DOE/EIA-0584 (2007) 

 

Annual Coal Report 

2007 

February 2009 

Energy Information Administration 

Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric, and Alternate Fuels 

U.S. Department of Energy 

Washington, DC 20585 

_____________________________________________________________________________ 

This report is available on the Web at: 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/acr/acr.pdf

_____________________________________________ 

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical 

agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. The information contained herein should be not be construed as 

advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other organization. 
ii Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Contacts 

This publication was prepared by Fred Freme under the 

direction of Thomas Leckey, Director, Coal, Nuclear, 

and Renewable Fuels Division, and William Watson, 

Analysis Team Leader, within the Energy Information 

Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. Specific 

information about the data in this report can be obtained 

from Fred Freme at (202) 586-1251, or e-mail at 

Frederick.Freme@eia.doe.gov. Other questions on coal 

statistics should be directed to the National Energy 

Information Center at (202) 586-8800 or e-mail at 

infoctr@eia.doe.gov.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 iii

Preface 

The Annual Coal Report (ACR) provides information 

about U.S. coal production, number of mines, prices, 

productivity, employment, productive capacity, and 

recoverable reserves to a wide audience, including 

Congress, Federal and State agencies, the coal industry, 

and the general public. This report is published by the 

Energy Information Administration (EIA) to fulfill data 

collection and dissemination responsibilities as specified 

in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 

(Public Law 93-275), as amended. 

This report presents annual data on coal production, 

prices, recoverable reserves, employment, productivity, 

productive capacity, consumption, and stocks. U.S. coal 

production, employment, and productivity are based on 

the U.S. Department of Labor’s Mine Safety and Health 

Administration’s Form 7000-2, “Quarterly Mine 

Employment and Coal Production Report.” Prices, 

recoverable reserves, and productive capacity are based 

on EIA’s annual survey form, EIA-7A, “Coal Production 

Report.” 

This report is the 32nd annual report on coal production 

published by EIA and continues the series formerly 

included in the Minerals Yearbook published by the 

Bureau of Mines. 

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels 

acknowledges the cooperation of the respondents in 

supplying the information published in the Annual Coal 

Report and appreciates the valuable assistance of State 

coal mining agencies and the U.S. Department of Labor: 

Mine Safety and Health Administration. 
iv Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Contents 

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

Coal Production...................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Productive Capacity ............................................................................................................................................................... 26

Recoverable Reserves............................................................................................................................................................. 30

Employment ........................................................................................................................................................................... 36

Productivity ............................................................................................................................................................................ 42

Domestic Markets .................................................................................................................................................................. 50

Average Mine Sales Price ...................................................................................................................................................... 54

Average Consumer Prices ...................................................................................................................................................... 63

Glossary.................................................................................................................................................................................. 65
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 v

Tables 

1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2007-2006 ............................................................ 11

2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2007....................................................... 13

3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 2007............................................................................ 17

4. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 2007 ................................................................................... 18

5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2007 .................................................. 19

6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2007 ...................................................................... 20

7. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2007.................................................................................. 21

8. Coal Disposition by State, 2007.................................................................................................................................. 22

9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2007 ..................................................................................................................................... 23

10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2007................................................................................................................................ 24

11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2007, 2006........................................................................................... 27

12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2007, 2006........................................................................................... 28

13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method, 2007 ...... 29

14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2007, 2006 ............... 31

15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, 

and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2007 ........................................................................................ 32

16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines 

by State and Mining Method, 2007............................................................................................................................. 33

17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines 

by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2007 ...................................................................................................... 34

18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2007, 2006 ....................................................................... 37

19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 2007.... 38

20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2007 ..................... 40

21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2007, 2006................................................................................. 43

22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 2007 ............................................................. 45

23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2007.................................................. 46

24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2007 ................................................................... 48

25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2007................................................................................. 51

26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2007, 2006 ........................................... 52

27. Year-End Coal Stocks by Sector, by Census Division, 2007, 2006............................................................................ 53

28. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2007, 2006....................................................... 55

29. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2007 ................................... 56

30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2007 ....................................... 57

31. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2007 ................................................................. 60

32. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2007................................... 61

33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2007.............................................................................. 62

34. Average Price of Coal Delivered to End Use Sector by Census Division and State, 2007, 2006 ............................... 64
vi Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 1

Executive Summary 

Coal production in the United States in 2007 totaled 

1,146.6 million short tons (Table ES1), a decrease of 1.4 

percent, or 16.1 million short tons from the 2006 record 

level of 1,162.8 million short tons. Although coal 

production declined in 2007, U.S. total coal consumption 

increased for the year. Coal consumption in 2007 in the 

electric power sector was higher by 1.8 percent, while 

coking coal consumption decreased by 1.1 percent and 

the other industrial sector declined by 4.8 percent. (Note: 

All percentage change calculations are done at the shorttons level.) Total coal stocks increased during the year, 

as some consumers continued to rebuild their stockpiles 

that had been seriously depleted in 2005 due to 

transportation issues. 

The growth in coal consumption during the year was 

primarily a result of the weather-related increases in the 

demand for electricity in 2007. Total generation in the 

electric power sector (electric utilities and independent 

power producers) in the United States grew in 2007 by 

2.5 percent. Coal-based generation also increased, 

resulting in an 18.5-million-short-ton increase in coal 

consumed in the electric power sector. Coal use in the 

non-electricity sector decreased by 3.3 percent to a level 

of 82.9 million short tons. 

Coal prices in 2007 increased for both the mine-level 

prices and the consumer prices. Although the average 

delivered price of coal increased for most users in the 

United States in 2007, the increases were smaller than 

what had been experienced in 2006. In the domestic 

markets, the electric utility price-per-short-ton increase 

was 5.3 percent, while the increase was only 1.5 percent 

for independent power producers. Coking coal prices 

increased by 2.3 percent, while the average price for the 

other industrial sector increased by 5.3 percent in 2007. 

Production 

U.S. coal production decreased in 2007 by 1.4 percent to 

a level of 1,146.6 million short tons (Figure ES1 and 

Table ES1), 16.1 million short tons lower than the 2006 

production. Although total U.S. coal production was 

lower in 2007, only two of the three coal-producing 

regions had lower production while the other increased, 

but only marginally. Exclusive of refuse production, the 

Appalachian and Interior Regions had a decrease in their 

production levels in 2007 of 3.4 percent and 3.1 percent 

respectively, while the Western Region had an increase 

in coal production of 0.3 percent. In the amount of tons 

of coal produced, the decrease in the Appalachian 

Region production was 13.4 million short tons, while the 

decrease in Interior Region production in 2007 was 4.7 

million short tons. Coal production in the Western 

Region increased by 1.6 million short tons. 

Appalachian Region 

Coal production in the Appalachian Region declined for 

the second consecutive year in 2007, decreasing by 13.4 

million short tons, to end the year at 377.8 million short 

tons (Table ES2), a decline of 3.4 percent, a level only 

slightly greater than the 2003 production total. The 

decrease in 2007 in coal production in the Appalachian 

Region was primarily driven by two different issues. One 

issue was the production problems at a few of the larger 

mines in the region; and the other was ongoing lawsuits, 

principally in the central portion of the Appalachian 

Region, concerning the issuing of Federal permits that 

regulate the excavation and discharge of dredged and fill 

material into the waters of the United States. As a 

consequence of these lawsuits, new permits have not 

been issued as quickly as they had in the past thereby 

limiting some possible additional production. 

West Virginia, the largest coal-producing State in the 

Appalachian Region and the second largest in the United 

States, was one of the only two States in the region to 

have an increase in coal production in 2007. Total coal 

production increased slightly in West Virginia, by 0.7 

percent, in 2007 to end the year with 153.5 million short 

tons of production, 1.1 million short tons above the 2006 

level. Increases in coal production at Mettiki Coal’s 

Mountain View mine (a replacement mine for Mettiki’s 

depleted Maryland mine) of 2.2 million short tons and a 

full year’s production from Frasure Creek Mining’s new 

Mine No. 7 of 1.1 million short tons, helped to offset the 

declines in production experienced at Alpha Natural 

Resources’ Mountaineer Alma A mine of 1.0 million 

short tons and Consol Energy’s McElroy mine of 0.8 

million short tons. 

Eastern Kentucky produced 87.1 million short tons of 

coal in 2007, a decline of 7.0 percent or 6.5 million short 

tons, the largest tonnage decrease for any State in the 

Appalachian Region. Although the Locust Grove’s Elm 

Lick mine had an increase in 2007 of 1.3 million short 

tons in its first full year of production and three other 

mines had increases of over a half-a-million short tons, 

production decreases by numerous other mines,
2 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Figure ES1. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region, 2007 

(Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 2006) 

Regional totals do not include refuse recovery 

U.S. Total: 1,146.6 Million Short Tons (-1.4%) 

Western

621.0

(0.3%)

Interior

146.7

(-3.1%)

Appalachian

377.8

(-3.4%)

Source: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report, 2007, DOE/EIA-0584(2007) (Washington, DC, February 2009). 

including the 2007 idling of ICG’s Blackberry and Nally 

& Hamilton Enterprises’ Colliers Creek mines resulting 

in drops of 1.2 and 0.6 million short tons respectively, 

lead to the lower annual production in Eastern Kentucky 

for the year. 

Pennsylvania produced 65.0 million short tons, a 

decrease of 1.5 percent from 2006, or 1.0 million short 

tons. There was no single mine that accounted for the 

majority of the decline in coal production in 

Pennsylvania for the year, but the slight decreases of less 

than 0.3 million short tons experienced by Consol’s 

Bailey and Foundation’s Cumberland and Emerald mines 

were more than enough to offset the increases in coal 

production experienced by Consol’s Enlow Fork, Dana 

Mining’s 4 West, and Rosebud Mining’s Logansport 

mines. 

Coal production in Virginia decreased in 2007 by 4.4 

million short tons to a total of 25.3 million short tons, a 

decline of 14.8 percent. The decrease in coal production 

in Virginia was primarily a result of the lower production 

by Consol’s Buchanan mine that experienced a roof fall 

in July and was closed for the remainder of the year, 

resulting in a production level for the mine that was 43.7 

percent below the 2006 level. Ohio’s coal production 

declined slightly in 2007 by 0.6 percent to end the year at 

22.6 million short tons. 

Besides West Virginia, Alabama was the only other State 

in the Appalachian Region to have increased coal 

production in 2007 with a total of 19.3 million short tons 

for the year. The increase of 0.5 million short tons, or 2.6 

percent, was the result of higher coal production at the 

Jim Walter Resources’ No. 4 mine that helped replace 

the lost coal production from its No. 5 mine, which was 

abandoned due to the depletion of its reserves, and 

increased production from Drummond Company’s Shoal 

Creek mine. Tennessee had a slight decrease of 0.2 

million short tons in coal production in 2007 from its 

prior year level, resulting in a total of 2.7 million short 

tons. With the closing of Mettiki Coal’s Mettiki mine 

(the largest mine in the State) due to the depletion of coal 

reserves in 2007, total coal production in Maryland in 

2007 decreased by 54.5 percent to end the year at 2.3 

million short tons, the lowest level of any State in the 

Appalachian Region. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 3

Table ES1. U.S. Coal Supply, Disposition, and Prices, 2006-2007 

 (Million Short Tons and Dollars per Short Ton)

Item 2006 2007 

Production by Region 

 Appalachian 391.2 377.8 

 Interior 151.4 146.7 

 Western 619.4 621.0 

 Refuse Recovery 0.8 1.2 

Total 1,162.8 1,146.6 

Consumption by Sector 

 Electric Power 1,026.6 1,045.1 

 Coke Plants 23.0 22.7 

 Other Industrial Plants 59.5 56.6 

 Residential/Commercial 3.2 3.5 

Total 1,112.3 1,128.0 

 

Year-End Coal Stocks 

 Electric Power 141.0 151.2 

 Coke Plants 2.9 1.9 

 Other Industrial Plants 6.5 5.6 

 Producers/Distributors 36.5 34.0 

Total 186.9 192.8 

 

Average Delivered Price 

 Electric Utilities $34.26 $36.06 

 Independent Power Producers $33.04 $33.11 

 Coke Plants $92.87 $94.97 

 Other Industrial Plants $51.67 $54.42 

 

Average U.S. Open Market Mine Price $25.16 $26.20 

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Sum of stock changes and consumption may 

not equal production, primarily because the supply and disposition data are obtained from different surveys. 

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report 2007, tables 1; 26; 27; 28; and 34; DOE/EIA-0584 

(2007) (Washington, DC, February 2009). 

Interior Region 

The Interior Region experienced a decrease in coal 

production in 2007 of 4.7 million short tons, or 3.1 

percent, to end the year at a total of 146.7 million short 

tons. The decline in coal production in the Interior 

Region was primarily a result of the lower coal 

production in Texas, the largest coal-producing State in 

the region. In 2007 coal production in Texas was 41.9 

million short tons, a decline of 3.6 million short tons 

from the 2006 level. Although there was an increase in 

coal production at Luminant Mining’s Tatum mine of 1.1 

million short tons for the year, the decline of 2.6 million 

short tons at its Three Oaks mine and the suspension of 

coal production at its Winfield North mine resulted in 

lower coal production in Texas in 2007. 

Of the two States to register increases in 2007 coal 

production in the Interior Region, Western Kentucky 

accounted for almost all of the regional increase. Coal 

production in Western Kentucky increased 0.9 million 

short tons in 2007 to end the year at 28.2 million short 

tons, an increase of 3.6 percent. Although Armstrong 

Coal’s Big Run mine was idled at the end of 2006 with a 

resulting loss of over 1 million short tons of coal 

production, expansions at KenAmerican Resources’ 

Paradise No. 9 mine of 0.6 million short tons and 

Hopkins County Coal’s Elk Creek mine of 1.1 million 

short tons was more than enough to offset that loss. 

Arkansas, the Nation’s smallest coal producing State, 

was the only other State in the Interior Region to have 

higher production in 2007. Coal production in Arkansas 

increased to reach a total of 83 thousand short tons, 60 

thousand short tons higher than the 2006 level. 
4 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Indiana, the second-largest coal-producing State in the 

Interior Region, had a slight decrease of 0.3 percent in 

2007 to end the year with a total of 35.0 million short 

tons, a level that was 0.1 million short tons below 2006. 

Declines of almost a half million short tons each 

experienced at Vigo Coal Company’s Cypress Creek 

mine and Triad Mining’s Patoka mine were balanced by 

Sunrise Coal’s Carlisle mine, in its first year of coal 

production, which produced 1.0 million short tons in 

2007. 

Coal production in Illinois also declined slightly by 0.9 

percent to end the year at 32.4 million short tons, a 

decrease of 0.3 million short tons. Increases in coal 

production by Mach Mining’s No. 1 mine of 0.9 million 

short tons and Vigo Coal Company’s Friendsville mine 

of 0.6 million short tons in 2007 were negated by the 

lower production levels of several mines, including 

Foundation Coal’s Wabash mine which was abandoned 

early in 2007, and the idling of Monterey Coal’s No. 1 

mine and Springfield Coal’s Crown II mine. The other 

States in the Interior Region (Kansas, Louisiana, 

Mississippi, Missouri, and Oklahoma), which together 

produced 8.9 million short tons of coal and accounted for 

a total of 6.1 percent of the entire region’s production in 

2007, all had lower coal production from their prior year 

levels. 

Western Region 

The Western Region was the only one of the three 

regions to show an increase in coal production in 2007. 

Coal production rose by 0.3 percent to reach a total of 

621.0 million short tons, over 54 percent of total U.S. 

coal production for the year. The slight increase of 1.6 

million short tons resulted in another record level for the 

region, the fourth year in a row. Even though there was a 

record level of coal production in 2007, only three States 

in the Western Region had higher production levels from 

the previous year, Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming. 

Wyoming is the largest coal-producing State in the 

Nation, a position it has held since 1988. In 2007, 

Wyoming produced 453.6 million short tons of coal, an 

increase of 1.5 percent, or 6.8 million short tons for the 

year. Although nine of the twenty-one mines in 

Wyoming had decreases in coal production in 2007, the 

increased production levels at the rest of the mines 

pushed the State to a new production record for the year. 

Wyoming has dominated U.S. coal production since 

1995 when it first accounted for more than one-quarter of 

total U.S. production. Examples of how much Wyoming 

dominated the U.S. coal supply include that for 2007, its 

production accounted for 73 percent of the Western 

Region production total; was 76.4 million short tons 

more than the entire Appalachian Region production; 

was more than three times the Interior Region 

production; and was only slightly less than 40 percent of 

the total U.S. coal production for the year. Also, if the 

25 States that produced coal in 2007 were ranked by 

descending total production levels, Wyoming produced 

only 1.4 million short tons less than the sum of the next 

six largest coal-producing States (West Virginia, 

Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Montana, Texas, and Colorado) 

and 217.4 million short tons more coal than the 

summation of the States ranked 8th through 25th. 

Peabody’s North Antelope Rochelle mine was the largest 

coal mine in Wyoming and the United States in 2007, 

producing a total of 91.5 million short tons, an increase 

of 3.0 million short tons. This one mine produced more 

coal than 22 of the 24 other coal-producing States in 

2007. However, the one mine in Wyoming that had the 

largest tonnage increase in 2007 was Arch Coal’s Coal 

Creek mine, which returned to production in mid-2006 

after suspending coal production in 2000. Coal Creek 

increased production in 2007 by 7.1 million short tons to 

end the year at a total of 10.2 million short tons. 

In 2007, Montana, the second largest coal-producing 

State in the Western Region, produced a total of 43.4 

million short tons, an increase of 3.7 percent, displacing 

Texas as the fifth largest coal-producing State in the 

Nation. Although there were decreases in production at 

four of the six mines in Montana, the increase in coal 

production at Spring Creek Coal’s Spring Creek mine of 

1.2 million short tons in 2007, to reach a total of 15.7 

million short tons, more than offset the declines. 

Colorado had a slight increase in coal production in 

2007, ending the year with a total of 36.4 million short 

tons, an increase of 0.2 percent, or 62 thousand short 

tons. 

Total coal production in North Dakota declined in 2007 

by 2.6 percent to end the year at 29.6 million short tons. 

Declines in production at three of the four mines, Center, 

Falkirk, and Freedom mines, negated the increase in coal 

production by the Beulah mine. New Mexico had a 

decrease of 1.5 million short tons in 2007 to end the year 

with a total of 24.5 million short tons, a decline of 5.6 

percent, and the second year in a row that production 

declined in the State. The majority of the decrease in coal 

production for New Mexico was attributable to the 

decreased production level at Chevron Mining’s 

McKinley mine. Coal production in Utah in 2007 

declined by 6.6 percent to a level of 24.3 million short 

tons. Although there was a 1-million-short-ton-plus 

increase in coal production at West Ridge Resources’ 

West Ridge mine, decreases of over 1 million short tons 

at Arch Coal’s Sufco mine and Andalex Resources’ 

Aberdeen mine more than offset the increase. In 2007 

coal production in Arizona decreased by 2.8 percent to 

end the year at 8.0 million short tons, while coal 

production in Alaska was 1.3 million short tons, slightly 

below the prior year total. There was no coal production 

in Washington in 2007 due to the closing of the State’s 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 5

only mine, TransAlta’s Centralia mine, in November of 

2006. 

Employment 

The number of employees in U.S. coal mines decreased 

in 2007 by 1.6 percent to a level of 81,278. Decreases in 

the number of employees were experienced in both 

underground and surface mining in 2007 at the national 

level. The largest decrease in total employees in a State 

was in Kentucky, which had 973 fewer employees on the 

payroll. There were some States that had slight increases 

in the number of employees, while Washington, which 

closed its only mine in November of 2006, had no mine 

employees for 2007. 

Productivity 

Productivity at coal mines in 2007 increased slightly by 

0.1 percent to a level of 6.27 tons per miner per hour. 

Total productivity increased as a result of an increase in 

surface productivity which grew in 2007 by 0.6 percent 

to a level of 10.25 short tons per miner per hour. 

Underground productivity dropped in 2007 by the same 

percentage, 0.6 percent to a level of 3.34 short tons per 

miner per hour resulting in the decrease in total 

productivity for the year. Part of the decline in 

underground productivity was a result of miners having 

increasing hours used in safety and health work in 

compliance with the MINER Act of 2006 that affected 

the ability to mine coal. 

Changes in regional productivity varied across the U.S. 

in 2007, with the largest decline in the Interior Region 

while there was an increase in Western Region. Total 

productivity in the Appalachian Region decreased by 0.9 

percent in 2007 to a level of 3.10 short tons per miner per 

hour. This drop was a reflection of the decrease in both 

underground productivity in the region, which declined 

by 1.3 percent and a decrease in surface productivity of 

0.3 percent in 2007. Total productivity in the Interior 

Region declined by 4.8 percent to a level of 4.85 short 

tons per miner per hour in 2007, with declines in both 

underground and surface productivity. Underground 

productivity in the Interior Region decreased somewhat 

in 2007 by 0.8 percent to a level of 3.52 short tons per 

miner per hour while surface productivity decreased by 

8.0 percent to a level of 6.76 short tons per miner per 

hour. Reflecting the large number of surface mines in 

the region, the Western Region actually had an increase 

in total productivity in 2007, 1.0 percent to 20.40 short 

tons per miner per hour. Productivity in underground 

mines in the Western Region dropped by 0.6 percent to 

6.73 short tons per miner per hour, while surface 

productivity increased by 2.3 percent to a level of 26.28 

short tons per miner per hour. 

Consumption 

Total coal consumption rebounded in 2007, increasing 

by 1.4 percent over the 2006 level. Total U.S. coal 

consumption was 1,128.0 million short tons, an increase 

of 15.7 million short tons. Almost 93 percent of all coal 

consumed in the United States is in the electric power 

sector (electric utilities and independent power 

producers), making it the powerhouse for total coal 

consumption. Two of the three other coal-consuming 

sectors, other industrial and coking coal, had declines in 

their consumption totals, while the residential and 

commercial sector, which is the smallest of all coal 

consuming sectors, accounting for less than one third of 

one percent of total consumption, was slightly higher. 

The other industrial sector had a decrease in coal 

consumption in 2007 of 4.8 percent, while the coking 

coal sector had a decline of 1.1 percent. 

