Released: August 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

Table 7.8 Number of Establishments by Quantity of Purchased Electricity, Natural Gas, and Steam, 2018;

Level: National Data;Row: NAICS Codes;

Column: Supplier Sources of Purchased Electricity, Natural Gas, and Steam;

Unit: Establishment Counts.

NAICS Code(a) Subsector and Industry

Any

Electricity(b)

Electricity from

Only Local

Utility(c)

Electricity from Only

Sources Other than

Local Utility(d)

Electricity from

Both Local Utility

and Other Sources

Any

Natural

Gas(b)

Natural Gas from

Only Local

Utility(c)

Natural Gas from

Only Sources

Other than Local

Utility(d)

Natural Gas

from Both Local

Utility and Other

Sources

Any

Steam(b)

S

Total United States

311 Food 15,796 13,139 2,435 222 12,813 6,932 5,525 355 33 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 611 505 93 13 508 219 276 14 14 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 52 35 D D 46 D 34 D 6 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 70 61 D D 62 14 42 6 D 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 1,045 817 204 24 888 430 425 33 D 

3115 Dairy Product 1,036 776 250 9 916 403 488 25 8 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 1,842 1,423 398 21 1,527 691 823 14 6 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 3,938 3,232 697 9 1,809 1,089 675 45 D 

3121 Beverages 3,853 3,169 675 9 1,756 1,055 D D D 

3122 Tobacco 85 64 21 0 53 34 D D 0 

313 Textile Mills 1,352 865 469 18 819 561 231 Q 5

314 Textile Product Mills 4,116 2,992 1,085 Q 2,016 1,297 720 0 0 

315 Apparel 3,644 2,887 757 0 1,060 517 Q 00 

316 Leather and Allied Products 655 552 103 0 284 118 163 4 0 

321 Wood Products 9,229 7,022 2,192 15 4,606 2,595 1,969 42 11 

321113 Sawmills 1,782 1,409 366 7 411 186 219 6 5 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 1,079 875 D D 794 370 416 8 D 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 158 126 D D 127 D 82 D D 

3219 Other Wood Products 6,089 4,542 D D 3,232 1,954 1,255 Q D

322 Paper 3,009 2,283 597 129 2,662 1,387 1,204 71 18 

322110 Pulp Mills 28 23 5 0 27 8 19 0 D 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 156 90 57 10 147 32 D D 9 

322122 Newsprint Mills 11 11 0 0 9 0 D D 0 322130 Paperboard Mills 143 108 30 5 137 33 99 5 D 

323 Printing and Related Support 12,534 9,385 3,057 Q 8,458 4,919 3,375 Q 0

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 1,878 1,338 514 25 1,191 386 758 47 53 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 135 92 D D 128 22 94 12 47 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 1,288 949 326 12 724 241 452 30 0 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 168 103 65 0 156 49 107 0 0 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 211 139 72 0 127 D 66 D D 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 76 55 D D 56 D 39 D D 

325 Chemicals 8,829 6,612 2,081 137 7,120 3,468 3,524 128 298 

325110 Petrochemicals 66 44 D D 49 D 43 D 15 

325120 Industrial Gases 484 427 D D 240 D 87 D 4 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 501 386 110 5 416 182 228 6 67 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 207 168 37 3 199 27 168 3 11 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 61 54 D D 56 D 44 D 8 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 524 286 225 13 473 120 338 15 78 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 813 547 255 11 669 239 408 22 73 325212 Synthetic Rubber 87 60 27 0 76 D 39 D 11 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 99 69 30 0 83 D 36 D 0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 147 127 Q 0 139 91 48 0 D 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 55 44 11 0 34 D 19 D 0 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 1,297 935 333 29 1,055 617 409 29 7 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 687 501 163 Q 531 301 219 11 4 

325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 108 69 D D 87 D 28 D 3 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 8,317 6,208 1,871 238 5,532 3,199 2,301 Q 0

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 12,035 9,086 2,838 111 7,131 3,976 2,838 316 26 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 415 281 120 14 361 137 216 8 0 

327211 Flat Glass 60 44 16 0 40 9 26 4 0 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 164 103 D D 148 59 83 6 0 

327213 Glass Containers 57 37 D D 56 D 51 D 0 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 686 525 153 Q 534 327 201 Q 0

327310 Cements 187 98 D D 121 D 84 D 0 

327410 Lime 86 71 15 0 49 24 25 0 0 

Electricity Components Natural Gas Components 
327420 Gypsum 148 102 46 0 135 D 74 D 0 

327993 Mineral Wool 191 115 D D 164 62 102 0 D 

331 Primary Metals 3,226 2,215 919 92 2,833 1,152 1,608 73 5 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 390 273 112 5 337 111 221 5 D 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 498 297 156 Q 435 183 243 9 0 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 399 273 115 11 356 107 238 11 0 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 109 63 43 3 98 D 73 D 0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 65 41 19 4 62 24 38 0 0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 191 146 D D 162 D 97 D 0 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 651 476 169 6 572 256 309 7 D 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 107 83 21 3 92 52 39 0 0 

