Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations 16669

1 61 FR 27178 et seq. (May 30, 1996).

2 61 FR 27224 (May 30, 1996).

ADDRESSES: Send comments in triplicate

to: Federal Aviation Administration,

Docket No. 97–ASO–6, Manager,

Operations Branch, ASO–530, P.O. Box

20636, Atlanta, Georgia 30320.

The official docket may be examined

in the Office of the Assistant Chief

Counsel for Southern Region, Room 550,

1701 Columbia Avenue, College Park,

Georgia 30337, telephone (404) 305–

5586.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Benny L. McGlamery, Operations

Branch, Air Traffic Division, Federal

Aviation Administration, P.O. Box

20636, Atlanta, Georgia 30320;

telephone (404) 305–5570.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Request for Comments on the Rule

Although this action is a final rule,

which involves modifying the Class E2

surface area airspace at the Brunswick

Malcolm-McKinnon Airport, GA, from

continuous to part time, comments are

invited on the rule. This rule will

become effective on the date specified

in the DATES section. However, after the

review of any comments and, if the FAA

finds that further changes are

appropriate, it will initiate rulemaking

proceedings to extend the effective date

or to amend the regulation.

Comments that provide the factual

basis supporting the views and

suggestions presented are particularly

helpful in evaluating the effects of the

rule and in determining whether

additional rulemaking is needed.

Comments are specifically invited on

the overall regulatory, aeronautical,

economic, environmental, and energyrelated aspects of the rule that might

suggest the need to modify the rule.

The Rule

This amendment to Part 71 of the

Federal Aviation Regulations (14 CFR

part 71) modifies Class E2 surface area

airspace at Brunswick MalcolmMcKinnon Airport, GA, from

continuous to part time.

This action lessens the impact on

users of this airspace. Class E2 airspace

designations are published in Paragraph

6002 of FAA Order 7400.9D dated

September 4, 1996, and effective

September 16, 1996. The Class E2

airspace designation listed in this

document will be published

subsequently in the Order.

Under the circumstances presented,

the FAA concludes that there is an

immediate need to modify the Class E2

airspace at the Brunswick MalcolmMcKinnon Airport, GA, from

continuous to part time, to ensure that

users of this airspace will be able to

comply with appropriate federal

regulations governing non-controlled

airspace. Therefore, I find that notice

and public procedure under 5 U.S.C.

553(b) are impracticable and contrary to

the public interest.

The FAA has determined that this

regulation only involves an established

body of technical regulations for which

frequent and routine amendments are

necessary to keep them operationally

current. It, therefore, (1) is not a

‘‘significant regulatory action’’ under

Executive Order 12866; (2) is not a

‘‘significant rule’’ under DOT

Regulatory Policies and Procedures (44

FR 11034; February 26, 1979); and (3)

does not warrant preparation of a

regulatory evaluation as the anticipated

impact is so minimal. Since this is a

routine matter that will only affect air

traffic procedures and air navigation, it

is certified that this rule will not have

a significant economic impact on a

substantial number of small entities

under the criteria of the Regulatory

Flexibility Act.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 71

Airspace, Incorporation by reference,

Navigation (air).

Adoption of the Amendment

In consideration of the foregoing, the

Federal Aviation Administration

amends 14 CFR Part 71 as follows:

PART 71—[AMENDED]

1. The authority citation for 14 CFR

Part 71 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g); 40103, 40113,

40120; EO 10854, 24 FR 9565, 3 CFR, 1959–

1963 Comp., p. 389; 14 CFR 11.69.

§ 71.1 [Amended]

2. The incorporation by reference in

14 CFR 71.1 of Federal Aviation

Administration Order 7400.9D, Airspace

Designations and Reporting Points,

dated September 4, 1996, and effective

September 16, 1996, is amended as

follows:

Paragraph 6002 Class E airspace areas

designated as a surface area for an airport.

* * * * *

ASO GA E2 Brunswick MalcolmMcKinnon Airport, GA [Revised]

Brunswick, Malcolm-McKinnon Airport, GA

(Lat. 31°09′08′′ N, long. 81°23′29′′ W)

McKinnon NDB

(Lat. 31°09′13′′ N, long. 81°23′22′′ W)

Glynco Jetport

(Lat. 31°15′33′′ N, long. 81°27′58′′ W)

Within a 4-mile radius of MalcolmMcKinnon Airport and within 3 miles each

side of the 221° and 032° bearings from the

McKinnon NDB and extending from the 4-

mile radius to 7 miles southwest and

northeast of the NDB. This Class E airspace

area is effective during the days and times

established in advance by a Notice to

Airmen. The effective days and times will

thereafter be continuously published in the

Airport/Facility Directory.

* * * * *

Issued in College Park, Georgia, on March

24, 1997.

Wade T. Carpenter,

Acting Manager, Air Traffic Division,

Southern Region.

[FR Doc. 97–8615 Filed 4–7–97; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4910–13–M

FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION

16 CFR Part 23

Guides for the Jewelry, Precious

Metals, and Pewter Industries

AGENCY: Federal Trade Commission.

ACTION: Final guides.

SUMMARY: The Federal Trade

Commission (the ‘‘Commission’’)

announces that it has concluded a

review of Section 23.7 of the Guides for

the Jewelry, Precious Metals, and

Pewter Industries (‘‘the Guides’’), 16

CFR Part 23. Section 23.7 of the Guides

addresses claims about platinum

products. In a separate Federal Register

Notice (‘‘FRN’’), dated May 30, 1996, the

Commission announced revisions to

other sections of the Guides.1 That FRN

did not change the section regarding

platinum products, but instead

requested additional comments on

possible revisions to that section.2 The

Commission has now revised the

section to simplify it and to bring its

guidance into closer accord with

international standards.

EFFECTIVE DATE: April 8, 1997.

ADDRESSES: Requests for copies of this

document should be sent to the Public

Reference Branch, Room 130, Federal

Trade Commission, Washington, DC

20580.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Constance M. Vecellio, Attorney, (202)

326–2966, or Robin P. Rosen, Attorney,

(202) 326–3740, Division of

Enforcement, Federal Trade

Commission, Washington, DC 20580.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Introduction

The Commission is revising section 7

of the Guides for the Jewelry, Precious

Metals, and Pewter Industries, 16 CFR

23.7, as described in detail below. The

Commission published an FRN
16670 Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations

3 57 FR 24996 (June 12, 1992). The JVC, located

at 401 East 34th Street, NY, NY 10016, is a trade

association that was formed in 1912 to promote

ethical practices in the jewelry industry.

4 57 FR 34532 (Aug. 5, 1992).

5 61 FR 27224 (May 30, 1996).

6The Platinum Guild International (‘‘PGI’’)

circulated a form letter to industry members

reflecting PGI’s views and recommendations

regarding the proposed revisions to the Guides. In

a cover letter PGI requested that industry members

in agreement with the PGI position use the form

letter to comment on the proposed Guide. 730 of

the comments received duplicated this form letter

in all substantive respects. The remaining 76

comments were from: retailers (48); appraisers (4);

manufacturer representatives (13); trade

associations (6) (Platinum Guild International (3

comments), National Association of Jewelry

Appraisers, International Colored Gemstone

Association, and Manufacturing Jewelry and

Silversmiths of America, Inc.); a dentist using

platinum in fillings (2 identical comments); and,

one comment each from the Canadian government;

a law firm representing a manufacturer; a

gemologist; and, a concerned citizen.

7The JVC proposed adding this sentence and the

Commission proposed its addition in the May 30,

1996 FRN. 61 FR 27224. No comments were

received regarding this proposal; however, the

Commission believes it will be helpful to clarify

these terms in the Guides.

8The first JVC proposal was to incorporate the

VPS, with some changes, into the Guides. The

Commercial Standards were promulgated by the

U.S. Department of Commerce and administered by

the National Bureau of Standards (‘‘NBS’’). Later

renamed by the NBS as Voluntary Product

Standards, they had the same legal significance as

FTC guides. The Department of Commerce and the

NBS, which is now called the National Institute of

Standards and Technology, withdrew these and all

other VPS, as an economy measure, on January 20,

1984.

9 VPS Section 3.5(1).

10 VPS Section 3.5(2).

11 VPS Section 3.5(3).

12 VPS Section 3.5(4).

13 61 FR 27224–27. The one proposed change to

the VPS was that Section 3.5(1) be modified to

provide that an article could be marked ‘‘platinum’’

without qualification if it contained 950 parts per

thousand pure platinum (as opposed to 935 parts

pure thousand pure platinum and 985 parts per

thousand PGM). 61 FR 27227 § 23.7(b)(2).

soliciting public comment on

amendments to the Guides on June 12,

1992, in response to a petition from the

Jewelers Vigilance Committee, Inc.

(‘‘JVC’’).3 The comment period, as

extended, ended on September 25,

1992.4 The JVC petition proposed some

changes to the platinum section of the

Guides. The comments also indicated a

need to simplify Commission guidance

regarding platinum and bring this

guidance into closer accord with

international standards. In addition, on

November 30, 1995, the JVC and the

Platinum Guild International submitted

a request for an advisory opinion

regarding platinum markings that

differed from the previous JVC proposal.

The Commission concluded that

additional comment would be helpful to

resolve certain issues and published an

FRN soliciting public comment on

amendments to section 7 of the Guides

on May 30, 1996.5 The comment period,

as extended, ended on September 30,

1996.

The May 30, 1996 FRN solicited

comment on several proposals to revise

section 7 of the Guides. The FRN

summarized the major amendments

proposed, as well as revisions that

Commission staff proposed. In addition

to requesting comment on the proposals

described, the FRN asked for comment

on nine specific questions.

The Commission received 806

comments.6 In the remainder of this

notice, the comments are cited to by an

abbreviation of the commenter’s name

and the document number assigned to

the comment on the public record. A list

of the commenters, including the

abbreviations and the document

numbers used to identify each

commenter, is attached as an Appendix.

Below, the Commission describes the

comments and discusses its revisions to

section 7 of the Guides.

II. Background

Section 7 of the current Guides states

that it is an unfair trade practice to use

the words ‘‘platinum,’’ ‘‘iridium,’’

‘‘palladium,’’ ‘‘ruthenium,’’ ‘‘rhodium,’’

or ‘‘osmium,’’ or any abbreviations

thereof, in a way likely to deceive

purchasers as to the true composition of

the product. The Commission has

retained this provision of section 7,

designated it as subsection (a), and

added a sentence stating that platinum,

iridium, palladium, ruthenium,

rhodium, and osmium are the platinum

group metals (‘‘PGM’’), because not

every reader of the Guides will be

familiar with the term ‘‘platinum group

metal.’’ 7

The current Guides state, in a Note,

that markings in compliance with

Commercial Standard CS 66–38 (now

Voluntary Product Standard (‘‘VPS’’)

69–76) on the ‘‘Marking of Articles

Made Wholly or in Part of Platinum’’

will be regarded ‘‘as among those

fulfilling the requirements relating

thereto which are contained in this

section.’’ 8 The VPS provide for four

different markings for articles

containing platinum. The markings

differ based on the relative parts per

thousand of pure platinum versus PGM.

(1) An article may be marked

‘‘platinum’’ without qualification if 985

parts per thousand are PGM and 935

parts per thousand are pure platinum.9

(2) An article consisting of between

750 and 950 parts per thousand pure

platinum and 950 parts per thousand

PGM may be marked ‘‘platinum’’

provided that the name of the next

predominant PGM precedes the word

platinum.10 (E.g., an article consisting of

900 parts per thousand pure platinum

and 100 parts per thousand iridium

would be marked ‘‘Irid.-Plat.’’)

(3) An article consisting of between

500 and 750 parts per thousand pure

platinum and 950 parts per thousand

PGM may be marked ‘‘platinum’’

provided that all PGM in the product

are marked and preceded by a number

indicating the amount of the metal in

parts per thousand.11 (E.g., an article

consisting of 600 parts per thousand

pure platinum and 350 parts per

thousand palladium would be marked

‘‘600Plat.-350Pall.’’)

(4) An article consisting of at least 950

parts per thousand PGM, of which less

than 500 parts per thousand are pure

platinum, may not be marked

‘‘platinum’’ but may be marked with the

full name of whichever PGM (other than

platinum) predominates in the article. 12

(E.g., an article consisting of 600 parts

per thousand palladium, 200 parts per

thousand platinum, and 150 parts per

thousand iridium would be marked

‘‘Palladium.’’)

The Commission proposed to include

the VPS, with one change, in section 7

as safe harbor provisions (i.e., examples

of markings and descriptions that are

not considered unfair or deceptive).13

After reviewing the comments and

international standards, the Commission

has revised the scheme set out in the

VPS in several additional respects.

Section 7 has been revised to include

subsection (b), which provides

examples of markings and descriptions

that may be misleading, and subsection

(c), which provides safe harbor

provisions. The safe harbor provisions

in subsection (c) of the revised Guide

permit the use of international

standards (as requested in the JVC/PGI

petition for an advisory opinion) and a

simplified version of the marking

scheme contained in the VPS. The

specific provisions of subsections (b)

and (c) are discussed in detail below.

III. Analysis of Comments

A. International Standards

In response to the 1992 FRN, industry

members indicated that the platinum

Guides were inconsistent with

international standards. The

Commission solicited additional

comments on this issue in the 1996

FRN, and virtually all of the comments

received advocated changing the

guidance regarding platinum markings

to be consistent with the international
Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations 16671

14Question 5 in the FRN asked: ‘‘Are there any

international standards for marking platinum

products? Should the Guides follow these

standards? If so, why?’’ 61 FR 27227.

