Release date: April 2015

Revised date: May 2016

Heat

pumps Furnaces

Individual 

space 

heaters

District

heat Boilers

Packaged 

heating 

units Other

All buildings 5,557 4,722 628 755 1,247 48 544 2,802 62

Building floorspace (square feet)

1,001 to 5,000 2,777 2,257 286 359 612 Q 128 1,259 Q

5,001 to 10,000 1,229 1,046 147 194 281 Q 99 628 Q

10,001 to 25,000 884 797 93 140 195 Q 123 511 Q

25,001 to 50,000 332 304 46 40 84 6 75 202 Q

50,001 to 100,000 199 187 39 15 41 10 69 120 8

100,001 to 200,000 90 86 12 5 21 9 31 55 Q

200,001 to 500,000 38 36 5 2 11 5 17 21 Q

Over 500,000 8 8 1 (*) 2 2 3 4 Q

Principal building activity

Education 389 379 62 26 45 12 96 223 Q

Food sales 177 160 Q Q 31 N Q 111 Q

Food service 380 359 32 53 52 Q 23 251 Q

Health care 157 153 24 23 32 2 23 101 Q

 Inpatient 10 9 2 (*) 2 1 6 5 Q

 Outpatient 147 144 21 22 29 Q 17 97 N

Lodging 158 153 39 21 60 4 38 55 Q

Mercantile 602 572 83 89 136 Q 59 402 13

Retail (other than mall) 438 412 53 52 96 Q 35 257 Q

Enclosed and strip malls 164 160 31 37 39 Q 24 145 11

Office 1,012 989 157 196 234 12 110 560 Q

Public assembly 352 330 42 61 80 7 41 183 Q

Public order and safety 84 81 Q Q 24 Q 14 43 Q

Religious worship 412 408 52 91 89 N 61 236 Q

Service 619 528 43 70 259 Q 30 285 Q

Warehouse and storage 796 420 53 58 150 Q 18 246 Q

Other 125 100 Q Q 39 Q 14 58 Q

Vacant 296 87 Q Q Q Q 13 48 Q

Year constructed

Before 1920 362 322 29 61 113 5 58 161 Q

1920 to 1945 488 413 38 50 136 7 74 221 Q

1946 to 1959 599 517 70 76 170 5 75 283 Q

1960 to 1969 639 559 61 88 160 9 91 343 Q

1970 to 1979 684 599 57 107 185 10 59 370 Q

1980 to 1989 915 754 126 138 167 2 49 442 Q

1990 to 1999 845 675 102 118 139 3 50 421 11

2000 to 2003 375 322 42 52 60 4 35 201 Q

2004 to 2007 347 291 58 29 58 2 26 196 Q

2008 to 2012 303 270 46 36 60 Q 28 163 Q

Table B38. Heating equipment, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Buildings 

with 

space 

heating

Heating equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings
Heat

pumps Furnaces

Individual 

space 

heaters

District

heat Boilers

Packaged 

heating 

units Other

All buildings 5,557 4,722 628 755 1,247 48 544 2,802 62

Table B38. Heating equipment, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Buildings 

with 

space 

heating

Heating equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings

Census region and division

Northeast 805 727 48 85 239 16 221 347 Q

New England 302 264 14 27 92 Q 87 112 Q

Middle Atlantic 504 463 34 58 147 9 134 235 Q

Midwest 1,237 1,096 53 252 340 7 148 644 22

East North Central 735 670 23 159 184 3 101 410 Q

West North Central 502 426 31 92 157 4 47 235 Q

South 2,247 1,842 392 282 381 18 98 1,127 16

South Atlantic 1,091 873 279 87 162 9 52 504 Q

East South Central 370 336 51 58 88 Q 15 225 Q

West South Central 786 633 62 137 131 5 30 399 Q

West 1,267 1,057 134 137 287 7 77 683 14

Mountain 338 293 25 53 102 Q 25 178 Q

Pacific 929 764 109 84 185 5 52 505 Q

Climate region1

Very cold/Cold 2,031 1,792 99 313 612 18 332 991 37

Mixed-humid 1,743 1,545 324 272 389 20 135 871 13

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 837 676 96 78 135 4 38 471 Q

Hot-humid 799 593 91 79 76 Q 32 395 Q

Marine 147 116 Q Q 35 Q 7 74 Q

Number of floors

One 3,836 3,113 415 471 818 Q 184 1,904 42

Two 1,158 1,072 146 203 274 11 164 655 14

Three 374 355 37 61 106 10 119 168 Q

Four to nine 177 170 28 21 46 18 71 71 Q

Ten or more 13 12 3 Q 3 3 6 4 Q

Number of workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 2,892 2,184 246 330 672 Q 182 1,171 Q