Coal consumption in the electric power sector increased 

by 1.8 percent or 18.5 million short tons to end 2007 at 

1,045.1 million short tons (Figure ES2). However, coalbased electricity generation increased at a slightly lower 

rate of 1.5 percent, reflecting increasing volumes of 

lower-Btu western coals (subbituminous and lignite) to 

generate electricity. 

Coal consumption in the non-electric power sector 

(comprised of the other industrial, coking coal, and 

residential and commercial sectors) declined in 2007. 

Coal consumption at coke plants decreased by 0.2 

million short tons to end the year at 22.7 million short 

tons, a decline of 1.1 percent. The decline in U.S. coke 

production in 2007 was a result of the decrease in pig 

iron production that occurred for the year combined with 

the slight drop in U.S. coke exports. 

Although the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 

2.7 percent, the economic growth did not extend into the 

entire manufacturing sector in 2007, and as a result, coal 

consumption in the other industrial sector declined by 2.9 

million short tons to end the year at 56.6 million short 

tons. The broad range of products in the numerous North 

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

manufacturing plants showed varied changes in coal 

consumption for 2007. The nonmetallic minerals 

products and chemical manufacturing segments had no 

change in coal consumption for the year, while the food 

manufacturing segment had a slight increase in coal 

consumption. The decrease in coal consumption in 2007 

in the other industrial sector was primarily a result of the 

large decrease in the primary metal manufacturing 

segment, a decline of 2.1 million short tons. The majority
6 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

of the decrease in coal consumption in this segment was 

the result of the closing of a dedicated plant at a primary 

metals facility at the end of 2006. The plant closed the 

old facility after securing the necessary power to run a 

smelter from an independent power source that burns 

coal to generate electricity. In essence, this is a shift of 

coal consumption from the other industrial sector to the 

independent power producers’ portion of the electric 

power sector. Coal consumption in the residential and 

commercial sector increased slightly in 2007. 

Generation 

Nationally, total generation in the electric power sector 

from all fuels increased in 2007 by 2.5 percent with gains 

in electricity generation by all sources except the 

hydroelectric sector in the United States. The decline of 

14.6 percent in electricity generation by hydroelectric 

facilities in the United States was a direct result of the 

drought conditions experienced across most the country 

during the year and resulted in a decrease of its share of 

total generation to 6.0 percent (Figure ES3). The 

increase in electric generation in 2007 by other fuel 

sources ranged from the aforementioned 1.5 percent for 

coal to 10.9 percent for natural gas. The large increase in 

electricity generation by natural gas for 2007 was due in 

part to the numerous new generating facilities that came 

on-line during the year that were natural gas-fired. In 

2007, 48 percent of the new capacity to come on-line 

during the year was natural-gas-fired, while new coalfired capacity was 10 percent. However, the average cost 

(in dollars per million Btu) of natural gas delivered to the 

electric utility portion of the electric power sector in 

2007 compared to 2006 had increased by only 1.5 

percent, while the cost of coal had increased by 5.3 

percent in the same time period. 

Total electricity generation in the United States is 

primarily driven by two factors: economic growth and 

weather (measured by heating and cooling degree-days), 

with both factors having a positive effect on total 

generation. Economic growth continued throughout 

2007, with the gross domestic product (GDP) of the 

United States increasing by 2.7 percent for the year. Also 

in 2007, warmer-than- normal summer weather occurred 

across most of the country. According to data from the 

National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center of 

the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

(NOAA), cooling degree-days in 2007 were higher for 

the country as a whole than the 30-year average, by 17.9 

percent. The warmer summer weather resulted in more 

electricity generation to power air conditioners across the 

country. In contrast, the winter weather was somewhat 

warmer than normal, with the heating degree-days 5.3 

percent below normal, lowering the need for electricity 

for heating, but not enough to offset the generation 

needed for summer for cooling. 

Figure ES2. Electric Power Sector Consumption of Coal by Census Division, 2007 

(Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 2006) 

U.S. Total = 1,045.1 (1.8%) 

New England

8.8 (0.5%)

Middle Atlantic

70.0 (0.0%)

South Atlantic

185.9 (4.0%)

East South Central

115.5 (-1.0%)

West South Central

154.5 (1.8%)

East

North Central

237.0 (2.3%)

West

North Central

147.7 (0.8%)

Mountain

115.2 (0.4%)

Pacific

Contiguous

9.2 (42.4%)

Pacific

Noncontiguous

1.2 (5.7%)

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report.” 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 7

Table ES2. U.S. Coal Production by CoalProducing Region and State, 2006-2007 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region 

and State 2006 2007 

Appalachian Total 391.2 377.8

 Alabama 18.8 19.3

 Kentucky, Eastern 93.6 87.1

 Maryland 5.1 2.3

 Ohio 22.7 22.6

 Pennsylvania Total 66.0 65.0

 Anthracite 1.5 1.6

 Bituminous 64.5 63.5

 Tennessee 2.8 2.7

 Virginia 29.7 25.3

 West Virginia 152.4 153.5

 Northern 42.4 42.2

 Southern 110.0 111.3

Interior Total 151.4 146.7

 Arkansas s s

 Illinois 32.7 32.4

 Indiana 35.1 35.0

 Kansas 0.4 0.4

 Kentucky, Western 27.2 28.2

 Louisiana 4.1 3.1

 Mississippi 3.8 3.5

 Missouri 0.4 0.2

 Oklahoma 2.0 1.6

 Texas 45.5 41.9

 

Western Total 619.4 621.0

 Alaska 1.4 1.3

 Arizona 8.2 8.0

 Colorado 36.3 36.4

 Montana 41.8 43.4

 New Mexico 25.9 24.5

 North Dakota 30.4 29.6

 Utah 26.0 24.3

 Washington 2.6 -

 Wyoming 446.7 453.6

 

Refuse Recovery 0.8 1.2

U.S. Total 1,162.8 1,146.6

s Value is less than 0.5 of the table metric, but value is 

included in any associated totals. 

Note: Totals may not equal the sum of the components 

due to independent rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and 

Health Administration, Form 7000-2, “Quarterly Mine 

Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Of the nine Census Divisions, coal is a minor component 

(less than 20 percent) in the fuel mix for electricity 

generation in two divisions, New England and Pacific, 

and a major component (more than 50 percent) in five 

divisions, East North Central, West North Central, South 

Atlantic, East South Central, and Mountain. In the other 

two divisions, coal is one of two main fuel sources for 

the electric power sector. In the Middle Atlantic, coal 

competes with nuclear power for dominance, while in the 

West South Central coal competes with natural gas. 

Seven of the nine Census Divisions had increases in coal 

consumption in the electric power sector in 2007, with 

five of those seven having an increase of at least a 

million short tons. For 2007, two of the Census Divisions 

accounted for the majority of the increase in total coal 

consumption in the electric power sector. The South 

Atlantic Census Division accounted for 39 percent of the 

increase, while the East North Central accounted for 

another 29 percent. Total generation in the South 

Atlantic Census Division increased in 2007 by 3.4 

percent (Table ES3), while total generation in the East 

North Central Division increased by 2.6 percent. Coal is 

the primary fuel for electricity generation in both Census 

Divisions. Coal generated 53.8 percent of the electricity 

in the South Atlantic Division and 69.6 percent in the 

East North Central Division during 2007. The growth in 

generation from coal in the South Atlantic Division 

resulted in an increase in coal consumption of 7.1 million 

short tons, up 4.0 percent to end the year at 185.9 million 

short tons. Coal consumption in the electric power sector 

in the East North Central Division increased by 2.3 

percent to 237.0 million short tons, an increase of 5.3 

million short tons in 2007. 

In the West South Central Census Division coal 

competes with natural gas as the primary source for 

electric power generation, both accounting for about 40 

percent of the Division’s generation. Total generation in 

2007 in the electric power sector in the West South 

Central Census Division grew by 2.6 percent, while coalbased generation grew by 1.3 percent. Total coal 

consumption in 2007 for the electric power sector in the 

West South Central Census Division increased by 2.7 

million short tons, or 1.8 percent, ending the year at a 

total of 154.5 million short tons. Although the Pacific 

Census Division was the only division to have a decrease 

(1.4 percent) in total generation in the electric power 

sector in 2007, it had the fourth largest increase in coal 

consumption for the year. Even though coal is such a 

small part of the total generation for the division (usually 

less than 5 percent), the increase in coal consumption for 

electric power sector was 2.8 million short tons to a level 

of 10.4 million short tons. The substantial decrease in the 

generation by hydroelectric facilities, which generally 

account for about 40 percent of total generation, in the 

Pacific Census Division of 16.5 percent in 2007 helped 

to increase the need for coal to generate electricity. 
8 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Coal accounts for about three-fourths of generation in the 

West North Central Census Division. In 2007 total 

generation increased by 3.2 percent, while generation 

from coal grew by 0.8 percent. Total coal consumption 

for the electric power sector in the West North Central 

Division rose to 147.7 million short tons, an increase of 

1.1 million short tons. Over half of the electricity 

generated in the Mountain Census Division is derived 

from coal. In 2007 total generation in the Mountain 

Census Division increased by 4.2 percent, while coalbased generation decreased by 0.1 percent for the year. 

Even though coal-based generation was about level, coal 

consumption in the electric power sector in the Mountain 

Division increased slightly by 0.5 million short tons to 

end the year at 115.2 million short tons. In the Middle 

Atlantic Census Division coal competes with nuclear 

power for the largest share of total generation. In 2007 

total generation in the Middle Atlantic Division 

increased by 3.2 percent, while nuclear power generation 

increased by 1.2 percent and coal-based generation 

increased by only 0.1 percent. Total coal consumption 

for the Middle Atlantic Census Division remained 

essentially unchanged at a level of 70.0 million short 

tons. Coal accounts for less than one-sixth of total 

generation in the New England Census Division, and in 

2007 total coal consumption for electricity generation 

grew by 43 thousand short tons. 

The East South Central Census Division was the only 

division to have lower coal consumption in the electric 

power sector in 2007. Coal is the dominant fuel for 

generation in the East South Central Division, typically 

accounting for about two-thirds of total generation in a 

year. Total electricity generation in the East South 

Central Division increased by 1.8 percent in 2007. 

Natural gas generation grew significantly in the Division, 

increasing by 28.0 percent while coal-based generation 

decreased by 0.7 percent. The slight decline in coalbased generation resulted in a decrease in coal 

consumption in the East South Central Census Division 

of 1.0 percent to end the year at a total of 115.5 million 

short tons. 

Coal Prices 

Domestic coal prices continued their increasing trend in 

2007 rising for the fourth consecutive year. Although the 

average delivered prices in the consuming sectors 

increased for the year, it was at a slower rate than was 

experienced in 2006. The majority of coal sold in the 

electric power sector is through long-term contracts, in 

conjunction with spot purchases to supplement the 

demand. Coal prices in 2007 at electric utilities (a subset 

of the electric power sector) increased for a seventh 

consecutive year, to $36.06 per short ton ($1.78 per 

million Btu), an increase of 5.3 percent over the 2006 

price. Coal prices at independent power producers in 

2007 increased to $33.11 per short ton ($1.66 per million 

Btu), an increase of 0.2 percent. The average delivered 

price of coal to the other industrial sector increased by 

5.3 percent to an average price of $54.42 per short ton in 

2007. In 2007 the delivered price of coal to U.S. coke 

plants increased by 2.3 percent to reach an average price 

of $94.97 per short ton. 

The average open market mine price of coal in 2007 

increased 4.1 percent to a level of $26.20 per short ton. 

The average open market price of coal from underground 

mines rose by 5.3 percent to $40.29 per short ton while 

Table ES3. Electric Power Sector Net Generation,

 2006-2007 (Million Kilowatthours) 

Census 

Division 2006 2007 

Percent 

Change 

New England 

 Coal 19,411 19,791 2.0

 Total 125,708 126,059 0.3

 

Middle Atlantic 

 Coal 152,445 152,607 0.1

 Total 415,192 428,648 3.2

 

East North 

Central 

 Coal 451,510 456,905 1.2

 Total 639,456 656,142 2.6

 

West North 

Central 

 Coal 228,066 230,004 0.8

 Total 301,627 311,406 3.2

 

South Atlantic 

 Coal 423,393 438,823 3.6

 Total 788,587 815,153 3.4

 

East South 

Central 

 Coal 246,311 244,504 -0.7

 Total 369,837 376,578 1.8

 

West South 

Central 

 Coal 226,940 229,930 1.3

 Total 544,000 558,246 2.6

 

Mountain 

 Coal 209,239 209,121 -0.1

 Total 348,918 363,605 4.2

 

Pacific 

 Coal 12,420 16,706 34.5

 Total 374,753 369,508 -1.4

 

U.S. Total 

 Coal 1,969,737 1,998,390 1.5

 Total 3,908,077 4,005,343 2.5

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, 

"Power Plant Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 9

the average open market price of coal from surface mines 

increased by 2.8 percent to $19.41 per ton in 2007. 

Coal Stocks 

Total coal stocks at the end of 2007 were 192.8 million 

short tons, an increase of 3.8 million short tons from the 

prior year. Coal stocks held by producers and distributors 

were lower by 7.0 percent, as coal producers used stocks 

to supplement the increasing demand. Industrial users, 

including coke plants, held a total of 7.6 million short 

tons at the end of 2007, 1.9 million short tons less than 

the level at the start of the year. Coal stocks in the 

electric power sector continued to increase in 2007 as 

plants continued to rebuild stocks that had dropped 

substantially by the end of 2005 due to transportation 

problems. The electric power sector ended the year with 

a total of 151.2 million short tons, an increase of 10.3 

million short tons, or 7.3 percent over the 2006 level. 

Figure ES3. Share of Electric Power Sector Net 

Generation by Energy Source, 

2006 vs. 2007 

50.4

3.5

18.8

7.2

20.1

3.7

20.3

6.0

49.9

20.1

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

Nuclear Hydro Natural Gas Petroleum and

Other

Coal

Percent

2006 2007

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, 

"Power Plant Report."
10 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Coal Production 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 11

Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2007-2006 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2007 2006 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama..................................................... 49 19,327 57 18,830 -14.0 2.6

 Underground............................................ 8 11,462 9 10,737 -11.1 6.7

 Surface..................................................... 41 7,865 48 8,092 -14.6 -2.8

Alaska ........................................................ 1 1,324 1 1,425 - -7.1

 Surface..................................................... 1 1,324 1 1,425 - -7.1

Arizona ...................................................... 1 7,983 1 8,216 - -2.8

 Surface..................................................... 1 7,983 1 8,216 - -2.8

Arkansas.................................................... 2 83 2 23 - 263.4

 Underground............................................ 1 80 1 18 - 357.0

 Surface..................................................... 1 2 1 5 - -53.8

Colorado .................................................... 12 36,384 12 36,322 - 0.2

 Underground............................................ 8 27,610 7 26,659 14.3 3.6

 Surface..................................................... 4 8,774 5 9,663 -20.0 -9.2

Illinois ........................................................ 21 32,445 22 32,729 -4.5 -0.9

 Underground............................................ 14 26,807 15 27,120 -6.7 -1.2

 Surface..................................................... 7 5,638 7 5,609 - 0.5

Indiana....................................................... 27 35,003 28 35,119 -3.6 -0.3

 Underground............................................ 7 10,604 7 10,736 - -1.2

 Surface..................................................... 20 24,399 21 24,383 -4.8 0.1

Kansas........................................................ 2 420 2 426 - -1.3

 Surface..................................................... 2 420 2 426 - -1.3

Kentucky Total ......................................... 417 115,280 442 120,848 -5.7 -4.6

 Underground............................................ 201 69,217 227 73,182 -11.5 -5.4

 Surface..................................................... 216 46,064 215 47,666 0.5 -3.4

 Eastern...................................................... 394 87,068 416 93,607 -5.3 -7.0

 Underground............................................ 191 44,703 214 49,312 -10.7 -9.3

 Surface..................................................... 203 42,365 202 44,295 0.5 -4.4

 Western..................................................... 23 28,212 26 27,241 -11.5 3.6

 Underground............................................ 10 24,513 13 23,870 -23.1 2.7

 Surface..................................................... 13 3,699 13 3,370 - 9.7

Louisiana ................................................... 2 3,127 2 4,114 - -24.0

 Surface..................................................... 2 3,127 2 4,114 - -24.0

Maryland ................................................... 19 2,301 19 5,054 - -54.5

 Underground............................................ 2 611 3 2,826 -33.3 -78.4

 Surface..................................................... 17 1,690 16 2,228 6.3 -24.1

Mississippi ................................................. 1 3,545 1 3,797 - -6.6

 Surface..................................................... 1 3,545 1 3,797 - -6.6

Missouri ..................................................... 2 236 2 394 - -40.1

 Surface..................................................... 2 236 2 394 - -40.1

Montana..................................................... 6 43,390 6 41,823 - 3.7

 Underground............................................ 1 47 1 321 - -85.3

 Surface..................................................... 5 43,343 5 41,502 - 4.4

New Mexico ............................................... 4 24,451 4 25,913 - -5.6

 Underground............................................ 1 6,898 1 6,993 - -1.4

 Surface..................................................... 3 17,553 3 18,919 - -7.2

North Dakota ............................................ 4 29,606 4 30,411 - -2.6

 Surface..................................................... 4 29,606 4 30,411 - -2.6

Ohio............................................................ 57 22,575 52 22,722 9.6 -0.6

 Underground............................................ 13 15,793 11 15,126 18.2 4.4

 Surface..................................................... 44 6,783 41 7,596 7.3 -10.7

Oklahoma .................................................. 9 1,648 10 1,998 -10.0 -17.5

 Underground............................................ 2 514 2 464 - 10.8

 Surface..................................................... 7 1,134 8 1,534 -12.5 -26.1

Pennsylvania Total ................................... 264 65,048 270 66,029 -2.2 -1.5

 Underground............................................ 50 53,544 54 53,801 -7.4 -0.5

 Surface..................................................... 214 11,504 216 12,228 -0.9 -5.9

 Anthracite................................................. 72 1,564 74 1,529 -2.7 2.3

 Underground............................................ 15 224 17 272 -11.8 -17.8

 Surface..................................................... 57 1,340 57 1,256 - 6.7

 Bituminous ............................................... 192 63,484 196 64,500 -2.0 -1.6

 Underground............................................ 35 53,320 37 53,529 -5.4 -0.4

 Surface..................................................... 157 10,164 159 10,972 -1.3 -7.4

Tennessee................................................... 17 2,654 23 2,804 -26.1 -5.3

 Underground............................................ 5 892 10 1,191 -50.0 -25.1

 Surface..................................................... 12 1,763 13 1,613 -7.7 9.3

Texas .......................................................... 11 41,948 12 45,548 -8.3 -7.9

 Surface..................................................... 11 41,948 12 45,548 -8.3 -7.9

Utah............................................................ 10 24,307 13 26,018 -23.1 -6.6

 Underground............................................ 10 24,307 13 26,018 -23.1 -6.6

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
12 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2007-2006 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2007 2006 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

 

Virginia...................................................... 118 25,346 127 29,740 -7.1 -14.8

 Underground............................................ 71 15,731 76 18,681 -6.6 -15.8

 Surface..................................................... 47 9,615 51 11,059 -7.8 -13.0

Washington ............................................... - - 1 2,580 -100.0 -100.0

 Surface..................................................... - - 1 2,580 -100.0 -100.0

West Virginia Total .................................. 282 153,480 290 152,374 -2.8 0.7

 Underground............................................ 168 84,853 174 84,628 -3.4 0.3

 Surface..................................................... 114 68,627 116 67,746 -1.7 1.3

 Northern ................................................... 43 42,219 49 42,398 -12.2 -0.4

 Underground............................................ 23 36,076 29 36,074 -20.7 *

 Surface..................................................... 20 6,144 20 6,324 - -2.9

 Southern ................................................... 239 111,260 241 109,976 -0.8 1.2

 Underground............................................ 145 48,777 145 48,554 - 0.5

 Surface..................................................... 94 62,483 96 61,421 -2.1 1.7

Wyoming.................................................... 20 453,568 21 446,742 -4.8 1.5

 Underground............................................ 1 2,822 1 519 - 443.5

 Surface..................................................... 19 450,746 20 446,223 -5.0 1.0

 

Appalachian Total .................................... 1,200 377,800 1,254 391,159 -4.3 -3.4

 Underground............................................ 508 227,588 551 236,303 -7.8 -3.7

 Surface..................................................... 692 150,213 703 154,856 -1.6 -3.0

 Northern ................................................... 383 132,144 390 136,203 -1.8 -3.0

 Underground............................................ 88 106,023 97 107,827 -9.3 -1.7

 Surface..................................................... 295 26,121 293 28,376 0.7 -7.9

 Central ...................................................... 768 226,329 807 236,127 -4.8 -4.1

 Underground............................................ 412 110,103 445 117,739 -7.4 -6.5

 Surface..................................................... 356 116,227 362 118,388 -1.7 -1.8

 Southern ................................................... 49 19,327 57 18,830 -14.0 2.6

 Underground............................................ 8 11,462 9 10,737 -11.1 6.7

 Surface..................................................... 41 7,865 48 8,092 -14.6 -2.8

Interior Total ............................................ 100 146,668 107 151,389 -6.5 -3.1

 Underground............................................ 34 62,519 38 62,209 -10.5 0.5

 Surface..................................................... 66 84,149 69 89,180 -4.3 -5.6

Illinois Basin Total.................................... 71 95,660 76 95,089 -6.6 0.6

 Underground............................................ 31 61,924 35 61,727 -11.4 0.3

 Surface..................................................... 40 33,736 41 33,362 -2.4 1.1

Western Total............................................ 58 621,012 63 619,449 -7.9 0.3

 Underground............................................ 21 61,683 23 60,510 -8.7 1.9

 Surface..................................................... 37 559,329 40 558,939 -7.5 0.1

 Powder River Basin................................. 17 479,496 18 472,202 -5.6 1.5

 Underground............................................ - - - - - -

 Surface..................................................... 17 479,496 18 472,202 -5.6 1.5

 Uinta Region............................................. 19 59,815 23 61,446 -17.4 -2.7

 Underground............................................ 16 51,446 19 52,189 -15.8 -1.4