15E.g., Taylor (002). Throughout the remainder of

this document, the ‘‘form letter comments’’ will be

described as such and cited as Taylor (002) as this

was the first form letter comment received. The PGI

also advocated these 4 markings in its own

comment. PGI (718).

16Taylor (002). Other comments also advocated

the use of these four markings: Hoover (479);

Worthington (503); Wolls (507); Jones (569);

Hartsfield (572); Urban (574); Buruss (614);

Montanari (642); Jain (683); Hurst (763); Mathews

(779); Good (792); Suna (801); Rudolf (806); Jolliff

(678) (representative of Nat’l Assoc. of Jewelry

Appraisers (670 members), supporting the use of

the 4 markings). The Manufacturing Jewelers and

Silversmiths of America (‘‘MJSA’’) sent a

questionnaire to its 300 members which contained

the nine questions from the FRN. The MJSA

comment reports the responses from this

questionnaire and indicates that, of the 17

responding, 6 supported the use of international

standards, 4 opposed it and 7 had no response.

MJSA (799), pp. 1 & 3. The comment did not specify

the international standard the respondents were

supporting.

17 Itelman (277) (supporting 4 markings but

advocating 800, 850, 900 and 950); Hansen (335)

(recommending Pt1000, Pt999, Pt950 and Pt900);

Austin (413); (recommending 6 markings, Pt999,

Pt950, Pt900, Pt850, Pt750 and Pt500); Root (414)

(same); Rivclan (496); (advocating simplified

stamping using Pt999, Pt950, Pt750, Pt585 and

Pt500); Delmarva (497) (same); Four-Star (656)

(same); Schoenke (300) (recommending two

hallmarks 950Pt and Pt90/Ir10); Schoenke (604)

(same); Graubart (322) (supporting one hallmark,

Pt900); Goph Albitz (385) (recommending two

markings, Pt999 and Pt950); Nengelken (590)

(advocating use of Pt999, Pt950 and Pt900 only);

Cockrell (606) (supporting the use of 4 markings

with the addition of Pt585); Jordan (631)

(recommending 3 markings, Pt999, Pt950, Pt900);

Eichberg (681) (advocating three markings, Pt999,

Pt950, Pt900); Ward (685) (recommending Pt1000,

Pt999, Pt950 and Pt900).

18Canada (802), p. 4 (explaining that the

international standard does not permit a minus

tolerance from the declared quality).

19The Trade Agreements Act of 1979 states that

no federal agency ‘‘may engage in standards-related

activity that creates unnecessary obstacles to the

foreign commerce of the United States . . .’’ 19

U.S.C. § 2532 (1995). It also states that federal

agencies must, in developing standards, ‘‘take into

consideration international standards and shall, if

appropriate, base the standards on international

standards.’’ 19 U.S.C. § 2532(2)(A) (1980). A

‘‘standard’’ is defined as ‘‘a document approved by

a recognized body that provides, for common and

repeated use, rules, guidelines, or characteristics for

products or related processes and production

methods, with which compliance is not mandatory.

Such term may also include or deal exclusively

with terminology, symbols, packaging, marking, or

labeling requirements as they apply to a product,

process, or production method.’’ 19 U.S.C.

§ 2571(13) (1995). An international standard is

defined as a standard promulgated by an

organization engaged in international standardsrelated activities, the membership of which is open

to representatives, whether public or private, of the

United States and all members of the World Trade

Organization (‘‘WTO’’). 19 U.S.C. § 2571 (5), (6),

and (8) (1995). A WTO member is ‘‘a state or

separate customs territory (within the meaning of

Article XII of the WTO Agreement), with respect to

which the United States applies the WTO

Agreement. Uruguay Round Agreements Act, 19

U.S.C. § 3501(10) (1995).

According to the ‘‘foreword’’ sections in ISO

Standard 9202 (cited above), ISO is ‘‘a worldwide

federation of national standards bodies. The work

of preparing International Standards is normally

carried out through ISO technical committees.’’ ISO

is open to representatives from the United States

and to representatives from members of the WTO,

and qualifies as an international standards

organization.

20Question 7 in the FRN addressed this issue:

‘‘Should platinum and other PGM be described

with two letter abbreviations? Do consumers

understand two letter abbreviations?’’ 61 FR 27227.

Four comments responded to this question, three of

which advocated the use of two-letter abbreviations.

These three comments further stated that although

some consumers may not understand two-letter

abbreviations, they would become accustomed to

them over time. Johnson Matthey (396), p. 4; PGI

(718), p. 3; Canada (802), p. 5; cf. MJSA (799), p.

3 (questionnaire results: 7 yes, 9 no, 1 no response).

21Although the comments indicated that ‘‘999Pt.’’

is a standard also used internationally, the

Commission chose not to include this standard

because it was not mentioned in ISO Standard

9202. As discussed below, however, the Guide

would permit the use of this marking under

§ 23.7(c)(4).

22As discussed below, the revised Guides contain

a different marking scheme for products containing

less than 850 parts per thousand pure platinum,

which is a simplified version of the current

standard as described in the VPS.

23 VPS Section 3.5(2).

standards.14 The international standard,

as established by the International

Organization for Standardization

(‘‘ISO’’), and cited in ISO 9202:1991(E),

titled ‘‘Jewellery—Fineness of precious

metal alloys,’’ specifies a ‘‘range of

fineness of precious metal alloys

(excluding solders) recommended for

use in the field of jewellery’’ and

provides for three values in parts per

thousand for platinum jewelry: 950,

900, and 850. The comments, although

advocating the use of an ‘‘international

standard,’’ did not necessarily support

the use of the ISO markings. Rather, the

comments advocated markings that

were similar to the ISO standard, in that

the markings included a two-letter

platinum abbreviation, and a number

indicating the parts per thousand of

pure platinum, but included additional

or different ranges of fineness beyond

950, 900, and 850.

For instance, the form letter

comments advocated the use of the

three ISO markings (PT950, PT900, and

PT850) and an additional marking,

PT999.15 The form letter comments

stated that the three ISO markings and

the additional marking ‘‘are the same

hallmarks currently used

internationally. These will pave the way

for easier importation and exportation of

platinum jewelry, thereby allowing the

U.S. to be on an even playing field with

the rest of the world.’’ 16 Other

comments advocated the use of

markings that required disclosure of the

pure platinum content in parts per

thousand either preceded or followed by

a two-letter abbreviation for platinum

but did not support the same ranges of

fineness as the ISO or the form letter

comments.17 The comment from the

Canadian Government, however, was

consistent with the ISO. The comment

stated that the international standard

permits three ranges of fineness for

platinum, measured in parts per

thousand, 950, 900, and 850, and

advocated the use of these markings in

the Guides.18

Based on the international standards

reflected in the ISO standard 19 and the

request in the comments to utilize

standards that are recognized

internationally, the Commission has

revised section 7 to provide, in

subsection (c)(3), that ‘‘[a]n industry

product consisting of 850 parts per

thousand pure Platinum, 900 parts per

thousand pure Platinum, or 950 parts

per thousand pure Platinum may be

marked or described as ‘Platinum’

provided that the Platinum marking is

preceded by a number indicating the

amount of parts per thousand of pure

Platinum.’’

The comments also asserted that in

international trade, platinum articles are

marked with the parts per thousand

accompanied by a two-letter

abbreviation, ‘‘Pt.’’ 20 The ISO standard

does not address abbreviation of the

word ‘‘platinum’’; however, based on

the comments’ unanimous support for

such abbreviations, the Commission has

revised section 7 of the Guides to permit

the use of two-letter abbreviations, for

platinum and the other PGM, in

addition to the use of four-letter

abbreviations (e.g., ‘‘Plat.’’ or ‘‘Pt.,’’

‘‘Irid.’’ or ‘‘Ir.,’’ ‘‘Pall.’’ or ‘‘Pd.,’’ ‘‘Ruth.’’

or ‘‘Ru.,’’ ‘‘Rhod.’’ or ‘‘Rh.,’’ and

‘‘Osmi.’’ or ‘‘Os.’’). Therefore,

subsection (c)(3) of revised section 7

provides that industry products

consisting of 850, 900, or 950 parts per

thousand pure Platinum may be marked

‘‘850Pt.,’’ ‘‘850Plat.,’’ ‘‘900Pt.,’’

‘‘900Plat.,’’ ‘‘950Pt.,’’ ‘‘950Plat.’’

respectively.21 For these products (i.e.,

products containing 850 parts per

thousand and above pure platinum),

only the amount of pure platinum need

be disclosed; there is no need to refer to

the presence (or absence) of other

PGM.22

This provision differs in two respects

from the current Guides, based on the

VPS, which allowed articles containing

between 750 and 950 parts per thousand

pure platinum and 950 parts per

thousand PGM, to be marked

‘‘platinum’’ provided the name of the

other PGM preceded the word

platinum.23 First, in the revised Guides,
16672 Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations

24 61 FR 27225.

25Hoover (479) (‘‘difficult to understand why

95% platinum is PT and 90% platinum with 10%

iridium is Irid.-Plat.’’); Peters (701) (no benefit to

consumers to identify products as Irid.-Plat.);

Canada (802), pp. 3–4 (may be confusing to

consumers).

26 Canada (802), p. 3.

27The omission of this provision of the VPS as

a safe harbor in the revised Guides is the only

instance where the revised Guides may conflict

with markings or descriptions now existing on

platinum products. One commenter indicated that

the Commission should include an exemption in

the Guides to exempt platinum jewelry from the

revised Guides if stamped prior to the revision.

Suna (801) (asserting that hallmarking changes are

very costly). Although the Commission is no longer

providing a safe harbor for such markings or

descriptions, the Guides do not state that such

markings or descriptions are unfair or deceptive;

therefore, markings in accordance with the

provisions of the Guides that governed platinum

claims prior to these revisions need not be changed.

28 61 FR 27224 notes 5–6 (May 30, 1996).

29See 61 FR 27224.

30PGI (718), p.2.

31Taylor (002); PGI (718); Graubert (322); LaPrad

(341); Johnson Matthey (396); Hoover (479);

Worthington (503); Raskin (527); Jones (569);

Hartsfield (572); Kelrick (587); Samuel (612); Buruss

(614); Montanaria (642); Jolliff (678) (representative

of the Nat’l Assoc. of Jewelry Appraisers (670

members)); Rudolf (806); Jain (683); Yanke (717);

Carey (759); Hurst (763); Peters (701); Mathews

(779); Good (792); Kelrick (796); Suma (801).

32Neiman (022); Leber (045); Caldiers (063);

Snyder (086); Novell (180, 181 & 182) (three

employees of the same retailer; each sent the

identical comment); Silver (276); Schoenke (300 &

604); Hansen (335); Glasser (337); Urban (574);

Schechter (451); Nengelken (590); Jordan (631);

Moses (647); Ward (685); Sullivan (703).

33 Itelman (277) (recommending 800PT as the

minimum standard because 10KT is the minimum

for gold).

34Four-Star (173); Avante (174); Shersher (374);

Smith (762); Rivclan (496); Delmarva (497); FourStar (656); Cockrell (606).

35Shersher (001); Austin (413); Root (414);

Coleman & Rhine (805); see also MJSA (799), p. 3

(questionnaire results: 3 supported a platinum

marking for products below 500 parts per thousand

pure platinum, 14 opposed).

36Shersher (374).

37Taylor (002).

the Commission is not requiring that

products containing 850 parts per

thousand pure platinum and above also

contain 950 parts per thousand PGM.

The international standard, as described

in the ISO and the comments, does not

contain this requirement. To maintain

consistency with the international

standards, the Commission has decided

to omit this requirement in the revised

Guides.

Second, the VPS for products

containing between 750 and 950 parts

per thousand pure platinum (and 950

parts per thousand PGM) required that

the next predominant PGM in the article

be disclosed and precede platinum in

the marking, which resulted in markings

such as ‘‘Irid.-Plat.’’ The revised Guide

permits a disclosure of solely the

platinum content in parts per thousand

without reference to other PGM where

the article contains 850 parts per

thousand pure platinum or above. In the

FRN the Commission discussed the

‘‘Irid.-Plat.’’ marking specifically and

solicited comments regarding whether

consumers understand this marking.24

Three comments addressed this issue

and indicated that the ‘‘Irid.-Plat.’’

marking may be confusing to

consumers.25 The Canadian

Government’s comment explained that

‘‘[c]onsumers have become accustomed

to ingredient listings which place the

predominant substance first in the

listing, followed thereafter by other

substances in descending order by

weight’’; therefore, an ‘‘Irid.-Plat.’’

marking is counter-intuitive.26

Based upon these three comments and

the previously discussed comments’

unanimous plea for consistency with

international standards, the Commission

has decided not to include the provision

in the VPS for marking products

consisting of between 750 and 950 parts

per thousand platinum as a safe harbor

in section 7 of the revised Guides.27 As

a result, products containing 850 parts

per thousand pure platinum and above

can now be marked solely with the parts

per thousand of pure platinum content

and a two- or four-letter abbreviation for

platinum, and there is no requirement

that the article contain 950 parts per

thousand PGM.

B. Unqualified Use of the Word

‘‘Platinum’’ in a Marking or Description

As discussed above, the VPS provided

that an article could be marked solely

with the word ‘‘platinum’’ if 985 parts

per thousand are PGM and 935 parts per

thousand are pure platinum. The JVC

proposed that the requirement of 985

parts per thousand PGM be changed to

950 parts per thousand pure platinum.

