841 2841

Total ............................. 6132 3531 5716 , 3114

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1991 23
Table 1. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988: Part 1

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Indusby Groups

Code* and Industry

Total

(trillion Btu)

Net

Electricity*

(million

kWh)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bWs)

Distillate

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Natural

Gas

(billion

cuft)

LPG

(million

gallons)

Coal

(1000

short tons)

Coke and

Breeze

(1000

short tons)

Other*

(trillion

Btu)

Total United States

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ............

Tobacco Products ...................

Textile Mill Products .................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ......

Lumber and Wood Products ...........

Furniture and Fixtures ................

Paper and Allied Products .............

Paper Mills .......................

Paperboard Mills...................

Printing and Publishing ...............

Chemicals and Allied Products ..........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee

Plastics Materials and Resins .........

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ......

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ..............

Petroleum and Coal Products ..........

Petroleum Refining* ................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ......

Leather and Leather Products ..........

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ........

Cement, Hydraulic .................

Primary Metal Industries ..............

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mils .........

Primary Aluminum .................

Fabricated Metal Products .............

Industrial Machinery and Equipment ......

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment . . .

Transportation Equipment .............

Instruments and Related Products .......

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..........

Total ............................

994

25

275

54

407

63

2.366

1.081

896

116

4,360

288

567

1,823

444

. .i"i'i- -0,41g

... #>.. -6:840-

... 253

16

966

311

2.875

2.067

258

346

280

224

350

113

41

i.i-- ;i & tn CIA

50,206

864

29.738

6,659

16,431

5,651

55.517

28,736

10,684

17,052

121,854

27,391

12,842

15,428

2,930

31,124

29,692

31,299

1,391

33,793

9,802

149,202

40,570

65,818

30.952

33.480

31,852

37,283

14,344

4,183

702,878

7,996

217

3,024

311

458

185

28,274

15,571

8.515

117

19,125

1,026

1,552

3,442

0

15.705

15.034

2.361

548

2,299

Q

7,023

6,542

2

737

556

725

2.970

917

195

93.744

5.594

81

1,144

397

3,898

591

2,175

935

467

384

2,992

354

182

737

24

4,648

1.138

786

169

6,095

924

2,640

1,100

74

1,221

1.485

919

2,003

368

275

37,865

476

2

91

21

34

22

418

174

155

47

1,991

131

202

668

415

703

666

107

5

455

29

730

431

19

198

126

82

135

31

19

5,695

110

3

31

9

40

14

53

23

5

18

10,295

3

2,583

6,700

W

642

600

31

1

47

*

66

12

2

50

32

33

25

Q

7

11,512

6.801

767

1,760

130

106

132

14,036

8,546

5,009

0

13,642

1,461

1,366

4,064

0

335

287

388

61

13,009

9,876

42,120

40,544

W

418

807

366

1,647

975

82

97,582

144

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

404

368

0

Q

0

0

0

0

0

414

127

15,589

13.625

W

46

Q

96

216

0

0

16,929 

85

1

12

1

285

12

1,236

507

530

4

545

8

49

384

W

5,99a

S.364-

4

21

15

45

18

9

10

3

6

9

2

1

~7£82

Northeast Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2821

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3372

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ............

Tobacco Products ...................

Textile Mill Products .................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ......

Lumber and Wood Products ...........

Furniture and Fixtures ................

Paper and Allied Products .............

Paper Mils ... ....................

Paperboard Mills ...................

Printing and Publishing ...............

Chemicals and Allied Products ..........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee .....

Plastics Materials and Resins .........

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ......

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ..............

Petroleum and Coal Products ..........

Petroleum Refininff ................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ......

Leather and Leather Products ..........

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ........

Cement, Hydraulic .................

Primary Metal Industries ..............

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mils .........

Primary Aluminum .................

Fabricated Metal Products .............

Industrial Machinery and Equipment ......

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment . . .

Transportation Equipment .............

Instruments and Related Products .......

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..........

Total ............................

90

NA

26

15

26

8

262

221

20

21

179

8

28

45

*

-596

-58»

39

W

154

37

554

456

W

71

48

57

55

52

W

2,361

6,117

NA

1.658

1,330

1,031

533

8,804

W

513

3,042

12,564

411

1.250

2.364

17

2,708

2,115

5,097

W

5.737

1,312

18.081

7,975

W

5,123

6,721

6,108

4,802

4.226

W

97,502

W

NA

1,067

250

Q

71

13,419

11,307

783

39

W

438

1,224

1,968

0

W

W

W

403

990

Q

1.475

1,059

2

388

514

515

1,702

842

159

35.685

1,410

NA

246

282

Q

109

W

W

217

297

W

99

98

174

*

1.119

83

464

116

1,115

113

753

213

7

766

699

667

713

307

202

12.002

41

NA

9

7

5

3

39

19

7

6

46

3

5

8

*

25

22

11

W

85

109

70

W

41

15

19

16

8

W

493

W

NA

9

Q

4

Q

21

16

1

Q

104

*

W

15

0

28

28

W*

7

*

25

4

12

4

11

4

1

2

262

W

NA

26

0

0

0

W

W

157

0

195

W

0

0

W

194

W

Q

1,320

1,209

11,950

11.609

1

35

56

24

249

975

65

16.774

0

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

55

52

1,540

1.342

0

10

0

33

0

0

0

1.639

3

NA

2

12

Q

90

80

*

2

24

*

2

14

*

523

W

1

Q

2

1

8

5

W

Q

*

1

Q

1

*

675

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 19
Table 1. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988: Part 1 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups

Code* and Industry

Total

(trillion Btu)

Net

Electricity"

(million

kWh)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbto)

Distillate

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Natural

Gas

(billion

cuft)

LPG

(million

gallons)

Coal

(1000

short tons)

Coke and

Breeze

(1000

short tons)

Other*

(trillion

Btu)

Midwest Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ...............

Tobacco Products ......................

Textile Mill Products ....................

Apparel and Other Textile Products .........

Lumber and Wood Products ..............

Furniture and Fixtures ...................

Paper and Allied Products ................

Paper MHs ..........................

Paperboard Mis . . ....................

Printing and Publishing ..................

Chemicals and Allied Products .............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ........

Plastics Materials and Resins ............

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers .................

Petroleum and Coal Products .............

Petroleum Retiring ...................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .........

Leather and Leather Products .............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...........

Cement, Hydraulic ....................

Primary Metal Industries .................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminum ....................

Fabricated Metal Products ................

Industrial Machinery and Equipment .........

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment ......

Transportation Equipment ................

Instruments and Related Products ..........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total ...............................

Food and Kindred Products ............

Tobacco Products ...................

Textile Mill Products .................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ......

Lumber and Wood Products ...........

Furniture and Fixtures ................

Paper and Allied Products .............

Paper Mills............. ..........

Paperboard Mills ...................

Printing and Publishing ...............

Chemicals and Allied Products ..........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, me .....

Plastics Materials and Resins .........

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ......

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ..............

Petroleum and Coal Products ..........

Petroleum Refining* ................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ......

Leather and Leather Products ..........

Stone, Clay and Glass Products .........

Cement, Hydraulic .................

Primary Metal Industries ..............

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .........

Primary Aluminum .................

Fabricated Metal Products .............

Industrial Machinery and Equipment ......

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment . . .

Transportation Equipment .............

Instruments and Related Products .......

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..........

Total ............................

412

NA

NA

9

35

20

327

185

76

50

546

58

134

139

47

«77-

-948

101

5

297

93

1,404

1,107

W

166

142

66

190

NA

11

 4,//O""

266

25

240

27

184

33

1,373

544

623

33

3.509

186

403

1.634

355

3,703

3,097

95

W

368

111

687

438

91

76

51

71

63

NA

W

*e#3»

19,223

NA

NA

925

2,000

1,677

13,063

6,369

2,201

6.312

28.578

10.839

2,934

2,445

570

6,718

6,138

11.789

Q

9,591

2,677

50,509

18,864

W

14,383

14,429

7,722

17.574

NA

928

208,639

17,325

855

27.238

3,986

9,128

3,103

21.565

10,901

5,006

5.846

69,676

11.711

8.536

10.728

1.626

14,138

13,637

12,064

W

13,096

3,730

46,380

11,152

22,728

7,903

7,622

9.830

8.314

NA

W

283,469

1,608

NA

NA

Q

Q

14

W

W

251

Q

W

W

148

85

0

W

6,244

W

Q

61

*

3,145

3,139

0

334

Q

134

686

NA

Q

16,710

1,998

217

1,956

Q

W

100

9.956

2.394

5,828

65

9,796

W

180

1,388

0

W

W

1,253

Q

W

9

2.284

2,284

0

15

22

77

554

NA

33

30.984

914

NA

NA

40

W

104

W

W

24

O

W

8

14

61

3

1,625

145

78

Q

1,151

276

831

602

6

219

414

41

895

NA

65

7,630

South

2,133

81

888

75

W

378

919

484

115

40

W

192

68

502

20

715

143

214

10

3,093

299

625

273

42

159

Q

184

225

NA

8

12,859

203

NA

NA

5

7

11

81

37

16

26

192

15

20

49

44

62

49

50

2

126

4

385

256

W

97

68

31

76

NA

6

1,438

Q

NA

NA

Q

W

3

9

2

1

4

1,336

»

W

378

*

W

141

W

1

9

*

27

7

22

17

7

10

NA

1,669

4,667

NA

NA

Q

Q

45

4,660

2,947

1.339

0

4,079

166

W

1,835

0

W

W

W

Q

5,118

3,108

19,470

18.777

W

358

741

204

1,329

NA

17

40,999

78

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

10

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

22

*

11.011

9,890

0

15

Q

0

216

NA

0

11,371

11

NA

NA

15

1

83

52

20

1

28

W

11

5

Q

827

W

1

Q

12

8

21

11

W

4

1

1

6

NA

*

1,012

Census Region

132

2

77

9

14

7

220

88

95

11

1.683

104

176

607

333

520

504

39

W

185

15

175

88

8

43

20

25

26

NA

W

3,201

21

3

22

3

11

9

17

4

2

3

8,854

3

W

6,307

W

122

96

7

Q

18

11

1

*

11

9

Q

6

NA

Q

9.147

794

767

1.734

113

Q

87

7,570

3,988

3.478

0

9,192

1.120

W

2,229

0

W

W

109

0

4.260

3.417

9,221

8,736

W

25

Q

138

65

NA

0

34.179

11

0

*

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

Q

0

0

0

0

0

Q

18

2,970

2,384

W

21

1

63

NA

0

3,463

28

1

11

Q

128

10

834

309

392

1

488

6

35

362

W

3.090

3,069

2

Q

10

5

11

1

3

1

1

4

1

NA

Q

4.622

See footnotes at end of table.

20 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 1. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988: Part 1 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC 

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry

Total 

(trillion Btu)

Net

Electricity" 

(million 

kWh)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Distillate

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Natural 

Gas

(billion 

cuft)

LPG

(million 

gallons)

Coal

(1000

short tons)

Coke and 

Breeze 

(1000

short tons)

Other*

(trillion

Btu)

West Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products .........

21 Tobacco Products ................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ...

24 Lumber and Wood Products ........

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........

2621 Paper Mills ....................

2631 Paperboard Mills ................

27 Printing and Publishing ............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .......

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ..

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ...

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .......

2911 Petroleum Refining* ..............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

324* Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

226

0

5

2

161

NA 

384 

131 

178

11 

126

37 

1 

6

41

17

1

146

70

229

66

97

34

40

30

43

23

2

7,540 

0

538

418

4,271

NA

12,086

W

2.963

I,852

II,037

4,429

123

717

7,560

7,802

2,349

82

5,368

2,083

34,252

2,580

25,611

3,543

4,707

6,193

6.594

4,230

306

113,265

W 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

NA 

W 

W

1.653

0

W

W

2

0

0

W

W

43

0

W

114

119

60

0

0

0

0

28

*

0

10,365

1,137 

0 

8 

0

1,215

NA

187

47

111

Q

126

54

2

1

1

1,188

766

Q

Q

736

236

431

13

19

57

26

27

170

6

Q

5,373

100 

0 

3 

1 

8

NA

79

30

37

4

70

9

1

4

37

96

90

8

1

58 

10 

61

17

5

18

22

8

17

8

1

562

W 

0 

Q 

Q 

W 

NA 

6 

1 

1 

5 

1

W 

W 

2 

O 

13

434

W 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

W 

W 

37 

0

175 

175 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

2,311

2,143

1,478

1,423

10

0

0

0

4

0

0

5.630

54 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

58

69

10

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

45

0

Q

130

NA

228

66

118

Q

4

W

953 

W 

O 

Q 

2 

1 

6 

1 

3 

Q 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Q

457 1,373

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

" "Net Electricity" is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred 

out It does not include electricity inputs from onsite cogeneration or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been included as generating 

fuel (for example, coal).

 "Other" includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to 

produce heat and power or as feedstock/raw material inputs. See also Footnote *d."

4 For the petroleum refining industry only, the feedstocks and raw material inputs for the production of nonenergy products (i.e., asphalt, waxes, lubricants, and 

solvents) and feedstock consumption at adjoining petrochemical plants are included in the 'other* column, regardless of type of energy. The remaining columns for the 

petroleum refining industry include only energy that was consumed for the production of heat and power. The "other" column also includes net steam and other energy 

that respondents indicated was used in the production of heat and power. Those inputs and feedstocks that were converted to other energy products (e.g., crude oil 

converted to residual and distillate fuel oils) are excluded. See Appendix A for more information.

 Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

O-Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included In higher level totals.

NA-Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: .Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. .The derived estimates presented in this table are for the primary consumption 

of energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or raw material inputs. Primary consumption is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originally produced 

offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as an energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of brine; the output 

of captive (onsite) mines or wells; woodchips, bark, and woodwaste from wood purchased as a raw material input; and waste materials such as wastepaper and 

packing materials. Primary consumption excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other energy inputs and, therefore, avoids double counting.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey,* and Office of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Supply Division, Form EIA-810, -Monthly Refinery Report" for 1988.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1986 21
Table 1. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988: Part 2

(Estimates in Trillion Btu)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code' and Industry Total

Net 

Electricity"

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other*

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ..........

Tobacco Products .................

Textile Mill Products ...............

Apparel and Other Textile Products 

Lumber and Wood Products .........

Furniture and Fixtures ..............

Paper and Allied Products ...........

Paper Mills .....................

PaperboardMOIs.................

Printing and Publishing .............

Chemicals and Allied Products ........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

Plastics Materials and Resins .......

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

Petroleum and Coal Products ........

Petroleum Refining* ..............

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products 

Leather and Leather Products ........

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

Cement, Hydraulic ...............

Primary Metal Industries ............

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ...

Primary Aluminum ...............

Fabricated Metal Products ...........

Industrial Machinery and Equipment 

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment. 

Transportation Equipment ...........

Instruments and Related Products 

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

Total ..........................

Food and Kindred Products ......

Tobacco Products .............

Textile Mil Products ...........

Apparel and Other Textile Products 

Lumber and Wood Products .....

Furniture and Fixtures ..........

Paper and Allied Products .......

Paperboard Mills.................

Printing and Publishing .............

Chemicals and Allied Products ........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

Plastics Materials and Resins .......

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

Petroleum and Coal Products ........

Petroleum Refinlnjf ..............

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

Leather and Leather Products ........

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

Cement, Hydraulic ...............

Primary Metal Industries ............

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

Primary Aluminum ...............

Fabricated Metal Products ...........

Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment 

Transportation Equipment ...........

Instruments and Related Products .....

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

Total ..........................

Total United States

994

25

275

54

407

63

2,366

1,081

896

116

4,360

288

567

1,823

444

S~"i-ly 8j4t2~

jfift ; JB,3tO"

253

16

966

311

2,875

2,067

258

346

280

224

350

113

41

)fig 20768+

171

3

101

23

56

19

189

:'-9B"

36

58

416

93

44

53

10

106

101

107

5

115

33

509

138

225

106

114

109

127

49

14

2,398^

50

1

19

2

3

1

178

98

54

1

120

6

10

22

0

99

95

15

3

14

Q

44

41

*

5

3

5

19

6

1

589 /

33

*

7

2

23

3

13

5

3

2

17

2

1

4

*

27

7

5

1

36

5

15

6

*

7

9

5

12

2

2

221,

489

2

93

22

35

23

431

179

160

49

2,049

135

207

687

427

723

685

111

5

468

30

751

444

20

204

129

85

139

32

20

5,860

10

3

1

3

1

5

2

2

896

225

583

W

56

52

3

*

4

*

6

1

4

3

3

2

Q

1

1,002 /

153

17

39

3

2

3

315

191

113

0

307

34

31

91

0

8

6

9

1

291

221

1,118

.; 1,080

W

9

18

9

37

22

2

2.363,

4

0

*

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

10

9

0

Q

Qifc

0

0

0 i!

0

10

3

387

338

W

1

Q

2

5

0

85

1

12

1

285

12

1,236

507 '1

530

4

545

8

49

384

n<. W

-6*93

3#64 ••^-r 4

1 .

27

15

45

18

9 ;

10

3

6

9

2

0 it',? 1

420/ 35862

Northeast Census Region

90

NA

26

15

26

8

282

221

20

21

179

8

28

45

*

-598

S8fr

39

W

154

37

554

456

W

71

48

57

55

52

W

4301

21

NA

6

5

4

2

30

W

2

10

43

1

4

8

*

9

7

17

W

20

4

62

27

W

17

23

28

16

14

W

333

W

NA

7

2

Q

*

84

71

5

4

W

3

8

12

0

W

W

W

3

6

Q

9

7

2

3

3

11

5

1

224

8

NA

1

2

Q

1

W

W

1

2

W

1

1

1

7

3

1

6

1

4

1

*

5

4

4

4

2

1

70

42

NA

9

7

5

3

40

20

8

7

47

3

5

8

26

23

12

W

87

*

112

72

W

42

16

19

17

8

W

508

W

NA

1

Q

*

Q

2

1

*

Q

9

*

W

1

0

2

2

W*

1

*

2

*

*

1

*

1

*

*

23

W

NA

1

0

0

0

W

W

4

0

4

*

W

0

0

W

4

W

Q

30

27

319

311

*

1

1

1

6

22

2

428

0

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

38

33

0

0

1

0

0

0

41

3

NA

2

*

12

Q

90

80

*

2

24

*

2

14

S23

W

1

Q

2

1

8

5

W

Q

*

1

Q

1

*

675

See footnotes at end of table.

22 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1983
Table 1. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988: Part 2 (Continued)

(Estimates in Trillion Btu)

SIC Industry Groups Net Residual Distillate

Code* and Industry Total Electricity" Fuel Oil Fuel Oil

Natural Coke and

Gas LPG Coal Breeze Other4

Midwest Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ............... 412 66 10 5 209 Q 105 2 11

21 Tobacco Products ...................... MA NA MA NA NA NA NA NA NA

22 Textile Mill Products .................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ......... 9 3 Q ' SO Q 0

24 Lumber and Wood Products .............. 35 7 Q W 7 W Q 0 15

25 Furniture and Fixtures ................... 20 6 * 1 11 1 01

26 Paper and Allied Products ................ 327 45 W W 83 1 105 0 83

2621 Paper Mills, nee ...................... 185 22 W W 38 * 66 0 52

2631 Paperboard Mils ...................... 76 8 2 17 * 30 0 20

27 Printing and Publishing .................. 50 22 Q Q 27 * 0 0 1

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............. 546 98 W W 197 116 92 '28

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ........ 58 37 W 15 4 W

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ............ 134 10 1 * 20 W W 0 11

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ......... 139 8 1 50 33 41 05

2673 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ................. 47 2 0 * 45 * 0 0 Q

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ............. 977 23 W 9 63 W W 0827

2911 Petroleum ReOnind1 ................... W8 21 39 1

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ......... 101 40 W

50 12 W 0 W

51 W W 01

31 Leather and Leather Products ............. 5 Q Q O 2 ' Q 0 Q

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ........... 297 33 * 7 130 1 114 1 12

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .................... '93 9 * 2 4 * 69 * 8

33 Primary Metal Industries ................. 1,404 172 20 5 396 2 515 273 21

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............ 1,107 64 20 4 264 1 498 245 11

3334 Primary Aluminum .................... W W 0

34 Fabricated Metal Products ................ 166 49 2

W ' W 0 W

100 2 8 4

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ......... 142 49 Q 2 70 1 17 Q 1

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment ...... 66 26 1 32 1 501

37 Transportation Equipment ................ 190 60 4 5 78 1 30 5 6

38 Instruments and Related Products .......... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............. 11 3 Q 6 0

Total ............................... 4.778- 712 105 44 1,480 145 998 282 1,012

South Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ............... 266 59 13 12 135 2 18 26

21 Tobacco Products ...................... 25 3 1 2 17 01

22 Textile Mill Products .................... 240 93 12 5 79 2 39 11

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ......... 27 14 Q * 10 * 3 0 Q

24 Lumber and Wood Products .............. 184 31 W W 15 1 Q 0 128

25 Furniture and Fixtures ................... 33 11 1 271 2 0 10

26 Paper and Allied Products ................ 1,373 74 63 5 227 1 170 0 834

2621 Paper Mills .......................... 544 37 15 3 91 89 0 309

2631 Paperboard Mills ...................... 623 17 37

27 Printing and Publishing .................. 33 20

98 * 78 0 392

11 * 0 01

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............. 3,509 238 62 W 1,732 770 207 W 488

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ........ 186 40 W 1

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ............ 403 29 1

107 * 26 W6

181 W W 0 35

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ......... 1,634 37 9 3 625 549 50 Q 362

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ................. 355 6 0 343 W 0 0 W

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ............. - 3.703 48 W 4 536 11 W 0 3,090

291 1 Petroleum Refining4 ................... -37657 47 W 1

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ......... 95 41 8

31 Leather and Leather Products ............. W W Q

519 8 W 0 3,069

40 1 2 02

W Q 0 0 Q

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ........... 368 45 W 18 191 2 95 Q 10

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .................... 111 13 * 2 15 * 78 * 5

33 Primary Metal Industries ................. 687 158 14 4 181 1 245 74 11

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............ 438 38 14 2 91 233 59 1

3334 Primary Aluminum .................... 91 78 0

34 Fabricated Metal Products ................ 78 27

8 W W 3

44 1 1 11

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ......... 51 26 * Q 21 1 Q * 1

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment ...... 71 34

37 Transportation Equipment ................ 63 28 3 1

25 Q 3 24

26 2 1

38 Instruments and Related Products .......... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............. W W * WO 0 0 Q

Total ............................... 1*339 967 195 75 3,294 796 805 86 4,622

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 23
Table 1. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988: Part 2 (Continued)

(Estimates in Trillion Btu)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code* and Industry Total

Net 

Electricity*

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other*

West Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ..............

Tobacco Products .....................

Textile Mill Products ...................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .............

Furniture and Fixtures ..................

Paper and Allied Products ...............

Paper Mats.........................

Paparboard Mills .....................

Printing and Publishing .................

Chemicals and Allied Products ............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee .......

Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ................

Petroleum and Coal Products ............

Petroleum fleffin/nflf ..................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

Cement, Hydraulic ...................

Primary Metal Industries ................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ...........

Primary Aluminum ...................

Fabricated Metal Products ...............

Industrial Machinery and Equipment ........

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .....

Transportation Equipment ...............

Instruments and Related Products .........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

Total ..............................

226

0

5

2

161

NA

384

131

178

11

126

37

1

6

41

-4^134

17«*

17

1

146

70

229

66

97

34

40

30

43

23

2

.£#4*

26

0

2

1

15

NA

41

W

10

6

38

15

*

*

2

26

27

8

*

18

7

117

9

87

12

16

21

22

14

1

386

W

0

0

0

Q

NA

W

W

10

0

W

W*

0

0

W

W

«

0

W

1

1

*

0

0

0

0

*

0

65

7

0

*

0

7

NA

1

*

1

Q

1

*

*

*

*

7

4

Q

Q

4

1

3

*

*

*

k

*

1

*

Q

31

103

0

3

1

8

NA

81

31

38

4

72

10

1

4

39

99

93

8

1

60

10

62

18

6

18

23

8

18

8

1

579

W

0

Q

O

W

NA

*

4

*

*

*

*

*

W

W*

Q

1

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

1

*

*

38

W

0

0

0

0

NA

W

W

1

0

4

4

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

52

48

39

38

0

0

0

*

0

0

133

1

0

0

0

0

NA

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

1

2

*

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

11

45

0

O

130

NA

228

66

118

Q

4

W

2

*

953

W

Q

Q

2

1

6

1

3

Q

1

1

1

1

Q

1,373

 See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

* "Net Electricity" Is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred 

out. It does not include electricity inputs from onslte cogeneration or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been Included as generating 

fuel (for example, coal).

 "Other" includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to 

produce heat and power or as feedstock/raw material inputs. Sea also Footnote "d."

' For the petroleum refining industry only, the feedstocks and raw material inputs for the production of nonenergy products (i.e., asphalt, waxes, lubricants, and 

solvents) and feedstock consumption at adjoining petrochemical plants are included in the "other* column, regardless of type of energy. The remaining columns for the 

petroleum refining industry include only energy that was consumed for the production of heat and power. The "other column also includes net steam and other energy 

that respondents indicated was used in the production of heat and power. Those inputs and feedstocks that were converted to other energy products (e.g., crude oil 

converted to residual and distillate fuel oils) are excluded. See Appendix A for more information.

* Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

CMrVithheM because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

NA-Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: 'Totals may not equal sum of components because of Independent founding. .The derived estimates presented in this table are for the primary consumption 

of energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or raw material Inputs. Primary consumption is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originally produced 

offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as an energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of brine; the output 

of captive (onsite) mines or wells; woodchips, bark, and woodwaste from wood purchased as a raw material input; and waste materials such as wastepaper and 

packing materials. Primary consumption excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other energy inputs and, therefore, avoids double counting.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," and Office of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Supply Division, Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" for 1988.

24 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 2. Total Primary Consumption of Combustible Energy for Nonfuel Purposes by 

Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

sic

Code*

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total 

(trillion Btu)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbis)

Distillate

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Natural

Gas

(billion

cu ft)

LPG

(million 

gallons)

Coal

(1000

short tons)

Coke and

Breeze

(1000

short tons)

Other'

(trillion

Btu)

Total United States

20 Food and Kindred Products ............... 4

21 Tobacco Products ...................... 1

22 Textile Mill Products ....................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ......... Q

24 Lumber and Wood Products .............. 4

25 Furniture and Fixtures ................ .. Q

26 Paper and Allied Products ................ 22

2621 Paper Mills .......................... 2

2631 Paperboard Mils. ..................... 18

27 Printing and Publishing .................. 1

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............. 1,678

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee. ........ 22

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ............ 294

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ......... 811

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ................. 258

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ............ .^f7fe=29S'

2911 Petroleum Retiring* ................ . .j^y/ 85868

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ......... 1

31 Leather and Leather Products ............. Q

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .......... 6

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ....................

33 Primary Metal Industries ................. 1,106

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ......... .. 1,064

3334 Primary Aluminum .................... 12

34 Fabricated Metal Products ................ 3

35 industrial Machinery and Equipment......... 4

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment...... 8

37 Transportation Equipment ................ 3

38 Instruments and Related Products .......... 1

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

 Total ............................... r' :''/ '-^432-

20 Food and Kindred Products ............. Q

21 Tobacco Products .................... NA

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....... 0

24 Lumber and Wood Products ............ Q

25 Furniture and Fixtures ................. 0

26 Paper and Allied Products .............. 1

2621 Paper Mills ........................

2631 Paperboard Mills .................... 0

27 Printing and Publishing ................ Q

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........... 10

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...... *

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......... W

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....... 1

2673 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............... 0

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........... --868

2911 Petroleum Refining ................. -367

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .......

31 Leather and Leather Products ........... Q

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .......... Q

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ..................

33 Primary Metal Industries ............... 316

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......... 311

3334 Primary Aluminum .................. W

34 Fabricated Metal Products ..............

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment .......

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.... 2

37 Transportation Equipment .............. *

38 Instruments and Related Products ........ Q

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........... Q

 Total .............................

See footnotes at end of table.

Q 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

3,434 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

0 

W 

0 

0 

0

788 

788 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

4,239

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

o

0

*

0 

Q

0 

Q 

W

9

0

427 

W

*

332 

0 

Q 

0

*

Q 

82 

32 

93 

56 

0 

Q 

Q 

1 

W

*

0

1,196

2

0

*

0 

Q 

0

3 

2 

Q 

1

526

W

W

81

247

1

0

*

0

4

*

10

6

0

2

3

1

1

554

Q 

3

*

0

1

0

0

10,251

2,570

6,693

W

Q

0

W

0

1

Q 

0 

0

Q

1 

1

Q

1

10,286

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

492 

W 

0 

0 

0 

44 

0 

13 

0 

Q 

0

39,470

38,971

W

1

1

42

1

0

0

40,070

Northeast Census Region

Q 

NA

0 

0 

0

Q

W 

0 

0

Q 

0 

0 

4 

0

Q 

0

Q 

Q 

0 

Q

0 

Q 

Q 

Q

»

0 

0 

Q

Q 

NA

*

0 

0 

0 

Q

*

0

0

0 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

0 

Q 

0 

Q 

0 

0

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

3

Q 

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0

Q 

0 

0 

0

W 

0

W

12 

0

Q 

0

Q 

0

0 

0 

Q 

Q 

0

*

0

1

W

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

44 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

11,574

11.570

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

11.619

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

356 

W 

0 

O 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

0

671

260

W

7

0

87

O

0

0

1,164

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

158

29

0

0

0

25

0

0

0

183

Q

1

*

Q 

4 

Q 

19 

W 

18 

Q

199 

2 

W

143 

W

3,258

16

2

8

1

*

4 

1 

1

O "3*931'

0 

NA

*

0 

Q 

0

0 

Q 

W

asr

w 

Q 

Q

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 25
Table 2. Total Primary Consumption of Combustible Energy for Nonfuel Purposes by 

Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups

Code* and Industry Total

(trillion Btu)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Distillate

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Natural

Qas

(billion

cud)

LPQ

(millon

gallons)

Coal

(1000

snort tons)

Coke and

Breeze

(1000

short tons)

Other"

(trillion

Btu)

Midwest Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

33/2

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ...........

Tobacco Products ..................

Textile Mill Products ................

Apparel and Other Textile Products

Lumber and Wood Products ..........

Furniture and Fixtures ...............

Paper and Allied Products ............

Paper Mills ......................

Paperboard Mills ..................

Printing and Publishing ..............

Chemicals and Allied Products .........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee

Plastics Materials and Resins ........

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee

Nitrogenous Fertilizers .............

Petroleum and Coal Products .........

Petroleum Refining* ...............

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products

Leather and Leather Products ........

Stone. Clay and Glass Products ........

Cement, Hydraulic ................

Primary Metal Industries .............

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

Primary Aluminum ................

Fabricated Metal Products ............

Industrial Machinery and Equipment

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment . .

Transportation Equipment ............

Instruments and Related Products ......

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .........

Total ...........................

2

NA

NA

Q

Q

Q

8

1

7

Q

155

W

W

46

17

ASf

483T

1

0

*

*

504

486

W

2

2

Q

2

NA

*

\yesi

0

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

0

W

0

0

0

788

788

0

0

0

0

0

NA

0

790

Q

NA

NA

0

Q

0

6

W

Q

0

Q

0

0

5

0

Q

0

Q

0

Q

W

15

7

0

6

Q

W

NA

0

468

1

NA

NA

0

Q

0

W*

Q

Q

34

*

Q

13

17

Q

0

*

0

*

*

9

6

0

1

1

Q

*

NA

49

Q

NA

NA

0

0

0

Q

0

Q

0

W

0

W

377

0

0

0

Q

0

*

Q

0

0

Q

*

*

W

NA

0

W

Q

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Q

0

0

0

0

0

0

13

0

Q

0

17.808

17.565

W

1

0

0

1

NA

0

17.928

W

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Q

0

282

115

0

0

0

0

Q

NA

0

306

Q

NA

NA

Q

0

Q

W

W

7

Q

1

W

*

0

Q

483

Q

0

6

1

W

Q

*

1

NA

W

South Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

33/2

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ...........

Tobacco Products ..................

Textile Mill Products ................

Apparel and Other Textile Products

Lumber and Wood Products ..........

Furniture and Fixtures ...............

Paper and Allied Products ............

Paper Mills ....... ...............

Paperboard Mills ..................

Printing and Publishing .............

Chemicals and Allied Products ........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee

Plastics Materials and Resins .......

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

Petroleum and Coal Products ........

Petroleum Refining? ..............

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products

Leather and Leather Products ........

Stone, Clay and Glass Products .......

Cement, Hydraulic ...............

Primary Metal Industries ............

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

Primary Aluminum ...............

Fabricated Metal Products ...........

Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .

Transportation Equipment ...........

Instruments and Related Products .....

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

Total ..........................

1

1

*

Q

Q

13

1

11

*

1,481

14

204

761

224

-&

ZJOOS

*

0

5

*

243

229

5

1

1

6

*

NA

Q

3J79

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3,434

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

NA

0

3,434

W

0

0

0

Q

0

0

0

0

W

W*

323

0

Q

0

*

0

W

W

58

48

0

0

Q

1

NA

0

481

1

0

*

0

0

0

W

1

0

Q

469

W

W

68

214

0

0

0

4

0

*

*

0

Q

1

*

Q

NA

Q

477

Q

3

0

Q

0

*

0

*

0

8,836

*

W

6.304

W

Q

0

0

*

Q

Q

0

0

0

Q

*

Q

NA

0

8.856

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

389

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W

W

0

1

40

0

NA

0

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

Q

0

0

0

0

0

Q

0

W

W

W

7

0

62

0

NA

0

409

*

1

Q

Q

W*

11

Q

193

W

W

141

W

Q

2.005

0

*

W*

2

*

Q

4

NA

Q

W

See footnotes at end ot table.

26 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 2. Total Primary Consumption of Combustible Energy for Nonfuel Purposes by 

Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

sic

Code*

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total 

(trillion Btu)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Distillate

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Natural 

Gas

(billion 

cuft)

LPQ 

(million 

gallons)

Coal

(1000

short tons)

Coke and 

Breeze 

(1000

short tons)

Other*

(trillion

Btu)

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28 

28/9 

2821 

2869 

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

West Census Region

Food and Kindred Products ............. 1 Q Q Q Q 5 W

Tobacco Products .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Textile Mill Products .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Apparel and Other Textile Products ....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lumber and Wood Products ............ 4 0 19 Q 1 0 0 4

Furniture and Fixtures ................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Paper and Allied Products .............. * 0 .3 * * 0 0

Paper Mills ........................ 0 0 0000 00

Paperboard Mills.................... ' 0 3 0 * 0 0

Printing and Publishing ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Chemicals and Allied Products........... 32 0 0 22 0 0 W W

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...... W 0 0 * 0 0 W

Plastics Materials and Resins .......... * 0 0 * 0 0 0 0

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....... 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............... 17 0 0 16 0 0 0 0

Petroleum and Coal Products ........... 409 Q Q Q 0 0 0 W

Petroleum Refining ................. '403 0 0 0 0 0 0 403

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....... Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q

Leather and Leather Products ........... Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q

Stone, Clay and Glass Products.......... * 0 13 * * 0 0 Q

Cement, Hydraulic .................. * 0 0 0 0 0 0

Primary Metal Industries ............... 42 0 2 0 Q W W W

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills.......... 38 0 0 0 0 W W

Primary Aluminum .................. 3 0 0 0 0 10 0 3

Fabricated Metal Products .............. Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q

Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....... Q 0 Q Q Q 0 0 Q

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .... Q 0 0 0 0 0 OQ

Transportation Equipment .............. Q 0 Q Q Q 0 0 Q

Instruments and Related Products ........ * 0 0 * 0 0 0 Q

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total ............................. 490 Q 84 25 2 W 267 W

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

11 "Other" includes all other energy that respondents indicated was used for nonfuel purposes, i.e., as petrochemical feedstocks or raw material inputs. See also 

Footnote "c."

* For the petroleum refining industry only, the feedstocks and raw material inputs for the production of nonenergy products (i.e., asphalt, waxes, lubricants, and 

solvents) and feedstock consumption at adjoining petrochemical plants are included in the 'other* column, regardless of type of energy. Those Inputs and feedstocks 

that were converted to energy products (e.g., crude oil converted to residual and distillate fuel oils) are excluded. See Appendix A for more Information.

* Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

O-Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

NA-Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: 'Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent founding. .The derived estimates presented In this table are for the primary consumption 

of energy as feedstocks or raw material inputs. Primary consumption is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originally produced offsite or was produced 

onslte from input materials not classified as an energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines 

or wells; woodchips, bark, and woodwaste from wood purchased as a raw material input; and waste materials such as wastepaper and packing materials. Primary 

consumption excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other energy inputs and therefore avoids double counting.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey,* and Office of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Supply Division, Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" for 1988.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 27
Table 3. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by Census 

Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

sic

Code*

Industry Groups 

and Industry

Total 

(trillion Btu)

Net Electricity1' 

(mlfllon kWh)

Residual Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Distillate Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Natural Gas 

(billion cu ft)

Total United Stales

20 Food and Kindred Products .................... 996

21 Tobacco Products ........................... 24

22 Textile Mill Products ......................... 275

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .............. 54

24 Lumber and Wood Products ................... 404

25 Furniture and Fixtures ........................ 63

26 Paper and Allied Products ..................... 2,347

2621 Paper Mills............................... 1,080

2631 Paperboard Mils ........................... 879

27 Printing and Publishing ....................... 115

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .................. 2,862

2819 industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ............. 273

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ................. 284

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .............. 1,096

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...................... 193

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .................. 3,122

2911 Petroleum Refining ......................... 3,052

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .............. 252

31 Leather and Leather Products .................. 16

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ................ 1,000

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ......................... 338

33 Primary Metal Industries ...................... 2,622

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ................. 1,855

3334 Primary Aluminum ......................... 246

34 Fabricated Metal Products ..................... 343

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment.............. 276

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment........... 215

37 Transportation Equipment ..................... 349

38 Instruments and Related Products ............... 113

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................. 41

 Total .................................... 15.489

20 Food and Kindred Products .................... 90

21 Tobacco Products ........................... NA

22 Textile Mill Products ......................... 26

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .............. 15

24 Lumber and Wood Products ................... 26

25 Furniture and Fixtures ........................ 8

26 Paper and Allied Products ..................... 281

2621 PaperMills ............................... 221

2631 Paperboard Mills........................... 20

27 Printing and Publishing ....................... 21

28 Chemicals and Allied Products.................. 170

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ............. 8

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ................. W

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .............. 44

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .................. 230

2911 Petroleum Refining ......................... 217

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .............. 39

31 Leather and Leather Products .................. W

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ................ 158

324* Cement, Hydraulic ......................... 42

33 Primary Metal Industries ...................... 355

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ................. 262

3334 Primary Aluminum ......................... W

34 Fabricated Metal Products ..................... 70

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment.............. 47

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment........... 56

37 Transportation Equipment ..................... 55

38 Instruments and Related Products ............... 52

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................. W

 Total .................................... 1,726

50,206

864

29,738

6,659

16,431

5,651

55517

28,736

10,684

17,052

121,854

27,391

12.842

15,428

2,930

31,124

29,692

31,299

1,391

33,793

9,802

149,202

40,570

65,818

30,952

33,480

31.852

37,283

14.344

4.183

702.876

W

217

3,024

311

458

185

28,274

15.571

8.515

117

16,596

1.026

W

3,916 

0

15.703

15,034

W

548

2,299

Q

6,239

5.754

2

737

556

725

2,970

917

195

90,413

W 

81

1,144

397

3.835

591

2,139

932

458

384

2.654

W

248

424

24

4,359

1,138

785

169

6,013

892

2,547

1,045

74

1,202

1,476

917

W

368

276

36,766

f''" "(ell! J .. ' 

Northeast Census Region

6,117

NA

1,658

1,330

1,031

533

8,804

W

513

3.042

12,564

411

1,250

2,364

W

2,708

2,115

5,097

W

5,737

1,312

18,061

7,975

W

5,123

6,721

8,108

4,802

4.226

W

97,502

W 

NA

I.087

250

Q

71

13,419

II,307

783

39

W

438

1.224

1,968

0

W

W

W

403

990

Q

1,475

1,059

2

388

514

515

1.702

842

159

35,685

1,334

NA

246

282

Q

109

W

W

217

297

W

99

164

170

*

1,115

83

464

116

1,105

113

734

212

7

774

693

666

713

307

202

11.906

473

2

90

21

34

22

415

173

155

47

1.465

W

W

587

168

702

666

107

5

451

29

720

425

19

197

123

82

134

31

19

5,141

41

NA

9

7

5

3

W

19

7

6

46

3

5

8

*

25

22

11 

W 

84

*

108 

70 

W 

41 

15 

18 

16 

8 

W

490

See footnotes at end of table.

28 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 3. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by Census 

Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

sic

Code*

Industry Groups 

and Industry

LPG

(million gallons)

Coal 

(1000 short tons)

Coke & Breeze 

(1000 short tons)

Other* 

(trillion Btu))

Total United States

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

'33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

 39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Manufactures .............

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

W

1 

31

9 

39 

14 

53 

23

5 

18 

44

3 

13

8

628

600

W

1

47

*

60

12

2

49

32

33

24

Q

6

1,226

W

NA

9

Q

4

Q

21

16

1

Q 

W*

W

4

0

28

28

W

25

4

*

12

4

11

3

1

2 

W

6,796

767

1,760

130

106

132

14.036

8,546

5.009

0

13,150 

W

1,366

4,064

0

292

287

375

61

13,007

9,876

2,650

1,573

0

417

806

324

1,646

975

82

57.512

C0,4i VW 

0

*

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

119 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

390

127

31,539

29,987

0

39

Q

9

W

'a 0

V 0

32,456

Northeast Census Region

W

NA

26

0

0

0

W

W

157

0

195

*

W 

0 

0 

W 

194 

W 

Q

1,320

1.209

376

38

0

35

56

23

249

975

65

5,155

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

55 

52

3,243

3,174

0

10

0

8

0

0

0

3,316

90

*

12

1

282

12

1.221

508

513

4

519

14

54

321

10

2.109

2,106

67

42

470

456

1

9

2

2

9

2

1

4,817

3

NA 

2

*

12 

Q 

W 

80

*

2 

W*

2

14

*

W

W

1

Q

8

6

78

75

1

Q 

1

W

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 29
Table 3. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by Census 

Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

sic

Code*

Industry Groups 

and Industry

Total 

(trillion Btu)

Net Electricity1' 

(million kWh)

Residual Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Distillate Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Natural Gas 

(billion cu ft)

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ...

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 PaperboardMilts.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Retiring ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total .........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ...

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper MHIs .....................

2631 Paperooard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ...

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .....

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ...........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ..........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ...

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .......

 Total .........................

Midwest Census Region

411

NA

NA

9

35

20

320

185

69

50

395

W

W

93

31

490

465

101

5

320

109

1,428

1,149

W

165

140

65

188

NA

10

4,174

270

24

240

27

184

33

1,362

543

612

33

2,199

176

209

955

137

1.678

1,652

95

W

373

116

615

380

86

75

50

64

63

NA

W

7,419

19.223

NA

NA

925

2,000

1,677

13,063

6,369

2,201

6,312

28,578

10,839

2,934

2,445

570

6,718

6.138

11.789

0

9,591

2,677

50,509

18,864

W

14,383

14.429

7.722

17,574

NA

928

208.639

1,608

NA

NA

Q

Q

14

W

W

251

Q

W

W

148

85

0

W

W

W

Q

61

*

2.361

2.352

0

334

Q

134

686

NA

Q

15.924

South Census Region

17.325

855

27.238

3,986

9.128

3.103

21,565

10,901

5,006

5,846

69,676

11,711

8,536

10,728

1.626

14,138

13,637

12,064

W

13,096

3.730

46.380

11,152

22,728

7,903

7,622

9.830

8.314

NA

W

283,469

1,998

217

1,956

Q

W

100

9.956

2.394

5.828

65

7,267 

W 

W

1.863

0

W

W

1,253 

Q 

W 

9

2,284

2,284

0

15

22

77

554

NA

33

28,454

W

NA

NA

40

W

104

W

W

19

Q

W

8

14

56

3

1,381

145

78

Q

W

W

816

595

6

212

411

41

W

NA

65

7,163

W

81

888

75

W

378

919

484

115

40

1,132

W

68

197

20

W

143

214

10

W

W

568

225

42

159

Q

183

224

NA

8

12,408

202

NA

NA

5

7

11

80

37

16

26

158 

W 

20 

36 

27 

61 

49 

49 

2

126 

4

376

250

W

96

67

31

76

NA

6

1,389

131

2

76

9

14

7

W

87

95

10

1,214

W

W

539

119

520

504

39

W

182

15

175

88

8

43

19

25

26

NA

W

2,724

See footnotes at end of table.

30 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 3. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by Census 

Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry

LPG 

(million gallons)

Coal 

(1000 short tons)

Coke & Breeze 

(1000 short tons)

Other* 

(trillion Btu))

20 Food and Kindred Products ...........

21 Tobacco Products ..................

22 Textile Mill Products ................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products ..........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...............

26 Paper and Allied Products ............

2621 Paper Mills ......................

2631 Paperfeoard Miffs ..................

27 Printing and Publishing ..............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .........

2879 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ....

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers .............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .........

2911 Petroleum Refining ................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .....

31 Leather and Leather Products .........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ................

33 Primary Metal Industries .............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ............

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment .....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment..

37 Transportation Equipment ............

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .........

 Total ...........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ...........

21 Tobacco Products ..................

22 Textile Mill Products ................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products ..........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...............

26 Paper and Allied Products ............

2621 Paper Mills ......................

2631 Paperboard Mills ..................

27 Printing and Publishing ..............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ....

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers .............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .........

2911 Petroleum Refining ................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .....

31 Leather and Leather Products .........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ................

33 Primary Metal Industries .............

33*2 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ............

35 Industrial Machinery and Other Equipment

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment..

37 Transportation Equipment ............

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .........

 Total ...........................

Midwest Census Region

Q

NA

NA

Q

W

3

9

2

1

4

W*

W

1

*

W 

W 

W

1

9

*

21

7

21 

17 

7 

W 

NA

*

W

W

I

21

3

II 

9

17 

4

2

3 

W 

3 

3 

3

*

108

96

6

Q

18

*

11

1

*

11 

9 

Q 

6

NA 

Q

291

4,667

NA

NA

Q

Q

45

4,660

2,947

1,339

0

3,976

166

W

1.835 

0 

W 

W 

W 

Q

5,116 

3,108 

1,662 

1,212 

0

357

741

204

1.328

NA

17

23,071

W

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

W*

21,397

20,443

0

15

Q

0

W

NA

0

21,733

South Census Region

794

767

1,734

113

Q

87

7.570

3,988

3,476

0

8.804 

W 

W

2.229 

0 

W 

W 

109 

0

4.260

3,417

W

W

0

25

Q

98

65

NA

0

W

11

0

*

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

16

6,032

5,559

0

14

1

Q*

NA

0

6,408

11 

NA 

NA

15 

1

W 

52 

13 

1 

W

W 

5 

Q

342

W

1

Q

W

W

279

274

1

3

1

1

5

NA

W

31

*

11

Q

128

10

W

309

381

1

W 

W 

W 

300 

9

1.066

1,064

2

Q

19

W

W

W*

1

1

ft

2

NA

1

W

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 31
Table 3. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by Census 

Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

sic

Code'

Industry Groups 

and Industry

Total 

(trillion Btu)

Net Electricity0 

(million kWh)

Residual Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Distillate Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Natural Gas 

(billion cu ft)

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ..........

Tobacco Products .................

Textile Mill Products ...............

Apparel and Other Textile Products 

Lumber and Wood Products .........

Furniture and Fixtures ..............

Paper and Allied Products ...........

Paper Mills .....................

Paperboard Mills.................

Printing and Publishing .............

Chemicals and Allied Products ........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee . . .

Plastics Materials and Resins .......

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........

Petroleum and Coal Products ........

Petroleum Refining ...............

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products 

Leather and Leather Products ........

Stone, Clay and Glass Products

Cement, Hydraulic ...............

Primary Metal Industries ............

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

Primary Aluminum ...............

Fabricated Metal Products ..........

Industrial Machinery and Equipment 

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment . Transportation Equipment ..........

Instruments and Related Products 

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

Total .........................

225 

0 

5 

2

158

NA

384

131

178

11

98

W

1

5

25

724

718

17

1

149

71

224

64

93

34

39

30

42

23

2

2,171

West Census Region

7,540 

0

538

418

4,271

NA

12,086 

W

2,963

1,852

11,037

4,429

123

717

7,560

7,802

2,349

82

5,368

2,083

34,252

2,580

25,611

3,543

4,707

6,193

6,594

4,230

306

113,265

W 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

NA 

W 

W

1,653

0

W

W

2

0

0

W

W

43

0

W

114

119

60

0

0

0

0

28

0

10,350

1,128 

0 

8 

0

1,197

NA

183

47

107

Q

126

54

2

1

1

W

766

Q

Q

723

236

429

13

19

57

26

27

W

6

Q

5,289

100 

0 

3 

1 

8

NA 

78 

30 

37 

4

48

9

1

4

21

95

90

8

1

58 

10 

61

17

5

18

21

8

17

8

1

538

See footnotes at end of table.

32 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 3. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by Census 

Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC 

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry

LPQ

(million gallons)

Coal 

(1000 short tons)

Goto & Breeze 

(1000 short tons)

Other* 

(trillion Btu))

West Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ...

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........

2621 Paper MSIs .....................

2631 Paperboard Mils.................

27 Printing and Publishing ............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ..,

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

324* Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total .........................

W 

0 

Q 

Q 

W 

NA 

5 

1 

1 

5 

1

W

W

2

Q

13

1

5

2

W

432

W 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

W 

W 

37 

0

175 

175 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

2,311

2,143

W

W

0

0

0

0

4

0

0

W

W 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

58

867

810

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1,000

45

0

*

Q

127

NA

W

67

110

Q

W

W

W 

W 

Q 

Q 

W 

2 

W 

W

Q 

1

Q 

1 

1

Q

W

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. See Appendix A.

" "Net Electricity" is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred out 

It does not include electricity inputs from onsite Degeneration or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been included as generating fuel (for 

example, coal).

' "Other* includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to produce 

heat and power.

' Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W-WithheW to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included In higher level totals.

Q-Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included In higher level totals.

NA-Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: .Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. .The estimates presented in this table are for the total consumption of energy for 

the production of heat and power, regardless of where the energy was produced. Specifically, the estimates include the quantities of energy that were originally produced 

offsite and purchased by or transferred to the establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy or input materials not classified as energy, or were 

extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form E1A-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 33
Table 4. Total Consumption of Offsite-Produced Energy for Heat, Power and 

Electricity Generation by Census Region, Industry Group, and 

Selected Industries, 1988

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups

Code* and Industry

Total

(trillion Btu)

Electricity"

(million

kWh)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Distillate

Fuel Ol

(1000 bbls)

Natural

Gas

(billion

cuft)

LPG

(million

gallons)

Coal

(1000

short tons)

Coke and

Breeze

(1000

short tons)

Other"

(trillion

Btu)

Total United States

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

33/2

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ..............

Tobacco Products .....................

Textile Mill Products ...................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .............

Furniture and Fixtures ..................

Paper and Allied Products ...............

PaperMUt............... ..........

Paperboard Mills .....................

Printing and Publishing .................

Chemicals and Allied Products ............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee .......

Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ................

Petroleum and Coal Products ............

Petroleum Refining ...................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ............

Stone. Clay and Glass Products ..........

Cement. Hydraulic ...................

Primary Metal Industries ................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ...........

Primary Aluminum ...................

Fabricated Metal Products ...............

Industrial Machinery and Equipment ........

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .....

Transportation Equipment ...............

Instruments and Related Products .........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

Total ..............................

946

26

276

54

199

54

1,409

686

501

115

2,568

260

258

924

186

1,070

997

251

16

959

310

1,773

1,007

246

343

278

215

350

112

40

11,052

51,690

1,454

29,684

6,664

19,953

5,687

61,015

31,184

13,486

17,066

129,927

27,676

13,259

19,452

2,958

34,172

32,243

31,305

1,390

34,017

9,861

150,834

42,328

65,973

31,051

33,894

31 ,878

37,965

14.339

4,183

728,168

W

217

3,024

311

458

185

28,274

15,571

8,515

117

15,691

1,026

W

3,442

0

6,143

5,475

W

548

2,299

Q

6,235

5,754

2

737

556

725

2,970

917

195

79,945

W

81

1,144

397

3,835

591

2.139

932

458

384

2,565

W

182

405

24

3,844

630

785

169

6,013

892

2,547

1,045

74

1,202

1,476

917

W

368

275

36.161

473

2

90

21

34

22

415

173

155

47

1,460

W

W

582

168

700

666

107

5

451

29

719

425

19

197

123

82

134

31

19

5,132

W

1

31

9

39

14

53

23

5

18

43

3

13

8

*

115

88

W

1

47

*

60

12

2

49

32

33

24

Q

6

713

6,796

767

1,760

130

106

132

14,036

8,546

5,009

0

12,915

W

1,366

4,064

0

292

287

375

61

12,961

9.829

2.650

1,573

0

417

806

324

1,646

975

82

57,229

W

0

*

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

48

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

390

127

14,919

13,366

0

39

Q

9

W

0

0

15,765

35

*

13

1

65

3

263

105

125

4

215

5

29

143

3

155

150

4

*

26

15

29

16

1

8

3

2

9

1

1

837

Northeast Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

324 1

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ..............

Tobacco Products .....................

Textile Mill Products ...................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .............

Furniture and Fixtures ..................

Paper and Allied Products ...............

Paper Mills ....... ..................

Paperboard Mills .....................

Printing and Publishing .................

Chemicals and Allied Products ............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee .......

Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ................

Petroleum and Coal Products ............

Petroleum Refining ...................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

Cement, Hydraulic ...................

Primary Metal Industries ................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ...........

Primary Aluminum ...................

Fabricated Metal Products ...............

Industrial Machinery and Equipment ........

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .....

Transportation Equipment ...............

Instruments and Related Products .........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

Total ..............................

90

NA

26

15

19

6

223

169

20

21

168

8

W

44

71

58

39

W

152

36

236

144

W

70

47

56

55

52

W

1,371

6,146

NA

1,629

1,330

1,254

535

8,999

W

531

3,049

12,745

411

1,281

2,448

17

3,161

2,568

5,101

W

5,892

1,312

18,444

8,342

W

5,125

6,782

8,128

4,882

4,222

W

99,264

W

NA

1,067

250

Q

71

13,419

11,307

783

39

W

438

1,224

1,968

0

1,558

1,426

W

403

990

Q

1,475

1,059

2

388

514

515

1,702

842

159

33,195

1,334

NA

246

282

Q

109

W

W

217

297

W

99

98

170

*

1,078

46

464

116

1,105

113

734

212

7

774

693

666

713

307

202

11,803

41

NA

9

7

5

3

W

19

7

6

46

3

5

8

*

25

22

11

W

84

*

107

69

W

41

15

18

16

8

W

489

W

NA

9

Q

4

Q

21

16

1

Q

W*

W

4

0

4

4

W*

7

*

25

4

*

12

4

11

3

1

2

W

W

NA

26

0

0

0

W

W

157

0

195

*

W

0

0

W

194

W

Q

1,274

1,162

376

38

0

35

56

23

249

975

65

5,106

0

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

55

52

1,382

1,313

0

10

0

8

0

0

0

1,455

3

NA

2

*

Q

Q

W

27

*

2

W*

2

13

14

W

Q

Q

2

1

4

2

*

Q

*

1

1

*

W

See footnotes at end of table.

34 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 4. Total Consumption of Offsite-Produced Energy for Heat, Power and 

Electricity Generation by Census Region, Industry Group, and 

Selected Industries, 1988 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups

Code* and Industry

Total

(trillion Btu)

Electricity"

(million

kWh)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Distillate

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Natural

Gas

(billion

cuft)

LPG

(million

gallons)

Coal

(1000

short tons)

Coke and

Breeze

(1000

short tons)

Other*

(trillion

Btu)

Midwest Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

26

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3372

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ...............

Tobacco Products ......................

Textile Mill Products ....................

Apparel and Other Textile Products .........

Lumber and Wood Products ..............

Furniture and Fixtures ...................

Paper and Allied Products ................

Paper Mills ..........................

Paperboard Mills ......................

Printing and Publishing ..................

Chemicals and Allied Products .............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ........

Plastics Materials and Resins ............

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers .................

Petroleum and Coal Products .............

Petroleum Refining ....................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .........

Leather and Leather Products .............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...........

Cement, Hydraulic ....................

Primary Metal Industries .................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminum ....................

Fabricated Metal Products ................

Industrial Machinery and Equipment .........

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment ......

Transportation Equipment ................

Instruments and Related Products ..........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total ...............................

411

NA

NA

9

25

19

268

148

64

50

386

W

W

91

30

130

105

100

5

297

93

906

626

W

165

142

65

190

NA

10

3,198

19,463

NA

NA

930

2,000

1,712

13,326

6,519

2,205

6,313

28,694

10,839

2,943

2,478

570

6,778

6,196

11,789

O

9,615

2,696

51,834

19,901

W

14,474

14,737

7,723

18,125

NA

928

211,658

1,608

NA

NA

Q

Q

14

W

W

251

Q

W

W

148

85

0

2,448

2.274

W

Q

61

ft

2.357

2.352

0

334

Q

134

686

NA

Q

11,949

W

NA

NA

40

W

104

W

W

19

Q

W

8

14

56

3

1,316

80

78

Q

W

W

816

595

6

212

411

41

W

NA

65

7,098

202

NA

NA

5

7

11

80

37

16

26

157

W

20

36

27

61

49

49

2

126

4

376

250

W

96

67

31

75

NA

6

1,386

Q

NA

NA

Q

W

3

9

2

1

4

W*

W*

*

27

21

W

1

9

*

21

7

*

21

17

7

W

NA

*

W

4,667

NA

NA

Q

O

45

4,660

2,947

1,339

0

3,976

166

W

1,835

0

W

W

W

Q

5,116

3,108

1,662

1,212

0

357

741

204

1,328

NA

17

23,071

W

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W*

10,729

9,775

0

15

Q

0

W

NA

0

11,065

10

NA

NA

4

«

24

14

7

1

21

*

W

4

Q

18

W

1

Q

W

W

17

12

1

3

2

1

6

NA

W

South Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

33)2

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ...............

Tobacco Products ......................

Textile Mill Products ....................

Apparel and Other Textile Products .........

Lumber and Wood Products ..............

Furniture and Fixtures ...................

Paper and Allied Products ................

Paper Mills ..........................

Paperboard Mills ......................

Printing and Publishing ..................

Chemicals and Allied Products .............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ........

Plastics Materials and Resins ............

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers .................

Petroleum and Coal Products .............

Petroleum Refining ....................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .........

Leather and Leather Products .............

Stone. Clay and Glass Products ...........

Cement, Hydraulic ....................

Primary Metal Industries .................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminum ....................

Fabricated Metal Products ................

Industrial Machinery and Equipment .........

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment ......

Transportation Equipment .............

Instruments and Related Products .........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

Total ..............................

253

26

241

27

78

25

694

285

320

33

1,920

165

185

785

131

692

668

95

W

364

111

443

210

86

75

50

64

63

NA

W

5,177

17,515

1,445

27,214

3,986

9,210

3,103

24,357

12,228

6,330

5,846

77.026

11,992

8,911

14,474

1,646

16,040

15,507

12,065

W

13,098

3.730

46.303

11,504

22,738

7,903

7,622

9,830

8,364

NA

W

296,328

1,998

217

1,956

Q

W

100

9,956

2,394

5,828

65

6,363

W

W

1,388

0

935

694

1,253

Q

W

9

2,284

2,284

0

15

22

77

554

NA

33

26.338

W

81

888

75

W

378

919

484

115

40

1,109

W

68

179

20

641

79

214

10

W

W

568

225

42

159

Q

183

224

NA

8

12,313

130

2

78

9

14

7

W

87

95

10

1.209

W

W

535

119

519

504

39

W

182

15

175

88

8

43

19

25

26

NA

W

2,717

W

1

21

3

11

9

17

4

2

3

W

3

3

3

*

26

14

6

Q

18

*

11

1

*

11

9

Q

6

NA

Q

208

794

767

1,734

113

Q

87

7,570

3,988

3,476

0

8,568

W

W

2,229

0

W

W

109

0

4.260

3,417

W

W

0

25

Q

98

65

NA

0

W

11

0

*

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Q

18

2,749

2.277

0

14

1

Q

*

NA

0

3,054

15

*

11

Q

22

2

W

46

85

1

172

4

W

125

3

90

89

2

Q

10

W

W

W*

1

1

*

1

NA

Q

W

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 35
Table 4. Total Consumption of Offsite-Produced Energy for Heat, Power and 

Electricity Generation by Census Region, Industry Group, and 

Selected Industries, 1988 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups

Code* and Industry

Total

(trillion Btu)

Electricity"

(million

kWh)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bWs)

Distillate

Fuel Oil

(1000 bWs)

Natural

Gas

(billion

cuft)

LPG

(million

gallons)

Coal

(1000

short tons)

Coke and

Breeze

(1000

short tons)

Other'

(trillion

Btu)

West Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ...............

Tobacco Products ......................

Textile Mill Products ....................

Apparel and Other Textile Products .........

Lumber and Wood Products ..............

Furniture and Fixtures ...................

Paper and Allied Products ................

Paper MBs ..........................

Paporboard Mis ......................

Printing and Publishing ..................

Chemicals and Allied Products .............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ........