 Surface..................................................... 3 8,368 4 9,257 -25.0 -9.6

 

East of Miss. River.................................... 1,272 477,006 1,331 490,046 -4.4 -2.7

West of Miss. River................................... 86 668,474 93 671,952 -7.5 -0.5

 

U.S. Subtotal.............................................. 1,358 1,145,480 1,424 1,161,997 -4.6 -1.4

 

Refuse Recovery........................................ 16 1,156 14 752 14.3 53.6

 

U.S. Total................................................... 1  ,374 1,146,635 1,438 1,162,750 -4.5 -1.4

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 

 * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 13

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2007 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama .................................................... 8 11,462 41 7,865 49 19,327

 Bibb ......................................................... - - 1 33 1 33

 Cullman ................................................... - - 1 503 1 503

 Franklin.................................................... - - 1 153 1 153

 Jackson..................................................... - - 3 247 3 247

 Jefferson................................................... 2 2,362 8 1,232 10 3,594

 Marion ..................................................... - - 2 60 2 60

 Shelby ...................................................... 1 95 3 317 4 413

 Tuscaloosa ............................................... 4 8,903 6 1,778 10 10,681

 Walker ..................................................... 1 102 13 2,804 14 2,906

 Winston.................................................... - - 3 738 3 738

Alaska ....................................................... - - 1 1,324 1 1,324

 Yukon-Koyukuk Division ....................... - - 1 1,324 1 1,324

Arizona ..................................................... - - 1 7,983 1 7,983

 Navajo...................................................... - - 1 7,983 1 7,983

Arkansas ................................................... 1 80 1 2 2 83

 Sebastian.................................................. 1 80 1 2 2 83

Colorado ................................................... 8 27,610 4 8,774 12 36,384

 Delta......................................................... 1 5,481 - - 1 5,481

 Garfield.................................................... 1 247 - - 1 247

 Gunnison.................................................. 2 11,698 - - 2 11,698

 La Plata.................................................... 2 470 - - 2 470

 Moffat ...................................................... - - 3 8,368 3 8,368

 Montrose.................................................. - - 1 406 1 406

 Rio Blanco............................................... 1 1,424 - - 1 1,424

 Routt ........................................................ 1 8,290 - - 1 8,290

Illinois ....................................................... 14 26,807 7 5,638 21 32,445

 Gallatin .................................................... - - 1 2,070 1 2,070

 Jackson..................................................... 1 19 2 1,579 3 1,598

 Macoupin................................................. 3 4,488 - - 3 4,488

 Perry......................................................... 1 447 3 1,051 4 1,498

 Randolph.................................................. 1 2,695 - - 1 2,695

 Saline ....................................................... 3 11,334 - - 3 11,334

 Sangamon ................................................ 1 2,090 - - 1 2,090

 Vermilion................................................. 1 1,375 - - 1 1,375

 Wabash .................................................... 1 386 1 938 2 1,324

 White ....................................................... 1 2,897 - - 1 2,897

 Williamson .............................................. 1 1,076 - - 1 1,076

Indiana ...................................................... 7 10,604 20 24,399 27 35,003

 Daviess..................................................... - - 2 3,556 2 3,556

 Dubois...................................................... - - 1 674 1 674

 Gibson...................................................... 3 4,313 4 9,722 7 14,034

 Knox ........................................................ 2 2,628 4 3,346 6 5,974

 Pike .......................................................... 1 2,624 6 2,312 7 4,936

 Sullivan.................................................... 1 1,039 - - 1 1,039

 Vigo ......................................................... - - 2 4,063 2 4,063

 Warrick .................................................... - - 1 727 1 727

Kansas ....................................................... - - 2 420 2 420

 Bourbon ................................................... - - 1 211 1 211

 Linn.......................................................... - - 1 209 1 209

Kentucky ................................................... 201 69,217 216 46,064 417 115,280

 Bell........................................................... 5 1,179 14 2,362 19 3,541

 Breathitt ................................................... 2 1,029 7 1,141 9 2,170

 Clay.......................................................... - - 2 24 2 24

 Daviess..................................................... - - 1 232 1 232

 Floyd........................................................ 28 1,613 13 2,880 41 4,493

 Harlan ...................................................... 35 7,999 17 2,391 52 10,390

 Henderson................................................ 1 1,357 2 1,217 3 2,574

 Hopkins.................................................... 3 7,702 2 306 5 8,007

 Jackson..................................................... - - 3 71 3 71

 Johnson .................................................... 2 210 4 332 6 542

 Knott ........................................................ 25 5,329 13 2,699 38 8,028

 Knox ........................................................ 7 65 7 167 14 232

 Laurel....................................................... - - 1 84 1 84

 Lawrence ................................................. - - 9 1,165 9 1,165

 Leslie ....................................................... 6 2,522 9 2,028 15 4,550

 Letcher..................................................... 17 4,745 18 1,396 35 6,141

 Magoffin .................................................. - - 7 2,354 7 2,354

 Martin ...................................................... 8 3,511 5 1,769 13 5,280

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
14 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2007 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Kentucky (continued) 

 Morgan..................................................... - - 3 21 3 21

 Muhlenberg.............................................. 1 2,974 7 1,941 8 4,915

 Owsley..................................................... - - 3 25 3 25

 Perry......................................................... 8 3,551 26 12,750 34 16,301

 Pike .......................................................... 45 12,811 41 8,614 86 21,426

 Union ....................................................... 2 5,065 1 3 3 5,067

 Webster.................................................... 3 7,416 - - 3 7,416

 Whitley .................................................... 3 138 1 92 4 230

Louisiana .................................................. - - 2 3,127 2 3,127

 De Soto .................................................... - - 1 2,623 1 2,623

 Red River................................................. - - 1 504 1 504

Maryland .................................................. 2 611 17 1,690 19 2,301

 Allegany................................................... 1 246 11 1,163 12 1,409

 Garrett...................................................... 1 365 6 527 7 892

Mississippi ................................................ - - 1 3,545 1 3,545

 Choctaw................................................... - - 1 3,545 1 3,545

Missouri .................................................... - - 2 236 2 236

 Bates ........................................................ - - 2 236 2 236

Montana .................................................... 1 47 5 43,343 6 43,390

 Big Horn .................................................. - - 3 30,401 3 30,401

 Musselshell.............................................. 1 47 - - 1 47

 Richland................................................... - - 1 358 1 358

 Rosebud ................................................... - - 1 12,583 1 12,583

New Mexico .............................................. 1 6,898 3 17,553 4 24,451

 McKinley................................................. - - 2 9,023 2 9,023

 San Juan................................................... 1 6,898 1 8,530 2 15,428

North Dakota ........................................... - - 4 29,606 4 29,606

 McLean.................................................... - - 1 7,789 1 7,789

 Mercer...................................................... - - 2 17,923 2 17,923

 Oliver....................................................... - - 1 3,894 1 3,894

Ohio ........................................................... 13 15,793 44 6,783 57 22,575

 Athens...................................................... 1 288 - - 1 288

 Belmont ................................................... 1 4,595 5 1,023 6 5,618

 Carroll...................................................... 1 246 1 141 2 387

 Columbiana.............................................. - - 4 294 4 294

 Coshocton................................................ - - 2 172 2 172

 Guernsey.................................................. - - 1 4 1 4

 Harrison ................................................... 2 1,265 10 1,240 12 2,506

 Jackson..................................................... - - 1 349 1 349

 Jefferson................................................... 4 826 4 165 8 991

 Mahoning................................................. - - 2 11 2 11

 Monroe..................................................... 1 7,142 - - 1 7,142

 Muskingum.............................................. - - 1 169 1 169

 Noble ....................................................... - - 2 617 2 617

 Perry......................................................... 2 946 2 630 4 1,576

 Stark......................................................... - - 4 293 4 293

 Tuscarawas .............................................. 1 485 4 1,159 5 1,644

 Vinton ...................................................... - - 1 516 1 516

Oklahoma ................................................. 2 514 7 1,134 9 1,648

 Craig ........................................................ - - 1 298 1 298

 Haskell..................................................... - - 1 139 1 139

 Le Flore.................................................... 2 514 3 469 5 983

 Nowata..................................................... - - 1 227 1 227

 Okmulgee................................................. - - 1 1 1 1

Pennsylvania ............................................ 50 53,544 214 11,504 264 65,048

 Allegheny................................................. - - 3 98 3 98

 Armstrong................................................ 8 3,532 13 889 21 4,422

 Beaver...................................................... 1 322 - - 1 322

 Bedford .................................................... - - 1 8 1 8

 Butler....................................................... - - 4 499 4 499

 Cambria ................................................... 2 812 11 411 13 1,224

 Cameron................................................... - - 1 28 1 28

 Centre....................................................... - - 1 18 1 18

 Clarion ..................................................... - - 4 331 4 331

 Clearfield ................................................. 2 1,301 39 2,622 41 3,923

 Columbia ................................................. - - 3 136 3 136

 Dauphin ................................................... 1 3 - - 1 3

 Elk............................................................ 1 283 6 289 7 572

 Fayette ..................................................... - - 12 651 12 651

 Greene...................................................... 8 39,933 1 13 9 39,945

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 15

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2007 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Pennsylvania (continued) 

 Indiana ..................................................... 5 1,867 19 690 24 2,557

 Jefferson................................................... 1 162 12 344 13 506

 Lackawanna............................................. - - 2 23 2 23

 Lawrence ................................................. - - 2 20 2 20

 Luzerne .................................................... - - 8 235 8 235

 Lycoming................................................. - - 1 248 1 248

 Mercer...................................................... - - 1 79 1 79

 Northumberland....................................... 3 160 5 46 8 206

 Schuylkill................................................. 11 60 39 901 50 961

 Somerset .................................................. 6 1,503 16 2,439 22 3,942

 Tioga........................................................ - - 1 8 1 8

 Venango................................................... - - 2 38 2 38

 Washington.............................................. 1 3,606 2 286 3 3,892

 Westmoreland.......................................... - - 5 153 5 153

Tennessee .................................................. 5 892 12 1,763 17 2,654

 Anderson.................................................. - - 2 121 2 121

 Campbell.................................................. 3 432 2 296 5 728

 Claiborne ................................................. 2 460 7 1,343 9 1,802

 Fentress.................................................... - - 1 3 1 3

Texas ......................................................... - - 11 41,948 11 41,948

 Atascosa................................................... - - 1 3,121 1 3,121

 Bastrop..................................................... - - 1 4,121 1 4,121

 Freestone.................................................. - - 1 3,873 1 3,873

 Harrison ................................................... - - 1 4,153 1 4,153

 Hopkins.................................................... - - 1 2,134 1 2,134

 Leon......................................................... - - 1 6,779 1 6,779

 Panola ...................................................... - - 2 8,330 2 8,330

 Robertson................................................. - - 1 1,903 1 1,903

 Rusk......................................................... - - 1 4,109 1 4,109

 Titus......................................................... - - 1 3,425 1 3,425

Utah ........................................................... 10 24,307 - - 10 24,307

 Carbon ..................................................... 5 11,893 - - 5 11,893

 Emery....................................................... 4 5,702 - - 4 5,702

 Sevier....................................................... 1 6,712 - - 1 6,712

Virginia ..................................................... 71 15,731 47 9,615 118 25,346

 Buchanan ................................................. 22 4,786 17 2,991 39 7,777

 Dickenson ................................................ 11 1,910 4 230 15 2,140

 Lee ........................................................... 2 313 2 494 4 807

 Russell ..................................................... 7 934 2 138 9 1,073

 Tazewell................................................... 4 1,112 2 53 6 1,165

 Wise......................................................... 25 6,676 20 5,709 45 12,385

West Virginia ........................................... 168 84,853 114 68,627 282 153,480

 Barbour.................................................... 4 1,522 2 152 6 1,674

 Boone....................................................... 25 12,732 17 20,348 42 33,080

 Brooke ..................................................... - - 2 406 2 406

 Clay.......................................................... 2 189 1 3,564 3 3,754

 Fayette ..................................................... 8 2,210 13 3,634 21 5,844

 Grant ........................................................ 1 125 - - 1 125

 Greenbrier................................................ 5 659 1 145 6 805

 Harrison ................................................... 3 6,584 5 375 8 6,959

 Kanawha .................................................. 11 6,253 9 4,879 20 11,133

 Lincoln..................................................... 3 1,084 - - 3 1,084

 Logan....................................................... 11 4,219 11 9,938 22 14,157

 Marion ..................................................... 1 6,642 2 52 3 6,694

 Marshall................................................... 2 9,746 - - 2 9,746

 Mason ...................................................... 1 601 - - 1 601

 McDowell ................................................ 30 2,990 17 2,693 47 5,683

 Mineral..................................................... - - 2 55 2 55

 Mingo....................................................... 16 5,491 12 7,918 28 13,409

 Monongalia.............................................. 3 5,188 3 655 6 5,843

 Nicholas................................................... 3 1,104 5 3,389 8 4,493

 Preston ..................................................... 1 1,470 1 1 2 1,471

 Raleigh..................................................... 16 4,817 3 2,741 19 7,557

 Randolph.................................................. 2 445 1 2 3 448

 Tucker...................................................... 1 2,786 - - 1 2,786

 Upshur ..................................................... 2 639 - - 2 639

 Wayne...................................................... 3 3,643 2 1,120 5 4,763

 Webster.................................................... 3 928 2 4,446 5 5,374

 Wyoming ................................................. 11 2,784 3 2,114 14 4,899

Wyoming ................................................... 1 2,822 19 450,746 20 453,568

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
16 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2007 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Wyoming (continued) 

 Campbell.................................................. - - 12 402,037 12 402,037

 Carbon ..................................................... - - 1 120 1 120

 Converse .................................................. - - 1 34,475 1 34,475

 Hot Springs.............................................. - - 1 s 1 s

 Lincoln..................................................... - - 1 5,190 1 5,190

 Sweetwater .............................................. 1 2,822 3 8,924 4 11,746

 

U.S. Subtotal.............................................. 563 351,790 795 793,690 1,358 1,145,480

 

Refuse Recovery........................................ - - - - 16 1,156

 

U.S. Total................................................... 563 351  ,790 795 793,690 1,374 1,146,635

 s Value is less than 0.05 of the table metric, but value is included in any associated total. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 17

Table 3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 2007 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1 Continuous2 Conventional and 

Other3 Longwall4

 Total 

Alabama.................................................... 197 s 11,264 11,462

Arkansas ................................................... 80 - - 80

Colorado ................................................... 710 7 26,892 27,610

Illinois....................................................... 17,664 - 9,143 26,807

Indiana ...................................................... 10,604 - - 10,604

Kentucky Total ......................................... 67,691 810 716 69,217

 Eastern .................................................... 43,177 810 716 44,703

 Western................................................... 24,513 - - 24,513

Maryland................................................... 611 - - 611

Montana.................................................... 47 - - 47

New Mexico ............................................. - -6,898 6,898

Ohio .......................................................... 2,791 1,265 11,737 15,793

Oklahoma.................................................. 514 - - 514

Pennsylvania Total ................................... 10,740 60 42,745 53,544

 Anthracite ............................................... 171 52 - 224

 Bituminous ............................................. 10,568 7 42,745 53,320

Tennessee.................................................. 892 - - 892

Utah .......................................................... 635 - 23,671 24,307

Virginia..................................................... 12,897 16 2,817 15,731

West Virginia Total .................................. 47,427 24 37,401 84,853

 Northern.................................................. 6,371 9 29,696 36,076

 Southern.................................................. 41,057 15 7,705 48,777

Wyoming .................................................. - -2,822 2,822

Appalachian Total .................................. 118,732 2,176 106,679 227,588

 Northern................................................. 20,512 1,334 84,177 106,023

 Central ................................................... 98,023 842 11,238 110,103

 Southern................................................. 197 s 11,264 11,462

Interior Total .......................................... 53,376 - 9,143 62,519

 Illinois Basin.......................................... 52,781 - 9,143 61,924

Western Total.......................................... 1,392 7 60,284 61,683

 Powder River Basin............................... - - - -

 Uinta Region.......................................... 882 - 50,564 51,446

East of Miss. River.................................. 171,514 2,176 115,822 289,512

West of Miss. River................................. 1,987 7 60,284 62,278

U.S. Total................................................. 173,500 2,184 176,106 351,790 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

3

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other 

methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining methods, or mines that produce less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. 4

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous 

mining. 

 s Value is less than 0.05 of the table metric, but value is included in any associated total. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
18 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 4. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 2007 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coalbed Thickness 

(inches) Underground Surface Total 

< 7................................................................. - 274 274

7-12............................................................... - 3,426 3,426

13-18............................................................. 252 6,311 6,563

19-24............................................................. 731 13,535 14,266

25-30............................................................. 3,797 20,461 24,258

31-36............................................................. 16,998 29,016 46,014

37-42............................................................. 24,733 19,221 43,955

43-48............................................................. 35,786 29,982 65,767

49-54............................................................. 27,886 23,577 51,463

55-60............................................................. 41,122 25,184 66,306

61-66............................................................. 34,433 10,378 44,811

67-72............................................................. 58,805 25,183 83,988

73-78............................................................. 7,390 1,291 8,681

79-84............................................................. 18,853 27,025 45,878

85-90............................................................. 7,927 3,114 11,041

91-96............................................................. 13,667 11,760 25,427

97-102........................................................... 13,016 6,191 19,208

103-108......................................................... 7,375 8,265 15,640

109-114......................................................... 4,872 13,363 18,235

115-120......................................................... 640 2,715 3,354

> 120............................................................. 33,322 512,689 546,011

Unknown1 .................................................... 187 727 2,070

U.S. Total..................................................... 351,790 793,690 1,146,635 

1

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 19

Table 5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2007 

Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Thickness 

Coalbed ID Number (inches) 1

Coalbed Name 

Underground Surface Total Average2

 Low High 

1699 Wyodak................................................ - 389,195 389,195 759 81 906

0036 Pittsburgh............................................. 82,448 3,149 85,598 72 20 108

0489 No. 9 .................................................... 38,917 9,399 48,317 61 24 73

0111 Coalburg .............................................. 7,540 26,437 33,977 76 10 169

1697 Canyon................................................. - 28,473 28,473 658 375 804

1569 Beulah-Zap .......................................... - 27,578 27,578 179 132 210

0484 Herrin (Illinois No. 6).......................... 19,619 3,512 23,131 69 46 96

1696 Anderson-Dietz 1-Dietz 2 ................... - 20,462 20,462 215 80 660

1787 Roland.................................................. - 18,844 18,844 486 382 660

0151 Upper Elkhorn No. 3 ........................... 13,866 4,698 18,565 46 10 150

1808 Rosebud ............................................... - 16,898 16,898 261 219 276

0084 Lower Kittanning................................. 8,365 8,204 16,569 49 11 96

1753 Somerset B........................................... 13,229 - 13,229 184 96 240

0135 Hazard No. 4........................................ 6,250 6,606 12,857 64 16 138

0168 Lower Elkhorn..................................... 10,215 1,975 12,190 53 11 84

0121 Winifrede............................................. 4,196 7,181 11,377 68 7 120

0103 Stockton-Lewiston............................... 3,612 7,417 11,029 66 12 112

0176 Eagle .................................................... 8,943 1,312 10,256 47 9 66

1488 Fruitland No. 8..................................... 6,898 3,327 10,225 167 136 199

0157 Alma .................................................... 5,525 4,404 9,930 43 10 65

0071 Upper Freeport..................................... 6,613 3,055 9,669 53 15 84

0100 Hazard No. 8........................................ 1,302 7,819 9,121 43 11 74

0280 Blue Creek........................................... 7,876 752 8,627 61 8 200

0142 Williamson (Amburgy) ....................... 5,324 3,253 8,577 43 6 80

1750 Wadge.................................................. 8,290 - 8,290 100 100 100

Major Coalbeds Total .................................. 259,028 603,952 862,980 420 6 906

 

Other Coalbeds ............................................. 92,575 189,010 281,585 78 4 413

 

Unknown3 ...................................................... 187 727 2,070 NA NA NA

 

U.S. Total....................................................... 351,790 793,690 1,146,635 336 4 1,272 

1

 The coalbed ID number is a unique code assigned by EIA to each correlated coalbed or to coal-bearing geologic formations, coal groups, or coal zones. See Coalbed name 

discussion in note below. 2

 Average thickness is the bed thickness weighted by bed production. 

3

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 NA = Not Available. 