In response to the 1992 FRN, fourteen

comments addressed this issue. Twelve

favored the revision and two opposed

the revision without offering substantive

reasons.28 The comments supporting

this revision asserted that ‘‘950

platinum’’ is the accepted standard

worldwide and use of this standard

would harmonize the Guides with

international practices.29

The 1996 FRN proposed changing

section 7 of the Guides as recommended

by the JVC and many of the prior

comments, to provide that ‘‘[a]n

industry product consisting of at least

950 parts per thousand pure Platinum

may be marked ‘Platinum’ ’’ without

qualification. Only one of the comments

received in response to the 1996 FRN

addressed this issue. The Platinum

Guild International (‘‘PGI’’) opined that

‘‘the guidance for platinum jewelry

should be the same, whether below or

above 950 ppt pure platinum.’’ 30 As

described above, the PGI, both in its

individual comments and the form letter

comment circulated to industry, has

advocated the use of four consistent

markings (Pt999, Pt950, Pt900 and

Pt850). PGI asserts that these markings

will facilitate export of U.S. platinum

jewelry.

The Commission has decided that

unqualified use of the word ‘‘platinum’’

to mark or describe industry products

consisting of 950 parts per thousand

pure platinum or above would not be

misleading and would not hamper

international trade. For many years, the

Guides have permitted a marking or

description of ‘‘platinum’’ where the

pure platinum content was sufficiently

high. To address the concern raised in

the comment, the Commission has made

this marking an alternative marking.

Manufacturers and retailers who seek to

export their products or maintain

consistency with international

standards are free to use ‘‘950Pt.’’

C. Minimum Standard for a Platinum

Description or Marking

The Commission received numerous

comments proposing that 850 parts per

thousand pure platinum be established

as the minimum standard for a platinum

marking. The PGI individual comments

and the 730 form letter comments

strongly advocate this position, and 23

other comments also support 850 parts

per thousand as a minimum standard

for a platinum marking.31 Nineteen

comments support 900 parts per

thousand pure platinum as the

minimum standard for a platinum

marking; 32 one comment recommends a

minimum of 800 parts per thousand

pure platinum; 33 eight comments

advocate a 585 minimum; 34 and four

comments support a minimum of 500

parts per thousand pure platinum for a

platinum marking.35 One commenter

indicated that it is currently preparing

to market jewelry containing 585 parts

per thousand pure platinum.36

The form letter comments advocating

an 850 parts per thousand pure

platinum minimum standard for a

platinum marking explain that:

Growth of over 300% in the last three years

in the U.S. platinum market has been

achieved by promoting certain characteristics

of platinum to consumers. These are:

platinum’s purity, rarity, distinctive color,

luster and density. 850 parts per thousand is

the minimum content to retain these

qualities, which are prized by the American

consumer.37
Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations 16673

38PGI (718), p. 1.

39PGI (718), p. 3. Johnson Matthey asserted

similarly that permitting products with less than

850 parts per thousand pure platinum to be marked

as platinum ‘‘would seriously devalue the status of

the metal as a jewelry material’’ and would

‘‘damage the US jewelry industry’s reputation and

restrict export opportunities for American

companies.’’ Johnson Matthey (396), p. 4.

40 Johnson Matthey (396), p. 3. Johnson Matthey

further explained that ‘‘For example: The addition

of 5% copper extends tool life for machined jewelry

products and the addition of 5% cobalt provides

greater fluidity and hardness. Some additions

require greater quantities to be truly effective, for

example iridium which at 5% has a limited

hardening effect but at 10% provides a very

versatile alloy for jewelry manufacture.’’ Johnson

Matthey (396), p. 3; see also Canada (802), p. 3

(stating that many characteristics, such as density,

acidity, strength, ductility, hardness, wear

resistance, color and light, are affected to various

extents subject to alloy proportions of precious

metals). These comments were addressed to

question 1 in the FRN (‘‘Do products with less than

950 parts per thousand pure platinum have the

same qualities and characteristics as products with

larger amounts of platinum?’’). 61 FR 27226.

41E.g., Nengelken (590) (asserting that platinum is

a precious metal and lower alloys reduce quality);

Ward (685) (opining that 900 is the minimum

necessary to ‘‘retain the quality, purity, security,

distinctive color, luster, density and rarity which

are valued by the American consumer’’); Sullivan

(703) (stating that any tolerance below 900 ‘‘would

downgrade the image [of platinum] in the

industry’’).

42Neiman (022); Leber (045); Caldiers (063);

Snyder (086); Novell (180, 181 & 182) (three

employees of the same retailer; each sent in the

identical comment); Silver (276); Glasser (337);

Jordan (631).

43Schechter (451); Montanari (642); Hurst (763);

cf. Goph (386) (asserting that 14 karat white gold

is the substitute for consumers who cannot afford

platinum and remarking that 585 platinum will ruin

platinum’s reputation— ‘‘if consumers want cheap,

let them buy 14K white gold’’).

44Shersher (374), p. 2; see also Cockrell (606)

(stating ‘‘we have 10K gold. Why not a lower karat

platinum?’’); Rivclan (496) (asserting that 585

platinum ‘‘is excellent jewelry for manufacturing

and provides an all important choice for the middle

class consumers who can’t afford expensive

platinum jewelry.’’); Delmarva (497) (same); FourStar (656) (same).

45Austin (413); accord Root (414).

46PGI (272), pp. 3–4.

47As described above, the VPS, referenced in the

current Guide, provided for platinum markings for

products consisting of between 500 and 750 parts

per thousand pure platinum and for products

consisting of between 750 and 950 parts per

thousand pure platinum. VPS Sections 3.5(2)–(3).

Two different marking schemes were used for each

range; both, however, allowed the word platinum

to be used in the marking.

48 ISO 9202: 1991(E).

49FRN question 6 requested comment on whether

products could be marked ‘‘platinum’’ if the

product contained 950 parts per thousand PGM, of

which less than 500 parts per thousand were pure

platinum. 61 FR 27227. Eleven comments

addressed this question and unanimously stated

that products below 500 parts per thousand pure

platinum should not be marked platinum. Root

(360); Austin (361); Johnson Matthey (396), p. 4;

Austin (413); Root (414); Rivclan (496); Delmarva

(497); Four-Star (656); Moses (647); Peters (701);

PGI (718). The only comment arguably supporting

a platinum marking for products consisting of less

than 500 parts per thousand pure platinum was the

MJSA comment that indicated that 3 of the 17

members responding to their questionnaire

supported such a marking and 14 opposed it. MJSA

(799), p. 3. Thus, the Commission is retaining the

prohibition in the current Guides against platinum

markings for products containing less than 500

parts per thousand platinum.

The PGI comment explains that

‘‘[t]here is no other worldwide market,

with the exception of the U.S., which

allows platinum jewelry items below

850 ppt pure platinum to be sold.’’ 38

PGI also asserted that the marking as

platinum of products that contain less

than 850 parts per thousand pure

platinum:

would seriously diminish the quality of

jewelry products at the manufacturing and

consumer level. * * * To include such low

purity platinum jewelry in the guidelines

would not make platinum products

accessible to consumers but would allow for

poor quality and less durable products to

permeate the U.S. market from off-shore

manufacturing and from U.S. manufacturers,

thus misrepresenting the benefits and

qualities of high-purity platinum.39

Johnson Matthey explained that ‘‘[t]he

qualities and characteristics of platinum

can be changed by the addition of

certain elements in varying proportions.

* * * It is Johnson Matthey’s

experience that alloy additions greater

than 15% offer no improvements in

platinum’s working characteristics but

can adversely affect its desirable

qualities such as colour and density.’’ 40

The comments advocating 900 parts

per thousand pure platinum as the

minimum standard for a platinum

marking use a similar rationale as the

PGI, Johnson Matthey, and form letter

comments to support their position.41 In

fact, many of these commenters

submitted the form letter comment but

simply replaced 850 with 900.42 Certain

comments, however, raised the concern

that products containing 585 parts per

thousand pure platinum will confuse

consumers because 14K gold products

contain 58.5% gold.43 These comments

assert that where the products contain

gold ornaments on a platinum band, for

instance, the consumer will think the

‘‘585’’ refers to the gold content in the

ornament and the ‘‘platinum’’ refers to

the platinum content in the band.

Section 23.9(a) of the current Guides

discusses deception as to applicability

of a mark. It states that ‘‘[i]f a quality

mark on any industry product is

applicable only to part of the product,

the part of the product to which it is

applicable (or inapplicable) should be

disclosed when, absent such disclosure,

the location of the mark misrepresents

the product or part’s true composition.’’

Therefore, the markings referred to in

these comments could be considered

deceptive under the current Guides.

Thus, no further provision in section 7

is required to address this concern.

The comments supporting 585 as the

minimum standard explain that having

products consisting of 585 parts per

thousand pure platinum and 950 parts

per thousand PGM ‘‘makes platinum

jewelry significantly more affordable

without sacrifices in color, look or

quality.’’ 44 Two comments, advocating

500 parts per thousand pure platinum as

the minimum, assert that a product

should consist of at least half of what it

is called; ‘‘[a] higher standard may ‘tie

the hands’ of future technological

breakthroughs’’ and ‘‘be a detriment to

the long term platinum market and its

salability.’’ 45

PGI has explained that it has

apprehensions about supporting 58.5%

platinum because questions still remain

as to whether this alloy will be durable,

scratch resistant, hypo-allergenic, or

will provide a superior setting for gem

stones and a dramatic cost savings to

consumers—‘‘58.5% platinum has not

been properly analyzed or researched to

the point where PGI would feel

comfortable endorsing this platinum

category.’’ 46

The Commission has received no

evidence indicating that a pure

platinum content below 850 parts per

thousand or 900 parts per thousand

results in a product that has lost the

qualities that consumers associate with

platinum. For many years, the Guides

have permitted a platinum marking on

products consisting of less than 850

parts per thousand pure platinum.47 The

ISO standard indicates in a note that

‘‘[a] possible inclusion of platinum

750% (sic) may be envisaged in the

course of further revision of this

International Standard.’’ 48

The Commission believes that if

consumers are given full disclosure as to

the platinum content and the content of

the remaining PGM in the product, they

will not be misled. An informative

marking or description will put

consumers on notice that the product

contains certain precious metals,

thereby putting them in a position to

inquire of the jeweler as to the relative

value of the different metals and the

overall value of the product. The

Commission is persuaded, however, that

products consisting of below 500 parts

per thousand pure platinum should not

bear a platinum marking even if the

platinum predominates because this has

been the historical standard.49

Accordingly, the revised Guides provide

that ‘‘[a]n industry product consisting of

at least 950 parts per thousand PGM,

and of at least 500 parts per thousand

pure Platinum, may be marked
16674 Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations

50 In addition, revised section 23.7(b)(2) of the

Guides provides that a marking or description using

the word platinum or any abbreviation and a

number indicating the parts per thousand, where

the product contains less than 850 parts per

thousand pure platinum, without mention of the

other PGM contained in the product, such as

‘‘600Platinum,’’ may be misleading. The revised

Guide also retains the requirement of the VPS that

products containing lower levels of pure platinum

must contain 950 part per thousand PGM. The

revised Guide includes this requirement for articles

containing less than 850 parts per thousand

platinum, whereas the VPS required at least 950

parts per thousand PGM for any article to be

marked as platinum. As discussed above, the

Commission is not requiring 950 parts per thousand

PGM for products containing 850 parts per

thousand platinum and above because the

international standard (as described in ISO 9202

and the comments) does not contain this

requirement.

This marking also provides guidance in the event

the platinum industry develops new variations of

PGM metals, for example ‘‘925Plat.75Irid.’’ (This

product also could be marked ‘‘900Plat.’’). The

comments indicated that most platinum jewelry

consists of either 900 or 950 parts per thousand

pure platinum with the exception of platinum

chains, which usually contain 850 parts per

thousand pure platinum. The acceptable markings,

however, are broad enough to address new

innovations should they occur.

51Shersher (001); Johnson Matthey (396), pp. 3–

4; Rivclan (496); Delmarva (497); Four-Star (656);

PGI (718); Coleman & Rhine (806). These comments

also indicated that one standard may result in less

confusion for consumers. The MJSA comment

indicated that the members supported using the

same guidance; of the 17 responding to the

questionnaire, 10 supported the same guidance, 3

opposed, and 4 had no response. MJSA (799), p. 2.

52 See Canada (802), p. 3 (‘‘[a]llowing the market

to find its own level through providing consumers

with clear and accurate information on the products

so that they can make informed purchasing

decisions is the basic ideal model.’’)

53 These comments were received in response to

question 3, posed in the FRN (‘‘For products

consisting of less than 950 parts pure platinum,

what are the benefits and costs of marking each

PGM contained in the product? Should the amount

of each metal, in parts per thousand, be disclosed?’’

61 FR 27227). Nine comments addressed this

specific issue. Three stated that it can be costly to

mark each metal in parts per thousand. Shersher

(001); Canada (806), p. 4; PGI (718), p. 3. Seven

stated that it is not beneficial and perhaps

confusing to mark each metal in its parts per

thousand. Mathews (779); Johnson Matthey (396), p.

4; Rivclan (496); Delmarva (497); Four-Star (656);

Peters (701); PGI (718); cf. Canada (806), p. 4

(stating that markings of each metal in parts per

thousand may have only questionable value to the

consumer who is only concerned with the total

platinum content). The MJSA comment appears to

indicate that 9 members believe the amount of each

metal, in parts per thousand, should be disclosed;

6 do not; and, 2 did not respond. The comment is

unclear, however, whether these responses

correspond to the question regarding costs and

benefits or the question regarding marking. MJSA

(799), p. 2.

Seven comments responded to FRN question 4

(‘‘Should products with less than 950 parts pure

platinum be marked with only the amount of pure

platinum contained in the product (e.g., PLAT 900)?