Plastics Materials and Resins ............

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers .................

Petroleum and Coal Products .............

Petroleum Refining ....................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .........

Leather and Leather Products .............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...........

Cement, HydrauSc ....................

Primary Metal Industries .................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminum ....................

Fabricated Metal Products ................

Industrial Machinery and Equipment .........

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment ......

Transportation Equipment ................

Instruments and Related Products ..........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Tom ...............................

192

0

5

2

78

NA

224

84

97

11

95

W

1

4

24

177

166

16

1

146

70

187

28

93

34

39

30

42

23

2

1,306

8,566

0

538

418

7,489

NA

14,333

W

4,421

1,858

11,462

4,433

123

53

725

8,192

7,971

2,349

82

5.412

2,123

34,253

2,580

25,611

3,548

4,754

6,197

6,594

4,230

306

120,918

W

0

0

0

Q

NA

W

W

1,653

0

W

W

2

0

0

1,202

1,080

43

0

W

114

119

60

0

0

0

0

W

*

0

8,464

1,128

0

8

0

1,197

NA

183

47

107

Q

126

54

2

1

1

810

424

Q

Q

723

236

429

13

19

57

26

27

W

6

O

4,947

100

0

3

1

8

NA

78

30

37

4

48

9

1

4

21

95

90

8

1

58

10

61

17

5

18

21

8

17

8

1

538

W

0

Q

Q

W

NA

5

1

1

5

1

*

*

58

49

2

Q

13

*

3

1

5

2

«

W

*

*

145

W

0

0

0

0

NA

W

W

37

0

175

175

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2,311

2,143

W

W

0

0

0

0

4

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

NA

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

58

58

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

191

8

0

*

Q

35

NA

W

17

33

O

W

*

*

*

33

32

Q

Q

W

1

W

W

*

Q

1

Q

1

1

Q

W

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

k Electricity consists of quantities of electricity that were purchased or transferred in, and is equivalent to "purchased electricity as defined in the Annual Survey of 

Manufactures. * "Other* includes all other energy that was purchased or transferred In and not shown elsewhere.

* Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W-WithheW to avoid disclosing data for Individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Q-WithheW because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent Data are included in higher level totals.

NA-Not available. Data are included In higher level totals.

Notes: (Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. .The derived estimates presented in this table represent the consumption of 

energy originally produced offslte, acquired as a result of a purchase or transfer and consumed onsite for the production of heat and power. This definition Is consistent 

with the definition of "purchased" fuels and electric energy used by the Bureau of the Census in the preparation of "Fuels and Electric Energy Consumed," of the 

Annual Survey of Manufactures, for 1974 through 1981. See Appendix A.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey."

36 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 5. Shell Storage Capacity of Selected Petroleum Products by Industry Group 

and Selected Industries, 1988

(Thousand Liquid Barrels)

SIC 

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry Residual Fuel Oil Distillate Fuel Oil LPG

20 Food and Kindred Products .........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products ........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills................

27 Printing and Publishing ............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .......

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee .,

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ...

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

2,382

187

1,117

61

Q

111

4,344

2,087

1,493

91

5,035

467

449

1,093

84

209

NA

1,155

Q

815

215

4,392

4,178

W

422

343

310

718

286

42

22,206

1,971 

35 

411 

335 

686 

195

1,053 

352 

347 

172

2,118

234

256

652

31

Q

NA

556

172

3,737 

247

2,586

1,083 

148 

785 

900 

709 

768 

270 

129 

21,158

545 

5

348

39

185

135

181

39

17

153

83,268

50

8,522

72,287

10

37

NA

160

7

675 

9

926

104

65

560

449

385

376

55

45

88,531

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. 

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included In higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

NA=Not available. Data included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 37
f ^ f

Table 6. Selected Energy Operating Ratios by Census Region, Industry Group, and 

Selected Industries, 1988

SIC 

Code'

Industry Groups 

and Industry

Consumption per

Employee

(million Btu)

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value

Added 

(thousand Btu)

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value of

Shipments 

(thousand Btu)

Major Byproducts'

as a Percent of

Consumption

(percent)

Fuel Or as a 

Percent of

Natural Gas 

(percent)

20 Food and Kindred Products .......

21 Tobacco Products ..............

22 Textile Mill Products ............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .

24 Lumber and Wood Products ......

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........

26 Paper and Allied Products ........

2621 Paper Mills ..................

2631 Paperboard Mils ..............

27 Printing and Publishing ..........

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .....

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ....

2889 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers .........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .....

2911 Petroleum Refining ............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .

31 Leather and Leather Products .....

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ............

33 Primary Metal Industries .........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mils ....

3334 Primary Aluminum ............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment.

36 Electronic and Electric Equipment ..

37 Transportation Equipment ........

38 Instruments and Related Products ..

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..... 

 All Manufacturing .............

20 Food and Kindred Products .......

21 Tobacco Products ..............

22 Textile Mill Products ............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .

24 Lumber and Wood Products ......

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........

26 Paper and Allied Products ........

2621 Paper Atitts ..................

2631 Paperboard Mitts..............

27 Printing and Publishing ..........

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .....

28)9 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ....

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers .........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .....

2911 Petroleum Helming ............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .

31 Leather and Leather Products .....

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ............

33 Primary Metal Industries .........

33)2 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ....

3334 Primary Aluminum ............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment.

36 Electronic and Electric Equipment ..

37 Transportation Equipment ........

38 Instruments and Related Products ..

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..... 

 All Manufacturing .............

Total United States

694.4

579.8

451.0

42.3

550.9

131.1

3,497.5

8.438.4

15,726.2

73.3

3,601.0

3,729.6

5,065.6

11,056.6

35,881.4

28,414.2

41,320.5

328.6

108.1

2,036.5

18,424.1

3,781.9

9,721.1

13,077.9

251.1

145.0

143.6

192.7

103.9

110.4

868.1

460.2

NA

341.8

43.3

279.5

145.7

2,171.4

5,799.5

5,082.9

56.3

834.8

1,318.4

W

2,120.4

5,409.6

14,987.5

29.998.6

295.3

W

1,634.1

16,829.6

2,125.8

5,692.3

W

266.8 

117.2 

142.1 

199.5 

133.5 

W 

453.1

7.6

1.4

10.8

1.3

13.0

3.1

36.7

64.4

96.3

1.3

22.4

33.1

23.8

45.7

192.1

127.0

143.4

5.6

3.3

29.5

150.7

45.9

95.9

65.3

4.4

2.0

2.2

2.4

1.3

2.2

12.1

2.8

1.0

4.4

0.7

5.5

1.7

MS.

32.6

52.6

0.9

11.6

19.7

9.7

21.3

81.2

23.7

252

2.9

1.5

16.3

79.3

17.6

39.8

30.8

2.2

1.1

1.2 

1.0 

0.9 

1.2 

5.7

Northeast Census Region

4.4

NA

8.5

1.4

6.8

3.2

25.8

55.8

63.7

1.0

5.3

13.1

W

14.5

106.7

115.6

168.5

5.3

W

23.1

126.9

29.2

62.7

W

4.7

1.6

2.2

2.7

1.6

W

6.5

I.9

NA

3.9

0.6

3.4

2.0

12.0

25.9

30.9

0.7

3.2

6.0

W

7.3

27.2

18.1

20.5

2.7

W

13.8

64.5

II.1

26.2

W

2.7

1.0

1.3

1.4

1.1

W

3.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

35.5

30.8

40.5

0.0

9.2

2.5

5.9

19.9

2.1

48.3

49.4

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

16.5

23.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

19.6

0.0 

NA 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0

W 

19.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.2 

0.0

W 

0.4 

0.0

W

W 

1.2 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

19.5

W 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

12.9

W

78.5

27.6

19.5

72.3

20.3

44.5

582

35.1

6.2

7.9

W

W

4.5

0.1

172

14.8

W

92.5

10.7

26.8

7.3

9.7

2.2

5.7

9.6

11.8

W

24.7

14.4

14.8

W

NA

86.9

48.0

Q

36.0 

W 

W

812

30.1

W

109.7

173.5

163.6

0.3

W

W

W

W

14.6

1.4642

122

11.0

W

16.6

47.4

382

89.0

87.8

W

582

See footnotes at end of table.

38 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Conoumptlon Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 6. Selected Energy Operating Ratios by Census Region, Industry Group, and 

Selected Industries, 1988 (Continued)

SIC 

Code'

Industry Groups 

and Industry

Consumption per

Employee

(million Btu)

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value

Added 

(thousand Btu)

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value of

Shipments 

(thousand Btu)

Major Byproducts11

as a Percent of

Consumption

(percent)

Fuel Oil" as a 

Poroont of

Natural Gas 

(percent)

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mils.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 All Manufacturing ................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 All Manufacturing ................

Midwest Census Region

895.4

NA

NA

75.6

329.1

150.3

1,467.1

5,059.5

8,373.5

92.9

2,047.3

W

W

5,705.4

34,048.2

17,918.6

36,848.1

332.3

139.9

2,288.9

20,398.6

4,632.1

11,983.2

W

286.9 

175.2 

163.4 

287.2 

NA 

129.4 

793.6

530.4

582.3

468.9

38.0

636.5

130.6

5,806.3

12,672.8

18,006.0

73.2

6.315.0

3,963.8

7,091.0

15,578.0

44,301.5

34,693.3

43,977.1

389.5

W

1,912.3

17,714.3

3,808.8

9,148.0

14,272.2

230.3

1245

152.6

149.4

NA

W

1,252.6

8.8

NA

NA

1.0

9.9

2.7

17.0

49.8

61.0

1.6

13.2

W

W

35.2

2375

95.9

120.0

6.4

3.8

30.9

163.9

59.8

116.0

W

4.8

2.4

2.5 

3.0 

NA 

2.2 

10.5

2.9

NA

NA

0.5

4.3

1.5

7.4

22.0

365

1.0

7.2

W

W

16.5

99.8

20.0

225

3.0

1.8

17.4

90.9

23.1

46.0

W

2.4

1.4

1.3

1.0

NA

1.3

4.6

South Census Region

6.7

I.4

II.4

1.5

18.4

3.7

53.0

745

100.5

1.4

35.9

36.8

28.6

52.4

193.8

135.1

145.0

5.7

W

31.3

162.1

44.7

84.6

55.0

4.6

1.9

2.3

2.0

NA

W

185

2.5 

1.0 

4.5 

0.8 

6.3

I.8 

26.8 

43.1 

55.6

0.9 

17.1 

22.2

II.1

245

85.0

24.7

25.7

3.1

W

16.6

82.7

16.5

38.6

285

1.8

0.9

1.1

0.8

NA

W

8.1

0.1

NA

NA

0.0

0.0

0.0

W

16.1

6.0

0.0

W

0.0

W

05

3.1

53.4

56.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

18.1

22.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

NA

0.0

13.7

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

435

39.6

445

0.0

W

W

W

22.8

2.0

47.9

48.6

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

W

23.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

NA

0.0

23.3

W

NA

NA

10.7

W

6.3

W

W

10.1

0.8

W

W

5.0

2.3

0.1

W

W

W

38.7

W

W

5.1

7.1

W

3.4

3.6

3.4

W

NA

6.5

9.9

W

81.0

22.2

5.5

W

39.1

W

20.0

38.0

6.0

4.2

W

W

2.3

0.1

W

W

22.8

W

W

W

9.8

173

2.9

2.3

10.8

6.1

185

NA

W

9.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 39
Table 6. Selected Energy Operating by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected 

Industries, 1988 (Continued)

SIC 

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry

Consumption per

Employee

(million Btu)

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value

Added 

(thousand Btu)

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value of

Shipments 

(thousand Btu)

Major Byproducts11

as a Percent of

Consumption

(percent)

Fuel Oil" as a 

Percent of

Natural Gas 

(percent)

West Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 All Manufacturing ................

831.2

0.0

474.7

25.0

650.9

NA

4,327.5

12,548.1

18,230.6

54.1

1,979.1

W

827.2

5,105.8

19,044.2

38.486.2

43,660.3

193.0

89.9

2.506.3

17,953.2

3,958.1

8,682.6

12,919.8

164.0

129.3

104.6

93.0

74.6

39.5

761.0

9.4 

0.0

9.5

1.0

11.7

NA

45.2

74.5

111.4

0.9

21.2

W

3.5

35.9

150.5

143.1

151.8

3.4

1.9

31.5

133.7

30.6

82.5

67.9

2.7

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.0

1.0

10.5

3.7

0.0

3.2

0.5

5.5

NA

20.8

37.2

56.6

0.6

11.1

W

1.3

19.0

56.1

273

28.3

1.8

1.0

16.6

70.3

12.3

35.9

32.6

1.9

0.8

1.0

0.7

0.7

0.5

5.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

NA

W

35.4

45.6

0.0

W

W

0.0

0.0

1.2

W

W

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

W

W

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

23.5

W

0.0

1.7

0.0

98.3

NA

W

W

29.3

Q

W

W

3.4

0.1

0.0

W

W

5.7

0.3

W

21.1

5.2

2.6

1.9

1.8 

Q

1.9

W

0.5

O

17.3

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

" "Major Byproduct" fuels include coke oven and blast furnace gas (produced primarily in the blast furnace industry, SIC 3312); still gas (produced primarily in 

refineries, SIC 2911); and pulping liquor (produced primarily in pulp and paper mills, SIC 2611 and 2621).

' "Fuel Oil" includes distillate and residual.

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Q-Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent Data are included in higher level totals.

NA-Not available. Data are included in higher level totals. , Note: Operating ratios were calculated using the input energy estimates reported in Table 2\ -)

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy EhdlJse Division, Form ElA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures" and the "1987 Census of Manufactures."

40 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 7. Total Primary Consumption of Energy 

Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

for All Purposes by Economic

Economic

Characteristics* Total

(trillion Btu)

Net

Electricity"

(million

kWh)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Distillate

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Natural

Gas

(billion

cuft)

LPG

(million

gallons)

Coal

(1000

short tons)

Coke and

Breeze

(1000

short tons)

Other*

(trillion Btu)

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars) 

Under 20 ................ 1.576 124,742 7,723 16,705 663 261 4.584 857

20-49 ................... 1,698 107,914 12,258 6,692 716 224 9.058 521

50-99 ................... 1.637 89,298 11,673 4,434 680 171 12,891 741

100-249 ................. 2,727 125,474 16,560 2,932 1,061 1,360 15,894 752

250-499 ................. 3,124 130,485 22,598 3,189 712 2,837 14,788 942

500 and Over ............. 6,514 124,964 22.931 3,913 1,863 6,658 40,367 13.115

Total 

Not ascertained

.................... 

11 ........... j.f^'i 

20^34 

A25«~ 

702,876 

0 

93,744 

0 

37,865 

00000

5,695 11,512 97,582 16.929

173

239

192

573 

1.176 

2,071

-3258- -19 it 

7,00% ~

Employment Size 

Under 50 ..............

50-99 .................

100-249 ...............

250-499 ...............

500-999 ...............

1 ,000 and Over .........

Total ..................

680

821

2,506

3,100

4,030

6,140

Pft-S*!

52920

45,874

118,774

121,648

161,860

201,800

0

702,876

1 644

7,515

15,704

16,134

19,819

32,929

0

93,744

11.298

4 9Q4

7,071

5,189

4,210

5,803

0

37865

313

375

1,022

1,030

1,192

1,763

0

5,695

168

82

1,197

2,458

2.983

4,623

0

11,512

729

3366

12,853

12,032

16,377

52,226

0

97582

125

298

869

734

791

14.113

0

16.929

67

116

490

981

1 427

1,343

n ff*-n

* Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.

" "Net Electricity" Is obtained by summing purchases, transfers In, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred 

out. It does not include electricity inputs from onsite cogeneration or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been included as generating 

fuel (for example, coal).

c "Other" includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to 

produce heat and power or as feedstock/raw material inputs. See also Footnote "d."

' The entry in the "Not ascertained" row and the "Other column consists of the feedstocks and raw material inputs that were consumed by petroleum refineries for 

the production of nonenergy products (I.e., asphalt, waxes, lubricants, and solvents), as well as feedstock consumption at adjoining petrochemical plants. That entry 

includes all of those Inputs, regardless of type. Those inputs that were converted to other energy products by petroleum refineries (e.g., crude oil converted to residual 

and distillate fuel oils) are excluded. The quantities of energy consumed by petroleum refineries for the production of heat and power are included in the appropriate 

"Value of Shipments and Receipts" or "Employment Size" rows. See Appendix A for more information.

Notes: 'Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The derived estimates presented in this table are for the primary consumption 

of energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or raw material inputs. Primary consumption is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originally produced 

offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as an energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of brine; the output 

of captive (onsite) mines or wells; woodchips, bark, and woodwaste from wood purchased as a raw material input; and waste materials such as wastepaper and 

packing materials. Primary consumption excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other energy inputs and, therefore, avoids double counting.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," the Office of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Supply Division, Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" for 1988, and Bureau of the Census, Industry 

Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures" and the "1987 Census of Manufactures."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 41
Table 8. Total Primary Consumption of Combustible Energy for Nonfuel Purposes by 

Economic Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

Economic Characteristics' Total

(trillion Btu)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbte)

Distillate

Fuel OH

(1000 bbte)

Natural Gas

(billion

cuft)

LPQ

(mlllon

gallons)

Coal

(1000

short tons)

Coke and

Breeze

(1000

short tons)

Other"

(trillion

Btu)

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars)

Under 20 .................

20-49 ....................

50-00 ....................

100-249 ..................

250-499 ..................

500 and Over ..............

Not ascertained3 ............

Total .....................

61

130

252

430

510

1,491

Q

2,202

W

Q

W

W

0

4,239

562

66

103

58

327

79

0

1,196

19

64

76

175

81

141

0

554

23 

60 

56

1^73

2,691

6,182

0

10,286

486

789

4,467

W

W

28,116

0

40,070

103

143

303

W

94

W

0

1,164

14

20

42

11

139

48

Employment Size 

Under 50 ...............

50-99 ..................

100-249 ................

250-499 ................

500-999 ................

1 000 and Over

Not ascertained7 ..........

Total ...................

..... 50

..... 95

..... 318

..... 478

..... 609

1 324

Q

2.689

W

0

Q

W

0

4239

430

182

W

357

34

W

0

1.196

32

42

155

122

121

82

0

554

24

Q

916

2241

2762

4327

0

10,286

161

30

1,207

2,224

6,509

29,940

0

40,070

Q

Q

273

200

541

85

0

1.164

7

30

35

91

57

52

*B98-

*#31

 Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A.

b "Other* Includes all other energy that respondents indicated was used for nonfuel purposes. I.e., as petrochemical feedstocks or raw material inputs. See also 

Footnote *c."

' The entry in the "Not ascertained' row and the 'Other' column consists of the feedstocks and raw material Inputs that were consumed by petroleum refineries for 

the production of nonenergy products (i.e., asphalt, waxes, lubricants, and solvents) as wed as nonfuel consumption at adjoining petrochemical plants. That entry 

includes all of those inputs, regardless of type. Those inputs that were converted to other energy products by petroleum refineries (e.g., crude oil converted to residual 

and distillate fuel oils) are excluded. See Appendix A for more information.

W-WHhheW to avoid disclosing data for Individual establishments. Data are Included In higher level totals.

O-WlthheM because Relative Standard Error Is greater than 50 percent Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: (Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. «The derived estimates presented in this table are for the primary consumption 

of energy as feedstocks or raw material inputs. Primary consumption is defined as the consumption of energy that was originally produced offsite or was produced 

onsite from input materials not classified as an energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines 

or wells; woodchips, bark, and woodwaste from wood purchased as a raw material input; and waste materials such as wastepaper and packing materials. Primary 

consumption excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other energy Inputs and, therefore, avoids double counting.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-848, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey* and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures* and the "1987 Census of Manufactures.*

42 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 9. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by Economic 

Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

Economic

Characteristics* Total

(trillion Btu)

Net

Electricity1'

(million

kWh)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Distillate

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Natural

Gas

(billion

cuft)

LPG

(million

gallons)

Coal

(1000

short tons)

Coke and

Breeze

(1000

short tons)

Other-

(trillion

Btu)

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars) 

Under 20 ................ 1,535 124,742 6,568

20-49 ................... 1.598 107,914 10,057

50-99 ................... 1,422 89,298 11,928

100-249 ................. 2.375 125,474 16,548

250-499 ................. 2,685 130,485 22,916

500 and Over ............. 5.874 124.964 22,397

Total .................... 15.489 702,876 90,413

16,147

6,625

4,405

2,874

2,863

3.852

36,766

645

652

605

886

631

1.722

5.141

237

164

115

87

146

477

1,226

4,098

8,269

8,424

11,516

12,954

12,251

57,512

754

378

465

1.131

2,078

27,651

32,456

180

248

184

620

1,075

2.510

4,817

Employment Size 

Under 50 ..............

50-99 .................

100-249 ...............

250-499 ...............

500-999 ...............

1 ,000 and Over .........

Total ..................

637

743

2,230

2,665

3,537

5.676

15,489

52920

45,874

118,774

121,648

161,860

201,800

702.876

1,642

4,871

14,994

16,353

20,445

32,109

90,413

10.868

4,117

7,025

4,898

4.176

5.681

36,766

281

332

868

908

1,071

1,681

5,141

143

67

281

217

222

296

1,226

568

3,336

11,646

9,808

9,868

22,286

57,512

100

O

596

534

1.109

29.860

32.456

67

103

497

931

1,463

1 758

4,817

 Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A.

b 'Net Electricity* is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred 

out. It does not include electricity inputs from onsite cogeneration or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been Included as generating 

fuel (for example, coal).

0 "Other includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewaWes, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to 

produce heat and power.

Q-Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent Data are included In higher level totals.

Notes: .Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent founding. The estimates presented In this table are for the total consumption of energy 

for the production of heat and power, regardless of where the energy was produced. Specifically, the estimates include the quantities of energy that were originally 

produced offsite and purchased by or transferred to the establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy or from Input material not classified as 

energy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey* and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures* and the "1987 Census of Manufactures.*

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 43
Table 10. Total Consumption of Off site-Produced Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity 

Generation by Economic Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

Economic Characteristics*

Total

(trillion Btu)

Electricity'

(million

kWh)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 btXs)

Distillate

Fuel Oil

(1000 bMs)

Natural Gas

(billion

cuft)

LPG

(million

gallons)

Coal

(1000

short tons)

Coke and

Breeze

(1000

short tons)

Other*

(trillion

Btu)

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars)

Under 20 ...............

20-49 ..................

50-99 ..................

100-249 ................

250-499 ................

500 and Over ............

Total ...................

Employment Size

Under 50 ...............

50-99 ..................

100-249 ................

250-499 ................

500-999 ................

1,000 and Over ..........

Total ...................

...... 1,427

...... 1,417

...... 1,326

...... 1,921

...... 1,785

...... 3,175

...... 11,052

...... 595

...... 688

...... 1,851

...... 1,912

...... 2,262

...... 3,745

...... 11,052

125,210

112,267

90,820

131,225

134,208

134,438

728,168

53,105

46.336

126,161

124,309

165,974

212,283

728,168

6,471

9,984

11.379

15.993

20,219

15,899

79,945

1,551

4,665

12,615

14,232

17,791

29,090

79,945

16,131

6,620

4.299

2.852

2.592

3.666

36,161

10.857

3,924

6,853

4,804

4,065

5,659

36,161

644

650

604

885

630

1.719

5,132

280

332

866

906

1,070

1,677

5,132

233

138

114

77

54

98

713

113

66

166

135

125

108

713

4,098

7,966

8.424

11,516

12,954

12,251

57,229

568

3,336

11,599

9,572

9.868

22.286

57,229

754

378

438

299

848

13,048

15,765

100

257

596

534

250

14.028

15.765

72

64

89

173

220

219

837

28

48

122

197

220

222

837

* Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A.

b "Electricity* consists of quantities of electricity that were purchased or transferred in, and is equivalent to 'purchased electricity" in the Annual Survey of 

Manufactures.

' "Other" includes all other energy that was purchased or transferred in and not shown elsewhere.

Q Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: .Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent founding. .The derived estimates presented in this table represent the consumption of 

energy originally produced offsite, acquired as a result of a purchase or transfer and consumed onsite for the production of heat and power. This definition is consistent 

with the definition of 'purchased* fuels and electric energy used by the Bureau of the Census In the preparation of "Fuels and Electric Energy Consumed," of the 

Annual Survey of Manufactures, 1974 through 1981. See Appendix A.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey" and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1968 Annual Survey of Manufactures" and the "1987 Census of Manufactures."

44 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 11. Shell Storage Capacity of Petroleum Products by Selected Characteristics of the 

Establishment, 1988

(Thousand Liquid Barrels)

Selected Characteristics Residual Fuel Oil Distillate Fuel Oil LPG

Census Region 

Northeast .............................

Midwest ..............................

South ................................

West ................................

Total ...............................

Value of Shipments and Receipts' (million dollars) 

Under 20 .............................

20-49 ................................

50-99 ................................

100-249 ..............................

250-499 ..............................

500 and Over ..........................

Total ...............................

Employment Size* 

Under 50 .............................

50-99 ................................

100-249 ..............................

250-499 ..............................

500-999 ..............................

1.000 and Over ........................

Total ...............................

4,838

5,451

10,209

1.708

22,206

1.679

2,413

3.158

4,245

4.788

5,923

22.206

446

1,289

2,758

3.410

4.608

9.694

22.206

8,079

4,643

6.346

2,091

21,158

5,126

2,892

6,144

2,775

2.024

2.197

21,158

6.112

1.414

3.160

3,012

3,612

3,849

21,158

705

9,501

77.780

545

88.531

1.403

1,362

1.099

2,914

10.038

71.716

88.531

455

456

3.929

5.746

12,587

65.357

88.531

* Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size data were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A. 

W=WithheW to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent Data are Included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use. Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Suurvey". and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures* and the "1987 Census of Manufactures."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 45
12. Selected Energy Operating Ratios by Economic Characteristics of the 

Establishment, 1988

 »**V- ^- *

*&; * 

^ * i 

*£&*. Economic Characteristics' "W

Consumption per 

Employee 

(miWon Btu)

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value 

Added 

(thousand Btu)

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value of 

Shipments 

(thousand Btu)

Major Byproducts1' 

as a Percent of 

Consumption 

(percent)

Fuel Oil5 as a 

Percent of 

Natural Gas 

(percent)

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

Under 20 ..................

20-49 .....................

50-09 .....................

100-249 ...................

250-499 ...................

500 and Over ...............

All Manufacturing ............

Employment Size

Under 50 ..................

50-99 .....................

100-249 ...................

250-499 ...................

500-999 ...................

1 ,000 and Over .............

All Manufacturing ............

219.2

487.3

703.1

1,177.0

2.401.9

2,446.6

868.1

297.9

414.7

596.7

892.8

1404.4

1215.1

868.1

5.1

8.4

9.9

12.3

20.1

18.3

12.1

6.0

7.4

10.3

12.6

17.4

12.9

12.1

2.7

4.0

4.6

6.1

9.4

7.7

5.7

2.9

3.4

4.7

6.0

8.4

6.1

5.7

22

0.8

3.4

15.5

28.1

31.0

19.6

5.8

4.0

8.2

21.0

26.8

22.6

19.6

20.4

15.2

16.2

13.2

24.8

92

14.8

25.5

16.0

15.1

14.1

13.9

13.6

14.8

 Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A.

" "Major Byproduct" fuels Include coke oven and blast furnace gas (produced primarily in the blast furnace Industry, SIC 3312); still gas (produced primarily In 

refineries, SIC 2911); and pulping liquor (produced primarily in pulp and paper mills. SIC 2611 and 2621).

 Tuel or includes distillate and residual.

Note: Operating ratios were calculated using the input energy estimates reported in Table 2.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-848, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey * and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data flies for the '1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures* and the '1987 Census of Manufactures.*

46 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
f,.>

sr

' "V

Table 13. Total Inputs of Byproduct Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by 

Industry Group and Selected Industries, 1988

(Trillion Btu)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code* and Industry Total

Blast

Fumance/ 

Coke Oven 

Gases

Waste Gas Petroleum 

Coke

Pulping 

Liquor

Wood 

Chips, Bark

Other*

Total United States

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ..................

Tobacco Products .........................

Textile Mill Products .......................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ............

Lumber and Wood Products .................

Furniture and Fixtures ......................

Paper and Allied Products ...................

Paper Mills .............................

Paperboard Miffs .........................

Printing and Publishing .....................

Chemicals and Allied Products ................

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...........

Plastics Materials and Resins ...............

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ............

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ....................

Petroleum and Coal Products ................

Petroleum Refining .......................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ............

Leather and Leather Products ................

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..............

Cement, Hydraulic .......................

Primary Metal Industries ....................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ...............

Primary Aluminum .......................

Fabricated Metal Products ...................

Industrial Machinery and Equipment ............

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .........

Transportation Equipment ...................

Instruments and Related Products .............

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ................

Total ..................................

9

*

4

Q

264

11

1,187

485

508

*

346

7

27

231

4

2,049

2,045

2

Q

49

30

456

450

*

Q

*

*

1

1

*

4,382

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

433

431

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

433

*

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

263

6

17

218

4

1,508

1,507

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1,772

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

2

1

0

1

0

0

0

0

538

537

0

0

42

26

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

585

0

0

0

0

0

0

833

333

356

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

833

Q

0

3

0

264

11

348

150

151

0

Q

0

Q

W

0

0

0

1

Q

Q

2

0

*

Q

0

*

Q

Q

657

Q

*

3

1

*

*

66

1

W

W

*

3

1

*

Q

4

4

20

19

Q

*

1

1

Q

102

 See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. See Appendix A. 

b 'Other' includes waste oils/tars and waste materials.

* Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Q-Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. »The estimates presented in this table are for the total consumption of energy 

for the production of heat and power, regardless of where the energy was produced. Specifically, the estimates include the quantities of energy that were originally 

produced offsite and purchased by or transferred to the establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy or Input materials not classified as 

energy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 47
Table 14. Components of Total Electricity Demand by Census Region, Industry Group, and 

Selected Industries, 1988

(Million Kilowatthours)

SIC 

Code*

Industry Groups 

and Industry Purchases Transfers In' Total Onsite 

Generation*

Sales and/or

Transfers

Offsite

Net Demand for 

Electricity'

Total United States

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mil Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 PaperMSIs.....................

2631 PaperboardMiSs.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 NitrogenousFeraizors ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Rustics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone. Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Stool Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard MWs.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Rustics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, day and Glass Products ......

324) Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

33J2 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills.......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total .........................

51,411

1.454

29,529

6,664

19,591

5,687

60.066

30,543

13,486

17,086

117,446

W

W

17,891

2,958

34.145

W

31,153

1.390

W

9,861

138,916

38,899

W

30,665

33,860

31,762

W

14,177

4,183

700,965

W

NA

1.629

1,330

1,179

535

W

W

531

3,049

W

W

1,261

2,352

17

W

2,568

5,101

W

W

1,312 

W 

W 

W

5,125 

6,751

4,882

4.087

W

97,561

279 

0

155 

0 

Q 

0

949

641

0

0

12,480 

W 

W

1,561 

0 

Q 

W 

Q 

0 

W 

0

11,918

3,429

W

385

Q

116

W

Q

0

27,203

4,180

W

414

Q

2,438 

29

44,255

24,914

15,540

Q

38,130

2,094

3,264

20,088

W

11,717

11,205

192

6

676 

W

9,529 

6,939

*

W 

278

24 

667

W

Q 

114,834

1,108 

W 

18 

Q

1,267 

39

7,086

4,147

2,586

Q

7,374

W

391

3,463

W

2,797

2.382

Q

Q

150 

W

2.013

1,699

W

W

418

26

744

Q

0

23.741

Northeast Census Region

W

NA

0

0

Q

0

W

W

0

0

W

W

0

96

0

0

0

0

0

W

0

W

W

0

0

Q

Q

0

Q

0

1,703

147 

NA 

W 

Q 

W 

W

6,841

6,172

334

W

992

W

W

W

0

W

W

W

W

59

0

W

886

0

68

W

W

W

W

Q

12,233

29

NA 

W

0 

Q 

Q

1.582

1,496

25

W

172

0 

W 

W

0 

W 

W 

Q 

Q 

Q

0 

W 

W 

W 

Q 

W 

W 

W 

Q

0 

2,941

54,762 

W

30,079

6.672

21.124

5,678

98,184

51,951

26,441

17,124

160,683

W

16.132

36.078

3,476

43.091

41,066

31,486

1.395

34,543

10,370

158,350

47,568

W

31.108 

33.754 

31,877 

37,887 

W

4,190 

819,262

6,264

NA

1,673

1,339

W

W

14,258

10,740

840

3.043

13,565

W

1,386

2,775

17

3,669

3,075

W

464

5,865

1,312

19,472

W

W

5,191

6,729

8,113

W

W

W

108,556

See footnotes at end of table.

48 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 14. Components of Total Electricity Demand by Census Region, Industry Group, and 

Selected Industries, 1988 (Continued)

(Million Kilowatthours)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry Purchases Transfers In" Total Onslte 

Generation*

Sales and/or

Transfers

Offslte

Net Demand for 

Electricity'

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mils.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mils.......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

Midwest Census Region

19,294

NA

NA

930

2.000

I,712 

W 

W

2,205

6,313

17,801

W

2,943 

2,139 

570 

6.778 

6.196

II,664 

Q

9,615

2,696

44,045

W

W

14,190

14,733

7,646

W

NA

928

191,803

W

1,445

27,059

3,986

9,172

3,103

24.295

W

6,330

5,846

W

11,992 

W

13,348

1,648

16,020

15,507

12,039

W

13,085

3,730

W

W

W

7,903

7,622

9,830

8,364

NA

W

291,360

169

NA

NA

0

0

0

W

W

0

0

10,893 

W 

0

339 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

0 

0 

0

7,789

W

W

284

4

76

W

NA

0

19,856

1,486

NA

NA

Q

W

4

5,883

4,496

896

Q

1,948 

W 

W 

952 

W 

W 

W 

68 

4 

W 

W

4,894 

4,369

*

W

201

W

W

NA

*

16,082

South Census Region

W 

0

155 

0 

Q 

0 

Q 

W 

0 

0 

W*

W

1.126 

0

Q 

0

Q 

0

12 

0

W

W

W 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA

0

4,968

772 

W 

W 

0 

66 

W

26.337

12,139

11,965

Q

33,894

2.023

2.465

18.526

W

7.321

7.246

W

W

35

0

2,116

W

0

28

12

W

W

NA

*

71.897

215

NA

NA

Q

0

34

636

W

13

Q

111

0

W

28

0

W

W

0

0

W

W

1,288

1.009

W

W

309

Q

616

NA

0

3,389

182 

W 

W 

0 

Q

*

2,595

1.271

1.202

0

6,532

259

351

3.215

W

1.775 

1.743 

W 

0 

Q 

0

349

338

W*

0

W

W

NA

0

12,150

20,734 :

NA

NA

928

W

I,682 

18,573

WJC

3,088V

6,318,

30,531 I

WX 

3,599 > 

3,402

W v

7.765 

7.181 A

II.857 

W

9.860 

2.941 >, 

55.45T; 

23.26T* 

W> 

14.435 

14,629 

7.728 

W 

NA 

928 

224,352

18,105 

W

27,564 ! 

3,986 

9,191 

W

48,1 OOJ 

23,0fl7x 

17,092V 

5.846 

104.3871 

13,758* 

11.025X 

29.785 * 

1,982x 

21,586 

21,010K 

12,069 

290 

13.132 

3,730 < 

48.070 

W* 

W* 

7,931 

7.634 

9.835 

8,329 

NA 

W 

356,075

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 49
Table 14. Components of Total Electricity Demand by Census Region, Industry Group, and 

Selected Industries, 1988 (Continued)

(Million Kilowatthours)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry Purchases Transfers In* Total Owl te 

Generation'

Sales and/or

Transfers

Offste

Net Demand for 

Etectridty'

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

26-19 

2821 

2869 

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

30

West Census Region

Food and Kindred Products ..........

Tobacco Products .................

Textile Mil Products ...............

Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

Lumber and Wood Products .........

Furniture and Fixtures ..............

Paper and AHIed Products ...........

Paper Wit .....................

PaptrkoardMlt... ..............

Printing and Publishing .............

Chemicals and Allied Products ........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

Plastics Materials and Flestns .......

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

Petroleum and Coal Products ........

Petroleum Keening ...............

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

Leather and Leather Products ........

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

Cement, HydrauSc ...............

Primary Metal Industries ............

Blast Furnaces and Steel MHIs .......

Primary Aluminum ...............

Fabricated Metal Products ...........

Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment . 

Transportation Equipment ...........

Instruments and Related Products .....

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

Total ..........................

8,489 

0

538

418

7,240

NA

14.275 

W

4,421

1,858

W

W

123

53

725

W

W

2.349 

W

5,408

2,123

34.099

W

25,611

3,447

4,754

6,187

6,594

4.203

306

120,242

Q 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

NA 

59 

0 

0 

0 

W 

W 

0 

0 

0 

W 

W 

0 

0 

Q 

0 

Q 

W 

0

101

0

0

0

27

0

676

1,774

0

0

*

2,186

NA

5,193

2,107

2,345

W

1,286

W

0

W

W

2.424

1,990

W

0

W

W

W

W

0

W

W

W

114

W

0

14,622

682 

0 

0 

0

1,104

NA

2,274

W

1,345

Q

558

W

0

W

W

544

163

0

0

W

W

W

W

0

W

W

W

0

0

0

5,260

9,658 

0

538

416

8,570

NA

17.253 

W

5,421

1.916

12,199

4,474

123

116

W

10,071

9,799

W

W

5,686

2.387

35,369

2,805

25,611

3.552

4.762

6,202

6.707

W

306

130,279

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

* Transfers In' are the quantities purchased by a central purchasing agent or other establishment of the same company.

 "Onsite Generation' includes cogeneration, generation by renewable energy sources, and conventional generation by combustible fuels.

' "Net Demand' Is the sum of purchases, transfers In, and total onslte generation, minus sates and transfers offslte. It Is the total amount of electricity used. It is not 

comparable to net electricity which excludes electricity generated onsite by combustible energy sources. Relative Standard Errors for Net Demand could not be 

calculated due to sampling methodology.

* Estimate toss than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W-Withhetd to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

O-WithheW because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent Data are included in higher level totals. 

NA-Not available. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent roundlng.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846. '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey.'

50 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 15. Components of Total Electricity Demand by Economic Characteristics of the 

Establishment, 1988

(Million Kilowatthours)

Economic 

Characteristics' Purchases Transfers In*

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars)

Under 20 ................................ 124,647 563

20-49 ................................... 111.267 1.000

50-89 ................................... 90,208 612

100-249 ................................. 131.040 185

250-499 ................................. 116,478 17.731

500 and Over ............................. 127,326 7,113

Total .................................... 700,965 27.203

Employment Size 

Under 50 52 710 396

50-99 45523 813

100-249 ................................. 125.426 735

250-499 ................................. 123.356 953

500-999 ................................. 164,486 1.488

1,000 and Over ........................... 189,465 22,818

Total 700 965 27,203

Sates/Transfers 

Onsite Generation* Offsite Net Demand*

1 158 385 125984

4,207 1,983 114,491

6,990 2,097 96,712

25115 5892 150448

30 488 4 499 160 196

48 876 8 686 172 429

114.834 23.741 819,262

477 252 53330

1 034 365 47 005

9,798 4.797 131,162

16,365 3.298 137,376

27387 4,349 189.011

59774 10680 281,377

114,834 23.741 819.262

* Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.

b "Transfers In* are the quantities purchased by a central purchasing agent or other establishment of the same company.

" 'Onsite Generation" includes cogeneration, generation by renewable energy sources, and conventional generation by combustible fuels.

" 'Net Demand' is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and total onslte generation, minus sales and transfers offsite. It is the total amount of electricity used. It Is not 

comparable to net electricity which excludes electricity generated onslte by combustible energy sources. Relative standard errors for net demand could not be 

calculated due to sampling methodology.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures' and the "1987 Census of Manufactures.*

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 19M 51
Table 16. Quantity of Electricity Purchased from Utility and Nonutillty Suppliers by Industry 

Group and Selected Industries, 1988

(Million Kilowatthours)

SIC 

Code*

Industry Group* 

and Industry

Total 

Purchased

Utility 

Supplier*

Nonutillty 

Supplier*

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products .........

Tobacco Products .................

Textile Mill Products ...............

Apparel and Other Textile Products 

Lumber and Wood Products .........

Furniture and Fixtures ..............

Paper and Allied Products ...........

PaperMUs.....................

Paperboard Mils .................

Printing and Publishing .............

Chemicals and Allied Products ........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ..,

Plastics Materials and Resins .......

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

Petroleum and Coal Products ........

Petroleum Penning ...............

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products 

Leather and Leather Products .......

Stone, day and Glass Products ......

Cement, Hydraulic ...............

Primary Metal Industries ............

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mils.......

Primary Aluminum ...............

Fabricated Metal Products ...........

Industrial Machinery and Equipment 

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment. 

Transportation Equipment ...........

Instruments and Related Products 

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

Total .........................

51,411

1,454

20,529

6,664

19,591

5.687

60,066

30,543

13,486

17,066

117,446

W

W

17.891

2,958

34,145

W

31,153

1,390

W

9,861 

138,918

W

30,665

33,860

31.762

W

14.177

4,183

700,985

51,324

1,454

29,529

6.664

19,115

W

59,989 

W

13,476

17.010

116,752

W

13,117

17,885

W

W

31.674

31.153

1,387

W

W

138,561 

W 

W

30,592

33,860

31,762

W

14,177

4,183

698.286

87 

0 

0 

0

476 

W 

77 

W

11

Q

694

12 

W

7 

W 

W 

W

0 

Q 

W 

W 

365 

W

0 

Q

0

0 

100

0

0 

2.679

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Classification system.

* A 'Utility* is a company that produces and/or delivers electricity and/or natural gas. and Is legally obligated to provide service to the public within its franchise area.

* Includes Independent power producers, small power producers, and oogeneratDrs not located at the establishment site. 

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishment*. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q-Wlthheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent Data are Included In higher level totals. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components because of Independent roundlng.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use. Energy End Use Division. Form EIA-846. '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey.*

52 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 17. Quantity of Electricity Purchased from Utility and Nonutllfty Suppliers by Selected 

Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988

(Million Kilowatthours)

Selected Characteristics Total Purchased Utility Supplier* Nonutllty Supplier6

Census Region 

Northeast .............................

Midwest ..............................

South ................................

West ................................

Total ...............................

Value of Shipments and Receipts0 (million dollars) 

Under 20 .............................

20-49 ................................

50-99 ................................

100-249 ..............................

250-499 ..............................

500 and Over ..........................

Total ...............................

Employment Size0 

Under 50 .............................

50-99 ................................

100-249 ..............................

250-499 ..............................

500-999 ..............................

1,000 and Over ........................

Total ...............................

97.561

191,803

291.360

120.242

700.965

124.647

111.267

90.208

131.040

116,478

127.326

700,965

52,710

45.523

125.426

123.356

164.486

189,465

700.965

97,402

191.599

290.810

118.476

698.286

124,133

110,691 

89.724

130.674 

W 

W

698.286

52.526 

W

124.681 

122,919 

163.421 

W 

698.286

159

203

550

1.766

2.679

515

576

484

366

W

W

2,679

184

W

745

437

1.064

W

2,679

 A "Utility" is a company that produces and/or delivers electricity and/or natural gas, and is legally obligated to provide service to the public within its franchise area.

" Includes independent power producers, small power producers, and cogenerators not located at the establishment site.

e Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent founding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey,' and the Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the '1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures' and the '1987 Census of 

Manufactures."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1968 53
Table 18. Quantity of Steam Purchased from Utility and Nonutlllty Suppliers by Industry 

Group and Selected Industries, 1988

(Billion Btu)

sic

CodaIndustry Groups 

and Industry

Total 

Purchased

Steam

Utility 

Supplier6

Nonutility 

Supplier5

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mils .....................

2631 Papertoard MiSs .................

27 Printing and Publishing ............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mils .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

14.676 

W

7.799

253

7,864

Q

20,084

10,636

5.477

1,710

61,777

520

6.720

34,995

193

48.988

48.596

1,848

Q

205 

0

10,082 

W 

0

2,728

283

516

5,210

Q

155

184,581

11,853 

W

4,434 

Q 

Q 

Q

12,719

6,768

4,412

1.601

27,228

75

4,433

18,305

W

27,327

27,327

819

0

17

0

2,285 

W 

0

1,598

231

516

1.505

Q

Q

94,136

2.823 

0

3,365 

Q

6.400 

0

7,365

3,868

1,065

Q

34,550

445

2,287

16.689

W

21,661

21,268

1,029

Q

188

0

7.797 

W 

0 

Q 

Q 

0

3.705

0

Q

90.444

 See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

k A 'Utility' Is a company that produces and/or delivers electricity and/or natural gas, and is legally obligated to provide service to the public within its franchise area. 

W-Wilhheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q-WithheM because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent Data are included in higher level totals. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components because of Independent founding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey.'

54 Energy IT Don AdmMstration/Manuteolurlng Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1968
Table 19. Quantity of Steam Purchased from Utility and Nonutlllty Suppliers by Selected 

Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988

(Billion Btu)

Selected Characteristics

Total 

Purchased

Steam

Utility 

Supplier*

Nonutilty 

Supplier*

Census Region 

Northeast ................................................................. 29,648 19.844 9.806

Midwest .................................................................. 37.211 25.160 12.061

South .................................................................... 93.306 37.680 58.726

West .................................................................... 24.415 11.553 12,862

Total ................................................................... 184.581 94,136 90,444

Value of Shipments and Receipts0 

(million dollars) 

Under 20 ................................................................. 15,252 7.962 7,290

20-49 .................................................................... 14,753 7,748 7,005

50-99 .................................................................... 20,602 10,155 10.447

100-249 .................................................................. 29.570 12,096 17.475

250-499 .................................................................. 40.211 6.984 33.226

500 and Over .............................................................. 64,192 49,192 15.001

Total ................................................................... 184,581 94,136 90,444

Employment Size"

Under 50 ................................................................. 4,147 Q 1310

50-99 .................................................................... 10,738 4,064 6.674

100-249 .................................................................. 37.907 23.198 14.709

250-499 .................................................................. 35,053 9,053 26.001

500-999 .................................................................. 49,257 26,147 23.110

1.000 and Over ............................................................ 47,479 29,338 18.141

Total ................................................................... 184.581______94.136_____90.444

 A "Utility" Is a company that produces and/or delivers electricity and/or natural gas, and is legally obligated to provide service to the public within Its franchise

h Includes independent power producers, small power producers, and cogenerators not located at the establishment site.

O-Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included In higher level totals.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent roondlng.

Source: Energy Information Administration. Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division. Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey,' and the Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures* and the '1987 Census of 

Manufactures."

55
Table 20. Quantity of Electricity Sold to Utility and Nonutillty Purchasers by Industry Group 

and Selected Industries, 1988

(Million Kilowatthours)

sic

Code*

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total Sold Utility Purchase!* Nonutillty Purchaser*

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mils.....................

2631 PaperboardMils.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2810 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mils.......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

1,108 

W 

18 

Q

1,287 

39

7.088

4,147

2.586

Q

7,374

W

391

3,463

W

2,797

2,382

Q

Q

150

W

2,013

1.699

W

W

418

26

744

Q

0

23,741

769 

W 

W 

Q

1,183 

O

5,826

3,225

2,329

Q

6.236

37

369

2.751

W

1.521

1.107

O

Q

87

W

652

_J16

W

Q

Q

12

162

Q

0

17,076

339 

W 

W 

0 

Q 

34

1.260

922

257

0

1,138

W

22

712

0

1,277

1,275

Q

0

62

0

1,361

1,OW_

W

85

414

14

582

0

0

6,665

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

" A "Utility" is a company that produces and/or delivers electricity and/or natural gas, and is legally obligated to provide service to the public within its franchise area.

 Includes independent power producers, small power producers, and cogenerators not located at the establishment site. 

W-WithheW to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q-WithheW because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent Data are Included in higher level totals. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey.*

56 Energy Information Admlnlstration/Mwuitacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 21. Quantity of Electricity Sold to Utility and Nonutillty Purchasers by Selected 

Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988

(Million Kilowatthours)

Selected Characteristics Total Sold Utility Purchaser* Nonutllty Purchaser11

Census Region 

Northeast .............................

Midwest ..............................

South ................................

West ................................

Total ...............................

Value of Shipments and Receipts' (million dollars) 

Under 20 .............................

20-49 ................................

50-99 ................................

100-249 ..............................

250-499 ..............................

500 and Over ..........................

Total ...............................

Employment Size' 

Under 50 .............................

50-99 ................................

100-249 ..............................

250-499 ..............................

500-999 ..............................

1,000 and Over ........................

Total ...............................

2,941

3,389

12,150

5,260

23.741

385

1,983

2.097

5,892

4,499

8,886

23.741

252

365

4,797

3,298

4,349

10,680

23,741

2,558

636

8.969

4,913

17,076

Q

1.760 

1.792 

4.941 

3575 

5.058 

17.076

W 

W

4.442 

2,501 

2,954 

6,622 

17,076

383

2,753

3,182

347

6,665

Q 

222

305

951

1.223

3,828

6.665

W

W

354

797

1,395

4.057

6,665

" A "Utility" is a company that produces and/or delivers electricity and/or natural gas, and is legally obligated to provide service to the public within its franchise

" Includes independent power producers, small power producers, and cogenerators not located at the establishment site.

c Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," and the Bureau of the Census, Industry Divsion, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures" and the "1987 Census of 

Manufactures."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 57
Table 22. Components of Onsite Electricity Generation by Industry Group and Selected 

Industries, 1988

(Million Kilowatthours)

SIC 

Coda*

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total Cogeneradon RenewaWes Other*

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mils .....................

2631 Paperboard Mis .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

4.180

W

414

Q

2.438 

29

44,255] 

24,914 

15,540

9-, 

38.130 \

2.094" 

3.264 

20.088 

W

11,717

11,205

192

6

676 

W

9,529 

6.939

*

W 

278

24 

667

W

Q 

114.834

3.696

W

303

0

2,370 

28

40,284

22,357

14.392

W

34.718 

W

3.028

W

519

10.946

10,435

102

W

649

W

6.048

4,960

0

W

217

W

417

W

0

101.907

W 

0

71 

0

Q 

0

1.951 

1,794

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

Q

W 

0 

0

W 

0 

0 

0

W 

0

W

11

o

2,594

W 

0 

40 

Q 

33 

Q

2.020

763

W

W

3,412

W

237

W

W

771

770

84

3

27

0

W

1.979

*

82 

W 

W 

W 

W 

Q 

10.334

 See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. 

k "Other" Is that electricity obtained from a generator fueled by combustible energy sources such as diesel or fuel oil. 

' Estimate toss than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W-WithhekJ to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

O-WithheM because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent Data are Included in higher level totals. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent founding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption 

Survey."

58 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 23. Components of Onsite Electricity Generation by Selected Characteristics of the 

Establishment, 1988

(Million Kilowatthours)

Selected Characteristics Total Degeneration Renewabtes Other*

Census Region 

Northeast .................

Midwest ..................

South ....................

West ....................

Total ...................

Value of Shipments and Receipts6 

(million dollars) 

Under 20 .................

20-49 ....................

50-99 ....................

100-249 ..................

250-499 ..................

500 and Over ..............

Total ...................

Employment Size* 

Under 50 .................

50-99 ....................

100-249 ..................

250-499 ..................

500-999 ..................

1,000 and Over ............

Total ...................

12,233

16,082

71,897

14,622

114,834

1,158

4.207

6.990

25,115

30,488

46,876

114,834

477

1,034

9,798

16,365

27,387

59,774

114,834

9,233

13,104

66,441

13.129

101,907

594

3,617

5.777

22,500

27,748

41,670

101,907

268

800

8.840

14,729

23.585

53.684

101,907

1,477

441

W

W

2,594

W

106

674

576

1.066

W

2,594

41

20

179

776

433

1.146

2.594

1.523

2,538

W

W

10.334

W

484

538

2.038

1.674

W

10,334

168

214

778

861

3.369

4,944

10,334

* "Other* is that electricity obtained from a generator fueled by combustible energy sources such as diesel or fuel oil.

b Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use. Energy End Use Division, Form E1A-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," and the Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data flies for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures' and the "1987 Census of 

Manufactures."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 59
Table 24. Quantity of Electricity Generated Onsite by Establishments Interconnected with 

A Utility and/or Designated As A Qualifying Facility by Industry Group and 

Selected Industries, 1988

(Million Kilowatthours)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry

Total Generated 

Onsite

Interconnected With 

A Utility"

Designated As A 

Qualifying Facility*

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 PaperMllls .....................

2631 Paperboard Ml«s .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

26 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ...

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........

28 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement. Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

4,180

W

414

Q

2,438 

29

44,255

24,914

15,540

Q

38,130

2,094

3,264

20,088

W

11,717

11,205

192

6

676 

W

9,529 

6.939

W 

278

24 

667

W

Q 

114,834

2.303

W

228

2,327 

19

28.534

17.791

7.999

W

32,120

862

2.131

18.840

W

8,421

7,915

108

W

618

563

5,875

4,225

0

W

97

W

518

W

Q

83,205

1.698 

W 

W 

0

1,398 

W

18,669

10,172

7,637

W

26,539 

W

1,191

17,935

W

5,940 

5,433 

47 

W 

W 

W

2.348

2.153

0

W

W

W

240

W

0

59,146

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

" An establishment is interconnected with a utility if it has the capability to deliver electricity to the grid as well as receive electricity from it.

0 A 'Qualifying Facility" (OF) must meet requirements of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) of 1978. See Glossary.

* Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W-Withhetd to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q-Withheid because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use. Energy End Use Division. Form EIA-846. "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey.*

60 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 25. Quantity of Electricity Generated Onsite by Establishments Interconnected with 

A Utility and/or Designated As A Qualifying Facility by Selected Characteristics 

of the Establishment, 1988

(Million Kilowatthours)

Selected Characteristics Total Generated Onsite

Interconnected 

With A Utility*

Designated As A 

Qualifying Facility"

Census Region 

Northeast .................

Midwest ..................

South ....................

West ....................

Total ...................

Value of Shipments and Receipts" 

(million dollars) 

Under 20 .................

20-49 ....................

50-99 ....................

100-249 ..................

250-499 ..................

500 and Over ..............

Total ...................

Employment Size0 

Under 50 .................

50-99 ....................

100-249 ..................

250-499 ..................

500-999 ..................

1,000 and Over ............

Total ...................

12,233

16,082

71,897

14,622

114,834

1,158

4,207

6,990

25,115

30.488

46,876

114.834

477

1.034

9,798

16,365

27,387

59,774

114,834

8.913

8.020

54.306

11,966

83,205

363

2,907

5,173

17,934

19,040

37,789

83,205

255

441

7,478

10,862

18,028

46,141

83,205

5,868

3,352

41,264

8.662

59,146

291

2,256

2.839

10.705

11.964

31,092

59.146

W 

W

5.047

7.077

10.724

35,682

59,146

* An establishment is interconnected with a utility if it has the capability to deliver electricity to the grid as well as receive electricity from it.

" A Qualifying Facility" (OF) must meet requirements of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) of 1978. See Glossary.

e Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent founding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," and the Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures" and the "1987 Census of 

Manufactures."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 61
Table 26. Total Quantity of Selected Energy Sources Purchased by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups

Code* and Industry

Total

(trillion Btu)

Electricity

(million

kWh)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbis)

Distillate

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Natural

Gas

(billion

cuft)

LPG

(million

gallons)

Coal

(1000

short tons)

Coke and

Breeze

(1000

short tons)

Other"

(trillion

Btu)

Total United States

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

33/2

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ..............

Tobacco Products .....................

Textile Mill Products ...................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .............

Furniture and Fixtures ..................

Paper and Allied Products ...............

Paper Mills .........................

Paperboard MHs .....................

Printing and Publishing .................

Chemicals and Allied Products ............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee .......

Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ................

Petroleum and Coal Products ............

Petroleum Refining ...................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

Cement, Hydraulic ...................

Primary Metal Industries ................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mfls ...........

Primary Aluminum ...................

Fabricated Metal Products ...............

Industrial Machinery and Equipment ........

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .....

Transportation Equipment ...............

Instruments and Related Products .........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

Total ..............................

929

27

267

53

206

54

1,384

666

500

114

3,950

248

416

1,677

445

945

797

250

15

995

325

2,511

1,718

255

338

280

226

325

109

41

13,017

51,411

1,454

29,529

6,664

19.591

5.687

60,066

30,543

13,486

17,066

117,446

W

W

17,891

2.958

34.145

W

31,153

1,390

W

9,861

138,916

38,899

W

30,665

33,860

31 .762

W

14.177

4,183

700,965

W

221

3,025

311

W

180

28,141

15,506

8,446

116

19,123

1,009

W

3,469

0

523

0

W

519

W

Q

6,468

5.983

W

691

554

726

2,959

943

196

77,862

W

81

1,148

397

4.017

600

2,195

940

473

386

2,741

W

186

492

24

3,499

784

171

6,274

929

2.626

1.062

77

1,214

1,482

919

W

W

271

36,938

475

2

91

21

34

22

418

174

155

48

1,965

W

W

651

415

691

656

107

5

454

29

710

417

W

195

124

81

115

31

19

5,607

W

3

32

9

40

14

53

23

5

18

10,212

3

1,270

8,188

W

40

*

W

1

46

66

12

2

51

32

33

24

Q

7

10,827

8,727

762

1,791

136

W

120

13,715

8.284

4,971

0

13,079

W

1,338

4.049

0

336

W

387

61

12,637

9,587

35,810

34,213

80

423

818

316

1,534

W

84

89,672

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

404

W

0

Q

0

0

0

0

0

418

132

9.799

7.842

W

46

Q

96

W

0

0

11,145

17

1

4

Q

72

3

244

91

125

2

188

5

13

118

W

28

W

2

*

26

15

28

6

8

6

3

4

4

1

1

635

Northeast Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ..............

Tobacco Products .....................

Textile Mill Products ...................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .............

Furniture and Fixtures ..................

Paper and Allied Products ...............

Paper Mills .........................

Paperboard MUs .....................

Printing and Publishing .................

Chemicals and Allied Products ............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee .......

Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ................

Petroleum and Coal Products ............

Petroleum Refining ...................

Rubber and Msc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

Cement, Hydraulic ...................

Primary Metal Industries ................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mils ...........

Primary Aluminum ...................

Fabricated Metal Products ...............

Industrial Machinery and Equipment ........

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment

Transportation Equipment ...............

Instruments and Related Products .........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

Total ..............................

89

NA

25

15

19

6

213

160

19

20

161

8

W

W

*

49

34

39

W

156

39

542

441

W

69

46

57

54

48

W

1,632

W

NA

1,629

1,330

1,179

535

W

W

531

3,049

W

W

1,281

2,352

W

W

2,568

5.101

W

W

1,312

W

W

W

5,125

6,751

8,089

4,882

4,087

W

97,561

W

NA

1,078

250

Q

68

13,371

11,252

782

W

W

437

1,219

W

0

Q

0

W

403

973

Q

1,469

W

W

392

509

516

1,708

841

160

31.693

1,411

NA

W

282

Q

109

W

W

W

298

W

W

99

172

0

1,036

0

464

116

1.126

113

W

W

W

787

700

668

W

W

198

11.986

41

NA

9

7

W

3

W

19

7

6

46

3

5

W

*

W

20

12

W

84

*

103

64

W

41

14

19

16

8

W

483

W

NA

9

Q

W

Q

21

16

1

Q

W*

W

W

0

Q

0

W

7

*

25

W

*

12

W

11

4

1

2

W

W

NA

W

0

0

0

W

W

W

0

189

*

W

0

0

W

194

W

Q

1,316

1,194

11,989

11,618

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

16,627

0

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

58

W

W

W

0

W

0

W

0

0

0

W

1

NA

Q

Q

Q

W

20

W

W*

*

*

*

Q

0

1

*

W

1

5

W

W

Q

W

See footnotes at end of table.

62 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 26. Total Quantity of Selected Energy Sources Purchased by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups

Code* and Industry

Total

(trillion Btu)

Electricity

(million

kWh)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Distillate

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Natural

Gas

(billion

cuft)

LPG

(million

gallons)

Coal

(1000

short tons)

Coke and

Breeze

(1000

short tons)

Other"

(trillion

Btu)

Midwest Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

33)2

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ...............

Tobacco Products ......................

Textile Mill Products ....................

Apparel and Other Textile Products .........

Lumber and Wood Products ..............

Furniture and Fixtures ...................

Paper and Allied Products ................

Paper Mills ..........................

Paperboard Mills ......................

Printing and Publishing ..................

Chemicals and Allied Products .............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ........

Plastics Materials and Resins ............

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers .................

Petroleum and Coal Products .............

Petroleum Refining ....................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .........

Leather and Leather Products .............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...........

Cement, Hydraulic ....................

Primary Metal Industries .................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminum ....................

Fabricated Metal Products ................

Industrial Machinery and Equipment .........

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment ......

Transportation Equipment ................

Instruments and Related Products ..........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total ...............................