 Notes:  Major coalbeds for this table are the top 25 producing coalbeds. The category "Other Coalbeds" includes all coalbeds from which less than 8.3 million short tons 

were produced during the year. In some regions, coalbeds are characteristically discontinuous or uncorrelatable from one location to another, and production is identified by the 

geological formations, coal groups, or coal zones of the native rock where the coalbeds occur. These types of coalbeds are found primarily in the Rocky Mountain States and 

even in the Gulf Coast lignite belt. Coalbeds of these types are also included in "Other Coalbeds," even though production may exceed 8.3 million short tons. Totals may not 

equal sum of components due to independent rounding.  The coalbed name given is the name most commonly used in the State having the greatest production from that 

coalbed. The States having greatest production for each coalbed are Alabama (coalbed 0280), Colorado (1750 and 1753); Illinois (0484); Eastern Kentucky (0100, 0135, 0142, 

0151, and 0168); Western Kentucky (0489); Montana (1696 and 1808); New Mexico (1488); North Dakota (1569); Pennsylvania (0036 and 0071); West Virginia (0084, 0103, 

0111, 0121, 0157, and 0176); and Wyoming (1697, 1699, and 1787). In some other States where these are major producing beds, the following alternative coalbed names are 

also used: 0084, No 5 (Ohio); 0111, Peach Orchard (Eastern Kentucky); 0121, Quakertown (Pennsylvania); 0135, Windrock (Tennessee); Phillips (Virginia); Chilton (West 

Virginia); 0142, Lower Splint (Virginia); 0151, Jellico (Tennessee); Taggert (Virginia); Cedar Grove (West Virginia); 0157, Elkhorn No. 1 (East Kentucky); Rich Mountain 

(Tennessee); 0168, Imboden (Virginia); No 2 Gas (West Virginia); 0176, Middle Eagle (West Virginia); 0484, No 11 (Western Kentucky); 0489, No 5 (Illinois and Indiana). 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
20 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2007 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production 

Alabama......................................... 49 19,327 - - - - - - 49 19,327

Alaska ............................................ - - 1 1,324 - - - - 1 1,324

Arizona .......................................... 1 7,983 - - - - - - 1 7,983

Arkansas ........................................ 2 83 - - - - - - 2 83

Colorado ........................................ 9 28,016 3 8,368 - - - - 12 36,384

Illinois............................................ 21 32,445 - - - - - - 21 32,445

Indiana ........................................... 27 35,003 - - - - - - 27 35,003

Kansas............................................ 2 420 - - - - - - 2 420

Kentucky Total .............................. 417 115,280 - - - - - - 417 115,280

 Eastern ......................................... 394 87,068 - - - - - - 394 87,068

 Western........................................ 23 28,212 - - - - - - 23 28,212

Louisiana ....................................... - - - - 2 3,127 - - 2 3,127

Maryland........................................ 19 2,301 - - - - - - 19 2,301

Mississippi..................................... - - - - 1 3,545 - - 1 3,545

Missouri......................................... 2 236 - - - - - - 2 236

Montana......................................... - - 5 43,031 1 358 - - 6 43,390

New Mexico2 ................................. 1 6,898 3 17,553 - - - - 4 24,451

North Dakota ................................. - - - - 4 29,606 - - 4 29,606

Ohio ............................................... 57 22,575 - - - - - - 57 22,575

Oklahoma....................................... 9 1,648 - - - - - - 9 1,648

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 192 63,484 - - - - 72 1,564 264 65,048

 Anthracite .................................... - - - - - - 72 1,564 72 1,564

 Bituminous .................................. 192 63,484 - - - - - - 192 63,484

Tennessee....................................... 17 2,654 - - - - - - 17 2,654

Texas.............................................. - - - - 11 41,948 - - 11 41,948

Utah ............................................... 10 24,307 - - - - - - 10 24,307

Virginia.......................................... 118 25,346 - - - - - - 118 25,346

West Virginia Total ....................... 282 153,480 - - - - - - 282 153,480

 Northern....................................... 43 42,219 - - - - - - 43 42,219

 Southern....................................... 239 111,260 - - - - - - 239 111,260

Wyoming ....................................... 1 120 19 453,448 - - - - 20 453,568

 

Appalachian Total ....................... 1,128 376,236 - - - - 72 1,564 1,200 377,800

 Northern...................................... 311 130,580 - - - - 72 1,564 383 132,144

 Central ........................................ 768 226,329 - - - - - - 768 226,329

 Southern...................................... 49 19,327 - - - - - - 49 19,327

Interior Total ............................... 86 98,047 - - 14 48,620 - - 100 146,668

 Illinois Basin............................... 71 95,660 - - - - - - 71 95,660

Western Total............................... 23 67,323 30 523,724 5 29,965 - - 58 621,012

 Powder River Basin.................... - - 17 479,496 - - - - 17 479,496

 Uinta Region............................... 16 51,446 3 8,368 - - - - 19 59,815

 

East of Miss. River....................... 1,199 471,897 - - 1 3,545 72 1,564 1,272 477,006

West of Miss. River...................... 38 69,710 30 523,724 18 75,040 - - 86 668,474

 

U.S. Subtotal................................. 1,237 541,607 30 523,724 19 78,585 72 1,564 1,358 1,145,480

 

Refuse Recovery........................... 15 1,151 - - - - 1 4 16 1,156

 

U.S. Total...................................... 1,252 542,758 30 523,724 19 78,585 73 1,568 1,374 1,146,635 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 One Mine in New Mexico periodically produces both bituminous and subbituminous coal. When this occurs, it is double counted as a subbituminous and bituminous mine, 

but is not double counted in the total. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 21

Table 7. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2007 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Union Nonunion Total Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama...................................................... 11,264 - 197 7,862 11,462 7,862

Alaska ......................................................... - 1,324 - - - 1,324

Arizona ....................................................... - 7,983 - - - 7,983

Arkansas ..................................................... - - 80 - 80 -

Colorado ..................................................... 1,424 2,883 26,178 5,891 27,602 8,774

Illinois......................................................... 8,352 - 18,455 5,638 26,807 5,638

Indiana ........................................................ - - 10,604 24,399 10,604 24,399

Kansas......................................................... - - - 420 - 420

Kentucky Total ........................................... 5,627 1,080 63,486 44,779 69,113 45,859

 Eastern ...................................................... 824 1,080 43,776 41,083 44,600 42,163

 Western..................................................... 4,803 - 19,710 3,696 24,513 3,696

Louisiana .................................................... - - - 3,127 - 3,127

Maryland..................................................... - - 611 1,666 611 1,666

Mississippi.................................................. - - - 3,545 - 3,545

Missouri...................................................... - - - 236 - 236

Montana...................................................... - 27,631 47 15,712 47 43,343

New Mexico ............................................... 6,898 12,194 - 5,359 6,898 17,553

North Dakota .............................................. - 6,861 - 22,745 - 29,606

Ohio ............................................................ 4,595 - 11,198 6,755 15,793 6,755

Oklahoma.................................................... - - 514 1,133 514 1,133

Pennsylvania Total ..................................... 21,695 614 31,814 10,500 53,509 11,114

 Anthracite ................................................. - 305 196 895 196 1,199

 Bituminous ............................................... 21,695 310 31,618 9,605 53,313 9,915

Tennessee.................................................... - - 892 1,750 892 1,750

Texas........................................................... - 25,992 - 15,957 - 41,948

Utah ............................................................ 5,300 - 19,007 - 24,307 -

Virginia....................................................... 1,623 232 14,091 9,364 15,714 9,596

West Virginia Total .................................... 33,330 9,330 51,498 59,255 84,829 68,585

 Northern.................................................... 26,910 - 9,156 6,133 36,067 6,133

 Southern.................................................... 6,420 9,330 42,342 53,122 48,762 62,452

Wyoming .................................................... 2,822 8,842 - 441,904 2,822 450,746

 

Appalachian Total .................................... 73,330 11,256 154,078 138,235 227,408 149,492

 Northern................................................... 53,199 614 52,779 25,054 105,979 25,668

 Central ..................................................... 8,867 10,642 101,101 105,319 109,968 115,961

 Southern................................................... 11,264 - 197 7,862 11,462 7,862

Interior Total ............................................ 13,155 25,992 49,364 58,151 62,519 84,143

 Illinois Basin............................................ 13,155 - 48,770 33,733 61,924 33,733

Western Total............................................ 16,444 67,718 45,232 491,610 61,676 559,328

 Powder River Basin................................. - 27,272 - 452,224 - 479,496

 Uinta Region............................................ 6,724 2,478 44,723 5,891 51,446 8,368

 

East of Miss. River.................................... 86,485 11,256 202,848 175,514 289,333 186,770

West of Miss. River................................... 16,444 93,709 45,827 512,483 62,270 606,193

 

Unknown2 .................................................. - - - - 187 727

 

U.S. Total................................................... 102,929 104,966 248,675 687,997 351,790 793,690 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Excludes refuse recovery operations. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
22 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 8. Coal Disposition by State, 2007 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State Open Market Sales1

 Captive Sales/Transactions2 Total 

Alabama........................................................ 19,350 - 19,350

Alaska ........................................................... W - W

Arizona ......................................................... W - W

Arkansas ....................................................... W - W

Colorado ....................................................... W W 35,961

Illinois........................................................... 29,830 3,206 33,037

Indiana .......................................................... 30,556 6,227 36,783

Kansas........................................................... W - W

Kentucky Total ............................................. 112,655 4,641 117,296

 Eastern ........................................................ W W 89,122

 Western....................................................... W W 28,174

Louisiana ...................................................... W W W

Maryland....................................................... 2,179 - 2,179

Mississippi.................................................... W - W

Missouri........................................................ W - W

Montana........................................................ W W 42,769

New Mexico ................................................. W W 24,432

North Dakota ................................................ W W 29,614

Ohio .............................................................. 21,909 1,222 23,130

Oklahoma...................................................... W W 1,660

Pennsylvania Total ....................................... 62,526 2,965 65,490

 Anthracite ................................................... W W 1,381

 Bituminous ................................................. W W 64,109

Tennessee...................................................... 2,621 - 2,621

Texas............................................................. W W 41,492

Utah .............................................................. W W 24,132

Virginia......................................................... 17,789 8,048 25,837

West Virginia Total ...................................... 138,738 14,428 153,166

 Northern...................................................... 38,796 3,746 42,541

 Southern...................................................... 99,942 10,683 110,625

Wyoming ...................................................... 375,775 75,462 451,237

U.S. Total3

.................................................... 983,770 162,854 1,146,623 

1

 Open market sales include all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2

 Captive sales transactions include all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 3

 Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 23

Table 9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2007 

Rank Mine Names/Company Mine Type State Production 

(short tons) 

1 North Antelope Rochelle Mine/Powder River Coal, LLC Surface Wyoming 91,523,280

2 Black Thunder/Thunder Basin Coal Company LLC Surface Wyoming 86,196,275

3 Cordero Mine/Cordero Mining Company Surface Wyoming 40,467,627

4 Jacobs Ranch Mine/Jacobs Ranch Coal Company Surface Wyoming 38,101,560

5 Antelope Coal Mine/Antelope Coal Company Surface Wyoming 34,474,682

6 Caballo Mine/Caballo Coal Company Surface Wyoming 31,172,396

7 Belle Ayr Mine/Foundation Coal West Incorporated Surface Wyoming 26,608,765

8 Buckskin Mine/Triton Coal Company Surface Wyoming 25,268,145

9 Eagle Butte Mine/Foundation Coal West Incorporated Surface Wyoming 24,985,991

10 Rawhide Mine/Caballo Coal Company Surface Wyoming 17,144,361

11 Spring Creek Coal Company/Spring Creek Coal Company Surface Montana 15,712,091

12 Freedom Mine/Coteau Properties Company Surface North Dakota 14,955,989

13 Rosebud Mine & Crusher/Conveyor/Western Energy Company Surface Montana 12,583,084

14 Enlow Fork Mine/Consol Pennsylvania Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 11,222,052

15 Coal Creek Mine/Thunder Basin Coal Company LLC Surface Wyoming 10,216,194

16 Bailey Mine/Consol Pennsylvania Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 9,827,946

17 McElroy Mine/McElroy Coal Company Underground West Virginia 9,667,258

18 Navajo Mine/BHP Navajo Coal Company Surface New Mexico 8,529,955

19 Foidel Creek Mine/Twentymile Coal Company Underground Colorado 8,290,117

20 Kayenta Mine/Peabody Western Coal Company Surface Arizona 7,982,584

21 Falkirk Mine/Falkirk Mining Company Surface North Dakota 7,788,852

22 Absaloka Mine/Westmoreland Resources Inc. Surface Montana 7,704,556

23 Cumberland Mine/Cumberland Coal Resources, LP Underground Pennsylvania 7,264,244

24 Century Mine/American Energy Corporation Underground Ohio 7,141,934

25 Galatia Mine/The American Coal Company Underground Illinois 7,009,160

26 Decker Mine/Decker Coal Company Surface Montana 6,984,546

27 San Juan Mine 1/San Juan Coal Company Underground New Mexico 6,898,040

28 West Elk Mine/Mountain Coal Company, L.L.C. Underground Colorado 6,874,101

29 Jewett Mine/Texas Westmoreland Coal Co. Surface Texas 6,779,166

30 Sufco/Canyon Fuel Company LLC Underground Utah 6,711,925

31 Loveridge No 22/Consolidation Coal Company Underground West Virginia 6,642,339

32 Robinson Run No 95/Consolidation Coal Company Underground West Virginia 6,502,004

33 Beckville Strip/Luminant Mining Surface Texas 6,172,298

34 Emerald Mine No 1/Emerald Coal Resources LP Underground Pennsylvania 5,674,111

35 Colowyo Mine/Colowyo Coal Company L P Surface Colorado 5,596,568

36 Bowie No 2 Mine/Bowie Resources LLC Underground Colorado 5,480,569

37 Lee Ranch Coal Company/Lee Ranch Coal Co. Div. Peabody Surface New Mexico 5,358,749

38 Dry Fork Mine/Western Fuels-Wyoming Inc Surface Wyoming 5,303,516

39 Kemmerer Mine/Chevron Mining Inc Surface Wyoming 5,190,147

40 Twilight MTR Surface Mine/Progress Coal Surface West Virginia 5,164,718

41 Blacksville No 2/Consolidation Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 5,150,114

42 Wyodak/Wyodak Resources Development Co. Surface Wyoming 5,049,231

43 Elk Creek Mine/Oxbow Mining, LLC Underground Colorado 4,823,662

44 Cardinal/Warrior Coal LLC Underground Kentucky 4,650,696

45 Dotiki Mine/Webster County Coal Underground Kentucky 4,597,010

46 Powhatan No. 6 Mine/The Ohio Valley Coal Company Underground Ohio 4,594,616

47 West Ridge Mine/West Ridge Resources Inc Underground Utah 4,254,863

48 South Hallsville No 1 Mine/Sabine Mining Company Surface Texas 4,153,485

49 Hobet 21 Surface Mine/Hobet Mining LLC Surface West Virginia 4,145,752

50 Three Oaks/Luminant Mining Surface Texas 4,120,619

51 Oak Hill Strip/Luminant Mining Surface Texas 4,108,562

52 Federal No 2/Eastern Associated Coal LLC Underground West Virginia 4,020,116

 

 Subtotal 706,840,621

 All Other Mines 439,794,724

 

 U.S. Total 1,146,635,345 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Major mines are mines that produced more than 4 million short tons in 2007. The company is the firm operating the mine. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
24 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2007 

Rank Company Name Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Percent of 

Total Production 

1 Peabody Energy Corp 192,318 16.8

2 Rio Tinto Energy America 134,353 11.7

3 Arch Coal Inc 126,881 11.1

4 Foundation Coal Corp 71,828 6.3

5 CONSOL Energy Inc 65,178 5.7

6 Massey Energy Co 37,169 3.2

7 NACCO Industries Inc 34,069 3.0

8 Westmoreland Coal Co 30,392 2.7

9 Murray Energy Corp 27,571 2.4

10 Peter Kiewit Sons Inc 27,171 2.4

11 Energy Future Holdings Corp 25,992 2.3

12 Alliance Resource Operating Partners LP 24,237 2.1

13 Alpha Natural Resources LLC 21,592 1.9

14 Patriot Coal Corp 19,262 1.7

15 Intl Coal Group Inc (ICG) 17,856 1.6

16 Magnum Coal Co 16,112 1.4

17 BHP Billiton Ltd 15,428 1.3

18 Chevron Corp 11,991 1.0

19 PacifiCorp 11,776 1.0

20 Level 3 Communications 10,675 0.9

21 James River Coal Co 10,294 0.9

22 Trinity Coal Corp 8,710 0.8

23 Energy Coal Resources Inc 8,407 0.7

24 Walter Industries Inc 6,606 0.6

25 Wexford Capital LLC 6,504 0.6

26 Booth Energy Group 6,493 0.6

27 TECO Energy Inc 6,151 0.5

28 Western Fuels Association Inc 5,304 0.5

29 Rosebud Mining Co 5,104 0.4

30 Black Hills Corp 5,049 0.4

 

 Subtotal 990,473 86.4

 All Other Coal Producers 156,162 13.6

 

 U.S. Total 1,146,635 100.0 

 Note:  Major coal producers are companies that produced more than 5 million short tons in 2007. A controlling company of a mine is defined as the company 

"controlling the coal, particularly the sale of the coal." Most often, but not always, this is the owner of the mine. 

 Source:  COALdat, a product of RDI/Platts and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and 

Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 25
26 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Productive Capacity 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 27

Table 11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2007, 2006 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2007 2006 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama........................................ 14,870 12,511 27,381 16,540 9,888 26,428 -10.1 26.5 3.6

Alaska ........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arizona ......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arkansas ....................................... W - W W - W W - W

Colorado ....................................... W W 41,369 32,836 11,099 43,935 W W -5.8

Illinois........................................... 36,813 7,826 44,639 35,560 7,914 43,473 3.5 -1.1 2.7

Indiana .......................................... 12,219 29,171 41,390 12,122 27,821 39,944 0.8 4.9 3.6

Kansas........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Kentucky Total ............................. 86,237 59,607 145,844 91,205 59,327 150,533 -5.4 0.5 -3.1

 Eastern ........................................ 56,022 54,645 110,668 63,278 54,664 117,942 -11.5 * -6.2

 Western....................................... 30,215 4,961 35,177 27,928 4,663 32,591 8.2 6.4 7.9

Louisiana ...................................... - W W - W W - W W

Maryland....................................... W W 3,105 W W 5,891 W W -47.3

Mississippi.................................... - W W - W W - W W

Missouri........................................ - W W - W W - W W

Montana........................................ W W 47,323 W W 45,546 W W 3.9

New Mexico ................................. W W 28,250 W W 29,400 W W -3.9

North Dakota ................................ - 32,900 32,900 - 32,900 32,900 - - -

Ohio .............................................. 18,491 15,802 34,293 17,810 16,667 34,477 3.8 -5.2 -0.5

Oklahoma...................................... W W 2,387 W W 3,386 W W -29.5

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 59,130 15,890 75,020 59,830 16,143 75,973 -1.2 -1.6 -1.3

 Anthracite ................................... W W 2,790 279 2,017 2,295 W W 21.5

 Bituminous ................................. W W 72,231 59,551 14,126 73,678 W W -2.0

Tennessee...................................... 896 3,416 4,313 1,738 2,109 3,846 -48.4 62.0 12.1

Texas............................................. - 43,066 43,066 - 46,253 46,253 - -6.9 -6.9

Utah .............................................. 28,668 - 28,668 29,530 - 29,530 -2.9 - -2.9

Virginia......................................... 19,827 11,256 31,083 20,716 11,784 32,500 -4.3 -4.5 -4.4

Washington................................... - - - - W W - -100.0 -100.0

West Virginia Total ...................... 115,608 84,374 199,982 117,465 86,432 203,897 -1.6 -2.4 -1.9

 Northern...................................... 40,853 7,446 48,299 39,587 6,394 45,982 3.2 16.4 5.0

 Southern...................................... 74,755 76,928 151,683 77,878 80,037 157,915 -4.0 -3.9 -3.9

Wyoming ...................................... W W 486,281 W W 519,749 W W -6.4

 

U.S. Total...................................... 438,336 900,142 1,338,478 448,895 941,432 1,390,327 -2.4 -4.4 -3.7 

 * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes mines 

producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 
28 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2007, 2006 

 (Percent) 

2007 2006 Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama.......................................................... 77.08 62.84 70.58 64.88 81.61 71.14

Alaska ............................................................. - W W - W W

Arizona ........................................................... - W W - W W

Arkansas ......................................................... W - W W - W

Colorado ......................................................... W W 87.93 81.19 87.06 82.67

Illinois............................................................. 72.82 72.04 72.68 76.27 70.87 75.28

Indiana ............................................................ 86.78 83.64 84.57 88.57 87.61 87.90

Kansas............................................................. - W W - W W

Kentucky Total ............................................... 80.14 76.94 78.83 80.13 80.06 80.10

 Eastern ......................................................... 79.61 77.16 78.40 77.77 80.75 79.15

 Western........................................................ 81.13 74.49 80.19 85.47 71.88 83.53

Louisiana ........................................................ - W W - W W

Maryland......................................................... W W 73.32 W W 85.34

Mississippi...................................................... - W W - W W

Missouri.......................................................... - W W - W W

Montana.......................................................... W W 91.69 W W 91.83

New Mexico ................................................... W W 86.55 W W 88.14

North Dakota .................................................. - 89.99 89.99 - 92.43 92.43

Ohio ................................................................ 85.41 42.75 65.75 84.93 45.40 65.82

Oklahoma........................................................ W W 69.00 W W 58.90

Pennsylvania Total ......................................... 90.49 69.94 86.14 89.87 73.76 86.45

 Anthracite .................................................... W W 50.02 85.62 56.14 59.72

 Bituminous .................................................. W W 87.54 89.89 76.28 87.28

Tennessee........................................................ 99.51 51.21 61.25 68.26 76.24 72.64

Texas............................................................... - 97.40 97.40 - 98.47 98.47

Utah ................................................................ 84.79 - 84.79 88.08 - 88.08

Virginia........................................................... 79.26 85.26 81.43 90.02 93.58 91.31

Washington..................................................... - - - - W W

West Virginia Total ........................................ 73.38 81.29 76.71 72.01 78.32 74.68

 Northern....................................................... 88.28 82.37 87.37 91.11 98.30 92.11

 Southern....................................................... 65.23 81.18 73.32 62.30 76.72 69.61

Wyoming ........................................................ W W 93.27 W W 85.95

 

U.S. Total....................................................... 80.21 88.09 85.51 79.93 85.22 83.51 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Capacity utilization is the ratio of annual production to annual productive capacity. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required 

to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 29

Table 13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining 

Method, 2007 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Continuous1 Conventional and 

Other2 Longwall3

 Total 

Coal-Producing 

State Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Alabama......................................... W W -- W W 14,870 77.08

Arkansas ........................................ W W ---- W W

Colorado ........................................ W W -- W W 32,591 84.69

Illinois............................................ W W -- W W 36,813 72.82

Indiana ........................................... 12,219 86.78 - - - - 12,219 86.78

Kentucky Total .............................. W 81.97 995 W W W 86,237 80.14

 Eastern ......................................... W 82.45 995 W W W 56,022 79.61

 Western........................................ W 81.13 - - - - 30,215 81.13

Maryland........................................ W W ---- W W

Montana......................................... W W ---- W W

New Mexico .................................. - - - - W W W W

Ohio ............................................... 3,377 82.65 W W W W 18,491 85.41

Oklahoma....................................... W W ---- W W

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 13,945 77.01 W W W W 59,130 90.49

 Anthracite .................................... W W W W - - W W

 Bituminous .................................. W W -- W W W W

Tennessee....................................... 896 99.51 - - - - 896 99.51

Utah ............................................... W W -- W W 28,668 84.79

Virginia.......................................... W W -- W W 19,827 79.26

West Virginia Total ....................... 68,104 69.64 - - 47,504 78.73 115,608 73.38