Do consumers understand this marking? Would

percentage markings (e.g., 90% Plat) be preferable

and feasible?’’ 61 FR 27227). These comments

indicated that only the platinum content in parts

per thousand should be disclosed. Shersher (001);

Johnson Matthey (396), p. 4; Peters (701); PGI (718),

p. 3; Canada (802), p. 4; cf. MJSA (799), p. 2

(Marking only with platinum: 8 yes, 9 no;

Consumers understanding the marking: 5 yes, 9 no,

3 no response). Three comments indicated that a

percentage mark could be mis-read. Johnson

Matthey (396), p. 4; PGI (718), p. 3; Canada (802),

p. 4. Two comments stated that consumers will

understand a marking of ‘‘Plat 900.’’ Moses (647);

PGI (718), p. 3. One comment indicated that

consumers may not understand such a marking.

Canada (802), p. 4.

54 VPS Section 3.5(4). For example, an article

consisting of 600 parts per thousand palladium, 200

parts per thousand platinum and 150 parts per

thousand iridium could be marked ‘‘Palladium.’’

55 61 FR 27227.

56 The ISO standard for palladium provides for

two markings for palladium, 500 and 950 parts per

thousand.

57 Articles marked or described consistent with

the ISO standard or the provisions in the current

Guides are not likely to be considered unfair or

deceptive.

58 61 FR 27227 (question 8).

59 Johnson Matthey (396), p. 5; PGI (718), p. 4;

Canada (802), p. 5. One comment stated that there

is a need for Commission guidance but provided no

rationale or suggestions. Moses (647). The MJSA

comments indicate that 12 members felt a need for

guidance and 5 did not; no reasons or suggestions

were provided. MJSA (799, p. 3). Johnson Matthey

and PGI did suggest, however, that the guidance on

gold and silver-filled articles could be adopted for

platinum.

‘Platinum’ provided that the mark of

each PGM constituent is preceded by a

number indicating the amount in parts

per thousand of each PGM, as for

example, ‘600Pt.350Ir.,’ or

‘600Plat.350Irid.’ ’’ 50

This provision is the standard from

the VPS, referenced in the current

Guide. In the VPS, this standard only

applied to products consisting of

between 500 and 750 parts per thousand

pure platinum. As discussed above, a

different standard applied to products

consisting of between 750 and 950 parts

per thousand pure platinum. One of the

goals of revising the Guides was to

simplify and update the current

standards. The comments responding to

question 2 in the FRN, which asked

whether the guidance for products with

differing levels of platinum should be

the same, indicated that there is no

reason to have these different

standards.51 Thus, use of the one

standard for products containing less

than 850 parts per thousand pure

platinum simplifies the current

guidance.

Another option was to permit a

derivation of the international standard

with only the parts per thousand and a

platinum abbreviation disclosed, with

no mention of the other PGM. The

Commission has decided to retain the

standard from the VPS, which requires

disclosure of all the PGM, and apply it

to products containing less than 850

parts per thousand pure platinum. To

the extent there are concerns that

articles with a pure platinum content

below 850 parts per thousand do not

possess the same qualities and

characteristics of higher platinum

content articles, the requirement of

additional information for such articles

will help insure that consumers are

provided with clear and accurate

information to make informed

purchasing decisions.52 Several

comments indicated that it may be

costly to mark, in parts per thousand,

each PGM and that these markings are

not beneficial to consumers.53 The

Commission believes, however, that

including each PGM and the parts per

thousand for products containing less

than 850 parts per thousand pure

platinum is beneficial to consumers. By

making consumers aware of the

presence of PGM other than platinum in

the article, the consumer is put on

notice and may ask the jeweler to

explain the difference between the

article and another article solely marked

with the pure platinum content.

D. The Marking of Products Containing

Less Than 500 Parts Per Thousand Pure

Platinum

The VPS, referenced in the current

Guide, does not allow a platinum

marking for articles with less than 500

parts per thousand pure platinum but

does permit a marking containing the

full name of the PGM, other than

platinum, that predominates.54 The

Commission has decided not to include

this section of the VPS as a safe harbor

in the revised Guides. Although a

standard (that differed slightly from the

VPS) for products containing less than

500 parts per thousand pure platinum

but 950 parts per thousand PGM was

proposed,55 no comments were received

regarding the proposal. The Commission

is aware that there is an ISO standard

for palladium products.56 The

Commission has no evidence, however,

that products that would fall under this

category of markings are being sold in

the U.S. Thus, the Commission has

determined that guidance for such

products is not needed at this time.57

IV. Miscellaneous Issues

A. Platinum-Filled, Platinum Overlay, or

Platinum-Clad Products

The Commission solicited comment

on the need for guidance regarding

descriptions of platinum-filled,

platinum overlay, or platinum-clad

products.58 Five comments responded.

Johnson Matthey, the PGI, and the

Canadian government all stated that

they were unaware of any ‘‘platinumfilled’’ products being manufactured

worldwide.59 Based on these comments,

the Commission has determined that
Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations 16675

60 61 FR 27227 (question 9).

61 Itelman (277); Johnson Matthey (396), p. 5;

Buruss (614); Moses (647); PGI (718); cf. MJSA

(799), p. 3 (9 yes, 6 no, 2 no response).

62 LaPrad (341).

63 Canada (802), p. 5.

64Hoover (479) (discussing gold standards);

Schwartz (709) (describing diamond disclosures);

Kremkow (719) (representative of the International

Colored Gemstone Association, addressing

gemstone treatments); Nicholls (736) (discussing

diamond disclosures); Mayfield (754) (addressing

gemstone treatments); Krementz (798) (describing

gold standards and diamond disclosures).

65Bakery (760) (discussing a company’s violation

of an FTC order).

10See paragraph (c) of this section for examples

of acceptable markings and descriptions.

guidance for such products is not

needed at this time.

B. Chain Articles

The Commission also solicited

comments regarding whether chain

articles containing solder-filled wire

and consisting of at least 850 parts per

thousand pure platinum should be

marked ‘‘platinum.’’ 60 Eight comments

addressed this issue. Six responded that

chain articles containing solder-filled

wire and consisting of at least 850 parts

per thousand pure platinum should be

marked platinum.61 One comment

responded that all platinum products,

including chains, should have a

minimum of 900 parts per thousand

pure platinum.62 The Canadian

Government comment asserted that the

issue of chain articles filled with solder

wire may be mooted by the

improvements said to be achieved with

laser welding.63 The Commission has

decided that there is no basis for the

Guides to treat chain products

differently from any other industry

product containing platinum. Therefore,

the markings for chain articles should

follow the same standards as all other

industry products containing platinum

or PGM.

C. Other

Several comments raised issues

regarding other provisions of the Guides

not concerning articles made with

platinum.64 One comment addressed an

FTC matter that did not relate to the

Guides in any respect.65 These

comments were forwarded to

appropriate Commission staff to address

but were not considered with respect to

the revisions to Section 23.7 of the

Guides.

List of Subjects in 16 CFR Part 23

Advertising, Trade practices, Watches

and jewelry.

Accordingly, the Commission amends

chapter I of Title 16 of the Code of

Federal Regulations as follows:

PART 23—[AMENDED]

1. The authority for citation for Part

23 continues to read as follows:

Authority: Sec. 6, 5, 38 Stat. 721, 719; 15

U.S.C. 46, 45.

2. Section 23.7 is revised to read as

follows:

§ 23.7 Misuse of the words ‘‘platinum,’’

‘‘iridium,’’ ‘‘palladium,’’ ‘‘ruthenium,’’

‘‘rhodium,’’ and ‘‘osmium.’’

(a) It is unfair or deceptive to use the

words ‘‘platinum,’’ ‘‘iridium,’’

‘‘palladium,’’ ‘‘ruthenium,’’ ‘‘rhodium,’’

and ‘‘osmium,’’ or any abbreviation to

mark or describe all or part of an

industry product if such marking or

description misrepresents the product’s

true composition. The Platinum Group

Metals (PGM) are Platinum, Iridium,

Palladium, Ruthenium, Rhodium, and

Osmium.

(b) The following are examples of

markings or descriptions that may be

misleading: 10

(1) Use of the word ‘‘Platinum’’ or any

abbreviation, without qualification, to

describe all or part of an industry

product that is not composed

throughout of 950 parts per thousand

pure Platinum.

(2) Use of the word ‘‘Platinum’’ or any

abbreviation accompanied by a number

indicating the parts per thousand of

pure Platinum contained in the product

without mention of the number of parts

per thousand of other PGM contained in

the product, to describe all or part of an

industry product that is not composed

throughout of at least 850 parts per

thousand pure platinum, for example,

‘‘600Plat.’’

(3) Use of the word ‘‘Platinum’’ or any

abbreviation thereof, to mark or describe

any product that is not composed

throughout of at least 500 parts per

thousand pure Platinum.

(c) The following are examples of

markings and descriptions that are not

considered unfair or deceptive:

(1) The following abbreviations for

each of the PGM may be used for quality

marks on articles: ‘‘Plat.’’ or ‘‘Pt.’’ for

Platinum; ‘‘Irid.’’ or ‘‘Ir.’’ for Iridium;

‘‘Pall.’’ or ‘‘Pd.’’ for Palladium; ‘‘Ruth.’’

or ‘‘Ru.’’ for Ruthenium; ‘‘Rhod.’’ or

‘‘Rh.’’ for Rhodium; and ‘‘Osmi.’’ or

‘‘Os.’’ for Osmium.

(2) An industry product consisting of

at least 950 parts per thousand pure

Platinum may be marked or described as

‘‘Platinum.’’

(3) An industry product consisting of

850 parts per thousand pure Platinum,

900 parts per thousand pure Platinum,

or 950 parts per thousand pure Platinum

may be marked ‘‘Platinum,’’ provided

that the Platinum marking is preceded

by a number indicating the amount in

parts per thousand of pure Platinum (for

industry products consisting of 950

parts per thousand pure Platinum, the

marking described in § 23.7(b)(2) above

is also appropriate). Thus, the following

markings may be used: ‘‘950Pt.,’’

‘‘950Plat.,’’ ‘‘900Pt.,’’ ‘‘900Plat.,’’

‘‘850Pt.,’’ or ‘‘850Plat.’’

(4) An industry product consisting of

at least 950 parts per thousand PGM,

and of at least 500 parts per thousand

pure Platinum, may be marked

‘‘Platinum,’’ provided that the mark of

each PGM constituent is preceded by a

number indicating the amount in parts

per thousand of each PGM, as for

example, ‘‘600Pt.350Ir.,’’

‘‘600Plat.350Irid.,’’ or

‘‘550Pt.350Pd.50Ir.,’’

‘‘550Plat.350Pall.50Irid.’’

Note to § 23.7: Exemptions recognized in

the assay of platinum industry products are

listed in Appendix A of this part.

By direction of the Commission.

Donald S. Clark,

Secretary.

Note: The following appendix will not

appear in the Code of Federal Regulations.

APPENDIX—LIST OF COMMENTERS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation No. Commenter

A & A ........................................................... 160 A & A Jewelers, Inc.

A.C ............................................................... 675 A.C. Associates.

A.L. Jacobs .................................................. 236 A.L. Jacobs & Sons, Jewelers.

A&B ............................................................. 460 A&B Jewels & Tools.

Aalund ......................................................... 243 Nanz Aalund.
16676 Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations

APPENDIX—LIST OF COMMENTERS AND ABBREVIATIONS—Continued

Abbreviation No. Commenter

Abdulky ........................................................ 453 F.M. Abdulky, Inc.

Ace .............................................................. 382 The Ace of Diamonds.

Adams ......................................................... 43 Adams Jewelers, Inc.

Ajour ............................................................ 535 Ajour Ltd.

Alexander .................................................... 273 Robert Alexander Jewelers.

Alie ............................................................... 80 A.E. Alie & Sons, Inc.

Alishan ......................................................... 32 Alishan.

Ali’s .............................................................. 295 Ali’s Persian Carpets.

Allen ............................................................. 521 Douglas Allen Jewelers.

Alsohus ........................................................ 639 B. Alsohus Jewelers.

Altemueller ................................................... 585 Altemueller Jewelry.

American ..................................................... 137 The American Jewelry Co.

American ..................................................... 305 American Jewelry Designs.

Anderson ..................................................... 494 T.K. Anderson.

Anderson ..................................................... 437 Bruce Anderson Fine Jewelry.

Anthony ....................................................... 438 John Anthony Designer.

Anthony ....................................................... 695 Anthony Jewelers.

Antoinette’s .................................................. 370 Antoinette’s Inc.

Antonini ........................................................ 312 Antonini.

Arkins ........................................................... 204 Arkin’s Jewelers.

Arkless ......................................................... 558 Suzanne M. Arkless.

Armstrong .................................................... 82 K.F. Armstrong.

Arnold’s ........................................................ 512 Arnold’s Jewelry.

Aronstam ..................................................... 483 MS Aronstam.

Arrigoni ........................................................ 49 Arrigoni Jewelers, Inc.

Artisan ......................................................... 336 Artisan Designs.

Asprey ......................................................... 70 Asprey.

Auction ......................................................... 103 Auction Market Resource.

Aura ............................................................. 87 Aura America, Inc.

Aurion .......................................................... 3 Aurion International Ltd.

Austin ........................................................... 413 Austin Jewelry Appraisers.

Austin ........................................................... 361 Austin Jewelry Appraisers.

Avante ......................................................... 174 Avante Designs.

Azevedo ....................................................... 435 Azevedo Jewelers & Gemologists, Inc.

Bachman ..................................................... 14 Bachman Jewelers.

Bailey ........................................................... 46 Bailey Banks & Biddle.