5 to 9 1,085 1,020 159 186 239 Q 79 618 Q

10 to 19 731 692 85 142 149 Q 77 458 Q

20 to 49 513 494 81 69 114 11 88 342 10

50 to 99 206 203 38 23 46 7 58 139 Q

100 to 249 93 92 13 5 18 7 44 55 2

250 or more 37 37 5 1 8 6 16 18 Q

Weekly operating hours

Fewer than 40 1,149 815 108 156 215 Q 77 416 Q

40 to 48 1,346 1,230 162 212 343 7 114 712 Q

49 to 60 1,244 1,143 153 188 340 11 138 672 Q

61 to 84 764 672 100 87 167 9 97 453 9

85 to 167 479 414 40 53 69 6 40 301 13

Open continuously 575 448 65 60 113 11 77 248 Q
Heat

pumps Furnaces

Individual 

space 

heaters

District

heat Boilers

Packaged 

heating 

units Other

All buildings 5,557 4,722 628 755 1,247 48 544 2,802 62

Table B38. Heating equipment, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Buildings 

with 

space 

heating

Heating equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings

Ownership and occupancy

Nongovernment owned 4,781 4,028 507 681 1,068 22 405 2,443 55

Owner occupied 2,466 2,198 286 378 585 13 243 1,249 26

Leased to tenant(s) 1,745 1,458 164 236 383 Q 120 969 26

Owner occupied and leased 349 325 54 57 91 2 38 201 Q

Unoccupied 221 47 Q Q Q Q Q 25 Q

Government owned 776 694 121 74 179 26 139 359 Q

Federal 33 33 Q Q Q 1 7 20 Q

State 185 168 28 19 45 18 31 84 Q

Local 558 493 90 51 126 7 102 255 Q

Party responsible for operation

and maintenance of energy

systems

Building owner 4,715 3,983 541 631 1,052 45 489 2,291 50

Business owner or tenant 724 634 66 110 173 Q 42 448 11

Property management 54 43 Q Q 8 Q Q 28 Q

Other 64 63 Q Q Q Q 11 34 N

Provider of direct input on energyrelated equipment purchases

Building owner 4,876 4,120 565 665 1,078 45 497 2,394 51

Business owner or tenant 540 472 40 75 143 Q 33 326 9

Property management 35 32 Q Q 6 Q Q 22 Q

Other 106 99 19 Q 21 Q 13 61 Q

Campus or complex activity

Not part of a campus or complex 3,683 3,272 388 547 872 Q 357 2,000 48

Primary or secondary school 237 223 40 10 32 Q 28 149 Q

College or university 84 81 15 Q 10 22 19 30 Q

Office complex 154 148 21 30 33 Q 11 82 Q

Retail complex 258 225 34 41 60 N 18 162 8

Storage complex 314 69 Q Q 28 N Q 29 N

Religious campus or complex 197 190 28 36 30 Q 37 103 N

Health care complex 52 47 Q 9 9 Q 10 24 Q

Lodging or resort complex 65 57 11 Q 25 Q 9 15 N

Transportation complex 35 32 Q Q 14 Q Q 16 N

Government complex 104 83 14 Q 31 2 19 39 Q

Other 371 296 56 51 104 Q 28 152 Q
Heat

pumps Furnaces

Individual 

space 

heaters

District

heat Boilers

Packaged 

heating 

units Other

All buildings 5,557 4,722 628 755 1,247 48 544 2,802 62

Table B38. Heating equipment, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Buildings 

with 

space 

heating

Heating equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings

Renovations in buildings

constructed before 2008

(more than one may apply)

Any type of renovation 2,094 1,943 260 332 558 27 290 1,182 26

Addition or annex 444 425 69 91 109 4 72 265 Q

Reduction in floorspace 71 63 7 Q 18 Q 10 40 Q

Roof replacement 987 912 114 167 259 12 164 533 14

Exterior wall replacement 194 181 27 31 57 1 27 111 Q

Interior wall reconfiguration 889 832 115 151 244 14 125 526 7

Window replacement 560 536 83 106 163 6 110 315 Q

HVAC equipment upgrade 1,101 1,050 167 209 301 17 174 659 13

Lighting upgrade 982 924 139 160 260 18 162 571 11

Electrical upgrade 747 696 104 118 214 11 120 430 Q

Plumbing system upgrade 644 603 85 104 179 8 105 378 Q

Insulation upgrade 382 363 62 81 105 6 65 221 Q

Fire, safety, or security upgrade 616 582 84 97 176 12 106 366 Q

Structural upgrade 152 150 23 27 43 Q 31 88 Q

Other 39 30 Q Q 13 Q Q 19 Q

No renovations 3,160 2,509 322 387 629 19 227 1,457 31

Buildings constructed 2008 or later 303 270 46 36 60 Q 28 163 Q

Energy sources 

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 5,234 4,717 628 755 1,246 48 543 2,802 60