 Northern....................................... 8,711 73.14 - - 32,142 92.39 40,853 88.28

 Southern....................................... 59,393 69.13 - - 15,361 50.16 74,755 65.23

Wyoming ....................................... - - - - W W W W

 

U.S. Total...................................... 225,793 76.84 3,647 54.75 208,896 84.30 438,336 80.21 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other 

methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 3

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous 

mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive 

capacity. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and recovery operations. Totals may not equal sum of components 

because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production. 
30 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Recoverable Reserves 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 31

Table 14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2007, 

2006 

 (Million Short Tons) 

2007 2006 Coal-Producing 

State Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Percent Change 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Alabama................................................ 327 57.15 336 59.60 -2.6

Alaska ................................................... W W W W W

Arizona ................................................. W W W W W

Arkansas ............................................... W W W W -

Colorado ............................................... 328 72.85 335 70.36 -2.1

Illinois................................................... 1,286 61.99 1,294 61.38 -0.7

Indiana .................................................. 401 67.58 384 69.10 4.3

Kansas................................................... W W W W W

Kentucky Total ..................................... 1,182 59.91 1,134 54.76 4.3

 Eastern ................................................ 669 54.98 703 54.65 -4.8

 Western............................................... 513 66.34 431 54.94 19.1

Louisiana .............................................. W W W W W

Maryland............................................... 24 61.75 28 60.48 -13.9

Mississippi............................................ W W W W W

Missouri................................................ W W W W W

Montana................................................ 1,251 88.01 1,211 87.33 3.3

New Mexico ......................................... 483 90.64 504 90.56 -4.2

North Dakota ........................................ 1,252 90.64 1,145 90.16 9.3

Ohio ...................................................... 333 73.00 291 73.10 14.5

Oklahoma.............................................. 155 52.67 23 62.25 565.9

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 532 71.69 548 71.78 -2.8

 Anthracite ........................................... 28 62.59 16 66.86 73.3

 Bituminous ......................................... 504 72.19 531 71.93 -5.1

Tennessee.............................................. 12 79.31 21 61.92 -40.9

Texas..................................................... 737 90.04 730 90.79 1.1

Utah ...................................................... 211 57.92 243 57.80 -13.0

Virginia................................................. 256 56.25 273 55.85 -6.3

Washington........................................... - - W W W

West Virginia Total .............................. 1,828 57.49 1,793 59.43 1.9

 Northern.............................................. 303 61.18 284 62.92 6.7

 Southern.............................................. 1,525 56.76 1,510 58.77 1.0

Wyoming .............................................. 7,330 91.36 7,890 91.57 -7.1

 

U.S. Total............................................. 18,584 79.92 18,880 80.28 -1.6 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery 

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines 

producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
32 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and 

Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2007 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Underground - Minable Coal Surface - Minable Coal Total 

Coal-Resource 

State 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable 

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Alabama........................................ 275 485 963 52 2,264 3,178 327 2,749 4,141

Alaska ........................................... - 2,335 5,423 W 496 684 W 2,831 6,107

Arizona ......................................... - - - W - - W --

Arkansas ....................................... W 127 272 - 101 144 W 228 417

Colorado ....................................... W 5,946 11,331 W 3,746 4,761 328 9,692 16,092

Georgia ......................................... - 1 2 - 1 2 - 2 4

Idaho ............................................. - 2 4 - - - - 2 4

Illinois........................................... 1,253 27,893 87,811 33 10,064 16,536 1,286 37,957 104,347

Indiana .......................................... 272 3,603 8,699 129 398 681 401 4,001 9,379

Iowa .............................................. - 807 1,732 - 320 457 - 1,127 2,189

Kansas........................................... - - - W 680 971 W 680 971

Kentucky Total ............................. 886 7,265 16,770 296 7,417 12,848 1,182 14,682 29,618

 Eastern ........................................ 503 553 990 166 5,154 9,229 669 5,707 10,219

 Western....................................... 383 6,712 15,780 130 2,263 3,619 513 8,975 19,399

Louisiana ...................................... - - - W 306 412 W 306 412

Maryland....................................... W 313 571 W 41 60 24 354 631

Michigan....................................... - 55 123 - 3 5 - 59 128

Mississippi.................................... - - - W - - W --

Missouri........................................ - 689 1,479 W 3,157 4,509 W 3,846 5,988

Montana........................................ W 35,922 70,957 W 38,934 48,166 1,251 74,856 119,123

New Mexico ................................. W 2,788 6,128 W 4,156 5,929 483 6,944 12,057

North Carolina.............................. - 5 11 - - - - 5 11

North Dakota ................................ - - - 1,252 6,849 8,978 1,252 6,849 8,978

Ohio .............................................. 230 7,692 17,484 103 3,755 5,736 333 11,447 23,220

Oklahoma...................................... W 573 1,229 W 224 320 155 797 1,549

Oregon .......................................... - 6 15 - 2 3 - 9 17

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 427 10,595 23,006 105 1,026 4,222 532 11,621 27,228

 Anthracite ................................... W 340 3,843 W 419 3,352 28 759 7,195

 Bituminous ................................. W 10,255 19,164 W 606 870 504 10,861 20,034

South Dakota ................................ - - - - 277 366 - 277 366

Tennessee...................................... 2 277 506 10 176 260 12 454 766

Texas............................................. - - - 737 9,449 12,276 737 9,449 12,276

Utah .............................................. 211 2,465 5,028 - 212 268 211 2,676 5,295

Virginia......................................... 208 596 1,062 48 171 536 256 767 1,598

Washington................................... - 674 1,332 - 6 8 - 681 1,340

West Virginia Total ...................... 1,285 15,395 28,845 543 2,274 3,605 1,828 17,669 32,450

 Northern...................................... 271 NA NA 32 NA NA 303 NA NA

 Southern...................................... 1,014 NA NA 511 NA NA 1,525 NA NA

Wyoming ...................................... W 22,946 42,493 W 16,728 20,198 7,330 39,674 62,692

 

U.S. Total...................................... 5,827 149,457 333,277 12,757 113,232 156,118 18,584 262,689 489,395 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 NA = Not Available. 

 Notes:  Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

EIA's estimated recoverable reserves include the coal in the demonstrated reserve base considered recoverable after excluding coal estimated to be unavailable due to land use 

restrictions or currently economically unattractive for mining, and after applying assumed mining recovery rates; see Glossary for criteria.  The effective date for the 

demonstrated reserve base, as customarily worded, is "Remaining as of January 1, 2008." These data are contemporaneous with the Recoverable Reserves at Producing Mines, 

customarily presented as of the end of the past year's mining, that is in this case, December 31, 2007.  The demonstrated reserve base includes publicly available data on coal 

mapped to measured and indicated degrees of accuracy and found at depths and in coalbed thicknesses considered technologically minable at the time of determinations; see 

Glossary for criteria.  All reserve expressions exclude silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations.  Reserves at Producing Mines exclude mines producing less 

than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide reserves data. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," and EIA estimates. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 33

Table 16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal 

Mines by State and Mining Method, 2007 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Continuous1 Conventional and 

Other2 Longwall3

 Total 

Coal-Producing 

State 

Recoverable 

Coal Reserves 

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal Reserves

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal Reserves

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal Reserves 

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Alabama......................................... W W -- W W 275 52.75

Arkansas ........................................ W W ---- W W

Colorado ........................................ W W -- W W 283 69.94

Illinois............................................ W W -- W W 1,253 61.57

Indiana ........................................... 272 62.34 - - - - 272 62.34

Kentucky Total .............................. 867 W W 53.59 W W 886 50.81

 Eastern ......................................... 483 W W 53.59 W W 503 46.23

 Western........................................ 383 W - - - - 383 56.80

Maryland........................................ W W ---- W W

Montana......................................... W W ---- W W

New Mexico .................................. - - - - W W W W

Ohio ............................................... 28 54.89 W W W W 230 67.12

Oklahoma....................................... W W ---- W W

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 120 61.03 W W W W 427 70.16

 Anthracite .................................... W W W W - - W W

 Bituminous .................................. W W -- W W W W

Tennessee....................................... 2 44.98 - - - - 2 44.98

Utah ............................................... W W -- W W 211 57.92

Virginia.......................................... W W -- W W 208 49.27

West Virginia Total ....................... 812 48.56 - - 473 49.97 1,285 49.08

 Northern....................................... 128 53.30 - - 143 65.78 271 59.89

 Southern....................................... 685 47.68 - - 330 43.12 1,014 46.19

Wyoming ....................................... - - - - W W W W

 

U.S. Total...................................... 3,012 55.98 24 59.04 2,791 61.62 5,827 58.69 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other 

methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 3

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous 

mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic 

area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
34 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine 

Production Range and Mine Type, 2007 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Over 1,000 .................................................. 3,825 60.73 11,791 90.60 15,616 83.29

500 to 1,000................................................ 715 47.79 201 85.16 917 56.00

200 to 500 ................................................... 491 52.91 368 73.52 860 61.74

100 to 200 ................................................... 165 53.49 103 76.95 267 62.49

50 to 100 ..................................................... 153 48.98 115 59.63 268 53.53

10 to 50 ....................................................... 477 69.50 64 78.56 542 70.58

 

U.S. Total................................................... 5,827 58.69 12,757 89.61 18,584 79.92 

 Note:  Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic 

area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 35
36 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Employment 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 37

Table 18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2007, 2006 

2007 2006 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama........................................ 2,458 1,392 3,850 2,621 1,574 4,195 -6.2 -11.6 -8.2

Alaska ........................................... - 99 99 - 96 96 - 3.1 3.1

Arizona ......................................... - 430 430 - 418 418 - 2.9 2.9

Arkansas ....................................... 85 2 87 41 2 43 107.3 - 102.3

Colorado ....................................... 1,729 520 2,249 1,682 547 2,229 2.8 -4.9 0.9

Illinois........................................... 3,488 458 3,946 3,507 470 3,977 -0.5 -2.6 -0.8

Indiana .......................................... 1,291 1,677 2,968 1,231 1,627 2,858 4.9 3.1 3.8

Kansas........................................... - 65 65 - 61 61 - 6.6 6.6

Kentucky Total ............................. 11,146 5,840 16,986 11,902 6,057 17,959 -6.4 -3.6 -5.4

 Eastern ........................................ 8,661 5,445 14,106 9,303 5,707 15,010 -6.9 -4.6 -6.0

 Western....................................... 2,485 395 2,880 2,599 350 2,949 -4.4 12.9 -2.3

Louisiana ...................................... - 239 239 - 243 243 - -1.6 -1.6

Maryland....................................... 131 244 375 205 285 490 -36.1 -14.4 -23.5

Mississippi.................................... - 177 177 - 178 178 - -0.6 -0.6

Missouri........................................ - 14 14 - 20 20 - -30.0 -30.0

Montana........................................ 16 970 986 58 884 942 -72.4 9.7 4.7

New Mexico ................................. 374 982 1,356 368 1,004 1,372 1.6 -2.2 -1.2

North Dakota ................................ - 975 975 - 947 947 - 3.0 3.0

Ohio .............................................. 1,481 1,015 2,496 1,384 1,029 2,413 7.0 -1.4 3.4

Oklahoma...................................... 84 153 237 73 151 224 15.1 1.3 5.8

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 5,206 2,443 7,649 5,099 2,427 7,526 2.1 0.7 1.6

 Anthracite ................................... 192 718 910 226 643 869 -15.0 11.7 4.7

 Bituminous ................................. 5,014 1,725 6,739 4,873 1,784 6,657 2.9 -3.3 1.2

Tennessee...................................... 220 346 566 333 327 660 -33.9 5.8 -14.2

Texas............................................. - 2,216 2,216 - 2,138 2,138 - 3.6 3.6

Utah .............................................. 2,006 6 2,012 2,030 6 2,036 -1.2 - -1.2

Virginia......................................... 3,363 1,400 4,763 3,623 1,639 5,262 -7.2 -14.6 -9.5

Washington................................... - - - - 673 673 - -100.0 -100.0

West Virginia Total ...................... 13,441 6,608 20,049 13,190 6,886 20,076 1.9 -4.0 -0.1

 Northern...................................... 3,889 651 4,540 3,982 639 4,621 -2.3 1.9 -1.8

 Southern...................................... 9,552 5,957 15,509 9,208 6,247 15,455 3.7 -4.6 0.3

Wyoming ...................................... 204 6,179 6,383 128 5,709 5,837 59.4 8.2 9.4

 

Appalachian Total ....................... 34,961 18,893 53,854 35,758 19,874 55,632 -2.2 -4.9 -3.2

 Northern..................................... 10,707 4,353 15,060 10,670 4,380 15,050 0.3 -0.6 0.1

 Central ....................................... 21,793 13,145 34,938 22,467 13,920 36,387 -3.0 -5.6 -4.0

 Southern..................................... 2,461 1,395 3,856 2,621 1,574 4,195 -6.1 -11.4 -8.1

Interior Total ............................... 7,433 5,396 12,829 7,451 5,240 12,691 -0.2 3.0 1.1

 Illinois Basin.............................. 7,264 2,530 9,794 7,337 2,447 9,784 -1.0 3.4 0.1

Western Total............................... 4,329 10,161 14,490 4,266 10,284 14,550 1.5 -1.2 -0.4

 Powder River Basin................... - 6,399 6,399 - 5,852 5,852 - 9.3 9.3

 Uinta Region.............................. 3,668 497 4,165 3,657 525 4,182 0.3 -5.3 -0.4

 

East of Miss. River....................... 42,225 21,600 63,825 43,095 22,499 65,594 -2.0 -4.0 -2.7

West of Miss. River...................... 4,498 12,850 17,348 4,380 12,899 17,279 2.7 -0.4 0.4

 

U.S. Subtotal................................. 46,723 34,450 81,173 47,475 35,398 82,873 -1.6 -2.7 -2.1

 

Refuse Recovery........................... - - 105 - - 86 - - 22.1

 

U.S. Total...................................... 46,723 34,450 81,278 47,475 35,398 82,959 -1.6 -2.7 -2.0 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source:  U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
38 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production 

Range, 2007 

Mine Production Range 

Coal-Producing (thousand short tons) 

State, Region1

, and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero2

Total Number 

of Employees

Alabama....................................................... 2,299 285 418 281 268 143 21 135 3,850

 Underground.............................................. 2,298 - - 35 60 - 15 50 2,458

 Surface....................................................... 1 285 418 246 208 143 6 85 1,392

Alaska .......................................................... 99 - - - - - - - 99

 Surface....................................................... 99 - - - - - - - 99

Arizona ........................................................ 430 - - - - - - - 430

 Surface....................................................... 430 - - - - - - - 430

Arkansas...................................................... - - - - 85 - 2 - 87

 Underground.............................................. - - - - 85 - - - 85

 Surface....................................................... - - - - - - 2 - 2

Colorado ...................................................... 2,111 - 126 - - - 7 5 2,249

 Underground.............................................. 1,632 - 85 - - - 7 5 1,729

 Surface....................................................... 479 - 41 - - - - - 520

Illinois .......................................................... 3,280 311 199 - - 14 - 142 3,946

 Underground.............................................. 3,029 224 131 - - 12 - 92 3,488

 Surface....................................................... 251 87 68 - - 2 - 50 458

Indiana......................................................... 2,250 405 155 - - 10 - 148 2,968

 Underground.............................................. 1,037 134 72 - - - - 48 1,291

 Surface....................................................... 1,213 271 83 - - 10 - 100 1,677

Kansas.......................................................... - - 51 - - - - 14 65

 Surface....................................................... - - 51 - - - - 14 65

Kentucky Total ........................................... 3,927 3,697 3,178 1,431 1,263 1,053 411 2,026 16,986

 Underground.............................................. 3,150 2,578 1,704 835 849 620 190 1,220 11,146

 Surface....................................................... 777 1,119 1,474 596 414 433 221 806 5,840

 Eastern....................................................... 1,715 3,411 3,090 1,389 1,222 1,039 405 1,835 14,106

 Underground.............................................. 1,014 2,421 1,654 835 849 620 190 1,078 8,661

 Surface....................................................... 701 990 1,436 554 373 419 215 757 5,445

 Western...................................................... 2,212 286 88 42 41 14 6 191 2,880

 Underground.............................................. 2,136 157 50 - - - - 142 2,485

 Surface....................................................... 76 129 38 42 41 14 6 49 395

Louisiana ..................................................... 199 40 - - - - - - 239

 Surface....................................................... 199 40 - - - - - - 239

Maryland ..................................................... - - 209 15 50 41 11 49 375

 Underground.............................................. - - 85 - - - - 46 131

 Surface....................................................... - - 124 15 50 41 11 3 244

Mississippi ................................................... 177 - - - - - - - 177

 Surface....................................................... 177 - - - - - - - 177

Missouri ....................................................... - - - 11 3 - - - 14

 Surface....................................................... - - - 11 3 - - - 14

Montana....................................................... 958 - 12 - - 16 - - 986

 Underground.............................................. - - - - - 16 - - 16

 Surface....................................................... 958 - 12 - - - - - 970

New Mexico ................................................. 1,213 - - - - - - 143 1,356

 Underground.............................................. 346 - - - - - - 28 374

 Surface....................................................... 867 - - - - - - 115 982

North Dakota .............................................. 970 - - - - - - 5 975

 Surface....................................................... 970 - - - - - - 5 975

Ohio.............................................................. 1,040 282 509 223 101 121 74 146 2,496

 Underground.............................................. 1,040 72 249 28 - 22 - 70 1,481

 Surface....................................................... - 210 260 195 101 99 74 76 1,015

Oklahoma .................................................... - - 138 29 39 29 2 - 237

 Underground.............................................. - - 55 - - 29 - - 84

 Surface....................................................... - - 83 29 39 - 2 - 153

Pennsylvania Total ..................................... 3,525 736 963 619 304 477 280 745 7,649

 Underground.............................................. 3,525 521 509 265 13 23 59 291 5,206

 Surface....................................................... - 215 454 354 291 454 221 454 2,443

 Anthracite.................................................. - - 29 47 130 194 127 383 910

 Underground.............................................. - - - 47 - 23 49 73 192

 Surface....................................................... - - 29 - 130 171 78 310 718

 Bituminous ................................................ 3,525 736 934 572 174 283 153 362 6,739

 Underground.............................................. 3,525 521 509 218 13 - 10 218 5,014

 Surface....................................................... - 215 425 354 161 283 143 144 1,725

Tennessee..................................................... - 79 296 39 63 21 6 62 566

 Underground.............................................. - - 132 39 14 7 - 28 220

 Surface....................................................... - 79 164 - 49 14 6 34 346

Texas ............................................................ 2,216 - - - - - - - 2,216

 Surface....................................................... 2,216 - - - - - - - 2,216

Utah.............................................................. 1,655 74 130 - - - - 153 2,012

 Underground.............................................. 1,655 74 130 - - - - 147 2,006

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 39

Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production 

Range, 2007 (Continued) 

Mine Production Range 

Coal-Producing (thousand short tons) 

State, Region 1

, and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero 2

Total Number 

of Employees

Utah (continued) 

 Surface....................................................... - - - - - - - 6 6

Virginia........................................................ 669 642 1,479 558 365 386 48 616 4,763

 Underground.............................................. 669 510 638 458 287 315 31 455 3,363

 Surface....................................................... - 132 841 100 78 71 17 161 1,400

West Virginia Total .................................... 9,058 2,754 3,080 1,280 674 713 114 2,376 20,049

 Underground.............................................. 5,111 2,069 2,511 1,127 546 506 61 1,510 13,441

 Surface....................................................... 3,947 685 569 153 128 207 53 866 6,608

 Northern .................................................... 3,127 303 371 51 264 90 27 307 4,540

 Underground.............................................. 2,800 265 325 24 221 52 12 190 3,889

 Surface....................................................... 327 38 46 27 43 38 15 117 651

 Southern .................................................... 5,931 2,451 2,709 1,229 410 623 87 2,069 15,509

 Underground.............................................. 2,311 1,804 2,186 1,103 325 454 49 1,320 9,552

 Surface....................................................... 3,620 647 523 126 85 169 38 749 5,957

Wyoming...................................................... 6,294 - - 12 - - 2 75 6,383

 Underground.............................................. 204 - - - - - - - 204

 Surface....................................................... 6,090 - - 12 - - 2 75 6,179

 

Appalachian Total ...................................... 18,306 8,189 10,044 4,404 3,047 2,941 959 5,964 53,854

 Underground.............................................. 13,657 5,593 5,778 2,787 1,769 1,493 356 3,528 34,961

 Surface....................................................... 4,649 2,596 4,266 1,617 1,278 1,448 603 2,436 18,893

 Northern .................................................... 7,692 1,321 2,052 908 719 729 392 1,247 15,060

 Underground.............................................. 7,365 858 1,168 317 234 97 71 597 10,707

 Surface....................................................... 327 463 884 591 485 632 321 650 4,353

 Central ....................................................... 8,315 6,583 7,574 3,215 2,060 2,069 546 4,576 34,938

 Underground.............................................. 3,994 4,735 4,610 2,435 1,475 1,396 270 2,878 21,793

 Surface....................................................... 4,321 1,848 2,964 780 585 673 276 1,698 13,145

 Southern .................................................... 2,299 285 418 281 268 143 21 141 3,856

 Underground.............................................. 2,298 - - 35 60 - 15 53 2,461

 Surface....................................................... 1 285 418 246 208 143 6 88 1,395

Interior Total .............................................. 10,334 1,042 631 82 168 67 10 495 12,829

 Underground.............................................. 6,202 515 308 - 85 41 - 282 7,433

 Surface....................................................... 4,132 527 323 82 83 26 10 213 5,396

 Illinois Basin.............................................. 7,742 1,002 442 42 41 38 6 481 9,794

 Underground.............................................. 6,202 515 253 - - 12 - 282 7,264

 Surface....................................................... 1,540 487 189 42 41 26 6 199 2,530

Western Total.............................................. 13,730 74 268 12 - 16 9 381 14,490

 Underground.............................................. 3,837 74 215 - - 16 7 180 4,329

 Surface....................................................... 9,893 - 53 12 - - 2 201 10,161

 Powder River Basin.................................. 6,324 - - - - - - 75 6,399

 Surface....................................................... 6,324 - - - - - - 75 6,399