Bailey ........................................................... 372 Bailey Banks & Biddle.

Bakery ......................................................... 760 Bakery, Confectionery and Tobacco Workers.

Ballard ......................................................... 90 Ballard & Sons, Inc.

Balshone ...................................................... 788 Joseph G. Balshone.

Barclay’s ...................................................... 549 Barclay’s Jewelers.

Barnes ......................................................... 153 Barnes Jewelry.

Barnes ......................................................... 456 Barnes Jewelry.

Barthman ..................................................... 332 William Barthman.

Bauer ........................................................... 218 Christian Bauer.

Beattie ......................................................... 144 H.W. Beattie & Sons, Inc.

Beauchamp ................................................. 482 Beauchamp & Co. Jewelers.

Begeman’s ................................................... 280 Begeman’s Jewelers.

Beins ............................................................ 404 Robert Beins Jewelers.

Belgian ......................................................... 529 Belgian Diamond Specialties.

Ben Bridge ................................................... 219 Ben Bridge Jeweler, Inc.

Ben Adams .................................................. 248 Ben Adams.

Benchmark .................................................. 206 Benchmark.

Bender’s ...................................................... 217 Bender’s.

Benson ........................................................ 13 Gallen Benson.

Berk ............................................................. 491 Barbara Berk Designs.

Best ............................................................. 354 Joseph Best.

Betlach ......................................................... 288 Fredrick E. Betlach.

Bienstock ..................................................... 392 Bienstock Industries Inc.

Blackstone ................................................... 133 Blackstone Fine Jewelers.

Blancato ....................................................... 608 F. Blancato, Inc.

Blumer ......................................................... 334 AB Blumer.

Bockman’s ................................................... 131 Bockman’s Jewelers & Goldsmiths.

Bohan .......................................................... 222 Jane Bohan, Inc.

Bomberger ................................................... 690 Carolyn Bomberger.

Bondanza .................................................... 126 Michael Bondanza, Inc.

Bongiorno .................................................... 36 Alexander J. Bongiorno.

Booth ........................................................... 241 Richard Booth.

Borelli ........................................................... 423 Borelli Jewelers.

Boren ........................................................... 163 CJ & Anita Boren Jewelry.

Borsheim’s ................................................... 226 Borsheim’s.

Bosco ........................................................... 316 John Bosco Jewelry Inc.
Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations 16677

APPENDIX—LIST OF COMMENTERS AND ABBREVIATIONS—Continued

Abbreviation No. Commenter

Bracken ....................................................... 325 Bracken Jewelers.

Brancier ....................................................... 680 Brancier Jeweller.

Braunschweiger ........................................... 6 Braunschweiger.

Braunschweiger ........................................... 635 Braunschweiger.

Brentwood ................................................... 264 Brentwood Jewelry & Gifts.

Brick House ................................................. 708 The Brick House.

Bridge .......................................................... 89 Ben Bridge Jeweler.

Briggs .......................................................... 599 Louise Briggs.

Brillant .......................................................... 255 Brillant Choice.

Broadway ..................................................... 128 Broadway Jewelers.

Brodkey ....................................................... 4 Brodkey Brothers, Inc.

Broken ......................................................... 96 Gem Broken, Inc.

Brookhurst ................................................... 35 Brookhurst Jewelry & Loan.

Brooks ......................................................... 159 Brooks Jewelry.

Bruce’s ......................................................... 710 Bruce’s Jewelry Co.

Brundage ..................................................... 303 Brundage Jewelers.

Buechner ..................................................... 260 John Buechner, Inc.

Bulfer’s ......................................................... 58 Bulfer’s.

Buruss ......................................................... 614 Norman Jewelers, Inc.

Butler ........................................................... 285 Roger Butler Jewelers.

Butler ........................................................... 101 KE Butler & Company.

C & C ........................................................... 665 C & C Jewelers.

Cabochon .................................................... 39 Cabochon Gems & Designs.

Cadeaux ...................................................... 551 Cadeaux.

Canada ........................................................ 802 Consumer Products Directorate, Industry Canada.

Carey ........................................................... 759 Town & Country Corporation.

Carlos Diaz .................................................. 235 Carlos Diaz, Silversmiths.

Carlyle ......................................................... 492 Carlyle & Co. Jewelers.

Carlyle ......................................................... 634 Carlyle & Co. Jewelers.

Carol Klein ................................................... 785 Carol Klein Fine Jewelry.

Carre ............................................................ 548 Henri Carre.

Carreras ....................................................... 252 Carreras Ltd.

Carroll .......................................................... 47 Carroll’s Jewelers.

Carter ........................................................... 171 Stan Carter Jeweler.

Carter ........................................................... 486 James B. Carter.

Carter ........................................................... 129 Carter & Sons.

Carter’s ........................................................ 711 Carter’s Jewel Chest.

Cartiers ........................................................ 63 Smith Jewelers.

Casey’s ........................................................ 523 Casey’s Jewelers.

Cavanaugh’s ................................................ 506 Cavanaugh’s Jewelers, Inc.

Chalson ....................................................... 156 William Chalson & Co. Inc.

Champion’s .................................................. 291 Champion’s Jewelers.

Charles ........................................................ 250 Charles on Fairhaven.

Chateau ....................................................... 511 Chateau Jewelry Corp.

Chopard ....................................................... 229 Chopard Watch Corp.

Christensen ................................................. 185 Christensen & Rafferty.

Christian Bernard ........................................ 108 Christian Bernard.

Christopher’s ............................................... 519 Christopher’s Fine Jewelry and Gallery.

Cinnamon .................................................... 730 Cinnamon Designs.

Clark ............................................................ 149 B.C. Clark.

Clark ............................................................ 88 B.C. Clark Jewelers.

Classic ......................................................... 436 Classic Treasures Jewelry.

Clear Lake ................................................... 720 Clear Lake Precious Metals.

Club ............................................................. 104 Club Jewelry Mfg. Inc.

Coast ........................................................... 310 Coast Diamond.

Cockrell ........................................................ 606 Charles Cockrell.

Coleman & Rhine ........................................ 805 Coleman & Rhine.

Coleman ...................................................... 97 Nelson Coleman & Sons, Ltd.

Collector’s .................................................... 696 Collector’s Showcase.

Continental .................................................. 471 Continental Coin Corporation.

Conway ........................................................ 577 Judith Conway.

Conway ........................................................ 38 Judith Conway.

Cooper ......................................................... 179 Jeff Cooper, Inc.

Cooperman .................................................. 442 Marilyn F. Cooperman Inc.

Cooperman .................................................. 443 Marilyn F. Cooperman.

Cordova ....................................................... 79 Cordova, Inc.

Cornerstone ................................................. 117 Cornerstone Jewelry.

Coronado ..................................................... 283 Rodimiro Coronado.

Corum .......................................................... 580 Corum Jewelers.

Costello ........................................................ 654 Costello Jewelry Co.

Cox .............................................................. 394 Cox Jewelers.

Crafters ........................................................ 275 Metal Crafters, Inc.
16678 Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations

APPENDIX—LIST OF COMMENTERS AND ABBREVIATIONS—Continued

Abbreviation No. Commenter

Craig ............................................................ 686 David Craig Ltd.

Crescent ...................................................... 388 Crescent Jewelers Inc.

Crews .......................................................... 84 Crews Fine Jewelry.

Cronier’s ...................................................... 582 Cronier’s Fine Jewelry.

Cross ........................................................... 298 Cross Jewelers.

Cumberland ................................................. 459 Cumberland Diamond Exchange.

D&F Decker ................................................. 463 D&F Decker Jewelers.

Dakota ......................................................... 371 Dakota Gems.

Darden ......................................................... 661 Darden Jewelers.

Dardin .......................................................... 263 Dardin Jewelers.

David Porter ................................................ 782 David Porter Jewelry.

Davids .......................................................... 476 Davids.

Davidson ...................................................... 469 Davidson & Licht.

David’s ......................................................... 127 David’s Ltd.

Davis ............................................................ 510 Hal Davis Jewelers.

Davis ............................................................ 109 Davis Diamond Designs.

Davis ............................................................ 743 Hal Davis Jewelers.

De Bears ..................................................... 379 De Bears, Inc.

De Luna ....................................................... 102 De Luna Jewelers.

De Jonghe ................................................... 610 De Jonghe.

De Scenza ................................................... 473 De Scenza Diamonds.

Dearborn ...................................................... 232 Dearborn Jewelers.

Deese .......................................................... 765 Mikal Deese.

Degroot ........................................................ 550 Degroot Industries International, Inc.

Dekkers ....................................................... 537 Dekkers Jewelry.

Delfine’s ....................................................... 545 Delfine’s Inc.

Delma .......................................................... 301 Delma USA Ltd.

Delmarva ..................................................... 497 Delmarva Jewelry.

Delta ............................................................ 515 Delta Diamond Setters & Jewelers, Inc.

Demi-Cache ................................................. 148 Demi-Cache, Inc.

Derryberry .................................................... 461 Josef Derryberry.

Dery ............................................................. 571 J. Dery Jewelers.

Designs ........................................................ 317 Designs in Gems.

DFS ............................................................. 290 DFS Merchandising Limited.

DFS ............................................................. 289 DFS Merchandising Limited.

Di-Mart ......................................................... 638 Di-Mart.

Dia ............................................................... 543 Dia Gem.

Diamond Broker .......................................... 270 The Diamond Broker & Fine Jewels II.

Diana ........................................................... 777 Diana Jewelers of Liverpool, Inc.

Diller ............................................................ 439 Wm. H. Diller Inc.

Direct II ........................................................ 687 Gold & Diamonds Direct II.

Dodrill .......................................................... 214 T.K. Dodrill Jewelers.

Dohack ........................................................ 528 Dohack Jewelers.

Dunay .......................................................... 221 Henry Dunay Designs, Inc.

DuNouveau .................................................. 205 DuNouveau Designs.

Dunstan ....................................................... 568 Dunstan Jewelers, Ltd.

Dupont ......................................................... 502 Dupont Jewelers.

Dupont ......................................................... 343 Dupont Jewelers.

E.S.S. .......................................................... 60 E.S.S., Inc.

Earl .............................................................. 151 Cindi Earl Fine Jewelry.

Earth ............................................................ 287 Earth Resources.

Ecco ............................................................. 329 Ecco High Frequency Corporation.

Eclipse ......................................................... 12 Eclipse Studio.

Ed Mar ......................................................... 597 Ed Mar Crystal & Jewelry Co. Inc.

Edward ........................................................ 504 George Edward Jewelers.

Edwards ....................................................... 199 J & L Edwards Designs.

Ehrhardt’s .................................................... 72 Ehrhardt’s Enterprises.

Ehrlinspiel .................................................... 110 Egon Ehrlinspiel.

Eichberg ...................................................... 681 E. Eichberg Jewelers, Inc.

Eichhorn ...................................................... 746 Eichhorn Jewelry, Inc.

Elan ............................................................. 789 Elan Ltd.

Elegance ...................................................... 34 Elegance Jewelry.

Elements ...................................................... 658 Elements Ltd.

Emrick .......................................................... 297 Emrick Jewels.

Endicott ........................................................ 525 Hudson Endicott.

Endris .......................................................... 513 J.O. Endris & Son Jewelers.

Engelhard .................................................... 593 Engelhard-Clal.

Engelhard-Clal ............................................. 193 Engelhard-Clal.

Erickson ....................................................... 95 Erickson & Erickson.

Estate .......................................................... 165 Estate Jewelry.

Eurocraft ...................................................... 158 Eurocraft.

Facet ............................................................ 377 Cab N Facet Fine Jewelry.
Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations 16679

APPENDIX—LIST OF COMMENTERS AND ABBREVIATIONS—Continued

Abbreviation No. Commenter

Factory’s ...................................................... 122 Factory’s Inc.

Fast-Fix ........................................................ 398 Fast-Fix Jewelry Repairs.

Fedra ........................................................... 176 Fedra, International.

Fell ............................................................... 541 David H. Fell & Co. Inc.

Ferguson ..................................................... 71 T. Ferguson.

Fernando ..................................................... 707 Creations by Fernando.

Fey ............................................................... 364 Fey & Company Jewelers.

Finely’s ........................................................ 676 George Finely’s Jewelers.

Finest ........................................................... 556 Finest Casting & Service LLC.

Finishing ...................................................... 641 Finishing Touches.

Fisher ........................................................... 530 Robert S. Fisher & Company.

Five Star ...................................................... 786 Five Star Jewelers.

Flash ............................................................ 48 Flash Manufacturing.

Fogg ............................................................ 292 F.D. Fogg & Co.

Fojt ............................................................... 299 J. Fojt Originals.

Ford ............................................................. 369 Ford, Gittings & Kane Jewelers.

Forest .......................................................... 26 Forest Jewelers.

Fortunoff ...................................................... 458 Fortunoff.

Foster .......................................................... 589 T. Foster & Co.

Four Stars .................................................... 656 Four Stars.

Four Stars .................................................... 173 Four Stars.

Fox ............................................................... 210 Debbie S. Fox.

Fox’s ............................................................ 674 Fox’s Gem Shop.

Fox’s ............................................................ 726 Fox’s Gem Shop.

Fox’s ............................................................ 723 Fox’s Gem Shop.

Fox’s ............................................................ 727 Fox’s Gem Shop.

Fox’s ............................................................ 722 Fox’s Gem Shop.

Fox’s ............................................................ 721 Fox’s Gem Shop.

Fox’s ............................................................ 672 Fox’s Gem Shop.

Fox’s ............................................................ 673 Fox’s Gem Shop.

Fox’s ............................................................ 725 Fox’s Gem Shop.