403

NA

NA

9

27

19

263

141

68

50

441

w

w

135

W

99

W

100

5

315

102

1,087

814

W

161

143

64

167

NA

10

3,384

19,294

NA

NA

930

2,000

1,712

W

W

2,205

6,313

17,801

W

2,943

2,139

570

6,778

6,196

11,664

O

9,615

2,696

44,045

W

W

14.190

14,733

7,646

W

NA

928

191.803

1,612

NA

NA

Q

Q

W

W

W

250

Q

W

W

152

W

0

Q

0

W

Q

68

*

2,966

2,960

0

W

Q

134

670

NA

Q

10,261

W

NA

NA

40

W

105

W

W

25

Q

W

11

W

W

3

1,479

0

W

Q

W

W

784

W

6

211

409

42

W

NA

W

7.531

203

NA

NA

5

7

11

81

37

16

26

191

W

20

54

W

62

W

49

2

125

4

371

247

W

95

68

30

59

NA

6

1,401

Q

NA

NA

Q

W

3

9

2

1

4

W*

W

w

Q

0

W

1

9

*

27

W*

22

17

7

W

NA

*

W

4.636

NA

NA

Q

Q

W

4,478

2,775

1.350

0

3,833

148

W

1,834

0

W

W

W

Q

4,846

2,927

14,870

14.187

W

363

748

197

1,229

NA

W

35,557

W

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W*

5,103

3,982

0

W

Q

0

W

NA

0

5,464

2

NA

NA

Q

6

23

11

12

1

14

W

W

W

Q

Q

0

1

W

W

8

2

W

2

1

2

NA

W

South Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ...............

Tobacco Products ......................

Textile Mill Products ....................

Apparel and Other Textile Products .........

Lumber and Wood Products ..............

Furniture and Fixtures ...................

Paper and Allied Products ................

PaperMHIs ..........................

Paperboard Mills ......................

Printing and Publishing ..................

Chemicals and Allied Products .............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ........

Plastics Materials and Resins ............

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers .................

Petroleum and Coal Products .............

Petroleum Refining ....................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .........

Leather and Leather Products .............

Stone. Clay and Glass Products ...........

Cement, Hydraulic ....................

Primary Metal Industries .................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mils ............

Primary Aluminum ....................

Fabricated Metal Products ................

Industrial Machinery and Equipment .........

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment ......

Transportation Equipment ................

Instruments and Related Products ..........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total ...............................

251

27

234

27

75

26

690

282

318

33

3,221

178

302

1,505

356

647

565

94

W

374

113

641

397

88

76

51

76

60

NA

W

6,636

W

1,445

27,059

3,986

9,172

3,103

24,295

W

6,330

5,846

W

11.992

W

13.348

1,646

16,020

15,507

12,039

W

13,085

3,730

W

W

W

7,903

7,622

9,830

8,364

NA

W

291,360

2,011

221

1,947

Q

W

W

9,865

W

5,740

W

W

W

W

1,414

0

W

0

1,254

Q

W

W

W

W

0

W

23

76

W

NA

W

28,443

W

81

W

74

W

386

932

488

120

W

1,219

W

71

259

21

W*

215

W

W

W

666

285

W

158

Q

182

224

NA

W

12.653

132

2

76

9

14

7

W

88

95

11

1,658

W

W

586

333

W

492

39

W

186

15

175

88

8

43

20

25

23

NA

W

3.159

W

3

22

3

11

9

17

4

2

W

W

2

717

7,863

W

Q

*

7

Q

18

*

11

1

*

11

9

Q

6

NA

Q

W

787

762

W

118

Q

W

7,453

3,921

3,426

0

8,881

W

W

2,215

0

W

W

109

0

4,180

3,338

W

W

W

W

Q

W

W

NA

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

w

w

0

Q

0

0

0

0

0

Q

W

W

W

W

W

w

w

NA

0

3,801

11

1

4

Q

18

3

W

44

84

W

186

4

W

112

W

20

W

Q

Q

10

W

W

W

W

1

1

3

1

NA

Q

W

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 63
Table 26. Total Quantity of Selected Energy Sources Purchased by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups

Code* and Industry

Total

(trillion Btu)

Electricity

(million

kWh)

Residual

Fuel at

(1000 bbto)

Distillate

Fuel at

(1000 bbls)

Natural

Gas

(billion

cuft)

LPG

(million

gallons)

Coal

(1000

short tons)

Coke and

Breeze

(1000

short tons)

Other*

(trillion

Btu)

West Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ...............

Tobacco Products ......................

Textile Mil Products ....................

Apparel and Other Textile Products .........

Lumber and Wood Products ..............

Furniture and Fixtures ...................

Paper and Allied Products ................

Paper AMte ..........................

Paperboard Mils ......................

Printing and Publishing ..................

Chemicals and Allied Products .............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ........

Plastics Materials and Resins ............

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers .................

Petroleum and Coal Products .............

Petroleum Penning ....................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .........

Leather and Leather Products .............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...........

Cement, Hydraulic ....................

Primary Metal Industries .................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminum ....................

Fabricated Metal Products ................

Industrial Machinery and Equipment .........

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment ......

Transportation Equipment ................

Instruments and Related Products ..........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total ...............................

186

0

5

2

85

NA

217

83

95

11

128

W

1

W

W

151

W

16

W

149

70

241

67

108

32

40

30

43

23

2

1,366

8,499

0

538

418

7,240

NA

14,275

W

4,421

1,858

W

W

123

53

725

W

W

2,349

W

5,408

2.123

34,099

W

25,611

3,447

4.754

6,197

6,594

4,203

306

120,242

W

0

0

0

Q

NA

W

W

1,674

0

W

W

W

0

0

Q

0

W

0

W

W

W

W

0

0

0

0

W

0

7,464

1,169

0

8

0

1,228

NA

190

47

W

Q

125

54

W

W

*

W

0

o

Q

808

238

W

13

19

57

W

27

W

7

Q

4,768

99

0

3

1

8

NA

79

30

37

4

69

9

1

W

W

100

W

8

W

58

10

61

17

5

16

22

8

17

W

1

563

W

0

Q

Q

W

NA

6

1

1

W

1

*

*

*

*

Q

0

2

Q

13

*

4

*

1

5

W

W

*

ft

99

W

0

0

0

0

NA

W

W

W

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2.295

2,127

W

W

10

0

0

0

W

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

NA

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W

68

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

3

0

Q

43

NA

W

16

30

Q

W

W

*

W*

4

W

Q

Q

I W

1

W

W

3

Q

1

*

*

*

Q

W

* See Appendices A and D tor descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

b Other energy sources include such combustible energy sources as wood waste, hydrogen or waste oils and tars.

' Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W-WithhekJ to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Q-Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

NA=Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Note: "Purchases' exclude quantities that are transferred in from other establishments of the same company, quantities purchased by a central purchasing office 

offsite, and quantities for which payment is made in-kind.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey."

64 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 27. Total Quantities of Selected Energy Sources Purchased by Economic 

Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

Economic

Characteristics'

Total

(trillion Btu)

Electricity

(million

kWh)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Distillate

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Natural

Gas

(billion

cuft)

LPQ

(millon

gallons)

Coal

(1000

short tons)

Coke&

Breeze

(1000

short tons)

Other"

(trillion

Btu)

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars)

Under 20 .............

20-49 ................

50-99 ................

100-249 ..............

250-499 ..............

500 and Over ..........

Total .................

Employment Size

Under 50 .............

50-99 ................

100-249 ..............

250-499 ..............

500-999 ...............

1 ,000 and Over .........

Total .................

. . . . . 1,457

. .... 1,535

. .... 1,600

. . . . . 2,307

. . . . . 2,046

. . . . . 4,073

13,017

. . . . . 622

. . . . . 828

. . . . . 2,096

. . . . . 2,200

. . . . . 2,655

, . . . . 4,617

, . . . . 13.017

124,647

111,267

90,208

131.040

116,478

127,326

700,965

52,710

45,523

125,426

123,356

164,486

189,465

700.965

7,488

12,077

11,172

15,567

18,993

12,566

77,862

1,356

7,261

11,894

13.018

16.652

27,682

77.862

16,979

6,763

4,460

2.882

2,330

3.523

36,938

11,503

3,911

6,835

4.917

4.015

5,757

36,938

656

709

675

1,053

704

1.811

5,607

305

371

1.017

1,005

1,197

1.712

5.607

253

194

171

1.394

2,461

6,355

10.827

130

317

717

2,447

1.556

5,660

10,827

4,313

8,593

12,543

15,757

14,602

33,864

89.672

658

3,294

12.492

11.675

15.822

45,731

89.672

852

498

737

755

972

7.333

11,145

123

298

842

728

792

8,362

11,145

56

71

94

139

192

83

635

20

52

111

118

171

164

635

 Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.

" Other energy sources include such combustible energy sources as wood waste, hydrogen or waste oils and tars.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey,* and the Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures* and the "1987 Census of 

Manufactures.'

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 65
Table 28. Total Expenditures for Selected Purchased Energy Sources by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988

(Million Dollars)

If'

}'}

SIC Industry Groups

Code* and Industry Total

Residual

Electricity Fuel Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Natural

Gas LPG

Coke and

Coal Breeze Other*

Total United States

20 Food and Kindred Products ............... 4,763

21 Tobacco Products ...................... 129

22 Textile MH Products .................... 1,931

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ......... 585

24 Lumber and Wood Products .............. 1,484

25 Furniture and Fixtures ................... 478

26 Paper and Allied Products ................ 4,946

2621 PaperMHf .......................... 2.326

2631 Paperboard Mils. ..................... 1.352

27 Printing and Publishing .................. 1.336

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............. 15.156

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ........ 980

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ............ 2.015

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nec ......... 6,108

2873 Nitrogenous Fertiizars ................. 920

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ............. 3,330

2911 Petroleum Refining .................... 2.844

30 Rubber and Msc. Plastics Products ......... 2.145

31 Leather and Leather Products ............. 120

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ........... 3,682

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .................... 868

33 Primary Metal Industries ................. 10,102

,. 3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............ 5.199

'/ 3334 Primary Aluminum .................... 1.752

34 Fabricated Metal Products ................ 2.696

 ' 35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ......... 2,486

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment ...... 2,149

V 37 Transportation Equipment ................ 2,721

38 Instruments and Related Products .......... 1,066

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............. 377

Total ............................... 61.681

2.621 W

69 4

1.404 53

458 6

1.077 W

347 4

2,433 417

1.139 236

492 115

1.094 2

4,257 300

W 19

W W

644 52

104 0

1.446 10

W 0

1,677 W

87 8

W W

414 Q

4,926 93

1.524 84

W W

1,818 14

1,900 11

1,724 12

W 54

874 16

274 4

32,141 1,225

W

2

27

12

122

16

51

21

8

10

69

W

5

12

1

93

20

5

184

24

64

26

2

34

38

23

W

W

8

1,002

1,420 W

8 10

317 13

92 5

125 19

88 8

1.068 28

420 10

355 3

196 10

3,981 4,662

W 2

W 925

1,259 3.268

792 W

1.483 14

1.373

349 W

17 1

1,282 21

62 *

2,018 28

1,141 4

W 1

721 28

459 18

286 17

411 11

120 1

74 4

14,515 4.962

232 W

35 0

78

7 0

W 0

6 0

549 0

328 0

205 0

0 0

480 42

W W

51 0

131 Q

0 0

16 0

W 0

20 0

3 0

432 21

323 4

1,874 1,021

1,587 762

14 W

19 7

29 Q

12 8

70 W

W 0

4 0

3,707 1,131

69

1

11

Q

107

9

337

142

156

15

1,191

65

46

667

W

147

W

15

*

106

35

219

24

134

38

26

63

33

6

8

2.406

Northeast Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ............... 621

21 Tobacco Products ...................... NA

22 Textile Mill Products .................... 183

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ......... 163

24 Lumber and Wood Products .............. 145

25 Furniture and Fixtures ................... 60

26 Paper and Allied Products ................ 915

2621 Paper Mils.......................... 608

2631 Paperboard Mis ...................... 77

27 Printing and Publishing .................. 284

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............. 1,001

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nec ........ 43

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ............ W

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nec ......... W

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ................. 2

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ............. 281

2911 Petroleum Refining .................... 186

30 Rubber and Msc. Plastics Products ......... 434

31 Leather and Leather Products ............. W

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ........... 691

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .................... 116

33 Primary Metal Industries ................. 1,697

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mils ............ 1,128

3334 Primary Aluminum .................... W

34 Fabricated Metal Products ................ 569

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ......... 515

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment ...... 588

37 Transportation Equipment ................ 433

38 Instruments and Related Products .......... 362

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............. W

Total ............................... 9,128

W W

NA NA

111 18

116 5

86 Q

40 1

W 211

W 176

30 13

229 W

W W

W 8

67 21

72 W

W 0

W Q

108 0

351 W

W 6

W 16

61 Q

W 23

W W

W W

341 9

422 10

478 9

310 31

269 14

W 3

5.360 529

38

NA

W

9

Q

3

W

W

W

8

W

W

2

4

0

25

0

11

3

29

3

W

W

W

21

15

17

W

W

5

300

141 W

NA NA

36 4

29 Q

W W

13 Q

W 10

54 7

20 1

33 Q

147 W

10

16 W

W W

1 0

W Q

54 0

49 W

W

269 3

1

307 11

188 W

W

172 7

62 W

72 5

53 2

30 1

W 2

1.647 W

W 0

NA NA

W 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

W 0

W 0

W 0

0 0

8 0

0

W 0

0 0

0 0

W 0

7 0

W 0

Q 0

45 3

41 W

537 W

520 W

W 0

W W

W 0

W W

W 0

W 0

W 0

727 W

6

NA

1

Q

Q

1

W

43

*

W

W

1

8

Q

0

3

*

W

4

24

W

W

6

2

4

4

1

Q

W

See footnotes at end of table.

66 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 28. Total Expenditures for Selected Purchased Energy Sources by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 (Continued)

(Million Dollars)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code* and Industry Total Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPQ Coal

Goto and 

Breeze Other"

Midwest Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ..............

Tobacco Products .....................

Textile Mill Products ...................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .............

Furniture and Fixtures ..................

Paper and Allied Products ...............

Paper *Mto .........................

Paperboard Mills .....................

Printing and Publishing .................

Chemicals and Allied Products ............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee .......

Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ................

Petroleum and Coal Products ............

Petroleum Refining ...................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

Cement, Hydraulic ...................

Primary Metal Industries ................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ...........

Primary Aluminum ...................

Fabricated Metal Products ...............

Industrial Machinery and Equipment ........

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .....

Transportation Equipment ...............

Instruments and Related Products .........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

Total ..............................

1,776

NA

NA

83

190

138

1.075

500

214

503

1,708

W

W

350

W

490

W

800

45

1,036

228

4,288

2,614

W

1.212

1,116

510

1,270

NA

87

16,518

918

NA

NA

59

119

90

W

W

88

395

740

W

117

89

21

275

241

606

O

443

110

1,794

W

W

829

810

391

W

NA

59

9,206

24

NA

NA

Q

Q

W

W

W

4

*

W

W

2

W

0

Q

0

W

O

1

*

39

39

0

W

O

2

13

NA

Q

158

W

NA

NA

1

W

4

W

W

*

Q

W*

W

W*

41

0

W

Q

W

W

20

W*

6

10

1

W

NA

W

202

580

NA

NA

19

28

40

235

97

41

99

476

W

54

113

W

160

W

160

7

358

11

1,069

680

W

326

244

101

209

NA

23

4,172

Q

NA

NA

Q

W

2

6

1

2

W*

W

W*

Q

0

W

5

11

W*

11

8

3

W

NA

*

W

156

NA

NA

Q

Q

W

173

109

52

0

135

5

W

58

0

W

W

W

Q

151

84

718

682

W

15

28

8

58

NA

W

1,458

W

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W*

533

381

0

W

Q

0

W

NA

0

563

13

NA

NA

Q

16

1

42

18

20

4

40

W

W

W

5

0

9

*

W

W

49

9

W

11

12

3

12

NA

2

W

South Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

324*

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ..............

Tobacco Products .....................

Textile Mill Products ...................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .............

Furniture and Fixtures ..................

Paper and Allied Products ...............

Paper Mills .........................

Paperboard Mills .....................

Printing and Publishing .................

Chemicals and Allied Products ............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee .......

Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ................

Petroleum and Coal Products ............

Petroleum Refining ...................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

Cement, Hydraulic ...................

Primary Metal Industries ................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mils ...........

Primary Aluminum ...................

Fabricated Metal Products ...............

Industrial Machinery and Equipment ........

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment

Transportation Equipment ...............

Instruments and Related Products .........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

Total ............................

1.450

128

1,691

302

694

240

2,161

913

792

391

11,902

661

1,436

5,547

718

1.825

1,636

714

W

1,368

305

2,748

1,251

655

573

490

627

519

NA

W

28,177

W

69

1,256

251

541

184

965

W

245

334

W

365

W

480

62

613

583

555

W

577

141

W

W

W

399

390

471

406

NA

W

12,277

33

4

35

Q

W

W

137

W

76

W

W

W

W

19

0

W

0

24

Q

W

W

W

W

0

W

*

1

W

NA

W

424

W

2

W

2

W

10

23

10

3

W

30

W

2

7

1

W

*

6

W

W

W

16

7

W

5

Q

5

5

NA

W

358

391

8

262

41

47

29

W

195

205

46

3,208

W

W

1,111

632

W

968

112

W

486

27

479

232

23

148

74

80

81

NA

W

7,063

W

10

9

1

5

5

9

2

1

W

W

1

687

3,185

W

Q

*

3

*

8

*

5

1

6

6

Q

3

NA

Q

W

32

35

W

6

Q

W

306

157

144

0

328

W

W

73

0

W

W

5

0

150

118

W

W

W

W

Q

W

W

NA

0

W

W

0

*

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

Q

0

0

0

0

0

12

W

W

W

W

W

W

W*

NA

0

390

28

1

9

1

43

Q

W

66

115

W

1,101

47

W

636

W

Q

W

3

Q

33

W

W

W

W

11

7

53

12

NA

0

W

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 67
Table 28. Total Expenditures for Selected Purchased Energy Sources by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988 (Continued)

(Million Dollars)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code* and Industry Total Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other*

West Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2627

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ...............

Tobacco Products ......................

Textile Mil Products ...................

Apparel and Other Textile Products .........

Lumber and Wood Products ..............

Furniture and Fixtures ...................

Paper and Allied Products ................

Paper MBit ..........................

Paperboard Mils ......................

Printing and Publishing ..................

Chemicals and Allied Products .............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ........

Hastes Materials and Resins ............

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers .................

Petroleum and Coal Products .............

Petroleum Refining ....................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .........

Leather and Leather Products .............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...........

Cement, Hydraulic ....................

Primary Metal Industries .................

Blast Furnaces and Steel MBIs ............

Primary Aluminum ....................

Fabricated Metal Products ................

Industrial Machinery and Equipment .........

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment ......

Transportation Equipment ................

Instruments and Related Products ..........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total ...............................

916

0

33

37

455

NA

794

306

269

158

545

W

12

W

W

734

W

196

W

587

220

1.369

206

779

341

364

423

500

333

28

7,859

440

0

21

33

330

NA

458

W

128

136

W

W

9

2

20

W

W

165

W

273

102

1,033

W

698

249

278

384

416

295

23

5,298

W

0

0

0

2

NA

W

W

23

0

W

W

W

0

0

Q

0

W

0

W

W

W

W

0

0

0

0

W

0

114

35

0

*

0

40

NA

4

1

W

Q

4

2

W

W*

W

0

Q

Q

24

7

W*

1

1

W

1

W*

Q

141

308

0

12

3

28

NA

205

75

89

17

149

22

3

W

W

250

W

28

W

168

23

163

42

16

76

79

33

68

W

5

1,634

W

0

Q

Q

W

NA

3

1

1

W*

*

*

*

*

Q

0

1

Q

5

*

2

*

*

3

W*

W*

*

48

W

0

0

0

0

NA

W

W

W

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

86

81

W

W

3

0

0

0

W

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

NA

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W

10

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

22

0

Q

37

NA

W

15

21

Q

W

W*

W*

26

W

Q

Q

W

4

W

W

61

Q

5

3

5

4

Q

W

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

b Other energy sources include such combustible energy sources as wood waste, hydrogen or waste oils and tars.

* Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Q-Withneki because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent Data are included in higher level totals.

NA-Not available. Data are Included In higher level totals.

Note: 'Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. «To minimize respondent burden, quantities of petroleum based products (e.g., 

residual and distillate fuel oil and LPG) purchased, and associated expenditures, were not collected from the Refinery Industry, SIC 2911. These products are 

produced by petroleum refineries rather than purchased by them.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey*

68 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 29. Total Expenditures for Selected Purchased Energy Sources by Economic 

Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988

(Million Dollars)

Economic Residual Distillate 

Characteristics* Total Electricity Fuel Oil Fuel CM)

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars)

Under 20 11355 7638 123 490

20-49 ..................... 8,762 5.599 198 173

50-99 ..................... 7.414 4,162 181 120

100-249 ................... 10,054 5.189 242 74

250-499 ................... 9,113 4,191 286 60

500 and Over ............... 14,983 5.361 195 84

Total ...................... 61,681 32,141 1,225 1,002

Employment Size 

Under 50 .................. 4,700 3,036 25 332

50-99 ..................... 4,470 2.637 111 108

100-249 ................... 10,955 6,252 197 183

250-499 ................... 10,860 5,713 206 131

500-999 ................... 12,352 6,432 257 110

1,000 and Over ............. 18,344 8.071 430 138

Total ...................... 61,681 32,141 1,225 1.002

Natural Coke & 

Gas LPG Coal Breeze Other*

2,376 135 171 95 267

2,092 89 320 60 180

1,888 88 478 80 338

2.507 872 624 81 349

1,694 1,221 578 105 900

3.958 2,556 1,537 710 373

14,515 4,962 3.707 1,131 2,406

1.066 63 30 16 117

1,123 90 112 19 234

2,763 583 459 96 307

2597 1,211 461 88 363

2933 988 631 86 762

4,034 2.026 2,014 828 624

14.515 4,962 3,707 1,131 2,406

* Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.

 Other energy sources include such combustible energy sources as wood waste, hydrogen or waste oils and tars.

Note: 'Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent founding. »To minimize respondent burden, quantities of petroleum based products (e.g.. 

residual and distillate fuel oil, and LPG) purchased, and associated expenditures, were not collected from the Refinery Industry, SIC 2911. These products are 

produced by petroleum refineries rather than purchased by them.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division. Form ElA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey,' and the Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the '1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures* and the '1987 Census of 

Manufactures."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 69
Table 30. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Energy Sources by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988: Part 1

(Dollars per Physical Unit)

sic

Code*

Industry Groups 

and Industry

Electricity 

(kWh)

Residual 

Fuel Oil 

(gallon)

Distillate 

Fuel Oil 

(gallon)

Natural Gas 

(1000 cuft)

LPG 

(gallon)

Coal 

(snort ton)

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mil Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mils .....................

2631 Paperboard Mils .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum* ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper mis.....................

2631 Paperboard Mils.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ...

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mils .......

3334 Primary Aluminunf ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total .........................

Total United States

0.051 

0.048 

0.048 

0.069 

0.055 

0.061 

0.040 

0.037 

0.036 

0.064 

0.036

W

W

0.036 

0.035 

0.042

W

0.054 

0.062

W

0.042 

0.035 

0.039

W

0.059 

0.056 

0.054

W

0.062 

0.065 

0.046

W

MA

0.068

0.087

0.073

0.076

W

W

0.057

0.075

W

W

0.052

0.031

W

W

0.042

0.069

W

W

0.046 

W 

W 

W

0.066 

0.062 

0.059 

0.064 

0.066 

W 

0.055

W

0.390 

0.416 

0.468

W

0.470 

0.353 

0.362 

0.325 

0.466 

0.373 

0.438

W

0.357 

0.000 

0.454 

0.000

W 

0.371

W

0.326 

0.343 

0.335

W

0.474 

0.452 

0.406 

0.431 

0.409 

0.430 

0.375

W

0.490 

0.556 

0.711 

0.723 

0.652 

0.549 

0.534 

0.414 

0.632 

0.598

W

0.624 

0.591 

0.632 

0.633 

1.035 

0.602 

0.636 

0.698 

0.616 

0.580 

0.575 

0.655 

0.661 

0.608 

0.606

W

W

0.690 

0.648

2.991 

3.558 

3.501 

4.304 

3.670 

4.010 

2.554 

2.416 

2.283 

4.127 

2.026 

W 

W

1.933 

1.910 

2.146 

2.094 

3.246 

3.604 

2.825 

2.132 

2.842 

2.739 

W

3.704 

3.703 

3.534 

3.577

3.849

3.850

2.589

Northeast Census Region

W

NA

0.401

0.466

0.373

0.449

0.375

0.372

0.395

W

W

0.423

0.410

W

0.000

0.456

0.000

W

0.373

0.395

0.351

0.368

W

W

0.529 

0.453 

0.415 

0.435 

0.408 

0.439 

0.397

0.634 

NA 

W

0.736

0.642

0.670

W

W

W

0.607 

W 

W

0.586

0.588

0.000

0.569

0.000

0.571

0.636

0.611

0.644

W

W

W

0.641

0.519

0.590

W

W

0.633 

0.597

3.479 

NA

4.438

W 

4.324

W

2.793 

2.745 

5.237 

3.198 

3.549 

3.242

W 

3.244

W

2.636 

4.220

W

3.196 

4.319 

2.989 

2.926

W

4.204 

4.462 

3.644 

3.329 

3.836

W 

3.409

W

3.586 

0.399 

0.589 

0.468 

0.539 

0.521 

0.443 

0.534 

0.576 

0.457 

0.503 

0.728 

0.399

W 

0.341

W

W

0.591 

0.436 

0.682 

0.423 

0.365 

0.382 

0.554 

0.580 

0.506 

0.478 

0.554 

0.665 

0.458

W

NA

0.388

0.835

W

0.705 

0.459 

0.428 

0.454 

0.638

W 

0.815

W

W

0.000 

0.878 

0.000

W

0.788 

0.464 

0.906 

0.437

W

0.603 

0.615

W

0.449 

0.475 

0.775 

0.648

W

34.47

45.66

43.45

W

48.73 

40.05 

39.55 

4125 

0.00 

36.68

W

38.34

32.48

0.00

46.43

W

50.79 

43.79 

34.19 

33.73 

46.75 

4&3A 

174.56 

43.94 

35.32 

39.06 

45.96

W

45.98 

41.34

W

NA

W

0.00

0.00

0.00

W

W

W

0.00

43.08

48.14

W

0.00

0.00

W

3627 

W

42.57

34.18

33.92

4442

44.73

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

43.75

See footnotes at end of table.

70 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 30. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Energy Sources by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988: Part 1 (Continued)

(Dollars per Physical Unit)

sic

Cods'

Industry Groups 

and Industry

Electricity 

(kWh)

Residual 

Fuel Oil 

(gallon)

Distillate 

Fuel Oil 

(gallon)

Natural Gas 

(1000 cutt)

LPG

(gallon)

Coal 

(short ton)

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

S621 PaperMHs .....................

2631 Paperboard Mils.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Bast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminunf ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertttizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mats .......

3334 Primary Alumnunf ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total .........................

Midwest Census Region

0.048

MA

NA

0.063

0.060

0.053

W

W

0.040

0.063

0.042

W

0.040 

0.042 

0.037 

0.041 

0.039 

0.052 

0.062 

0.046 

0.041 

0.041 

W 

W

0.058

0.055

0.051

W

NA

0.064

0.048

W

0.047 

0.046 

0.063 

0.059 

0.059 

0.040

W

0.039 

0.057

W 

0.030

W

0.036 

0.037 

0.038

W 

0.046

W

0.044 

0.038

W

W

W

0.050 

0.051 

0.048 

0.049 

NA

W 

0.042

0.360

NA

NA

0.483

0.420

W

W

W

0.378

0.420

W

W

0.375 

W

0.000

0.366

0.000

W

0.426 

0.382 

0.835 

0.316 

0.316 

0.000 

W

0.491 

0.360 

0.447 

NA 

0.481 

0.367

W

NA

NA

0.664

W 

0.833

W

W

0.472 

0.899

W 

0.738

W

W

0.695 

0.655 

0.000

W 

0.622

W

W 

0.607

W

0.689 

0.696 

0.596

W

NA

W

0.640

2.853 

NA 

NA 

3.942 

4.173 

3.726 

2.913 

2.644 

2.521 

3.780 

2.491

W

2.714 

2.091

W 

2.589

W

3.246 

3.464 

2.854 

2.438 

2.881 

2.751

W

3.445 

3.592 

3.400 

3.523 

NA 

3.715 

2.978

South Census Region

0.393

0.390

0.425

0.458

W

W

0.330 

W

0.314 

W 

W 

W 

W

0.327

0.000

W

0.000

0.448

0.289

W

W

W

W

0.000 

W

0.410

0.424

W

NA

W

0.355

W 

0.490

W 

0.641

W

0.598 

0.588 

0.498 

0.599

W 

0.586

W

0.666 

0.635 

0.615

W

1.035 

0.629

W

W

W

0.583 

0.607

W

0.761 

0.800 

0.611 

0.561 

NA

W 

0.674

2.971 

3.577 

3.431 

4.360 

3.306 

4.098

W

2.208 

2.147 

4.292 

1.935

W

W

1.898 

1.901

W

1.968 

2.880

W

2.620 

1.853 

2.729 

2.629 

2.807 

3.445 

3.695 

3.255 

3.562 

NA

W 

2.236

0.391

NA

NA

0.447

W

0.520 

0.625 

0.561 

0.729 

0.523

W 

0.679

W

W

0.492 

0.353 

0.000

W

0.460 

0.532 

0.591 

0.390

W

0.303 

0.513 

0.482 

0.485

W

NA

0.742

W

W

3.586 

0.402 

0.511 

0.447 

0.512 

0.515 

0.424 

0.514

W

W

0.442 

0.958 

0.405

W 

0.326

W

0.491 

0.631 

0.423 

0.702 

0.437 

0.699 

0.339 

0.548 

0.682 

0.547 

0.466 

NA 

0.662

W

33.76

NA

NA

54.57

44.77

W

38.56 

39.18 

38.40 

0.00 

3522 

32.46

W

31.80 

0.00

W

W

W

97.14 

31.18 

28.55 

48.31 

48.07

W

4228 

3452 

38.08 

47.57 

NA

W 

41.01

41.00

45.66

W

50.72

4655

W

41.05

40.11

42.12

0.00

36.89

W

W

33.04

0.00

W

W

42.67

0.00

35.93

35.33

W

W

W

W

40.03 

W 

W 

NA 

0.00 

W

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 71
Table 30. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Energy Sources by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988: Part 1 (Continued)

(Dollars per Physical Unit)

sic 

Coder

Industry Groups 

and Industry

Electricity 

(KWh)

Residual 

Fuel Oil 

(gallon)

Distillate 

Fuel Oil 

(gallon)

Natural Qas 

(1000 cu ft)

LPG 

(gallon)

Coal 

(short ton)

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mil Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ...

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........

2621 PaperUHs.....................

2031 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing ............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, noc ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ......

2860 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ...

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement. Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ...........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ......

3334 Primary Aluminunf ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ..........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment...

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .......

 Total .........................

West Census Region

0.052 

0.000 

0.039 

0.079 

0.046

NA 

0.032

W

0.029 

0.073

W

W

0.072 

0.047 

0.028

W

W 

0.070

W

0.051 

0.048 

0.030

W

0.027 

0.072 

0.058 

0.062 

0.063 

0.070 

0.074 

0.044

W

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.372

NA

W

W

0.324

0.000

W

W

W

0.000 

0.000 

0.627 

0.000 

W

0.000 

W 

W 

W 

W

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

W

0.346 

0.000 

0.363

0.711 

0.000 

0.560 

0.000 

0.768 

NA 

0.455 

0.586

W

0.707 

0.721 

0.672

W

W 

0.955

W

0.000 

0.640 

1.154 

0.716 

0.651

W

0.642 

0.672 

0.527

W 

0.825

W

0.613 

0.703 

0.703

3.100 

0.000 

4.092 

4.753 

3.652 

NA 

2.606 

2.506 

2.440 

4.195 

2.155 

2.412 

4.315

W

W 

2.509

W 

3.656

W

2.882 

2.385 

2.685 

2.435 

2.950 

4.633 

3.579 

4.166 

4.021

W

4.623 

2.900

W

0.000 

0.778 

1.136

W

NA

0.597

0.495

0.558

W

0.649 

0.626 

0.951 

0.964 

0.492 

0.354 

0.000 

0.592 

0.679 

0.373 

0.877 

0.543 

0.680 

0.433 

0.603

W 

0.951

W

0.641 

0.789 

0.489

W

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

NA

W

W

W

0.00

W

W

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

37.39

38.22

W

W

275.98

0.00

0.00

0.00

W

0.00

0.00

W

 See Appendices A and D for description of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

" The price estimates for coal for SIC 3334 includes anthracite coal for the production of carbon anodes. Because of the high cost of transporting anthracite from the 

East Coast to the West and South, the prices of coal in those regions are extremely high.

W-WithhekJ to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included In higher level totals.

NA-Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey."

72 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Cwwumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 30. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Energy Sources by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988: Part 2

(Dollars per Million Btu)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal

20 Food and Kindred Products .........

21 Tobacco Products ................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ...

24 Lumber and Wood Products ........

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........

2621 Paper Mills ....................

2631 Paperboard Mils.................

27 Printing and Publishing ............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .......

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ..

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ...

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .......

2911 Petroleum Refining ..............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products .......

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .....

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum* ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ...

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment

37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .......

 Total .........................

20 Food and Kindred Products .........

21 Tobacco Products ................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ...

24 Lumber and Wood Products ........

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing ............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee .. .

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ...

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

291 1 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products .......

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .....

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ...........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminurrf ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ..........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ...

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .......

 Total .........................

Total United States

14.94 

13.96 

13.93 

20.16 

16.10 

17.88 

11.87 

10.93 

10.69 

18.78 

10.62

W

W

10.54 

10.27 

12.41

W

15.78 

18.24

W

12.30 

10.39

W

17.38 

16.45 

15.91

W

18.06 

19.19 

13.44

W

NA

19.88

25.52

21.43

22.14

W

W

16.58

21.98

W

W

15.33

8.95

W

W

12.27

20.15

W

W

13.53 

W 

W 

W

19.48 

18.31 

17.31 

18.62 

19.32 

W 

16.10

W 

2.61 

2.78

3.13 

W

3.14 

2.36 

2.42 

2.17 

3.11 

2.49 

2.93

W 

2.39 

0.00 

3.03 

0.00

W 

2.48

W

2.18

2.29

_2.24

W 

3.17 

3.02 

2.71 

2.88 

2.73 

2.87 

2.50

W

3.54 

4.01 

5.13 

5.22 

4.70 

3.96 

3.85 

2.99 

4.56 

4.30

W

4.50 

4.26

4.55

4.56 

7.46 

4.34 

4.59 

5.04 

4.44 

4.18 

4.14 

4.72 

4.77 

4.38 

4.37 

W 

W 

4.98 

4.66

2.91 

3.46 

3.40 

4.18 

3.58 

3.90 

2.48 

2.35 

2.22 

4.01 

1.97 

W 

W 

1.88 

1.86 

2.09 

2.04 

3.15 

3.50 

2.75 

2.07 

2.76 

2.66

W 

3.60 

3.60 

3.43 

3.48 

3.74 

3.74 

2.52

Northeast Census Region

W

NA

2.68

3.11

2.49

3.00

2.51

2.49

2.64

W

W

2.83

2.74

W

0.00

3.05

0.00

W

2.49

2.64

2.35

2.46

W

W

3.53

3.02

2.77

2.91

2.72

2.94

2.66

4.57

NA

W

5.31

4.63

4.83

W

W

W

4.38

W

W

4.22

4.24

0.00

4.10

0.00

4.12

4.59

4.41

4.64

W

W

W

4.62

3.74

4.25

W

W

4.57

4.30

3.38

NA

3.76

4.31

W 

4.20

W 

2.71 

2.67 

5.09 

3.11 

3.45 

3.15

W 

3.15

W 

2.56 

4.10

W 

3.11 

4.20 

2.90 

2.84

W

4.09 

4.34 

3.74 

3.23 

3.73

W 

3.31

W

41.21 

4.59 

6.77 

5.38 

6.19 

5.98 

5.10 

6.14 

6.62 

5.25 

5.78 

8.37 

4.59

W 

3.92 

0.00

W 

6.79 

5.01 

7.84 

4.87 

4.20

4.39

6.37

6.67

5.81

5.50

6.37

7.65

5.27

W

NA

4.46

9.59

W 

8.10 

5.27 

4.92 

5.21 

7.34

W 

9.37

W

W

0.00

10.09

0.00

W

9.06

5.34

10.41

5.03

W 

6.93 

7.07

W 

5.16 

5.46 

8.91 

7.44

W

1.54 

2.04 

1.94 

2.28

W 

2.18 

1.78 

1.77 

1.83 

0.00 

1.63

W 

1.71 

1.45 

0.00 

2.03

W 

2.26 

1.96 

1.53 

1.51 

1.76 

1.74

6.69 

1.94 

1.58 

1.68 

2.05 

W 

1.82 

1.72

W 

NA 

W

0.00

0.00

0.00

W

W

W

0.00

1.92

2.15

W

0.00

0.00

W

1.62

W

1.90

1.53

1.51

1.68

1.67

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

1.71

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 73
Table 30. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Energy Sources by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988: Part 2 (Continued)

(Dollars per Million Btu)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ...

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........

2621 Paper Mats ....................

2631 Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing ............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .....

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ...........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminurrf ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminurrf ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

Midwest Census Region

13.94

NA

NA

18.53

17.48

15.45

W

W

11.72

18.34

12.18

W

11.62 

12.19 

10.73 

11.90 

11.39 

15.23 

18.14 

13.51 

11.95 

11.94 

W 

W

17.13

16.12

15.00

W

NA

18.62

14.07

W

13.92 

13.61 

18.43 

17.30 

17.39 

11.64

W

11.37 

16.73

W 

8.91

W

10.55 

10.98 

11.22

W 

13.51

W

12.93 

11.11

W

W

W

14.79 

15.01 

14.04 

14.23

NA

W 

12.35

2.40

NA

NA

3.23

2.81

W

W

W

2.53

2.80

W

W

2.50

W

0.00

2.44

0.00

W

2.84

2.55

5.58

2.11

2.11

0.00

W

3.28 

2.40 

2.98 

NA 

3.22 

2.45

W

NA

NA

4.79

W

6.01

W

W

3.41

6.48

W

5.32

W

W

5.01

4.73

0.00

W

4.49

W

W

4.38

W

4.97

5.02

4.30

5.04

W

NA

W

4.61

2.77

NA

NA

3.83

4.06

3.62

2.83

2.57

2.45

3.67

2.42

W

2.64

2.03

W

2.52

W

3.15

3.37

2.77

2.37

2.80

2.67

W

3.35

3.49

3.30

3.42

NA

3.61

2.89

South Census Region

2.62

2.61

2.84

3.06

W

W

2.21

W

2.10

W

W

W

W

2.19

0.00

W

0.00

2.99

1.93

W

W

W

W

0.00

W

2.74

2.83

W

NA

W

2.37

W 

3.54

W 

4.62

W 

4.31 

4.24 

3.59 

4.32

W 

4.22

W 

4.80 

4.58 

4.43

W 

7.46 

4.53

W

W

W 

4.20 

4.37

W 

5.49 

5.77 

4.40 

4.04 

NA

W 

4.86

2.89

3.48

3.33

4.24

3.21

3.98

W

2.15

2.09

4.17

1.88

W

W

1.84

1.85

W

1.91

2.60

W

2.55

1.80

2.65

2.55

2.73

3.35

3.59

3.16

3.46

NA

W

2.17

4.49

NA

NA

5.14

W 

5.97 

7.19 

6.45 

8.38 

6.01

W 

7.80

W

W 

5.66 

4.06 

0.00

W 

5.28 

6.12 

6.80 

4.48

W 

3.48 

5.89 

5.54 

5.57

W

NA

8.53

W

W

41.21 

4.62 

5.87 

5.14 

5.89 

5.92 

4.87 

5.91

W

W

5.08

11.01

4.65

W 

3.74 

0.00 

5.65 

7.25 

4.86 

8.07 

5.02 

8.04 

3.90 

6.30 

7.84 

6.28 

5.36 

NA 

7.61

W

1.50

NA

NA

2.44

2.00

W 

1.72 

1.75 

1.69 

0.00 

1.57 

1.45

W 

1.42 

0.00

W

W

W 

4.35 

1.40 

1.28 

1.83 

1.82

W 

1.87 

1.54 

1.61 

2.12 

NA

W 

1.70

1.83

2.04

W

2.26

2.08

W

1.83

1.80

1.88

0.00

1.64

W

W

1.48

0.00

W

W

1.91

0.00

1.60

1.58

W

W

W

W

1.78

W

W

NA

0.00

W

See footnotes at end of table.

74 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 30. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Energy Sources by Census Region, 

Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1988: Part 2 (Continued)

(Dollars per Million Btu)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ...

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........

2621 PaperMills ....................

2631 Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing ............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ..

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ...

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .....

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ...........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminurrf ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ...

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .

37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

West Census Region

15.16

0.00

11.57

23.27

13.34

MA

9.41

W

8.50

21.47

W

W

20.99

13.74

8.23

W

W

20.60 

W

14.81

14.08

8.88

W

7.99 

21.20 

17.13 

18.17 

18.49 

20.59 

21.55 

12.91

W

0.00

0.00

0.00

2.48

NA

W

W

2.16

0.00

W

W

W

0.00

0.00

4.19

0.00

W

0

W

W

W

W

0

0

0

0

W

2.31

0.00

2.42

5.12 

0.00 

4.04 

0.00 

5.54

NA 

3.28 

4.23

W 

5.10 

5.20 

4.84

W

W 

6.88

W

0.00 

4.82 

6.32 

5.18 

4.70

W 

4.63 

4.85 

3.80

W 

5.95

W 

4.42 

5.07 

5.07

3.01 

0.00 

3.98 

4.62 

3.55 

NA 

2.53 

2.44 

2.37 

4.08 

2.09 

2.34 

4.19

W

W 

2.44

W 

3.55

W

2.80 

2.32 

2.81 

2.37 

2.87 

4.50 

3.48 

4.05 

3.91

W 

4.49 

2.82

W 

0.00 

8.94

13.04

W

NA

6.86

5.69

6.41

W

7.46

7.20

10.94

11.08 

5.65 

4.07 

0.00 

8.80 

7.80 

4.29

10.09 

6.25 

7.82 

4.97 

6.03 

W

10.93

W

7.36

9.08

5.63

W

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

NA

W

W

W

0.00

W

W

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

1.67

1.70

W

W

10.61

0.00

0.00

0.00

W

0.00

0.00

W

 See Appendices A and D for description of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

" The price estimates for coal for SIC 3334 includes anthracite coal for the production of carbon anodes. Because of (he high cost of transporting anthracite from the 

East Coast to the West and South, the prices of coal in those regions are extremely high.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

NA-Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form ElA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 75
Table 31. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Energy Sources by Economic 

Characteristics of the Establishment, 1988

Residual Disti 

Economic Characteristics* Electricity Fuel Oil Fuel 

(dollars per (dollars per (dollar 

kWh) gallon) gall

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars) 

Under 20 ................................ o.oei o aao

20-49 .....

50-99 ......

100-249 ....

250-499 ....

500 and Over 

All Manufaetur

Employment Si; 

Under 50 ...

50-99 ......

100-249 ....

250-499 ....

500-999 ....

1,000 and Ov< 

All Manufaetur

............................. 0.050 0.391

0046 0386

............................. 0.040 0.370

0036 0359

............................. 0.042 0.370

ng .......................... 0.046 0.375

:e

0058 0435

............................. 0.058 0.365

............................. 0.050 0.393

............................. 0.046 0.377

............................. 0.039 0.367

ar ........................... 0.043 0.370

ItM .......................... 0.046 0.375

late 

Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal 

s per (dollars per (dollars per (dollars per 

an) 1000 cu ft) gallons) short tons)

0.688 3.62 0.535 39.54 

0.609 2.95 0.460 37.29 

0.642 2.80 0.517 38.09 

0.611 2.38 0.626 39.58 

0.610 2.41 0.496 39.58 

0.571 2.19 0.402 45.37 

0.646 2.59 0.458 41.34

0.687 3.50 0.487 46.01 

0.658 3.03 0.284 33.90 

0.636 2.72 0.814 36.71 

0.635 2.58 0.495 39.48 

0.651 2.45 0.635 39.90 

0.571 2.36 0.358 44.05 

0.646 2.59 0.458 41.34

Electricity 

(dollars per 

million Btu)

Residual

Fuel Oil 

(dollars per 

million Btu)

Distillate

Fuel Oil 

(dollars per 

million Btu)

Natural Gas 

(dollars per 

million Btu)

LPG

(dollars per 

million Btu)

Coal 

(dollars per 

million Btu)

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

Under 20 .......................

20-49 ..........................

50-99 ..........................

100-249 ........................

250-499 ........................

500 and Over ....................

All Manufacturing .................

Employment Size

Under 50 .......................

50-99 ..........................

100-249 ........................

250-499 ........................

500-999 ........................

1 ,000 and Over ..................

All Manufacturing .................

........ 17.97

........ 14.73

........ 13.51

........ 11.61

........ 10.56

........ 12.35

........ 13.44

........ 16.87

........ 17.01

........ 14.61

........ 13.57

........ 11.47

........ 12.49

........ 13.44

2.60

2.61

2.58

2.47

2.40

2.47

2.50

2.91

2.44

2.63

2.52

2.45

2.47

2.50

4.96

4.39

4.63

4.41

4.39

4.11

4.66

4.95

4.74

4.59

4.58

4.70

4.12

4.66

3.52

2.87

2.72

2.31

2.34

2.12

2.52

3.40

2.94

2.64

2.51

2.38

2.29

2.52

6.15

5.29

5.94

7.19

5.70

4.62

5.27

5.59

3.27

9.35

5.69

7.30

4.11

5.27

1.74

1.63

1.59

1.68

1.72

1.80

1.72

1.96

1.51

1.61

1.70

1.65

1.78

1.72

* Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size data were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-848, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," and the Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures" and the "1987 Census of 

Manufacturing."

76 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Relative

Standard

Errors
Table 32. Relative Standard Errors for Table 1, Parts 1 and 2 of Detailed 

Statistics Section

(Percent)

SIC 

Code'

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total

Net 

Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

	Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Pesins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

324) Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ..........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ...

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment

37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .......

	Total .........................

Total United States

4

10

4

11

10

8

3

3

5

7

5

7

7

11

9

2

2

4

14

3

5

4

5

6

5

6

4

5

10

8

7 

NA

9 

28 

30 

20

4

5

11

13

7

12

10

14

*

4

4

9 

W

6 

11

8 

10 

W 

15 

10

9 

14 

19 

W

3

4

12

4

10

13

&

3

3

6

7

4

13

5

11

7

4

4

5

22

3

5

3

4

6

5

5

5

5

7

8

9

NA 

12 

30 

32 

17

5 

W 

11 

14

11

12

10

21

28

12

13 

11 

W

6 

10

6

6 

W

9 

12

9 

17 

13 

W

3

9

10

6

33

29

23

4

5

7

28

9

10 

9

16 

0 

6 

6 

9

31

16 

Q

7

8

23

19

16

13

12

14

18

11

18

18

22

22

33

9

5

17

20

9

13

20

16

11

17

11

15

31

25

6

8

5

8

14

18

16

11

28

18

3

12

5

16

12

8

3

3

6

8

5

9

11

11

9

5

5

5

12

4

9

3

4

6

6

9

5

6

9

11

28

14

12

37

15

18

8

7

a

23

11

15

9

16

W

7

7

14

25

10

*

14 

14

8 

12 

15 

31 

13

Q 

36 

10

Northeast Census Region

W 

NA 

12 

39 

O 

39

5

6 

19 

39 

W 

15 

11 

25

0 

W 

W 

W 

38 

26

Q

14

15

23

20

17

16

18

15

19

4

19 

NA 

27 

29 

Q 

37 

W 

W 

35 

24 

W 

43 

33 

13

*

41

12

22

32

19

12

19

10

21

19

24

21

16

33

21

8

8

NA 

15 

43 

32 

22

7

8

15

20

9

12

13

16

*

14

15

13

W

9

*

6

7 

W 

23 

13 

11 

16 

14 

W

4

W

NA

30

Q

33

Q

9

9

27

Q

21

*

W 

30 

0 

17 

17 

W

*

16

*

25

15

*

21

32

27

40

29

24

10

11

14

9

44

42

26

4

4

7

0

6

11

11

15

0

10

10

14

50

6

6

6

6

W

12

15

15

9

39

38

W

NA

34

0

0

0

W

W

24

0

14

*

W 

0 

0 

W 

12 

W 

O 

10 

10 

13 

13 

16 

30 

35 

32 

23 

39 

47 

9

15

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

16

17

0

Q

0

0

0

0

0

33

18

6

7 

W 

22

Q 

24 

21

0

0

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

17

18

19

21

0

43

0

29

0

0

0

18

23

18

15

39

13

19

4

4

5

18

9

10

18

12

W

2

2

15

*

11

15

6

9

7

24

17

19

12

19

29

25 

NA 

33

*

50 

Q

7

6

*

33

18

*

17

24

*

3 

W 

31 

Q 

25 

18 

15 

15 

W

Q

*

29 

Q 

32

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 79
Table 32. Relative Standard Errors for Table 1, Parts 1 and 2 of Detailed 

Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

SIC 

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry Total

Net 

Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other

20 Food and Kindred Products ............

21 Tobacco Products ...................

22 Textile Mill Products .................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ......

24 Lumber and Wood Products ...........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ................

26 Paper and Allied Products .............

2621 Paper Mills .......................

2631 Paperboard Mils ...................

27 Printing and Publishing ...............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ..........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee .....

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ......

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ..............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..........

291 1 Petroleum Refining .................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ......

31 Leather and Leather Products ..........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .................

33 Primary Metal Industries ..............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .........

3334 Primary Aluminum .................

34 Fabricated Metal Products .............

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment......

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment...

37 Transportation Equipment .............

38 Instruments and Related Products .......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..........

	Total ............................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

262* PaporMitts ............. ........

2631 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

29? 1 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .......

324* Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ......

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ..........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment .. .

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment

37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .......

	Total .........................

Midwest Census Region

7

NA 

NA 

20 

19 

13

4

5

10

10

7

18

15

16

15

4

4

7

27

6

9

5

6 

W

6

7 

7 

7

NA 

13

6

10

4

12

13

12 

4 

4 

6

12 

6 

8 

8

12

10 

3 

3 

6

W 

6

10 

6

8

9

8

9 

8 

6

NA

W

3

5

NA 

NA

19

19

16

5

4

10

10

11

27

10

16

15

7

8 

7 

Q 

5 

9 

5

5 

W

6

7 

7 

7

NA 

14

7

12

4

11

11

11

5

6

7

13

5

15

7

14

10

6

6

7 

W 

5 

9 

6 

6

9

10

9

8

8

NA

W 

2

10 

NA 

NA 

Q 

Q 

35 

W 

W 

34 

Q 

W 

W 

15 

29 

0 

W 

11 

W 

Q 

37

*

10 

10

0 

35

Q 

29 

14 

NA

Q

8

21

NA

NA

40

W

30

W

W

19

Q 

W 

10 

12 

26 

16 

36 

15 

26

O 

22 

11

8

8 

14

18

19

20 

18 

NA 

40 

10

5

NA 

NA 

23 

21 

13

5

5 

10 

12

8 

10 

10 

21 

15

8

8

9

18

6

12

5

6 

W

6

7 

7 

9

NA 

15

Q 

NA 

NA 

Q 

W 

34 

14 

5 

12 

24 

16

*

W

31

*

W 

11 

W 

44 

16

*

23

20

*

20 

24 

27 

22 

NA

*

13

South Census Region

15

10 

7 

Q

W

31

6

7

8 

43 

12 

W 

14 

18

0 

W 

W 

11

Q 

W 

17 

15 

15

0 

41 

31 

35 

20 

NA 

46

5

22 

18 

22 

40 

W 

49 

15 

8

8

24 

W

9

24 

22 

13 

26 

12 

22 

42 

48 

10 

13

9 

12 

33

Q 

19 

19 

NA 

42 

13

6

12

5

15

21

14

5

5

8

16

6

11

12

12

10

6

6

8

W

6

16

7

8

9

10

10

8

6

NA

W

4

22

14

11

33

17

25

18

8

9

29 

13 

20 

W 

17 

W 

15

12

13 

Q 

16

*

14

11

22 

22 

Q

14

NA

Q

12

15

NA

NA

Q

Q

46

6

6

10

0

9

18

W

17

0

W

W

W

Q

12

9

8

8

W

13

16

22

10

NA

38

11 

14

9 

50

Q 

30

5

6

9

0

7

14

W

24

0

W

W

24

0

10

12

9

10

W

28

Q

23

19

NA

0

4

26

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

26

29 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

25

*

7

8

0

35

Q

0

21

NA

0

7

41

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

Q

0

0

0

0

0

Q

28

12

15

W

35

47

33

*

NA

0

11

20 

NA 

NA

*

28 

33 

8 

7 

18 

28 

10 

W 

18 

25 

Q 

3 

W 

27 

O 

18 

25 

10 

13 

W 

21 

25 

19 

15 

NA

26 

18 

17 

Q 

16 

21

4

5

6

25

10

11

24

13

W

2

2

23

Q

19

13

13

13

12

25

32

27

24

NA

Q

2

See footnotes at end of table. 

80 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 32. Relative Standard Errors for Table 1, Parts 1 and 2 of Detailed 

Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

sic

Code'

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total

Net 

Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Cote and 

Breeze Other

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........

2621 Paper Mills ....................

2631 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing ............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ..

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .....

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

West Census Region

10

0

25

33

17

NA

6

6

10

17

9

13

7

26

17

5

5

14

36

6

8

7

15

8

12

29

11

9

13

21

3

9

0 

49 

37 

40 

NA

7 

W 

13 

18 

11 

16

9

14

7

7

20

37

7

8

7

18

8

12

18

12

9

14

21

4

W

0

0

0

Q

NA

W

W

12

0

W

W

26

0

0

W

W

46

0

W

16

21

22

0

0

0

0

25

*

0

7

21 

0 

23 

0 

19 

NA 

12 

10 

19 

Q 

26 

13 

19 

31 

24 

19 

16 

Q 

O 

18 

13 

19 

13 

9

34

35 

41 

48 

40 

Q 

8

6 

0 

21 

38 

19 

NA

6

7

11

21

12

17

7

34

18

8

9

18

38

8

11

9

13

9

12

42

14

8

17

27

4

W

0

Q

Q

W

NA

13

7

10

45

22

W 

W 

50 

Q 

22

*

17

*

11

24

34

*

27

W 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA

W

W

33

0

20

20

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

9

20

20

13

0

0

0

31

0

0

8

11 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

36 

26 

20 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

14

Q 

22

NA

7 

7 

11 

Q 

21 

W*

36

*

5 

W 

Q 

Q 

23 

33 

10 

18 

12 

Q 

42 

44 

15 

27 

Q 

5

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

* Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

NA=Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," and Office of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Supply Division, Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" for 1988.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 81
This page has been left blank, intentionally

82
Table 33. Relative Standard Errors for Table 2 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

SIC 

Cods'

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other

Total United States

20 Food and Kindred Products ............... 18

21 Tobacco Products ...................... 19

22 Textile Mill Products .................... *

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ......... Q

24 Lumber and Wood Products .............. 45

25 Furniture and Fixtures ................... Q

26 Paper and Allied Products ................ 21

2621 Paper Mills .......................... 13

2631 Paparboard Mils...................... 26

27 Printing and Publishing .................. 45

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............. 7

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ........ 12

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ............ 8

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ......... 13

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ................. 9

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ............. 34

2911 Petroleum Refining .................... 1

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ......... 19

31 Leather and Leather Products ............. Q

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ........... 24

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ....................

33 Primary Metal Industries ................. 6

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills............ 6

3334 Primary Aluminum .................... 7

34 Fabricated Metal Products ................ 21

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ......... 20

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment...... 24

37 Transportation Equipment ................ 21

38 Instruments and Related Products .......... 33

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

	Total ............................... _____3_

20 Food and Kindred Products ............. Q

21 Tobacco Products .................... NA

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....... 0

24 Lumber and Wood Products ............ Q

25 Furniture and Fixtures ................. 0

26 Paper and Allied Products .............. 37

2621 Paper Mills ........................

2631 Paperboard Mills .................... 0

27 Printing and Publishing ................ Q

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........... 19

28/9 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...... *

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......... W

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....... 33

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............... 0

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........... 1

2911 Petroleum Refining .................. 1

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .......

31 Leather and Leather Products ........... Q

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .......... Q

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ..................

33 Primary Metal Industries ............... 13

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......... 13

3334 Primary Aluminum .................. W

34 Fabricated Metal Products ..............

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....... *

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .... 30

37 Transportation Equipment .............. *

38 Instruments and Related Products ........ Q

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........... Q

	Total ............................. 6

Q 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

30 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

0

W 

0 

0 

0

22

22 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

25

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

Q 

0

*

0 

Q

0 

Q 

W 

34

0 

27 

W

32 

0

Q 

0

*

Q 

28 

19 

22 

12 

0 

Q 

Q 

34 

W*

0

18

17

0

*

0

Q

0 

15 

17

Q 

46

7 

W 

W 

13

9 

48

0

*

0

29

*

14

15

0

27

22

47

36

Q

15

*

0

34

0

0

11

*

9 

16 

W 

Q

0 

W

0 

18

*

Q 

0 

0 

O

*

33 

47 

Q 

49

11

34 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

24

W 

0 

0 

0

42 

0

46 

0 

Q 

0 

6 

6 

W

47

47

46

31

0

0

6

Northeast Census Region

Q 

NA

*

0 

0 

0

Q

W 

0 

0

Q 

0 

0

29 

0

Q 

0

*

Q 

O 

0 

Q

*

0 

Q 

Q 

Q

*

0 

0 

Q

Q 

NA

*

0 

0 

0 

Q

*

0

0

0 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

0 

Q 

0 

Q 

0 

0

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

26

Q 

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0

Q 

0 

0 

0

W 

0

W

39 

0

Q 

0

Q 

0

0 

0 

Q 

Q 

0

0 

49 

W

0

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

42

0

0

0

0

0

13

13

16

0

0

47

0

0

0

13

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

17

W 

0

Q 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

Q 

0

11 

9

W

47 

0

28

Q 

0 

0 

9

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

28

17 

0 

0 

0

37 

0 

0 

0

24

Q 

21

*

Q 

49 

Q 

26 

W 

26 

Q 

14 

14 

W 

18 

W 

34 

1

8

12

8

44

27 

30 

37 

Q

1

0 

NA

*

0 

Q 

0

0 

Q 

W

0 

Q 

1

28

*

W 

Q 

Q

W

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 83
Table 33. Relative Standard Errors for Table 2 of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

sic

Code1

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other

Midwest Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ............. 24 0 Q 17 Q Q WO

21 Tobacco Products .................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

22 Textile Mill Products .................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....... Q 0 0 0 0 0 OQ

24 Lumber and Wood Products ............ Q 0 Q Q 0 0 0 0

25 Furniture and Fixtures ................. Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q

26 Paper and Allied Products .............. 34 0 44 W Q 0 0 W

2621 Paper Mills ........................ 16 0 W * 0 0 0 W

2631 Paperboard Mills.................... 42 0 Q Q Q 0 0 42

27 Printing and Publishing ................ Q 0 0 Q 0 0 0 Q

28 Chemicals and Allied Products........... 13 0 Q 18 W Q W 17

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...... W 0 0 * 0 0 OW

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......... W 0 0 Q W 0 0

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....... 28 0 25 40 31 0 0 *

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............... 17 0 0 17 0 0 0 0

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........... 1 W Q Q 0 0 0 Q

2911 Petroleum Refining .................. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....... 25 W Q * Q 46 0 Q

31 Leather and Leather Products ........... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products.......... * 0 Q * * Q O

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .................. ' 0 W * * 0 0

33 Primary Metal Industries ............... 8 22 32 14 Q 8 17 16

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills.......... 8 22 22 15 0 8 11 15

3334 Primary Aluminum .................. W 0 0 0 0 W 0 W

34 Fabricated Metal Products .............. 29 0 30 29 Q 47 0 Q

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....... 24 0 Q 28 * 0 0

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .... Q 0 * Q * 0 0*

37 Transportation Equipment .............. 19 0 W * W 31 Q 40

38 Instruments and Related Products ........ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........... * 0 0 * 0 0 0

	Total ............................. 5 22 35 13 W 8 16 W

 »glor

20 Food and Kindred Products ............. 28 0 W 32 Q 0 0

21 Tobacco Products .................... 19 0 0 0 15 0 0 21

22 Textile Mill Products .................. * 0 0 * * 0 0

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....... Q 0 0 0 0 0 OQ

24 Lumber and Wood Products ............ * 0 Q 0 Q 0 0

25 Furniture and Fixtures ................. Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q

26 Paper and Allied Products .............. 29 0 * W * 0 0 W

2621 Paper Mitts........................ 21 0 0 21 0 0 0

2631 Paperboard Mills .................... 33 0 0 0 * 0 0 33

27 Printing and Publishing ................ * 0 0 Q 0 0 0 Q

28 Chemicals and Allied Products........... 8 30 W 8 13 17 W 14

28/9 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...... 14 0 W W W W W

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......... 9 0 * W W 0 0 W

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....... 14 0 33 14 17 0 Q 19

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............... 10 0 0 11 W 0 0 W

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........... Q 0 Q 0 Q 0 0 Q

29? 7 Petroleum Refining .................. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....... * 0 * * * 0 0

31 Leather and Leather Products ........... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products.......... 30 0 W 34 * 0 Q

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .................. * 0 W 0 Q 0 0

33 Primary Metal Industries ............... 9 0 19 * Q W W W

33/2 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills.......... 10 0 14 * 0 W W

3334 Primary Aluminum .................. 11 0 0 0 0 W W 12

34 Fabricated Metal Products .............. 39 0 * Q 0 0 47

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....... 35 0 0 40 Q 47 0 Q

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .... 31 0 Q * * 47 34 31

37 Transportation Equipment .............. * 0 31 Q Q 0 0

38 Instruments and Related Products ........ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........... Q 0 0 Q 0 0 0 Q

	Total ............................. 4 30 22 8 13 W 12 W

South Census Region

See footnotes at end of table.