 Uinta Region.............................................. 3,766 74 167 - - - - 158 4,165

 Underground.............................................. 3,287 74 155 - - - - 152 3,668

 Surface....................................................... 479 - 12 - - - - 6 497

 

East of Miss. River...................................... 26,225 9,191 10,486 4,446 3,088 2,979 965 6,445 63,825

 Underground.............................................. 19,859 6,108 6,031 2,787 1,769 1,505 356 3,810 42,225

 Surface....................................................... 6,366 3,083 4,455 1,659 1,319 1,474 609 2,635 21,600

West of Miss. River..................................... 16,145 114 457 52 127 45 13 395 17,348

 Underground.............................................. 3,837 74 270 - 85 45 7 180 4,498

 Surface....................................................... 12,308 40 187 52 42 - 6 215 12,850

 

Subtotal........................................................ 42,370 9,305 10,943 4,498 3,215 3,024 978 6,840 81,173

 Underground.............................................. 23,696 6,182 6,301 2,787 1,854 1,550 363 3,990 46,723

 Surface....................................................... 18,674 3,123 4,642 1,711 1,361 1,474 615 2,850 34,450

 

Refuse Recovery.......................................... - - 8 29 22 14 18 14 105

 

U.S. Total....................................................  . 42,370 9,305 10,951 4,527 3,237 3,038 996 6,854 81,278

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source:  U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
40 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 

2007 

Union2 Nonunion2

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama................................................ 2,334 1 109 1,398

Alaska ................................................... - 99 - -

Arizona ................................................. - 430 - -

Arkansas ............................................... - - 85 -

Colorado ............................................... 141 202 1,581 318

Illinois................................................... 1,279 48 2,209 424

Indiana .................................................. - - 1,291 1,677

Kansas................................................... - - - 65

Kentucky Total ..................................... 757 136 10,199 5,500

 Eastern ................................................ 166 136 8,305 5,101

 Western............................................... 591 - 1,894 399

Louisiana .............................................. - - - 239

Maryland............................................... - - 131 233

Mississippi............................................ - - - 177

Missouri................................................ - - - 14

Montana................................................ - 768 16 202

New Mexico ......................................... 374 727 - 255

North Dakota ........................................ - 283 - 692

Ohio ...................................................... 512 15 969 926

Oklahoma.............................................. - - 84 151

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 2,359 315 2,788 1,931

 Anthracite ........................................... 2 237 141 413

 Bituminous ......................................... 2,357 78 2,647 1,518

Tennessee.............................................. - - 220 340

Texas..................................................... - 1,342 - 874

Utah ...................................................... 609 - 1,397 8

Virginia................................................. 429 71 2,903 1,322

West Virginia Total .............................. 4,446 976 8,934 5,586

 Northern.............................................. 2,531 - 1,346 636

 Southern.............................................. 1,915 976 7,588 4,950

Wyoming .............................................. 204 518 - 5,659

Appalachian Total .............................. 10,246 1,514 24,359 16,837

 Northern............................................. 5,402 330 5,234 3,726

 Central ............................................... 2,510 1,183 19,013 11,710

 Southern............................................. 2,334 1 112 1,401

Interior Total ...................................... 1,870 1,390 5,563 4,020

 Illinois Basin...................................... 1,870 48 5,394 2,500

Western Total...................................... 1,328 3,027 2,994 7,134

 Powder River Basin........................... - 756 - 5,643

 Uinta Region...................................... 750 173 2,918 326

East of Miss. River.............................. 12,116 1,562 29,753 19,514

West of Miss. River............................. 1,328 4,369 3,163 8,477

U.S. Total............................................. 13,444 5,931 32,916 27,991 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide 

data. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 41
42 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Productivity 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 43

Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2007, 2006 

Number of Mining Operations2 Number of Employees3

Average Production 

per Employee 

per Hour 

(short tons)4

Coal-Producing 

State, Region1

, and 

Mine Type 

2007 2006 Percent 

Change 2007 2006 Percent 

Change 2007 2006 Percent 

Change 

Alabama........................................ 61 68 -10.3 3,850 4,195 -8.2 2.23 2.01 11.1

 Underground.............................. 13 14 -7.1 2,458 2,621 -6.2 2.08 1.74 19.2

 Surface....................................... 48 54 -11.1 1,392 1,574 -11.6 2.49 2.51 -0.8

Alaska ........................................... 1 1 - 99 96 3.1 5.83 6.48 -10.0

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 99 96 3.1 5.83 6.48 -10.0

Arizona ......................................... 1 2 -50.0 430 418 2.9 7.92 7.69 2.9

 Surface....................................... 1 2 -50.0 430 418 2.9 7.92 7.69 2.9

Arkansas....................................... 2 2 - 87 43 102.3 0.42 0.24 76.1

 Underground.............................. 1 1 - 85 41 107.3 0.41 0.19 118.3

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 2 2 - 1.65 2.48 -33.4

Colorado ....................................... 13 13 - 2,249 2,229 0.9 7.51 7.90 -5.0

 Underground.............................. 9 8 12.5 1,729 1,682 2.8 7.36 7.72 -4.7

 Surface....................................... 4 5 -20.0 520 547 -4.9 8.05 8.46 -4.9

Illinois ........................................... 29 33 -12.1 3,946 3,977 -0.8 3.67 3.70 -0.8

 Underground.............................. 19 21 -9.5 3,488 3,507 -0.5 3.48 3.52 -1.2

 Surface....................................... 10 12 -16.7 458 470 -2.6 4.95 4.89 1.4

Indiana.......................................... 44 45 -2.2 2,968 2,858 3.8 4.55 4.81 -5.4

 Underground.............................. 15 15 - 1,291 1,231 4.9 3.18 3.46 -8.0

 Surface....................................... 29 30 -3.3 1,677 1,627 3.1 5.60 5.82 -3.7

Kansas........................................... 3 3 - 65 61 6.6 3.25 3.64 -10.9

 Surface....................................... 3 3 - 65 61 6.6 3.25 3.64 -10.9

Kentucky Total ............................ 554 592 -6.4 16,986 17,959 -5.4 2.97 2.96 0.5

 Underground.............................. 266 300 -11.3 11,146 11,902 -6.4 2.69 2.68 0.3

 Surface....................................... 288 292 -1.4 5,840 6,057 -3.6 3.53 3.51 0.6

 Eastern........................................ 521 556 -6.3 14,106 15,010 -6.0 2.75 2.78 -1.1

 Underground.............................. 251 280 -10.4 8,661 9,303 -6.9 2.31 2.37 -2.6

 Surface....................................... 270 276 -2.2 5,445 5,707 -4.6 3.45 3.45 *

 Western....................................... 33 36 -8.3 2,880 2,949 -2.3 3.96 3.78 4.9

 Underground.............................. 15 20 -25.0 2,485 2,599 -4.4 3.86 3.69 4.6

 Surface....................................... 18 16 12.5 395 350 12.9 4.83 4.54 6.3

Louisiana ...................................... 2 2 - 239 243 -1.6 6.08 7.84 -22.5

 Surface....................................... 2 2 - 239 243 -1.6 6.08 7.84 -22.5

Maryland ...................................... 22 22 - 375 490 -23.5 2.80 4.82 -41.9

 Underground.............................. 4 5 -20.0 131 205 -36.1 2.09 6.10 -65.7

 Surface....................................... 18 17 5.9 244 285 -14.4 3.19 3.81 -16.1

Mississippi .................................... 1 1 - 177 178 -0.6 9.99 10.38 -3.8

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 177 178 -0.6 9.99 10.38 -3.8

Missouri ........................................ 2 2 - 14 20 -30.0 6.96 10.20 -31.8

 Surface....................................... 2 2 - 14 20 -30.0 6.96 10.20 -31.8

Montana........................................ 6 6 - 986 942 4.7 22.20 21.98 1.0

 Underground.............................. 1 1 - 16 58 -72.4 1.46 2.65 -45.0

 Surface....................................... 5 5 - 970 884 9.7 22.55 23.30 -3.2

New Mexico .................................. 6 5 20.0 1,356 1,372 -1.2 9.03 8.62 4.7

 Underground.............................. 2 2 - 374 368 1.6 9.11 8.07 12.9

 Surface....................................... 4 3 33.3 982 1,004 -2.2 9.00 8.85 1.7

North Dakota ............................... 5 5 - 975 947 3.0 15.70 16.91 -7.2

 Surface....................................... 5 5 - 975 947 3.0 15.70 16.91 -7.2

Ohio............................................... 73 71 2.8 2,496 2,413 3.4 4.05 4.04 0.4

 Underground.............................. 21 20 5.0 1,481 1,384 7.0 4.76 4.81 -1.0

 Surface....................................... 52 51 2.0 1,015 1,029 -1.4 3.01 3.06 -1.7

Oklahoma ..................................... 9 10 -10.0 237 224 5.8 2.78 3.35 -16.9

 Underground.............................. 2 2 - 84 73 15.1 2.65 2.44 8.8

 Surface....................................... 7 8 -12.5 153 151 1.3 2.85 3.78 -24.6

Pennsylvania Total ...................... 349 358 -2.5 7,649 7,526 1.6 3.73 3.90 -4.3

 Underground.............................. 82 87 -5.7 5,206 5,099 2.1 4.39 4.52 -2.8

 Surface....................................... 267 271 -1.5 2,443 2,427 0.7 2.20 2.44 -9.9

 Anthracite................................... 120 124 -3.2 910 869 4.7 0.89 0.95 -6.6

 Underground.............................. 30 35 -14.3 192 226 -15.0 0.68 0.68 *

 Surface....................................... 90 89 1.1 718 643 11.7 0.94 1.04 -10.2

 Bituminous ................................. 229 234 -2.1 6,739 6,657 1.2 4.05 4.21 -3.7

 Underground.............................. 52 52 - 5,014 4,873 2.9 4.50 4.65 -3.3

 Surface....................................... 177 182 -2.7 1,725 1,784 -3.3 2.67 2.87 -7.2

Tennessee...................................... 28 36 -22.2 566 660 -14.2 2.10 2.06 2.0

 Underground.............................. 9 16 -43.8 220 333 -33.9 1.92 1.97 -2.2

 Surface....................................... 19 20 -5.0 346 327 5.8 2.21 2.14 3.3

Texas ............................................. 11 12 -8.3 2,216 2,138 3.6 8.82 9.90 -10.9

 Surface....................................... 11 12 -8.3 2,216 2,138 3.6 8.82 9.90 -10.9

Utah............................................... 18 20 -10.0 2,012 2,036 -1.2 5.79 6.15 -5.8

 Underground.............................. 17 19 -10.5 2,006 2,030 -1.2 5.81 6.18 -5.9

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
44 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2007, 2006 (Continued) 

Number of Mining Operations 2 Number of Employees 3

Average Production 

per Employee 

per Hour 

(short tons) 4

Coal-Producing 

State, Region 1

 , 

and Mine Type 

2007 2006 Percent 

Change 2007 2006 Percent Change 2007 2006 Percent Change 

Utah (continued) 

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 6 6 - - - -

Virginia......................................... 160 170 -5.9 4,763 5,262 -9.5 2.47 2.67 -7.4

 Underground.............................. 94 98 -4.1 3,363 3,623 -7.2 2.25 2.48 -9.4

 Surface....................................... 66 72 -8.3 1,400 1,639 -14.6 2.96 3.07 -3.5

Washington .................................. - 1 -100.0 - 673 -100.0 - 2.03 -100.0

 Surface....................................... - 1 -100.0 - 673 -100.0 - 2.03 -100.0

West Virginia Total ..................... 418 419 -0.2 20,049 20,076 -0.1 3.32 3.32 *

 Underground.............................. 239 247 -3.2 13,441 13,190 1.9 2.82 2.87 -1.5

 Surface....................................... 179 172 4.1 6,608 6,886 -4.0 4.25 4.14 2.7

 Northern ..................................... 65 70 -7.1 4,540 4,621 -1.8 4.08 4.12 -0.8

 Underground.............................. 34 41 -17.1 3,889 3,982 -2.3 4.05 4.02 0.9

 Surface....................................... 31 29 6.9 651 639 1.9 4.26 4.78 -10.8

 Southern ..................................... 353 349 1.1 15,509 15,455 0.3 3.10 3.09 0.4

 Underground.............................. 205 206 -0.5 9,552 9,208 3.7 2.30 2.36 -2.5

 Surface....................................... 148 143 3.5 5,957 6,247 -4.6 4.25 4.08 4.1

Wyoming....................................... 21 21 - 6,383 5,837 9.4 33.30 35.46 -6.1

 Underground.............................. 1 1 - 204 128 59.4 6.47 1.84 252.6

 Surface....................................... 20 20 - 6,179 5,709 8.2 34.19 36.24 -5.7

 

Appalachian Total ....................... 1,632 1,700 -4.0 53,854 55,632 -3.2 3.10 3.13 -0.9

 Underground.............................. 713 767 -7.0 34,961 35,758 -2.2 2.91 2.95 -1.3

 Surface....................................... 919 933 -1.5 18,893 19,874 -4.9 3.44 3.45 -0.3

 Northern ..................................... 509 521 -2.3 15,060 15,050 0.1 3.87 4.02 -3.7

 Underground.............................. 141 153 -7.8 10,707 10,670 0.3 4.29 4.40 -2.5

 Surface....................................... 368 368 - 4,353 4,380 -0.6 2.76 3.02 -8.5

 Central ........................................ 1,060 1,111 -4.6 34,938 36,387 -4.0 2.86 2.89 -0.8

 Underground.............................. 558 600 -7.0 21,793 22,467 -3.0 2.29 2.38 -3.6

 Surface....................................... 502 511 -1.8 13,145 13,920 -5.6 3.74 3.67 2.0

 Southern ..................................... 63 68 -7.4 3,856 4,195 -8.1 2.23 2.01 10.9

 Underground.............................. 14 14 - 2,461 2,621 -6.1 2.08 1.74 19.1

 Surface....................................... 49 54 -9.3 1,395 1,574 -11.4 2.49 2.51 -1.0

Interior Total ............................... 136 146 -6.8 12,829 12,691 1.1 4.85 5.10 -4.8

 Underground.............................. 52 59 -11.9 7,433 7,451 -0.2 3.52 3.54 -0.8

 Surface....................................... 84 87 -3.4 5,396 5,240 3.0 6.76 7.35 -8.0

 Illinois Basin............................... 106 114 -7.0 9,794 9,784 0.1 4.04 4.07 -0.7

 Underground.............................. 49 56 -12.5 7,264 7,337 -1.0 3.56 3.57 -0.3

 Surface....................................... 57 58 -1.7 2,530 2,447 3.4 5.39 5.49 -1.8

Western Total............................... 71 74 -4.1 14,490 14,550 -0.4 20.40 20.19 1.0

 Underground.............................. 30 31 -3.2 4,329 4,266 1.5 6.73 6.77 -0.6

 Surface....................................... 41 43 -4.7 10,161 10,284 -1.2 26.28 25.70 2.3

 Powder River Basin................... 18 18 - 6,399 5,852 9.3 35.30 37.57 -6.0

 Underground.............................. - - - - - - - - -

 Surface....................................... 18 18 - 6,399 5,852 9.3 35.30 37.57 -6.0

 Uinta Region............................... 28 31 -9.7 4,165 4,182 -0.4 6.76 7.11 -4.9

 Underground.............................. 24 26 -7.7 3,668 3,657 0.3 6.60 6.92 -4.7

 Surface....................................... 4 5 -20.0 497 525 -5.3 7.97 8.41 -5.2

 

East of Miss. River....................... 1,739 1,815 -4.2 63,825 65,594 -2.7 3.27 3.29 -0.7

 Underground.............................. 762 823 -7.4 42,225 43,095 -2.0 3.03 3.06 -1.0

 Surface....................................... 977 992 -1.5 21,600 22,499 -4.0 3.73 3.74 -0.3

West of Miss. River...................... 100 105 -4.8 17,348 17,279 0.4 18.23 18.33 -0.5

 Underground.............................. 33 34 -2.9 4,498 4,380 2.7 6.52 6.62 -1.4

 Surface....................................... 67 71 -5.6 12,850 12,899 -0.4 22.36 22.27 0.4

 

Subtotal......................................... 1,839 1,920 -4.2 81,173 82,873 -2.1 6.27 6.27 0.1

 Underground.............................. 795 857 -7.2 46,723 47,475 -1.6 3.34 3.37 -0.6

 Surface....................................... 1,044 1,063 -1.8 34,450 35,398 -2.7 10.25 10.19 0.6

 

Refuse Recovery........................... 20 15 33.3 105 86 22.1 5.77 4.33 33.3

 

U.S. Total.....................................  . 1,859 1,935 -3.9 81,278 82,959 -2.0 6.27 6.26 0.1

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant or preparation plant only processing both underground and surface coal are reported as two operations. 3

 Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office 

workers. 4

 Calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, 

repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. 

 * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 45

Table 22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 2007 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1 Continuous2 Conventional and 

Other3 Longwall4

 Total 

Alabama.................................................... 0.84 - 2.15 2.09

Arkansas ................................................... 0.41 - - 0.41

Colorado ................................................... 3.66 - 7.57 7.37

Illinois....................................................... 3.76 - 3.06 3.49

Indiana ...................................................... 3.22 - - 3.22

Kentucky Total ......................................... 2.71 2.12 2.11 2.70

 Eastern .................................................... 2.32 2.12 2.11 2.31

 Western................................................... 3.86 - - 3.86

Maryland................................................... 2.09 - - 2.09

Montana.................................................... 1.46 - - 1.46

New Mexico ............................................. - - 9.59 9.11

Ohio .......................................................... 3.72 3.46 5.40 4.80

Oklahoma.................................................. 2.65 - - 2.65

Pennsylvania Total ................................... 3.05 0.40 5.00 4.41

 Anthracite ............................................... 0.78 0.40 - 0.70

 Bituminous ............................................. 3.20 - 5.00 4.50

Tennessee.................................................. 1.92 - - 1.92

Utah .......................................................... 1.99 - 6.13 5.81

Virginia..................................................... 2.14 - 3.24 2.28

West Virginia Total .................................. 2.40 - 3.63 2.82

 Northern.................................................. 2.60 - 4.61 4.05

 Southern.................................................. 2.38 - 1.99 2.31

Wyoming .................................................. - - 6.47 6.47

Appalachian Total .................................. 2.39 2.63 3.88 2.92

 Northern................................................. 2.92 3.03 4.90 4.31

 Central ................................................... 2.31 2.12 2.22 2.30

 Southern................................................. 0.84 - 2.15 2.09

Interior Total .......................................... 2.72 - 3.06 2.76

 Illinois Basin.......................................... 3.68 - 3.06 3.57

Western Total.......................................... 2.55 - 7.04 6.74

 Powder River Basin............................... - - - -

 Uinta Region.......................................... 2.30 - 6.82 6.60

East of Miss. River.................................. 2.68 2.63 3.80 3.04

West of Miss. River................................. 2.12 - 7.04 6.53

U.S. Total................................................. 2.67 2.63 4.51 3.36 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

3

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other 

methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 4

 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  For each State, stand alone preparation plant hours are distributed across mining methods by the proportion of production for all stand alone mines. Productivity 

is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, 

maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal and preparation plants with 

less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
46 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2007 

 (Short Tons Coal Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Mine Production Range 

(Thousand Short Tons) Coal-Producing 

State, Region1

, 

and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 

Total2

Alabama....................................................... 2.19 2.86 3.10 2.46 1.25 1.09 0.09 2.23

 Underground.............................................. 2.19 - - 1.15 0.66 - 0.01 2.08

 Surface....................................................... - 2.86 3.10 2.64 1.46 1.09 1.04 2.49

Alaska .......................................................... 5.83 - - - - - - 5.83

 Surface....................................................... 5.83 - - - - - - 5.83

Arizona ........................................................ 7.92 - - - - - - 7.92

 Surface....................................................... 7.92 - - - - - - 7.92

Arkansas...................................................... - - - - 0.41 - 1.65 0.42

 Underground.............................................. - - - - 0.41 - - 0.41

 Surface....................................................... - - - - - - 1.65 1.65

Colorado ...................................................... 7.67 - 5.26 - - - 1.03 7.51

 Underground.............................................. 7.59 - 3.68 - - - 1.03 7.36

 Surface....................................................... 7.95 - 9.31 - - - - 8.05

Illinois .......................................................... 3.76 4.35 3.94 - - 1.59 - 3.67

 Underground.............................................. 3.62 3.25 3.45 - - 0.67 - 3.48

 Surface....................................................... 5.22 6.77 4.67 - - 11.13 - 4.95

Indiana......................................................... 4.63 5.68 4.41 - - 1.81 - 4.55

 Underground.............................................. 3.23 4.49 1.77 - - - - 3.18

 Surface....................................................... 5.85 6.22 5.94 - - 1.81 - 5.60

Kansas.......................................................... - - 4.02 - - - - 3.25

 Surface....................................................... - - 4.02 - - - - 3.25

Kentucky Total ........................................... 4.23 3.21 3.42 2.74 2.10 2.08 1.07 2.97

 Underground.............................................. 3.87 2.69 2.89 2.49 1.80 1.70 0.89 2.69

 Surface....................................................... 5.60 4.44 4.01 3.10 2.78 2.53 1.20 3.53

 Eastern....................................................... 4.16 3.17 3.40 2.70 2.06 2.06 1.08 2.75

 Underground.............................................. 3.16 2.71 2.86 2.49 1.80 1.70 0.89 2.31

 Surface....................................................... 5.55 4.28 3.99 3.01 2.70 2.49 1.21 3.45

 Western...................................................... 4.28 3.82 4.34 4.67 3.62 4.70 0.66 3.96

 Underground.............................................. 4.21 2.28 4.09 - - - - 3.86

 Surface....................................................... 6.08 6.14 4.64 4.67 3.62 4.70 0.66 4.83

Louisiana ..................................................... 6.11 5.90 - - - - - 6.08

 Surface....................................................... 6.11 5.90 - - - - - 6.08

Maryland ..................................................... - - 3.44 4.89 2.65 2.03 1.80 2.80

 Underground.............................................. - - 3.18 - - - - 2.09

 Surface....................................................... - - 3.61 4.89 2.65 2.03 1.80 3.19