Fox’s ............................................................ 671 Fox’s Gem Shop.

Fox’s ............................................................ 724 Fox’s Gem Shop.

Fox’s ............................................................ 728 Fox’s Gem Shop.

Francis ......................................................... 216 Michael Francis Co.

Francis ......................................................... 215 Michael Francis Co.

Frank ........................................................... 449 David Frank.

Franz ........................................................... 501 Franz Jewelers Ltd.

Frasca .......................................................... 211 Frasca Jewelers.

Fredericks .................................................... 73 Phillips & Fredericks Jewelers.

Freeman ...................................................... 797 Freeman Jewelers.

Frei .............................................................. 536 Frei & Borel.

French Jewels ............................................. 664 The French Jewels.

Freund ......................................................... 188 Freund Jewelers.

Friedheim ..................................................... 355 Bess Friedheim Jewelry.

Friesen’s ...................................................... 311 Friesen’s Jewelers.

Fuller ............................................................ 194 Fuller Findings.

Future Ring .................................................. 424 Future Ring Corporation.

G & G .......................................................... 201 G & G Diamond Brokers.

G.N.K. .......................................................... 470 G.N.K. Co.

Gallery ......................................................... 416 The Jeweler’s Gallery.

Gannaway ................................................... 161 Gannaway Bros. Jewelry.

Gasser ......................................................... 308 John Gasser & Son.

Gasser ......................................................... 147 John Gasser & Son.

Geiss ........................................................... 663 Geiss & Sons.

Gem Society ................................................ 741 American Gem Society.

Gem Lab ...................................................... 274 The Gem Lab.

Gem East .................................................... 739 Gem East Corporation.

Gem Wave .................................................. 347 Gem Wave, Inc.

Gem Classics .............................................. 668 Gem Classics, Ltd.

Gem Smith .................................................. 544 The Gem Smith Inc.

Gem Vest .................................................... 627 Gem Vest.

Gemma ........................................................ 698 Gemma Gallery.

Gems ........................................................... 207 Gems & Treasures.

Gemsmith .................................................... 203 Gemsmith Design Gallery Jewelry.

Gemstone .................................................... 586 Gemstone Creations.

General ........................................................ 699 General Findings.

GIA .............................................................. 659 Gemological Institute of America.

Giganti ......................................................... 114 Giganti Jewelers.

GIJ ............................................................... 705 Gemologist International Jewelry.

Ginsberg ...................................................... 468 M.C. Ginsberg Jewelers, Inc.

Gioielli .......................................................... 682 Arata Gioielli.
16680 Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations

APPENDIX—LIST OF COMMENTERS AND ABBREVIATIONS—Continued

Abbreviation No. Commenter

Glasser ........................................................ 337 Gemillion Casting Inc.

Gleim ........................................................... 539 Gleim the Jeweler.

Glenn Bletz .................................................. 224 Glenn Bletz & Associates.

Godfrey ........................................................ 113 Godfrey Jewelers.

Gold Works .................................................. 651 Gold Works.

Gold Rush ................................................... 30 The Gold Rush.

Gold Button ................................................. 462 Gold Button Jewelers, Inc.

Gold Arts ..................................................... 653 Gold Arts.

Gold ............................................................. 118 Gold-N-Designs.

Gold Art ....................................................... 552 Gold Art Handmade Jewelry.

Gold ............................................................. 119 Gold-N-Designs.

Golden Crown ............................................. 233 Golden Crown Jewelers.

Golden’s ...................................................... 234 Golden’s.

Goldex ......................................................... 339 Goldex Fine Jewelry.

Goldin .......................................................... 403 Goldin Jewelers Inc.

Goldman ...................................................... 753 Goldman.

Goldman ...................................................... 611 Frederick Goldman, Inc.

Goldsmith .................................................... 231 Michael’s Goldsmith Service, Inc.

Goldsmith .................................................... 380 Goldsmith Jewelers.

Goldsmiths ................................................... 679 Brown Goldsmiths.

Goldworks .................................................... 584 The Goldworks.

Good ............................................................ 792 Michael Good Designs, Inc.

Goodman ..................................................... 509 Goodman & Sons Jewelers.

Goodwin ...................................................... 784 Goodwin Manufacturing.

Goph ............................................................ 386 Goph & Co.

Goph Albitz .................................................. 385 Goph Albitz Designs.

Gordon ......................................................... 44 Samuel Gordon Jewelers & Diamond.

Gottlieb ........................................................ 257 Gottlieb & Sons, Inc.

Gould ........................................................... 56 Gould’s Diamonds & Jewelry.

Gould’s ........................................................ 271 Gould’s Diamonds & Jewelry.

Grader ......................................................... 17 Grader Jewelers.

Graubart ...................................................... 322 Maurice B. Graubart & Sons, Jewelers.

Gravano ....................................................... 68 John Gravano & Co.

Grebitus ....................................................... 581 Grebitus & Sons Jewelers.

Grebitus ....................................................... 517 Grebitus & Sons Jewelers.

Green ........................................................... 644 Lux Bond & Green.

Greenfield .................................................... 195 Greenfield Jewelers.

Gross ........................................................... 256 H.L. Gross & Bros.

Grossman .................................................... 83 Gale Grossman.

Grove ........................................................... 514 Diamonds in the Grove.

Grunos ......................................................... 795 Grunos of Rockford.

H & H ........................................................... 600 H & H Design.

H. & H. ......................................................... 660 H. & H. Jewels, Inc.

Hadley ......................................................... 751 A.H. Hadley & Co.

Hadley ......................................................... 752 A.H. Hadley & Co.

Haimoff ........................................................ 652 Haimoff & Haimoff.

Hale’s ........................................................... 516 Hale’s.

Halina .......................................................... 116 Halina Fuchs.

Haltom ......................................................... 245 Mary Haltom Jeweler.

Hamilton ...................................................... 393 Hamilton Jewelers.

Hammond’s ................................................. 729 Hammond’s.

Hands .......................................................... 578 Hands Jewelers.

Hank ............................................................ 177 Hank & Co.

Hansen ........................................................ 335 Hansen Designs.

Hardy’s ........................................................ 613 Hardy’s Diamonds.

Harold’s ....................................................... 767 Harold’s Jewelry Inc.

Harold’s ....................................................... 557 Harold’s Jewelry Inc.

Hartmann ..................................................... 793 Hartmann Jewelers.

Hartsfield ..................................................... 572 B. Sanfield, Inc.

Hauser ......................................................... 383 Hauser & Miller Company.

Hauser’s ...................................................... 774 Hauser’s Jewelers.

Hawken ........................................................ 629 Armetrout-Hawken.

Hayman ....................................................... 184 David Hayman Jewelers.

Hebblethwaite .............................................. 353 Hebblethwaite.

Heer ............................................................. 677 Jandina Heer.

Heffern ......................................................... 560 Elleard B. Heffern, Inc.

Heffern ......................................................... 561 Elleard B. Heffern, Inc.

Heier ............................................................ 624 Heier Resources.

Heller ........................................................... 33 Heller Antiques Ltd.

Henri’s ......................................................... 85 Henri’s Jewelry Co.

Heron ........................................................... 328 G.B. Heron.

Herrud .......................................................... 92 Herrud Jewelers.
Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations 16681

APPENDIX—LIST OF COMMENTERS AND ABBREVIATIONS—Continued

Abbreviation No. Commenter

Herteen ........................................................ 508 Herteen & Stocker.

Heyman ....................................................... 397 Oscar Heyman & Brothers, Inc.

Higgins ......................................................... 621 Higgins Jewelers.

Hill ................................................................ 11 Hill Jewelers.

Holder .......................................................... 40 Mark Holder Jeweler.

Holland’s ...................................................... 607 Holland’s.

Hollis ............................................................ 531 Hollis & Company Jewelers.

Hollis ............................................................ 467 Hollis & Company Jewelers.

Hollis ............................................................ 532 Hollis & Company Jewelers.

Hoover ......................................................... 479 Hoover & Strong.

Horwitz ......................................................... 100 Horwitz Jewelers.

Houck’s ........................................................ 319 Houck’s Jewelry.

Houston ....................................................... 65 Houston Gold Exchange.

Houston ....................................................... 266 Houston Jewelers.

Houston ....................................................... 164 Houston Jewelry.

Howard’s ...................................................... 357 Howard’s Mfg. Jewelers.

Huffords ....................................................... 588 Huffords Jewelry, Inc.

Hunter .......................................................... 93 Johannes Hunter Jewelers.

Hunters ........................................................ 441 Hunters Jewelers Ltd.

Hunter’s ....................................................... 98 Hunter’s Jewelers Ltd.

Hurst ............................................................ 763 Berwyn Jewelers, Inc.

Illumina ........................................................ 387 Illumina Gallery.

Indigo ........................................................... 31 Indigo Gallery.

Indorf ........................................................... 167 Peter Indorf Jewelers.

Inlow ............................................................ 490 Inlow Designs Jewelers.

Inter Gold ..................................................... 693 Inter Gold (India) Limited.

Int’l. Soc. App. ............................................. 791 International Society of Appraisers.

Isis ............................................................... 406 Isis Jewelers Inc.

Itelman ......................................................... 277 Herco.

J. Dery ......................................................... 237 J. Dery Jewelers.

Jacart ........................................................... 162 Jacart Gold Exchange.

Jain .............................................................. 683 Inter Gold (India) Limited.

JAS .............................................................. 375 JAS Jewelers, Inc.

Jeannie’s ..................................................... 390 Jeannie’s Jewelry & Design.

Jewel Box .................................................... 474 The Jewel Box.

Jeweler ........................................................ 198 Jeweler to the Trade, Inc.

Jewelers ...................................................... 62 Jewelers Workshop.

Jewelers, Inc. .............................................. 646 Jewelers of America, Inc.

Jeweler’s Bench .......................................... 742 Jeweler’s Bench.

Jeweler’s Bench .......................................... 769 Jeweler’s Bench.

Jewelry Designer ......................................... 770 Jewelry Designer.

Jewels .......................................................... 505 Jewels Salon & Boutique.

JIC ............................................................... 758 Jewelry Information Center.

Joaillier ........................................................ 24 Fred Joaillier, Inc.

Johnson Matthey ......................................... 396 Johnson Matthey.

Johnson ....................................................... 220 Johnson Gems.

Joliff ............................................................. 678 The National Association of Jewelry Appraisers.

Jolly’s ........................................................... 249 Jolly’s Jewelers and Silversmiths.

Jones ........................................................... 81 Jones & Jones Jewelers.

Jones ........................................................... 75 Jones & Jones Jewelers.

Jones ........................................................... 569 Indigo Gallery.

Jordan .......................................................... 631 Facets.

Josephson ................................................... 579 C.I. Josephson Jewelers.

Jostens ........................................................ 493 Jostens.

JRB .............................................................. 632 Jeweler’s Resource Bureau.

Juniker ......................................................... 121 Juniker Jewelry Co.

JVC .............................................................. 433 JVC Ferrara Co., Inc.

Kaiser .......................................................... 495 Johann Kaiser.

Kam ............................................................. 338 Wayne Kam Goldsmith.

Kamen ......................................................... 407 Robert C. Kamen.

Kaplan ......................................................... 643 Lazare Kaplan.

Karat Gold ................................................... 183 Karat Gold Corner.

Karat ............................................................ 170 Karat Gold Jewelers.

Karat Patch .................................................. 208 Karat Patch Jewelry, Inc.

Karen’s ........................................................ 731 Karen’s Jewelers.

Kazto ........................................................... 592 Kazto.

Keepsake ..................................................... 74 JC Keepsake, Inc.

Keith ............................................................ 5 Keith, Inc.

Kelley ........................................................... 428 Kelley Jewelers.

Kelley ........................................................... 429 Kelley Jewelers.

Kelrick .......................................................... 587 Finger Mate, Inc.

Kelrick .......................................................... 796 Finger Mate, Inc.
16682 Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations

APPENDIX—LIST OF COMMENTERS AND ABBREVIATIONS—Continued

Abbreviation No. Commenter

Kendall ......................................................... 800 Kendall Gemological Services, Inc.

Kendrick ....................................................... 294 Merkley Kendrick.

Kendrick ....................................................... 669 Merkley Kendrick.

Kerr .............................................................. 591 Kerr Jewelry Division.

Keystone ...................................................... 143 Keystone Findings, Inc.

Khamis ......................................................... 213 Khamis Fine Jewelers.

Kiger ............................................................ 27 Keppie Kiger.

Kingsgate ..................................................... 333 Kingsgate Diamonds, Inc.

Kirk .............................................................. 28 Kirk Jewelers.

Kizer ............................................................ 415 Kizer Cummings Jewelers.

Klecka .......................................................... 10 Paul Klecka.

Klecka .......................................................... 485 Paul Klecka.

Klima ............................................................ 120 Tyler Klima.

Knights ......................................................... 365 Norm Knights.

Knowles ....................................................... 422 Knowles.

Kohler’s ........................................................ 344 Kohler’s Fine Jewelry.

Kokkelers ..................................................... 340 Kokkelers.

Kolman ........................................................ 440 Kolman Jewelers.

Krementz ..................................................... 798 Krementz & Co.

Krenikow ...................................................... 719 International Colored Gemstone Association.

Kreuter ......................................................... 489 Jack Kreuter Jewelers.

Krieger ......................................................... 309 Hans D. Krieger.

Krieger ......................................................... 776 Hans D. Krieger.

Kuhn ............................................................ 444 Kuhn, Inc.

La Prad ........................................................ 341 Robert E. La Prad.

Lacert ........................................................... 755 William H. Lacert.

Lacher .......................................................... 409 J.B. Lacher, Inc.