84 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 33. Relative Standard Errors for Table 2 of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

SIC 

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry Total

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other

20

21

22

23

24

25

26 

2621 

263*

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

West Census Region

Food and Kindred Products ............. 26 Q Q Q Q 35 W

Tobacco Products .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Textile Mill Products .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Apparel and Other Textile Products ....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lumber and Wood Products ............ 49 0 38 Q 38 0 0 60

Furniture and Fixtures ................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Paper and Allied Products .............. * 0 24 * * 0 0

PaperMiUs ........................ 0 0 0000 00

Paperboard Mills .................... * 0 24 0 * 0 0

Printing and Publishing ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Chemicals and Allied Products ........... 14 0 0 18 0 Of W W

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...... W 0 0 * 0 0 W *

Plastics Materials and Resins .......... * 0 0 * 0 0 0 0

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nac ....... 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 40

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............... 19 0 0 19 0 0 0 0

Petroleum and Coal Products ........... 1 Q Q Q 0 0 0 W

Petroleum Refining .................. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....... Q 0 0 0 0 0 OQ

Leather and Leather Products ........... Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q

Stone, Clay and Glass Products.......... * 0 39 * * 0 0 Q

Cement, Hydraulic .................. ' 0 0 0 0 0 0 *

Primary Metal Industries ............... 18 0 26 0 Q W W W

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills.......... 20 0 0 0 0 W W

Primary Aluminum .................. 11 0 0 0 0 13 0 12

Fabricated Metal Products .............. Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q

Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....... Q 0 Q Q Q 0 0 Q

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .... Q 0 0 0 0 0 OQ

Transportation Equipment .............. Q 0 Q Q Q 0 0 Q

Instruments and Related Products ........ * 0 0 * 0 0 0 Q

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

_______Total ............................._____2______Q______39 17____33______W______21 W

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

* Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

O-Wlthheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Dam are included In higher level totals. 

NA=Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," and Office of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Supply Division, Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" for 1988.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 85
Table 34. Relative Standard Errors for Table 3 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry

Total Net Electricity Residual Fuel Oil Distillate Fuel Oil Natural Gas

20 Food and Kindred Products .........

21 Tobacco Products ................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ...

24 Lumber and Wood Products ........

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........

2621 PaperMllls ....................

2631 Paperboard Mils ................

27 Printing and^ Publishing ............

29 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ...

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .....

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ...........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paper-board Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

	Total .........................

Total United States

4

10

4

11

10

8

3

3

5

7

4

7

7

9

8

4

4

4

14

4

5

4

5

6

5

6

4

5

10

8

2

7 

NA

9 

28 

30 

20

4

5 

11 

13

7 

12 

W 

14

*

10 

10

9 

W

6 

11

7

9 

W 

15 

10

9 

14 

19 

W

3

4

12

4

10

13

8

3

3

6

7

4

13

5

11

7

4

4

5

22

3

5

3

4

6

5

5

5

5

7

8

2

W 

10 

6 

33 

29 

23

4

5

7

28

8

10

W

15

0

6

6

W

31

16

Q

8

8

23

19

16

13

12

14

18

3

Northeast Census Region

9

NA 

12 

30 

32 

17

5 

W 

11 

14

11

12 

10 

21 

W

12

13 

11 

W

6 

10

6

6 

W

9 

12

9 

17 

13 

W

3

W 

NA 

12 

39 

Q 

39

5

6 

19 

39 

W 

15 

11 

25

0 

W 

W 

W 

38 

26 

Q

14

15

23

20

17

16

18

15

19

4

W 

18 

18 

22 

22 

33 

9 

5 

18 

20 

10 

W 

17

10

11

18

11

15

31

25

6

8

6

8

14

18

16

W

28

18

6

19 

NA 

27 

29 

Q 

37 

W 

W 

35 

24 

W 

43 

23 

13

*

41

12

22

32

19

12

19

10

21

19

24

21

16

33

21

3

12

5

16

12

8

3

3

6

8

6

W

W

12

9

5

5

5

12

4

9

3

4

6

6

9

5

6

9

11

2

8

NA 

15 

43 

32 

22

W

8 

15 

20

9

12

13

16

*

14

15

13

W

9

6

7 

W 

24 

13 

11 

16 

14 

W

4

See footnotes at end of table.

86 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 34. Relative Standard Errors for Table 3 of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry

LPG Coal Coke & Breeze Other

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

0241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ..........

Tobacco Products .................

Textile Mill Products ...............

Apparel and Other Textile Products 

Lumber and Wood Products .........

Furniture and Fixtures ..............

Paper and Allied Products ...........

Paper Mills .....................

Paperboard Mils .................

Printing and Publishing .............

Chemicals and Allied Products ........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

Plastics Materials and Resins .......

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

Petroleum and Coal Products ........

Petroleum Refining ...............

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products 

Leather and Leather Products ........

Stone. Clay and Glass Products ......

Cement, Hydraulic ...............

Primary Metal Industries ............

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

Primary Aluminum ...............

Fabricated Metal Products ...........

Industrial Machinery and Equipment 

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment . 

Transportation Equipment ...........

Instruments and Related Products 

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

Total ..........................

Food and Kindred Products ..........

Tobacco Products .................

Textile Mill Products ...............

Apparel and Other Textile Products 

Lumber and Wood Products .........

Furniture and Fixtures ..............

Paper and Allied Products ...........

Paper Mills .....................

Paperboard Mills.................

Printing and Publishing .............

Chemicals and Allied Products ........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

Plastics Materials and Resins .......

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

Petroleum and Coal Products ........

Petroleum Refining ...............

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products 

Leather and Leather Products ........

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

Cement, Hydraulic ...............

Primary Metal Industries ............

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

Primary Aluminum ...............

Fabricated Metal Products ...........

Industrial Machinery and Equipment 

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment. 

Transportation Equipment ...........

Instruments and Related Products 

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

Total .........................

Total United States

W 

15 

12 

37 

16 

19 

8

7

8

23

11

15

13

14

*

7

7

W

25

10

*

12 

14

8 

12 

15 

31 

13

Q 

39

5

W

NA

30

Q

33

Q

9

9

27

Q

W

W 

24 

0 

17 

17 

W

16

*

25

15

*

21 

32 

27 

43 

29 

27 

W

11

14

9

44

42

26

4

4

7

0

6

W

11

15

0

10

10

14

50

6

6

10

12

0

12

15

16

9

39

38

3

W 

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

22

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

35

18

5

6

0

24

Q

27

W

0

0

5

Northeast Census Region

W

NA

34

0

0

0

W

W

24

0

14

*

W

0

0

W

12

W

Q

10

10

24

16

0

30

35

33

23

39

47

9

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

17

18

13

13

0

43

0

29

0

0

0

13

22

*

15

39

13

19

4

4

5

18

7

9

16

10

11

4

4

15

*

10

12

5

5

13

26

18

16

12

22

25

3

24 

NA 

33

*

50 

Q 

W 

6

*

33 

W

*

17

25

*

W 

W 

30 

Q

19

21

10

11

37 

Q 

32

*

W

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 87
Table 34. Relative Standard Errors for Table 3 of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

sic

Code"

Industry Groups 

and Industry

Total Net Electricity Residual Fuel Oil Distillate Fuel Oil Natural Gas

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mils .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

33)2 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

	Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mils.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ...........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .......

	Total .........................

Midwest Census Region

7

NA 

NA 

20 

19 

13

4

5

9

10

6

W

W

13

17

7

7

7

27

7

10

6

7 

W

6

7 

7 

7

NA

13

3

6

11

4

12

13

12

4

4

6

12

5

8

9

10

11

5

5

6 

W 

6 

10 

7 

9 

9

8

9 

7 

6

NA 

W 

2

5

NA

NA

19

19

16

5

4

10

10

11

27

10

16

15

7

8 

7 

Q 

5 

9 

5

5 

W

6

7 

7 

7

NA

14

3

10 

NA 

NA 

Q 

Q 

35 

W 

W 

34 

Q 

W 

W 

15 

29 

0 

W 

W 

W 

Q 

37

10 

10

0 

35

Q 

29 

14 

NA

Q

8

South Census Region

7

12

4

11

11

11

5

6

7

13

5

15

7

14

10

6

6

7 

W 

5 

9 

6 

6

9

10

9

8

8

NA

W 

2

15 

10 

7 

Q 

W 

31

6

7

8 

43

8 

W 

W 

15

0 

W 

W

11

Q 

W 

17 

15 

15

0 

41 

31 

35 

20 

NA 

46

4

W

NA

NA

40

W

30

W

W

18

Q 

W 

10 

12 

28 

16 

40 

15 

26

Q 

W 

W

8

8 

14

18

19

20 

W 

NA 

40 

10

W 

18 

22 

40 

W 

49 

15 

8 

8 

24 

13 

W 

24 

16 

13 

W 

12 

22 

42 

W 

W 

13 

10 

12 

33 

Q 

19 

19 

NA 

42 

14

5

NA

NA

23

21

13

5

5

10

12

7

W

10

17

18

8

8

9

18

6

12

5

6 

W 

6 

8 

7 

9

NA

15

2

6

12

5

15

21

14

W

5

8

16

7

W

W

13

11

6

6

8

W

6

16

7

8

9

10

10

8

6

NA 

W 

4

See footnotes at end of table.

88 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 34. Relative Standard Errors for Table 3 of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

sic

Code*

Industry Groups 

and Industry

LPG Coal Coke & Breeze Other

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ..........

Tobacco Products .................

Textile Mill Products ...............

Apparel and Other Textile Products 

Lumber and Wood Products .........

Furniture and Fixtures ..............

Paper and Allied Products ...........

Paper Mills .....................

Paperboard Mills.................

Printing and Publishing ............

Chemicals and Allied Products ........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee .. ,

Plastics Materials and Resins .......

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

Petroleum and Coal Products ........

Petroleum Refining ...............

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products 

Leather and Leather Products ........

Stone, Clay and Glass Products

Cement, Hydraulic ...............

Primary Metal Industries ...........

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

Primary Aluminum ...............

Fabricated Metal Products ...........

Industrial Machinery and Equipment 

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment. 

Transportation Equipment ...........

Instruments and Related Products 

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

Total ..........................

Food and Kindred Products ..........

Tobacco Products .................

Textile Mill Products ...............

Apparel and Other Textile Products 

Lumber and Wood Products .........

Furniture and Fixtures ..............

Paper and Allied Products ..........

Paper Mills .....................

Paperboard Mills.................

Printing and Publishing .............

Chemicals and Allied Products ........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee . ..

Plastics Materials and Resins .......

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........

Petroleum and Coal Products ........

Petroleum Refining ...............

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products 

Leather and Leather Products ........

Stone, Clay and Glass Products

Cement, Hydraulic ...............

Primary Metal Industries ...........

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

Primary Aluminum ...............

Fabricated Metal Products ..........

Industrial Machinery and Equipment 

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment 

Transportation Equipment ..........

Instruments and Related Products ....

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .......

Total .........................

Midwest Census Region

Q 

NA 

NA

O 

W 

34 

14

5 

12 

24 

W

*

W 

24

*

W 

W 

W 

44 

17

*

11

20

*

21 

24 

28 

W 

NA

*

W

W 

15 

11 

33 

17 

25 

18

8

9 

29 

W 

20

17

18

14

12

13 

Q 

16

*

14

11

*

22 

22 

Q

14

NA

Q

7

15 

NA 

NA

Q 

Q 

46

6

6 

10

0

9 

18 

W 

17

0 

W 

W 

W 

Q 

12

9

13

14

0

13

16

22

10

NA

38

5

South Census Region

11 

14

9 

50

Q 

30

5

6

9

0

8

W

W

24

0

W

W

24

0

10

12

W

W

0

28

Q

25

19

NA

0

W

W

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

*

7 

7 

0 

35 

Q 

0 

W 

NA 

0 

7

41

0

*

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

28

11

12 

0 

47 

47 

Q

NA 

0

11

20 

NA 

NA

*

28 

33 

W 

7 

16 

28 

W

*

W 

25 

22

7 

W 

27 

O 

W 

W 

7 

7

22 

21 

29 

19 

15 

NA

*

W

25

*

17 

Q 

16 

21 

W

5

6 

25 

W 

W 

W 

11 

13

5

5 

22

Q 

13 

W 

W 

W

*

28

32

*

22 

NA

46 

W

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 89
Table 35. Relative Standard Errors for Table 4 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry Total Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper MSIs .....................

263) Paperboard Mils .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

324* Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

33)2 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment,

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .......

 Total .........................

Total United States

4

11

4

11

8

8

2

3

4

7

4

7

7

9

9

4

5

4

14

3

5

3

5

6

5

6

4

5

10

8

7 

NA

9 

28 

33 

17

4

4 

11 

13

7 

12 

W 

14

10 

10

9 

W

7 

11

7

9 

W 

15 

10

9 

14 

19 

W

3

4

8

4

10

8

8

3

3

5

7

4

13

5

7

7

4

4

5

22

3

5

3

4

6

5

5

5

5

7

8

2

9

NA 

12 

30 

24 

17

5 

W 

11 

14

11

12 

10 

21 

28 

11 

11 

11 

W

6 

10

6

6 

W

9 

12

9 

16 

13 

W

3

W 

10 

6 

33 

29 

23

4

5

7

28

9

10

W

16

0

7

6

W

31

16

Q

8

8

23

19

16

13

12

14

18

W 

18 

18 

22 

22 

33 

9 

5 

18 

20 

10 

W 

20

10

11

20

*

15

31

25

6

8

6

8

14

18

16

W

28

18

3

12 

5

16

12 

8 

3 

3 

6 

8 

6 

W 

W

12 

9 

5 

5 

5

12 

4 

9

3

4

6

6

9

5

6

9

11

W

15

12

37

16

19

8

7

8

23

11

15

13

15

*

12

*

W 

25 

10

*

12 

14

8 

12 

15 

31 

13

Q 

39

6

Northeast Census Region

W 

NA 

12 

39 

Q 

39

5

6 

19 

39 

W 

15 

11 

25

0 

W 

W 

W 

38 

26

Q

14

15

23

20

17

16

18

15

19

4

19 

NA 

27 

29 

Q 

37 

W 

W 

35 

24 

W 

43 

33 

13

*

42 

W 

22 

32

19

12

19

10

21

19

24

21

16

33

21

8

NA 

15 

43 

32 

22 

W

8 

15 

20

9

12

13

16

*

14

15

13

W

9

*

6

7 

W 

24 

13 

11 

16 

14 

W

4

W

NA

30

Q

33

Q

9

9

27

Q

W

*

W 

24 

0 

Q 

17 

W

*

16

*

25

15

*

21 

32 

27 

43 

29 

27 

W

11

14

9

44

42

26

4

4

7

0

6

W

11

15

0

10

10

14

50

6

6

10

12

0

12

15

16

9

39

38

W

NA

34

0

0

0

W

W

24

0

14

*

W

0

0

W

12

W

Q

10

10

24

16

0

30 

35 

33 

23 

39 

47

W 

0

*

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

36

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

35

18

6

7

0 

24

Q 

27 

W

0

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

17

18

21

22

0

43

0

29

0

0

0

20

15

*

14

40

17

37

4

4

6

19

9

13

26

13

28

5

5

18

*

12

15

9

11

13

28

14

17

12

21

31

24 

NA 

31

Q 

Q 

W 

8

*

34 

W

*

24

25

*

15 

W 

Q 

Q 

26 

18 

23 

18

49

W

See footnotes at end of table.

92 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 35. Relative Standard Errors for Table 4 of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry Total Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing ............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee . ..

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment . 37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

	Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .......

 Total .........................

Midwest Census Region

7

NA

NA

20

18

13

4

4

8

10

6

W

W

13

17

7

7

7

27

6

9

5

6 

W

6

7 

7 

7

NA 

13

5

11

4

12

11

11

4

4

6

12

5

8

9

10

11 

6 

6 

6

W 

6

10 

6 

9 

9

8

9 

7 

6

NA 

W 

2

5

NA 

NA

19

19

16

5

5

10

10

11

27

10

15

15

7

8 

7 

Q 

5 

9 

5

5 

W

6

7 

7 

7

NA 

14

7

8

4

11

11

11

4

5

6

13

4

14

6

8

10

5

6

7 

W 

5 

9 

6 

6

9

10

9

8

8

NA

W 

2

10 

NA 

NA 

0 

0 

35 

W 

W 

34 

Q 

W 

W 

15 

29 

0 

W 

W 

W

o

37

*

10 

10

0 

35

Q 

29 

14 

NA

Q 

11

W 

NA 

NA 

40 

W 

30 

W 

W 

16 

O 

W 

10 

12 

28 

16 

42 

W 

26 

O 

W 

W 

8 

8 

14

18

19

20 

W 

NA 

40 

11

5

NA 

NA 

23 

21 

13

5

5 

10 

12

7 

W 

10

17

18

8

8

9

18

6

12

5

6 

W 

6 

8 

7 

9

NA 

15

Q

NA 

NA

Q 

W 

34 

14

5 

12 

24 

W

*

W

W 

W 

W 

44 

17

*

11

20

*

21 

24 

28 

W 

NA

W

South Census Region

15 

10 

7 

Q 

W 

31

6

7

8 

43

8 

W 

W 

18

0 

W 

W 

11

Q 

W 

17 

15 

15

0 

41 

31 

35 

20 

NA 

46

4

W 

18 

22 

40 

W 

49 

15 

8 

8 

24 

13 

W 

24 

17 

13 

W 

W 

22 

42 

W 

W 

13 

10 

12 

33 

Q 

19 

19 

NA 

42 

14

6

12 

5

15

21

14

W 

5 

8

16 

7

W 

W

13

11 

6 

6 

8

W

6

16

7

8

9

10

10

8

6

NA

W

4

W 

15 

11 

33 

17 

25 

18

8

9 

29 

W 

20

17

18

13 

Q 

16

*

14

11

*

22

22

Q

14

NA

Q

8

15

NA

NA

Q

Q

46

6

6 

10

0

9 

18 

W 

17

0 

W 

W 

W

Q 

12

9

13

14 

0 

13 

18 

22 

10 

NA 

38

11 

14

9 

50

Q 

30

5

6

9

0

8

W

W

24

0

W

W

24

0

10

12

W

W

0

28

Q

25

19

NA

0

W

W

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

29 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

W

*

7

8 

0

35

Q

0

W

NA 

0 

7

41

0

*

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Q

28

13

15

0

47

47

Q

*

NA

0

13

21 

NA 

NA

*

42

*

8

8

18

30

13

t

W 

31 

Q 

8 

W 

34 

Q 

W 

W 

11 

14 

22 

22 

15 

23 

13 

NA

31

*

15 

Q 

18 

49 

W 

6 

8 

25 

11 

15 

W 

14 

29 

7 

7 

23 

Q 

19 

W 

W 

W

*

33

34

*

27

NA

Q

W

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 93
Table 35. Relative Standard Errors for Table 4 of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

sic

Code*

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other

20 Food and Kindred Products .........

21 Tobacco Products ................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products ........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paparboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ..

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ...

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .......

2911 Petroleum Refining ..............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products .......

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .....

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ..............

33 Primary Metal Industries ...........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ......

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ..........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment...

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment

37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total .........................

West Census Region

6 

0 

25 

33 

15 

NA

5

6 

9

17 

9

W 

7

31

16 

7 

7

14

36 

6 

8 

6

14

8

12

30

11

9

13

21

3

7

0 

49 

37 

12 

NA

6 

W 

10 

18 

11 

16

9 

25 

13

6

7

20

37

7

8

7

18

8

12

17

12

9

14

21

3

W

0

0

0

Q

NA

W

W

12

0

W

W

26

0

0

W

W

46

0

W

16

21

22 

0 

0 

0 

0

W*

0

8

21 

0

23 

0 

19 

NA 

12 

10 

19 

Q 

26 

13 

19 

31 

24 

W 

W 

Q 

Q 

19 

13 

19 

13 

9 

34 

36 

41 

W 

40 

Q 

9

6 

0 

21 

38 

19 

NA

6

7

11

21

11

17

7

34

18

8

9

18

38

8

11

9

13

9

12

44

14

8

17

27

4

W

0

Q

Q

W

NA

14

7

10

45

22

W 

W 

50 

Q 

22

17

*

11

24

34

*

W

9

W 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA

W

W

33

0

20

20

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

9

W

W

0

0

0

0

31

0

0

W

W 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

36

30

22

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

16

22

0

Q

26

NA

W

9

11

Q

W

9 

9 

Q 

Q 

W 

33 

W 

W*

Q 

43

O 

16 

28

Q 

W

* Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q-Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

NA-Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey."

94 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 36. Relative Standard Errors for Table 5 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

Code"

Industry Groups 

and Industry Residual Fuel Oil Distillate Fuel Oil LPG

20 Food and Kindred Products .........

21 Tobacco Products ................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ...

24 Lumber and Wood Products ........

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........

2621 Paper Mills ....................

2631 Paperboard Mills ................

27 Printing and Publishing ............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .......

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ..

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee . ..

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .......

2911 Petroleum Refining ..............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products .......

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .....

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ..............

33 Primary Metal Industries ...........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ......

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ..........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment...

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment

37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .......

	Total .........................

6

12

5

24

Q

30

4

4

7

25

6

12

14

11

20

63

NA

8

Q

7

12

8

8

W

16

15

15

10

17

22

3

8

16

8

47

20

23

8

5

19

17

8

9

40

12

16

Q

NA

10

45

10

9

7

6

10

10

14

10

8

14

26

14

10

10

8

30

16

16

11

4

11

18

19

17

15

22

21

34

NA

12

32

8

17

8

6

9

9

14

23

7

31

16

18

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. 

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included In higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

NA=Not available. Data included In higher levels totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 95
Table 37. Relative Standard Errors for Table 6 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry

Consumption per 

Employee

Consumption per

Dollar of Value

Added

Consumption per

Dollar of Value of

Shipments

Major Byproducts

as a Percent of

Consumption

Fuel Oil as a

Percent of

Natural Gas

20 Food and Kindred Products .........

21 Tobacco Products ................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........

2621 Paper Mills ....................

2631 Paperboard Mils ................

27 Printing and Publishing ............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .......

2911 Petroleum Refining ..............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products .......

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

33*2 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment,

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 All Manufacturing ................

20 Food and Kindred Products .........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

263) Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 All Manufacturing ...............

Total United States

5

7

4

10

15

6

7

2

2

7

6

8

8

7

6

6

2

4

14

6

2

5

2

1

5

6

5

4

10

9

2

10

NA

10

21

42

15

10

3

8

13

15

15

W

7

13

16

4

8

W

8

8

14

6

W

14

8

10

10

19

W

5

5

6

4

14

15

e

6

1

2

7

8

7

5

5

5

3

3

4

14

6

2

5

3

3

6

7

5

4

9

8

2

5

6

4

14

13

6

6

1

2

6

6

6

5

5

5

2

2

4

12

6

2

5

2

2

7

7

5

3

9

8

2

Northeast Census Region

6 

NA

9 

20 

35 

18

9

2

6 

13 

21 

12 

W

8 

35 

10

8

8 

W

9

7 

12

6 

W 

11 

17

9 

11 

18 

W

5

7

NA 

11 

26 

33 

17

9

2

3 

14 

17 

11 

W

8 

13

5

I

7 

W

8

5

11

6

W

12

12

II

8

18

W

5

19

0

35

0

0

0

2

2

2

0

8

14

13

8

15

2

2

24

0

0

0

3

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W

5 

0 

0

25 

0 

W 

39 

0 

W 

W 

26 

0 

0 

0

6 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5

W 

12 

7 

25 

23 

26

4

5

7

18

9

W

W

18

11

7

7

W

30

19

21

6

6

5

13

16

11

W

15

15

3

W 

NA 

17 

48 

Q 

34 

W 

W 

18 

28 

W 

15 

12 

28

5 

W 

W 

W 

W 

18 

32 

10 

12 

W 

27 

18 

16

8 

19 

W

5

See footnotes at end of table.

96 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 37. Relative Standard Errors for Table 6 of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

sic

Code'

Industry Groups 

and Industry

Consumption per 

Employee

Consumption per

Dollar of Value

Added

Consumption per

Dollar of Value of

Shipments

Major Byproducts

as a Percent of

Consumption

Fuel Oil as a

Percent of

Natural Gas

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2821 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3372 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 All Manufacturing ................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2637 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2879 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

291 1 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3247 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries .............

3372 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ............

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

	All Manufacturing ...............

Midwest Census Region

8

NA 

NA 

17 

25

9

10

3

5

11

17

W

W

10

14

16

2

6

18

10

4

7

3

W

6

5

8

6

NA 

11

8

7

4

12

19

8

9

2

3

11

9

10 

9 

6 

8 

5 

2 

8

W

12 

4 

9 

4 

2

10 

8

8

9

NA 

W 

4

7

NA 

NA 

46 

21

9 

13

2

3 

11 

15 

W 

W 

11 

7 

7 

3 

5 

24 

9 

3 

6 

4 

W 

6 

6 

9 

5

NA 

11

8

NA 

NA 

38 

20

9

14

2

3 

10 

13 

W 

W 

9 

7 

4 

2 

5 

19 

9 

3 

5 

3 

W 

6

6

7 

4

NA 

11

South Census Region

7 

6 

5 

15 

18 

8 

7 

2 

2 

13 

6 

8 

6 

6 

6 

4 

4 

7 

W 

10 

3 

7

3

4 

10 

8 

8 

6

NA 

W 

3

6

6

4

14

18

10

7

2

2

11

5

6 

6 

5 

5 

2 

2 

5

W

12 

3 

9 

4 

2

18

9

9

5

NA

W 

3

19 

NA 

NA

0

0

0 

W

5 

17

0 

W

0 

W 

23 

17

2

2

0

0

0

0

3 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

0

0 

0

35 

0 

0 

0 

2 

2 

2 

0 

W 

W 

W 

8 

20 

2

2

37 

0 

0 

0 

W

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

0 

2

W 

NA 

NA 

45 

W 

25 

W 

W 

31 

37 

W 

W 

16 

25 

13 

W 

W 

W 

49 

W 

W 

7 

7 

W 

24 

19 

23 

W 

NA 

39

W 

12

9 

37 

W 

41 

W

7 

10 

31

9 

W 

W 

18 

13 

W 

W

11 

W 

W 

W

12

9

7

30

50

17

17

NA

W

6

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 97
Table 37. Relative Standard Errors for Table 6 of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

sic

Code'

Industiy Groups 

and Industry

Consumption per 

Employee

Consumption per

Dollar of Value

Added

Consumption per

Dollar of Value of

Shipments

Major Byproducts

as a Percent of

Consumption

Fuel Oil as a

Percent of

Natural Gas

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2879

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

324 1

33

3372

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ..........

Tobacco Products .................

Textile Mill Products ...............

Apparel and Other Textile Products 

Lumber and Wood Products .........

Furniture and Fixtures ..............

Paper and Allied Products ...........

Paper Mills .....................

Paperboard Mills.. ...............

Printing and Publishing .............

Chemicals and Allied Products ........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

Plastics Materials and Resins .......

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

Petroleum and Coal Products ........

Petroleum Refining ...............

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products 

Leather and Leather Products ........

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

Cement, Hydraulic ...............

Primary Metal Industries ............

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

Primary Aluminum ...............

Fabricated Metal Products ...........

Industrial Machinery and Equipment 

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment . 

Transportation Equipment ...........

Instruments and Related Products 

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

All Manufacturing ................

11 

0 

23 

23 

32 

NA 

30

3

4 

14 

23 

W

7 

21 

12

6

4 

15 

41 

11

2 

13 

12

1

17 

29

9

5 

12 

25

6

West Census Region

13

0

12

25

30

NA

15

3

3

13

15

W

7

12

19

6

6

18

36

16

4

22

13

4

22

32

8

5

12

21

6

12 

0 

24 

28 

25 

NA 

13

2

3 

11 

17 

W

5 

12 

14

5

5 

19 

33 

15

4 

20 

13

2 

12 

32

7

6 

11 

21

5

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA

W

4

4

0

W

W

0

0

32

W

W

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

4

W

0 

25

0 

24 

NA 

W 

W 

12 

Q 

W 

W 

15 

36 

29 

W 

W 

41 

47 

W 

11 

15 

15

7 

35

Q 

42 

W 

40 

Q

6

" See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. 

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q-Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

NA-Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey,* and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures" and the "1987 Census of Manufactures.'

98 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 38. Relative Standard Errors for Table 7 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

Economic 

Characteristics* Total

Net 

Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars) 

Under 20 .............. 3

20-49 ................. 3

50-99 ................. 3

100-249 ............... 3

250-499 ............... 3

500 and Over ........... 4

Not ascertained ......... 0

Total .................. 2

14

11

5

4

5

5

0

3

12

8

11

8

7

6

0

6

15

9

9

12

11

16

0

10

12

6

6

5

6

6

0

3

23

17

8

12

15

7

0

6

11

14

10

5

5

4

0

2

Employment Size

Under 50 ..............

50-99 .................

100-249 ...............

250-499 ...............

500-999 ...............

1 ,000 and Over .........

Not ascertained .........

Total ..................

5

4

3

3

3

4

0

2

6

5

3

3

3

3

0

2

16

20

6

5

4

4

0

3

17

10

7

9

11

5

0

6

7

5

5

4

3

5

0

2

21

14

9

11

11

22

0

10

30

18

4

7

6

5

0

3

38

46

16

14

12

6

0

6

10

14

7

5

5

5

0

2

 Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," Office of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Supply Division, Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" for 1988, and Bureau of the Census, Industry 

Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures" and the "1987 Census of Manufactures."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 99
Table 39. Relative Standard Errors for Table 8 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

Economic Characteristics' Total

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars)

Under 20 .................

20-49 ....................

50-99 ....................

100-249 ..................

250-499 ..................

500 and Over ..............

Not ascertained ............

Total .....................

15

7

9

9

10

8

1

3

Q

24 

W 

Q 

W 

W 

0

25

33

36

19

22

32

18

0

18

15

10

12

16

13

12

0

7

47

25

22

13

12

17

0

11

23

13 

13 

W 

W

7

0

6

42

16 

13 

W 

18 

W 

0

24

16

28

16

18

18

1

1

Employment Size

Under 50 ................

50-99 ...................

100-249 .................

250-499 .................

500-999 .................

1 ,000 and Over ...........

Not ascertained ...........

Total ....................

. . . . 13

. . . . 15

.... 9

. . . . 10

. . . . 7

.... 8

. . . . 1

. . . . 3

Q

38

W

0

Q

W

0

25

41

29

W

30

30

W

0

18

16

13

16

15

10

17

0

7

33

Q

11

12

11

24

0

11

19

38

13

14

12

7

0

6

Q

Q

13

16

14

11

0

9

38

32

21

24

21

17

1

1

* Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A.

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Q-Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey,' Office of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Supply Division, Form EIA-810, 'Monthly Refinery Report" for 1988, and Bureau of the Census, Industry 

Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures" and the "1987 Census of Manufactures."

100 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 40. Relative Standard Errors for Table 9 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

Economic 

Characteristics* Total

Net

Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars)

Under 20 ................

20-49 ...................

50-99 ...................

100-249 .................

250-499 .................

500 and Over .............

Total ....................

Employment Size

Under 50 ................

50-99 ...................

100-249 .................

250-499 .................

500-999 .................

1 ,000 and Over ...........

Total ....................

3

3

3

3

3

3

2

5

4

3

3

3

3

2

3

3

3

3

4

3

2

6

5

3

3

3

3

2

9

12

6

4

5

5

3

16

23

6

5

4

4

3

12

8

11

8

7

6

6

18

10

7

9

11

5

6

4

3

3

4

3

5

2

7

4

4

3

3

5

2

15

8

7

6

10

8

5

23

11

8

6

7

11

5

13

7

5

5

6

7

3

38

18

4

8

5

4

3

26

22

10

13

11

6

5

42

Q

22

18

13

6

5

11

14

8

4

4

4

3

11

13

7

4

4

4

3

* Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A. 

Q= With held because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures* and the '1987 Census of Manufactures."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 101
Table 41. Relative Standard Errors for Table 10 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

Economic Characteristics*

Total Electricity

Residual

Fuel Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal

Coke and

Breeze Other

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

Under 20 .................

20-49 ....................

50-98 ....................

100-249 ..................

250-499 ..................

500 and Over ..............

Total .....................

9

12

6

5

5

5

3

12

8

11

8

7

7

6

15

8

8

5

8

6

6

13

7

5

5

6

7

3

26

22

11

18

17

7

6

10

12

12

8

8

7

4

Employment Size 

Under 50 .................

50-99 ....................

100-249 ..................

250-499 ..................

500-999 ..................

Total .....................

.... 5

. . . . 4

.... 3

.... 3

. .. . 2

.... 3

. . .. 2

6

5

3

2

3

3

2

17

24

6

5

4

4

3

18

10

7

9

11

5

6

7

4

4

3

3

5

2

29

11

9

7

7

6

6

38

18

4

8

5

4

3

42

Q

22

18

18

6

6

14

15

8

7

6

7

4

 Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A. 

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures" and the "1987 Census of Manufactures.'

102 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 42. Relative Standard Errors for Table 11, of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

Residual

Selected Characteristics Fuel Oil

Census Region

Northeast .............................................................. 4

Midwest ............................................................... 5

South ................................................................. 5

West ................................................................. 6

Total ................................................................ 3

Value of Shipments and Receipts* (million dollars)

Under 20 .............................................................. 13

20-49 ................................................................. 8

50-99 ................................................................. 6

100-249 ............................................................... 4

250-499 ............................................................... 4

500 and Over ........................................................... 6

Total ................................................................ 3

Employment Size*

Under 50 .............................................................. 31

50-99 ................................................................. 18

100-249 ............................................................... 6

250-499 ............................................................... 5

500-999 ............................................................... 4

1 ,000 and Over ......................................................... 4

Total ................................................................ 3

Distillate

Fuel Oil LPG

37 7

5 13

6 21

0 11

14 18

9 10

6 6

48 5

6 16

8 13

6 22

14 18

48 15

12 15

8 11

5 16

7 12

4 24

14 18

* Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size data were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A.

Source: Energy Information Administration. Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey' and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures" and the "1987 Census of Manufactures.'

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 103
Table 43. Relative Standard Errors for Table 12 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

Economic Characteristics*

Consumption per 

Employee

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value 

Added

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value of 

Shipments

Major Byproducts 

as a Percent of 

Consumption

Fuel Oil as a 

Percent of 

Natural Gas

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars)

Under 20 .................

20-49 ....................

50-99 ....................

100-249 ..................

250-499 ..................

500 and Over ..............

All Manufacturing ...........

15

18

7

4

3

2

2

10

8

6

5

5

6

3

Employment Size 

Under 50 ....................

50-99 .......................

100-249 .....................

250-499 .....................

500-999 .....................

1 ,000 and Over ...............

6

7

6

5

5

4

2

6

7

5

5

5

4

2

6

6

5

4

5

4

2

14

19

5

4

3

2

2

17

14

6

5

5

6

3

* Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form E1A-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey,* and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the '1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures,* and the "1967 Census of Manufactures.'

104 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 44. Relative Standard Errors for Table 13 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

Code'

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total

Blast 

Furnance/ 

Coke Oven

Gases

Waste Gas

Petroleum 

Coke

Pulping 

Liquor

Wood 

Chips, Bark Other"

Total United States

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ..............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

	Total ..........................

48

19

Q

14

20

4

4

6

9 

13 

29 

12 

15

4

4 

26

Q 

12 

14

5

6

12

35

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

29

29

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

5

5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

11

15

15

13

15

4

4

24

0

0

0

34

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

4

0

0

0

0

0

0

13

20

18

0

23

0

0

0

0

7

7

0

0

11

12

24

*

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

6

0

0

0

0

0

0

4

4

6

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

4

Q 

0

21 

0

14

21 

4 

4 

6 

0 

Q 

0 

Q

W 

0 

0 

0

49 

Q 

Q

29

0

*

Q 

0

*

Q 

Q

*

6

26

16

19 

21 

W 

W

38

25

Q

33

33

9

8

*

Q

12 

38 

Q

13

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. See Appendix A. 

d 'Other* includes waste oils/tars and waste materials.

* Estimates less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

O-Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: -Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. -The estimates presented in this table are for the total consumption of energy 

for the production of heat and power, regardless of where the energy was produced. Specifically, the estimates include the quantities of energy that were originally 

produced offsite and purchased by or transferred to the establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy or input materials not classified as 

energy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 105
Table 45. Relative Standard Errors for Table 14 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

SIC 

CodeIndustry Groups and Industry Purchases Transfers In

Total Onsite 

Generation

Sales and/or 

Transfers Offsite

Net Demand for 

Electricity

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

	Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment ,

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .......

	Total .........................

4 

8 

4 

10 

8 

8 

3 

3 

5 

7 

3 

W 

W 

7 

7

4 

W

5 

22 

W

5

3

4 

W

5 

5 

5 

W

7

8

2

W 

NA 

12 

30 

25 

17 

W 

W 

11 

14 

W 

W 

10 

22 

28 

W 

11 

11 

W 

W 

10 

W 

W 

W

9 

12

9 

16 

14 

W

3

Total United States

27

0

42

0

Q

0

15

15

0

0

23

W

W

22

0

0

W

Q

0

W

0

11

11

W

24

Q

30

W

Q

0

12

3

W

6

Q

13

S

1

1

1

Q 

1 

1 

7

1 

W

2 

2

21 

6 

3

W 

3 

1

*

W

10

15

4

W

Q

1

Northeast Census Region

W

NA

0

0

Q

0

W

W

0

0

W

W

0

36

0

0

0

0

0

W

0

W

W

0

0

Q

O

0

Q

0

14

2

NA 

W 

Q 

W 

W 

1

I

12 

W 

14 

W 

W 

W

0 

W 

W 

W 

W

II

0 

W

1

0

g 

w 

w 

w 

w

Q 

3

8

w

16 

Q 

22 

42 

2

2

3 

Q

2 

W 

13

3

W

2

2

Q

Q

18

W

5

6 

W 

W

26

27

11

Q

0

2

29

NA 

W 

0 

Q 

Q 

2 

1 

1

W

20

0

W

W

0

W

W

Q

Q

Q

0

W

W

W

Q

W

W

W

Q

0

4

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X

See footnotes at end of table.

106 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 45. Relative Standard Errors for Table 14 of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

sic

Code"

Industry Groups 

and Industry Purchases Transfers In

Total Onsite 

Generation

Sales and/or 

Transfers Offsite

Net Demand for 

Electricity

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

33)2 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

262? Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

28? 9 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

33)2 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ..........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ...

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment

37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .......

	Total .........................

5

NA 

NA 

19 

19 

16 

W 

W 

10 

10

7 

W 

10 

17 

15

7

8 

7 

Q 

5 

9

5 

W 

W

6

7

7

W

NA

14

2

W

8

4

11

11

11

4

W

6

13 

W

14

W

8

10

5

6

7 

W 

5

9 

W 

W 

W

10

9

8

8

NA

W 

2

Midwest Census Region

20

NA

NA

0

0

0

W

W

0

0

26

W

0

40

0

0

0

Q

0

0

0

16

W

W

28

47

37

W

NA

0

16

2

NA

NA

Q

W

16

1

1

5 

Q

3 

W 

W

2 

W 

W 

W 

44

1

W 

W

1

1

W

2 

W 

W 

NA

South Census Region

W 

0

42 

0

Q 

0

Q

W 

0 

0

W*

W 

27 

0 

Q 

0 

Q 

0 

45 

0 

W 

W 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA

0

12

4

W

W

0

39

W

1

1

1

Q 

1 

1 

9 

1

W 

1 

1

W

W

23

0

1

W

0

22

30

W

W

NA

5

NA

NA

Q

0 

48

9 

W

5 

Q 

17

0 

W

1

0 

W 

W

0

0 

W 

W

8 

10 

W 

W 

28 

Q 

14 

NA

0

5

5 

W 

W

0 

Q

1

1

1

0

2

1 

15

3 

W

2

2 

W 

0

o

0

3 

3 

W

0

W

W

NA

0

2

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 107
Table 45. Relative Standard Errors for Table 14 of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

sic

Code"

Industry Groups 

and Industry Purchases Transfers In

Total Onsite 

Generation

Sales and/or 

Transfers Offsite

Net Demand for 

Electricity

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee . . .

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

	Total ..........................

7

0

49 

37 

12 

NA

6 

W 

10 

18 

W 

W

9 

25 

13 

W 

W 

20 

W

7

8

7 

W

8

13

17

12

9

14

21

3

West Census Region

Q 

0 

0 

0

Q 

NA

42 

0 

0 

0

W

W 

0 

0 

0

W

W 

0 

0 

Q 

0 

Q

W 

0

47 

0 

0 

0

39 

0

36

7

0

0

*

14 

NA

2

3

3 

W

5 

W

0 

W 

W

9

10 

W

0 

W 

W 

W 

W

0 

W 

W 

W 

17 

W

0

3

12

0

0

0

24

NA

4

W

6

Q

10

W

0

W

W

3

10

0

0

W

W

W

W

0

W

W

W

0

0

0

6

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X

" See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. 

' Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

NA=Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

X=Relative Standard Errors for Net Demand could not be calculated due to sampling methodology.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey."

108 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 46. Relative Standard Errors for Table 15 of Detailed Statistics

(Percent)

Economic 

Characteristics* Purchases Transfers In Onsite Generation

Sales/Transfers 

Ottsite Net Demand

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars)

Under 20 .........................

20-49 ............................

50-99 ............................

100-249 ..........................

250-499 ..........................

500 and Over ......................

Total .............................

Employment Size

Under 50 .........................

50-99 ............................

100-249 ..........................

250-499 ..........................

500-999 ..........................

1,000 and Over ....................

Total .............................

....... 3

....... 3

....... 3

....... 3

....... 3

....... 3

....... 2

....... 6

....... 5

....... 3

....... 3

....... 3

....... 2

....... 2

33

26

28

17

18

10

12

41

20

34

18

15

14

12

8

5

5

2

1

1

1

9

6

5

1

1

1

1

20

8

13

2

2

2

2

3

4

7

4

3

2

2

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. 

X-Relative Standard Error could not be calculated due to sampling methodology.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey,* and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the '1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures' and the "1987 Census of Manufactures.*

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 109
Table 47. Relative Standard Errors for Table 16 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

Code'

Industry Groups 

and Industry

Total 

Purchased

Utility 

Supplier

Nonutillty 

Supplier

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33 

33)2 

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ..........

Tobacco Products .................

Textile Mill Products ...............

Apparel and Other Textile Products 

Lumber and Wood Products ........

Furniture and Fixtures ..............

Paper and Allied Products ...........

Paper Mills .....................

Paperboard Mills .................

Printing and Publishing .............

Chemicals and Allied Products ........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ..,

Plastics Materials and Resins .......

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

Petroleum and Coal Products ........

Petroleum Refining ...............

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products 

Leather and Leather Products ........

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

Cement, Hydraulic ...............

Primary Metal Industries ...........

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

Primary Aluminum ...............

Fabricated Metal Products ...........

Industrial Machinery and Equipment 

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment , 

Transportation Equipment ...........

Instruments and Related Products 

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

Total ..........................

4

8

4 

10 

8 

8 

3 

3 

5 

7 

3 

W 

W 

7 

7

4 

W

5 

22 

W

5

3

4 

W

5 

5 

5 

W

7

8

2

4 

8 

4

10 

8

W 

3

W 

S 

7

4 

W

5 

7 

W 

W

4

5 

22 

W 

W 

3 

W 

W 

5 

5 

5 

W

7

8

2

26

0

0

0

42

W

17

W

33

Q

15

27

W

40

W

W

W

0

Q

W

W

33

W

0

Q

0

0

22

0

0

12

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Classification system. 

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included In higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-646, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey."

110 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 48. Relative Standard Errors for Table 17 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

Selected Characteristics Total Purchased Utility Supplier Nonutility Supplier

Census Region 

Northeast ... 

Midwest ....

South ......

West ......

Total .....

Value of Shipments and Receipts* (million dollars)

48

24

35

13

12

20-49 ...........................................

50-99 ...........................................

100-249 .........................................

250-499 .........................................

500 and Over .....................................

Total ..........................................

Employment Size"

Under 50 ........................................

50-99 ...........................................

100-249 .........................................

250-499 ..........................................

500-999 .........................................

1 ,000 and Over ...................................

Total ..........................................

...................... 3

...................... 3

...................... 3

...................... 3

...................... 3

...................... 2

...................... 6

...................... 5

...................... 3

...................... 3

...................... 3

...................... 2

...................... 2

3

3

3

W

W

2

6

W

3

3

3

W

2

16

19

33

W

W

12

41

W

28

20

19

W

12

* Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. 

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures" and the "1987 Census of Manufactures.'

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 111
Table 49. Relative Standard Errors for Table 18 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

SIC 

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry

Steam

Total 

Purchased

Utility 

Supplier

Nonutillty 

Supplier

20 Food and Kindred Products ........

21 Tobacco Products ...............

22 Textile Mill Products .............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ..

24 Lumber and Wood Products .......

25 Furniture and Fixtures ............

26 Paper and Allied Products .........

2621 Paper Mills ...................

2631 Paperboard Mills...............

27 Printing and Publishing ...........

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ......

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee .

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .....

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ..

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ..........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ......

2911 Petroleum Refining .............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ..

31 Leather and Leather Products ......

32 Stone. Clay and Glass Products ....

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............

33 Primary Metal Industries ..........

3372 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .....

3334 Primary Aluminum .............

34 Fabricated Metal Products .........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ..

36 Electric and Other Electric Equipment

37 Transportation Equipment .........

38 Instruments and Related Products .. .

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ......

	Total ........................

16 

W 

20 

46 

29

Q

9 

11 

17 

34 

11 

19 

10 

17 

30 

12 

12 

23

Q 

42

0 

14 

W

0 

38 

35 

37 

18

Q 

42

6

18 

W 

33 

Q 

Q 

Q 

10 

10 

19 

36 

17 

21 

13 

25 

W 

15 

15 

34 

0 

45 

0 

28 

W 

0 

33 

38 

37 

18 

Q 

Q 

8

24

0

19

Q

32

0

17

24

41

Q

13

22

15

23

W

18

18

30

Q

45

0

16

W

0

Q

Q

0

24

0

Q

8

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption 

Survey."

112 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 50. Relative Standard Errors for Table 19 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

Selected Characteristics

Steam

Total 

Purchased

Utility 

Supplier

Nonutility Supplier

Census Region 

Northeast 

Midwest ....

South ......

West ......

Total .....

13

8

9

12

6

Value of Shipments and Receipts* 

(million dollars)

17

10

14

19

8

22

12

11

15

8

20-49 ............................................

50-99 ............................................

100-249 ..........................................

250-499 ..........................................

500 and Over ......................................

Total ...........................................

Employment Size"

Under 50 .........................................

50-99 ............................................

100-249 ..........................................

250-499 ..........................................

500-999 ..........................................

1 ,000 and Over ....................................

Total ...........................................

......................... 12

......................... 11

......................... 7

......................... 14

......................... 10

......................... 6

......................... 44

......................... 19

......................... 13

......................... 12

......................... 10

......................... 10

......................... 6

15

13

9

15

13

8

Q

23

18

12

11

15

8

19

18

10

16

12

8

46

26

17

15

17

11

8

* Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. 

O=With held because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures* and the "1987 Census of Manufactures.'

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1968 113
Table 51. Relative Standard Errors for Table 20 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

Code*

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total Sold

Utility 

Purchaser

Nonutility Purchaser

20 Food and Kindred Products .......

21 Tobacco Products ..............

22 Textile Mill Products ............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .

24 Lumber and Wood Products ......

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........

26 Paper and Allied Products ........

262) Paper Mills ..................

2631 Paperboard Mills ..............

27 Printing and Publishing ..........

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .....

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ....

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers .........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .....

2911 Petroleum Refining ............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .

31 Leather and Leather Products .....

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products . ..

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ............

33 Primary Metal Industries .........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ....

3334 Primary Aluminum ............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment.

36 Electronic and Electric Equipment . .

37 Transportation Equipment ........

38 Instruments and Related Products ..

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..... 

 Total .......................

8 

W 

16

Q 

22 

42

2

2

3 

Q 

2 

W 

13 

3 

W 

2 

2 

Q 

Q 

18 

W

5

6 

W 

W

26

27

11

Q

0

2

11 

W 

W 

Q 

22 

Q 

2

2

3

Q

2

6

14

2

W

2

2

Q

Q

5

W

2

2

W

Q

Q

41

20

Q

0

2

4

W

W

0

Q

48

2

1

1

0

8

W

11

11

0

2

2

Q

0

43

0

8

0

W

30

26

35

13

0

0

4

" See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. 

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included In higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey."

114 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 52. Relative Standard Errors for Table 21 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

Selected Characteristics Total Sold

Utility 

Purchaser

Nonutility 

Purchaser

Census Region 

Northeast ... 

Midwest ....

South ......

West ......

Total .....

Value of Shipments and Receipts* (million dollars)

3

10

1

6

2

18

6

4

11

4

20-49 ..........................................

50-99 ..........................................

100-249 ........................................

250-499 ........................................

500 and Over ....................................

Total .........................................

Employment Size*

Under 50 .......................................

50-99 ..........................................

100-249 ........................................

250-499 ........................................

500-999 ........................................

1,000 and Over ..................................

Total .........................................

....................... 8

....................... 13

....................... 2

....................... 2

....................... 2

....................... 2

....................... 3

....................... 4

....................... 7

....................... 4

....................... 3

....................... 2

....................... 2

8

15

2

2

1

2

W

W

7

3

4

1

2

36

12

8

5

5

4

w

w

18

12

5

4

4

 Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. 

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q-Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form ElA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures* and the '1987 Census of Manufactures.'

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 115
Table 53. Relative Standard Errors for Table 22 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

SIC 

Code*

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total Degeneration Renewable* Other

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3247

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ..........

Tobacco Products .................

Textile Mill Products ...............

Apparel and Other Textile Products 

Lumber and Wood Products .........

Furniture and Fixtures ..............

Paper and Allied Products ...........

Paper Mills .....................

Paporboard Mills.................

Printing and Publishing .............

Chemicals and Allied Products ........

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee . . .

Plastics Materials and Resins .......

Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

Petroleum and Coal Products ........

Petroleum Refining ...............

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products 

Leather and Leather Products ........

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

Cement, Hydraulic ...............

Primary Metal Industries ............

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

Primary Aluminum ...............

Fabricated Metal Products ...........

Industrial Machinery and Equipment 

Electronic and Other Electric Equipment. 

Transportation Equipment ...........

Instruments and Related Products 

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

Total .........................

3 

W 

6 

Q

13 

5 

1 

1 

1

Q 

1 

1 

7

1 

W

2 

2

21 

6 

3

W 

3 

1

*

W

10

15

4

W

Q

1

3

W 

5 

0

13 

3 

1 

1 

1

W 

1

W 

7

W 

3 

2

2

24 

W

3 

W

1

2 

0

W 

2

W 

2

W 

0 

1

W 

0

26 

0 

Q 

0 

1

1

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Q

W 

0 

0

W 

0 

0 

0

W 

0

W

2 

Q 

2

W 

0 

13 

Q 

6 

Q 

2 

1

W 

W

1

W

1

W 

W

1

1

36 

13 

9 

0 

W 

1

*

35 

W 

W 

W 

W 

Q 

3

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. 

' Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q-Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption 

Survey."

116 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 54. Relative Standard Errors for Table 23 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

Selected Characteristics Total Cogent

Census Region

Northeast ........................................................ 3

Midwest ......................................................... 1

South ........................................................... 1

West ........................................................... 3

Total .......................................................... 1

Value of Shipments and Receipts*

(million dollars)

Under 20 ........................................................ 8

20-49 ........................................................... 5

50-99 ........................................................... 5

100-249 ......................................................... 2

250-499 ......................................................... 1

500 and Over ..................................................... 1

Total .......................................................... 1

Employment Size"

Under 50 ........................................................ 9

50-99 ........................................................... 6

100-249 ......................................................... 5

250-499 ......................................................... 1

500-999 ......................................................... 1

1 ,000 and Over ................................................... 1

Total .......................................................... 1

nation RenewaWea Other

2 3 13

1 1 2

1 W W

3 W W

1 2 3

11 W W

5 7 18

5 1 4

1 1 10

1 1 3

1 W W

1 2 3

2 45 21

5 33 18

5 13 12

1 1 3

1 1 6

1 1 1

1 2 3

* Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. 

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey,' and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures* and the '1987 Census of Manufactures."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 117
Table 55. Relative Standard Errors for Table 24 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry Total Generated 

Onsite

Interconnected 

With A Utility

Designated As

A Qualifying

Facility

20 Food and Kindred Products .......

21 Tobacco Products ..............

22 Textile Mill Products ............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .

24 Lumber and Wood Products ......

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........

26 Paper and Allied Products ........

2621 Paper Mills ..................

2631 Paperboard Miffs ..............

27 Printing and Publishing ..........

2B Chemicals and Allied Products .....

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ....

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers .........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .....

2911 Petroleum Refining ............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .

31 Leather and Leather Products .....

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ............

33 Primary Metal Industries .........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ....

3334 Primary Aluminum ............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment.

36 Electronic and Electric Equipment ..

37 Transportation Equipment ........

38 Instruments and Related Products ..

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..... 

	Total .......................

3 

W 

6 

Q 

13 

5 

1 

1 

1

Q 

1 

1 

7

1 

W

2 

2

21 

6 

3

W 

3 

1

*

W

10

15

4

W

Q

1

3 

W 

6

13 

4 

1 

1 

1

W 

1 

1

10 

1

W 

3 

3

23

W 

2 

2 

4 

2 

0

W

s

W

1

W 

Q

1

2

W

W

0

22

W

1

1

1

W 

1

W

18

1

W

3

3

8

W

W

W

1

1

0

W

W

W

1

W 

0

1

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

* Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q-Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey.'

118 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 56. Relative Standard Errors for Table 25 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

Selected Characteristics

Total 

Generated Onslte

Interconnected 

With A Utility

Designated As A 

Qualifying Facility

Census Region 

Northeast . .. 

Midwest ....

South ......

West ......

Total .....

Value of Shipments and Receipts* 

(million dollars) 

Under 20 17

20-49 ..........................................

50-99 ..........................................

100-249 ........................................

250-499 ........................................

500 and Over ....................................

Total .........................................

Employment Size"

Under 50 .......................................

50-99 ..........................................

100-249 ........................................

250-499 ........................................

500-999 ........................................

1 ,000 and Over ..................................

Total .........................................

................... 5

................... 5

................... 2

................... 1

................... 1

................... 1

................... 9

................... 6

................... 5

................... 1

................... 1

................... 1

................... 1

6

6

2

2

1

1

2

1

6

1

2

1

1

7

10

2

2

1

1

W

W

9

1

2

1

1

* Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. 

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey,* and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures" and the "1987 Census of Manufactures.'

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 119
Table 57. Relative Standard Errors for Table 26 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups and Industry Total Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other

20 Food and Kindred Products .......

21 Tobacco Products ...........

22 Textile Mill Products ............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .

24 Lumber and Wood Products ......

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........

26 Paper and Allied Products ........

2621 Paper Mills ..................

2631 Paperboard Mils..............

27 Printing and Publishing ..........

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .....

28/9 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ....

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers .........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .....

2911 Petroleum Refining ............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .

31 Leather and Leather Products .....

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ............

33 Primary Metal Industries .........

33)2 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ....

3334 Primary Aluminum ............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment .

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment . .

37 Transportation Equipment ........

38 Instruments and Related Products ..

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..... 

 Total .......................

20 Food and Kindred Products .......

21 Tobacco Products ..............

22 Textile Mill Products ............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .

24 Lumber and Wood Products ......

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........

26 Paper and Allied Products ........

2621 Paper Mills ..................

2631 Paperboard Mills..............

27 Printing and Publishing ..........

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .....

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ....

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers .........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .....

2911 Petroleum Refining ............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .

31 Leather and Leather Products .....

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...

324 1 Cement, Hydraulic ............

33 Primary Metal Industries .........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ....

3334 Primary Aluminum ............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment .

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ..

37 Transportation Equipment ........

38 Instruments and Related Products ..

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..... 

 Total .......................

Total United States

4

11

4

11

10

8

2

3

5

7

5

8

7

11

9

6

5

4

14

3

5

4

5

6

5

6

5

5

9

8

2

7

NA 

10 

28 

33 

17

4

4 

11 

14

7 

12 

W 

W

*

12 

12

9 

W

7 

11

9

10 

W 

15 

10

9 

14 

18 

W

4

4 

8 

4 

10 

8 

8 

3 

3 

5 

7 

3 

W 

W 

7 

7

4 

W

5 

22 

W

5

3

4 

W

5 

5 

5 

W

7

8

2

W 

NA 

12 

30 

25 

17 

W 

W 

11 

14 

W 

W 

10 

22 

W 

W 

11 

11 

W 

W 

10 

W 

W 

W

9 

12

9 

16 

14 

W

3

W 

10 

6 

33 

W 

23

4

5

7 

28

9 

11 

W 

16

0 

36

0 

W 

31 

W

Q

7

8 

W 

19 

16 

13 

12 

14 

17

3

W 

18 

18 

22 

22 

32 

9 

5 

17 

20 

10 

W 

20 

9 

11 

23

*

15

30

24

6

8

5

8

14

18

16

W

W

18

6

3

12

5

16

12

8

3

3

6

8

5

W

W

11

9

5

5

5

12

4

9

4

4

W

7

9

5

5

0

11

2

W 

12 

12 

37 

15 

19 

8

7

8 

23 

11 

16 

11 

14 

W 

41

*

W 

25 

10

*

14 

14

8 

12 

15 

31 

12

Q 

37 

11

Northeast Census Region

W 

NA 

12 

39 

Q 

38

5

6 

19 

W 

W 

15 

11 

W 

0 

Q 

0 

W 

38 

26 

Q 

14 

W 

W 

20 

17 

16 

18 

15 

19 

4

19 

NA 

W 

29 

Q 

37 

W 

W 

W 

24 

W 

W 

33 

13

0 

44

0 

22 

32 

18 

12 

W 

W 

W 

19 

24 

21 

W 

W 

21

9

8

NA 

15 

43 

W 

22 

W

8 

15 

20

9

12

13 

W

*

W 

16 

13 

W 

9

6

7 

W 

24 

13 

11 

16 

14 

W

4

W

NA

30

Q

W

Q

9

9

27

Q

W

*

W 

W 

0 

Q 

0 

W

*

16

*

25 

W

*

21 

W 

27 

40 

29 

24 

W

11

14

9

43

W

25

4

4

7

0

6

W

10

15

0

10

W

14

49

6

6

6

6

14

12

15

16

8

W

38

3

W

NA

W

0

0

0

W

W

W

0

14

*

W

0

0

W

12

W

Q

10

11 

13 

13 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W 

9

W 

0

*

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

16

W

0

Q

0

0

0

0

0

33

18

7

8

W

22

Q

24

W

0

0

6

0

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

17

W

W

W

0

W

0

W

0

0

0

W

27 

19 

17 

Q 

21 

34 

5 

4 

7 

19 

11 

14 

20 

16 

W 

34 

W 

27

11

15

7

8

8

35

14

22

10

21

42

5

36 

NA

*

Q 

Q 

O 

W 

8

*

W 

W

Q

0

50

*

W 

18 

21 

W 

W

Q 

W

See footnotes at end of table.

120 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 57. Relative Standard Errors for Table 26 of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry Total Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other

20 Food and Kindred Products .......

21 Tobacco Products ..............

22 Textile Mil! Products ............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .

24 Lumber and Wood Products ......

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........

26 Paper and Allied Products ........

2621 Paper Mills ..................

2631 Paperboard Mills..............

27 Printing and Publishing ..........

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .....

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ....

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers .........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .....

2911 Petroleum Refining ............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .

31 Leather and Leather Products .....

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products . . .

3247 Cement, Hydraulic ............

33 Primary Metal Industries .........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ....

33,74 Primary Aluminum ............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment .

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment . .

37 Transportation Equipment ........

38 Instruments and Related Products . .

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..... 

 Total .......................

20 Food and Kindred Products .......

21 Tobacco Products ..............

22 Textile Mill Products ............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .

24 Lumber and Wood Products ......

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........

26 Paper and Allied Products ........

2621 Paper Mills ..................

2631 Paperboard Mills..............

27 Printing and Publishing ..........

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .....

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ....

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee .

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers .........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .....

2911 Petroleum Refining ............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .

31 Leather and Leather Products .....

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .. .

324? Cement, Hydraulic ............

33 Primary Metal Industries .........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Stael Mills ....

3334 Primary Aluminum ............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment .

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment . .

37 Transportation Equipment ........

38 Instruments and Related Products ..

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..... 

 Total .......................