3315 Foundries 1,288 895 367 25 1,134 494 598 42 0 

331511 Iron Foundries 373 294 71 8 329 182 139 7 0 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 257 170 79 Q 250 88 152 10 0 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 277 173 98 6 204 77 120 8 0 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 37,801 28,413 9,149 Q 23,099 12,585 10,478 Q 8

333 Machinery 14,919 10,454 4,337 Q 9,986 5,588 4,326 Q 0334 Computer and Electronic Products 6,573 5,247 1,146 180 3,802 2,202 1,582 Q D 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 344 280 59 5 146 54 78 Q D

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 3,295 2,467 811 Q 2,119 1,057 1,032 Q Q 

336 Transportation Equipment 7,032 5,166 1,696 170 4,565 2,433 1,969 163 8 

336111 Automobiles 71 50 17 4 59 23 36 0 D 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 69 59 10 0 52 26 26 0 0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 1,199 878 307 14 769 405 339 25 D 

336411 Aircraft 347 307 D D 216 128 83 5 0 

337 Furniture and Related Products 8,128 6,494 1,621 Q 4,276 2,604 1,668 Q 0

339 Miscellaneous 13,589 11,119 2,413 Q 7,015 4,415 2,508 Q D

Total 179,894 137,175 40,788 1,931 113,197 62,480 48,995 1,722 488 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) Any Energy Source (that is, electricity, natural gas, steam) represents the non‐duplicative total of establishments identified with this particular energy source. This count includes only those establishments that reported this activity in 2018.

(c) A Local Utility is an entity that produces and/or delivers a particular energy source (for example, electricity, natural gas, steam) and is legally obligated to provide service to the general public within its franchise area.

(d) Sources Other than Local Utility include independent producers, brokers, marketers, and marketing subsidiaries of utilities; for the case of electricity sources, also include small power producers and cogenerators not located at the establishment site.

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

NA=Not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Purchased energy sources exclude quantities delivered from any other establishment(s) in the company, quantities transferred from other establishments of the company for which payment was not ma

quantities purchased centrally within the company but separate from the reporting establishment, and quantities for which payment was made in‐kind.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20‐260).
Released: August 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

RSE Table 7.8 Relative Standard Errors for Table 7.8;

Unit: Percents.

NAICS Code(a) Subsector and Industry

Any

Electricity(b)

Electricity from

Only Local

Utility(c)

Electricity from Only

Sources Other than

Local Utility(d)

Electricity from Both

Local Utility and

Other Sources

Any

Natural

Gas(b)

Natural Gas from

Only Local Utility(c)

Natural Gas from

Only Sources Other

than Local Utility(d)

Natural Gas from

Both Local Utility and

Other Sources

Any

Steam(b)

Total United States

311 Food 0.1 1.3 5.3 11.8 1.5 4.6 3.0 8.0 3.6 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 0.0 2.0 7.1 12.8 2.9 10.0 4.6 16.3 4.5 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 0.0 D D 0.0 D 0.0 D 0.0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 0.0 D D 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 0.1 4.9 19.0 38.5 5.8 13.9 12.0 23.7 D 

3115 Dairy Product 0.0 3.9 12.0 25.3 3.9 12.8 9.3 23.5 31.3 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 0.0 4.3 15.4 32.3 4.4 11.2 9.3 21.4 44.4 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 0.0 1.7 6.4 23.5 3.4 4.9 6.8 28.2 D 

3121 Beverages 0.0 3.3 15.6 23.5 8.2 12.0 D D D 

3122 Tobacco 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 D D X 

313 Textile Mills 0.5 8.2 15.1 39.4 9.3 13.8 22.6 50.7 33.7 314 Textile Product Mills 0.0 12.2 33.5 76.7 19.9 28.4 41.6 X X 315 Apparel 5.6 12.6 43.6 X 32.4 44.2 52.0 X X 316 Leather and Allied Products 0.0 6.6 35.1 X 19.7 35.1 29.9 48.2 X 

321 Wood Products 0.4 2.9 10.0 11.7 4.5 9.2 9.4 23.5 12.1 

321113 Sawmills 0.0 2.6 10.1 0.0 11.1 11.5 18.8 0.0 0.0 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 0.2 3.6 D D 5.5 13.2 13.6 10.0 D 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.0 4.9 D D 7.9 D 19.7 D D 

3219 Other Wood Products 1.8 5.7 D D 9.0 13.6 17.9 97.0 D 

322 Paper 0.0 1.2 4.4 16.0 1.0 5.1 1.9 5.6 0.0 

322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 X D 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D D 0.0 322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 X D D X 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D 

323 Printing and Related Support 0.6 4.5 13.6 87.2 5.4 9.6 12.6 68.3 X 324 Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 3.4 7.8 1.3 2.5 6.1 3.3 2.6 0.7 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 0.0 D D 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 0.0 3.1 9.0 15.6 5.4 9.4 6.9 15.0 X 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 0.0 12.9 20.6 X 1.4 12.9 7.5 X X 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 0.0 12.0 23.1 X 14.4 D 19.8 D D 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 0.0 D D 0.0 D 0.0 D D 