Lacy ............................................................. 735 Lacy & Co.

Lambert ....................................................... 399 Bruce Lambert.

Landau ......................................................... 61 J. Landau, Inc.

Leach ........................................................... 650 Leach & Garner.

Leber ........................................................... 45 Leber Limited.

Leitzel’s ........................................................ 238 Leitzel’s Jewelry.

Leon’s .......................................................... 124 Leon’s Jewelers.

Levin ............................................................ 29 Jack A. Levin.

Levy ............................................................. 457 Levy Jewelers.

Levy ............................................................. 262 Levy Jewelers.

Lieberfarb .................................................... 253 Lieberfarb, Inc.

Liska ............................................................ 733 David W. Liska Co.

Living Stones ............................................... 778 Living Stones Enterprises.

Lone Star ..................................................... 55 Lone Star Gold Exchange.

Long ............................................................. 373 Long Jewelers.

Lord ............................................................. 314 Lord of the Rings.

Love’s .......................................................... 466 Love’s.

Luxor ............................................................ 150 Luxor Jewelers, Inc.

M & M .......................................................... 475 M & M Jewelry Repair.

M & J ........................................................... 714 M & J Jewelry.

M.J. Reed .................................................... 302 M.J. Reed Jewelers.

M.J. .............................................................. 622 M.J. Jewellers Ltd.

MAB ............................................................. 716 MAB Jewelers.

Magnon ........................................................ 620 Magnon Jewelers.

Mandarin ...................................................... 25 Mandarin Gems.

Mangan ........................................................ 51 Mangan Jewelers.

Mangan ........................................................ 52 Mangan Jewelers.

Mark Michael ............................................... 637 Mark Michael Designs, Inc.

Mark Diamonds ........................................... 286 Mark Diamonds Jewelers.

Markides ...................................................... 780 Markides Jewelers.

Marla ............................................................ 155 Gregg Marla Co.

Marshalls ..................................................... 247 Marshalls of Milford, Jewelers.

Marshall’s .................................................... 246 Marshall’s.

Mart ............................................................. 417 Cal. Jewelry Mart.

Martin ........................................................... 99 A.J. Martin.

Marvin .......................................................... 605 Marvin & Sons.

Marvin .......................................................... 657 Marvin & Sons.

Marvin .......................................................... 478 Marvin & Sons.

Marvin .......................................................... 452 Marvin & Sons.

Maslan ......................................................... 9 Richard Maslan & Company.

Master .......................................................... 465 Master Goldsmiths.

Master .......................................................... 106 Master Goldsmith Collection.

Masters ........................................................ 157 Color Masters.

Masters ........................................................ 649 Masters.

Mathews ...................................................... 281 C. Mathews Design.
Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations 16683

APPENDIX—LIST OF COMMENTERS AND ABBREVIATIONS—Continued

Abbreviation No. Commenter

Mathews ...................................................... 779 C. Mathews Design.

Matlick ......................................................... 734 Penny Matlick Fine Jewelry Company.

Mayfield’s ..................................................... 754 Mayfield’s Co.

McArthur ...................................................... 617 McArthur Jewelers.

McFadden .................................................... 168 William F. McFadden, Inc.

McKay .......................................................... 401 Bruce McKay.

McKeller ....................................................... 618 Aay McKeller.

McMullen ..................................................... 139 J. McMullen Jewelry.

Measetique .................................................. 362 Measetique Jewels.

Mednikow .................................................... 296 Mednikow.

Megginson ................................................... 790 Megginson Fine Jewelers.

Megginson ................................................... 787 Megginson Fine Jewelers.

Mel ............................................................... 130 Mel’s Diamond House.

Michaels ...................................................... 601 Michaels Jewelers.

Michael’s ...................................................... 573 Michael’s Jewelers.

Michael’s ...................................................... 136 Michael’s Jewelers.

Mike ............................................................. 700 Mike Hullingsurt.

Mirjam .......................................................... 768 Mirjam Butz & Brown Jewelers.

Mithril ........................................................... 692 Mithril, Ltd. Jewelers.

MJSA ........................................................... 799 Manufacturing Jewelers & Silversmiths of America.

Modern ........................................................ 538 Modern Diamond Jewelry.

Moeller ......................................................... 670 R.F. Moeller Jeweler.

Molberg’s ..................................................... 633 Molberg’s, Inc.

Molina .......................................................... 533 Molina.

Montanari ..................................................... 642 Montanari.

Montgomery ................................................. 342 Ned V. Montgomery.

Moore’s ........................................................ 689 Moore’s Jewelers.

Moose .......................................................... 757 Frank L. Moose Jeweler, Inc.

Moretti’s ....................................................... 576 Moretti’s Fine Jewelry.

Morgan’s ...................................................... 623 Morgan’s Jewelers.

Morrissey ..................................................... 269 Morrissey Fine Jewelry.

Moses .......................................................... 647 Moses Jewelers.

Moses .......................................................... 445 Moses Jewelers.

Mossner ....................................................... 240 Mossner.

Moyer ........................................................... 619 Moyer Jewelers, Inc.

Moyer ........................................................... 145 Moyer & Co.

MSK ............................................................. 323 MSK Designs.

Mulhollen ..................................................... 135 Mulhollen Jewelry Design.

Mullen .......................................................... 57 Mullen Bros. Jewelers.

Muller ........................................................... 352 Muller Jewelers.

MWM ........................................................... 450 MWM Goldsmithing.

Mystik .......................................................... 697 Mystik Jewellery.

Nakamura .................................................... 313 Jerry M. Nakamura & Sons.

Nathan ......................................................... 553 Nathan Design.

Nature’s 10 .................................................. 596 Nature’s 10 Jewelers.

Nature’s 10 .................................................. 565 Nature’s 10 Jewelers.

Nature’s 10 .................................................. 595 Nature’s 10 Jewelers.

Nature’s 10 .................................................. 594 Nature’s 10 Jewelers.

Nature’s 10 .................................................. 567 Nature’s 10 Jewelers.

Nature’s 10 .................................................. 566 Nature’s 10 Jewelers.

Nature’s 10 .................................................. 563 Nature’s 10 Jewelers.

Nature’s 10 .................................................. 564 Nature’s 10 Jewelers.

Nature’s 10 .................................................. 562 Nature’s 10 Jewelers.

Nazarian ...................................................... 603 R.S. Nazarian Jewelry Manufacturing.

Neiman ........................................................ 22 Neiman Jewelers.

Neiman ........................................................ 775 Neiman Marcus.

Nelson ......................................................... 395 Ken Nelson.

Nengelken ................................................... 590 Niessing.

New York ..................................................... 408 New York Jewelers and Collateral Co.

Newton ........................................................ 547 Newton Industries, Inc.

Nicholls ........................................................ 736 Paradise Jewelry.

Nordstrom .................................................... 666 Nordstrom.

Norris ........................................................... 54 Norris Jewelers, Inc.

Northern ....................................................... 91 Northern Light Gems.

Novell ........................................................... 181 Novell Enterprises, Inc.

Novell ........................................................... 180 Novell Enterprises, Inc.

Novell ........................................................... 182 Novell Enterprises, Inc.

Numis .......................................................... 197 Numis International, Inc.

OGL ............................................................. 691 Ohio Gemological Laboratory, Inc.

Old World .................................................... 18 Old World Jewelers.

Olde ............................................................. 112 Olde World Jewelers.

Olson ........................................................... 706 Cynthia Olson Jewelry.
16684 Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations

APPENDIX—LIST OF COMMENTERS AND ABBREVIATIONS—Continued

Abbreviation No. Commenter

Omega ......................................................... 306 Omega Casting Corporation.

Opulence ..................................................... 268 Opulence.

ORA ............................................................. 348 ORA Designers.

Orange Blossom .......................................... 189 Orange Blossom Jewelers.

Orin .............................................................. 534 Orin Jewelers, Inc.

Orlando ........................................................ 146 Joseph C. Orlando, Inc.

Ostbye ......................................................... 366 Ostbye & Anderson Ultrablue Mfg.

Ostling ......................................................... 640 Ostling & Brooks, Ltd.

OWJ ............................................................. 359 OWJ

Pace ............................................................ 141 Pace Jewelers, Inc.

Pace ............................................................ 425 Pace.

Pacific .......................................................... 327 Pacific Gemological Laboratory, Inc.

Padilla .......................................................... 191 Padilla Jewelers.

Palmieri ........................................................ 772 D.A. Palmieri Co., Inc.

Palo Alto ...................................................... 196 Diamonds of Palo Alto.

Panther ........................................................ 500 Platinum Panther.

Paradise ...................................................... 749 Paradise.

Paradise ...................................................... 702 Paradise Associates.

Parker .......................................................... 50 Curt Parker, Inc.

Parker .......................................................... 738 Curt Parker, Inc.

Parker .......................................................... 737 Curt Parker, Inc.

Pasdera ....................................................... 37 Pasdera Custom Jewelers.

Patton .......................................................... 481 R&I Patton.

Pattons ........................................................ 419 Pattons.

Pattons ........................................................ 418 Pattons.

Pavlotzky ..................................................... 766 George L. Pavlotzky & Son, Inc.

Pearlman’s ................................................... 498 Pearlman’s.

Pegasus ....................................................... 554 Pegasus Jewelry.

PeJay ........................................................... 154 PeJay Creations Ltd.

Pejois ........................................................... 381 Pejois, Inc.

Perret ........................................................... 71 Etienne Perret.

Peters .......................................................... 701 Handy & Harman.

PGI .............................................................. 272 Platinum Guild International USA Jewelry Inc.

PGI .............................................................. 718 Platinum Guild International USA Jewelry, Inc.

PGI .............................................................. 378 Platinum Guild International USA Jewelry Inc.

PGI .............................................................. 391 Platinum Guild Int’l. USA Jewelry Inc.

Phillip ........................................................... 464 Phillip Original Jewelry.

Phillippus ..................................................... 175 Phillippus.

Phillippvs ..................................................... 615 Phillippvs & Co. Inc.

Pilcher .......................................................... 212 Pilcher Jewelry Company.

Plante .......................................................... 350 Plante Jewelers.

Platinum Unlimited ...................................... 583 Platinum Unlimited Inc.

Platinum Plus .............................................. 636 Platinum Plus Jewelry, Inc.

Plumb .......................................................... 524 Plumb Gold Ltd.

Plumb .......................................................... 431 Plumb Gold Ltd.

Potichke ....................................................... 430 Linda Potichke Jewelry Design.

Prospector ................................................... 712 The Prospector, Inc.

Prospector ................................................... 713 The Prospector, Inc.

ProVockative ............................................... 223 ProVockative Gems, Inc.

Purvis ........................................................... 267 Purvis Jewelers.

Quality ......................................................... 472 Quality Casting Inc.

Quinn’s ........................................................ 555 Quinn’s Goldsmith.

Rafinity ......................................................... 384 Rafinity.

Raskin .......................................................... 527 Kemp Metal Products, Inc.

Rawlings ...................................................... 732 Rawlings Jewelry.

Raymond ..................................................... 59 Raymond Lee Jewelers.

Refined ........................................................ 41 Refined Designs.

Refractal ...................................................... 694 Refractal Design, Inc.

Reising ......................................................... 421 Reising International Inc.

Republic ....................................................... 667 Republic Metals Corporation.

Restifo’s ....................................................... 152 Restifo’s Jewelry Laboratory.

Restifo’s ....................................................... 487 Restifo’s Jewelry Laboratory.

Reuschleiz ................................................... 94 C.F. Reuschleiz, Inc.

Reznikov ...................................................... 78 Reznikov’s.

Richards ...................................................... 602 Anne Richard Designs.

Richard’s ...................................................... 115 Richard’s Jewelry.

Rivclan ......................................................... 496 Sandy Rirdon Peweters.

Robann’s ..................................................... 186 Robann’s Jewelers.

Robbins ....................................................... 376 Bernie Robbins.

Robbins ....................................................... 125 Bernie Robbins Fine Jewelry.

Robins ......................................................... 169 Robins Jewelers.

Robinson ..................................................... 499 Barnett Robinson, Inc.
Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations 16685

APPENDIX—LIST OF COMMENTERS AND ABBREVIATIONS—Continued

Abbreviation No. Commenter

Roni ............................................................. 178 Roni Jewel

Root ............................................................. 360 C. Kirk Root Designs.

Root ............................................................. 414 C. Kirk Root Designs.

Roth ............................................................. 455 Karen Roth.

Royal ........................................................... 107 Royal Jewelers, Inc.

Royal ........................................................... 307 Royal Jewelry Mfg. Inc.

Royston ....................................................... 750 Royston Jewels.

Rubel ........................................................... 484 Fredric H. Rubel.

Rudolf .......................................................... 806 OE Design.

Rummele’s ................................................... 123 Rummele’s Jewelers.

Rutledge ...................................................... 747 Neil Rutledge & Co.

RV Coin ....................................................... 166 RV Coin & Jewelry Exchange.

Sadovsky ..................................................... 480 Mark Sadovsky Jeweler.

Sammartino ................................................. 546 Diamonds by Sammartino Sisters, Inc.

Sammor ....................................................... 349 Sammor.

Samuel ........................................................ 612 Samuel Jewels, Inc.

San Diego .................................................... 132 Manufacturing Jewelers of San Diego.

Sandberg ..................................................... 228 Sandberg & Sikorski.

Sandberg ..................................................... 411 Sandberg & Sikorski Corporation.

Sawyer ......................................................... 23 George Sawyer Design.

Saxon .......................................................... 626 Saxon.

Schalla ......................................................... 209 Schalla Jeweler.

Schechter .................................................... 451 Honora Industries, Inc.