Midwest Census Region

7

NA 

NA 

20 

18 

13

4

4 

10 

10

7 

W 

W 

16 

W

8 

W

7 

28

6

9

6

7 

W

6

7 

7 

6

NA

13

3

5

11

4

12

11

11

4

4

6

12

6

8

9 

12 

10 

9 

6 

6 

W 

6 

9 

6

8

9 

9 

6

NA 

W 

3

5

NA 

NA 

19 

19 

16 

W 

W 

10 

10 

7 

W 

10 

17 

15

7

8 

7 

Q 

5 

9

5 

W 

W

6

7

7

W

NA

14

2

W

8

4

11

11

11

4

W

6

13 

W

14

W

8

10

5

6

7 

W 

5

9 

W 

W 

W

10

9

8

8

NA

W 

2

10 

NA 

NA 

Q 

Q 

W 

W 

W 

34 

Q 

W 

W 

16 

W 

0 

Q 

0 

W 

Q 

37

10 

10

0 

W

Q 

29 

14 

NA

Q 

11

W 

NA 

NA 

40 

W 

30 

W 

W 

18 

Q 

W 

11 

W 

W 

16 

39

0 

W

Q 

W 

W

8 

W 

14 

18 

20 

20 

W 

NA 

W 

10

5

NA 

NA 

23 

21 

13

5

5 

10 

12

8 

W 

10 

23 

W

8 

W

9

18

6

12

5

6

W

6

8

7

8

NA

15

2

Q

NA

NA

Q

W

33

14

5

12

24

W*

W 

W*

Q 

0 

W 

43 

16

*

23 

W

*

20 

24 

27 

W 

NA

*

W

South Census Region

15 

10

7

Q 

W 

W

6 

W

8 

W 

W 

W 

W 

17

0 

W

0 

11

Q 

W 

W 

W 

W

0 

W 

31 

36 

W 

NA 

W

5

W 

18 

W 

40 

W 

48 

15 

8 

8 

W 

12 

W 

23 

14 

13 

W*

22 

W 

W 

W 

15

9 

W 

33

Q 

19 

19 

NA 

W 

13

6 

12

5 

15 

21 

14 

W

5

8 

16

e

W 

W 

12 

10 

W

7

8 

W

6 

16

7

8

9

10

10

8

6

NA

W

4

W 

12 

11 

33 

17 

25 

18

8

9 

W 

W 

20 

12 

14 

W 

O

13 

Q 

16

14

12

*

22

23

Q 

14 

NA 

Q 

W

15

NA

NA

Q

Q

W

6

6

10

0

9

18

W

17

0

W

W

W

Q

12

9

8

9 

W 

13 

16 

22

9

NA 

W

5

12 

14 

W 

48 

Q 

W

5

6 

9 

0 

8 

W 

W

24 

0 

W 

W

25

0

10

11 

W 

W 

W 

W 

Q 

W 

W 

NA 

0 

W

W

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W*

8 

10

0 

W 

Q

0 

W 

NA

0

8

W 

0

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

W 

0 

Q 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W

NA

0

12

25 

NA 

NA 

Q 

35

*

14 

9 

27 

34 

18 

W 

W 

W 

Q 

Q 

0 

39

W 

W 

13 

12 

W 

29 

15

*

10 

NA

*

W

43 

19 

17 

Q 

20 

41 

W 

7 

9 

W 

12 

18 

W 

16 

W 

45 

W 

Q 

Q 

17 

W 

W 

W 

W 

28 

32 

29 

24 

NA 

Q 

W

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 121
Table 57. Relative Standard Errors for Table 26 of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

SIC 

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry Total Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mils .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

	Total ..........................

West Census Region

6 

0 

25 

33 

18 

NA

5

6 

9

17 

9

W

7 

W 

W

8 

W

14 

W 

6 

8

7

15

8

12

29

11

9

13

21

3

7

0 

49 

37 

12 

NA

6 

W 

10 

18 

W 

W

9 

25 

13 

W 

W 

20 

W

7

8

7 

W

8

13

17

12

9

14

21

3

W 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

NA 

W 

W 

12 

0 

W 

W 

W 

0 

0 

Q 

0 

W 

0 

W 

W 

W 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W*

0

9

21

0

23

0

18

NA

12

10

W

Q

27

13

W

W

*

W 

0 

Q 

Q 

19 

13 

W 

13 

9 

34 

W 

41 

W 

44 

Q 

9

6 

0 

21 

38 

19 

NA

6

7

11

21

12

16

7 

W 

W

8 

W 

18 

W

8 

11

9 

13

9 

11 

42 

14

8 

W 

27

4

W

0

Q

Q

W

NA

13

7

10

W

22

Q 

0

48 

Q

22

*

17

*

11 

24 

W

W

12

W 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

W 

W 

W 

0 

W 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

9 

9 

W 

W 

13 

0 

0 

0 

W 

0 

0 

W

W 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

W 

25 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W

24

0

*

Q

32

NA

W

9 

11

Q 

W 

W*

W*

31 

W 

Q 

Q 

W 

34 

W 

W 

11 

Q 

43

Q 

W

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

* Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q-With held because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

NA-Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form ElA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey."

122 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 58. Relative Standard Errors for Table 27 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

Economic 

Characteristics* Total Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPQ Coal

CokeS 

Breeze Other

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars)

Under 20 .................

20-49 ....................

50-99 ....................

100-249 ..................

250-499 ..................

500 and Over ..............

Total .....................

Employment Size

Under 50 .................

50-99 ....................

100-249 ..................

250-499 ..................

500-999 ..................

1 ,000 and Over ............

Total .....................

3

3

4

3

3

5

2

5

7

3

3

3

4

2

3

3

3

3

3

3

2

6

5

3

3

3

2

2

15

11

6

5

5

5

3

18

21

7

5

4

4

3

12

8

11

8

7

7

6

17

10

7

9

11

5

6

4

3

3

5

4

5

2

7

5

5

4

3

5

2

15

10

9

13

14

17

11

26

30

12

13

15

19

11

13

6

6

5

6

6

3

29

18

4

7

6

5

3

23

17

8

12

15

8

6

39

46

16

14

12

7

6

11

18

14

7

8

16

5

16

19

14

8

9

9

5

 Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use. Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-848, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," and the Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the '1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures" and the '1987 Census of 

Manufactures."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 123
Table 59. Relative Standard Errors for Table 28 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

Code'

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Cote and 

Breeze Other

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 PaperMHIs .....................

2631 Paperboard Mils.................

27 Printing and Publishing ............

26 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .....

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

	Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing ............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .....

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ..............

33 Primary Metal Industries ...........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ..........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ...

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment

37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .......

 Total .........................

Total United States

3

9

4

10

8

8

2

3

4

7

5

6

7

10

8

4

4

5

18

4

5

3

4

6

5

5

5

5

8

8

2

8 

NA

10

27

28 

17

4

4 

10 

14

8 

13 

W 

W 

27 

12 

11 

11 

W

7 

11

6

8 

W 

13 

10

9 

16 

13 

W

3

4

8

4

10

9

8

3

3

4

7

3

W

W

6

7

4 

W

5 

22 

W

5

3

4 

W

5 

5 

5 

W

8

9

2

W 

NA

12

28

26

18 

W 

W 

11 

14 

W 

W 

12 

12 

W 

W 

12 

12 

W 

W

10 

W 

W 

W

9

11

10 

18 

15 

W 

3

W 

9 

6

35 

W 

23

4

5

6 

29

9 

11 

W 

16

0 

39

0 

W 

31 

W

Q

7

8 

W 

19 

17 

13

13

14

18

3

W

18

18

23

20

29

8

5

14

20

9

W

18

9

10

24

*

14

26

29

6

8

5

8

14

22

16

W

W

20

7

3

13

5

16

13

9

3

3

5

9

5

W

W

10

9

5

5

6

12

4

7

3

4

W

9

9

5

6

9

11

2

W 

15 

10 

44 

14 

17 

7

6

7

24 

10 

14 

10 

13 

W 

40

W 

21

10

11

11

7

11

13

34

13

45

37

9

Northeast Census Region

W 

NA 

12 

41 

Q 

40

5

6 

18 

W 

W 

15 

10 

W 

0 

Q 

0 

W 

37 

24 

Q 

14 

W 

W 

22 

18 

16 

21 

15 

19 

4

20 

NA 

W 

29

Q 

37 

W 

W 

W 

26 

W 

W 

30 

13

0 

43

0 

22 

29 

18 

11 

W 

W 

W 

19 

19

21 

W 

W

22

8

9

NA 

16 

42 

W 

22 

W

8 

15 

21 

10 

13 

16 

W 

27 

W 

16 

14 

W

9 

26

6

7 

W 

32 

14 

11 

11 

15 

W

5

W

NA

25

Q

W

Q

8

8

24

Q

W

*

W 

W 

0 

Q 

0 

W

*

13

*

21 

W

*

23 

W 

23 

42 

30 

28 

W

10

14

8

42

W

27

4

4

7

0

6

W

10

16

0

13

W

15

50

6

5

6

6

11

12

13 

15

7 

W 

37

3

W

NA

W

0

0

0

W

W

W

0

14

*

W

0

0

W

12

W

Q

10

11

12 

12 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W 

9

W 

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

18

W

0

O

0

0

0

0

0

28

15

7

8 

W

22 

Q

23 

W 

0 

0 

6

0

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

18

W

W

W

0

W

0

W

0

0

0

W

15

15

13

Q

17

49

5

5

8

19

12

15

16 

20 

W 

39 

W 

28

*

10

9

6

6

7

20

15

23

9

16

40

7

34

NA

36

Q

Q

44

W

9

*

W 

W

*

21

31

*

Q

0

29

*

W 

25 

30 

W 

W 

36 

30 

30 

16 

32 

Q 

W

See footnotes at end of table.

124 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 59. Relative Standard Errors for Table 28 of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

SIC 

CodeIndustry Groups and Industry Total Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mils.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee . . .

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment .

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

	Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3247 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

	Total ..........................

Midwest Census Region

5

NA 

NA

18

19

12

4

4

9

11

6

W

W

14

W

8

W

7

43

5

8

5

6 

W

6

7 

7 

7

NA

13

2

6

9

4

11

12

11

4

4

6

13

6

8

8

11

10

6

6

7 

W

7

8

6

8

9

8

9 

8 

8

NA 

W 

3

5

NA 

NA 

18 

21 

13 

W 

W

9 

12

7 

W 

10 

15 

14

7

7

8

Q

5

9

5

W

W

7

7

7

W

NA

14

2

W

8

4

11

13

11

4

W

6 

13 

W 

12 

W

7 

9 

5 

5 

7 

W 

6

8 

W 

W 

W

9

10

8

9

NA

W

2

11

NA

NA

Q

Q

W

W

W

33

*

W 

W 

16 

W 

0 

Q 

0 

W 

Q 

36

*

10 

10 

0 

W 

Q 

30 

15 

NA 

Q 

13

W 

NA 

NA 

39 

W 

35 

W 

W*

Q 

W*

W 

W*

42 

0 

W 

Q 

W 

W 

10 

W*

19 

18 

22 

W 

NA 

W 

11

6

NA

NA

22

22

13

5

5

10

13

7 

W 

10 

20 

W

8 

W 

10 

19

7 

11

5

6 

W

7

7

7

10

NA

14

2

Q

NA

NA

Q

W

27

13

5

*

30 

W*

W 

W*

Q 

0 

W*

20

*

17 

W*

18 

18 

25 

W 

NA

*

W

South Census Region

15

9

7

Q

W

W

6

W

8

W

W

W

W

17

0

W

0

12

Q

W

W

W

W

0

W*

35 

W 

NA 

W 

5

W 

18 

W 

42 

W 

46 

11 

8 

8 

W 

10 

W 

24 

13 

12 

W*

22 

W 

W 

W 

13

9 

W 

37

Q 

18 

20 

NA 

W 

16

6 

13

6 

14 

26 

14 

W

5

7 

17

6 

W 

W 

11 

10 

W

7

8 

W

6

12

7

8

9

9

10

8

7

NA

W 

3

W 

15

9 

30 

17 

23 

16

7

9 

W 

W 

20 

11 

13 

W

Q

*

12

*

14

*

14

11

*

22 

27 

Q 

18 

NA 

O 

W

14

NA

NA

Q

Q

W

5

5

11

0

9

16 

W

17

0

W

W

W

Q

13

9

9

9

W

13

15

21

8

NA 

W 

5

11 

14 

W 

48 

Q 

W

5

6 

8 

0 

7 

W 

W

24 

0 

W 

W

25

0

9

10 

W 

W 

W 

W 

Q 

W 

W 

NA 

0 

W

W

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

W*

8

10

0

W

O

0

W

NA

0

8

W 

0

*

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

Q

0

0

0

0

0

45

W

W

W

W

W

W

W*

NA 

0

12

25 

NA 

NA 

Q 

33 

39 

17 

10

33

34 

14 

W 

W 

W*

50

0

43

ft

W 

W 

12 

8 

W 

18 

15 

23 

11 

NA 

39 

W

25 

15 

13 

46 

26 

Q 

W 

7 

9 

W 

13 

19 

W 

21 

W 

Q 

W 

50 

Q 

14 

W 

W 

W 

W 

24 

32 

28 

21 

NA 

O 

W

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 125
Table 59. Relative Standard Errors for Table 28 of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

SIC 

Code*

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ...,

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

33)2 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

	Total ..........................

West Census Region

6

0

26

35

13 

NA

5

6

9 

17

9 

W

8 

W 

W

7 

W 

18 

W

6

8

7 

17

8 

12 

19 

12

9 

15 

20

3

8

0

36

37

14 

NA

6 

W

9 

18 

W 

W 

10 

22 

12 

W 

W 

20 

W

6

8

7 

W

8

14

15

13

9

15

21

3

W 

0 

0 

0 

44 

NA 

W 

W 

11 

0 

W 

W 

W 

0 

0 

Q 

0 

W 

0 

W 

W 

W 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W

0

10

22

0

0 

21 

NA

8

8 

W

Q 

29 

13 

W 

W

*

W 

0

o

Q

21 

13 

W*

9 

33 

W

41 

W*

Q 

11

7 

0 

22 

39 

19 

NA

6

7

11

20

10

14

7 

W 

W

8 

W 

18 

W

8 

11

9 

15

9 

11 

43 

12

9 

W 

25

4

W 

0 

O 

O

W 

NA

17 

7

10

W

Q 

0

34 

Q

25

*

18

27 

W

W

12

W 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA

W

W

W

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

9

W

W

12

0

0

0

W

0

0

W

W 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W

28

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

29

0

Q

24

NA

W

9

13

Q

W

W*

W*

31 

W 

Q 

Q 

W 

15 

W 

W 

9 

Q 

46 

30 

16 

22 

Q 

W

 See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

* Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included In higher level totals. 

Q-Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

NA-Not available. Data are Included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey.'

126 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 60. Relative Standard Errors for Table 29 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

Economic Residual Distillate 

Characteristics* Total Electricity Fuel Oil Fuel Oil

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars)

Under 20 .................... 3 3 12 13

20-49 ....................... 3 3 12 8

50-99 ....................... 3 3 6 13

100-249 ..................... 3 3 5 8

250-499 ..................... 4 3 5 8

500 and Over ................. 4 3 6 7

Total ........................ 2 2 3 7

Employment Size 

Under 50 ..................... 5 5 20 19

50-99 ....................... 4 5 22 11

100-249 ..................... 3 3 7 8

250-499 ..................... 3 3 5 9

500-999 ..................... 3 2 4 14

1,000 and Over ............... 4 2 4 5

Total ........................ 2 2 3 7

Natural Goto & 

Gas tPG Coal Breeze Other

4 12 12 24 9

38 5 20 9

3 10 6 9 18

4 13 5 12 8

4 15 5 15 14

4 15 6 8 16

29387

8 20 29 42 12

4 20 17 42 24

4 14 4 19 11

3 12 6 19 9

3 17 6 12 18

4 18 5 8 11

29367

* Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of (he Census.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, '1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey," and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures* and the "1987 Census of Manufactures.'

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 127
Table 61. Relative Standard Errors for Table 30, Parts 1 and 2 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills .................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

28*9 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

324) Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment....

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

	Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2879 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .......

	Total .........................

Total United States

1

2

2

3

3

4

1

1

2 

2 

2 

W 

W 

2 

2

1 

W

2

3 

W

1

2

1 

W

2

2

2 

W

3

3

1

W

NA

3

5

6

5

W

W

2

4

W

W

4

14

W

W

3

3

W

W

1

W 

W 

W 

3 

6

3

4 

4 

W 

2

W 

2 

2 

4

W 

3

I

1

2

3 

2 

2 

W 

2 

0

II 

0 

W

3 

W

4 

2 

2 

W 

7 

2

2

3

2

2

1

W 

2

4

4

5 

7 

4 

2 

5 

4 

2 

W 

4 

3 

2 

7 

0 

3 

6 

6 

3 

2 

1 

1 

4 

9 

3 

W 

W 

6 

2

1

4

2

3

4

3

1

1

1

3

1

W 

W

2

2

1

1

2 

5 

1 

4 

1 

1

W 

4 

3 

2

2

3

5

1

Northeast Census Region

W

NA

2

4

5 

4 

1 

1 

1

W

W 

1 

1

W 

0

12 

0

W

3

4

2

3 

W 

W 

9 

3 

2 

4 

2 

2 

1

6

NA 

W

5 

12 

10 

W 

W 

W

5 

W 

W

5

3

0

4

0

3

6

4

3

W

W

W

5

10

3

W

W

6

2

4 

NA

5

6 

W

8 

W

1

2 

5 

4 

2 

6

W 

2

W 

1 

4

W 

3 

5 

2 

1

W

10 

4 

3 

8 

5

W 

2

W 

5 

3

14 

7 

7 

3 

2 

4 

8 

4 

4 

6 

5 

W 

5 

0 

W 

8 

4

4

5

5

3

6

9

7

5

16

5

4

W

NA

7

1

W

10

3

2

4

19

W

2

W

W

0

18

0

W

7

6

5

7

W

1

10

W

8

4

17

10

W

2

1

2

2 

W

3

1

1

1

0

1 

W

2 

1 

0 

6 

W 

5 

8 

2 

2 

1 

1 

7

2

3 

3 

2 

W 

5 

1

W

NA

W

0

0

0

W

W

W

0

3

0

W

0

0

W

2

W

8

2

2

2

2

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

2

See footnotes at end of table.

128 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 61. Relative Standard Errors for Table 30, Parts 1 and 2 of Detailed 

Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

sic

Code1

Industry Groups 

and Industry Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ...

24 Lumber and Wood Products ........

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........

2621 Paper Mills ....................

2631 Paperboard Mils .................

27 Printing and Publishing ............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .......

28(9 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ...

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .....

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ...........

3312 Wast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ..........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ...

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ...........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

	Total ..........................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mills .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee . . .

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ...........

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ..........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment ...

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment . 37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........

 Total .........................

Midwest Census Region

2

NA 

NA 

4 

6 

9 

W 

W

2

3 

3 

W

2

3

2

2

1

2

3 

2 

2 

2 

W 

W

2

3

2

W

NA

5

1

W

2

3 

2 

4 

2 

2

W 

2 

4

W 

4

W

1

2

1 

W

2

W

2

2

W

W

W

6

3

2

2

NA

W

1

3

NA 

NA 

0 

0 

W 

W 

W

2

3

W

W

1

W 

0 

7 

0 

W 

1 

5 

0 

1

1 

0 

W

2

7

2

NA 

0

3

W 

NA 

NA

5 

W 

10 

W 

W

6 

10 

W

4 

W 

W

3 

13

0 

W 

13 

W 

W

3 

W

1

5

5

6

W

NA

W

4

2

NA 

NA 

6 

6 

3 

2

1

2

3 

3

W 

2 

5

W

2 

W

3

8

2

3

1

1 

W

2

3

2

3

NA 

7 

1

South Census Region

4

2

2

1

W 

W

2 

W

3 

W 

W 

W 

W

2

0 

W

0

5 

0 

W 

W 

W 

W 

0 

W

6 

3

W 

NA

W 

2

W 

2

W 

7 

W

6

7

2

3

W

3

W

2

4

2

W

0

5

W

W

W

3

2

W

7

11

5

4

NA

W

4

2

4 

2 

S 

7 

4 

W

1

2

7

1

W 

W

2 

2

W 

1 

3

W 

2 

5 

2 

2 

2 

4 

3 

2 

2

NA

W 

1

4

NA

NA

13

W

11

5

2

17

12

W

6

W

W

4

8

0

W

7

9

4

9

W

2

10

12

21

W

NA

11

W

W 

5 

3

11 

6 

9 

7 

2

2 

W 

W

3 

2 

5

W 

8 

0 

5

12 

4 

9 

5 

5 

2

10

11 

5

10

NA 

7

W

2

NA 

NA 

0 

0 

W 

2

2

3

0

2

3 

W

2 

0 

W 

W 

W

3

3

2

2

1 

W

2

3

4 

3

NA 

W 

2

2

1 

W

3

0 

W

1

1

2

0

2

W

W

2

0

W

W

2

0

2

3 

W 

W 

W 

W

4 

W 

W 

NA

0 

W

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 129
Table 61. Relative Standard Errors for Table 30, Parts 1 and 2 of Detailed 

Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

sic

Code1

Industry Groups 

and Industry Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal

20 Food and Kindred Products ..........

21 Tobacco Products .................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .........

25 Furniture and Fixtures ..............

26 Paper and Allied Products ...........

2621 Paper Mils .....................

2631 Paperboard Mills.................

27 Printing and Publishing .............

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ........

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, nee ...

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins .......

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, nee ....

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ............

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ........

2911 Petroleum Refining ...............

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ........

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ......

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............

33 Primary Metal Industries ............

33/2 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............

34 Fabricated Metal Products ..........

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment...

36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment.

37 Transportation Equipment ..........

38 Instruments and Related Products ....

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .......

	Total .........................

4 

0

18

12 

6

NA 

3

W 

3 

5

W

W 

3

14 

6

W

W 

5

W 

3 

3 

3

W 

2 

6 

6 

5

3

4

9

2

West Census Region

W

0

0

0

17

NA

W

W

2

0

W

W

W

0

0

8

0

W

0

W

W

W

W

0

0

0

0

W

0

0

3

5 

0 

3 

0 

6 

NA

10 

3

W 

2 

7 

2

W

W 

0

W 

0

10 

0 

5 

8

W 

3 

2 

4

W

4 

W

5

0

3

2 

0 

5 

8 

6

NA 

2

1

2 

6 

5 

5 

2

W

W 

4

W 

8

W 

2 

2 

4 

3

2

3 

15 

6 

3 

W 

7 

2

W 

0 

9 

8

W 

NA 

7 

2 

2

W 

9

2

3

3

2

2

0

19

12

12

3

5

4

3

8

W

21

W

16

3

5

W 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA

W

W

W

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

2

W

W

2

0

0

0

W

0

0

W

 See Appendices A and D for description of the Standard Industrial Classification system. 

W-WithheM to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included In higher level totals. 

NA-Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey."

130 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 62. Relative Standard Errors for Table 31 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

Dollars per Physical Unit

Value of Shif 

(million do 

Under 20 

20-49 . . .

50-99 ...

100-249 .

250-499 .

500 and O\ 

All Manufac

Employment 

Under SO 

50-99 ....

100-249 .

250-499 . .

500-999 ..

1 ,000 and ( 

All Manufac

Value of Shif 

(million do 

Under 20 .

20-49 ....

50-99 ....

100-249 . .

250-499 . .

500 and Ov 

All Manufac

Employment 

Under 50 .

50-99 ....

100-249 . .

250-499 . .

500-999 ..

1,000 and < 

All Manufac

Residual Die 

Economic Characteristics* Electricity Fuel Oil Fu

jments and Receipts 

lars) 

............................... 2 4

............................... 1 2

............................... 1 1

............................... 1 2

............................... 1 1

tec ............................. 1 2

luring .......................... 1 1

Size 

............................... 3 5

............................... 2 5

............................... 1 1

............................... 1 1

............................... 1 2

Dver ........................... 1 1

luring .......................... 1 1

Residual Dit 

Electricity Fuel Oil Fu

>ments and Receipts 

lars) 

............................... 2 4

............................... 1 2

............................... 1 1

............................... 1 2

............................... 1 1

er ............................. 1 2

urlng .......................... 1 1

Size 

............................... 3 5

............................... 2 5

............................... 1 1

............................... 1 1

............................... 1 2

3ver ........................... 1 1

uring .......................... 1 1

dilate 

el Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal

3253 

3182 

2132 

4132 

3291 

2141

1241 

4386 

4 

3242 

2 12 3 

3262 

4191 

2141

1241 

Dollars per Million Btu

itillate 

el Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal

2132 

3253 

3182 

4131 

3291 

2141

1241 

4386 

4 

3242 

2 12 3 

4191 

3262 

2141

1241 

* Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size data were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846, "1988 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey,* and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1988 Annual Survey of Manufactures' and the * 1987 Census of Manufactures.*

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 131
Appendix A

Survey Design, 

Implementation, 

and Estimates
Appendix A

Survey Design, Implementation, and Estimates

Introduction

The 1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) has been designed by the Energy Information 

Administration (EIA) to provide information related to energy consumption in the manufacturing division. 

It is the second such survey to be completed. The first survey covered the year 1985. The MECS is an 

ongoing survey that is conducted every three years.

There were a few methodological and statistical refinements in the 1988 MECS. Most importantly, the 1988 

data represent the entire manufacturing division. This coverage is more complete than that of the 1985 

MECS, which did not represent the smallest manufacturing establishments. Also, the 1988 MECS collected 

both consumption-related and fuel-switching data on the same data collection form. These were two separate 

collections on the 1985 MECS. Fuel switching refers to the capability of manufacturers to substitute 

alternative fuels for those actually consumed in 1988. The consumption-related data are presented in this 

publication while the fuel-switching estimates will be presented in a separate report. Finally, the 1988 MECS 

sample was supplemented to account for new establishments (since the 1985 survey), and to enrich the sample 

of establishments that generate electricity onsite.

The basic unit of data collection for this survey was the manufacturing establishment. A nationally 

representative sample of these establishments supplied the information through mailed questionnaires. The 

Industry Division of the Bureau of the Census selected the MECS sample according to EIA design 

specifications; conducted the fieldwork; and handled data processing, again with EIA's input.

This appendix presents a summary of the design and implementation procedures for the survey, and describes 

the types of estimates included in this report. A methodological report published for the 1985 survey 

presented details relating to the background of the survey, forms design, sample design, and estimation 

procedures.15 This appendix also presents a brief overview of these topics and describes the changes made 

for the 1988 survey.

Description of the Manufacturing Division

The manufacturing division consists of all manufacturing establishments in the 50 States and the District of 

Columbia. The working definition of a manufacturing establishment is the definition stated in the Office of 

Management and Budget's Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual: 16

[Manufacturing establishments are] ... engaged in the mechanical or chemical transformation of 

materials or substances into new products. These establishments are usually described as plants, 

factories, or mills and characteristically use power driven machines and materials handling equipment. 

Establishments engaged in assembling component parts of manufactured products are also considered 

manufacturing if the new product is neither a structure nor other fixed improvement. Also included 

is the blending of materials such as lubricating oil, plastics, resins, or liquors.

The SIC Manual contains a hierarchial classification system that groups establishments according to their 

primary economic activities. This system divides the manufacturing division into 20 major industrial groups 

that are relatively homogeneous with respect to primary output. Each of these major industrial groups is

15Energy Information Administration, Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Methodological Report, DOE/EIA-0514 

(Washington, DC, 1988).

16Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual 1987 (Washington, DC, 1987), p. 67.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 135
assigned a two-digit code. The two-digit codes for the manufacturing division range from SIC 20, Food and 

Kindred Products, through SIC 39, Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries. Each major group is subdivided 

into three-digit groups, which are further divided into four-digit industries. For example, SIC 20 includes SIC 

201, Meat Products, which, in turn, is subdivided into SIC 2011, Meat Packing Plants; SIC 2012, Sausages and 

Other Prepared Meat Products; SIC 2016, Poultry Dressing Plants; and SIC 2017, Poultry and Egg Processing.

The SIC category is the single most important classification variable in the MECS data system, both for 

selecting the MECS sample and analyzing the MECS data. The categories of primary interest for the MECS 

are the 20 major industrial groups (SIC 20 through 39) and the 10 most energy-consumptive four-digit 

industries within these industry groups. A description of these 20 major industrial groups and 10 industries 

appears in Appendix D.

The 1988 MECS uses the SIC classification scheme presented in the 1987 edition of SIC manual. The 1985 

MECS was based on the 1972 SIC Manual. For the most part, the revisions were minor and had a negligible 

effect on the MECS estimates. However, there was one relatively significant revision in the way certain 

petrochemical plants were classified for the 1988 MECS, as opposed to the 1985 MECS. If the primary 

product of a petrochemical plant in 1985 was a liquified petroleum gas (LPG; e.g., ethane, propane), it was 

classified in SIC 2911, Petroleum Refining, regardless of how the LPG was produced. For the 1988 MECS, 

the establishment was classified in SIC 2911 only if the LPG was produced by a refinery process. If the LPG 

was produced by a chemical process, the establishment was classified in organic chemicals (SIC 2865 or 2869). 

Thus, when comparing the estimates for SIC's 2911, 2865, and 2869 between 1985 and 1988, the reader is 

cautioned to take the classification differences into account.

The Sampling Frame and 

Its Relationship to the Manufacturing Division

The 1988 MECS has expanded coverage over the 1985 MECS. The 1988 MECS estimates are for the entire 

manufacturing division. The 1985 estimates excluded the smallest establishments from coverage. Therefore, 

caution must be exercised by readers who wish to compare 1985 with 1988 estimates. EIA estimates that the 

smallest establishments represent 3 to 4 percent of overall 1988 energy consumption. The percentage varies 

by industry group. In certain SIC's with many small establishments, such as Apparel (SIC 23) and Leather 

(SIC 31), the percentage difference is much larger. In SIC's dominated by large establishments, such as 

Chemicals (SIC 28) and Pulp and Paper (SIC 26), the coverage difference is negligible.

As mentioned in the Introduction to this appendix, the Census Bureau serves as the collecting and compiling 

agent for the MECS. A major responsibility of the Industry Division of the Census Bureau is to conduct the 

Census of Manufactures (CM) and the Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM). The CM is conducted for 

years ending in "2" or "7" (for example, 1982), and obtains economic data for the complete universe of 

approximately 350,000 manufacturing establishments in the United States. For the purposes of data collection, 

the CM universe is divided into two major subsets as follows.

1. Small Single-Establishment Companies Not Sent a Report Form. These companies are excused from 

filing a CM report. Generally, those with less than 5 employees are excused while all with more than 

20 are mailed report forms. Those with 5 through 20 employees are excused or sent a report form based 

on the magnitude of their annual payroll and shipments data. Approximately 125,000 establishments are 

excused due to this criterion.

2. Establishments Sent a Report Form. The remaining manufacturing establishments in the universe are 

sent a report form.

The ASM is conducted during non-CM years to provide estimates of economic characteristics for the universe 

of manufacturing establishments. As with the CM, the ASM contains two components. The first component 

is the mail portion, a probability sample of manufacturing establishments selected from the list of 

establishments that are sent the CM report form (see above). Those establishments are weighted so that they

136 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
represent the mail portion of the CM universe. The second component of the ASM is the nonmail portion 

of the CM. These small establishments are not sent an ASM questionnaire, but their contribution to economic 

statistics is estimated based on selected information obtained annually from other Federal agencies.

The approach to building a sampling frame for the 1988 MECS was to update the 1985 MECS frame for 

changes in the population since that time. This was accomplished by the following means:

 The 1987 Census of Manufactures (CM) mail file list was separated into two groups according to whether 

an establishment was in operation before 1984.17

 The establishments in operation before 1984 were represented by 1985 MECS sample establishments that 

were still in operation in 1987. This was done by retaining 1985 MECS sample establishments that were 

matched to the 1987 CM list. This group of establishments, called the hold-over sample, retained the 

sampling weights based on their probabilities of selection for the 1985 MECS. (See "The Estimation 

Process" in this appendix.)

 A supplemental sample was drawn directly from those establishments on the 1987 CM list that came into 

existence after 1984. Together with the hold-over sample, this supplement updated the sample to 

represent the 1987 CM mail file.

 The MECS sample results were then further modified to represent the entire manufacturing population 

(including the nonmail file of the CM) by an adjustment to the sampling weights. This adjustment is 

explained later in this appendix in the section titled, "The Estimation Process."

Sample Design

In order to maximize EIA's ability to estimate changes in consumption from 1985 to 1988, the 1988 MECS 

sample consisted of two major components. The first, comprising approximately 10,600 establishments, is a 

"hold-over" component that included establishments in the 1985 MECS sample that were still in operation 

when the MECS was mailed on June 15, 1989. For the 1985 survey, the overall desired size of the MECS 

sample was set at 12,000 establishments based upon available resources and preliminary estimates of expected 

and desired sampling error. The desired sample size was allocated among 30 industry-based strata consisting 

of the 10 most energy-consumptive four-digit SIC industries and the remaining portions of the 20 two-digit 

SIC industry groups. Due to random variability in the sample selection process, the actual sample contained 

12,065 establishments.

For the 10 most energy-consumptive industries, all the establishments in the 1984 ASM sample were included 

in the 1985 MECS sample with certainty. The remaining establishments were sampled from the 20 two-digit 

groups in a pattern designed to keep sampling errors within pre-established bounds for estimates of total 

consumption and consumption of four major types of energy: electricity, natural gas, residual oil, and coal. 

The procedure for subselecting ASM sample establishments into the MECS sample were such that their overall 

probabilities of selection for the MECS were proportional to an estimated energy measure of size. The overall 

probabilities for selection of the MECS sample establishments ranged from 0.002 to 1.000.

The selection of the MECS sample for 1985 was, therefore, a two-stage selection process, with the first stage 

being the selection of the ASM mail sample, and the second, being the subselection of the MECS sample from 

the ASM sample. Thus, a MECS sample establishment is selected conditionally upon it having been selected 

into the ASM mail sample, which means that its probability of selection from the ASM sample is a conditional 

probability. Therefore, the overall probability of selection into the MECS sample is represented by the 

product of this conditional probability and its ASM selection probability.

17The year 1984 was used as a cutoff because establishments that began operation during that year were omitted from the 1985 

MECS sample.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 137
The second component of the 1988 MECS consisted of two supplemental samples. The first, comprising about 

1,500 establishments, represented that part of the 1987 CM mail file not covered by the hold-over sample.

The second comprised all establishments not otherwise selected for the 1988 MECS that reported onsite 

electricity generation of over 10,000 Kwh on the 1987 CM. The purpose of this supplement was to produce 

the best possible estimates of onsite electricity generation and associated measures. The generation 

supplemental sample added approximately 300 establishments to the total MECS sample.

Establishments beginning operation after 1984 were selected into the 1988 MECS using an energy measure 

of size that estimated 1987 purchased fuel consumption. The probabilities for selection into the MECS sample 

are proportional to an energy MOS computed similarly to the 1984 measure. The energy measure of size is 

the ratio of average 1985 total Btu per cost of fuels within an establishment's sampling stratum and region, 

multiplied by the establishment's 1987 CM value for cost of fuels. If the new establishment was (a) large 

enough to be mailed an ASM form in any year after 1984, and (b) was also classified in one of the 10 fourdigit industries previously found to be the most energy-consumptive, it entered the MECS with certainty. 

Otherwise, its entry would be as a result of the same random selection process used for the original selection 

of the 1985 MECS sample.

Of the initial sample of 12,400 establishments, approximately 200 were determined to be out of business or 

out of scope based on updating procedures used by the Census Bureau. Thus, a final sample of 12,200 

establishments were mailed a questionnaire. Of these, usable responses were received from 10,650 or 87 

percent of those establishments. However, those respondents represented 96 percent of the total unweighted 

value of shipments and receipts of the final sample.

Fieldwork, Editing, and Quality Control

The 1988 MECS used customized questionnaires for specific industries, with similar energy consumption 

characteristics. The three questionnaires were:

 Form EIA-846(A). This questionnaire was sent to the majority of the sample and collected the basic 

consumption, expenditure, and fuel-switching information.

 Form EIA-846(B). This questionnaire was sent exclusively to establishments in the Petroleum Refining 

Industry (SIC 2911). The design of the questionnaire took advantage of the fact that other EIA surveys 

collect certain consumption and expenditure data from the refinery population. Thus, the EIA-846(B) 

did not require respondents to report on particular data items. The questionnaire also collects data on 

nonfuel use and shipments of energy sources from adjoining petrochemical plants.

 Form EIA-846(C). This questionnaire was sent to establishments in the Steel Works, Blast Furnaces, 

and Rolling Mills Industry (SIC 3312), producers of Chemicals and Allied Products (SIC 28), and 

producers of Petroleum and Coal Products other than Petroleum Refining (SIC 29 excluding SIC 2911). 

It is identical to the EIA-846(A) except that it collects additional information on shipments of energy 

sources produced onsite. 18

The questionnaires were mailed to the in-scope MECS sample establishments on June 15, 1989. Returned 

questionnaires were subjected to initial screening procedures for completeness, and incomplete forms or 

responses with obvious inconsistencies were set aside for review by industry specialists. Valid returned 

questionnaires were forwarded directly to check-in and then to data entry.

^Establishments in these industries routinely produce energy sources from the input of other energy sources, which are, in turn, 

sold or transferred to other establishments. The additional information collected on Form EIA-846(C) was to permit the necessary 

adjustments to avoid double counting. Response to these items was incomplete, however, and the adjustments were not made.

138 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
All forms that were incomplete or failed the initial screening procedures were carefully reviewed by the 

industry specialists from the Census Bureau and EIA. The Census Bureau specialists retrieved missing data 

and verified questionable items by telephone contact with the individual who completed the questionnaire. 

Once the forms were completed and verified, they were forwarded to check-in and to data entry.

The resulting MECS data file was then subjected to a series of computer edits. These edits included 

consistency checks against data items from other parts of the MECS and the 1988 ASM, as well as checks for 

outliers in the distribution of individual variables. Records with failed edits were reviewed and followed up 

by industry specialists.

Development of the Data File

The estimates in this report were developed from a data file consisting of both directly reported values and 

more complex items derived from a combination of directly reported values.

Reported values consist of responses to the 1988 MECS questionnaire (Appendix C). The exception are the 

estimates of energy consumption for nonfuel purposes and offsite-produced fuel consumption at petroleum 

refineries.19 For all remaining estimates, the responses to the questionnaire for each responding 

establishment were supplemented by the following economic data:

 Value of shipments and receipts

 Value added by manufacturing

 Total employment.

These economic data were not collected by the 1988 MECS, but were provided by the Census Bureau by 

linking the 1988 ASM economic data and MECS energy data at the establishment level.

The reported energy values were used to construct several derived values, which, in turn, were used to prepare 

the estimates appearing in selected tables in this report. (See "Survey Estimates" section in this appendix.) 

These derived values are defined as follows:

1. Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced offsite. This derived value represents onsite 

consumption of fuels that were originally produced offsite. That is, they arrived at the establishment as 

the result of a purchase, or were transferred to the establishment from outside sources. As such, this 

derived value is definitionally equivalent to "consumption of purchased" fuels as reported by the Census 

Bureau for the years 1974-1981. The Census Bureau defines "purchased" fuels to include those actually 

purchased plus those transferred in from other establishments.20

2. Energy consumed onsite for nonfuel purposes and produced offsite. This derived value also represents 

energy that was originally produced offsite. This energy was used at the establishment site as raw 

material inputs and feedstocks.

3. Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced onsite from nonenergy inputs. This derived value covers 

materials such as wood chips, bark, and wood waste, and pulping liquor. These fuels are produced 

primarily in pulp and paper mills as a byproduct of wood used in the pulping process. Wood for pulping 

is not classified as energy in the MECS, and, therefore, would not have been included as an input. This 

derived value also covers waste materials, biomass, and hydrogen that was produced from the electrolysis

1*The calculations for these quantities are discussed in the sections of this appendix titled, "Consumption for Nonfuel Purposes at 

Refineries" and "Offsite-Produced Fuel Use at Refineries."

20U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Annual Survey (Census) of Manufactures, "Fuels and Electric Energy 

Consumed," 1974-1982 (Washington, DC).

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 139
of brine. Energy sources such as petroleum and coal that were consumed as fuel and originated onsite 

from captive mines or wells (an unusual occurrence) are included here also.

4. Energy consumed onsite for nonfuel purposes and produced onsite from nonenergy inputs. Most 

onsite-produced energy that is used for nonfuel purposes is derived from other types of energy. The 

major exception is hydrogen that is produced from the electrolysis of brine. Hydrogen produced in this 

manner and used for nonfuel purposes is the major occurrence of this derived value. Energy sources 

such as petroleum and coal that were consumed as a nonfuel and originated onsite from captive mines 

or wells are included here also.

5. Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced onsite from energy inputs. This derived value covers 

a wide range of fuels consumed onsite that are produced onsite as direct products or byproducts of other 

types of energy.

6. Energy consumed onsite for nonfuel purpose and produced onsite from energy inputs. This derived 

value includes all petrochemical feedstocks and other raw material inputs that were produced onsite from 

existing energy or from other onsite-produced energy.

The first four of those derived values represent an addition to the energy consumed onsite, and are described 

in this publication as primary consumption (that is, either they were produced offsite or were produced onsite 

from nonenergy inputs). The fifth derived value described above does not represent an addition because it 

was produced onsite from energy that is already reported as input. Such energy, thus, represents duplicate 

counting of the input energy content. It is, however, a useful measure of onsite-produced fuel consumption 

and is nonduplicative with respect to an estimate of total fuel consumption. The sixth derived value is 

duplicative with respect to the consumption of energy for nonfuel purposes, and, therefore, was not used to 

prepare estimates. It was included only for computational purposes and completeness.

Assumptions Underlying Derived Values

Two basic assumptions are necessary to produce the derived values from the data reported on the MECS 

questionnaire. First, it is assumed that any energy produced onsite is disposed of as it is produced. That is, 

it is burned as a fuel and/or consumed as an input or feedstock; any excess is flared, dumped, transferred-out, 

sold, or is placed into inventory. For the purpose of computing the derived values, a quantity of an energy 

source produced onsite and placed into inventory during the previous year is not considered onsite production 

in the reporting year. A corollary of this assumption is that any energy source that was consumed onsite and 

originated offsite was acquired only if there was not sufficient onsite production to meet the establishment's 

needs of the energy source in the current year. Second, it is assumed that the priority use of onsite production 

is first as an input or feedstock and then as a fuel. While these assumptions are believed to reflect the energy 

use patterns at the vast majority of, but not all, establishments. The assumptions do provide a consistent 

method of determining an establishment's unduplicated total energy consumption and its reliance on outside 

providers to supply it.

The Estimation Process

Estimates in this report represent the entire population of manufacturers in the CM universe that were 

covered in the 1988 ASM. Full representation is accomplished by weighting the data from the establishment 

records in the consumption data file. Weighting is the process of multiplying the reported or derived values 

by a case-specific constant designed to inflate the data from each sample case to that portion of the population 

that it represents. The first, basic component in the MECS weights is the sampling weight. The sampling 

weight for a MECS sample case is the reciprocal of its overall probability of selection into the ASM and 

subsequent selection for the MECS.

140 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
The second component of the MECS weights is an adjustment for nonresponse. Adjustment factors to account 

for nonresponse were calculated by using the known energy measures of size of the respondents and the total 

sample. Because an establishment is selected into the MECS sample with a probability proportional to the 

establishment's energy measure of size, that measure can be viewed as an establishment's estimated 

contribution to energy consumption in 1987. A separate adjustment factor was computed for each of the 30 

sampling strata21 and took the form:

Sample gapa, = £ MOS,j - £ MOS, , , (1)

i i

where MOStj is the measure of size for MECS sample establishment; in stratum s, and MOS^ is the measure 

of size for MECS respondent i in stratum s.

The last adjustment to the weights took advantage of the fact that a recent enumeration of the population, 

the 1987 CM, was performed prior to the compilation of the MECS data. It is difficult to maintain the 

accuracy and currency of a sample over a number of years even employing the established updating methods 

used by the Census Bureau. Time restrictions and the desire to have a longitudinal component in the MECS 

precluded drawing a completely new sample. Therefore, the MECS sample data were further adjusted by using 

known CM totals.

The adjustment that was used is analogous to the one that is routinely employed for ASM data. In the ASM 

case, cell totals have high correlations from year to year as a result of including many of the same 

establishments for each ASM within a CM cycle. By taking advantage of those correlations, cell totals can be 

made more reliable. The adjustment the Census Bureau chose maximizes those benefits.22 In that adjustment, 

CM data are substituted into the ASM sample establishments and a difference between that estimate and the 

actual Census total for any particular variable is computed. That difference is then added to the ASM data 

for the current year. The adjustment is shown in Equation (2):

Y" = Y' - X' + X, (*)

where Y' is the adjusted ASM value, Y' is the ASM sample estimate for the current year, X' is the ASM 

sample estimate for the Census year, and X is the total Census for the Census year.

As all ASM quantities are also collected by the CM, the adjustment described can be done for the ASM 

variables individually. In order to have the MECS sample represent the 1988 MECS population as closely as 

possible, the MECS data should be adjusted in a way similar to the ASM. However, most data items collected 

by the MECS are not included on the CM. Data items included in the MECS are related to energy 

consumption and fuel switching, while ASM and CM data items are economic in nature. Therefore, a simple 

difference for corresponding items cannot be used to adjust MECS data as was done for the ASM data. 

Rather a measure that can be found on both the CM and the MECS must be used to ratio adjust all the 

MECS data items. The measure chosen was cost of fuels as it has shown a high correlation with energy 

consumption in the past.23

Essentially each MECS nonresponse-adjusted weight was further adjusted by multiplying the weight by the 

ratio of cost of fuels measured by the 1987 CM to the 1987 cost of fuels estimate by the MECS sample 

establishments. This ratio was computed for each of the 30 MECS sampling strata (20 two-digit industry

21For the 1985 MECS there was a separate adjustment for employment size category as well as for sampling stratum. That added 

separation proved not to be worthwhile.

^For a more detailed discussion, see U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, The Annual Survey of Manufactures: 

A Report on Methodology, Technical Paper No. 24, U.S. Government Printing Office (Washington, DC, February 1971).

"Correlation coefficients between 1981 ASM establishment values of total purchased fuels and electric energy and the cost of 

fuels and electric energy ranged from .78 to .98 within two-digit SIC categories. (Unpublished document, U.S. Department of 

Commerce, Bureau of the Census.)

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 141
groups and 10 four-digit industries). For highly disaggregated estimates, the ratio adjustment is not as 

advantageous as for others. Indeed, as the same adjustment is used for all estimates within a stratum, it is 

possible that the adjustment could affect some estimates in an adverse way. This problem is discussed in 

greater detail in Appendix B, Quality of the Data. The ratio adjustment to the MECS weights takes the 

following form:

cu

uses 

v^ (FK CF )

where Rt is the adjustment to the MECS nonresponse adjusted weight in stratum s, CFsj is the 1987 cost of 

fuels value for establishment j from the 1987 CM, Wt] is the nonresponse adjusted 1988 MECS weight for 

establishment i in stratum s, and CF^ is the 1987 cost of fuels value for 1988 MECS sample establishment i 

in stratum s.

As was discussed in "The Sampling Frame and Its Relationship to the Manufacturing Division", the adjustment 

of the sampling weights according to Equation (3) extends the MECS sample coverage to the entire 

manufacturing division. This was not the case in for the 1985 when no CM-based ratio adjustment was 

performed.24 The CM totals for cost of fuels includes the nonmail file imputed totals for cost of fuels as well 

as the mail file totals. Hence, by using the adjustment described in Equation (3), non-mail cases are also 

covered by the MECS.

Electricity Generation Estimates

In order to achieve greater reliability in electricity generation statistics, EIA decided to add a sample of known 

electricity-generating establishments. This supplemental sample included all establishments that reported at 

least 10,000 kWh of generation on the 1987 CM, that were not already in the MECS sample. As a result, all 

establishments with estimated electricity generation over the 10,000 kWh threshold were included in the MECS 

with certainty. All of those establishments, including those that were already in the MECS, were given 

conditional MECS sampling weights of 1 when electricity generation and sales statistics were computed. 

Recall that an establishment's MECS weight is a product of its ASM sampling weight and its conditional 

MECS weight. Therefore, only the ASM sampling weight was relevant for the computation of generation 

statistics for the 1987-identified electricity generating establishments. The establishments in the special 

electricity supplement were excluded from the computation of other estimates. If an establishment was already 

in the MECS sample, but was not among the establishments identified as having 10,000 kWh of electricity 

generation in 1987, its MECS weight was used for all estimation, including electricity generation and sales.

In the computation of "net electricity" (for example, see Table 1), normal weighting schemes were used and 

the supplemental electricity-generator sample was not included. Net electricity is the sum of electricity receipts 

and generation by renewable energy sources minus sales and transfers out. Although it is reasonable to 

estimate generation by renewable sources and sales and transfers out by using the supplemental sample, 

electricity receipts is more appropriately estimated by the normal methods. That is because virtually all 

establishments purchase or transfer in electricity regardless of whether they have onsite generation. Therefore, 

in order to estimate each component of net electricity using the same weighting scheme and to maintain 

compatibility with the 1985 MECS, the supplemental sample was not used for the estimation of net electricity.

24The 1985 and 1988 MECS samples were both based on the 1982 CM file, augmented with updates to represent subsequent 

population changes as well as possible. Because the elapsed time between the 1985 MECS and the 1982 CM was shorter, there was 

less coverage degradation in the first cycle. As the 1987 CM and the 1988 MECS covered the same population, the adjustment 

described in equation (3) is a natural one. However, there were no corresponding Census data available to adjust the 1985 MECS.

142 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Feedstocks and Offsite-Produced Fuel at Petroleum Refineries

The basic function of a petroleum refinery (SIC 2911) is to manufacture a wide variety of petroleum products 

from crude oil and other liquid hydrocarbon inputs. Those products can be grouped into three classes of use. 

The largest portion of refinery output is in the form of fuels that are ultimately consumed strictly for their 

energy content (e.g., motor gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil). Many refinery products, however, are 

consumed, not for their energy content, but for their chemical properties. This class of energy products is 

generally known as petrochemical feedstocks. Finally, a third class of products consists of finished materials 

that are consumed for specific physical properties, rather than for their energy content or chemical properties. 

Those finished materials include asphalt, lubricants, waxes, and solvents, and are referred to as nonenergy 

products.25

The MECS was specifically designed to collect information on the consumption of energy for heat, power, and 

electricity generation, and as petrochemical feedstocks and other raw material inputs. The consumption of 

energy was reported directly by the establishments in the MECS sample, and the estimates in this report reflect 

that consumption. For most industries, the end result of energy inputs is manufactured products that are not 

considered energy products. However, fuels and some petrochemical feedstocks produced from refinery inputs 

are treated as energy products by their subsequent users26, and are reported not only in other manufacturing 

industries, but also in EIA surveys of consumption in other end-use sectors (residential households, residential 

vehicles, and commercial buildings). In that sense, refineries do not "use up" the majority of their inputs. 

They merely convert them from one form of energy (for example, crude oil) to another more usable form (for 

example, motor gasoline). Therefore, classifying refinery inputs that go into fuels and certain petrochemical 

feedstocks as refinery consumption would have resulted in massive double counting of total energy 

consumption, both within the manufacturing division, and across end-use sectors in the U.S. economy.

The third class of refinery products, nonenergy products, must be treated differently. The creation of those 

products by the refinery also requires energy inputs, primarily crude oil. The products are combustible and 

have a known heat content expressed in British thermal units (Btu). Asphalt, for example, contains 6.636 

million Btu per 42-gallon barrel. However, the products are not recognized as energy by their subsequent 

consumers, and no provision was made for collecting data on their consumption from the MECS respondents. 

Therefore, the transformation of energy inputs to nonenergy products must be counted as refinery 

consumption, or it will never be accounted for anywhere in EIA's consumption surveys.

One characteristic of petroleum refineries is that, except for losses caused by spills, contamination, etc., the 

Btu content of the energy inputs exactly equals the Btu content of the outputs. Therefore, one only needs to 

know the quantities of those nonenergy products that were shipped by a refinery in order to know the quantity 

of energy inputs that was used to produce them. The EIA produces such information for all refinery products 

from the "Monthly Refinery Report," Form EIA-810. This form collects information on the monthly 

shipments from the universe of refineries in the United States. These data were the basis for estimating the 

input energy requirements for the nonenergy products.

The shipment quantities of the nonenergy products and certain classifications of petrochemical feedstocks, as 

reported on the "Monthly Refinery Report," were converted to Btu and summed to produce a monthly refinery 

total. Those totals were then summed across refineries and months to produce the total Btu value of refinery 

shipments of nonenergy products for 1988. That total was used to represent the total Btu value of the inputs 

used to produce the nonenergy products, and was inserted directly into the appropriate tables of this report 

to represent nonfuel consumption in refineries. (See "Survey Estimates" in this appendix.) Because the

^Certain petroleum products can be classified according to the end-user of the product. For example, propane might be a fuel or 

a feedstock depending on the needs of the receiving establishment.

26Whether a respondent reports a petrochemical feedstock as an energy source receipt often depends on the type of feedstock 

received. If the feedstock received is commonly used as a fuel, such as distillate fuel oil or ethane, then it is assumed that respondents 

will report it as an energy source receipt. If the refinery product received for petrochemical feedstock use is not normally considered 

a fuel, the assumption is made that respondents would not report it as an energy source receipt.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 143
individual energy inputs corresponding to these shipments were not identified, the Btu value was entered in 

the "other" column.

The "Monthly Refinery Report" covers only the refinery part of an establishment while the MECS Forms EIA846A through C cover energy use at the entire site, as defined by the Bureau of the Census. This difference 

affects MECS estimation only for cases in which a MECS report reflects energy use at both a refinery and a 

co-located petrochemical plant. For these cases, establishment nonfuel use is not completely estimated by 

shipments of refinery nonenergy products as measured by the EIA-810. There were no data items on the 1985 

MECS survey to isolate refinery nonfuel use from that of the co-located petrochemical plant. This situation 

is corrected for the 1988 MECS. The format of the MECS refining report, Form EIA-846(B), (Appendix C), 

allows the inclusion of energy-related data from a petrochemical plant co-located with the refinery. Form 

EIA-846(B) collected nonfuel use at and shipments of energy sources from the co-located petrochemical plant 

(Columns 9 and 10 of Section II, Version A of EIA-846(B)). The total Btu of the consumption as a nonfuel 

minus the petrochemical plant shipments of energy sources is added across energy sources and establishments 

to the previously discussed refinery shipments of nonenergy sources. Note that for the petrochemical plant, 

estimation of nonfuel use is measured directly as the majority of that usage does not appear in products that 

will later be converted to fuel use by other manufacturing plants. The additional nonfuel use estimated for 

the adjoining petrochemical plants proved to be small relative to the refinery usage. That result was due 

mainly because the majority of petrochemical plants report separately on the MECS.

The EIA-810 data are also used to calculate the offsite-produced fuel use at the refinery establishment. (See 

"Derived Values" in this appendix.) Because Version A of Section II of Form EIA-846(B) collects only total 

fuel use of petroleum products (regardless of their origin), it was necessary to use the EIA-810 data to 

calculate the offsite-produced fuel ratio for those products. Estimation of the ratio utilized the same 

assumptions described in the section on "Assumptions Underlying Derived Values" except that EIA-810 data 

were used instead. This ratio is then applied to the MECS estimated value of total fuel.27 Thus, this 

calculation takes the form:

F- (4)

rp,MECS

where Op>MECS is the MECS estimate of the contribution of fuel consumption of offsite-produced petroleum 

product p, Op,EiA-8io is the EIA-810 estimate of the contribution to fuel consumption of offsite-produced 

petroleum product/?, -Fp,MECs is the MECS estimate of total fuel use of petroleum product/?, and FfElA_g10 is 

the EIA-810 estimate of the total fuel use of petroleum product p.

Estimates of the contribution to fuel consumption of offsite-produced nonpetroleum products are calculated 

directly from MECS data, using the same method employed in other SIC's.

Survey Estimates

Except for some estimates of energy consumption for nonfuel purposes at petroleum refineries, all energy 

consumption and energy-related statistics produced from MECS data are calculated by combining the data 

collected from the responding establishments with the adjusted sampling weights. These weights establish the 

relationship between the responding establishments and the manufacturing division as defined for the MECS. 

Two types of statistics are shown in this report: aggregates (for example, total natural gas consumption in the 

hydraulic cement industry), and ratios (for example, the amount of fuel consumed per dollar of value added 

in the manufacturing division). These statistics are based on the originally reported values, or the derived 

values reported earlier, and appear in Tables 1 through 31.

27The MECS value for total fuel would also include the amount used at the adjoining petrochemical plant if one were present. 

Using a refinery-based ratio from the EIA-810 on this portion of the establishment is a source of error. However, refinery fuel use 

will usually dominate the petrochemical fuel use especially for petroleum products.

144 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Tables 1 and 7 present estimates of the total primary consumption of energy for all purposes by the 

manufacturing division. This measure is intended to represent total demand for energy by manufactures. 

Except for petroleum refineries (see "Feedstocks and Offsite-Produce Fuel at Petroleum Refineries" in this 

appendix), the estimates in Tables 1 and 7 are based on the following derived values:

 Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced offsite

 Energy consumed onsite for nonfuel purposes and produced offsite

 ':, Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced onsite from nonenergy inputs

'

' Energy consumed onsite for nonfuel purposes and produced onsite from nonenergy inputs.

They also include estimates of net electricity and steam consumption; that is, purchases plus transfers in and 

generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred out. Primary 

consumption excludes quantities of energy that were produced from other energy inputs and, therefore, avoids 

double-counting.

The estimates shown in the petroleum refinery row of Table 1 are conceptually different from the estimates 

in the other rows of that table. For all industries except petroleum refineries, each cell represents the total 

primary consumption of energy for all purposes. In the petroleum refinery row, the cell entries for "net 

electricity" through "coke and breeze" represent only the quantities of given type of energy that was consumed 

as a fuel. The "other" cell of the petroleum refinery row includes other energy that was consumed as a fuel 

plus the quantity of energy (mostly crude oil) that was consumed for the production of nonenergy products, 

as estimated by the Btu value of the shipments. Note that although the estimates shown in the refinery row 

are computed differently, the total Btu does represent a nonduplicative measure of primary consumption.

Table 7 shows primary consumption for all purposes by economic characteristics of the establishment. For 

that table, the row entitled "not ascertainable" includes, in the "other" column, the total quantity of energy 

consumed for the production of nonenergy products by refineries. The quantities of energy consumed for the 

production of heat and power in refineries are included throughout the remainder of the table, depending on 

the value of shipments or employment size of the responding establishment.

Tables 2 and 8 present the total primary consumption of combustible energy for nonfuel purposes. These 

tables are based upon aggregates of the derived values of energy produced offsite plus those produced onsite 

from nonenergy inputs, and consumed onsite for nonfuel purposes. Tables 2 and 8 present the nonfuel 

primary consumption component of Tables 1 and 7. The entry in the "other" column of the petroleum refinery 

row of Table 2 represents the total inputs (mostly crude oil) for the production of nonenergy products. The 

other cells in the petroleum refinery row contain a zero entry because the table represents consumption for 

nonfuel purposes only, and the refinery inputs are available in aggregate form only.

Except for petroleum refineries (see "Feedstocks and Offsite-Produce Fuel at Petroleum Refineries" in this 

appendix), the estimates in Tables 2 and 8 are based on the following derived values:

» Energy consumed onsite for nonfuel purposes and produced offsite

 Energy consumed onsite for nonfuel purposes and produced onsite from nonenergy inputs.

Tables 3 and 9 present estimates of input energy for the production of heat, power, and electricity generation. 

For combustible energy, the estimates are based upon the originally reported MECS questionnaire responses 

to "Quantity consumed onsite in 1988 as a fuel" (see Appendix C). That reported value is exactly equal to the 

sum of the following derived values:

 Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced offsite

 Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced onsite from nonenergy inputs

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 145
N 2_" Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced onsite from energy products.

Thus, the estimates of combustible energy in Tables 3 and 9 represent total consumption as a fuel, regardless 

of where the energy was produced.

It should be noted that the consumption estimates for combustible energy are not duplicative with respect to 

fuel use. There is obviously no duplication for quantities that were produced offsite as well as those produced 

onsite from nonenergy inputs. The situation is not as clear for quantities produced onsite from other energy 

inputs, however. Those quantities result from the consumption of an energy as a feedstock or raw material 

input. They do not result from the consumption of an energy as a fuel.

Examples of energy produced onsite from other energy inputs include,

 Coke oven gas produced as a byproduct of the destructive distillation of coal to produce coke

 Petroleum coke produced in refineries as a result of the high temperature treatment of petroleum 

fractions

 Still gas produced in refineries as a result of distillation, cracking, reforming, and other processes.

From those examples, it is clear that the input energy was not consumed as a fuel and would not have been 

included elsewhere in Tables 3 and 9.

The estimates of electricity and steam (note that steam is included in the "other" energy category) must 

conform to the same criteria as combustible energy. That is, they must represent inputs to produce heat and 

power, and to generate electricity that do not duplicate energy content represented elsewhere in Tables 3 and 

9.