325 Chemicals 0.4 1.7 4.8 13.3 1.5 5.0 3.2 7.8 6.0 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 0.0 D D 0.0 D 0.0 D 0.0 

325120 Industrial Gases 5.7 6.7 D D 16.4 D 20.0 D 12.1 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 0.0 6.0 21.0 9.4 7.9 18.0 13.7 43.7 36.2 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 0.0 1.6 6.7 29.1 1.1 12.5 2.4 4.1 20.0 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 0.0 D D 0.0 D 0.0 D 0.0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 0.0 9.7 12.4 32.6 2.7 16.7 7.3 21.4 15.3 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 0.0 7.2 15.4 28.5 6.1 13.9 10.9 24.1 26.1 

325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 D 0.0 D 0.0 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 D 0.0 D X 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 0.4 10.4 64.2 X 2.6 27.8 45.4 X D 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 D 0.0 D X 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 2.0 6.3 16.3 41.3 5.7 10.7 13.9 38.0 8.1 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 4.0 9.0 23.6 53.0 9.3 15.6 17.4 35.3 10.8 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0.0 13.1 D D 10.6 D 19.0 D 18.8 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 0.0 4.9 15.5 49.5 6.1 10.7 13.2 60.0 X 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 0.0 3.0 6.7 11.6 1.9 6.6 4.6 9.7 26.2 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 0.0 7.1 16.5 14.8 5.8 13.7 10.4 8.6 X 

327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 0.0 16.4 D D 5.0 27.8 20.8 31.9 X 

327213 Glass Containers 0.0 0.0 D D 0.0 D 0.0 D X 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 0.0 6.6 22.6 53.4 6.4 13.4 17.9 64.9 X 327310 Cements 0.0 18.0 D D 14.8 D 20.8 D X 

327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 

327420 Gypsum 0.0 9.9 22.0 X 4.0 D 16.8 D X 

327993 Mineral Wool 0.0 17.4 D D 5.3 22.6 19.2 X D 

331 Primary Metals 0.0 2.1 4.9 17.1 1.4 4.9 2.8 9.5 0.0 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 0.0 10.9 18.6 65.4 4.0 16.3 12.8 44.6 X 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0.0 3.3 7.5 2.0 1.6 6.3 2.6 18.5 X 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 0.0 14.2 21.7 13.1 1.4 D 6.8 D X 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 

Electricity Components Natural Gas Components 
331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 0.0 3.5 D D 6.6 D 10.0 D X 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 0.0 4.3 13.1 15.6 3.9 13.3 11.0 39.4 D 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0.0 5.3 18.0 18.0 3.0 18.9 18.0 X X 

3315 Foundries 0.0 4.2 9.9 31.9 3.2 8.6 6.4 12.3 X 

331511 Iron Foundries 0.0 6.1 23.6 20.8 7.1 19.8 21.4 18.1 X 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 0.0 5.4 11.0 80.3 0.6 13.6 7.8 23.5 X 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 0.0 13.9 25.2 27.5 12.4 17.8 14.1 13.2 X 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 0.4 3.6 10.9 66.8 4.9 8.7 9.9 86.5 0.0 333 Machinery 0.0 4.3 10.2 69.9 4.6 8.5 10.3 93.5 X 334 Computer and Electronic Products 0.6 3.5 15.3 31.7 9.8 15.2 14.3 79.7 D 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 0.0 4.9 22.0 41.9 19.9 37.5 22.8 81.1 D 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 0.0 8.2 24.8 79.3 11.5 21.2 20.7 97.4 61.5 

336 Transportation Equipment 0.2 2.1 7.6 18.2 3.9 6.7 5.0 26.8 2.1 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X D 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 0.0 4.3 15.6 9.9 10.1 15.3 13.5 21.9 D 

336411 Aircraft 0.0 3.4 D D 18.0 25.5 21.1 19.1 X 

337 Furniture and Related Products 1.5 4.7 17.7 71.5 8.7 13.1 17.1 82.9 X 

339 Miscellaneous 0.7 3.7 16.8 61.6 7.7 11.4 16.5 96.5 D 

Total 0.1 0.7 2.2 6.3 0.7 2.0 1.4 3.9 3.4 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) Any Energy Source (that is, electricity, natural gas, steam) represents the non‐duplicative total of establishments identified with this particular energy source. This count includes only those establishments that reported this activity in 2018.

(c) A Local Utility is an entity that produces and/or delivers a particular energy source (for example, electricity, natural gas, steam) and is legally obligated to provide service to the general public within its franchise area.

(d) Sources Other than Local Utility include independent producers, brokers, marketers, and marketing subsidiaries of utilities; for the case of electricity sources, also include small power producers and cogenerators not located at the establishment site.

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a data table value of zero.

NA=Not available.Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Purchased energy sources exclude quantities delivered from any other establishment(s) in the company, quantities transferred from other establishments of the company for which payment was not made, quantities

purchased centrally within the company but separate from the reporting establishment, and quantities for which payment was made in‐kind.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20‐260).