Scheherazade ............................................. 427 Scheherazade.

Schmidt ........................................................ 251 R.J. Schmidt.

Schmitt ......................................................... 142 Adam Schmitt.

Schoenke ..................................................... 300 Platinum Jewelers.

Schoenke ..................................................... 604 Platinum Jewelers.

Schwanke .................................................... 64 Schwanke-Kasten Jewelers.

Schwartz ...................................................... 709 Charles Schwartz.

Schwarzschild .............................................. 764 Schwarzschild Jewelers.

Servis ........................................................... 16 Servis and Taylor Jewellers.

Servis ........................................................... 282 Servis & Taylor Jewellers.

Servis ........................................................... 326 Servis & Taylor Jewellers.

Sheftall ......................................................... 140 The Sheftall Co..

Shelton ........................................................ 518 Shelton Jewelers, Ltd.

Shersher ...................................................... 374 Casting Platina Services.

Shersher ...................................................... 1 Casting Platina Services.

Shiboski ....................................................... 598 Shiboski.

Siegel ........................................................... 315 Siegel Jewelers.

SIGI ............................................................. 454 SIGI Design.

Signatures ................................................... 321 Signatures.

Silver ............................................................ 276 Michael Jewelers.

Silver House ................................................ 330 Silver House & Co. International, Inc.

Silvergate ..................................................... 794 Silvergate Farms.

Sipe ............................................................. 21 J.C. Sipe Jewelers.

Sipe ............................................................. 20 J.C. Sipe Jewelers.

Sipe ............................................................. 19 J.C. Sipe Jewelers.

Sissy’s ......................................................... 559 Sissy’s Log Cabin.

Sites ............................................................. 434 Sites Jewelers.

Skipped ........................................................ 540 Skipped number.

Skomaroske ................................................. 575 JoAnn Skomaroske.

Smith ........................................................... 762 Winston Studio & Imports.

Smith & Bevill .............................................. 324 Smith & Bevill Jewelers, Inc.

Smith ........................................................... 42 Robert Smith Jeweler, Inc.

Smyth .......................................................... 111 Albert S. Smyth Company, Inc.

Snyder ......................................................... 773 Snyder Jewelers.

Snyder ......................................................... 86 Wixon Jewelers.

Solomons ..................................................... 405 Solomons Jewelers.

Solover ........................................................ 367 Solover Jewelers Inc.

Sordo ........................................................... 447 Olivia Sordo.

Southeast Gem ........................................... 745 Southeast Gemological Laboratory.

Spirer-Somes ............................................... 15 Spirer-Somes Jewelers.

Spirit ............................................................ 655 Spirit of the Earth.

Spreckman .................................................. 105 Hy Spreckman & Sons, Inc.

St. Clair ........................................................ 202 St. Clair Jewelers.

Stadheim’s ................................................... 426 Stadheim’s.

Stanley ......................................................... 239 Stanley Jewelers Gemologist, Inc.

Starfire ......................................................... 488 Starfire Gems.

Stepan-Hill ................................................... 740 Stepan-Hill Jewelry Designers.

Steven’s ....................................................... 345 Harold Steven’s Jewelers, Inc.

Stuller .......................................................... 630 Stuller.
16686 Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations

APPENDIX—LIST OF COMMENTERS AND ABBREVIATIONS—Continued

Abbreviation No. Commenter

Sturgill .......................................................... 67 P.R. Sturgill.

Sturhan ........................................................ 278 Sturhan Jewelers.

Sullivan ........................................................ 703 Artcarved Bridal Jewelry.

Suna ............................................................ 801 Suna Bros., Inc.

Sunburst ...................................................... 704 Sunburst Jewelers.

Suncoast ...................................................... 803 Suncoast Gem.

Sunshine ...................................................... 783 Shrarlol Sunshine.

Sutter’s ........................................................ 420 Sutter’s.

Swanson ...................................................... 684 Swanson Jewelers, Inc.

Sweet ........................................................... 172 Howard H. Sweet & Son.

Symmetry .................................................... 254 Symmetry Jewelers.

Tallmon’s ..................................................... 258 Tallmon’s Diamondland.

Talner .......................................................... 448 Leonard Talner Jewelers, Inc.

Tanner ......................................................... 192 O.C. Tanner.

Tavernier ..................................................... 781 Tavernier Enterprises.

Taylor ........................................................... 2 Grady G. Taylor Jewelry, Inc.

Terry ............................................................ 279 Terry & Bess.

Thomas Joseph ........................................... 320 Thomas Joseph & Sons.

Tiffany .......................................................... 761 Tiffany & Co.

Tiga .............................................................. 66 Tiga, Inc.

TIGA ............................................................ 412 TIGA Inc.

Toback ......................................................... 645 Myron Toback, Inc.

Toby’s .......................................................... 648 Toby’s Gems & Treasures.

Toenniges .................................................... 190 Toenniges Jewelers, Inc.

Tompkins ..................................................... 346 Tompkins, Inc.

Towne .......................................................... 284 Towne Jewelers.

TQ ................................................................ 400 TQ Diamonds.

Traditional .................................................... 526 Traditional Jewelers.

Tripp ............................................................ 138 Tripp Jewelry & Sculpture.

Tripton ......................................................... 368 Tripton Fine Jewelry, Inc.

Turgeon ....................................................... 609 Turgeon Raine Jewellers, Inc.

Turi .............................................................. 446 Charles Turi Jewelry Co.

Tyrony .......................................................... 356 Tyrony Jewelers.

Underwood’s ................................................ 244 Underwood’s Fine Jewelers.

Underwood’s ................................................ 477 Underwood’s Fine Jewelers.

Unique ......................................................... 227 Unique Designs.

Unsigned ..................................................... 402 Unsigned Letter.

Upton ........................................................... 432 Bill Upton.

Urban ........................................................... 574 Urban Jewelers.

Valente ........................................................ 771 Valente Jewelers.

Ventro .......................................................... 625 Donaldo & Heidi Ventro.

Village Goldsmith ........................................ 804 The Village Goldsmith, Inc.

Village .......................................................... 520 Village Coin Shop, Inc.

Vincent ......................................................... 389 S. Vincent Jeweler, Inc.

Vista’s .......................................................... 53 Vista’s Fine Jewelry.

Vulcan’s ....................................................... 265 Vulcan’s Forge.

Wachler ....................................................... 7 David Wachler & Sons Jewellers.

Wachler ....................................................... 363 David Wachler & Sons Jewellers.

Wachler ....................................................... 8 David Wachler & Sons Jewellers.

Walters ........................................................ 410 Walters & Hogsett.

Walzel .......................................................... 200 Cherryll Walzel Collections.

Ward ............................................................ 685 Krinkle Horn.

Warner ......................................................... 522 Warner Co. Jewelers.

Watkins ........................................................ 628 John Watkins.

Watkins ........................................................ 616 John Watkins.

Wayne ......................................................... 688 Wayne Jewelers & Silversmiths, Inc.

Wayne ......................................................... 76 Wayne Jewelers & Silversmiths, Inc.

Westphal ...................................................... 331 Westphal Jewelers.

White ........................................................... 351 Jeffrey H. White.

Whitney Boin ............................................... 744 Whitney Boin Studio.

Whitney ........................................................ 748 The Whitney Way.

Williams ....................................................... 187 Williams Jewelers.

Williams ....................................................... 77 Williams Distinctive Gems.

Willowdale ................................................... 242 Willowdale Studio.

Wilson .......................................................... 304 Wilson Fine Jewelers.

Wilson .......................................................... 570 Michael Wilson.

Wilson .......................................................... 225 Wilson Diamonds.

Wimberly ...................................................... 318 Wimberly Jewelers.

Winc ............................................................. 662 Winc Creations.

Winward ....................................................... 261 Winward Corporation.

Wolls ............................................................ 507 Fran Wolls.

Worthington ................................................. 503 Will Worthington Jewelers.
Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 67 / Tuesday, April 8, 1997 / Rules and Regulations 16687

1Commission rule 30.1(a), 17 CFR 30.1(a), defines

the term ‘‘foreign futures’’ as ‘‘any contract for the

purchase or sale of any commodity for future

delivery made, or to be made, on or subject to the

rules of any foreign board of trade.’’

Commission rule 30.1(b), 17 CFR 30.1(b), defines

the term ‘‘foreign option’’ as ‘‘any transaction or

agreement which is or is held out to be of the

character of, or is commonly known to the trade as,

an ‘‘option,’’ ‘‘privilege,’’ ‘‘indemnity,’’ ‘‘bid,’’

‘‘offer,’’ ‘‘put,’’ ‘‘call,’’ ‘‘advance guaranty,’’ or

‘‘decline guaranty,’’ made on or subject to the rules

of any foreign board of trade.’’

APPENDIX—LIST OF COMMENTERS AND ABBREVIATIONS—Continued

Abbreviation No. Commenter

Wright .......................................................... 259 Wright & Lato, Inc.

Wright’s ........................................................ 69 Wright’s Jewelers.

Wyman ........................................................ 358 Wyman Jewelers, Inc.

Yanke .......................................................... 717 Yanke Designs.

York ............................................................. 756 Christine York.

Zane ............................................................ 542 Zane Design.

Zerbe ........................................................... 293 Zerbe Jewelers Inc.

Zimmer ........................................................ 230 Zimmer Brothers.

Zoltan ........................................................... 134 Zoltan David.

[FR Doc. 97–8942 Filed 4–7–97; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6750–01–P

COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING

COMMISSION

17 CFR Part 30

Foreign Futures and Option

Transactions

AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading

Commission.

ACTION: Order.

SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures

Trading Commission (‘‘Commission’’ or

‘‘CFTC’’), subject to the conditions

specified below, is:

granting an exemption to designated

members of the MEFF Sociedad Rectora de

Productos Financieros Derivados de Renta

Variable (the ‘‘Exchange’’ or ‘‘MEFF Renta

Variable’’) of Spain from the application of

certain of the Commission’s foreign futures

and option rules based on substituted

compliance with certain comparable

regulatory and self-regulatory requirements

of a foreign regulatory authority.

This Order is issued pursuant to

Commission rule 30.10, 17 CFR 30.10,

which allows certain persons to petition

the Commission for exemption from the

application of certain of the rules set

forth in Part 30, and authorizes the

Commission to grant such petition if the

exemption is not otherwise contrary to

the public interest or to the purposes of

the provisions from which exemption is

sought.

EFFECTIVE DATE: May 8, 1997.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jane

C. Kang, Esq., or Robert H. Rosenfeld,

Esq., Division of Trading and Markets,

Commodity Futures Trading

Commission, Three Lafayette Centre,

1155 21st Street, N.W., Washington,

D.C. 20581. Telephone: (202) 418–5430.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On July

23, 1987, the Commission adopted final

rules governing the domestic offer and

sale of commodity futures and option

contracts traded on or subject to the

rules of a foreign board of trade. 52 FR

28980 (August 5, 1987). These rules,

which are codified in Part 30 of the

Commission’s regulations, 17 CFR Part

30, generally extend the Commission’s

existing customer protection regulations

for products offered or sold on contract

markets in the United States to foreign

futures and option products 1 sold to

United States customers by imposing

requirements with respect to

registration, disclosure, capital

adequacy, protection of customer funds,

recordkeeping and reporting, sales

practice and compliance procedures

that are generally comparable to those

applicable to wholly domestic

transactions.

In formulating a regulatory program to

govern the offer and sale of foreign

futures and option products to United

States customers, the Commission,

among other things, considers the

potential extraterritorial impact of such

a program and the desirability of

avoiding duplicative regulation of firms

engaged in international business. Based

upon these considerations, the

Commission, as set forth in Commission

rule 30.10, determined to permit

persons located outside the United

States and subject to a comparable

regulatory structure in the jurisdiction

in which they are located to seek an

exemption from certain of the

requirements imposed by the Part 30

rules based upon substituted

compliance with the comparable

regulatory requirements imposed by the

foreign jurisdiction.

In issuing orders under rule 30.10, the

Commission evaluates whether the

particular foreign regulatory program

provides a basis for permitting

substituted compliance for purposes of

exemptive relief pursuant to

Commission rule 30.10. The specific

elements examined are set forth in

Appendix A to Part 30, ‘‘Interpretative

Statement With Respect to the

Commission’s Exemptive Authority

Under Section 30.10 of Its Rules’’

(‘‘Appendix A’’). 17 CFR Part 30,

Appendix A. These elements include:

(1) Registration, authorization or other

form of licensing, fitness review or

qualification of persons (both

individuals and firms) through which

customer orders are solicited and

accepted; (2) minimum financial

requirements for those persons who

accept customer funds; (3) protection of

customer funds from misapplication; (4)

minimum sales practice standards,

including the disclosure of the risks of

futures transactions; (5) recordkeeping

and reporting requirements; (6)

procedures to audit for compliance

with, and to take action against those

persons who violate, the requirements

of the program; and (7) the existence of

appropriate information-sharing

arrangements. The Commission may

apply additional conditions to ensure

that brokers licensed under other

regulatory regimes are not permitted to

solicit U.S. customers while effectively

evading U.S. requirements, such as

those relative to statutory

disqualification.

Moreover, the Commission

specifically stated in adopting rule

30.10 that no exemption based on

substituted compliance of a general

nature would be granted unless the

persons to whom the exemption is to be

applied: (1) Consent to jurisdiction in

the United States and designate an agent

for service of process in the United

States with respect to transactions

subject to Part 30 by filing a copy of the

relevant agency agreement with the

National Futures Association (‘‘NFA’’);

(2) agree to make their books and

records available in the United States to

Commission and Department of Justice

representatives; and (3) notify NFA of