In the case of electricity, the quantities generated onsite by conventional generation or cogeneration must be 

excluded because the input fuels to produce the electricity (coal, for example) are already counted elsewhere 

in the table. Thus, the nonduplicative measure of electricity input for Tables 3 and 9 is the same net electricity 

estimate that appeared in Tables 1 and 7. The same rationale applies to steam. Onsite production is excluded 

because the input fuel would be counted elsewhere. Thus, the allocation of energy to the various sources 

shown in Tables 3 and 9 is consistent with a concept of "first use" of energy for heat, power, and electricity 

generation.

Tables 4 and 10 present the total consumption as a fuel of offsite-produced energy. As noted, these estimates 

are approximately definitionally equivalent to the Census Bureau's "purchased" fuels.

The estimates in Tables 4 and 10 are based on the following derived value:

 Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced offsite.

Tables 5 and 11 present total shell storage capacity of residual oil, distillate oil and LPG. Shell storage 

capacity includes all onsite capacity, including that which is dedicated or leased for storage of energy owned 

by other establishments.

Tables 6 and 12 present estimates of several energy-related operating ratios. These estimates are computed 

from energy data reported by the MECS responding establishments and economic data reported on the ASM 

for the same establishments. The consumption values used in the formation of these ratios are the total 

consumption values for heat and power appearing in Tables 3 and 9. It is not possible to exactly reconstruct 

the 1988 ASM estimates of economic variables by dividing MECS consumption by corresponding ratios of 

consumption per economic unit. Due to different purposes of the MECS and ASM, the size and weighting 

scheme of the MECS and ASM samples are different. Therefore, a MECS estimate for an economic variable 

would be expected to be slightly different due to sampling error, especially for the entries representing a 

relatively small number of establishments.

146 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Table 13 presents quantities of total inputs of byproduct and "other" energy sources used for heat, power, and 

electricity generation. These estimates are components of the estimates of combustible energy sources found 

in the last column of Tables 3 and 9. Net steam (see explanation for Tables 3 and 9) is not included in Table 

13 but is included in the "Other" column in Tables 3 and 9.

Tables 14 and 15 present components of electricity demand. These quantities are calculated directly from 

responses to the MECS questionnaire. The quantities for purchases and other receipts are calculated using 

the normal MECS sample while the onsite generation and sales and/or transfers out quantity are calculated 

using the supplemental electricity generator sample and special weighting scheme. Note that the quantity "net 

demand for electricity" is not equivalent to "net electricity" shown in Tables 1, 3, 7, and 9. The latter quantity 

excludes onsite generation by combustible energy sources.

Tables 16 through 19 present quantities of electricity and steam purchases from utilities and nonutilities. 

These quantities are weighted totals of reported responses. A "utility" is defined as a company that produces 

and/or delivers electricity and/or natural gas, and is legally obligated to provide service to the public within 

its franchise area.

Tables 20 and 21 present quantities of electricity sold to utility and nonutility purchasers. These data are 

weighted totals of reported responses. The quantities of sales are estimated using the supplemental electricity 

generator sample.

Tables 22 and 23 present components of onsite electricity generation. These components are cogeneration, 

generation using renewable energy sources, and conventional generation using combustible energy sources. 

These data are weighted totals of reported responses. The quantities are estimated using the supplemental 

electricity generator sample.

Tables 24 and 25 show breakdowns of total onsite electricity generation by status of interconnection with a 

utility and/or designation as a "qualifying facility". An establishment is "interconnected" with a utility if it has 

the capability to deliver electricity to the grid as well as receive electricity from it. A qualifying facility must 

meet the requirements of an independent generator as defined in the Public Utilities Regulatory Policy Act 

(PURPA) of 1978 (see "Glossary").

Tables 26 through 31 present purchases, expenditures, and average prices for energy sources. The purchased 

quantities shown in Tables 26 and 27 are not values of consumption. These data are the amounts actually 

purchased in the open market regardless of their later disposition. Quantities received through transfers or 

from a central purchasing office are excluded. The prices shown in Tables 30 and 31 are the results of simple 

division of the expenditures presented in Tables 28 and 29 by the purchased quantities in Tables 26 and 27. 

Prices shown in Part 1 of Table 30 and the top panel of Table 31 are expressed in dollars per physical unit, 

while prices shown in Part 2 of Table 30 and the bottom panel of Table 31 are expressed in dollars per Btu. 

Both the expenditures and quantities purchased were values estimated directly from responses to the MECS 

questionnaires.

The Heat Content of Energy

Most of the estimates of individual energy in this report are presented in physical units (kilowatthours, barrels, 

and short tons). Row totals and combinations of types of energy are presented in Btu. Table 1 is presented 

in physical units and Btu in Parts 1 and 2, respectively.

A Btu is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. 

Thus, converting physical units of a given type of energy to Btu is a means of expressing the heat content of 

that energy. All Btu quantities are in terms of higher heating value, with no regard for efficiency of use. 

Because no energy consumption process is 100 percent efficient (although some are considerably more energy 

efficient than others), Btu figures must be considered as the maximum available heat content. The following 

table presents the Btu conversion factors of major types of energy.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 147
Table A1. Conversion of Physical Units to British Thermal Units

Type of Energy British Thermal Units 

(thousands)

Electric Energy (1,000 kilowatthours) ...................................... 3,412

Residual Fuel Oil (42 gallon barrel) ....................................... 6,287

Distillate Fuel Oil (42 gallon barrel) ....................................... 5,825

Natural Gas (1,000 cubic feet) ........................................... 1,032

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (42 gallon barrel) ................................. 3,603

Coke and Breeze (short ton) ............................................ 24,800

Coal Used as Fuel (short ton) ........................................... 22,012

Coal Used for Coking (short ton) ........................................ 26,800

Source: Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, (September 1990), pp. 124-127.

148 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Appendix B

Quality of 

the Data
Appendix B

Quality of the Data

Introduction

All data collection activities and the estimates produced from them are subject to a variety of errors. These 

errors may be broadly classified under two general types, sampling and nonsampling errors.

Sampling errors are defined as the variability in a survey estimator that arises because data are collected from 

a sample of units rather than the entire population. Each possible sample produces different estimates of 

population parameters, depending on the set of respondents that are selected. Nonsampling errors, on the 

other hand, occur in any data collection activity, whether a sample survey or a complete enumeration of the 

population. Nonsampling errors are attributable to all aspects of the total survey design other than the 

sampling process, and can include both random and systematic (biasing) errors. Commonly recognized sources 

of nonsampling error include undercoverage, random and systematic response errors, nonresponse, data 

processing errors, and tabulation errors. This appendix describes the effect of both sampling and nonsampling 

errors on data from the MECS. More details are presented in the methodological report for the MECS.28

Sampling Error

The estimated values appearing in this report were developed from a sample of manufacturing establishments 

and, as a result, will differ from true population values that would be obtained from a complete enumeration. 

This is because the MECS sample is only one of a very large number of samples that could have been selected 

under the same sampling specifications. Each possible sample would yield its own estimates of the true 

population values, with the differences attributable to the particular set of establishments selected into each 

sample.

One measure of variability due to sampling is the average difference between the estimates that would be 

produced by all possible samples and the mean value of these estimates. This type of measure is commonly 

known as sampling error. Estimates of the magnitude of these sampling errors based on data from a single 

sample are provided by a statistic known as the standard error of an estimate. Standard errors for MECS 

estimates are computed from the reported data using the formula:

M^

where Y = E(y^V-) is the MECS survey estimator, y{ is the reported value of characteristic Y for the /lh MECS 

sample case, W-t is the final adjusted weight used to inflate the sample data to population estimates, and n is 

the number of MECS respondents. Justification for this formula is found in the MECS methodological report.

Estimates of standard errors have been computed from the MECS sample data for the estimated aggregate 

values and ratios appearing in this report. They are presented in the form of relative standard errors (RSE),

Energy Information Administration, Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Methodological Report, 1985. Although this report 

describes data quality in the 1985 MECS, much of the discussion still holds for the 1988 MECS.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 151
that is, the standard error divided by the estimated value to which it refers. The RSE's are given in Tables 

32 through 62 in the section titled "Relative Standard Errors."

The estimates in this report can be used to produce proportion statistics based on the ratio of various 

estimates reported in the tables. Proportions are not given in the "Detailed Statistics Tables" but can be used 

to clarify the analysis. A proportion is the statistic of the form

where Yand % are survey-based estimates of aggregate parameters Yand X, respectively, and characteristic 

X "encompasses" characteristic Y. That is, each population element (and, thus, each sample case) that 

contributes to Y also contributes to X, and the value of X for each element is greater than or equal to the 

value of y.

The RSE's of aggregate statistics can be used to produce approximate errors for proportions. The 

straightforward additive error formula shown in Equation (1) gives rise to a similarly straightforward upper 

bound approximation to the error of an estimated proportion. The approximation can be expressed in terms 

of the RSEs of the aggregate statistics entering into the proportion as

RSE(F) * \l[RSE(fi]2 • (1 -2F) + [RSE(X)]2 . 

Justification for this formula is found in the MECS methodological report.

Nonsampling Errors and Bias

Nonsampling errors that affect MECS survey data can be divided into four major categories:

 Operational errors, including editing, coding, and tabulation errors.

 Errors of measurement, including a lack of precision by the respondent, failure of the respondent to 

understand instructions, etc..

 Errors of estimation, including the assumptions underlying the derived values.

 Errors of nonobservation, including nonresponse and noncoverage.

These errors are collectively referred to as nonsampling errors because they are not related to the sampling 

process, and, thus, would be equally likely to occur in a complete census or a sample survey.

It is felt that operational errors are not a major concern for the estimates included in this report. The quality 

control procedures that were employed for check-in, editing, coding and keying the returned questionnaires 

(Appendix A) are standard procedures that are in place at the Bureau of the Census and have withstood the 

test of time. Data tabulations were verified by comparing marginal totals in tables generated from files 

supplied to EIA with corresponding totals generated directly from microdata files held at the Census Bureau.

Errors of measurement are a concern in any data collection activity. The survey results for the MECS were 

subjected to extensive editing procedures which were specifically designed to detect errors of measurement. 

Responses that failed these tests for reasonableness and consistency were recalled by analysts familiar with 

manufacturing processes and energy use. Major errors, including omissions and misreporting by orders of 

magnitude, were corrected. No editing procedure is capable of identifying all measurement errors, however,

152 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
and some small errors will remain. To the extent that these errors are due to random, rather than systematic 

misjudgments, they are compensating in the aggregate totals presented in this report, and it is believed that 

there are few large systematic biases that result from them.

Errors of estimation could have resulted from the assumptions that underlie the derived values (Appendix A), 

and the estimates of the consumption of onsite- and offsite-produced fuels and raw material inputs could be 

biased as a result of such errors. For example, the assumption that energy produced onsite is consumed as 

an input or feedstock before any is consumed as a fuel could result in consistently underestimating the 

consumption of "over the fence" feedstocks and overestimating the consumption of "over the fence" fuels. 

These nonsampling errors, if present, are relevant only for tables in this report that are based on derived 

values. Estimates based upon reported values would not be subject to this potential source of bias.

Finally, several potential sources of nonsampling error and bias result from errors of nonobservation. As 

described in Appendix A, the 1988 MECS data were adjusted to cover the entire universe of manufacturers. 

Although this represents more complete coverage than the 1985 MECS, the additional coverage does not 

eliminate the need to make certain assumptions about the adjustments. For both the coverage and the 

nonresponse adjustments, the procedure was to ratio-adjust the weighted data from the MECS respondents 

to the estimated totals for the universe that was targeted by the MECS frame and sample design. Clearly, had 

these adjustments not been performed, the estimates produced from only the responding establishments would 

not have been representative of the target universe for the MECS. Such estimates would have been biased. 

Adjusting the sampling weights to reflect the target universe is an attempt to mitigate the potential effects of 

such a bias.

As described in Appendix A, separate adjustment factors were developed for each sampling stratum. 

Nonresponse adjustment factors were calculated for each of the 30 sampling strata using estimated 1988 fuel 

consumption for heat and power as estimated by the total measure of size for each stratum. Each stratum 

represents a relatively homogeneous subgrouping of establishments with respect to primary product output 

and level of fuel consumption.

Implicit in that procedure is the assumption that primary product output and level of fuel consumption are 

highly correlated with energy consumption patterns, so that the establishments within a stratum would also 

be homogeneous with respect to the quantities, types, and shares of energy consumed as fuels and for nonfuel 

purposes. Also, the weight adjustment method assumes that the relationship between survey variables of 

interest and the measure of size used for constructing the weight adjustment is the same for the population 

covered by MECS respondents within an adjustment stratum as it is for the rest of the population within that 

stratum.

To the extent that the nonresponding establishments within the adjustment cells share the energy consumption 

patterns of the responding establishments within the strata, the resulting adjustments to the MECS estimates 

will tend to be minimally biased. If, on the other hand, the energy consumption patterns of the responding 

and nonresponding establishments differ substantially, the resulting adjustments are potentially biased, and 

may not represent the originally targeted MECS universe.

The cost-of-fuels ratio adjustment was a correction for differential changes in the MECS sample and the 

population that it represents. The comparison of the 1988 MECS estimate to the 1988 ASM estimate for 

electricity receipts indicated that the adjustment benefitted that MECS estimate. The expectation is that at 

the stratum by United States level and the region total level, the adjustment will provide large benefits. Most 

benefitted at these levels are the estimates for each of the major fuel consumption categories, as each of these 

is expected to have a high correlation with cost of fuels.

The level of improvement at the region-by-stratum level is unclear. Within a stratum, the same cost of fuels 

ratio was used for each establishment. Thus, it is possible that for some estimates at the regional level the 

adjustment might have done more harm than good. EIA weighed this possibility against the expected benefits 

at the national level and decided to use the adjustment.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 153
More detailed information on sources of nonsampling error in the MECS can be found in the methodological 

report.

Comparison with Other Data Sources

It is difficult to compare the results of the MECS with the results of other data collection efforts because of 

definitional and coverage differences. Table Bl presents the MECS estimates of total 1988 consumption of 

energy in manufacturing, along with consumption values produced from other EIA survey systems and 

published in other report series. The other survey data are presented as they are published, that is, in physical 

units or Btu, while the MECS data are shown on both scales for purposes of comparison.

MECS values are slightly to substantially lower than the other values, due primarily to differences in 

population coverage, as explained in the footnotes of Table Bl. All of the non-MECS values cover the 

"industrial11 division, which is commonly defined to consist of manufacturing, mining, construction, and 

agriculture (industries classified in SIC categories 01-39). However, there is some variability in the actual 

definitions, as explained in the footnotes.

The only non-MECS estimates that are based on a survey of consumers for the entire manufacturing division 

are the coal statistics. The quantity shown in Table Bl for coal consumption was collected by another EIA 

survey, the "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report Manufacturing Plants," Form EIA-3, and published in the 

Quarterly Coal Report29. The value is less than the MECS value for primary consumption. However, coal 

used at coke plants is excluded from the coal report quantity but included in the MECS quantity. Conversely, 

coal used at coal gasification projects are included in the coal report quantity but excluded from the MECS. 

Thus, it is important to realize specific coverage differences when comparing quantities that purport to 

measure the same characteristic.

The "Annual Refinery Report," Form EIA-820, is sent exclusively to petroleum refiners, and the resulting 

estimates appear in the Petroleum Supply Annual30. A section of the survey collects refinery fuel use. The 

difference between the EIA-820 and MECS survey estimates for total fuel are most likely due to differences 

in coverage. The "Annual Refinery Report" covers the refinery portion of the establishment only. The MECS 

covers the entire establishment site, including an adjoining petrochemical plant that does not report separately 

on the Census of Manufactures or MECS. Again, underlying differences in coverage can help to explain 

differences in estimates that are ostensibly equivalent.

All other survey estimates shown are based on delivery data from the account records of energy suppliers. The 

sectoral designation of an account is sometimes based on the rate class to which a customer is assigned by the 

supplier rather than on the activities in which the customer is engaged. Therefore, it is likely that some 

industrial facilities are counted as nonindustrial energy use, and vice versa. The magnitude and direction of 

the effect of this sectoral crossover is difficult to determine.31

Even with the differences just mentioned, it is interesting to note that manufacturing (and, thus, the MECS 

estimates) accounts for a large proportion of total industrial energy use, except for petroleum products. The 

greatest disassociation between supply data and consumption occurs for petroleum products. A source of 

measurement error is that the major suppliers of petroleum products are within the economic sector for which 

consumption measurement is being performed. Another probable source of discrepancy is the allocation of 

distillate fuel oil and motor gasoline (not included in the displayed MECS estimate). Supply data are allocated 

on the basis of "off-highway" use, while MECS use is measured as "onsite." These definitions may not be 

equivalent.32 The fact that only residual oil, distillate oil, and LPG are included in the MECS estimate has

Energy Information Administration, Quarterly Coal Report, DOE/EIA-0121 (Washington, DC, various dates).

'"Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Supply Annual, DOE/EIA-0340 (Washington, DC, various dates).

31For further discussion of this topic, see Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector: A Comparison of Measures by Consumption and 

Supply Surveys, pp. 13-15.

32For further discussion of the discrepancy in supply and consumption data in the industrial sector for petroleum products, see 

Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector: A Comparison of Measures by Consumption and Supply Surveys, pp. 34-36.

154 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
relatively little effect on the comparison, because other petroleum products are minor contributors to 

consumption in manufacturing (so minor that they are grouped in the "other" category for MECS 

publications). The majority of petroleum use in the industrial sector appears to take place in agriculture, 

mining, and construction.

After differences of coverage and sectoral definitions are taken into account, no obvious measurement 

differences remain that cannot be explained by the sampling variability inherent in the MECS. It is likely that 

some estimation biases will occur for scattered small population subgroups and certain specialized energy 

measures. In fact, some estimates in the data tables of this report have been suppressed because Census 

Bureau analysis that biases were likely. However, national-level estimates for comprehensive energy use 

measures appear to have no major problems.

Table B1. Estimates of the Consumption of Major Types of Energy in the Industrial Sector, 1988

Type of Energy MECS Consumption8

Primary Total Input

Monthly 

Energy 

Review

Electric 

Power 

Annual

Natural 

Gas 

Annual0

Quarterly 

Coal 

Reportd

Petroleum 

Supply 

Annual6

Electricity

Billion kWh 

Trillion Btu .

703 703

2,398 2,398

896

Natural Gas

Billion Cubic Feet 

Trillion Btu ......

Coal

Thousand Short Tons 

Trillion Btu ........

Total Petroleum Products 

Trillion Btu ........

5,695

5,860

97,582

2,363

1,812

Petroleum Refineries Only 

Trillion Btu .........

5,141

5,290

57,512

1,323

881

3,052

3,059

7,697

2,828

8,463

7,479

69,546

2,819

aEstimates are from the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) and cover the manufacturing industries (SIC 20-39).

bEstimates cover the manufacturing industries, plus agriculture, mining, and construction (SIC 01-39). The estimate for natural 

gas consumption published in the Monthly Energy Review excludes consumption in the agricultural sector.

cThe estimate covers the manufacturing industries plus the mining and construction industries (SIC 10-39). Lease and plant fuel 

at natural gas extraction sites, which would ordinarily be considered mining consumption, is shown separately in the Natural Gas 

Annual because of its subject matter interest, and is included here.

^The estimate covers the manufacturing industries (SIC 20-39), and includes the coal used at coal gasification projects (classified 

in the mining sector). It excludes the coal used in coke plants.

^The estimate covers fuel use at petroleum refineries (SIC 2911) only. The fuel used at petrochemical plants is excluded. The 

MECS estimate for SIC 2911 includes petrochemical fuel use if the petrochemical plant does not report separately on the Census or 

Annual Survey of Manufactures.

Oil products included in the MECS estimates are residual fuel, distillate fuel oil, and LPG. All petroleum products are included 

in the estimate published in the Monthly Energy Review.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 155
Appendix C

Manufacturing 

Energy 

Consumption 

Survey Forms
Appendix C

1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey

Form EIA-846A

FORM EIA846A P-M . !».'.,.«, (H/ 1

-,PdrU'i'iy "" r,l'n(j data soun.es g 

-rulior jerid ' omrnenti regarding t

0MB No. 1 905-01 6£

iheting and maintaining the data ne 

is burden estimate or any other asp

Mod Si-lion 1H 023 hortHStal 1000 independence Avenue, SW. Washington, DC 20485; 

U S. DEPARTMENT^ COMMERCE Ktyyiaiu^ Altai's Office of Mdnagemem and Budget, Washington, DC 20503.

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION

1988 

MANUFACTURING ENERGY 

CONSUMPTION SURVEY

NOTICE - This survey is mandatory under 

the Federal Energy Administration Act of 

1 974. PL. 93-275, and under Title 3, Subtitle 

B of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act Ptease corr 

of 1 986, PL 99-509. Failure to respond may lj^|^^^^___ 

result in criminal fines, civil penalties, and ^^BIBBBEM 

other sanctions as provided by law. The BHfPMiHllKnl 

confldantlallty of your response to this HllBj|jlj|lMl| 

survey Is protactad by law (title 13, U.S. ^^mWm^m^mM 

Code). Your response may be seen only by 

sworn Census employees and may be used Dt|E DATE: 

only (or statistical purposes The law also 

provides that copies retained in your files are .. 

Immun. from ^1 proca*.. me'boveTddress "

: Approval Exoirw 04/30/91

per response, including the time of 

eded, and oxnpleting and reviewing 

*ct of this collect ton of information, 

Nice of Statistical Standards, El-73, 

nd to the Office of Information and

cm p*rtaining to this r«port, plaas* rafar to this CMI»U» Fila Numbar (CFN).

H 

J

ect errors in name, address, and ZIP Code. ENTER street and number if not shown.

UMPH^. BUREAU OF THi CENSUS ^ 

HUB^A 1201 East Tan* ttr*at 1 

[yjmi^^ JaffaraomKto, IN 47132 | p

JULY 20, 1989 a

9A

the due date, a time extension request should be sent to 

please include your 1 1 digrt Census File Number (CFN). '

NOTE

tmmtm rmmd thm mnclommd 

 fraction* bmform fHUng 

at tMm form. Complaf* 

tch ftwn. If you hmvm 

iy qumttioni, caff (3O1) 

83-7060.

^ Section 1 - NONCOMBUSTIBLE ENERGY SOURCES

Item description

(D

1a. During 1 988, what amount of each energy source 

was purchaaad by this establishment from 

utilKtaa and delivered to this establishment site?

1b. What was the total expenditure for the 

purchased energy sources reported on 

line la?

2a. During 1988, what amount of eltictricity and 

steam was purchasad from nonutllrty 

luppHart by this establishment and delivered 

to this establishment site?

2b. What was the total expenditure for the 

purchased electricity and steam reported 

on line 2a?

3. During 1 988, what amount of each energy source 

was trancfarrad from outskto aatabH*hmanto

and delivered to this establishment site? Do not 

include the purchases reported in lines 1 a or 2 a .

4. TOTAL electricity receipts. {Sum of lines la,2a, 

and 31 NOTE — Copy this quantity to column 2, 

line 1 of Section HI - FUEL SWITCHING.

5. During 1988, how much electricity was generated 

on this establishment site by cogeneration?

6. During 1 988, how much of each energy source 

was generated onsite from solar power, wind 

power, hydropower, and geothermal sources?

7. During 1 988, how much electricity was 

generated onsite by processes other than those 

covered on lines 5 and 6?

8. During 1988, how much electricity was sold or 

transferred to utilities?

9. During 1 988, how much of each energy source 

was sold or transferred to establishments other 

than utilities?

10. If line 3, column 2 has a nonzero entry, and any of 

your electricity suppliers was another establishment 

of your company, identify that establishment at 

right. If you received electricity transfers from more 

than one establishment of your company, provide 

their identifying information in the "Remarks" section.

Electricity

109 (2)

Kilowatthours

Mil. ' Thou. ' kWh

i 1 Dollars

Mil. ' Thou. ' Dol.

1

Kilo watt hours

Mil ' Thou. ' kWh

1 1 Dollars

Mil. ' Thou. Dol. 

1

1

Kilowattho rs

Mil. ' Thou. kWh 

1

1 

1

!

!

Name of energy supplier

Steam

117 . ,

Million Btu

Dollars

Mil. 'Thou. 'Dol.

1 i

Million Btu

Dollars

Mil. 'Thou. 'Dol.

I i

Million Btu

Million Btu

Million Btu

Industrial hot water

125 (4 j

Million Btu

Dollars

Mil. 'Thou. ' Dol.

1 1

Million Btu

Million Btu

Million Btu

Address - Number and street

City State ZIP Code Phone number

I 1 Questions 11 and 12 below should be answered if this establishment generated any electricity onsite in 1988. If no 

electricity was generated onsite (column 2 has zero entries for lines 5, 6, and 7), omit questions 11 and 12 and proceed 

directly to Section II — Combustible Energy Sources.

1 1 . Was this establishment electrically interconnected with an electric utility (that is, able to deliver 

electricity to the grid as well as receive electricity) as of December 31 , 1 988? .................... i D Yes 2 D No

12. Was this establishment designated as a Qualifying Facility (QFt under Public Utility Regulatory 

Policies Act of 1 978 (PURPA) as of December 31 , 1 988? ...... ............................ i D Yes 2 D No

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 159
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846A (Continued)_____

Section II - COMBUSTIBLE ENERGY SOURCES

Fnof.jys.^iM.vs

! 1 '

Us,:

Only

'•2;

Units

used 

for

reporting 

quantities

13!

Energv sources received m 1 988

Quantity

delivered to this

(4)

Total expenditure, including 

delivery charges, of the

quantity in col. (4) 

(5t

Mil Thou Do!

Total other receipts

. central purchases)

(6)

1. Anthracite

2. Bituminous and subbituminous coal

4. Coal coke________________ _

5. Lignite____________________

6. Total coal and coke /Sum of anthracite, 

bituminous and subbituminous coat, 

breeze, coal coke and lignite) 455

7. Biomass

8. Petroleum coke

9. Roundwood (wood cut specifically 

for fuel use)

10. Waste materials (wastepaper, 

packing materials, etc.)

1 1 . Wood chips, bark, and wood waste

12. Other solids (Specify)

B. OASES

1 . Natural gas

2. Acetylene

3. Blast furnace gas

4. Coke oven gas

6. Hydrogen

6. Waste and byproduct gases {e.g., refinery 

off gas, vent gas, plant gas, still gas)

7. Other gases {Specify!

C. LIQUIDS

1. Distillate fuel oil (numbers 1 , 2, and 4 

fuel oila and diesell

2. Kerosene

3. LPG (athane, ethylene, propane, 

propylene, butane, butylena)

4. Motor gasoline

E. Pulping or Mack liquor

6. Residual fuel oil (numbers 5, 6, navy 

special, and bunker c)

7. Waste oils and tars

1. Other liquids /Specify!

Million 

901 Btu

BartaU

703

802

729

Million 

810 Blu

919

927

1,000 

cu. ft.

307

646

604

612

Million 

638 " 

620

935

943

1 

224 atrala

273

240 OaHoiM

2^ i

Million 

737 «"

Banate

216

71, I

Million 

950 «"

968 *

Enterthe total design storage capacity located onsrte as of December 31, 1988. for: 

la. Distillate fuel oil ..............................................

1b. Residual fuel oil ..............................................

It LPG .......................................................

form

.Barrel. 

.Barrels

Page 2

160 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846A (Continued)

Please «nt«r thin staMishmvnt » 1 1-di0il Canvus Fil« Number

FEne

Oui

>

Section II - COMBUSTIBLE ENERGY SOURCES - Continued

gy sources produced onsrte in 1 988 j Energy sources consumed

I Does the entry in coi (7) 

represent the O'oduct or ' 

ntity produced j byproduct of Quantity ; 

ons e | another energy source consumed as a fuel

|7) | |8' (9l

 

1 I i Yes 2 , j No

i ' , Yes 2 [ i No

Copy to line J ol section 3 -

1 n Yes 2 : _ No

1 n Ves 2 D No

iDYes ![jNo

1 L_ Yes 3 CD No

Copy to line f of section 3 7

iDves 2DNo

i G Yes 2 D No

i Dves 2 DNO

1 DYSS 2 DNO

i DYes 2 DNO

1 Dves 2 DNO

iDYes zdNo

Copy to line 1 of section 3 3

i n yes j n NO

i Dves 2 DNO

Copy to line J of section 3 -j

1 n yes 2 n No

i Dyes j DNO

i Q yes J n No

Copy to line 1ofsection3j

1 D Yes 2 n No

1 D Yes 2 n No

i D Yes 2 D No

i DYBS 2 DNO

Dnsne in 1 988

consumed Energy sources

for all nonfuet 

purposes 

(10) (111

A. SOLIDS

1 . Anthracite

2. Bituminous and subbituminous coal

3. Breeze

4. Coal coke

5. Lignite

6. Total coal and coke ISum of anthracite, 

bituminous and subbituminous coal, 

breeze, coal coke and lignite)

7, Biomass

8. Petroleum coke

9. Roundwood (wood cut specifically 

for fuel use)

10. Waste materials (wastepaper, 

packing materials, etc.)

1 1 . Wood chips, bark, and wood waste

12. Other solids

B. GASES

1. Natural gas

2. Acetylene

3. Blast furnace gas

4. Coke oven gas

5. Hydrogen

6. Waste and byproduct gam (e.g., refinery 

off gas, vent gas, plant gaa, still gas)

7. Other gases

C. LIQUIDS

1 . Distillate fuel oil (numbers 1 , 2, and 4 

fuel oils and dwael)

2. Kerosene

3. LPG lethane, ethylena. propane, 

propylene, butane, butytww)

4. Motor gasoline

6. Pulping or Mack liquor

6. Residual fuel oil (numbers 5, 6, navy 

special, and bunker c)

7. Waste oils and tars

8. Other liquids

Census 

Use 

Only

1121

406

414

448

430

422

456

901

703

802.

729

8.10

919

927

 3ft 7

04fl

81 2

838

 TO

935

»*3

"«

273

240

2J2

m

216

960

988

Page 3 ,

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 161
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

_____Form EIA-846A (Continued)_____

m Section III - FUEL SWITCHING

Item description

ID

1. Quantity consumed - Copy the total eU-ctnc.iv 

receipts from line 4 of section 1 anrl the -i^mMi'"-. o' 

coal and coke, natural gas, distillate fuel <><> ^ : 'G. iff 

residual fuel oil consumed onsite as a fuel *r -_w 

column (9i of section 11.

Now answer lines 2 and 3 as appropriate tot the 

cofumns with nonzero entries in (me I Do not 

consider differences in energy prices when 

estimating amounts.

2. Quantity nonswftchable Enter the amount of 

the quantity in line 1 that could NOT have been 

replaced within 30 days by another energy source 

in 1988.

3. Quantity swttchaMe - Subtract line 2 from line 1 

and enter the results. This represents the total 

quantity of energy consumption that COULD HAVE 

BEEN replaced within 30 days by one or more 

alternative energy sources in 1988.

Now answer lines 4a through Wb as appropriate lor 

the columns with nonzero entries in line 3. Complete 

one column before starting another

4a. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum 

amount that could have been replaced by electricity?

4b. What is the minimum lead time required to make the 

switch to electricity?

EM. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum 

amount that could have been replaced by coal and 

coke?

5b. What is the minimum lead time required to make the 

switch to coal and coke?

6«. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum 

amount that could have been replaced by natural 

gas?

6b. What is the minimum lead time required to make the 

switch to natural gas?

7a. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum 

amount that could have been replaced by distillate 

fuel oil?

7b. What is the minimum lead time required to make the 

switch to distillate fuel oil?

6a. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum 

amount that could have been replaced by LPG?

8b. What is the minimum lead time required to make the 

switch to LPG?

9*. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum 

amount that could have been replaced by residual 

fuel oil?

M>. What is the minimum lead time required to make the 

switch to residual fuel oil?

10a. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum 

amount that could have been replaced by any other 

energy source? Identify that energy source, -j

lOb. What is the minimum lead time required to make the 

switch to that energy source?

! Electricity

Kilowatthours

1 I _! Less than 1 day 

2lJ 1 davto t week 

sQ More than 1 week but within 30 days

Kilowatthouts

i C3 Less than 1 day 

2Dl day to 1 week 

3Q More than 1 week but within 30 days

Kilowatthours

lD Less than 1 day 

zDl day to 1 week 

3D More than t week but within 30 days

Kilowatthours

iQ Less than 1 day 

2Dl day to 1 week 

aD More than 1 week but within 30 days

Kilowatthours

l HI Less than 1 day 

aDl day to 1 week 

3D More than 1 week but within 30 days

Kilowatthours

' [~] Less than l day 

2\L] 1 davto 1 week 

3(_,J More than 1 week but within 30 days

Page 4

Total coal and cok«

4b!b 13)

Shon tons

Short tons

Short tons

Short tons

1 O Less than 1 day 

2Dl day to 1 week 

aQMorethanl week but within 30 days

Short tons

l D Less than 1 day 

2O 1 day to 1 week 

3D More than 1 week but within 30 dayi

Short tons

i D Less than 1 day 

2Dl day to 1 weak 

sO More than 1 week but within 30 day*

Short tons '

? D Less than 1 day 

2Dl day to 1 week j 

3 D More than Iwwk but within 30 days |

Short tons '

iO Less than 1 day 

2Qt day to 1 week 

aOMorethwl week but within 30 days

Short tons

i D Less than 1 day 

aDl day to 1 week 

3LJMoreth*i 1 week but within 30 dayi

162 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

____Form EIA-846A (Continued)

Plus* *nMr this ••UMUhnunt'i 11 -digit C»n»u« Fill NumberL

Section III - FUEL SWITCHING - Continuad

NltUMl BM Di.tWM. <tnl oil RMldualfiMtoll

i D Less than 1 day i O Less than 1 day i D Less than 1 day t Q Less than 1 day

2Ol dayto 1 week 2 D 1 day to 1 week 2D 1 day to 1 week 2 D 1 day to 1 week

3D Store than 1 week but within 30 days aG More than 1 week but within 30 days 3D More than 1 week but within 30 days 3D More than 1 week but within 30 days

l.OOOcu. ft. Barrels Gallons Barrels

t Lj Less than 1 day 1 D Less than 1 day 1 [II Less than 1 day 1 D Less than 1 day

zQl day tol week 2Ol day to 1 weak 2 Ch day to 1 week 2dl day to 1 week

3d More than 1 week but within 30 days 3D More than 1 week but within 30 days 3D More than 1 week but within 30 days sD More than 1 week but within 30 days

Barrels Gallons Barrels

t D Less than 1 day 1 D Less than 1 day 1D Less than 1 day

2Dl dayto 1 week 2 D 1 day to 1 week 2D 1 day to 1 week

3nMo tt»n1weekbutwnhm30day» 3D Mole than 1 week but withm 30 days sDMoiethant we* but withm 30 day.

l.OOOcu. ft. Gallons Barrels

tDLessmsnldsy 1D Less than 1 day 1D Less than 1 day

2O I day to 1 wsek 2D 1 day to 1 week 2D 1 day to 1 week

aOMorethenl week but wrthin 30 days 3 D More than 1 week but within 30 days 3 D More than 1 week but wittm 30 days

1,000 cu. ft. Barrels Barrels

1D Lesa than 1 day 1D Less than 1 day 1D Less than 1 dsy .

2Qld»yto1 week zDl flay to 1 week jDl day to 1 week

3 DMwe than 1 week out within 30 days 3 D More thsn 1 week but within 30 days 3 D More than t week but wrttw. 30 days

l.OOOcu. ft. Barrels Gallons

1D Less than 1 day ID Less than 1 day 1 D Less than 1 day

zDldaytol week 2 D1 day to 1 week 2 D 1 day to I week

3DMoi«thanlw«ekl>ulwrtt«i30days sDMore then 1 week but within 30 days 3D More than 1 week but within 30 days

l.OOOcu. ft. Barrels Gallons Barrels

1U Less thsn 1 day 1D Less than 1 day l.QLess than 1 day 1D Less than 1 day

2Dl dayto 1 week 2 D 1 day to 1 week 2 D 1 day to 1 week 2D 1 day to I week

3D More than 1 week but within 30 days aD More than 1 week but within 30 days sD More than 1 week but within 30 days sO More than 1 week but wrthin 30 days

FOflMEIA«4aAI&l"a9) ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

Page 5

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 163
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846A (Continued)______

m Section IV — REMARKS — Please use this space or attach a separate sheet for any explanations that may be essential 

r in understanding your reported data. Be sure to include the name, address, and telephone number of power generating

establishments of your company that transferred or delivered electricity or steam to your establishment in 1988 if you did

not have enough room in suction I.

L

tectlon V — CERTIFICATION — The dat> in this report have been prepared in accordance with the instructions.

Name of peraon to contact regarding this report — Print or type Area coda Number

Telephone

Addreas — Number and street FROM: ]Mo7 

Period covered ! by thla report TO: -,Mo I Day

City Signature of authorized person

Page 6

164 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

_____Form EIA-846A (Continued)____

EIA-848A-I

(5 12-89)

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FORM EIA-846A 

1988 MANUFACTURING ENERGY CONSUMPTION SURVEY

A. Who is Responsible for Conducting tha

Manufacturing Enargy Consumption Survey?

The Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

(MECS) was designed, and is being sponsored, by the 

Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the U.S. 

Department of Energy. The survey is being 

administered and compiled by the U.S. Bureau of the 

Census.

B. What is The Purpose of This Survey?

The MECS will collect data on energy consumption 

and usage patterns for the manufacturing sector of 

the U.S. economy. In addition, it will measure the 

short-term {within 30 days) capability of your 

establishment to have used substitute fuels in place 

of those actually consumed in 1988. The information 

obtained from the MECS will be used to publish 

aggregate statistics on the consumption of energy 

for fuel and nonfuel uses, and on some energyrelated issues such as energy prices, electricity 

generation onsite, and fuel-switching capabilities.

C. Who Should Report?

This survey is mandatory under the Federal Energy 

Administration Act of 1974, P.I. 93-275, and 

under Title 3, Subtitle B of the Omnibus Budget 

Reconciliation Act of 1986, Public Law 99-509.

This form is addressed to establishments operating 

primarily in the manufacturing sector, SIC 20 through 

39, except for SIC 28, 29, and 3312, as defined by 

the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual 

(SIC). Establishments operating in SIC 28, 29, or 

3312, will complete similar MECS forms. Response 

by establishments included in the MECS sample 

selected for the survey and receiving the MECS 

survey form is required by law. Failure to respond 

may result in criminal fines, civil penalties, and other 

sanctions as provided by law.

D. How Is My Privacy Protected?

By Section 9 of Title 13, U.S. Code, your report to 

the Census Bureau is confidential. It may be seen 

only by sworn Census Bureau employees and may 

be used only for statistical purposes. The law also 

provides that copies retained in your files are 

immune from legal process.

E. When Is The Report Due?

The questionnaire should be returned by the due 

date specified on the form. Please use the enclosed 

return envelope. If the envelope has been 

misplaced, return the completed questionnaire to:

Bureau of the Census 

1201 East Tenth Street 

Jeffersonville, IN 47132

F. How la a Manufacturing Establishment 

Defined?

A manufacturing establishment is an economic unit 

at a single physical location where the mechanical or 

chemical transformation of materials or substances 

into new products a performed. These operations 

are generally conducted in facilities described as 

plants, factories, or mills and characteristically use 

power-driven machines and material-handling 

equipment. Manufacturing also includes such 

activities as the assembly of components of 

manufactured products and the blending of materials 

such as lubricating oil, plastics, resins, or liquors.

An establishment is not necessarily identical to a 

business concern or firm, either of which may 

consist of one or more establishments. An 

establishment may consist of one or more units that

are engaged in separate or distinct activities. These 

units may be separated physically as well as 

economically, with separate records or substantially 

accurate reports available for each. If this 

establishment has previously completed the Annual 

Survey of Manufactures (ASM), Form MA-1000, 

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, 

establishment boundaries should correspond to 

those used for the ASM. Each unit should be 

treated as a saparata establishment ONLY If that 

was tha determination made for tha ASM. Do 

not consolidate two ASM establishments Into a 

single establishment for purposes of tha MECS, 

or separate a single ASM establishment Into 

two MECS establishments. Match the 11-digit 

Census File Number (CFN) located on the MECS 

questionnaire mailing label with the CFN on the ASM 

mailing label. Responses to MECS questions should 

include the same activities as those considered 

when responding to the matching ASM. If this 

establishment has never completed an ASM, report 

for all activities that occur at this physical location.

Section 1 - NONCOMBUSTIBLE ENERGY 

SOURCES

Energy sources used in manufacturing can be divided 

into two groups: combustible (capable of being 

burned), and noncombustible (such as electricity, 

steam, and industrial hot water). The purpose of 

section 1 is to collect 1988 data for noncombustible 

energy sources, in particular, electricity and steam.

Column 2 collects data that will provide important 

information on the components of electricity 

production, and permit an estimate to be made of the 

total consumption of electricity at your establishment. 

Column 3 collects data on the additional contribution 

that steam makes to the total consumption of energy 

at your establishment through net transfers and 

steam generated onsite by renewable energy sources. 

Column 4 collects data on hot water purchased for 

use as an energy source and used at this 

establishment site.

Electricity is to be reported in thousands of kilowatthours. Steam and industrial hot water are to be 

reported in millions of Btu. If you keep your records for 

steam in pounds, use a factor of 1,200 Btu per pound 

of steam to convert your data into Btu.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS

- Quantity Purchased From UtNMes -

Enter the quantity of each noncombustible energy 

source that was purchased from a utility and delivered 

to this establishment site in 1988, regardless of when 

payment was made. For purposes of this question, 

utilities are companies that produce and/or deliver 

electricity and/or natural gas, and are legally obligated 

to provide service to the general public within their 

franchise area. Utilities do not include such generators 

of electricity as independent power producers, small 

power producers, or cogenerators not located at this 

establishment site. Include quantities purchased for 

ANY onsite use, for example, production of heat and 

power, electrolysis processes, or steam cleaning. 

Exclude all:

• quantities purchased from independent power 

producers, small power producers, or cogenerators 

not located at this establishment site.

• quantities delivered from other establishments 

in your company even if those quantities were 

repurchased from them by your establishment.

• quantities purchased and paid for by a central 

purchasing entity separate from this establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

COMTIHUt OH M«C 2

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 165
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846A (Continued)____

UIM 1 b — Expenditures For Purchase* From 

Utilities - Enter the total expenditures for the 

purchased quantities reported on line 1 a. Include all 

expenditures regardless of when payment was 

actually made.

UIM 2« - Quantity Purchased From Nonutiltties -

Enter the quantity of electricity and steam that was 

purchased from offsite nonutuility power producers 

and delivered to this establishment site in 1988, 

regardless of when payment was made. Include 

quantities purchased for ANY onsite use. 

Exclude all:

• quantities delivered from other 

establishments in your company even if 

those quantities were repurchased from 

them by your establishment.

• quantities purchased and paid for by a 

central purchasing entity separate from this 

establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

Una 2b — Expenditure* For Purcha*** From 

Nonutilnies — Enter the total expenditures for the 

purchased quantities reported on line 2a. Include all 

expenditures regardless of when payment was 

actually made.

Una 3 - Other Receipt* - Enter all additional 

quantities delivered to your establishment site in 

1988 but not reported on lines 1 a or 2a. 

Include:

• quantities purchased and paid for by a 

central purchasing entity separate from this 

establishment.

• quantities transferred from another 

establishment of your company for which 

payment was not made.

• quantities delivered from another 

establishment of your company even if those 

quantities were repurchased from them by 

your establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

Una 4 - Total Ele I — Enter

the sum of lines 1 a, 2a and 3 for electricity only. 

Copy this total electricity receipt figure to 

column 2, line 1 of Section III — Fuel Switching.

UnaS-Ou irtityCa I - Enter the

total quantity of electricity cogenerated from 

all energy sources, including renewable 

sources. For purposes of this survey, electrical 

cogeneration is defined as the production of 

electric energy end another form of useful 

energy (such as heat or steam) through the 

sequential use of energy.

UneS-Oii ntity Generated fn abwaEnter the total quantity of each noncombustible 

energy source generated onsite directly from solar 

power, wind power, hydropower, or geothermal 

sources. Any electricity produced as a part of a 

cogeneration process (that is, electricity generated 

from geothermal steam which is then itself used) 

should be excluded. Such quantities should be 

included on line 5.

Una 7 — Othar Generation — Enter the total 

quantity of electricity generated onsite by all other 

means not included on lines 5 and 6 above. For 

example, electricity generated by diesel generators 

should be reported here.

EIA4MA-I IK-12-Stl

Page 2

Una 8 - Sale* or Transfer* to Utllrtie* - Enter 

the total quantity of electricity sold or transferred 

by your establishment in 1988 to utilities. For 

purposes of this question, utilities are companies 

that produce and/or deliver electricity and/or 

natural gas, and are legally obligated to provide 

service to the general public within their franchise 

area. Utilities do not include such generators of 

electricity as independent power producers, small 

power producers, or cogenerators not located at 

this establishment site. Include quantities 

exchanged for the same or any other energy 

source(s).

Una 9 - Sale* or Tranaf an to NonutMMa* -

Enter the total quantity of each noncombustible 

energy source sold or transferred in 1988 to 

establishments other than utilities. Include 

quantities exchanged for the same or any other 

energy sourcels).

Una 10 - Nonutnity Supplier* - If any

electricity reported in column 2, line 3 was 

obtained by transfer from another 

establishment of your company, enter the 

name, address and telephone number of the 

supplying establishment. If you received 

transfers from more than one of this type of 

establishment, use the "Remarks" section to 

identify remaining suppliers.

Questions 11 and 12 should be completed if there 

was any electricity generated at this 

establishment site in 1988 /column 2 has a 

nonzero entry on lines 5, 6, or 7j. If your 

establishment had no onsite generation in 1988, 

omit questions 11 end 12 and proceed with 

Section II — Combustible Energy Sources.

OuaMkMi 11 - Indicate by checking the 

appropriate box whether or not this establishment 

was electrically interconnected with an electric 

utility (that is, able to deliver electricity to the grid as 

well as receive electricity) as of December 31,1988.

Question 12- Indicate by checking the 

appropriate box whether or not this establishment 

was designated as a Qualifying Facility (QFI under 

the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 

(PURPAI as of December 31,1988.

Section II - COMBUSTIBLE ENERGY 

SOURCES

Column 1 — Energy Source* to be Reported —

Twenty-three energy sources have been preprinted 

in column 1, separated into the general categories 

of solids, gases, and liquids. Prior to completing 

columns 4 through 10, determine from the criteria 

below which of the preprinted energy source* 

should be included for reporting and which 

excluded.

First, EXCLUDE all energy sources that were not 

consumed for eny purpose at this establishment 

site during 1988. All excluded energy source* 

should be lined out, end no entrie* should be mad* 

in columns 4 through 10. Next, if your 

establishment consumed any energy sources for 

any purpose during 1988 that are not included in 

the preprinted list, add those energy sources under 

the "Other" heeding for solids, geses, or liquid*.

All unlined energy sources, including any additions 

to the preprinted list, should be further evaluated 

for inclusion or exclusion by the specific criterion in 

the following paragraph.

COHTIHUt OH PAUt 3

166 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846A (Continued)_______

If your only means of supply of an 

energy source during 1988 was as a 

byproduct of energy source inputs to 

any of your manufacturing processes, 

it should be included ONLY if it was at 

least partially consumed onsite as a 

fuel during 1988 (that is for heat, 

power, or electricity generation). If 

none of that onsite-produced energy 

source was consumed onsite as a 

fuel, it should be excluded.

Complete columns 4 through 10 for all energy 

sources that were not excluded by the above 

procedures. Entries should be made in accordance 

with the specific instructions for these columns.

Column 3 - Reporting Units — Use the indicated 

units for reporting all quantities. For those 

establishments that keep records in Btu, note that 

volume measures should be reported as actual 

physical quantities, rather than adjusted to 

represent a standard energy content. One barrel 

contains 42 gallons. The approximate liquid 

equivalent conversion factor of LPG is 3.603 million 

Btu per barrel. Petroleum coke should also be 

reported in barrels. A barrel will hold approximately 

400 pounds of petroleum coke, or the equivalent of 

6.024 million Btu. A short ton of petroleum coke 

contains approximately 30.12 million Btu. Natural 

gas should be reported in thousands of cubic feet. 

One thousand cubic feet of natural gas is equal to 

about 10.3 therms, or 1.03 million Btu.

Column 4 — Quantity Purchased — Enter the 

quantity of each energy source that was purchased 

and delivered to this establishment in 1988, 

regardless of when payment was made. Include 

quantities of those energy sources that were 

purchased for ANY onsite use, for example, the 

production of heat or power, electrolysis processes, 

steam cleaning, or as a petrochemical feedstock or a 

raw material input to any manufacturing operation. 

Exclude all:

• quantities delivered from another establishment 

in your company even if those quantities 

were repurchased from them by your 

establishment.

• quantities purchased and paid for by a central 

purchasing entity separate from this 

establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

Column 6 — Expenditure* — Enter the total 

expenditures for each of the purchased quantities 

reported in column 4. Include all expenditures 

regardless of when payment was made.

Column 6 — Other Receipts — For each included 

energy source, enter all additional quantities 

delivered to your establishment site in 1988 but not 

reported in column 4. 

Include:

• quantities purchased and paid for by a 

central purchasing entity separate from this 

establishment.

• quantities transferred from another 

establishment of your company for which 

payment was not made.

• quantities delivered from another

establishment of your company even if these 

quantities were repurchased from them by 

your establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

Page3

Column 7 — Onsite Production — Enter the 

total quantity of any energy source that was 

produced onsite in 1988 as a product, a 

byproduct, a waste material, or an output from a 

captive (onsite) mine or well, and was at least 

partially consumed onsite. Enter the TOTAL 

quantity produced onsite, regardless of whether 

some or all of it was consumed as a fuel or 

feedstock, transferred offsite, sold, or otherwise 

disposed of. Examples of byproducts include coke, 

hydrogen, still gas, coke oven gas, wood chips 

and black liquor. Examples of waste products 

include wood scraps, packing materials, waste 

paper and cardboard, and waste oils.

Column 8 — Source of Onsrte Production — For

each energy source that has an entry in column 7, 

check the "Yes" box if the amount listed in column 

7 resulted from consumption of any other energy 

source listed in Section II — Combustible Energy 

Sources. Check the "No" box if the energy source 

came from captive wells or mines, or is a product or 

byproduct/waste product from materials not listed 

in section II as a combustible energy source. 

Examples include:

• hydrogen produced as a byproduct of 

natural gas in an ammonia plant would 

have the "Yes" box checked.

• hydrogen produced through the 

electrolysis of brine in a chlorine plant 

would have the "No" box checked.

« coke oven gas produced during the 

coal coking process would have the 

"Yes" box checked.

• wood chips produced as a byproduct of 

wood purchased tor use as a raw 

material rather than a fuel would have 

the "No" box checked.

• pulping (black) liquor, used in the chemical 

pulping of wood, that is burned in a 

recovery furnace or otherwise combusted, 

would have the "No" box checked.

Column 9 — Onsite Fuel Consumption — Enter 

the quantity consumed onsite as a fuel for the 

production of heat, steam, power, or the generation 

of electricity. Also include fuel consumed by 

vehicles dedicated primarily for use onsite. Copy the 

entries, if any, in column 9 for natural gas, distillate 

fuel oil, residual fuel oil, LPG, and total coal products 

to line 1 of Section III — Fuel Switching.

Column 10 - Onstte Nonfuel Consumption -

Enter the quantity of each energy source that was 

consumed onsite for all purposes other than fuel use. 

Include all quantities consumed as feedstocks (for 

example, butane processed in producing rubber 

compounds), raw materials (for example, coal used 

to produce coke), additives, or ingredients for 

products manufactured by this establishment. 

Exclude all offsite dispositions such as sales and 

transfers to other establishments.

Question 1 — Enter the total design storage capacity 

located onsite as of December 31, 1988, for residual 

fuel oil, distillate fuel oil, and LPG. Report the shell 

capacity {that is, the design capacity of the storage 

tanks) in the units of measure specified. 

Include:

• Onsite capacity of all storage facilities 

regardless of the intended disposition of the 

energy source {include both product storage 

tanks and tanks dedicated for onsite use).

• Onsite capacity dedicated or leased for storage 

of energy sources owned by other 

establishments.

EIA-846A-I 15-13 89) CDMTIHUC OM PAGE 4

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 167
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

____Form EIA-846A (Continued!____

Section III - FUEL SWITCHING

This portion of the survey is intended to measure the 

short-term capability of your establishment to have 

used substitute energy sources in place of those 

actually consumed in 1988. Capability to use 

substitute energy sources means that this 

establishment's combustors (for example, boilers, 

furnaces, ovens, blast furnaces) had the machinery 

or equipment either in place or available for 

installation in 1988 so that substitutions could 

actually have been introduced within 30 days 

without extensive modifications.

NOTE — Fuel-switching capability as measured by 

this survey does not depend on the relative prices of 

energy sources; it depends only on the 

characteristics of your equipment and certain legal 

constraints. Fuel-switching capability sets limits on 

the extent to which you could switch to a substitute 

energy source if you wanted to or needed to. It has 

nothing to do with whether you would want to 

switch if you could. Therefore, relative prices of 

energy sources are not related to fuel-switching 

CAPABILITY and should be ignored when 

completing this section.

We recognize that records of fuel-switching 

capability are not regularly maintained. Accordingly, 

reasonable approximations of fuel-switching 

capability are acceptable. These approximations 

should be based on the judgment of a person 

knowledgeable about the fuel-switching capability 

and operations of your establishment. They are not 

expected to be formal engineering estimates based 

on a day-by-day analysis of the operating levels of 

individual combustors and interactions between 

them. Respond as realistically as possible, given 

your actual operations in 1988.

Base your estimates on the availability of substitute 

energy sources and the physical condition of your equipment during 1988. Include switching 

capability that could have resulted from the use of 

redundant and/or standby combustors, and from 

combustors that were already equipped to fire 

alternative fuels. Lines 1 through 3 of this portion of 

the form measure your establishment's overall 

capability to have switched from specific energy 

sources in 1988. Lines 4a through 10b describe 

your capability to replace a given energy source by 

specific alternative energy sources.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS

Lbw 1 — Quantity Consumed — Enter the total 

electricity receipts figure from column 2, line 4 of 

Section I, and the fuel consumption figures from 

Section II for total coal and coke, natural gas, 

distillate fuel oil, LPG, and residual fuel oil. The 

quantities to be copied are noted in the 

appropriate-boxes of sections I and II.

LbM 2 - Quantity NonswrtchaMe - Enter the 

amount of the quantity reported on Line 1 that 

could NOT have been replaced within 30 days by 

any other energy source in 1988, even given a 

severe curtailment. NOTE — Include only that 

portion of total electricity receipts {purchases plus 

transfers in) that could NOT have been replaced 

by either onsite-generated electricity or energy 

source(s) which accomplish the same purposes as 

the offsite-produced electricity (e.g. supplying 

heat or power). Portions of individual fuels may be 

non-switchable due to limitations such as:

Page 4

• the characteristics of your physical plant (for 

example, single-fired combustors or the 

absence of redundant and/or standby 

combustors), or the requirements of your 

manufacturing process.

• binding take or pay contracts with energy 

suppliers that were in place.

• environmental regulations which limit the 

amounts of potential replacement fuels that 

could be burned.

DO NOT consider current relative prices of 

fuels as a limitation to switching capability.

Line 3 - Quantity SwHchaMe - Subtract line 2 

from line 1 and enter the results. These values 

represent the quantity of each energy source 

consumed that COULD HAVE BEEN replaced within 30 days by at least one other energy source 

in 1988. NOTE — If all entries on line 3 are zero, 

complete the Remarks and Certification sections of 

the survey and return it to the Census Bureau. For 

each entry on line 3 that is nonzero, complete the 

remainder of that column. Complete one column 

before starting another.

Unas 4 through 10, Part a — Replacement 

Quantities — Report the maximum amount of the 

quantity shown on Line 3 that could have been 

replaced within 30 days by each of the energy 

sources on lines 4 through 10, under the 

constraints listed in the instructions for line 2. 

Report all amounts in the units of the energy source 

that is being replaced. DO NOT convert this 

amount to units of the replacement energy 

sources. NOTE — Be sure to take into account not 

only the fuels that could be directly substituted for 

offsite-produced electricity, but also the fuels 

needed to generate electricity onsite that could 

have been used in place of electricity receipts.

NOTE — The sum of lines 4a through 10a for each 

column must be at least as large as the entry on line 

3 of that column, and may be larger if more than 

one alternative fuel could have been used.

Unas 4 through 10, Part b - Lead Time -Mark 

the minimum lead time required to switch to each 

replacement energy source identified.

Section IV - REMARKS

Please provide any explanations that may be 

helpful to us in understanding your reported data. 

Attach a separate sheet if necessary. Be sure to 

include the name, address, and telephone number 

of nonutility power generating establishments of 

your company that supplied electricity to your 

establishment if you did not have enough room in 

section I to identify them.

Section V - CERTIFICATION

Period Covered By Thfe Report — Enter the month, 

day, and year of the beginning and the end of the 

period covered by your report. If a calendar year 

report: "From January 1 to December 31, 1988,"; if 

a fiscal year, specify which (such as "From 

December 1, 1987 to November 30, 1988"). If a 

part-year report is submitted because the establishment was not in operation or under your 

company's control for the entire year, specify the 

actual period covered: for example "January 2, 1988 

to August 15, 1988," or "June 1, 1988 to 

December 31, 1988."

EIA-84CA-I IB-12-B9I

168 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey

Form EIA-846B________

OMB No. 1905-0169: Approval EKpiros 04/30/91

EIA-846B Public raporbng burden for tha cotoction of inforrnetion « Mtimeted to tvtngt 6 houn pa- rteponte, including tht time of 

,n»»mr*mrtm,t^<^tmwMU>*&l ti«mwrt<TM'TMTM^^ M '~M'TM> c°«1M*r*'TM'"n**'* 

the cofcction of information. Sand conrnenu rtaattng «*> burden letirnm or any olhir aaject <rl ma oolection of infomiabon. 

nduding uggeniont tor reHuctig tha burden, to the Energy Mormetion AdmMetrition, Office of Surbmul Sunder*. El-73. 

Mal Station: 1rW>23 FomataJ. 1000 Mependanoi Avenue. SW. Wa*inr^. K »4«6; and to lr» Office of Irrtairato tnd

ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION r

Petroleum Refineries

1988

MANUFACTURING ENERGY 

CONSUMPTION SURVEY

NOTICE - Thii survey » iinntMei) under 

the Federal Energy AdminiatrBtion Act of 

1 974. PL 93 275, end under Title 3, Subtitle 

B of the Omnibue Budget Reconciliation Act 

of 1 986. P.L. 99-6O9. FeHure to reepond may 

reeult in criminal finee, dvH penetttoa, and 

other aenctiona ea provided by lew. The 

umillllliilla«l| of your reeponee to thi. 

eurvey to prctmij by tow (trek) 13. U.S. 

Code). Your reeponee may be eeen only by 

sworn Ceneue employeee end may be ueed 

only for etatietical purpoeee. The law aleo 

proyiae. th« copie. retalnad In you, flto. are

L J

Ptoaaa corract arrora fh nama, addraea, and ZtP Code. CnrTEffatraatandnumbartfnotahoiyn.

iiu5iAuo?TMEcS!uiP"T nan

12O1 Eae» Tenth (met I eawiei 

47132

JULY 50. 1989

fHa by the due date, e time extenaion requeet thourd be earn to 

tha above addreee, ptoaaa Include ycurll-dlglt Caneue Fat Number (CFN). rua-ramm.

Section 1 - NONCOMBUSTIBLE ENEMY SOURCES

Itam daacription 

(1)

Electricity 

in (2|

Staam

117 (3)

lnductria>J hot wvtw

'" 14)

waa puranaaad by thia aatabkahmam from udHaa and daaVarad to tMa aatabaahrnant aita?

purchaaad anargy aourcaa raportad on linala?

K

zm. During iwa, what amount of aMctridty and MM .team waa pymhaaea* tfoaa imnUili auaaaaara by thia aataMbjhmant and daHvarad to thia aytabHahinai'H iltar

onRna2i7

K

3. During 1 dd£, wnat amount of aach anargy aourca MM waa to^^^tev^rf II^MH ^i^^^b ^^^^M^^^i^^ta 

and daavarad to thia aatabHanmant altar Do not incajdatnapurcnajaefaportaritiftiaa It or 2*.

4. TOTAL alactrrdty racaipta. f-Surn of Una* f(, 2a, 

and 31. MOTt - Copy <Hl ouantrry to column 1, Un»1ofStalanlll-FUB.SWITOma.

8. During 1 988, how much atoctridty waa ganaratad on traa aatabttahmant itta by coganaratkxi?

8. During 1988, how much of aach anargy aourca

powar, hydropowar, and oaotharmal aourcaa?

7. During 1988, how much atactridty waa

covarad on linae 6 and 6?

8. During 1988, how much atoctridty wa» K*l or tranafarrad to utWtlaa?

9. During 1 988, how much of aach anargv aourca

than uttroaa?

| i Name o

Thou.

Doltare

Thou.

Uowarthot

Thou.

Dotan

Thou.

Uowatthoi

Thou.

kWh

Dollar. Oollara

Dol. Mil. Thou. Dol. Mil. jThou. j Dol.

II II

n MWonBoi

kWh

Doaara

Dol. Mil. 'Thou. 'Dol.