Natural gas 2,933 2,888 233 550 774 17 409 1,901 36

Fuel oil 467 455 44 42 177 10 139 218 Q

District heat 48 48 3 Q 9 48 Q 3 Q

District chilled water 54 51 Q Q 7 26 9 16 Q

Propane 510 491 49 95 195 Q 58 250 19

Other 172 172 29 25 93 1 28 77 Q

Space-heating energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 2,858 2,858 611 366 868 12 225 1,785 46

Natural gas 2,612 2,612 188 530 722 2 390 1,717 34

Fuel oil 270 270 18 20 118 Q 85 116 Q

District heat 48 48 3 Q 9 48 Q 3 Q

Propane 342 342 26 72 146 Q 31 181 Q

Other 101 101 Q Q 72 Q Q 30 Q

Primary space-heating

energy source

Electricity 1,819 1,819 484 191 392 Q 83 1,057 14

Natural gas 2,322 2,322 117 485 622 Q 355 1,506 27

Fuel oil 205 205 Q Q 81 Q 71 85 Q

District heat 47 47 2 Q 8 47 Q 3 Q

Propane 261 261 Q 59 96 N 23 135 Q

Other 67 67 Q Q 47 N Q Q Q
Heat

pumps Furnaces

Individual 

space 

heaters

District

heat Boilers

Packaged 

heating 

units Other

All buildings 5,557 4,722 628 755 1,247 48 544 2,802 62

Table B38. Heating equipment, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Buildings 

with 

space 

heating

Heating equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings

Energy end uses 

(more than one may apply)

Buildings with space heating 4,722 4,722 628 755 1,247 48 544 2,802 62

Buildings with cooling 4,461 4,272 621 728 1,007 44 483 2,633 55

Buildings with water heating 4,423 4,237 581 711 1,072 45 521 2,575 50

Buildings with cooking 1,589 1,525 205 280 352 14 259 950 36

Buildings with manufacturing 259 234 25 36 85 Q 20 157 Q

Buildings with electricity

generation 410 400 59 52 120 15 118 232 8

Percent of floorspace heated

Not heated 835 N N N N N N N N

1 to 50 697 697 81 76 233 Q 34 381 Q

51 to 99 727 727 99 104 210 7 102 456 13

100 3,298 3,298 448 575 805 40 407 1,965 39

Heating equipment (more than one 

may apply)

Heat pumps 628 628 628 53 110 3 49 150 Q

Furnaces 755 755 53 755 179 Q 33 178 Q

Individual space heaters 1,247 1,247 110 179 1,247 9 120 476 22

District heat 48 48 3 Q 9 48 Q 3 Q

Boilers 544 544 49 33 120 Q 544 163 Q

Packaged heating units 2,802 2,802 150 178 476 3 163 2,802 26

Other 62 62 Q Q 22 Q Q 26 62

Cooling equipment (more than one 

may apply)

Residential-type central air 

conditioners 1,546 1,476 86 530 325 Q 119 870 24

Heat pumps 692 685 549 60 124 2 55 249 Q

Individual air conditioners 709 643 46 92 352 6 133 258 Q

District chilled water 54 51 Q Q 7 26 9 16 Q

Central chillers 163 158 13 10 32 8 106 69 Q

Packaged air conditioning units 1,909 1,841 118 194 338 11 203 1,589 23

Swamp coolers 109 99 8 Q 55 Q 12 57 Q

Other Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q N

Main equipment replaced since 1990 

(more than one may apply)

Heating 1,874 1,874 291 318 530 Q 237 1,103 20

Cooling 1,971 1,879 293 353 514 11 234 1,095 22

HVAC conservation features 

(more than one may apply)

Economizer cycle 601 589 91 60 118 23 137 427 8

Regular HVAC maintenance 3,178 3,078 465 509 565 40 446 2,012 35

Building automation system (BAS)2 781 768 110 77 117 30 186 523 15
Heat

pumps Furnaces

Individual 

space 

heaters

District

heat Boilers

Packaged 

heating 

units Other

All buildings 5,557 4,722 628 755 1,247 48 544 2,802 62

Table B38. Heating equipment, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Buildings 

with 

space 

heating

Heating equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings

Equipment usage reduced when 

building not in full use 

(more than one may apply)

Heating 3,699 3,699 471 637 964 32 403 2,257 43

Cooling 3,517 3,391 463 602 799 31 374 2,136 44

Lighting 4,757 4,406 591 721 1,172 45 515 2,623 57

 1These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency 

and Renewable Energy (EERE). 

 2In earlier CBECS publications, BAS was referred to as Energy Management and Control System (EMCS) .

 Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

 N = No cases in reporting sample.

 Notes: ● Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. ● See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definition of 

terms used in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from 

http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 Commercial 

Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.