1 1

jra MakmMu MaaanBtu

kWh

MBtonlki MBtonHu

MBanBtu MMonBtu

energy eupplier

10. If Una 3, column 2 haa a nonzaro antry, anal any of 

your atoctricKy tupplwrt waa another aatabaahrnant 

of yaw eonaaaajv. Identify that ailabaahinant at 

right. If you received etoiulUly tianafara from more 

than one aatabaahmam o» yaw aanaiaan;, provida 

thair identifying Information in tha •'Hamarla"aaction.

Addreaa - rVumberand«n»r

State ZIP Code

QUMTAMM T 1 tnd 12 barbw anouW bt anawamd H (Ma a >danre*>ctrfcrtyana*a«i 1Bt8. Una

•<Kt^w~a*n*imt*on^lco*m2h*iTM*ntri*tolln~S,e,rt7homltvii*lto11in41tindpn<**t 

dlncHytoSfCtianH-CambiatltltCnirgrSouro*!.

Wat thia aatabaahrnant aiactricaKy mtarcorvnactad with an atoctric utktty (that it, abto to 

•l«Tjk:itv to th« arid at wall at racwva electricity) at of Dacambar 31.1988? ....... tDvaa 2DNo

12. Waa thia» aatabWatabKahmam oetlgnatad aa a Ouaalylng Faealty (QF) unbar Pubac Uttny Ragutotory

POHC..I Actof 1978(PORPA)aaof Dacambar31. 19887 . ............... . T!T^. ........ i Dvat

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 169
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846B (Continued)

^ Section II - COMBUSTIBLE ENERGY SOURCES

For purposes of this portion of the survey, a refinery is an installation that manufactures finished petroleum products from crude 

oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, and alcohol. Products include motor gasoline, unfinished oils, 

aviation gasoline, special naphthas, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residue! fuel oil, lubricating oils, asphalt and road oil, waxes, 

petroleum coke, still gas and petrochemical feedstocks. Nonrefinery or petrochemical operations produce substances by the 

chemical treatment of raw materials derived from petroleum or natural gas. Among the final products are plastics (Including 

synthetic rubbers), synthetic fibers, chemicals, drugs, and detergents.

Check the box next to the correct description of the establishment identified on the address iabel. Then supply data for Section II 

according to (he instructions for that description.

CLASSIFICATION INSTRUCTIONS

182 ii : Establishment consists of REFINERY operations ONLY (There may be _ ,.,,.,. .,„,. 

nonr.fin.rv IpetrochemVcall operates colocated, but those operations ^B^S^" 9°' ^f! " ""' J" *?*??? ?' „ are identified as a separate establishment for purposes ol the Annual enrtea to column* 9 and 10 Ignore Vers>on B of Sectton II 

Survey of Manufactures, Census Form MA- 1000.1 on pages 4 and b.

7 1 1 Establishment consists of both REFINERY AND NONREFINERY Complete Version A of Section II INCLUDING column* 

operations. 9 mnd 1tj ignore version B of Section II on pages 4 and 5

3L i Establishment consists of NONREFINERY operations ONLY. (There ^ .aX^reffiSE." SSETSSVS- sr"7 "— - •' SK"°° " °" "•" 4 '"" 5 *TM

Survey of Manufactures, Census Form MA-1000,) version *.

VERSION A

Energy sources

(1)

A. PETROLEUM BASED

1. Crude oil/lease condensate

2. Residual fuel oil (numbers 5, 6, navy 

special, and bunker c)

3. Distillate fuel oil (numbers 1 , 2. and 4 

fuel oils and diesel)

4. LPG (ethane, ethylene, propane, 

propylene, butane, butylene)

6. Motor gasoline

6. Waste and byproduct gases (e.g. , refinery 

off gas, vent gas, plant gas, still gas)

7. Petroleum coke

8. Waste oils and tars

9. Other (Specify!

Unit* Enter amounts for entire establishment

Census used Quantity 

Use 'or purchased by and 

uniy reporting delivered to this 

quantities establishment

(2) (31 (4)

208

Berrels

216

224

t

240 Gallons

232 1

Million 

620 Btu

703 B"""

- 1

Million

950 Btu

Total expenditure, including delivery charges, for the Total otner 'eceipts 

quantity in col. (4) (transfers in and 

(5j central purchases)

Mil. | Thou- I Dol. (6)

968 \

B. NONPETROLEUM BASED

1. Anthracite

2. Bituminous and subbituminous coal

3. Breeze

4. Coal coke

5. Lignite

6. Total coal and coke (Sum of anthracite, 

bituminous and subbituminous coal, 

breeze, coal coke and lignitet

7. Natural gas

8. Hydrogen

9. Waste materials (wastepaper,

packing materials, etc J

10. Other ISpecify)

406

414

"8 Short

toni

430

422

455

1,000 

307 eu " fl638

"1 Million

Btu

976

984

i

P.TIIH 2

170 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846B (Continued)

Pleaae enter thl» establishment's 1 1 -digit Census Fila Number m

^ Section II - COMBUSTIBLE ENERGY SOURCES - Continued

VERSION A - Continued

Enter amounts for enttra •stabUshment Entar Mtiount for nonrvftnarv operations onry

Quantity of each QuantJt¥ consumed Quanti'V consumed Shjpments offsjte to Energy sources 

«n«rgv source onsite as a fuel onsue TOF an nomuei Qthef establishments

(7) (8) (9) (10) (11)

A. PETROLEUM BASED

1. Crude oil/lease condensate

Copy to line ) of section 3 g

2. Residual fuel oil (numbers 5, 6, navy 

special, and bunker c)

Copy tolme 1 of section 3 g

3. Distillate fuel oil (numbers 1 , 2, and 4 

fuel oils and diesel)

Copy to line 1 of section 3 g

4. LPG (ethane, ethylene, propane, 

propylene, butane, butylene)

6. Motor gasoline

6. Waste and byproduct gases (e.g., refinery 

off gas, vent gas, plant gas, still gas)

7. Petroleum coke

8. Waste oils and tars

9. Other

Census 

Use 

Only 

201 

1121

208

216

224

240

232

620

703

71 1

950

966

B. NONPETROLEUM BASED

1. Anthracite

2. Bituminous and subbituminous coal

3. Breeze

4. Coal coke

5. Lignite

r— Copy fo line 1 of section 3 \ 8. Total coal and coke ISum of anthracite 

\ bituminous and subbituminous coal, 

\ breeze, coal coke and lignite)

7. Natural gas

8. Hydrogen

9. Waste materials (wastepaper, 

packing materials, etc.)

10. Other

406

414

448

430

422

455

307

638

729

976

984

F °WMEIAMfleiSia91 ' Page 3

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 171
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846B (Continued)

^ Section II - COMBUSTIBLE ENERGY SOURCES - VERSION B

Un

Census III 

Energy sources Use (( 

Only ,.»<,

quon

11) 12) 1

A. SOLIDS

1. Anthracite 406

2. Bituminous and subbituminous coat 4 1 4

3. Breeze 448

sn

10

4. Coal coke 430

5. Lignite 422

6. Total coal and coke tSum of anthracite, 

bituminous and subbituminous coal, 

breeze, coal coke end lignite) 455

It! Energy sources r*c*fv*d in 1 988 ? p^stand '"S£ttS£*?£t Tr°rT sa ^Jssssr —,--- .safsasi,

I (4| Mil. ' Thou. | Ool. (6J

' !

1 i

i i

- \

i i

Million 

7. Biomass 901 >tu

Berreto 8. Petroleum coke 703

9. Roundwood (wood cut specifically 

1or fuel use) 802

10. Waste materials Iwastepaper, 

packing materials, etc.) 729

11. Wood chips, bark, and wood waste 810 ""

12. Other solids 'Specify! 

919

927

B. GASES ,,ooo

1 . Natural gas 307 cu- "•

2. Acetylene 646

3. Blast furnace gas 604

4. Coke oven gas 6 1 2

Million 

5. Hydrogen 638 •'"

6. Waste and byproduct gases (e.g., refinery 

off gas, vent gas, plant gas, still gas) 620

7. Other gases (Specify} 

935

943

C. LIQUIDS

1. Distillate fuel oil (numbers 1 . 2, and 4 

fuel oils and dieaell 224 B«rT+19

2. Kerosene 273 «

3. tPG lethane, ethylene, propane, 

propylene. butane, butylene) 240

4. Motor gasoline 232 1

Million

6. Pulping or block liquor 737 Btu

6. Residual fuel oil (numbers 5, 6, navy Bwrol* special, and bunker cl 216

7. Waste oils and tars 711 |

8. Other liquids ISpecilyl Million 

950 ••"

988 i

For the purposes of Questions I, 2a, and2bbelow. energy so 

fuel oil, ethane/ethylene, isobutane, petroleum coke, propane

1. Total Btu content of energy source products shipped dur 

tf the answer to question 1 is zero, omit questions 2a and 2b 

H question r has a nonzero response, include in the answers source products that were reported in question T . 

2e. Total Btu value of all energy source inventories as of Dec

2b. Total Btu value of all energy source inventories as of Dec

urces include: acetylene, breeze, butane/butylene, coal coke, distillate 

/propylene, and residual fuel oil.

na 1 988 ........................... Million Btu

and proceed directly to question 3 on page 5. 

o Questions 2a and 2b only those energy

jmber31. 1987. Millinn Rtn

jmber 31. 1988. .... . . . Million Rr,,

")HMI1A """"•>""" Pane 4

172 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846B (Continued)

^ Section II - COMBUSTIBLE ENERGY SOURCES - VERSION B - Continued

Energy sources produced onsite in 1 968 Energy sources conMinwd onsite i

Does the entry in col. (7) Quan 

Quantity produced '^fg^ZSST Quantity f "n-u 

on»lte Bfttther mrgv source consumed as a fuel *or «" TM 

consumed onsite? purpc

(1} (81 191 HC

n 1988

itv Census 

med Energy sources Use 

anfuel Only

l nu H2»

A. SOLIDS

1. Anthracite 406

2. Bituminous and subbituminous coal 4 1 4

1 DYes 2 [DNo

1 Gves 2 DNO

3. Breeze 448

4. Coal coke 430

B. Lignrte 422

Copy to tine 1 of section 3j

1 Dves 2 DNo

1 D Yes 2 D No

i DYes 2 DN O

1 D Yes 2 DNO

Copy ro line 1 of section 3^

1 DYes 2 DNO

1 Dves 2GNo

, 1 D Yes 2 D No

i D Yes 2 D No

l D Yes 2 D No

1 D Yes 2 D No

1 D Yes 2 D No

Copy to line 1 of section 3g 

1 Oves 2dNo

1 D Yes 2 D No

1 D Yes 2 Q No C°PY to line t of section 3^

1 Q Yes 2 D No

i DYes 2 DNo

iDYes 2DNo CopYtotine1ofsect,on3f

i DYBS 2 DNO

i DYOS 2 DNO

i n Yes 2 D No

6. Total coal and coke (Sum of anthracite, 

bituminous and subbituminous coal, 

breeze, coal coke and lignite) 455

7. Biomass 901

8. Petroleum coke 703

9. Roundwood (wood cut specifically 

for fuel use) 802

10. Waste materials (wastepaper, 

packing materials, etc. I 729

1 1 . Wood chips, bark, and wood waste e 1 0

12. Other solids

919

927

B. GASES

1. Natural gas 30?

2. Acetylene 646

3. Blast furnace gas 604

4. Coke oven gas 612

6. Hydrogen 638

6. Waste and byproduct gases (e.g., refinery 

off gas, vent gas, plant gas, still gas) 520

7. Other gases 

935

943

C. LIQUIDS

1 . Distillate fuel oil {numbers 1 , 2, and 4 

fuel oils and diesel) 224

2. Kerosene 273

3. LPG (ethane, ethylene, propane, 

propylene, butane, butylene) 240

4. Motor gasoline 232

S. Pulping or black liquor 737

6. Residual fuel oil (numbers 5, 6, navy 

special, and bunker c} 216

7. Waste oils and tars 7 1 1

8. Other liquids 

950

968

3. Enter the total design storage capacity located onsite as of December 31, 1 988 for: 

3a. Distillate fuel oil ........... .... ...:.. ??4 Barrels

3b. Residual fuel oil ........................................... 

So. LPG .......... ....... . .... . . .

Barrfils

FORM EIA 848B 6 1 89] _ .. Page 5

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 173
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846B (Continued)_____

fc Section III - FUEL SWITCHING

Item description Electricity

HI '°9 (2)

1. Quantity con*umad — Copy the total electricity Kiinwaiinours 

receipts from line 4 of section 1, and the quantities of 

coal and coke, natural gas, distillate fuel oil, LPG, and 

res'dual fuel oil consumed onsite as a fuel from 

column (8) of section II, version A or column (9} of 

section 11, version B,

Now answer lines 2 and 3 as appropriate for the Kiiowaurioi,rs 

columns with nonzero entries in line 7. Do not 

consider differences in energy prices when 

estimating amounts.

2. Quantity nonswttchabl* — Enter the amount of 

the quantity in line 1 that could NOT have been 

replaced within 30 days by another energy source 

in 1988.

3. Quantity twltchabla — Subtract line 2 from line 1 Kiiowaimours 

and enter the results. This represents the total 

quantity of energy consumption that COULD HAVE 

BEEN replaced within 30 days by one or more 

alternative energy sources in 1 968.

Now answer lines 4a through Wb as appropriate for 

the columns with nonzero entries in line 3. Complete 

one column before starting another.

4«. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum 

amount that could have been replaced by electricity?

4b. What is the minimum lead time required to make the 

switch to electricity?

Total coal and coka

.55 ,3,

Short tons

Short tons

————— ——————— Shon ions ———————

I

Short tons

1 D Less than 1 day 

zDl day to 1 week 

aQ More than 1 week but within 30 days

6a. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum Kilowatthours 

amount that could have been replaced by coal and 

coke?

6b. What is the minimum lead time required to make the j [J Less than 1 day 

switch to coal and coke? rn , . .

2l _ 1 1 day to 1 week

3 n More than 1 week but within 30 days

6m. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum Kilowatthours amount that could have been replaced by natural 

gas?

6b. What is the minimum lead time required to make the , rj" i ess than 1 dav 

switch to natural gas? ,-, 2 LJ 1 dav to 1 week

3D More than 1 week but witr

7m. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum Kilowatthours 

amount that could have been replaced by distillate 

fuel oil?

Short tons

iD Less than 1 day 

zDl daytol week 

in 30 days 3 D More than 1 week but wrthin 30 day*

Short tons

7b. What is the minimum lead time required to make the , Qj Less than 1 dav 1 Q Less than 1 day 

switch to distillate fuel oil? rn m

2 LJ 1 day to 1 week 2 LJ 1 day to 1 week

3 D More than 1 week but within 30 days 3 D More than 1 week but within 30 d«y»

8a. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum Kiiowatthours amount that could have been replaced by LPG? Short tons

*»• JJlS2hVohLPG?mum lead time required to make the 1 D Less than ' dav ' D Less than ' dav

2D 1 day to 1 week 2D 1 day to 1 week 

3 n More than 1 week but wthirt 30 days 3 D More than 1 week but wrthin 30 days

9m. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum Kilowatthours 

amount that could have been replaced by residual 

fuel oil?

9b. What is the minimum lead time required to make the , fl i n« th.r, i *»„ 

switch to residual fuel oil? ^ Less lhan dav 2LJ 1 day to 1 week

3 D More than 1 week but with

10a. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum Kilowatthours 

amount that could have been replaced by any other 

energy source? Identify that energy source, -g

Short tons

t Li Less than 1 day 

2O 1 day to \ week 

n 30 days 3 D More than 1 week but wrthin 30 days

Short tons

10b. What is the minimum lead time required to make the . inLeSsthani dav iDlessthanl dav 

switch to that energy source? f rn 2 LJ 1 day to 1 week 2 LJ 1 dav to 1 week

3 [. J More than l week but wuhtn 30 davs 3 D More than 1 week but wrthin 30 days

FOWMEIA 846Bib i 89i ' 

Page 6

174 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey. Consumption of Energy 1988
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846B (Continued)____

Plaaaa «m«r this astabllshmant's 11-digit Cansus Flla NumbarL

Section III - FUEL SWITCHING - Continued

Natural gas Dl.tlllat. lual oil

______I5I______

LPG

16)

RMldualfualoll

Less thar\ 1 day 

l day to 1 week

1 L Less than 1 day l O Less than 1 day 1 D Less than 1 day

2dl day to 1 week zCl day to 1 week 2D 1 day to 1 week sDl day to 1 week

3 D More than 1 week but within 30 days 3 D More than 1 week but within 30 days aO More than 1 week but within 30 days 3D More than 1 week but within 30 days

l.OOO cu. ft. Barrels Gallons Barrels

i D Less than 1 day i D Less than 1 day 1 D Less than 1 day 1Q Less than 1 day

2Dl daytol week 2D 1 day to 1 week 2 D 1 day to 1 week 2 D I day to 1 week

3D Moie than 1 week but within 30 days aD More than 1 week but within 30 days sO More than 1 week but within 30 days sQMorethanl week but within 30 days

Barrels Gallons Barrels

1 D Less than 1 day 1 D Less than 1 day 1Q Less than 1 day

2Dl dayto 1 week 2 D 1 day to 1 week 2Dl dayto 1 week

aD More than 1 week but within 30 days sO More than 1 week but within 30 days sD More than 1 week but within 30 days

l.OOOcu. ft. Gallons iaTreis

I D Less than 1 day 1 O Less than 1 day t Q Less than 1 day

zDl daytol week 2 D1 bay to 1 week 2 D1 day to 1 week

sDviotelhanl week but within 30 bays ad More than 1 week but within 30 days sD More than 1 week but within 30 days

l.OOOcu. ft. Barrels Barrels

1 D Less than 1 day 1 D Less than I day I D Less than 1 day

2Dl daytol week 2 D1 day to 1 week 2 D1 day to 1 week

3D More than 1 week but within 30 days 3D More than 1 week but within 30 days 3D More then 1 week but within 30 days

l.OOOcu ft. Barrels Gallons

1 l_l Less than 1 day 1 D Less than 1 day 1 D Less than 1 day

zDl daylol week 2 D 1 day to 1 week 2 D 1 day td 1 week

3E/]Mwethan 1 week but within 30 days sQwiotethatM week but within 30 days aDf/wethmt w»k but within 30 days

l.OOOcu ft Barrels Gallons B^eia—————————

I U Less than 1 day 1 Lkess than 1 day 1 D Less than ] day lO Less than 1 day

2lJl daytol week 2 H 1 day to 1 week 2 D 1 day to I week 2 D 1 day to 1 week

3L_iMore than! week but within 30 days •>[ 1 More than 1 week but within 30 days 3 D More than 1 week but within 30 days 3 D More than 1 week but within 30 dayi

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 175
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846B (Continued)____

Setction IV — REMARKS — Please use this space or attach a separate sheet for any explanations that may be essential 

in understanding your reported data Be sure to include the name, address, and telephone number of power generating 

establishments of your company that transferred or delivered electricity or steam to your establishment in 1988 if you did 

not have enough room in section I.

^ Section V — CERTIFICATION — The data in this report have been prepared in accordance with the instructions.

Name of person to contact regarding this report - Print or type Area code Numb«T

Telephone

Address - Number and street

City

FROM:

Pvriod cov«r*d 

by thl» rvport TO:

Signature of authorized person

EIA-S*68(5 1 89i Page 8

176 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846B (Continued)____

EIA-846B-I

5 12 891

A. Who i* Responsible for Conducting the

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey?

The Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

(MEGS) was designed, and is being sponsored, by the 

Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the U.S. 

Department of Energy. The survey is being 

administered and compiled by the U.S. Bureau of the 

Census.

B. What is The Purpose of This Survey?

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FORM EIA-846B

Petroleum Refineries 

1988 MANUFACTURING ENERGY CONSUMPTION SURVEY

are engaged in separate or distinct activities. These 

units may be separated physically as well as 

economically, with separate records or substantially 

accurate reports available for each. If this 

establishment has previously completed the Annual 

Survey of Manufactures (ASM], Form MA-10OO, 

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, 

establishment boundaries should correspond to 

those used for the ASM. Each unit should be 

treated as a separate establishment ONLY H that 

was the determination made for the ASM. Do 

not consolidate two ASM establishments Into a 

single establishment for purposes of the MECS, 

or separate a single ASM establishment into 

two MECS establishments. Match the 11-digit 

Census File Number (CFN) located on the MECS 

questionnaire mailing label with the CFN on the ASM 

mailing label. Responses to MECS questions should 

include the same activities as those considered 

when responding to the matching ASM. If this 

establishment has never completed an ASM, report 

for all activities that occur at this physical location.

The MECS will collect data on energy consumption 

and usage patterns for the manufacturing sector of 

the U.S. economy. In addition, it will measure the 

short-term (within 30 days) capability of your 

establishment to have used substitute fuels in place 

of those actually consumed in 1988. The information 

obtained from the MECS will be used to publish 

aggregate statistics on the consumption of energy 

for fuel and nonfuel uses, and on some energyrelated issues such as energy prices, electricity 

generation onsite, and fuel-switching capabilities.

C. Who Should Report?

This survey is mandatory under the Federal Energy 

Administration Act of 1974, P.L. 93-275, and 

under Title 3, Subtitle B of the Omnibus Budget 

Reconciliation Act of 1986, Public Law 99-509.

This form is addressed to establishments operating 

petroleum refineries SIC 2911, as defined by the 

1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual 

(SIC). Establishments operating in the 

manufacturing sector, SIC 20 through 28, the 

remainder of SIC 29, and SIC 30 through 39 will 

complete similar MECS forms. Response by 

establishments included in the MECS sample 

selected for the survey and receiving the MECS 

survey form is required by law. Failure to respond 

may result in criminal fines, civil penalties, and other 

sanctions as provided by law.

D. How Is My Privacy Protected?

By Section 9 of Title 13, U.S. Code, your report to 

the Census Bureau is confidential. It may be seen 

only by sworn Census Bureau employees and may 

be used only for statistical purposes. The law also 

provides that copies retained in your files are 

immune from legal process.

E. When Is The Report Due?

The questionnaire should be returned by the due 

date specified on the form. Please use the enclosed 

return envelope. If the envelope has been 

misplaced, return the completed questionnaire to:

Bureau of the Census 

1201 East Tenth Street 

Jeffersonville, IN 47132

F. How Is e Manufacturing Establishment 

Defined?

A manufacturing establishment is an economic unit 

at a single physical location where the mechanical or 

chemical transformation of materials or substances 

into new products is performed. These operations 

are generally conducted in facilities described as 

plants, factories, or mills and characteristically use 

power-driven machines and material-handling 

equipment. Manufacturing also includes such 

activities as the assembly of components of 

manufactured products and the blending of materials 

such as lubricating oil, plastics, resins, or liquors.

An establishment is not necessarily identical to a 

business concern or firm, either of which may 

consist of one or more establishments. An 

establishment may consist of one or more units that

Section 1 - NONCOMBUSTIBLE ENERGY 

SOURCES

Energy sources used in manufacturing can be divided 

into two groups: combustible (capable of being 

burned), and noncombustible (such as electricity, 

steam, and industrial hot water). The purpose of 

section 1 is to collect 1988 data for noncombustible 

energy sources, in particular, electricity and steam.

Column 2 collects data that will provide important 

information on the components of electricity 

production, and permit an estimate to be made of the 

total consumption of electricity at your 

establishment. Column 3 collects data on the 

additional contribution that steam makes to the total 

consumption of energy at your establishment through 

net transfers and steam generated onsite by 

renewable energy sources. Column 4 collects data on 

hot water purchased for use as an energy source and 

used at this establishment site.

Electricity is to be reported in thousands of kilowatthours. Steam and industrial hot water are to be 

reported in millions of Btu. If you keep your records for 

steam in pounds, use a factor of 1,200 Btu per pound 

of steam to convert your data into Btu.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS

Line 1a - Quantity Purchased From Utilities -

Enter the quantity of each noncombustible energy 

source that was purchased from a utility and delivered 

to this establishment site in 1988, regardless of when 

payment was made. For purposes of this question, 

utilities are companies that produce and/or deliver 

electricity and/or natural gas, and are legally obligated 

to provide service to the general public within their 

franchise area. Utilities do not include such generators 

of electricity as independent power producers, small 

power producers, or cogenerators not located at this 

establishment site. Include quantities purchased for 

ANY onsite use, for example, production of heat and 

power, electrolysis processes, or steam cleaning. 

Exclude all:

• quantities purchased from independent power 

producers, small power producers, or cogenerators 

not located at this establishment site.

• quantities delivered from other establishments 

in your company even if those quantities were 

repurchased from them by your establishment.

• quantities purchased and paid for by a central 

purchasing entity separate from this establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

coNTiNui on mat 2

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 177
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

____Form EIA-846B (Continued)

Line 1b — Expenditures For Purchase* From 

Utilities — Enter the total expenditures for the 

purchased quantities reported on line la. Include all 

expenditures regardless of when payment was 

actually made.

Line 2a - Quantity Purchased From Nonutllhles -

Enter the quantity of electricity and steam that was 

purchased from offsite nonutuility power producers 

and delivered to this establishment site in 1988, 

regardless of when payment was made. Include 

quantities purchased for ANY onsite use. 

Exclude all:

• quantities delivered from other

establishments in your company even if 

those quantities were repurchased from 

them by your establishment.

• quantities purchased and paid for by a 

central purchasing entity separate from this 

establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

Line 2b — Expenditures For Purchases From 

NonutllKies — Enter the total expenditures for the 

purchased quantities reported on line 2a. Include all 

expenditures regardless of when payment was 

actually made.

Line 3 - Other Receipts - Enter all additional 

quantities delivered to your establishment site in 

1988 but not reported on lines 1 a or 2a. 

Include:

• quantities purchased and paid for by a 

central purchasing entity separate from this 

establishment.

• quantities transferred from another 

establishment of your company for which 

payment was not made.

• quantities delivered from another

establishment of your company even if those 

quantities were repurchased from them by 

your establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

Une 4 - Total Electricity Receipt* - Enter the 

sum of lines 1a, 2a and 3 for electricity only. Copy 

this total electricity receipt figure to column 2, line 1 

of Section III — Fuel Switching.

Une 5 — Quantity Co^enerated - Enter the 

total quantity of electricity cogenerated from 

all energy sources, including renewable 

sources. For purposes of this survey, electrical 

cogeneration is defined es the production of 

electric energy and another form of useful 

energy (such as heat or steam) through the 

sequential use of energy.

Une 6 — Quantity Generated from Renewable* —

Enter the totel quantity of each noncombustible 

energy source generated onsite directly from solar 

power, wind power, hydropower, or geothermal 

sources. Any electricity produced as a part of a 

cogeneration process (that is, electricity generated 

from geothermal steam which is then itself used) 

should be excluded. Such quantities should be 

included on line 5.

Une 7 - Other Generation - Enter the total 

quantity of electricity generated onsite by all other 

means not included on lines 5 and 6 above. For 

example, electricity generated by diesel generators 

should be reported here.

Page 2

Line 8 — Sales or Transfers to Utilities — Enter 

the total quantity of electricity sold or transferred by 

your establishment in 1988 to utilities. For purposes 

of this survey, utilities are companies that produce 

and/or deliver electricity and^or natural gas, and are 

legally obligated to provide service to the general 

public within their franchise area. Utilities do not 

include such generators of electricity as independent 

power producers, small power producers, or 

cogenerators not located at this establishment site. 

Include quantities exchanged for the same or any 

other energy source(s).

Lino 9 - Sales or Transfers to Nonutiltties -

Enter the total quantity of each noncombustible 

energy source sold or transferred in 1988 to 

establishments other than utilities. Include 

quantities exchanged for the same or any other 

energy source(s).

Line 10 - Nonutiltty Suppliers - If any

electricity reported in column 2, line 3 was 

obtained by transfer from another 

establishment of your company, enter the 

name, address and telephone number of the 

supplying establishment. If you received 

transfers from more than one of this type of 

establishment, use the "Remarks" section to 

identify remaining suppliers.

Questions 11 and 12 should be completed if there 

was any electricity generated at this establishment 

site in 1988 (column 2 has a nonzero entry on 

lines 5, 6, or7). If your establishment had no onsite 

generation in 1988, omit questions 11 and 12 and 

proceed with Section It — Combustible Energy 

Sources.

Question 11 — Indicate by checking the 

appropriate box whether or not this establishment 

was electrically interconnected with an electric 

utility (that is, able to deliver electricity to the grid as 

well as receive electricity) as of December 31,1988.

Question 12 — Indicate by checking the 

appropriate box whether or not this establishment 

was designated as a Qualifying Facility (QF) under 

the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 

(PURPA) as of December 31, 1988.

Section II - COMBUSTIBLE ENERGY 

SOURCES

There are two versions of Section II — Combustible 

Energy Sources. In order to determine which 

version you should complete, first determine 

whether your establishment consists only of a 

refinery, only of a petrochemical operation, or 

some combination of the two. For purposes of this 

survey, a refinery is an installation that 

manufactures finished petroleum products from 

crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, other 

hydrocarbons, and alcohol. Processes used by a 

refinery include fractional distillation, cracking 

(both catalytic and hydrocracking), coking, 

reforming, alkylation, isomerization, 

polymerization, hydrotreating and sweetening. 

Products include, but are not limited to, unfinished 

oils, motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, special 

naphthas, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel 

oil, lubricating oils, asphalt and road oil, waxes, 

petroleum coke, still gas and petrochemical 

feedstocks. A petrochemical operation produces 

substances by the chemical treatment of raw 

materials derived from petroleum or natural gas. 

Among the final products are plastics (including 

synthetic rubbers), synthetic fibers, chemicals, 

drugs, and detergents.

COMTIHUC OH fAOf 3

178 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846B (Continued)____

Second, determine what establishment 

boundaries were used when completing the 

1 988 Annual Survey of Manufactures. Check 

the box next to the correct description of the 

manufacturing site that contains the 

establishment identified on the address label. 

Opposite each box is the schedule of Section II 

that should be completed.

• If the establishment site contains 

refinery operations only, complete 

version A of Section II omitting columns 

9 and 10. (If the site contains both 

refinery and adjacent petrochemical 

operations that are identified as 

separate establishments for purposes 

of the ASM, version A of Section II 

should be completed, omitting columns 

9 and 10.)

• If the establishment site contains both 

refinery and petrochemical operations 

that are identified as a single 

establishment for purposes of the 

ASM, complete ALL unshaded areas of 

version A.

• If the establishment site contains

petrochemical operations only, complete 

version B of Section II. (If the site 

contains both petrochemical and refinery 

operations that are identified as separate 

establishments for purposes of the 

ASM, complete version B of Section II.)

VERSION A - SECTION II - 

COMBUSTIBLE ENERGY SOURCES

Column 1 — Energy Sources to be Reported —

Sixteen energy sources have been preprinted in 

column 1, separated into the general categories of 

petroleum and nonpetroleum based. Determine from 

the criteria below which of the preprinted energy 

sources should be included for reporting and which 

excluded.

First, EXCLUDE all energy sources that were not 

consumed for any purpose at this establishment 

site during 1988. All excluded energy sources 

should be lined out, and no entries should be 

made in any column. Next, if your establishment 

consumed any energy sources for any purpose 

during 1988 that are not included in the 

preprinted list, add those energy sources under 

the "Other" heading for petroleum based or 

nonpetroleum based energy sources. NOTE — In 

making additional entries, the preprinted entry 

"Waste and byproduct gases" includes all waste 

gas streams (for example, refinery gas, fuel gas, 

vent gas, offgas, still gas, and other waste gases) 

produced onsite except hydrogen.

All unlined energy sources, including any 

additions to the preprinted list, should be further 

evaluated for inclusion or exclusion by the 

specific criterion listed below.

If your only means of supply of an energy 

source during 1988 was as a byproduct of 

energy source inputs to any of your 

manufacturing processes, it should be 

included ONLY if it was at least partially 

consumed onsite as a fuel during 1988 {that 

is for heat, power, or electricity generation). 

If none of that onsite-produced energy 

source was consumed onsite as a fuel, it 

should be excluded.

Complete the appropriate columns for all energy 

sources that were not excluded by the above 

procedures. Entries should be made in 

accordance with the specific instructions for 

these columns.

EIA-B4BB-I 15-12-891

Page 3

Column 3 — Reporting Units — Use the indicated 

units for reporting all quantities. For those 

establishments that keep records in Btu, note that 

volume measures should be reported as actual 

physical quantities, rather than adjusted to 

represent a standard energy content. One barrel 

contains 42 gallons. The approximate liquid 

equivalent conversion factor of LPG is 3.603 million 

Btu per barrel. Petroleum coke should also be 

reported in barrels. A barrel will hold approximately 

400 pounds of petroleum coke, or the equivalent of 

6.024 million Btu. A short ton of petroleum coke 

contains approximately 30.12 million Btu. Natural 

gas should be reported in thousands of cubic feet. 

One thousand cubic feet of natural gas is equal to 

about 10.3 therms, or 1.03 million Btu.

Column 4 — Quantity Purchased — Complete for 

nonpetroleum based energy sources only. Enter the 

quantity of each energy source that was purchased 

and delivered to this establishment in 1988, 

regardless of when payment was made. Include 

quantities of those energy sources that were 

purchased for ANY onsite use, for example, the 

production of heat or power, electrolysis processes, 

steam cleaning, or as a petrochemical feedstock or a 

raw material input to any manufacturing operation. 

Exclude all:

• quantities delivered from another establishment 

in your company even if those quantities 

were repurchased from them by your 

establishment.

• quantities purchased and paid for by a central 

purchasing entity separate from this 

establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

Column 5 — Expenditures — Complete for nonpetroleum based energy sources only. Enter the total 

expenditures for each of the purchased quantities 

reported in column 4. Include all expenditures 

regardless of when payment was made.

Column 6 — Other Receipts — Complete for nonpetroleum based energy sources only. For each 

included energy source, enter all additional 

quantities delivered to your establishment site in 

1 988 but not reported in column 4. Include:

• quantities purchased and paid for by a 

central purchasing entity separate from this 

establishment.

• quantities transferred from another 

establishment of your company for which 

payment was not made.

• quantities delivered from another

establishment of your company even if these 

quantities were repurchased from them by 

your establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

Exclude any quantities transferred between a 

petroleum refinery and a chemical plant if the two 

were treated as a single establishment by the ASM.

Column 7 — Onsite Production — Complete for 

nonpetroleum based energy sources only. Enter the 

total quantity of any energy source that was 

produced onsite in 1988 as a product, a byproduct, a 

waste material, or an output from a captive (onsite) 

mine or well, and was at least partially consumed 

onsite. Enter the TOTAL quantity produced onsite, 

regardless of whether some or all of it was consumed 

as a fuel or feedstock, transferred off site, sold, or 

otherwise disposed of. Examples of byproducts 

include petroleum coke, hydrogen, and still gas. 

Examples of waste products include wood scraps, 

packing materials, waste paper and cardboard, and 

waste oils.

CONTINUE OH PAOf 4

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 179
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

____Form EIA-846B (Continued)

Column 8 — Onsrt* Fuel Consumption —

Complete for ALL energy sources. Enter the quantity 

consumed onsite as a fuel for the production of heat, 

steam, power, or the generation of electricity. Also 

include fuel consumed by vehicles dedicated primarily 

for use onsite. Copy the entries, if any, in Column 8 

for natural gas, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, LPG, 

and total coal products to line 1 of section III — Fuel 

Switching.

Column 9 — Onsite Nonfual Consumption —

Complete ONLY if your establishment contains both 

refinery and non-refinery operations that are , 

identified as a single establishment for purposes of 

the ASM. Note that this column requests data for 

the NON-REFINERY operations only. Enter the 

quantity of each energy source that was consumed 

onsite for all purposes other than fuel use. Include all 

quantities consumed as feedstocks (for example, 

butane processed in producing rubber compounds), 

raw materials (for example, coal used to produce 

coke), additives, or ingredients for products 

manufactured by this establishment. Exclude all 

offsite dispositions such as sales and transfers to 

other establishments.

Column 10 - Shipments Offsite to Other 

Establishments - Complete ONLY if your 

establishment contains both refinery and nonrefinery operations that are identified as a single 

establishment for purposes of the ASM. Note that 

this column requests data for the NON-REFINERY 

operations only. Enter the quantity of each energy 

source that was shipped offsite to any other 

establishment.

VERSION B - SECTION II - 

COMBUSTIBLE ENERGY SOURCES

Column 1 — Energy Sources to be Reported —

Twenty-three energy sources have been preprinted 

in column 1, separated into the general categories 

of solids, gases, and liquids. Determine from the 

criteria below which of the preprinted energy 

sources should be included for reporting and which 

excluded.

First, EXCLUDE all energy sources that were not 

consumed for any purpose at this establishment site 

during 1988. All excluded energy sources should be 

lined out, and no entries should be made in any 

column. Next, if your establishment consumed any 

energy sources for any purpose during 1988 that 

are not included in the preprinted list, add those 

energy sources under the "Other" heading for 

solids, gases, and liquids. NOTE — In making 

additional entries, the preprinted entry "Waste and 

byproduct gases" includes all waste gas streams 

(for example, refinery gas, fuel gas, vent gas, 

offgas, still gas, and other waste gases) produced 

onsite except hydrogen.

All unlined energy sources, including any additions to 

the preprinted list, should be further evaluated for 

inclusion or exclusion by the specific criterion listed 

below.

If your only means of supply of an energy 

source during 1988 was as a byproduct of 

energy source inputs to any of your 

manufacturing processes, it should be 

included ONLY if it was at least partially 

consumed onsite as a fuel during 1988 

(that is for heat, power, or electricity 

generation). If none of that onsite-produced 

energy source was consumed onsite as a 

fuel, it should be excluded.

Complete the appropriate columns for ell energy 

sources that were not excluded by the above 

procedures. Entries should be made in accordance 

with the specific instructions for these columns.

EIA846B-I I5-12-89I

Page 4

Column 3 — Reporting Units — Use the

indicated units for reporting all quantities. For 

those establishments that keep records in Btu, 

note that volume measures should be reported as 

actual physical quantities, rather than adjusted to 

represent a standard energy content. One barrel 

contains 42 gallons. The approximate liquid 

equivalent conversion factor of LPG is 3.603 

million Btu per barrel. Petroleum coke should also 

be reported in barrels. A barrel will hold 

approximately 400 pounds of petroleum coke, or 

the equivalent of 6.024 million Btu. A short ton 

of petroleum coke contains approximately 30.12 

million Btu. Natural gas should be reported in 

thousands of cubic feet. One thousand cubic feet 

of natural gas is equal to about 10.3 therms, or 

1.03 million Btu.

Column 4 — Quantity Purchased — Enter the 

quantity of each energy source that was purchased 

and delivered to this establishment in 1988, 

regardless of when payment was made. Include 

quantities of those energy sources that were 

purchased for ANY onsite use, for example, the 

production of heat or power, electrolysis processes, 

steam cleaning, or as a petrochemical feedstock or a 

raw material input to any manufacturing operation. 

Exclude all:

• quantities delivered from another establishment 

in your company even if those quantities 

were repurchased from them by your 

establishment.

• quantities purchased and paid for by a central 

purchasing entity separate from this 

establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

Column 5 — Expenditures — Enter the total 

expenditures for each of the purchased quantities 

reported in column 4. Include all expenditures 

regardless of when payment was made.

Column 6 — Other Receipts — For each included 

energy source, enter all additional quantities 

delivered to your establishment site in 1988 but not 

reported in column 4. Include:

• quantities purchased and paid for by a 

central purchasing entity separate from this 

establishment.

• quantities transferred from another 

establishment of your company for which 

payment was not made.

• quantities delivered from another 

establishment of your company even if these 

quantities were repurchased from them by 

your establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

Exclude any quantities transferred between a 

petroleum refinery and a chemical plant if the two 

were treated as a single establishment by the

ASM.

Column 7 — Onsite Production — Enter the total 

quantity of any energy source that was produced 

onsite in 1988 as a product, a byproduct, a waste 

material, or an output from a captive {onsite) mine or 

well, and was at least partially consumed onsite. 

Enter the TOTAL quantity produced onsite, 

regardless of whether some or all of it was consumed 

as a fuel or feedstock, transferred offsite, sold, or 

otherwise disposed of. Examples of byproducts 

include petroleum coke, hydrogen, and still gas . 

Examples of waste products include wood scraps, 

packing materials, waste paper and cardboard, and 

waste oils.

CONTINUE OM PAGE B

180 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

_____Form EIA-846B (Continued)____

Column 8 — Source of Onsite Production — For

each energy source that has an entry in column 7, 

check the "Yes" box if the amount listed in column 

7 resulted from consumption of any other energy 

source listed in Section II — Combustible Energy 

Sources. Check the "No" box if the energy source 

came from captive wells or mines, or is a product or 

byproduct/waste product from materials not listed in 

Section II as a combustible energy source. Examples 

include:

• hydrogen produced as a byproduct of 

natural gas in an ammonia plant would 

have the "Yes" box checked.

• hydrogen produced through the 

electrolysis of brine in a chlorine plant 

would have the "No" box checked.

• coke oven gas produced during the coal 

coking process would have the "Yes" 

box checked.

• wood chips produced as a byproduct of 

wood purchased for use as a raw material 

rather than a fuel would have the "No" 

box checked.

• pulping (black) liquor, used in the 

chemical pulping of wood, that is 

burned in a recovery furnace or 

otherwise combusted, would have the 

"No" box checked.

Column 9 — Onsite Fuel Consumption — Enter 

the quantity consumed onsite as a fuel for the 

production of heat, steam, power, or the generation 

of electricity. Also include fuel consumed by 

vehicles dedicated primarily for use onsite. Copy the 

entries, if any, in column 9 for natural gas, distillate 

fuel oil, residual fuel oil, LPG, and total coal products 

to tine 1 of Section III — Fuel Switching.

Column 10 — Onsite Nonfuel Consumption —

Enter the quantity of each energy source that was 

consumed onsite for all purposes other than fuel 

use. Include all quantities consumed as feedstocks 

{for example, butane processed in producing rubber 

compounds), raw materials (for example, coal used 

to produce coke), additives, or ingredients for 

products manufactured by this establishment. 

Exclude all offsite dispositions such as sates and 

transfers to other establishments.

Supplemental Questions —

For the purposes of Questions 1, 2a, and 2b, energy 

sources and their approximate Btu conversion 

factors include:

Acetylene

Breeze

Butane

Butylene

Coal Coke

Distillate fuel oil

Ethane

Ethylene

Isobutane

Petroleum coke

Propane

Propylene

Residual fuel oil

21,500

19.8

21,308

20,787

24.8

5.825

22,320

21,644

21,257

6.024

21,661

21,041

6.287

Btu/lb

million Btu/short ton

Btu/lb

Btu/lb

million Btu/short ton

million Btu/barrel

Btu/lb

Btu/lb

Btu/lb

million Btu/barrel

Btu/lb

Btu/lb

million Btu/barrel

NOTE — If your establishment uses more precise 

conversion values for your operations, use them in 

place of the approximations given above.

EIA-848B-I (5-12-89)

Page 5

Question 1 — Enter the total Btu content of all 

energy source products shipped offsite during 1988.

If the answer to question 1 is zero, omit question 2, 

parts a and b, and proceed directly to question 3. If 

question 1 has a non-zero response, include in the 

response to question 2 only those energy source 

products that were reported in question 1.

Question 2a — Enter the total Btu value of all energy 

source inventories as of December 31, I987.

Question 2b — Enter the total Btu value of all energy 

source inventories as of December 31,1988.

Question 3 — Enter the total design storage capacity 

located onsite as of December 31,1988, for residual 

fuel oil, distillate fuel oil, and LPG. Report the shell 

capacity (that is, the design capacity of the storage 

tanks) in the units of measure specified. Include:

• onsite capacity of all storge facilities

regardless of the intended disposition of the 

energy source (include both product storage 

tanks and tanks dedicated for onsite use).

• onsite capacity dedicated or leased for storage of 

energy sources owned by other establishments.

Section III - FUEL SWITCHING

This portion of the survey is intended to measure the 

short-term capability of your establishment to have 

used substitute energy sources in place of those 

actually consumed in 1988. Capability to use 

substitute energy sources means that this 

establishment's combustors (for example, boilers, 

furnaces, ovens, blast furnaces) had the machinery 

or equipment either in place or available for 

installation in 1 988 so that substitutions could 

actually have been introduced within 30 days 

without extensive modifications.

NOTE — Fuel-switching capability as measured by 

this survey does not depend on the relative prices of 

energy sources, it depends only on the 

characteristics of your equipment and certain legal 

constraints. Fuel-switching capability sets limits on 

the extent to which you could switch to a substitute 

energy source if you wanted to or needed to. It has 

nothing to do with whether you would want to 

switch if you could. Therefore, relative prices of 

energy sources are not related to fuel-switching 

CAPABILITY and should be ignored when 

completing this section.

We recognize that records of fuel-switching 

capability are not regularly maintained. Accordingly, 

reasonable approximations of fuel-switching 

capability are acceptable. These approximations 

should be based on the judgment of a person 

knowledgeable about the fuel-switching capability 

and operations of your establishment. They are not 

expected to be formal engineering estimates based 

on a day-by-day analysis of the operating levels of 

individual combustors and interactions between 

them. Respond as realistically as possible, given 

your actual operations in 1988.

Base your estimates on the availability of substitute 

energy sources and the physical condition of your 

equipment during 1988. Include switching 

capability that could have resulted from the use of 

redundant and/or standby combustors, and from 

combustors that were already equipped to fire 

alternative fuels. Lines 1 through 3 of this portion of 

the form measure your establishment's overall 

capability to have switched from specific energy 

sources in 1988. Lines 4a through 10b describe 

your capability to replace a given energy source by 

specific alternative energy sources.

CONTINUE OH PAQt 9

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 181
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

_____Form EIA-846B (Continued)

Specific Instruction*

Una 1 — Quantity Consumed — Enter the total 

electricity receipts figure from line 4 of Section I, 

and the fuel consumption figures from Section II 

for total coal and coke, natural gas, distillate fuel 

oil, LPG, and residual fuel oil. The quantities to be 

copied are noted in the appropriate boxes of 

Sections I and II.

Una 2 — Quantity NonswKchable — Enter the 

amount of the quantity reported on Line 1 that could 

NOT have been replaced within 30 days by any 

other energy source in 1988, even given a severe 

curtailment. NOTE — Include only that portion of 

total electricity receipts (purchases plus transfers in) 

that could NOT have been replaced by either onsitegenerated electricity or energy source(s) which 

accomplish the same purposes as the offsiteproduced electricity (e.g., supplying heat or power). 

Portions of individual fuels may be non-switchable 

due to limitations such as:

• the characteristics of your physical plant 

(for example, single-fired combustors or 

the absence of redundant and/or standby 

combustors), or the requirements of your 

manufacturing process.

• binding take or pay contracts with 

energy suppliers that were in place.

• environmental regulations which limit 

the amounts of potential replacement 

fuels that could be burned.

DO NOT consider current relative prices of fuels 

as a limitation to switching capability.

Una 3 - Quantity SwHchaMa - Subtract line 2 

from line 1 and enter the results. These values 

represent the quantity of each energy source 

consumed that COULD HAVE BEEN replaced 

within 30 days by at least one other energy source 

in 1988. NOTE — If all entries on line 3 are zero, 

complete the Comments and Certification sections 

of the survey and return it to the Census Bureau. 

For each entry on line 3 that is non-zero, complete 

the remainder of that column. Complete one 

column before starting another.

Page 6

Lines 4 through 1O, Part a - Replacement Quantities — Report the maximum amount of the 

quantity shown on line 3 that could have been 

replaced within 30 days by each of the energy 

sources on lines 4 through 10, under the constraints 

listed in the instructions for line 2. Report all 

amounts in the units of the energy source that is 

being replaced. DO NOT convert this amount to units 

of the replacement energy sources. NOTE — Be sure 

to take into account not only the fuels that could be 

directly substituted for offsite-produced electricity, 

but also the fuels needed to generate electricity 

onsite that could have been used in place of 

electricity receipts.

NOTE — The sum of lines 4a through 10a for each 

column must be at least as large as the entry on line 

3 of that column, and may be larger if more than 

one alternative fuel could have been used.

Lines 4 through 10, Part fa - Lead Time - Mark 

the minimum lead time required to switch to each 

replacement energy source identified.

Section IV - REMARKS

Please provide any explanations that may be 

helpful to us in understanding your reported data. 

Attach a separate sheet if necessary. Be sure to 

include the name, address, and telephone number 

of nonutility power generating establishments of 

your company that supplied electricity to your 

establishment if you did not have enough room in 

section I to identify them.

Section V - CERTIFICATION

Period Covered By This Report — Enter the 

month, day, and year of the beginning and the 

end of the period covered by your report. If a 

calendar year report: "From January 1 to 

December 31,1988,"; if a fiscal year, specify 

which (such as "From December 1, 1987 to 

November 30, 1988"). If a part-year report is 

submitted because the establishment was not in 

operation or under your company's control for 

the entire year, specify the actual period 

covered: for example "January 2,1988 to 

August 15, 1988," or "June 1, 1988 to 

December 31, 1988."

182 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey

Form EIA-846C _____

, EIA-846C

0MB No.1905-0169: Approval Expires 04/30/91

U.S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

ACTING AS COLLECTING AND COMPILING AGENT FOR

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION

Public reporting burden for this collection of mfornvttion is estimeted to •verege 6 hour* per response, including (he time of reviewing instructions, seerching existing dm sources, gethering end mwnteiomg the dm needed, end completing end reviewing 

the collection of information. Send comments regerding this burden eetimeta or eny other eepect of this collection of inlorrnetion, 

including suggestions for reducing this burden, to the Energy Informsrjon Administretion, Office of Sutisliui Stenderdl, El-73, 

Mul Stetion: 1H-023 Forrestel. 1000 Independenc* Avenue, SW, WMhington, DC 20485; end to ttw Office of hformetion end 

ReQutttorv AHeirs, Office of Menegement end Budget, Weehington, DC 20503._________________________

Mng to thto report, ptt*M rvfer to thta Ceneue Ffe Numb* (CFN).

r

Chemicals and Allied Products;

Staal Works. Blast Fumacas,

and Rolling Mills; Products of

Petroleum and Coal

1988

MANUFACTURING ENERGY 

CONSUMPTION SURVEY

NOTICE - This survey ii mandatory under

the Federel Energy Administration Act of 1974, P.I 93-275. «nd under Title 3. Subtitle

B of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

of 1980, P.L. 99-509. Failure to respond m«y

remit m criminal firm, civil penerties. and

other unction* SB provided by law. The

ooiillJaiirtaaiy of your response to this

survey aj aiulnud hy tew Itrda 13. U.S.

Code). Your response may be seen only by sworn Census employees and may be used DUE DATE:

only for statietical purposes. The lew also

J

Please correct errors in name, address, and ZIP Code. ENTER street and number if not ihown.

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 

1201 Eaet Tenth Street 

JetfenonvMe. IN 47132

wore

ln *°"r ""• 'ra If you cannot fNe by the due date, a time extension request should be sent to 

• the above address, please include your 11-digit Census File Number ICFNI.

*nr ouaMKme, cm* (3O1I 

7M-70M.

Sewtlon I - NONCOMBU8TIBLE ENERGY SOURCES

Item daacription

(1)

Electricity

in |2|

Steam

'" (31

Industrial hot water

128 -,4|

KilowvtthouTB

was purohaaad by this establishment from uuaMia and delivered to thto establishment arts? i

purchased energy sources reported on line la?

K

za. uunng 1380, wrist amount ot electricity ana Mll steemvmpwcJwMdtrofnnomitMr auMllis by this establlshmem and delivered to tbJe Mtabtshrnerrt site?

on line 2a?

K

3. uunng l»BB, wnat amount ot each anargy source MM

and delivered to this establishment site? Do not indudethepurchuetreportedrnlinet teor2a.

4). TOTAL electricity receipts. (Sum of linn !«, 2m, tnd 31. HOTf — Copy tha qufntily to cokmn 2, lint 1 of Section III - FUEL SWITCHING.

6. During 1 968, how much electricity was generated on this establishment site by cogenerction?

6. During 1888, how much of each energy source 

was generated onaKa from solar power, wind power, hydropower, and gaothermal sources?

7. During 1988, how much electricity was

covered on Knee 5 end 8?

«. During 1988, how much electricity was sold or transferred to utilities?

•. During 1 986, how much of each energy source was sold or transferred to establishments other then utHMes?

Thou.

Dollars

Thou.

lowsrthou

Thou.

Dollars

Thou

lowstthoi

Thou.

kWh

Dollars Dollars

Dol. Mil. 'Thou. 'Dol. Mil. 'Thou. ' Dol.

II II

ITS Minion Btu

kWh

Dollar!

Dol. Mil. 'Thou. 'DO!.

ra Mutton Btu MWton Btu

kWn

Million Btu Million Btu

Million Btu MWon Btu

| i Name of energy supplier

10. If Una 3, column 2 has a nonzero entry, and any of 

your electricity suppliers was another establishment 

o< yoisr aenipeiry, identify that establishment el 

right. If you received electricity transfers from more 

than one establishment of your company, provide 

their identifying, information in tha "Remarks" section.

Address — Number and street

City State ZIP Code Phone number

I I

Questions 1 1 ano* i2bafbw should be answered it tnis Mtabficnmant generated tny dKUicitY orniu in 1988. If no tlltcti fcrjy wa gfntnud onsiu /column 2 htl zfro tntriet for lines S. 6. and 71, omit qumtkxu 11 md 12 and proofed oVractfy to Section II - CombusnWe Energy Sources.

Was this establishment atectricalry interconnected with an electric utility (that is, able to deliver electricity to tha grid as well as receive electricity) as of December 31, 1988? .................... i D Yes

12. Was this establishment designated as a Qualifying Facility IQF) under Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPAI as of December 31,1988? .......................... iDYe,

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 183
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846C (Continued)

^ Section II - COMBUSTIBLE ENERGY SOURCES

ynhT Energy sources ntcajve*! in 1 988

Energy sources Use (a 

Only rapo 

quanl

(1) (2) (C

A. SOLIDS

1. Anthracite 406

2. Bituminous and subbituminous coal 414

3. Breeze 448 Sh 

toi

4. Coal coke 430

6. Lignite 422

6. Total coal and coke (Sum of anthracite, 

bituminous and subbituminous coal, 

breeze, coal coke and lignite) 455

r p^r^u, Tisr&'sr' -•-.r.r.-r rtJ2 -±sss±r —•*•--•<«' isfsssi,

I (4) Mil. Thou. Dol- (6)

!•

Million

7. Biomass 90 1 Bf "

••mto

8. Petroleum coke 703

9. Roundwood (wood cut specifically 

for fuel use) 802

10. Waste materials (wastepaper, 

packing materials, etc.) 729

Mlllkxi

11. Wood chips, bark, and wood waste 810 B1"

12. Other solids /Specify! 

919

927

•• OASES ,,000

1 . Natural gas 307 eu' **•

2. Acetylene 646

3. Blast furnace gas 604

4. Coke oven gas 6 1 2

Million

6. Hydrogen 638 ""

6. Waste arid byproduct gases (e.g., relinery 

off gas, vent gas. plant gas, still gasl 620

7. Other gases (Specify! 

935

943

C. LIQUIDS

1 . Distillate fuel oil (numbers 1 , 2, and 4 

fuel oils and diesell 224 Ban•U

2. Kerosene 273 I

3. LPG (ethane, ethylene. propane, t 

propylene, butane, butylenal 240 '

4. Motor gasoline 232 I

Million

6. Pulping or black liquor 737 »tu

6. Residual fuel oil (numbers 5, 6, navy Bamta 

special, and bunker c) 216

7. Waste oils and tars 711 [

8. Other liquids /.Specify) Million 

950 •«"

968

For the purposes of questions 1, 2a, ana 2b below, energy sources include: acetylene, brten, buUne/butylem, coilcoke. disOlete 

tutl oil, ethine/ethylene, ifobutam, petroleum coke, propane/propylene, and residual fuel oil.

182

1. Total Btu content of energy source oroducts shiooed durino. 1 988. Million Bm

If the answer to question 1 is zero, omit questions 2a and 2b and proceed directly to question 3 on page 3. 

If question 1 has a nonzero response, include in the answers ro questions 2a and 2b only those energy 

source products that were reported in question 1 . 

2m. Total Btu value of all energy source inventories as of December 31.1 987. .......... Million Btu

2b. Total Btu value of all energy source inventories as of December 31, 1988. ......... . Million Btu

'°'"" t"> *"'C ' 5 """ Page 2

184 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846C (Continued)

Pl«as* «nt*r thi* astablishment • 1 1 -digit C«n«u» File Number p

^ Section II - COMBUSTIBLE ENERGY SOURCES - Continued

Energy sources produced onsite in 1 988 Energy sources consumed onsite in 1 988

Does the entry in col. [7) Quantity 

Quantity produced rePresent Jj\e P'«juct Quantity consumed Energy sources 

onsite «>athefV£ergvC source consumed as a fuel f°r *" n°nfuel

(7) (8) (9) (10) (11)

A. SOLIDS

1. Anthracite

2. Bituminous and subbituminous coal

i L_l Yes 2 [ j No 

3. Breeze

i fjYes 2 DNO 4. Coal coke

S. Lignite

Copy to line 1 of section 3 £

* 6. Total coal and coke (Sum of anthracite, 

bituminous and subbituminous coal, 

breeze, coal coke and lignite)

7. Biomass

1 ID Yes 2DNo 

8. Petroleum coke

9. Roundwood (wood cut specifically 

for fuel use)

10. Waste materials (wastepaper, 

packing materials, etc.)

1 D Yes - 2 D No 

1 1 . Wood chips, bark, and wood waste

i n Yes 2 D N o 12. Other solids

1 Q Yes 2 QNO

Copy to line 1 of section 3 ? B. OASES

1 . Natural gas

1 D Yes 2 Q No 2. Acetylene

i D Yes 2 D No 

3. Blest furnace gas

1 D Yes 2 D No 4. Coke oven gas

1 D Yes 2 n No 

6. Hydrogen

i D Yes 2 D NO 6. Waste and byproduct gases (e.g., refinery 

off gas, vent gas, plant gas, still gas)

1 ID Yes 2 D NO 7. Other gases

1 DYes 2DNo

Copy to line 1 of section 3f & LIQUIDS

i DYes 2 DNO 1. Distillate fuel oil (numbers 1,2, and 4 

fuel oils and dieael}

1 DYes 2 DNO 

2. Kerosene

, DYes 2DNo Copy <o line, of section 3 f 3. LPG (ethane, ethylene, propane, 

propylene, butane, butytene)

4. Motor gasoline

1 D Yes 2 DNO 

5. Pulping or black liquor

,DY.S 2DNo COPY, o line, of section 3 f 6. Residual fuel oil (numbers 5. 6. navy 

soecial. and bunker c)

1 Q Yes 2 DNO 

7. Waste oils and tars

tDYes2GNo 8. Other liquids

Census 

Use 

Only

(121

406

414

448

430

422

455

901

703

802

729

810

919

927

307

646

604

612

638

620

93E

9*3

224

273

240

232

737

216

711

950

968

3. Enter the total design storage capacity located onsite as of December 31, 1 988 for: 

3m. Distillate fuel oil .................................................... ... . . „. B«rn3b. Residual fuel oil .................................................... ,,, „.„„

3c. LPG ........................................................................ 240 nAn0

S

S 

18

Pan" 3

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 185
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846C (Continued)

fc Section III - FUEL SWITCHING

Item description

d

1. Quantity consumed — Copy the total electricity 

receipts from line 4 of section I, and the quantities of 

coal and coke, natural gas, distillate fuel oil, LPG, and 

residual fuel oil consumed onsite as a fuel from 

column (9) of section II

Now answer lines 2 and 3 as appropriate for the 

columns with nonzero entries in line 1 . Do not 

consider differences in energy prices when 

estimating amounts.

2. Quantity nonswHchabto — Enter the amount of 

the quantity in line 1 that could NOT have been 

replaced within 30 days by another energy source 

in 1988.

3. Quantity »whchaWe - Subtract line 2 from line 1 

and enter the results. This represents the total 

quantity of energy consumption that COULD HAVE 

BEEN replaced within 30 days by one or more 

alternative energy sources in 1 988.

Now answer lines 4a through lOb as appropriate for 

the columns with nonzero entries in line 3. Complete 

one column before starting another.

4m. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum 

amount that could have been replaced by electricity?

4b. What is the minimum lead time required to make the 

switch to electricity?

Sa. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum 

amount that could have been replaced by coal and 

coke?

5b. What is the minimum lead time required to make the 

switch to coal and coke?

•a. O1 the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum 

amount that could have been replaced by natural 

gas?

6b. What is the minimum lead time required to make the 

switch to natural gas?

7a. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum 

amount that could have been replaced by distillate 

fuel oil?

7b. What is the minimum lead time required to make the 

switch to distillate fuel oil?

8a. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum 

amount that could have been replaced by LPG?

So. What is the minimum lead time required to make the 

switch to LPG?

9a. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum 

amount that could have been replaced by residual 

fuel oil?

9b. What is the minimum lead time required to make the 

switch to residual fuel oil?

lOa. Of the amount shown in line 3, what is the maximum 

amount that could have been replaced by any other 

energy source? Identify that energy source, -g

lOb. What is the minimum lead time required to make the 

switch to that energy source?

Pa<

Electricity

,2)

Kilow^tihours

Kilowatthours

i| _ 1 Less than 1 day 

2 ED 1 day to 1 week

3 D More than 1 week but within 30 days

Kilowatthours

iD Less than 1 day 

2Dl day to 1 week 

3 D More than 1 week but within 30 days

Kilo watt hours

iD Less than 1 day 

2D 1 day to 1 week 

3 D More than 1 week but within 30 days

Kilowatthours

iD Less than 1 day 

2C1 1 day to 1 week 

3G Mote than 1 week but within 30 days

Kilowatthours

iQ Less than I day 

sDl day to 1 week 

3 D More than 1 week but within 30 days

Kilowatthours

1 Ljless than 1 day 

zDt day to 1 week 

3D Mote than 1 week but within 30 days

e4

Total coal and coke

.SB (g,

Short tons

Short tons

Short tons

Short tons

iLjLess than 1 day 

2Ql day to 1 week 

3D More than 1 week but within 30 dayi

Short tons

i D Less than 1 day 

2dl day to 1 week 

3D More than 1 week but within 30 diyt

Short tons

iD Less than 1 day 

2Dl day to 1 week 

sDMore than 1 week but within 30 dayi

Short tons

iD Less than 1 day 

2 D 1 day to 1 week 

3 D More than 1 week but wrthin 30 day»

Short ton*

2Dl day to 1 «3«* 

3 D More than 1 week but wrthin 30 days

Short ton!

1 D Less than 1 day 

2Dl day to 1 week 

3 D More than 1 week but within 30 day*

186 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846C (Continued)______

Please enter this establishment's 11-digit Census File NumberL

Section III - FUEL SWITCHING - Continued

Natural gae

|4J_____

Distillate fu*l oil LPG

I6I

ReakkielfvMloll

1G Less than 1 day 1 Q Less than 1 dav 1 D Less than 1 dav 1D Lass than 1 day

zDl daytol week 2D 1 day to 1 week 2D 1 day to 1 week zD 1 day to 1 week

aDMorethan 1 week but within 30 days sO More than 1 weak but within 30 days 3D More than 1 weak but wrthin 30 days aDMorethan 1 week but within 30 days

1 Q Less than 1 dav t D Less than 1 day 1 D Less than 1 day 1D Less than 1 day

2 n 1 day to 1 week 2 D 1 day to 1 week 2 D 1 day to 1 weak 2Dl dayto 1 week

sC More than 1 week but within 30 days aOworethan 1 waek but within 30 days sOMorethanl weak but within 30 days sOMorethanl week but within 30 daya

Barrels Gallons Barrels

1 D Less than 1 day 1D Less than 1 day 1D Less than 1 day

2Dl day to 1 weak 2D1 day to 1 week zD 1 day to 1 weak

3D More than 1 week but within 30 days 3 D More than 1 week but within 30 days 3D More than I week but within 30 days

lOOOcu. ft. ———————Ga||<)ns Barrels

I D Less than 1 day 1D Leas than 1 day 1D Less than 1 day

2Dl daytol week 2 D1 day to 1 week zD 1 day to 1 week

3DMoteth»r.lw««kbutwntTMi30aeys sDMoretnan 1 wwkbut wilhmSOdsys 3Ql*otsfttn 1 we* tut within 30 ten

I.OOOcu. ft. Barrels Barrels

1 D Less than I day 1 D Less than 1 day , O Less than 1 day

zD 1 day to 1 week zD 1 day to 1 week 2Ql daytol waak

3D More than 1 week but within 30 days 3 D More than 1 week but within 30 days aOMorethan 1 wMkbut wWiin30d«vs

I.OOOcu. ft. Barrels Gallons ————————————————————

1D Less than 1 day 1Q Less than 1 day 1 [II Less than 1 day

2 n 1 day to 1 week 2 D 1 day to I waak 2Dl day to 1 week

adMorethant week but within 30 days sdMorathan 1 weakbut wrthmSOdays aO More thanl w«ak but within 30 days

I.OOOcu. ft. Barrels Gallons Berrele

1 D Less than 1 day i C] Less th.n 1 day I D Less than 1 day 1D Less than 1 dey

2Dl day to I week 2D1 day to 1 week 2d 1 day to 1 week 2D1 day to 1 wmk

3D More than 1 week Out within 30 days adMorethan 1 week but within 30 days 3l~] More than 1 weak but within 30 days sD More than 1 week but wrthin 30 days

FORM flA 846C is 1 89) ———————————————————————————————————————————"——————————————————————————•——————————•—————•—————-—————

Pages

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 187
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846C (Continued)____

Section IV - REMARKS - Please use th>s space or attach a 

in understanding your reported data- Be sure to include the name 

establishments of your company that transferred or deliveied elect 

nor have enough room in section I.

eet tot any explanations that may be essential 

J telephone number of power generating 

jm to your establishment m 1988 if you did

Section V — CERTIFICATION — The data in this report have been prepared in accordance with the instruction*. 

lame of person to contact regarding this report - Print or type Area coda Numb*r

Telephone

Address — Number and street

Period co«*rM

bythhnport

FROM:

TO

Mo

Mo.

JD»y

|D»v

1

Y««r

Y.»

City ZIP Code Signature of authorized person Date

FORM tl* B4«c 16 ' Sftl

Page 6

188 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

_____Form EJA-846C (Continued!__

EIA-S46C-I

!!, 12 891

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FORM EIA-846C

Chemicals and Allied Products; Steal Works, Blast Furnaces, and Rolling 

Mills; Products of Petroleum and Coal

1988 MANUFACTURING ENERGY CONSUMPTION SURVEY

A. Who is Responsible for Conducting the

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey?

The Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECSj 

was designed, and is being sponsored, by the Energy 

Information Administration (EIAI of the U.S. Department 

of Energy. The survey is being administered and 

compiled by the U.S. Bureau of the Census.

B What is The Purpose of This Survey?

The MECS will collect data on energy consumption 

and usage patterns for the manufacturing sector of 

the U.S. economy. In addition, it wilt measure the 

short-term (within 30 days) capability of your 

establishment to have used substitute fuels in place 

of those actually consumed in 1 988. The information 

obtained from the MECS will be used to publish 

aggregate statistics on the consumption of energy 

for fuel and nonfuel uses, and on some energyrelated issues such as energy prices, electricity 

generation onsite, and fuel-switching capabilities.

C. Who Should Report?

This survey is mandatory under the Federal Energy 

Administration Act of 1 974, P.L. 93-275, and 

under Title 3, Subtitle B of the Omnibus Budget 

Reconciliation Act of 1986, Public Law 99-509.

This form is addressed to establishments operating 

in SIC 28, 29 (except 2911), and 331 2, as defined 

by the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification 

Manual (SIC). Establishments operating in the 

manufacturing sector, SIC 20 through 27, and 30 

through 39 will complete similar MECS forms. 

Response by establishments included in the MECS 

sample selected for the survey and receiving the 

MECS survey form is required by law. Failure to 

respond may result in criminal fines, civil penalties, 

and other sanctions as provided by law.

D. How Is My Privacy Protected?

By Section 9 of Title 1 3, U.S. Code, your report to 

the Census Bureau is confidential. It may be seen 

only by sworn Census Bureau employees and may 

be used only for statistical purposes. The law also 

provides that copies retained in your files are 

immune from legal process.

E. When Is The Report Due?

The questionnaire should be returned by the due 

date specified on the form. Please use the enclosed 

return envelope. If the envelope has been 

misplaced, return the completed questionnaire to:

Bureau of the Census 

1201 East Tenth Street 

Jeffersonville, IN 47132

F. How Is • Manufacturing Establishment 

Defined?

A manufacturing establishment is an economic unit 

at a single physical location where the mechanical or 

chemical transformation of materials or substances 

into new products is performed. These operations 

are generally conducted in facilities described as 

plants, factories, or mills and characteristically use 

power-driven machines and Material-handling 

equipment. Manufacturing also includes such 

activities as the assembly of components of 

manufactured products and the blending of materials 

such as lubricating oil, plastics, resins, or liquors.

An establishment is not necessarily identical to a 

business concern or firm, either of which may 

consist of one or more establishments. An 

establishment may consist of one or more units that

are engaged in separate or distinct activities. These 

units may be separated physically as well as 

economically, with separate records or substantially 

accurate reports available for each. If this 

establishment has previously completed the Annual 

Survey of Manufactures (ASM), Form MA-1000, 

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, 

establishment boundaries should correspond to 

those used for the ASM. Each unit should be 

treated as a separata establishment ONLY if that 

was the determination made for the ASM. Do 

not consolidate two ASM establishments into a 

single establishment for purposes of the MECS, 

or separate a single ASM establishment into 

two MECS establishments. Match the 11 -digit 

Census File Number (CFN) located on the MECS 

questionnaire mailing label with the CFN on the ASM 

mailing label. Responses to MECS questions should 

include the same activities as those considered 

when responding to the matching ASM. If this 

establishment has never completed an ASM, report 

for all activities that occur at this physical location.

Section 1 - NONCOMBUSTIBLE ENERGY 

SOURCES

Energy sources used in manufacturing can be divided 

into two groups: combustible (capable of being 

burned), and noncombustible (such as electricity, 

steam, and industrial hot water). The purpose of 

section 1 is to collect 1988 data for noncombustible 

energy sources, in particular, electricity and steam.

Column 2 collects data that will provide important 

information on the components of electricity 

production, and permit an estimate to be made of the 

total consumption of electricity at your establishment. 

Column 3 collects data on the additional contribution 

that steam makes to the total consumption of energy 

at your establishment through net transfers and 

steam generated onsite by renewable energy sources. 

Column 4 collects data on hot water purchased tor 

use as an energy source and used at this 

establishment site.

Electricity is io be reported in thousands of kilowatthours. Steam and industrial hot water are to be 

reported in millions of Btu. If you keep your records for 

steam in pounds, use a factor of 1,200 Btu per pound 

of steam to convert your data into Btu.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS

Line 1a - Quantity Purchased From UtWoa* -

Enter the quantity of each noncombustible energy 

source that was purchased from a utility and delivered 

to this establishment site in 1988, regardless of when 

payment was made. For purposes of this question, 

utilities are companies that produce and/or deliver 

electricity and/or natural gas, and are legally obligated 

to provide service to the general public within their 

franchise area. Utilities do not include such generators 

of electricity as independent pov»et producers, small 

power producers, or cogenerators not located at this 

establishment site. Include quantities purchased for 

ANY onsite use, for example, production of heat and 

power, electrolysis processes, or steam cleaning. 

Exclude all:

• quantities purchased from independent power 

producers, small power producers, or cogenerators 

not located at this establishment site.

• quantities delivered from other establishments 

in your company even if those quantities were 

repurchased from them by your establishment.

• quantities purchased and paid for by a central 

purchasing entity separate from this establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

COHTIHUl OH fAOl 1

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 189
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846C (Continued)___

UIM 1b — Expenditure* For Purchase* From 

Utilttie* — Enter the total expenditures for the 

purchased quantities reported on line 1 a. Include all 

expenditures regardless of when payment was 

actually made.

UIM 2a - Quantity Purchmrad From NonutilKles -

Enter the quantity of electricity and steam that was 

purchased from offsite nonutuility power producers 

and delivered to this establishment site in 1988, 

regardless of when payment was made. Include 

quantities purchased for ANY onsite use. 

Exclude all.

• quantities delivered from other establishments 

in your company even if those quantities were 

repurchased from them by your establishment.

• quantities purchased and paid for by a central 

purchasing entity separate from this 

establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

Uira 2b - Expenditure* For Purchase* From 

NonutHHIw — Enter the total expenditures for the 

purchased quantities reported on line 2a. Include all 

expenditures regardless of when payment was 

actually made.

LbM 3 — Other Receipt* - Enter all additional 

quantities delivered to your establishment site in 

1988 but not reported on lines 1 a or 2a. 

Include:

• quantities purchased and paid for by a 

central purchasing entity separate from this 

establishment.

• quantities transferred from another 

establishment of your company for which 

payment was not made.

• quantities delivered from another establishment of your company even if those quantities were 

repurchased from them by your establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

Line 4 - Total Electricity Receipts - Enter 

the sum of lines 1 a, 2a, and 3 for electricity only. 

Copy this total electricity receipt figure to 

column 2, line 1 of Section III — Fuel Switching.

Line 6 - Quantity Coganeratad — Enter the 

total quantity of electricity cogenerated from 

all energy sources, including renewable 

sources. For purposes of this survey, electrical 

cogeneration is defined as the production of 

electric energy and another form of useful 

energy (such as heat or steam) through the 

sequential use of energy.

UneS-Ou irtttyQe •dfri iRenet

Enter the total quantity of each noncombustible 

energy source generated onsite directly from solar 

power, wind power, hydropower, or geothermal 

sources. Any electricity produced as a part of a 

cogeneration process (that is, electricity generated 

from geothermal steam which is then itself used) 

should be excluded. Such quantities should be 

included on line 5.

Line 7-CM I- Enter the total

quantity of electricity generated onsite by all other 

means not included on lines 5 and 6 above. For 

example, electricity generated by diesel generators 

should be reported here.

UnaS - SaknorTraneforatoUtHltlea- Enter 

the total quantity of electricity sold or transferred by 

your establishment in 1988 to utilities. For purposes 

of this survey, utilities are companies that produce 

and/or deliver electricity and/or natural gas, and are 

legally obligated to provide service to the general 

public within their franchise area. Utilities do not 

include such generators of electricity as independent 

power producers, small power producers, or 

cogeneretors not located at this establishment site. 

Include quantities exchanged for the same or any 

other energy source(s).

Page 2

Line 9 - Sale* or Transfer* to Nonutllrtte* -

Enter the total quantity of each noncombustible 

energy source sold or transferred in 1988 to 

establishments other than utilities. Include 

quantities exchanged for the same or any other 

energy source(s).

Line 1O - Nonutllrty Supplier* - If any

electricity reported in column 2, line 3 was 

obtained by transfer from another 

establishment of your company, enter the 

name, address and telephone number of the 

supplying establishment. If you received 

transfers from more than one of this type of establishment, use the "Remarks" section to 

identify remaining suppliers.

Questions ) "I and 12 should be completed if there 

was any electricity generated at this establishment 

site in 1988 (column 2 has a nonzero entry on 

lines 5, 6, or 7), If your establishment had no onsite 

generation in 1988, omit questions 11 and 12 and 

proceed with Section II — Combustible Energy 

Sources.

Question 11 - Indicate by checking the 

appropriate box whether or not this establishment 

was electrically interconnected with an electric 

utility (that is, able to deliver electricity to the grid as 

well as receive electricity) as of December 31,1988.

Question 12- Indicate by checking the 

appropriate box whether or not this establishment 

was designated as a Qualifying Facility (QF) under 

the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 

IPURPA) as of December 31,1988.

Section II - COMBUSTIBLE ENERGY 

SOURCES

Column 1 — Energy Source* to be Reported —

Twenty-three energy sources have been preprinted 

in column 1, separated into the general categories 

of solids, gases, and liquids. Prior to completing 

columns 4 through 10, determine from the criteria 

below which of the preprinted energy sources 

should be included for reporting and which 

excluded.

First, EXCLUDE all energy sources that were not 

consumed for any purpose at this establishment 

site during 1988. All excluded energy sources 

should be lined out, and no entries should be made 

in columns 4 through 10. Next, if your 

establishment consumed any energy source* for 

any purpose during 1988 that are not included in 

the preprinted list, add those energy sources under 

the "Other" heading for solids, gases, or liquids.

All unlined energy sources, including any additions 

to the preprinted list, should be further evaluated 

for inclusion or exclusion by the specific criterion 

listed below.

If your only means of supply of an 

energy source during 1988 was as a 

byproduct of energy source inputs to 

any of your manufacturing processes, 

it should be included ONLY if it was at 

least partially consumed ontite a* a 

fuel during 1988 (that is for heat, 

power, or electricity generation). If 

none of that onsite-produced energy 

source was consumed onsite as a fuel, 

it should be excluded.

Complete columns 4 through 10 for all energy 

sources that were not excluded by the above 

procedures. Entries should be made in 

accordance with the specific instructions for 

these columns.

COHTIHUf OH fAOt 3

190 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

Form EIA-846C (Continued)_____

Column 3 - Reporting Units - Use the indicated 

units for reporting all quantities. For those 

establishments that keep records in Btu, note that 

volume measures should be reported as actual 

physical quantities, rather than adjusted to 

represent a standard energy content. One barrel 

contains 42 gallons. The approximate liquid equivalent conversion factor of LPG is 3.603 million 

Btu per barrel. Petroleum coke should also be 

reported in barrels. A barrel will hold approximately 

400 pounds of petroleum coke, or the equivalent of 

6.024 million Btu. A short ton of petroleum coke contains approximately 30.12 million Btu. Natural 

gas should be reported in thousands of cubic feet. 

One thousand cubic feet of natural gas is equal to 

about 10.3 therms, or 1.03 million Btu.

Column 4 — Quantity Purchased — Enter the 

quantity of each energy source that was purchased 

and delivered to this establishment in 1988, 

regardless of when payment was made. Include 

quantities of those energy sources that were 

purchased for ANY onsite use, for example, the 

production of heat or power, electrolysis processes, 

steam cleaning, or as a petrochemical feedstock or a 

raw material input to any manufacturing operation. 

Exclude all:

• quantities delivered from another establishment 

in your company even if those quantities 

were repurchased from them by your 

establishment.

• quantities purchased and paid for by a central 

purchasing entity separate from this 

establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

Column 5 - Expenditures - Enter the total 

expenditures for each of the purchased quantities 

reported in column 4. Include all expenditures 

regardless of when payment was made.

Column 6 — Other Receipts — For each included 

energy source, enter all additional quantities 

delivered to your establishment site in 1988 but not 

reported in column 4. Include:

• quantities purchased and paid for by a 

central purchasing entity separate from this 

establishment.

• quantities transferred from another 

establishment of your company for which 

payment was not made.

• quantities delivered from another 

establishment of your company even if these 

quantities were repurchased from them by 

your establishment.

• quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

Column 7 — Onsite Production - Enter the 

total quantity of any energy source that was 

produced onsite in 1988 as a product, a 

byproduct, a waste material, or an output from a 

captive (onsite) mine or well, and was at least 

partially consumed onsite. Enter the TOTAL 

quantity produced onsite, regardless of whether 

some or all of it was consumed as a fuel or 

feedstock, transferred offsite, sold, or otherwise 

disposed of. Examples of byproducts include 

coke, hydrogen, still gas, coke oven gas, wood 

chips and black liquor. Examples of waste 

products include wood scraps, pecking materials, 

waste paper and cardboard, and waste oils.

EIA-044C-I (6-12-m

PageS

Column 8 — Source of Omit* Production —

For each energy source that has an entry in 

column 7, check the "Yes" box if the amount 

listed in column 7 resulted from consumption of 

any other energy source listed in Section II — 

Combustible Energy Sources. Check the "No" 

box if the energy source came from captive 

wells or mines, or is a product or byproduct/waste product from materials not 

listed in section II as a combustible energy 

source. Examples include:

• hydrogen produced as a byproduct of 

natural gas in an ammonia plant would have the "Yes" box checked.

• hydrogen produced through the 

electrolysis of brine in a chlorine plant 

would have the "No" box checked.

• coke oven gas produced during the 

coal coking process would have the 

"Yes" box checked.

• wood chips produced as a byproduct of 

wood purchased for use as a raw 

material rather than a fuel would have 

the "No" box checked.

• pulping (black) liquor, used in the 

chemical pulping of wood, that is 

burned in a recovery furnace or otherwise combusted, would have the 

"No" box checked.

Column 9 - Onsite Fuel Consumption -

Enter the quantity consumed onsite as a fuel 

for the production of heat, steam, power, or 

the generation of electricity. Also include fuel 

consumed by vehicles dedicated primarily for 

use onsite. Copy the entries, if any, in 

column 9 for natural gas, distillate fuel oil, 

residual fuel oil, LPG, and total coal products 

to line 1 of Section III — Fuel Switching.

Column 1O - Onsite Nonfiwl Co nptton -

Enter the quantity of each energy source that was 

consumed onsite for all purposes other than fuel 

use. Include all quantities consumed as 

feedstocks (for example, butane processed in 

producing rubber compounds), raw materials (for 

example, coal used to produce coke), additives, or 

ingredients for products manufactured by this 

establishment. Exclude all offsite dispositions 

such as sales and transfers to other 

establishments.

Suppto ntal Qi

For the purposes of Questions 1, 2a, and 2b, 

energy sources and their approximate Btu 

conversion factors include:

Acetylene

Breeze

Butane

Butylene

Coal Coke

Distillate fuel oil

Ethane

Ethylene

Isobutane

Petroleum coke

Propane

Propylene

Residual fuel oil

21,500 Btu/lb

19.8 million Btu/short ton

21.308 Btu/lb

20,787 Btu/lb

24.8 million Btu/short ton

5.825 million Btu/barrel

22,320 Btu/lb

21,644 Btu/lb

21,257 Btu/lb

6.024 million Btu/barrel

21,661 Btu/lb

21,041 Btu/lb

6.287 million Btu/barrel

NOTE — If your establishment uses more precise 

conversion values for your operations, use them 

in place of the approximations given above.

COHTIHUf OH FAUI4

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 191
1988 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

____Form EIA-846C (Continued)

Question 1 — Enter the total Btu content of all 

energy source products shipped offsite during 1988.

If the answer to question 1 is zero, omit question

2. parts a and b, and proceed directly to question

3. If question 1 has a non-zero response, include 

in the response to question 2 only those energy 

source products that were reported in question 1.

Question 2* — Enter the total Btu value of all energy 

source inventories as of December 31,1987.

Question 2b — Enter the total Btu value of all energy 

source inventories as of December 31,1988.

Quwtton 3 — Enter the total design storage capacity 

located onsite as of December 31,1988, for residual 

fuel oil, distillate fuel oil, and LPG. Report the shell 

capacity (that is, the design capacity of the storage 

tanks) in the units of measure specified. 

Include:

• onsite capacity of all storage facilities 

regardless of the intended disposition of the 

energy source (include both product storage 

tanks and tanks dedicated for onsite use).

• onsite capacity dedicated or leased for 

storage of energy sources owned by other 

establishments.

Section III - FUEL SWITCHING

This portion of the survey is intended to measure the 

short-term capability of your establishment to have 

used substitute energy sources in place of those 

actually consumed in 1988. Capability to use 

substitute energy sources means that this 

establishment's combustors (for example, boilers, 

furnaces, ovens, blast furnaces) had the machinery 

or equipment either in place or available for 

installation in 1988 so that substitutions could 

actually have been introduced within 30 days 

without extensive modifications.

NOTE — Fuel-switching capability as measured by 

this survey does not depend on the relative prices of 

energy sources; it depends only on the 

characteristics of your equipment and certain legal 

constraints. Fuel-switching capability sets limits on 

the extent to which you could switch to a substitute 

energy source if you wanted to or needed to. It has 

nothing to do with whether you would want to 

switch if you could. Therefore, relative prices of 

energy sources are not related to fuel-switching 

CAPABILITY and should be ignored when 

completing this section.

We recognize that records of fuel-switching 

capability are not regularly maintained. Accordingly, 

reasonable approximations of fuel-switching 

capability are acceptable. These approximations 

should be based on the judgment of a person 

knowledgeable about the fuel-switching capability 

and operations of your establishment. They are not 

expected to be formal engineering estimates based 

on a day-by-day analysis of the operating levels of 

individual combustors and interactions between 

them. Respond as realistically as possible, given 

your actual operations in 1988.

Base your estimates on the availability of substitute 

energy sources and the physical condition of your 

equipment during 1988. Include switching 

capability that could have resulted from the use of 

redundant and/or standby combustors, and from 

combustors that were already equipped to fire 

alternative fuels. Lines 1 through 3 of this portion of 

the form measure your establishment's overall 

capability to have switched from specific energy 

sources in 1988. Lines 4a through 10b describe 

your capability to replace a given energy source by 

specific alternative energy sources.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS

Une> 1 - Quantity Consumed — Enter the total 

electricity receipts figure from column 2, line 4 of 

Section I, and the fuel consumption figures from 

Section II for total coal and coke, natural gas, 

distillate fuel oil, LPG, and residual fuel oil. The 

quantities to be copied are noted in the 

appropriate boxes of sections I and II.

EIA-MtC-1 IB-12-M)

Page 4

Line 2 - Quantity Nonswrtchabie - Enter the 

amount of the quantity reported on Line 1 that 

could NOT have been replaced within 30 days by 

any other energy source in 1988, even given a 

severe curtailment. NOTE — Include only that 

portion of total electricity receipts (purchases plus 

transfers in) that could NOT have b§en replaced 

by either onsite-generated electricity or energy 

source(s) which accomplish the same purposes as 

the offsite-produced electricity (e.g. supplying 

heat or power). Portions of individual fuels may be 

non-switchable due to limitations such as:

• the characteristics of your physical plant (for 

example, single-fired combustors or the 

absence of redundant and/or standby 

combustors), or the requirements of your 

manufacturing process.

• binding take or pay contracts with energy 

suppliers that were in place.

• environmental regulations which limit the 

amounts of potential replacement fuels that 

could be burned.

DO NOT consider current relative prices of 

fuels as a limitation to switching capability.

Una 3 - Quantity Swltchabta — Subtract line 2 

from line 1 and enter the results. These values 

represent the quantity of each energy source 

consumed that COULD HAVE BEEN replaced 

within 30 days by at least one other energy source 

in 1988. NOTE — If all entries on line 3 are zero, 

complete the Remarks and Certification sections of 

the survey and return it to the Census Bureau. For 

each entry on line 3 that is nonzero, complete the 

remainder of that column. Complete one column 

before starting another.

Unas 4 through 10, Part a - Replacement 

Quantities — Report the maximum amount of the 

quantity shown on Line 3 that could have been 

replaced within 30 days by each of the energy 

sources on lines 4 through 10, under the 

constraints listed in the instructions for line 2. 

Report all amounts in the units of the energy source 

that is being replaced. DO NOT convert this 

amount to units of the replacement energy 

sources. NOTE — Be sure to take into account not 

only the fuels that could be directly substituted for 

offsite-produced electricity, but also the fuels 

needed to generate electricity onsite that could 

have been used in place of electricity receipts.

NOTE — The sum of lines 4a through 10a for each 

column must be at least as large as the entry on line 

3 of that column, and may be larger if more than 

one alternative fuel could have been used.

Unas 4through 10, Partb - Lead Time - Mark 

the minimum lead time required to switch to each 

replacement energy source identified.

Section IV - REMARKS

Please provide any explanations that may be 

helpful to us in understanding your reported data. 

Attach a separate sheet if necessary. Be sure to 

include the name, address, and telephone number 

of nonutility power generating establishments of 

your company that supplied electricity to your 

establishment if you did not have enough room in 

section I to identify them.

Section V - CERTIFICATION

Period Covered By Thta Report — Enter the month, 

day, and year of the beginning and the end of the 

period covered by your report. If a calendar year 

report: "From January 1 to December 31,1988,"; if 

a fiscal year, specify which (such as "From 

December 1, 1987 to November 3O. 1988"). If a 

part-year report ia submitted because.the 

establishment was not in operation or under your 

company's control for the entire year, specify the 

actual period covered: for example "January 2, 1988 

to August 15, 1988," or "June 1, 1988 to 

December 31, 1988."

192 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Appendix D

Descriptions of 

Industry Groups 

and Selected 

Industries
Appendix D

Descriptions of Major Industrial Groups and 

Selected Industries

This appendix contains descriptions of industrial groups and selected industries taken from the Standard 

Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 (SIC).33 This appendix includes descriptions of the 30 groups that 

comprise the strata of the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey. These are the 20 major industrial 

groups (2-digit SIC) and the 10 major energy-consuming industries (4-digit SIC). The Standard Industrial 

Classification system is described in Appendix A.

SIC 20 Food and Kindred Products: This major group includes establishments manufacturing foods and 

beverages for human consumption and certain related products such as manufactured ice, chewing gum, 

vegetable and animal fats and oils, and prepared feeds for animals and fowls.

SIC 21 Tobacco Products: This major group includes establishments engaged in manufacturing cigarettes, 

cigars, smoking and chewing tobacco, snuff, and reconstituted tobacco and in stemming and redrying tobacco.

SIC 22 Textile Mill Products: This major group includes establishments engaged in performing any of the 

following operations: (1) preparation of fiber and subsequent manufacturing of yarn, thread, braids, twine, 

and cordage; (2) manufacturing broadwoven fabrics, narrow woven fabrics, knit fabrics, and carpets and rugs 

from yarn; (3) dyeing and finishing fiber, yarn, fabrics, and knit apparel; (4) coating, waterproofing, or 

otherwise treating fabrics; (5) the integrated manufacture of knit apparel and other finished articles from yarn; 

and (6) the manufacture of felt goods, lace goods, nonwoven fabrics, and miscellaneous textiles.

SIC 23 Apparel and Other Textile Products: This major group, known as the cutting-up and needle trades, 

includes establishments producing clothing and fabricating products by cutting and sewing purchased woven 

or knit textile fabrics and related materials, such as leather, rubberized fabrics, plastics, and furs.

SIC 24 Lumber and Wood Products: This major group includes establishments engaged in cutting timber 

and pulpwood; merchant sawmills, lath mills, shingle mills, cooperage stock mills, planing mills, and plywood 

and veneer mills engaged in producing lumber and wood basic materials; and establishments engaged in 

manufacturing finished articles made entirely or mainly of wood or related materials.

SIC 25 Furniture and Fixtures: This major group includes establishments engaged in manufacturing 

household, office, public building, and restaurant furniture; and office and store fixtures.

SIC 26 Paper and Allied Products: This major group includes establishments primarily engaged in the 

manufacture of pulps from wood and other cellulose fibers, and from rags; the manufacture of paper and paper 

board; and the manufacture of paper and paperboard into converted products, such as paper coated off the 

paper machine, paper bags, paper boxes, and envelopes.

SIC 2621 Paper Mills: Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing paper from wood pulp and 

other fiber pulp, and which may also manufacture converted paper products.

SIC 2631 Paperboard Mills: Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing paperboard, including 

paperboard coated on the paperboard machine, from wood pulp and other fiber pulp.

33Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987, pp. 67-263. 

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 195
SIC 27—Printing and Publishing: This major group includes establishments engaged in printing by one or 

more common processes, such as letterpress, lithography (including offset), gravure, or screen; and those 

establishments which perform services for the printing trade, such as bookbinding and platemaking.

SIC 28—Chemicals and Allied Products: This major group includes establishments producing basic chemicals, 

and establishments manufacturing products by predominantly chemical processes. Establishments classified 

in this major group manufacture three general classes of products: (1) basic chemicals, such as acids, alkalies, 

salts, and organic chemicals; (2) chemical products to be used in further manufacture, such as synthetic fibers, 

plastics materials, dry colors, and pigments; and (3) finished chemical products to be used for ultimate 

consumption, such as drugs, cosmetics, and soaps; or to be used as materials or supplies in other industries, 

such as paints, fertilizers, and explosives.

SIC 2819—Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, Not Elsewhere Classified: Establishments primarily engaged in 

manufacturing industrial organic chemicals, excluding alkalies and chlorine, industrial gases, and inorganic 

pigments.

SIC 2821—Plastics Materials and Resins: Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing synthetic 

resins, plastics materials, and nonvulcanizable elastomers.

SIC 2869—Industrial Organic Chemicals, Not Elsewhere Classified: Establishments primarily engaged in 

manufacturing industrial organic chemicals, excluding gum and wood chemicals, and cyclic organic crudes 

and intermediates, and organic dyes and pigments.

SIC 2873—Nitrogenous Fertilizers: Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nitrogenous fertilizer 

materials or mixed fertilizers from nitrogenous materials produced in the same establishment.

SIC 29—Petroleum Refining and Related Industries: This major group includes establishments primarily 

engaged in petroleum refining, manufacturing paving and roofing materials, and compounding lubricating oils 

and greases from purchased materials.

SIC 2911—Petroleum Refining: Establishments primarily engaged in producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate 

fuel oils, residual fuel oils, and lubricants, through fractionation or straight distillation of crude oil, 

redistillation of unfinished petroleum derivatives, cracking or other processes.

SIC 30—Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics Products: This major group includes establishments 

manufacturing products, not elsewhere classified, from plastics, resins, and from natural, synthetic, or reclaimed 

rubber, gutta percha, balata, or gutta siak.

SIC 31—Leather and Leather Products: This major group includes establishments engaged in tanning, 

currying, and finishing hides and skins, leather converters, and establishments manufacturing finished leather 

and artificial leather products and some similar products made of other materials.

SIC 32—Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete Products: This major group includes establishments manufacturing 

flat glass and other glass products, cement, structural clay products, pottery, concrete and gypsum products, 

cut stone, abrasive and asbestos products, and other products from materials taken principally from the earth 

in the form of stone, clay, and sand.

SIC 3241—Cement, Hydraulic: Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing hydraulic cement, 

including portland, natural, masonry, and pozzolana cements.

SIC 33—Primary Metal Industries: This major group includes establishments engaged in smelting and refining 

ferrous and nonferrous metals from ore, pig, or scrap; in rolling, drawing, and alloying metals; in 

manufacturing castings and other basic metal products; and in manufacturing nails, spikes, and insulated wire 

and cable.

196 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
SIC 3312 Steel Works, Blast Furnaces (Including Coke Ovens), and Rolling Mills: Establishments 

primarily engaged in manufacturing hot metal, pig iron, and silvery pig iron from iron ore and iron and steel 

scrap; converting pig iron, scrap iron, and scrap steel into steel; and in hot-rolling iron and steel into basic 

shapes, such as plates, sheets, strips, rods, bars, and tubing.

SIC 3334 Primary Production of Aluminum: Establishments primarily engaged in producing aluminum 

from alumina and in refining aluminum by any process.

SIC 34 Fabricated Metal Products: This major group includes establishments engaged in fabricating ferrous 

and nonferrous metal products such as metal cans, tinware, handtools, cutlery, general hardware, nonelectric 

heating apparatus, fabricated structural metal products, metal forgings, metal stampings, ordnance (except 

vehicles and guided missiles), and a variety of metal and wire products, not elsewhere classified.

SIC 35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment: This major group includes establishments engaged in 

manufacturing industrial and commercial machinery and equipment and computers.

SIC 36 Electronic and Other Electric Equipment: This major group includes establishments engaged in 

manufacturing machinery, apparatus, and supplies for the generation, storage, transmission, transformation, 

and utilization of electrical energy.

SIC 37 Transportation Equipment: This major group includes establishments engaged in manufacturing 

equipment for transportation of passengers and cargo by land, air, and water.

SIC 3& Instruments and Related Products: This major group includes establishments engaged in 

manufacturing instruments (including professional and scientific) for measuring, testing, analyzing, and 

controlling, and their associated sensors and accessories; optical instruments and lenses; surveying and drafting 

instruments; hydrological, hydrographic, meteorological, and geophysical equipment; search, detection, 

navigation, and guidance systems and equipment; surgical, medical, and dental instruments, equipment and 

supplies; ophthalmic goods; photographic equipment and supplies; and watches and clocks.

SIC 39^vliscellaneous Manufacturing Industries: This major group includes establishments primarily engaged 

in manufacturing products not classified in any other major group.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 197
Appendix E

Map of U.S. 

Census Regions
Appendix E

Map of U.S. Census Regions

WEST MIDWEST NORTHEAST

- New-Hampshire

isachusetts

ihode island 

Connecticut

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census SOUTH

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 201
Appendix F

Related EIA 

Publications on 

Energy 

Consumption
Appendix F

Related EIA Publications on Energy Consumption

These publications are available from the National 

Energy Information Center or the Superintendent 

of Documents. See the inside cover of this report 

on how to obtain copies of these publications. 

Please note that the prices quoted are subject to 

change.

In addition to the reports listed below, public use 

data tapes for the residential, residential transpor 

tation and commercial sectors are available from 

the National Technical Information Service 

(NTIS). To obtain information on how to order 

tapes, you may call NTIS at 703/487-4807, FAX 

number 703/321-8547.

Industrial Sector

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Energy 

Efficiency in Manufacturing, 1985; January 1990, 

DOE/EIA-0516(85), GPO Stock No. 061- 

00300650-7, $4.25.

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Fuel 

Switching Capability, 1985; December 1988, 

DOE/EIA-0515(85), GPO Stock No. 061-003- 

00601-9, $3.50.

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Method 

ological Report, 1985; November 1988, DOE/EIA0514(85), GPO Stock No. 061-00300595-1, $6.00.

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Con 

sumption of Energy, 1985; November 1988, 

DOE/EIA-0512(85), GPO Stock No. 061-003- 

00594-2, $6.00.

"Manufacturing Sector Energy Consumption 1985 

Provisional Estimates," Monthly Energy Review, 

January 1987, DOE/EIA-0035(87/01), pp. vii-x.

Report on the 1980 Manufacturing Industries' Energy 

Consumption Study and Survey of Large 

Combustors; February 1983, DOE/EIA-0358, GPO 

Stock No. 061-003-00293-5, $5.00.

Industrial Energy Consumption, "Survey of Large 

Combustors: Report on Alternate Fuel-Burning 

Capabilities of Large Boilers in 1979"; February 

1982, DOE/EIA-0304, GPO Stock No. 061-003- 

0233-1, $2.50.

Methodological Report of the 1980 Manufacturing 

Industries Survey of Large Combustors (EIA-463); 

March 1982, DOE/EIA-0306 (no GPO Stock No.).

Commercial Sector

Note: The name of the Nonresidential Buildings 

Energy Consumption Survey was changed to the 

Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey, beginning with the 1989 survey. The 

survey name was also dropped from the report 

title.

Characteristics of Buildings

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey: Characteristics of Commercial Buildings, 

1986; September 1988, DOE/EIA-0246(86), GPO 

Stock No. 061-003-00580-2, $16.00.

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey: Characteristics of Commercial Buildings, 

1983; July 1985, DOE/EIA-0246(83), GPO Stock 

No. 061-003-00439-3, $7.50.

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey: Characteristics of Commercial Buildings, 

1983; ASupplemental Reference, DOE/EIA-M008, 

$22.95. Available from the NTIS, Order No. 

DE-85015581.

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey: Fuel Characteristics and Conservation 

Practices; June 1981, DOE/EIA-0278, GPO Stock 

No. 061-00300200-5, $9.00.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 205
Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey: Building Characteristics; March 1981, 

DOE/EIA-0246, GPO Stock No. 061-003-00171-8, 

$6.50.

Consumption and Expenditures

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey: Commercial Buildings Consumption and 

Expenditures 1986; May 1989, DOE/EIA-0318(86), 

GPO Stock No. 061-003-00613-2, $19.00.

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey: Commercial Buildings, Consumption and 

Expenditures 1983; September 1986, DOE/EIA0318(83), GPO Stock No. 061-003-00496-2, $13.00.

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey: 1979 Consumption and Expenditures, Part 1: 

Natural Gas and Electricity; March 1983, 

DOE/EIA-0318/1, GPO Stock No. 

061-003-00298-6, $9.50.

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption Sur 

vey: 1979 Consumption and Expenditures, Part 2: 

Steam, Coal, Fuel Oil, LPG, and Total Fuels; 

December 1983, DOE/EIA-0318(79)/2, GPO Stock 

No. 061003-00366-4, $6.00.

Residential Transportation 

Sector

Note: The survey name was dropped from the 

beginning of the report title starting with the 1988 

data report, and the report title changed to 

"Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988."

Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988; 

February 1990, DOE/EIA-0464(88), GPO Stock 

No. 061-003-00652-3, $11.00.

Residential Transportation Energy Consumption 

Survey: Consumption Patterns of Household Vehicles 

1985; April 1987, DOE/EIA-0464(85), GPO Stock 

No. 061-003-00521-7, $8.50.

Residential Transportation Energy Consumption 

Survey: Consumption Patterns of Household Vehic 

les, 1983; January 1985, DOE/EIA-0464(83), GPO 

Stock No. 061-003-00420-2, $4.50.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consump 

tion Patterns of Household Vehicles, Supplement: 

January 1981 to September 1981; February 1983,

DOE/EIA-0328, GPO Stock No. 061-003-00297-8,

$4.75.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consump 

tion Patterns of Household Vehicles, June 1979 to 

December 1980; April 1982, DOE/EIA-0319 (no 

GPO Stock No.).

Residential Sector 

Housing Characteristics

Note: The survey name was dropped from the 

beginning of the report title starting with the 1987 

data reports.

Housing Characteristics 1987; May 1989, DOE/EIA0314(87), GPO Stock No. 061-003-00619-1, $13.00.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing 

Characteristics 1984; October 1986, DOE/EIA0314(84), GPO Stock No. 061-003-00499-7, $12.00.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing 

Characteristics, 1982; August 1984, DOE/EIA0314(82), GPO Stock No. 061-003-00393-1, $7.00.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey Housing 

Characteristics, 1981; August 1983, DOE/EIA0314(81), GPO Stock No. 061-003-00330-3, $6.50.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing 

Characteristics, 1980; June 1982, DOE/EIA-0314, 

GPO Stock No. 061-003-00256-1, $11.00.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Characteris 

tics of the Housing Stock and Households, 1978; 

February 1980, DOE/EIA-0207/2, GPO Stock No. 

061-003-00093-2, $4.25.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Conserva 

tion; February 1980, DOE/EIA-0207/3, GPO Stock 

No. 061003-00087-8, $6.00.

Preliminary Conservation Tables from the National 

Interim Energy Consumption Survey; August 1979, 

DOE/EIA-0193/P (no GPO Stock No.).

Characteristics of the Housing Stock and House 

holds: Preliminary Findings from the National 

Interim Energy Consumption Survey; October 1979, 

DOE/EIA-0199/P (no GPO Stock No. available).

206 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
Consumption and Expenditures

Note: The survey name was dropped from the 

beginning of the report title starting with the 1987 

data reports. The titles were changed to 

Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 

1987, Part 1 and Part 2.

Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 

1987, Part 1: National Data; October 1989, 

DOE/EIA-0321/1(87), GPO Stock No. 061-003- 

00635-3, $15.00. Note: Energy end-use data are 

included in this report.

Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 

1987, Part 2: Regional Data; DOE/EIA-0321/2(87) 

(no GPO Stock No available), $16.00.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consump 

tion and Expenditures, April 1984 Through March 

1985, Part 1: National Data; March 1987, 

DOE/EIA-0321/1(84), GPO Stock No. 061-003- 

00519-5, $9.50.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consump 

tion and Expenditures, April 1984 Through March 

1985, Part 2: Regional Data; May 1987, DOE/EIA0321/2(84), GPO Stock No. 061-003-00528-4 

$17.00. Note: Energy end-use data are included in 

this report.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consump 

tion and Expenditures, April 1982 Through March 

1983, Part 1: National Data; November 1984, 

DOE/EIA-0321/1(82), GPO Stock No. 061-003- 

00411-3, $7.00.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consump 

tion and Expenditures, April 1982 Through March 

1983, Part 2: Regional Data; December 1984, 

DOE/EIA-0321/2(82), GPO Stock No. 061-003- 

00414-8, $9.50.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consump 

tion and Expenditures, April 1981 Through March 

1982, Part 1: National Data; September 1983, 

DOE/EIA-0321/1(81), GPO Stock No. 061-003- 

00340-1, $6.00.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consump 

tion and Expenditures, April 1981 Through March 

1982, Part 2: Regional Data; October 1983, 

DOE/EIA-0321/2(81), GPO Stock No. 061-003- 

00357-5, $8.00.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consump 

tion and Expenditures, April 1980 Through March 

1981, Part 1: National Data; September 1982, 

DOE/EIA-0321/1(80), GPO Stock No. 061-003- 

00278-1, $7.50.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consump 

tion and Expenditures, April 1980 Through March 

1981, Part 2: Regional Data; June 1983, 

DOE/EIA-0321/2(80), GPO Stock No. 061-003- 

00319-2, $7.00.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: 1979-1980 

Consumption and Expenditures, Part 1: National 

Data (Including Conservation); April 1981, 

DOE/EIA-0262/1, GPO Stock No. 061-00300191-2, 

$6.50.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: 1979-1980 

Consumption and Expenditures, Part II: Regional 

Data; May 1981, DOE/EIA-0262/2, GPO Stock No. 

061-003-00189-1, $8.50.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consump 

tion and Expenditures, April 1978 Through 

March 1979; July 1980, DOE/EIA-0207/5, GPO 

Stock No. 061-003-00131-9, $7.50.

Single-Family Households: Fuel Oil Inventories and 

Expenditures: National Interim Energy Consumption 

Survey; December 1979, DOE/EIA-0207/1, GPO 

Stock No. 061-003-00075-4, $3.50.

Other Publications on the Residential Sector

"End-Use Consumption of Residential Energy" 

(Article), pp. vii-xiv, Monthly Energy Review, July 

1987, DOE/EIA-0035(87/07).

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Trends in 

Consumption and Expenditures 1978-1984 June 

1987, DOE/EIA-0482, GPO Stock No. 

061-003-00535-7, $12.00.

Residential Conservation Measures; July 1986, 

SR/EEUD/86/01 (no GPO Stock No.).

An Economic Evaluation of Energy Conservation 

and Renewable Energy Tax Credits; October 1985, 

Service Report (no GPO Stock No.).

Residential Energy Consumption and Expenditures by 

End Use for 1978,1980, and 1981; December 1984, 

DOE/EIA-0458, GPO Stock No. 061-003-00415-6, 

$4.50.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 207
Weatherization Program Evaluation, SR-EEUD84-1; August 1984 (available from the Office of the 

Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renew 

able Energy, Department of Energy).

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Regression 

Analysis of Energy Consumption by End Use; 

October 1983, DOE/EIA-0431, GPO Stock No. 

061-00300347-8, $5.00.

National Interim Energy Consumption Survey: Ex 

ploring the Variability In Energy Consumption; July 

1981, DOE/EIA-0272, GPO Stock No. 

061-003-00205-6, $5.00.

National Interim Energy Consumption Survey: Ex 

ploring the Variability in Energy Consumption--A 

Supplement; October 1981, DOE/EIA-0272/S, GPO 

Stock No. 061-003-00217-0, $4.50.

Energy Use by U.S. Households; November 1980, 

DOE/EIA-0248 (brochure, no GPO Stock No.).

Cross-Sector

Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector: A 

Comparison of Measures by Consumption and 

Supply Surveys; April 6, 1990, DOE/EIA-0533 (no 

GPO Stock No. available), $2.50.

Natural Gas: Use and Expenditures; April 1983, 

DOE/EIA-0382, GPO Stock No. 061-003-00307-9, 

$5.50.

Public Use Tapes

Note: All tapes are available through the NTIS.

Residential and Residential 

Transportation Sectors

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: 1987 and 

Residential Transportation Energy Consumption 

Survey, 1988, Order No. PB90-501461, $220.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: 1984 and 

Residential Transportation Energy Consumption 

Survey, 1985; Order No. PB87-186540, $220.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: 1982 and 

Residential Transportation Energy Consumption 

Survey, 1983; Order No. PB85-221760, $220.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consump 

tion and Expenditures, 1980-1981; Monthly Billing 

Data; Order No. PB84-166230, $220.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing 

Characteristics, 1981; Consumption and Expendi 

tures, 1981-1982; Monthly Billing Data; Order No. 

PB84-120476, $220.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing 

Characteristics, Annualized Consumption and 

Expenditures, 1980-1981; Order No. PB83-199554, 

$220.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Household 

Transportation Panel Monthly Gas Purchases and 

Vehicle and Household Characteristics, 6/79-9/81; 

Order No. PB84-162452, $220.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Household 

Screener Survey, 1979-1980; Order No. 

PB82-114877, $220.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Household 

Monthly Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 

1978-1979; Order No. PB82-114901, $220.

National Interim Energy Consumption Survey (Resi 

dential), 1978; Order No. PB81-108714, $220.

Commercial Sector

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption Sur 

vey: 1986 Data; Order No. PB90-500034,$220.

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey: 1979 and 1983 Data; Order No. 

PB88-245162, $220.

Public Use Diskettes

Note: All diskettes are available through the

NTIS.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey 1987 Data, 

ASCII format: Order No. PB-91-505115, $130, and 

dBASE format: Order No. PB-91-505107, $130.

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption Survey 

1986 Data, ASCII format: Order No. PB91-506808, 

$130.

208 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 198*
Residential Transportation Energy Consumption 

Survey 1988 Data (Ordering information not 

available, order from NTIS by title.)

Planned Publications

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Fuel 

Switching Capability 1988; planned for September 

1991.

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: 

Changes in Energy Efficiency Through 1988; planned 

for January 1992.

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: 

Changes in Energy Consumption 1985 - 1988; 

planned for early 1992.

Commercial Buildings Consumption and Expendi 

tures 1989; planned for early 1992.

Housing Characteristics 1990; planned for March 

1992.

Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 

1990, Parti: National Data; planned for September 

1992.

Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 

1990, Part 2: Regional Data; planned for December 

1992.

Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1991; 

planned for December 1992.

Note: the Energy Information Administration also 

publishes the State Energy Data Report 

Consumption Estimates annually, DOE/EIA-0214.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 209
Glossary

Anthracite: A hard, black, lustrous coal containing 

a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low per 

centage of volatile matter. It is often referred to 

as hard coal.

Barrel: A volumetric unit of measure equivalent 

to 42 U.S. gallons.

Biomass: Organic (animal waste), nonfossil plant 

material constituting an exploitable energy source.

Bituminous Coal: A soft coal (the most common 

solid fossil fuel), which is high in carbonaceous 

matter, with a volatility greater than anthracite.

Blast Furnace: A shaft furnace in which solid fuel 

is burned with an air blast to smelt ore in a contin 

uous operation.

Blast Furnace Gas: The waste combustible gas 

generated in a blast furnace when iron ore is being 

reduced with coke to metallic iron. It is commonly 

used as a fuel within the steel works.

Breeze: The residue from the fine screenings of 

crushed coke.

British Thermal Unit (Btu): The amount of 

energy required to raise the temperature of one 

pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.

Butane (C^H10): A normally gaseous, paraffinic 

hydrocarbon extracted from natural gas or refinery 

gas streams. It includes isobutane (a branch-chain 

configuration) and isobutane (a straight-chain 

configuration). It is used primarily for blending 

into high-octane gasoline, for residential and 

commercial heating, and for industrial uses, espe 

cially the manufacture of chemicals and rubber.

Butylene (C^g): A normally gaseous, olefinic 

hydrocarbon recovered from the refinery processes, 

and converted to alkylate, a high-octane gasoline 

blending component.

Byproduct: A secondary or additional product 

resulting from the feedstock use of energy or the 

processing of nonenergy materials. For example, 

the more common byproducts of coke ovens are

coal gas, tar, and a mixture of benzene, toluene, 

and xylenes (BTX).

Census Region: A geographic area defined by the 

Bureau of the Census, consisting of various States 

selected according to population size and physical 

location. The States are grouped into four regions:

1. Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, 

New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, 

Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont.

2. South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District 

of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, 

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Caro 

lina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, 

Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia.

3. Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, 

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, 

North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

Wisconsin.

4. West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, 

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, 

Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

Coal Coke: The strong, porous residue, consisting 

of carbon and mineral ash, which is formed when 

the volatile constituents of bituminous coal are 

driven off by heat in the absence of or with a 

limited supply of air. Coal coke is used primarily 

in blast furnaces.

Cogeneration: The production of electrical energy 

and another form of useful energy (such as heat or 

steam) through the sequential use of energy.

Coke Oven Gas: The mixture of permanent gases 

produced by the carbonization of coal in a coke 

oven at temperatures in excess of 1,000 degrees 

Celsius.

Consumption: The use of energy as a source of 

heat or power, or as an input to the manufacturing 

process.

Conversion Factor: A number which translates 

units of one system into corresponding values of

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 211
another system. Conversion factors are used to 

translate physical units of measure for various 

energy sources into their Btu equivalents.

Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists 

in a liquid state in natural underground reservoirs 

and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after 

passing through surface separating facilities. Crude 

oil is reported as liquid equivalents at the surface 

(excluding basic sediment and water), measured in 

terms of stock tank barrels of 42 U.S. gallons at 

atmospheric pressure, and corrected to 60 degrees 

Fahrenheit.

Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for 

light fuel oils distilled during the refining process. 

The classification includes products known as Nos. 

1, 2, and 4 fuel oils; and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel 

fuels. Distillate fuel oil is used primarily for space 

heating, on-and-off highway engine fuel, and 

electric power generation.

Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured 

in the capability of doing work (potential energy) 

or the conversion of this capability to motion 

(kinetic energy).

Energy Source: A substance such as natural gas, 

coal, or electricity that supplies heat or power.

Establishment: As defined by the 1987 Standard 

Industrial Classification Manual, "...an economic 

unit, generally at a single physical location, where 

business is conducted or where services or industri 

al operations are performed." (See Manufacturing 

Establishment.)

Ethane (CjH^: A colorless, odorless, gaseous 

hydrocarbon extracted from natural gas or refinery 

gas streams. Ethane is used primarily as a petro 

chemical feedstock for the production of chemicals 

and plastic materials.

Ethylene (CJ3.J: A colorless, flammable, gaseous 

olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from natural gas 

and petroleum. Ethylene is used primarily as a 

petrochemical feedstock for numerous chemical 

applications and the production of consumer 

goods.

Expenditures: Funds spent for energy purchased 

and paid for, or delivered to a manufacturer during 

a calendar year. For the purposes of the MECS, 

the expenditure dollar includes State and local 

taxes and delivery charges.

Fossil Fuel: Any naturally occurring organic fuel, 

such as coal crude oil, and natural gas.

Fuel: Any substance that can be burned to pro 

duce heat.

Fuel Use (of Energy): Use of energy in the pro 

duction of heat, steam, power, or the generation of 

electricity.

Generation: The process of producing steam or 

electrical energy by transforming other forms of 

energy.

Geothermal Energy: Hot water or steam, extracted 

from reservoirs in the earth's crust, which is gener 

ally supplied to steam turbines that drive genera 

tors to produce electricity.

Hydroelectric Power: Electricity generated by a 

turbine driven by falling water.

Hydrogen (Hj): A colorless, odorless, highly 

flammable gaseous element; the lightest of all 

gases and the most abundant element in the 

universe.

Industrial Sector: A subdivision of U.S. economic 

activity defined by the Energy Information Admin 

istration to include manufacturing, construction, 

mining, agriculture, fishing, and forestry establish 

ments.

Kilowatthour (kWh): A unit of work or energy, 

measured as 1,000 watts (1 kilowatt) of power 

expended for 1 hour. Once generated, one kWh is 

equivalent to 3,412 Btu.

Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): Ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, 

ethane-propanemixtures.propane-butanemixtures, 

and isobutane produced at refineries or natural gas 

processing plants, including plants that fractionate 

raw natural gas plant liquids.

Lease Condensate: A natural gas liquid recovered 

from gas well gas (associated and nonassociated) in 

lease separators or field facilities. Lease condensate consists primarily of pentanes and heavier 

hydrocarbons. Volumes are reported in terms of 

barrels of 42 U.S. gallons, at atmospheric pressure, 

and corrected to 60 degrees Fahrenheit.

Lease Separator: A facility located at the surface 

for the purposes of (1) separating casinghead gas 

from produced crude oil and water at the tempera212 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
ture and pressure conditions of the separator; and 

(2) separating gas from that portion of associated 

gas and nonassociated gas which liquefies at 

temperature and pressure conditions of the separa 

tor.

Lignite: A brownish-black coal of low rand with a 

high percentage of inherent moisture and volatile 

matter content. It is also referred to as brown 

coal.

Manufacturing Division: One of 10 fields of 

economic activity defined by the Standard Industrial 

Classification Manual. The manufacturing division 

includes all establishments engaged in the mechan 

ical or chemical transformation of materials or 

substances into new products. Other divisions of 

the U.S. economy are agriculture, forestry, fishing, 

hunting, and trapping; mining; construction; 

transportation, communications, electric, gas, and 

sanitary services; wholesale trade; retail trade; 

finance, insurance, and real estate; personal, 

business, professional, repair, recreation, and other 

services; and public administration. The establish 

ments in the manufacturing division constitute the 

universe for the MECS.

Manufacturing Establishment: An economic unit 

at a single physical location where mechanical or 

chemical transformation of materials or substances 

into new products are performed. These opera 

tions are generally conducted in facilities described 

as plants, factories, or mills, and characteristically 

use power-driven machines and materials-handling 

equipment. In addition, the assembly of compo 

nents of manufactured products is considered 

manufacturing, as in the blending of materials such 

as lubricating oils, plastics, resins, or liquors. (See 

Establishment.)

Motor Gasoline: A complex mixture of relatively 

volatile hydrocarbons, with or without small 

quantities of additives, obtained by blending appro 

priate refinery streams to form a fuel suitable for 

use in spark-ignition engines. Motor gasoline 

includes both leaded and unleaded grades of 

finished motor gasoline, blending components, and 

gasohol.

Natural Gas: A mixture of hydrocarbon com 

pounds and small quantities of various nonhydrocarbons existing in the gaseous phase or in solu 

tion with oil in natural underground reservoirs at 

reservoir conditions. Natural gas may be subclassified as:

1. Associated Gas: Free natural gas, commonly 

known as gas-cap gas, which overlies and is in 

contact with crude oil in the reservoir.

2. Dissolved Gas: Natural gas which is in solu 

tion with crude oil in the reservoir at reservoir 

conditions.

3. Nonassociated Gas: Free natural gas not in 

contact with crude oil in the reservoir.

All natural gas volumes are reported in cubic feet 

at a pressure base of 14.73 psia, at 60 degrees 

Fahrenheit.

Nonfuel Use (of Energy): Use of energy as a 

feedstock or raw material input.

Petroleum Coke: A solid residue, high in carbon 

content and low in hydrogen, which is the final 

product of thermal decomposition in the condensa 

tion process in cracking crude oil. Petroleum coke 

can yield almost pure carbon or artificial graphite 

suitable for the production of carbon or graphite 

electrodes, structural graphite, motor brushes, dry 

cells, and similar products.

Petrochemical Feedstock: Chemical feedstocks 

derived from petroleum, and used principally for 

the manufacture of chemicals, synthetic rubber, 

and a variety of plastics.

Plant: Commonly used as a synonym for an 

establishment. However, the term can also be used 

to refer to a particular process within an establish 

ment.

Propane (CjHj): A colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon 

extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams. 

It is used primarily for residential and commercial 

heating and cooling, and also as a fuel for trans 

portation. Industrial applications include use as a 

petrochemical feedstock.

Propylene (CjH^): A gaseous hydrocarbon recov 

ered from refinery processes. Propylene is used 

primarily as a petrochemical feedstock.

Pulping Liquor (Black Liquor): The alkaline spent 

liquor removed from the digesters in the process of 

chemically pulping wood. After evaporation, the 

liquor is burned as a fuel in a recovery furnace that 

permits the recovery of certain basic chemicals.

Quadrillion Btu: Equivalent to 1015 Btu.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988 213
Refinery: A^plant, device, or process which heats 

crude oil so that it separates into chemical compo 

nents, which are then distilled off as more usable 

substances.

Relative Standard Error (RSE): A percentage 

measure of the precision of a survey statistic. The 

RSE is defined as the standard error of a survey 

estimate divided by the survey estimate and multi 

plied by 100. The standard error is the square root 

of the variance.

Storage Capacity: For the purposes of the MECS, 

storage capacity includes any volumetric capacity 

(including tank tops and tank bottoms) that is on 

the establishment site even it is dedicated or leased 

for the storage of an energy source by other estab 

lishments.

Subbituminous Coal: A dull, black coal of inter 

mediate rank between lignite and bituminous coal. 

Subbituminous coal, like bituminous coal, is used 

as a fuel.

Residual Fuel Oil: The general classification for 

the heavier oils that remain after the distillate fuel 

oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled away in 

refinery operations. The classification includes No. 

5 (light and heavy), No. 6 (including heavy-grade, 

so called Bunker C oil), and Navy Special fuel oil.

Roundwood:

fuel.

Short Ton:

pounds.

Wood cut specifically for use as a

A unit of weight equal to 2,000

Solar Energy: The radiant energy of the sun, 

which can be converted into other forms of energy, 

such as heat or electricity.

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC): A 

classification scheme developed by the Office of 

Management and Budget, which categorizes estab 

lishments into groups with similar economic 

activities.

Still Gas (Refinery Gas): Any form or mixture of 

gas produced in refineries by distillation, cracking, 

reforming, and other processes, the principal 

constituents of which are methane, hydrogen, 

ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, butanes, 

butylene, etc. Still gas is used as a petrochemical 

feedstock and as a fuel in refineries.

Turbine: A machine for generating rotary mechan 

ical power from an energy stream (such as water, 

steam, or hot gas). Turbines convert kinetic 

energy to mechanical energy through the principles 

of impulse and reaction, or a mixture of the two.

Waste Materials: Otherwise discarded combustible 

materials which, when burned, produce energy for 

such purposes as space heating and electric power 

generation. The size of the waste may be reduced 

by shredders, grinders, or hammermills. Noncombustible materials, if any, may be removed. The 

waste may be dried and then burned, either alone 

or in combination with fossil fuels.

Waste Oils and Tar: Petroleum-based materials 

that are worthless for any purpose other than fuel 

use.

Wind Energy: Energy present in wind motion that 

can be converted to mechanical energy for driving 

pumps, mills, and electric power generators. Wind 

pushes against sails, vanes, or blades radiating from 

a central rotating shaft.

Wood Waste: Wood byproducts used as a fuel. 

Included are limb wood, wood chips, bark, sawdust, 

forest residues, charcoal, and pulp waste.

214 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy 1988
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