Mississippi ................................................... 9.99 - - - - - - 9.99

 Surface....................................................... 9.99 - - - - - - 9.99

Missouri ....................................................... - - - 6.38 8.90 - - 6.96

 Surface....................................................... - - - 6.38 8.90 - - 6.96

Montana....................................................... 22.64 - 15.49 - - 1.46 - 22.20

 Underground.............................................. - - - - - 1.46 - 1.46

 Surface....................................................... 22.64 - 15.49 - - - - 22.55

New Mexico ................................................. 9.69 - - - - - - 9.03

 Underground.............................................. 9.59 - - - - - - 9.11

 Surface....................................................... 9.73 - - - - - - 9.00

North Dakota .............................................. 15.77 - - - - - - 15.70

 Surface....................................................... 15.77 - - - - - - 15.70

Ohio.............................................................. 5.30 3.64 4.27 2.70 1.77 1.87 0.70 4.05

 Underground.............................................. 5.30 4.44 4.37 2.21 - 1.83 - 4.76

 Surface....................................................... - 3.46 4.20 2.77 1.77 1.88 0.70 3.01

Oklahoma .................................................... - - 3.44 1.86 2.15 0.43 0.11 2.78

 Underground.............................................. - - 3.46 - - 0.43 - 2.65

 Surface....................................................... - - 3.42 1.86 2.15 - 0.11 2.85

Pennsylvania Total ..................................... 5.10 3.43 3.97 2.25 2.31 1.88 1.46 3.73

 Underground.............................................. 5.10 4.03 3.73 1.94 3.24 1.02 0.59 4.39

 Surface....................................................... - 2.21 4.22 2.48 2.26 1.92 1.68 2.20

 Anthracite.................................................. - - 4.95 1.48 1.44 1.21 1.18 0.89

 Underground.............................................. - - - 1.48 - 1.02 0.50 0.68

 Surface....................................................... - - 4.95 - 1.44 1.23 1.63 0.94

 Bituminous ................................................ 5.10 3.43 3.93 2.31 2.98 2.38 1.73 4.05

 Underground.............................................. 5.10 4.03 3.73 2.04 3.24 - 2.17 4.50

 Surface....................................................... - 2.21 4.17 2.48 2.95 2.38 1.72 2.67

Tennessee..................................................... - 2.30 2.37 2.36 1.80 3.10 4.48 2.10

 Underground.............................................. - - 2.22 2.36 1.77 1.49 - 1.92

 Surface....................................................... - 2.30 2.49 - 1.81 3.76 4.48 2.21

Texas ............................................................ 8.82 - - - - - - 8.82

 Surface....................................................... 8.82 - - - - - - 8.82

Utah.............................................................. 6.63 4.68 2.16 - - - - 5.79

 Underground.............................................. 6.63 4.68 2.16 - - - - 5.81

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 47

Table 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2007 (Continued) 

 (Short Tons Coal Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Mine Production Range 

(Thousand Short Tons) Coal-Producing 

State, Region 1

, 

and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 

Total 2

Utah (continued) 

 Surface....................................................... - - - - - - - -

Virginia........................................................ 3.25 3.11 3.15 2.24 2.55 1.69 0.93 2.47

 Underground.............................................. 3.25 3.07 2.56 2.09 2.38 1.68 0.82 2.25

 Surface....................................................... - 3.25 3.59 2.85 3.04 1.73 1.05 2.96

West Virginia Total .................................... 4.50 3.30 3.07 2.37 1.53 1.70 0.69 3.32

 Underground.............................................. 4.01 2.73 2.79 2.17 1.35 1.44 0.78 2.82

 Surface....................................................... 5.10 4.85 4.21 3.71 2.27 2.22 0.65 4.25

 Northern .................................................... 4.82 4.00 3.67 3.53 0.66 1.51 0.78 4.08

 Underground.............................................. 4.71 3.75 3.52 2.97 0.30 1.10 1.59 4.05

 Surface....................................................... 5.73 5.43 4.51 3.91 3.10 2.15 0.55 4.26

 Southern .................................................... 4.35 3.22 2.99 2.32 2.16 1.74 0.66 3.10

 Underground.............................................. 3.16 2.60 2.68 2.15 2.22 1.50 0.60 2.30

 Surface....................................................... 5.05 4.82 4.19 3.66 1.95 2.23 0.69 4.25

Wyoming...................................................... 33.75 - - 4.69 - - 0.35 33.30

 Underground.............................................. 6.47 - - - - - - 6.47

 Surface....................................................... 34.66 - - 4.69 - - 0.35 34.19

 

Appalachian Total ...................................... 4.32 3.23 3.32 2.47 1.94 1.85 1.13 3.10

 Underground.............................................. 4.00 2.88 2.92 2.21 1.71 1.59 0.69 2.91

 Surface....................................................... 5.17 3.91 3.83 2.87 2.27 2.06 1.34 3.44

 Northern .................................................... 5.01 3.59 3.94 2.48 1.65 1.85 1.35 3.87

 Underground.............................................. 4.98 3.97 3.76 2.03 0.48 1.25 0.68 4.29

 Surface....................................................... 5.73 3.02 4.15 2.70 2.28 1.94 1.49 2.76

 Central ....................................................... 4.23 3.17 3.17 2.47 2.16 1.90 1.01 2.86

 Underground.............................................. 3.17 2.70 2.72 2.26 2.00 1.63 0.83 2.29

 Surface....................................................... 5.13 4.30 3.84 3.10 2.57 2.37 1.14 3.74

 Southern .................................................... 2.19 2.86 3.10 2.46 1.25 1.09 0.09 2.23

 Underground.............................................. 2.19 - - 1.15 0.66 - 0.01 2.08

 Surface....................................................... - 2.86 3.10 2.64 1.46 1.09 1.04 2.49

Interior Total .............................................. 5.20 4.83 3.98 3.68 1.54 1.35 0.50 4.85

 Underground.............................................. 3.77 3.28 3.21 - 0.41 0.52 - 3.52

 Surface....................................................... 7.47 6.28 4.56 3.68 3.14 3.32 0.50 6.76

 Illinois Basin.............................................. 4.18 4.79 4.20 4.67 3.62 2.10 0.66 4.04

 Underground.............................................. 3.77 3.28 3.14 - - 0.67 - 3.56

 Surface....................................................... 5.76 6.31 5.25 4.67 3.62 3.32 0.66 5.39

Western Total.............................................. 21.30 4.68 4.11 4.69 - 1.46 0.93 20.40

 Underground.............................................. 7.30 4.68 2.76 - - 1.46 1.03 6.73

 Surface....................................................... 26.79 - 10.77 4.69 - - 0.35 26.28

 Powder River Basin.................................. 35.72 - - - - - - 35.30

 Surface....................................................... 35.72 - - - - - - 35.30

 Uinta Region.............................................. 7.22 4.68 3.12 - - - - 6.76

 Underground.............................................. 7.11 4.68 2.47 - - - - 6.60

 Surface....................................................... 7.95 - 14.53 - - - - 7.97

 

East of Miss. River...................................... 4.31 3.39 3.36 2.48 1.96 1.86 1.12 3.27

 Underground.............................................. 3.92 2.92 2.93 2.21 1.71 1.57 0.69 3.03

 Surface....................................................... 5.42 4.27 3.89 2.90 2.30 2.08 1.33 3.73

West of Miss. River..................................... 19.37 5.17 3.86 3.37 1.11 0.83 0.68 18.23

 Underground.............................................. 7.30 4.68 2.92 - 0.41 0.83 1.03 6.52

 Surface....................................................... 23.17 5.90 5.18 3.37 2.81 - 0.40 22.36

 

Subtotal........................................................ 9.59 3.41 3.38 2.49 1.92 1.84 1.11 6.27

 Underground.............................................. 4.42 2.93 2.93 2.21 1.63 1.54 0.70 3.34

 Surface....................................................... 16.34 4.28 3.94 2.92 2.31 2.08 1.32 10.25

 

Refuse Recovery.......................................... - - 15.26 6.91 8.06 4.51 0.39 5.77

 

U.S. Total....................................................  . 9.59 3.41 3.39 2.53 1.95 1.85 1.09 6.27

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, 

development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during 

the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
48 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2007 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Union Nonunion Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama................................................ 2.15 - 0.74 2.49

Alaska ................................................... - 5.83 - -

Arizona ................................................. - 7.92 - -

Arkansas ............................................... - - 0.41 -

Colorado ............................................... 4.93 6.81 7.57 8.83

Illinois................................................... 3.06 - 3.71 5.48

Indiana .................................................. - - 3.18 5.60

Kansas................................................... - - - 3.25

Kentucky Total ..................................... 3.18 3.29 2.66 3.57

 Eastern ................................................ 2.09 3.29 2.32 3.48

 Western............................................... 3.50 - 3.96 4.85

Louisiana .............................................. - - - 6.08

Maryland............................................... - - 2.09 3.23

Mississippi............................................ - - - 9.99

Missouri................................................ - - - 6.96

Montana................................................ - 18.40 1.46 37.36

New Mexico ......................................... 9.11 8.81 - 9.45

North Dakota ........................................ - 13.13 - 16.68

Ohio ...................................................... 3.74 - 5.37 3.10

Oklahoma.............................................. - - 2.65 2.89

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 3.97 0.93 4.77 2.41

 Anthracite ........................................... - 0.63 0.71 1.03

 Bituminous ......................................... 3.98 1.78 4.94 2.75

Tennessee.............................................. - - 1.92 2.20

Texas..................................................... - 8.94 - 8.63

Utah ...................................................... 4.53 - 6.32 -

Virginia................................................. 1.67 1.68 2.35 3.03

West Virginia Total .............................. 3.30 4.21 2.58 4.27

 Northern.............................................. 4.51 - 3.12 4.31

 Southern.............................................. 1.55 4.21 2.49 4.27

Wyoming .............................................. 6.47 8.58 - 36.36

Appalachian Total .............................. 3.13 3.34 2.82 3.48

 Northern............................................. 4.21 0.89 4.40 2.95

 Central ............................................... 1.61 3.97 2.39 3.74

 Southern............................................. 2.15 - 0.72 2.49

Interior Total ...................................... 3.21 8.62 3.61 6.17

 Illinois Basin...................................... 3.21 - 3.67 5.49

Western Total...................................... 6.20 11.11 6.96 32.37

 Powder River Basin........................... - 18.45 - 37.36

 Uinta Region...................................... 4.61 6.72 7.06 8.65

East of Miss. River.............................. 3.14 3.23 2.99 3.79

West of Miss. River............................. 6.20 10.41 6.65 28.31

U.S. Total............................................. 3.41 8.41 3.32 10.69 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, 

processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal 

and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 49
50 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Domestic Markets 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 51

Table 25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2007 

 Company Name Plant Location 

Top Ten Manufacturers

 Alcoa Inc (Aluminum Company of America) (IN)(TX)

 Archer Daniels Midland (IA)(IL)(MN)(ND)

 Cargill Incorporated (AL)(GA)(IA)(MI)(NC)(NY)(OH)(TN)

 Carmeuse Lime Inc (AL)(IL)(IN)(KY)(MI)(OH)(PA)

 Dakota Gasification Company (ND)

 Eastman Chemical Company (TN)

 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products LP (AL)(GA)(OK)(VA)(WI)

 International Paper Co (AL)(FL)(GA)(IN)(LA)(NC)(SC)(VA)

 Lafarge North America (AL)(IA)(IL)(KS)(MI)(MO)(NY)(OK)(PA)(SC)(WA)

 Mittal Steel USA (IN)

Other Major Manufacturers

 Abitibi Consolidated Sales Corp (AZ)

 Amalgamated Sugar Co, LLC (ID)

 American Crystal Sugar Co (MN)(ND)

 Ash Grove Cement Co (AR)(KS)(MT)(NE)(UT)

 Blue Ridge Paper Prod Inc (NC)

 Bowater Newsprint (AL)(TN)

 Buzzi Unicem USA (IL)(IN)(KS)(MO)(OK)(TX)

 California Portland Cement Co (AZ)(CA)

 Celanese Ltd (TX)

 Cemex Inc (CO)(KY)(PA)(TN)

 Central Power & Lime Inc (FL)

 Corn Products International (IL)(NC)

 ESSROC Materials Inc (IN)(MD)(PA)

 Eastman Kodak Company (NY)

 FMC Corporation (WY)

 General Chemical Corporation (WY)

 Holcim (US) Inc (AL)(CO)(IA)(MI)(MS)(SC)(UT)

 IMC Chemical Co (CA)

 International Steel Group Inc (IN)(MD)

 Kennecott Utah Copper (UT)

 Lehigh Cement Co (AL)(IA)(IN)(MD)(PA)

 Meadwestvaco Corporation (VA)

NewPage Corporation (MD)(MI)(SC)

North American Business Services (NABS) (AL)(CO)(IA)(MI)(MS)(SC)(UT)

 PPG Industries Inc (WV)

 Silver Bay Power Company (MN)

 Smurfit Stone Container Corp (FL)(MI)(SC)(VA)

 Stora Enso North America (WI)

 TXI Operations, LP (TX)

 Tate and Lyle Ingredients Americas Inc (IL)(IN)(TN)

Top Ten Coke Producers

 AK Steel Corp (KY)(OH)

 DTE Energy Services (MI)

 Drummond Company Inc (AL)

 Jewell Coke Company (IN)(VA)

 Mittal Steel USA (IN)

 Mountain State Carbon (WV)

 Sloss Industries (AL)

 Sun Coke Company (IN)(OH)(VA)

 United States Steel Corporation (IL)(IN)(PA)

 Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corporation (WV) 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Major manufactures are the top 40 coal consumers in the manufacturing sector. Major coke producers are the top 10 coal consumers in the coke plant sector. 

Manufacturers and coke producers are listed in alphabetical order. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration, Manufacturers: Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing Plants;" and, Coke Plants: 

Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants." 
52 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2007, 2006 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2007 2006 Total 

Census Division 

and State Electric 

Power1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Residential 

and 

Commercial

Electric 

Power 1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Residential 

and 

Commercial 

2007 2006 Percent 

Change 

New England ........................ 8,818 197 - 36 8,775 W - W 9,051 8,991 0.7

 Connecticut......................... 1,936 - - W 2,245 - - W W W -13.8

 Maine.................................. 136 W - W 147 W - W 251 259 -2.8

 Massachusetts..................... 5,120 W - W 4,750 W - W 5,229 4,843 8.0

 New Hampshire.................. 1,625 - - W 1,634 - - W W W -0.6

 Rhode Island....................... - - - W --- W W W -20.5

 Vermont.............................. - - - W --- W W W 22.7

Middle Atlantic .................... 69,995 3,645 W 852 69,988 W W W W 81,776 W

 New Jersey.......................... 4,669 - - W 4,635 W - W W 4,642 W

 New York ........................... 9,613 1,020 W 132 9,417 1,109 W 140 W W 1.0

 Pennsylvania....................... 55,712 2,625 W 717 55,936 2,792 W 624 W W -0.7

East North Central .............. 237,049 14,715 10,486 707 231,753 14,657 11,100 338 262,957 257,848 2.0

 Illinois................................. 56,488 3,673 W 162 53,939 3,608 W 134 W W 4.4

 Indiana ................................ 60,756 5,662 W 175 60,582 5,567 W 57 W W -0.3

 Michigan............................. 36,574 1,744 W 173 34,926 1,793 W 9 W W 4.7

 Ohio .................................... 59,452 1,874 W 142 58,604 1,931 W 110 W W 1.4

 Wisconsin ........................... 23,780 1,762 - 56 23,702 1,758 - 29 25,598 25,488 0.4

West North Central ............. 147,667 12,829 - 850 146,530 13,006 - 721 161,346 160,257 0.7

 Iowa .................................... 23,019 3,009 - 323 21,236 3,067 - 304 26,351 24,607 7.1

 Kansas................................. 22,780 241 - - 20,874 237 - s 23,020 21,110 9.0

 Minnesota ........................... 19,178 1,354 - 64 19,573 1,271 - 91 20,596 20,935 -1.6

 Missouri.............................. 44,094 1,086 - 196 45,603 1,065 - 217 45,376 46,884 -3.2

 Nebraska ............................. 12,267 427 - 5 12,881 420 - 5 12,700 13,307 -4.6

 North Dakota ...................... 24,639 W - W 24,298 W - W 31,341 31,073 0.9

 South Dakota ...................... 1,691 W - W 2,064 W - W 1,964 2,340 -16.1

South Atlantic ...................... 185,881 W W W 178,746 W W W 198,209 191,052 3.7

 Delaware............................. 2,462 W - W 2,189 W - W 2,566 2,291 12.0

 District of Columbia........... - - - W - - - - W - W

 Florida................................. 28,826 1,099 - 1 27,755 1,128 - s 29,925 28,883 3.6

 Georgia ............................... 40,803 1,512 - 2 38,890 1,587 - - 42,317 40,477 4.5

 Maryland............................. 11,884 1,221 - 36 11,638 1,259 - 42 13,142 12,939 1.6

 North Carolina.................... 32,412 1,148 - 45 30,456 1,225 - 117 33,606 31,797 5.7

 South Carolina.................... 16,524 1,270 - s 15,761 1,439 - 88 17,794 17,288 2.9

 Virginia............................... 14,913 1,941 W 83 14,194 2,031 W 27 W W 3.9

 West Virginia...................... 38,056 1,093 W 66 37,863 1,096 W 25 W W 1.9

East South Central .............. 115,540 W W W 116,699 W W W 124,550 125,789 -1.0

 Alabama.............................. 37,233 1,705 W 1 37,168 1,800 W 26 W W *

 Kentucky............................. 41,064 1,347 W 136 41,938 1,322 W 131 W W -2.0

 Mississippi.......................... 9,895 W - - 10,378 W - - W W -4.6

 Tennessee............................ 27,348 2,993 - 71 27,216 3,018 - 41 30,413 30,275 0.5

West South Central ............. 154,545 W - W 151,800 W - W 157,631 157,075 0.4

 Arkansas ............................. 15,629 397 - 1 14,614 365 - s 16,028 14,979 7.0

 Louisiana ............................ 15,453 W - W 16,337 W - - 15,524 W W

 Oklahoma............................ 20,547 747 - s 21,188 732 - 3 21,295 21,923 -2.9

 Texas................................... 102,916 1,868 - s 99,661 4,102 - s 104,784 103,763 1.0

Mountain .............................. 115,235 4,444 - 145 114,744 4,155 - 312 119,824 119,211 0.5

 Arizona ............................... 21,189 712 - 1 20,506 740 - 1 21,903 21,247 3.1

 Colorado ............................. 19,533 W - W 19,707 W - W 19,779 20,059 -1.4

 Idaho ................................... - 459 - 45 - 391 - 12 504 403 25.1

 Montana.............................. 11,929 W - W 11,302 W - W 12,041 11,531 4.4

 Nevada................................ 3,447 W - W 3,488 W - W 3,651 3,696 -1.2

 New Mexico ....................... 15,959 W - W 16,961 W - W 16,039 17,044 -5.9

 Utah .................................... 16,593 911 - 23 16,609 680 - 35 17,526 17,324 1.2

 Wyoming ............................ 26,585 1,738 - 59 26,170 1,685 - 51 28,382 27,906 1.7

Pacific.................................... 10,412 2,123 - 474 7,600 2,134 - 559 13,008 10,294 26.4

 Alaska ................................. 414 W - W 408 W - W 889 968 -8.1

 California............................ 961 1,818 - - 899 1,870 - 1 2,779 2,771 0.3

 Hawaii................................. 778 W - - 720 W - - W W 9.2

 Oregon ................................ 2,577 W - -1,449 W - - W W 71.5

 Washington......................... 5,681 W - W 4,125 W - W 5,818 4,219 37.9

U.S. Total.............................. 1,045,141 56,615 22,715 3,526 1,026,636 59,472 22,957 3,227 1,127,998 1,112,292 1.4 

1

 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary 

business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants 

 s Value is less than 0.05 of the table metric, but value is included in any associated total. 

 * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing 

Plants," Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants," Form EIA-6A, "Coal Distribution Report," Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and, 

Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 53

Table 27. Year-End Coal Stocks by Sector, by Census Division, 2007, 2006 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2007 2006 Total 

Census Division 

Electric 

Power1

Other 

Industrial Coke Producer and

Distributor 

Electric 

Power 1

Other 

Industrial Coke Producer and 

Distributor 2007 2006 Percent 

Change 

New England ........................ 964 39 - - 1,471 W - - 1,003 W W

Middle Atlantic .................... 5,147 389 W 2,558 6,702 421 W 3,277 W W -23.5

East North Central .............. 39,382 1,632 1,186 1,556 39,551 1,941 1,785 3,169 43,755 46,446 -5.8

West North Central ............. 26,827 1,267 - 1,806 20,455 1,539 - 712 29,900 22,706 31.7

South Atlantic ...................... 28,221 750 W 5,218 27,742 883 W 8,119 W W -6.8

East South Central .............. 12,585 370 W 6,371 12,357 466 W 6,139 W W 1.4

West South Central ............. 23,144 421 - 2,675 17,628 406 - 3,033 26,240 21,068 24.6

Mountain .............................. 13,631 524 - 13,588 12,752 443 - 11,944 27,743 25,139 10.4

Pacific.................................... 1,320 232 - 205 2,305 358 - 154 1,756 2,817 -37.7

U.S. Total.............................. 151,221 5,624 1,936 33,977 140,964 6,506 2,928 36,548 192,757 186,946 3.1 

1

 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary 

business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Stocks data for residential and commercial sector are not collected by EIA. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing 

Plants," Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants," and Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report."
54 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Average Mine Sales Price 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 55

Table 28. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2007, 2006 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

2007 2006 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama........................................ 53.93 57.92 55.56 43.13 55.32 48.39 25.0 4.7 14.8

Alaska ........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arizona ......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arkansas ....................................... W - W W - W W - W

Colorado ....................................... W W 24.91 24.10 24.70 24.27 W W 2.6

Illinois........................................... 33.44 34.37 33.60 30.86 32.78 31.17 8.4 4.8 7.8

Indiana .......................................... 33.84 26.79 28.79 33.70 24.66 27.27 0.4 8.7 5.6

Kansas........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Kentucky Total ............................. 43.80 43.36 43.62 41.42 44.82 42.73 5.8 -3.3 2.1

 Eastern ........................................ 49.80 44.67 47.27 46.88 46.46 46.68 6.2 -3.8 1.3

 Western....................................... 33.27 28.75 32.67 30.52 24.29 29.76 9.0 18.4 9.8

Louisiana ...................................... - W W - W W - W W

Maryland....................................... W W 33.02 W W 30.63 W W 7.8

Mississippi.................................... - W W - W W - W W

Missouri........................................ - W W - W W - W W

Montana........................................ W W 11.79 W W 10.42 W W 13.1

New Mexico ................................. W W 29.91 W W 29.15 W W 2.6

North Dakota ................................ - 11.56 11.56 - 10.70 10.70 - 8.0 8.0

Ohio .............................................. 28.32 30.17 28.79 26.72 28.93 27.40 6.0 4.3 5.1

Oklahoma...................................... W W 34.98 W W 30.75 W W 13.7

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 39.34 39.15 39.30 37.12 38.81 37.42 6.0 0.9 5.0

 Anthracite ................................... W W 52.24 72.79 37.89 43.61 W W 19.8

 Bituminous ................................. W W 39.04 36.99 38.90 37.30 W W 4.7

Tennessee...................................... 45.73 40.89 42.53 49.07 35.65 41.37 -6.8 14.7 2.8

Texas............................................. - 19.47 19.47 - 18.61 18.61 - 4.6 4.6

Utah .............................................. 25.69 - 25.69 24.98 - 24.98 2.9 - 2.9

Virginia......................................... 53.91 51.45 52.89 53.57 52.16 52.99 0.6 -1.4 -0.2

West Virginia Total ...................... 48.44 46.65 47.63 45.53 46.44 45.94 6.4 0.4 3.7

 Northern...................................... 37.77 37.05 37.67 35.26 36.95 35.48 7.1 0.3 6.2

 Southern...................................... 56.86 47.53 51.50 53.44 47.30 49.94 6.4 0.5 3.1

Wyoming ...................................... - 9.67 9.67 - 9.03 9.03 - 7.1 7.1

 

U.S. Total...................................... 40.29 19.41 26.20 38.28 18.88 25.16 5.3 2.8 4.1 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
56 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 29. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2007 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Continuous1 Conventional and 

Other2 Longwall3

 Total 

Alabama.................................................... W - W 53.93

Arkansas ................................................... W - - W

Colorado ................................................... W - W 25.11

Illinois....................................................... W - W 33.44

Indiana ...................................................... 33.84 - - 33.84

Kentucky Total ......................................... 43.73 W W 43.80

 Eastern .................................................... 49.91 W W 49.80

 Western................................................... 33.27 - - 33.27

Maryland................................................... W - - W

Montana.................................................... W - - W

New Mexico ............................................. - - W W

Ohio .......................................................... 28.83 W W 28.32

Oklahoma.................................................. W - - W

Pennsylvania Total ................................... 38.35 W W 39.34

 Anthracite ............................................... W W - W

 Bituminous ............................................. W - W W

Tennessee.................................................. 45.73 - - 45.73

Utah .......................................................... W - W 25.69

Virginia..................................................... W - W 53.91

West Virginia Total .................................. 54.06 - 42.02 48.44

 Northern.................................................. 39.20 - 37.58 37.77

 Southern.................................................. 55.68 - 64.20 56.86

Wyoming .................................................. - - - -

U.S. Total................................................. 44.22 38.52 36.68 40.29 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other 

methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 3

 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 57

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2007 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market Sales Price 

Alabama....................................................... 47 19,350 55.56

 Bibb ........................................................... 1 W W

 Cullman ..................................................... 1 W W

 Franklin...................................................... 1 W W

 Jackson....................................................... 3 W W

 Jefferson..................................................... 10 3,572 68.38

 Marion ....................................................... 2 W W

 Shelby ........................................................ 4 309 63.79

 Tuscaloosa ................................................. 9 10,800 50.39

 Walker ....................................................... 13 3,004 55.14

 Winston...................................................... 3 W W

Alaska .......................................................... 1WW

 Yukon-Koyukuk Division ......................... 1 W W

Arizona ........................................................ 1WW

 Navajo........................................................ 1 W W

Arkansas...................................................... 1WW

 Sebastian.................................................... 1 W W

Colorado ...................................................... 11 34,410 24.91

 Delta........................................................... 1 W W

 Garfield...................................................... 1 W W

 Gunnison.................................................... 2 W W

 La Plata...................................................... 1 W W

 Moffat ........................................................ 3 W W

 Montrose.................................................... 1 W W

 Rio Blanco................................................. 1--

 Routt .......................................................... 1 W W

Illinois .......................................................... 21 29,830 33.60

 Gallatin ...................................................... 1 W W

 Jackson....................................................... 3 W W

 Macoupin................................................... 3 W W

 Perry........................................................... 4 1,498 34.66

 Randolph.................................................... 1 W W

 Saline ......................................................... 3 W W

 Sangamon .................................................. 1 W W

 Vermilion................................................... 1 W W

 Wabash ...................................................... 2 W W

 White ......................................................... 1 W W

 Williamson ................................................ 1 W W

Indiana......................................................... 27 30,556 28.79

 Daviess....................................................... 2 W W

 Dubois........................................................ 1 W W

 Gibson........................................................ 7 12,260 28.42

 Knox .......................................................... 6 4,331 34.37

 Pike ............................................................ 7 W W

 Sullivan...................................................... 1 W W

 Vigo ........................................................... 2 W W

 Warrick ...................................................... 1 W W

Kansas.......................................................... 2WW

 Bourbon ..................................................... 1 W W

 Linn............................................................ 1 W W

Kentucky...................................................... 357 112,655 43.62

 Bell............................................................. 17 3,740 48.42

 Breathitt ..................................................... 8 2,046 44.77

 Clay............................................................ 1--

 Daviess....................................................... 1 W W

 Floyd.......................................................... 38 4,682 41.91

 Harlan ........................................................ 48 10,474 46.50

 Henderson.................................................. 3 W W

 Hopkins...................................................... 5 W W

 Jackson....................................................... 2 W W

 Johnson ...................................................... 5 W W

 Knott .......................................................... 34 6,064 45.93

 Knox .......................................................... 5 W W

 Laurel......................................................... 1 W W

 Lawrence ................................................... 4 W W

 Leslie ......................................................... 13 4,619 43.94

 Letcher....................................................... 28 4,440 46.54

 Magoffin .................................................... 6 W W

 Martin ........................................................ 12 5,076 47.41

See footnotes at end of table. 
58 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2007 

(Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market 

Sales Price 

Kentucky (continued) 

 Morgan....................................................... 1 W W

 Muhlenberg................................................ 8 W W

 Owsley....................................................... 2 W W

 Perry........................................................... 32 16,633 45.73

 Pike ............................................................ 75 22,148 51.76

 Union ......................................................... 2 W W

 Webster...................................................... 3 W W

 Whitley ...................................................... 3 W W

Louisiana ..................................................... 2WW

 De Soto ...................................................... 1 W W

 Red River................................................... 1 W W

Maryland ..................................................... 16 2,179 33.02

 Allegany..................................................... 10 1,416 28.14

 Garrett........................................................ 6 763 42.06

Mississippi ................................................... 1WW

 Choctaw..................................................... 1 W W

Missouri ....................................................... 2WW

 Bates .......................................................... 2 W W

Montana....................................................... 6 41,400 11.79

 Big Horn .................................................... 3 W W

 Musselshell................................................ 1 W W

 Richland..................................................... 1 W W

 Rosebud ..................................................... 1 W W

New Mexico ................................................. 4 19,706 29.91

 McKinley................................................... 2 W W

 San Juan..................................................... 2 W W

North Dakota .............................................. 4 25,770 11.56

 McLean...................................................... 1 W W

 Mercer........................................................ 2 W W

 Oliver......................................................... 1 W W

Ohio.............................................................. 48 21,909 28.79

 Athens........................................................ 1 W W

 Belmont ..................................................... 6 W W

 Carroll........................................................ 2 W W

 Columbiana................................................ 3 W W

 Coshocton.................................................. 1 W W

 Harrison ..................................................... 9 2,056 34.29

 Jackson....................................................... 1 W W

 Jefferson..................................................... 7 1,028 29.43

 Mahoning................................................... 1 W W

 Monroe....................................................... 1 W W

 Muskingum................................................ 1 W W

 Noble ......................................................... 2 W W

 Perry........................................................... 4 1,580 28.38

 Stark........................................................... 4 W W

 Tuscarawas ................................................ 4 W W

 Vinton ........................................................ 1 W W

Oklahoma .................................................... 8 1,637 34.98

 Craig .......................................................... 1 W W

 Haskell....................................................... 1 W W

 Le Flore...................................................... 5 W W

 Nowata....................................................... 1 W W

Pennsylvania ............................................... 168 62,526 39.30

 Allegheny................................................... 3 W W

 Armstrong.................................................. 18 4,217 36.03

 Beaver........................................................ 1 W W

 Butler......................................................... 2 W W

 Cambria ..................................................... 9 733 47.67

 Cameron..................................................... 1 W W

 Centre......................................................... 1 W W

 Clarion ....................................................... 4 W W

 Clearfield ................................................... 22 4,064 41.70

 Columbia ................................................... 2 W W

 Elk.............................................................. 5 W W

 Fayette ....................................................... 7 W W

 Greene........................................................ 8 39,819 39.61

 Indiana ....................................................... 18 1,226 31.36

 Jefferson..................................................... 8 379 37.29

 Lackawanna............................................... 2 W W

 Lawrence ................................................... 1 W W

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 59

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2007 

(Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market 

Sales Price 

Pennsylvania (continued) 

 Luzerne ...................................................... 6 248 71.74

 Lycoming................................................... 1 W W

 Mercer........................................................ 1 W W

 Northumberland......................................... 3 W W

 Schuylkill................................................... 19 W W

 Somerset .................................................... 20 3,865 37.04

 Venango..................................................... 1 W W

 Washington................................................ 3 W W

 Westmoreland............................................ 2 W W

Tennessee..................................................... 15 2,621 42.53

 Anderson.................................................... 2 W W

 Campbell.................................................... 4 W W

 Claiborne ................................................... 9 1,774 39.07

Texas ............................................................ 11 12,884 19.47

 Atascosa..................................................... 1--

 Bastrop....................................................... 1--

 Freestone.................................................... 1--

 Harrison ..................................................... 1 W W

 Hopkins...................................................... 1--

 Leon........................................................... 1 W W

 Panola ........................................................ 2--

 Robertson................................................... 1 W W

 Rusk........................................................... 1--

 Titus........................................................... 1--

Utah.............................................................. 10 18,908 25.69

 Carbon ....................................................... 5 10,305 27.31

 Emery......................................................... 4 W W

 Sevier......................................................... 1 W W

Virginia........................................................ 109 17,789 52.89

 Buchanan ................................................... 36 5,995 57.50

 Dickenson .................................................. 13 767 49.11

 Lee ............................................................. 3 W W

 Russell ....................................................... 8 W W

 Tazewell..................................................... 6 W W

 Wise........................................................... 43 9,222 52.01

West Virginia .............................................. 265 138,738 47.63

 Barbour...................................................... 5 W W

 Boone......................................................... 42 31,879 51.93

 Brooke ....................................................... 2 W W

 Clay............................................................ 3 W W

 Fayette ....................................................... 20 5,833 51.08

 Grant .......................................................... 1 W W

 Greenbrier.................................................. 6 793 65.34

 Harrison ..................................................... 6 W W

 Kanawha .................................................... 18 11,159 49.31

 Lincoln....................................................... 3 W W

 Logan......................................................... 21 11,301 42.36

 Marion ....................................................... 2 W W

 Marshall..................................................... 2 W W

 Mason ........................................................ 1 W W

 McDowell .................................................. 43 4,319 62.05

 Mineral....................................................... 2 W W

 Mingo......................................................... 25 9,469 53.48

 Monongalia................................................ 6 W W

 Nicholas..................................................... 8 W W

 Preston ....................................................... 1--

 Raleigh....................................................... 19 6,944 59.67

 Randolph.................................................... 2 W W

 Tucker........................................................ 1 W W

 Upshur ....................................................... 2 W W

 Wayne........................................................ 5 W W

 Webster...................................................... 5 W W

 Wyoming ................................................... 14 4,728 60.65

Wyoming...................................................... 19 375,775 9.67

 Campbell.................................................... 12 332,950 9.28

 Carbon ....................................................... 1 W W

 Converse .................................................... 1 W W

 Lincoln....................................................... 1 W W

 Sweetwater ................................................ 4 3,658 16.72

U.S. Total....................................................  . 1,156 983,770 26.20

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
60 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 31. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2007 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total 

Alabama............................................. 55.56 - - - 55.56

Alaska ................................................ - W - - W

Arizona .............................................. W --- W

Arkansas ............................................ W --- W

Colorado ............................................ W W - - 24.91

Illinois................................................ 33.60 - - - 33.60

Indiana ............................................... 28.79 - - - 28.79

Kansas................................................ W --- W

Kentucky Total .................................. 43.62 - - - 43.62

 Eastern ............................................. 47.27 - - - 47.27

 Western............................................ 32.67 - - - 32.67

Louisiana ........................................... - - W - W

Maryland............................................ 33.02 - - - 33.02

Mississippi......................................... - - W - W

Missouri............................................. W --- W

Montana............................................. - W W - 11.79

New Mexico ...................................... W W - - 29.91

North Dakota ..................................... - - 11.56 - 11.56

Ohio ................................................... 28.79 - - - 28.79

Oklahoma........................................... 34.98 - - - 34.98

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 39.04 - - 52.24 39.30

 Anthracite ........................................ - - - 52.24 52.24

 Bituminous ...................................... 39.04 - - - 39.04

Tennessee........................................... 42.53 - - - 42.53

Texas.................................................. - - 19.47 - 19.47

Utah ................................................... 25.69 - - - 25.69

Virginia.............................................. 52.89 - - - 52.89

West Virginia Total ........................... 47.63 - - - 47.63

 Northern........................................... 37.67 - - - 37.67

 Southern........................................... 51.50 - - - 51.50

Wyoming ........................................... W W - - 9.67

 

U.S. Total........................................... 40.80 10.69 14.89 52.24 26.20 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 61

Table 32. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2007 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Underground Surface Total 

Over 1,000 .................................................... 37.29 15.34 21.58

500 to 1,000.................................................. 45.00 41.48 43.33

200 to 500 ..................................................... 48.04 43.87 45.83

100 to 200 ..................................................... 52.13 42.73 47.44

50 to 100 ....................................................... 48.74 44.91 46.71

10 to 50 ......................................................... 49.63 40.88 44.24

U.S. Total..................................................... 40.29 19.41 26.20 

 Note:  Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
62 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2007 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Open Market1

 Captive2

Alabama......................................................................................... 55.56 -

Alaska ............................................................................................ W -

Arizona .......................................................................................... W -

Arkansas ........................................................................................ W -

Colorado ........................................................................................ 24.91 W

Illinois............................................................................................ 33.60 34.03

Indiana ........................................................................................... 28.79 34.83

Kansas............................................................................................ W -

Kentucky Total .............................................................................. 43.62 42.94

 Eastern ......................................................................................... 47.27 W

 Western........................................................................................ 32.67 W

Louisiana ....................................................................................... W W

Maryland........................................................................................ 33.02 -

Mississippi..................................................................................... W -

Missouri......................................................................................... W -

Montana......................................................................................... 11.79 W

New Mexico .................................................................................. 29.91 W

North Dakota ................................................................................. 11.56 W

Ohio ............................................................................................... 28.79 26.60

Oklahoma....................................................................................... 34.98 W

Pennsylvania Total ........................................................................ 39.30 54.29

 Anthracite .................................................................................... 52.24 W

 Bituminous .................................................................................. 39.04 W

Tennessee....................................................................................... 42.53 -

Texas.............................................................................................. W 15.20

Utah ............................................................................................... 25.69 W

Virginia.......................................................................................... 52.89 60.83

West Virginia Total ....................................................................... 47.63 52.78

 Northern....................................................................................... 37.67 49.52

 Southern....................................................................................... 51.50 53.92

Wyoming ....................................................................................... 9.67 13.62

U.S. Total...................................................................................... 26.20 23.57 

1

 Open market includes coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2

 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold, by the total open market 

coal sold. An average captive market sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the captive market coal sold, by the total captive 

market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge 

operations. 

 Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 63

Average Consumer Prices 
64 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Table 34. Average Price of Coal Delivered to End Use Sector by Census Division and State, 2007, 2006 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

2007 2006 Annual Percent Change 

Census Division 

and State Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

New England ................................ 75.92 92.45 - 67.59 W - 12.3 W -

 Connecticut................................ - - - - - - - - -

 Maine......................................... - W -- W - - -1.1 -

 Massachusetts............................ - W - 68.02 W - -100.0 18.2 -

 New Hampshire......................... 75.92 - - 67.49 - - 12.5 - -

 Rhode Island.............................. - - - - - - - - -

 Vermont..................................... - - - - - - - - -

Middle Atlantic ............................ 60.20 59.86 W 55.69 W W 8.1 W 9.8

 New Jersey................................. 96.94 - - 74.36 W - 30.4 W -

 New York .................................. 58.98 72.36 W 58.48 74.79 W 0.9 -3.3 -3.4

 Pennsylvania.............................. - 54.81 W 39.35 52.46 W -100.0 4.5 10.5

East North Central ...................... 34.42 59.04 99.20 33.03 56.98 99.48 4.2 3.6 -0.3

 Illinois........................................ 27.44 37.49 W 25.16 36.95 W 9.1 1.5 -1.4

 Indiana ....................................... 33.89 61.79 W 31.94 59.83 W 6.1 3.3 0.1

 Michigan.................................... 33.42 74.57 W 32.67 71.34 W 2.3 4.5 *

 Ohio ........................................... 39.56 68.75 W 39.92 64.81 W -0.9 6.1 0.7

 Wisconsin .................................. 29.75 68.39 - 26.14 64.32 - 13.8 6.3 -

West North Central ..................... 20.28 27.71 - 17.95 28.18 - 13.0 -1.7 -

 Iowa ........................................... 18.18 44.00 - 17.68 45.86 - 2.8 -4.1 -

 Kansas........................................ 21.12 50.87 - 20.54 48.04 - 2.8 5.9 -

 Minnesota .................................. 26.56 41.58 - 21.55 43.14 - 23.2 -3.6 -

 Missouri..................................... 23.38 47.30 - 19.46 45.72 - 20.1 3.5 -

 Nebraska .................................... 14.96 39.69 - 13.66 36.71 - 9.5 8.1 -

 North Dakota ............................. 13.02 W - 11.71 W - 11.2 2.0 -

 South Dakota ............................. 26.57 W - 25.81 W - 2.9 2.9 -

South Atlantic .............................. 57.89 W W 56.23 W W 2.9 -0.1 8.1

 Delaware.................................... - W -- W - - -4.3 -

 District of Columbia.................. - - - - - - - - -

 Florida........................................ 61.13 82.60 - 61.22 84.16 - -0.1 -1.9 -

 Georgia ...................................... 57.09 81.24 - 52.59 83.85 - 8.6 -3.1 -

 Maryland.................................... - 60.01 - - 58.84 - - 2.0 -

 North Carolina........................... 67.92 77.34 - 65.92 75.17 - 3.0 2.9 -

 South Carolina........................... 58.32 79.45 - 58.42 81.80 - -0.2 -2.9 -

 Virginia...................................... 59.81 69.95 W 59.88 67.13 W -0.1 4.2 -6.4

 West Virginia............................. 43.80 66.80 W 41.85 67.95 W 4.7 -1.7 21.1

East South Central ...................... 44.13 W W 41.53 W W 6.3 3.5 -3.7

 Alabama..................................... 43.74 75.76 W 45.86 68.27 W -4.6 11.0 -1.7

 Kentucky.................................... 41.49 70.01 W 40.29 70.68 W 3.0 -0.9 -6.7

 Mississippi................................. 67.22 W - 54.62 W - 23.1 4.3 -

 Tennessee................................... 42.61 67.83 - 36.22 66.90 - 17.6 1.4 -

West South Central ..................... 26.00 W - 23.46 W - 10.8 47.1 -

 Arkansas .................................... 27.95 72.43 - 25.79 67.28 - 8.4 7.6 -

 Louisiana ................................... 34.25 W - 28.00 W - 22.3 -7.2 -

 Oklahoma................................... 20.22 40.26 - 18.96 38.59 - 6.6 4.3 -

 Texas.......................................... 26.53 53.57 - 24.00 32.65 - 10.5 64.1 -

Mountain ...................................... 27.25 41.68 - 24.80 38.28 - 9.9 8.9 -

 Arizona ...................................... 31.19 59.21 - 28.48 48.22 - 9.5 22.8 -

 Colorado .................................... 24.59 W - 25.18 W - -2.3 27.9 -

 Idaho .......................................... - 41.27 - - 40.57 - - 1.7 -

 Montana..................................... 14.77 W - 14.54 W - 1.6 2.7 -

 Nevada....................................... 41.97 W - 39.75 W - 5.6 6.3 -

 New Mexico .............................. 32.87 W - 29.01 W - 13.3 22.2 -

 Utah ........................................... 30.66 43.35 - 27.49 44.46 - 11.5 -2.5 -

 Wyoming ................................... 18.53 29.68 - 17.61 27.08 - 5.2 9.6 -

Pacific............................................ 23.06 66.46 - 21.62 58.12 - 6.7 14.3 -

 Alaska ........................................ - - - - - - - - -

 California................................... - 66.58 - - 57.63 - - 15.5 -

 Hawaii........................................ - W -- W - - 7.7 -

 Oregon ....................................... 23.06 W - 21.62 W - 6.7 7.8 -

 Washington................................ - W -- W - - 4.7 -

U.S. Total...................................... 36.06 54.42 94.97 34.26 51.67 92.87 5.3 5.3 2.3 

 * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Includes manufacturing plants only. 

 Source:  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants, Energy Information 

Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Qualtiy Report, Manufacturing Plants," and Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, 

Coke Plants." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 65

Glossary 

American Indian Coal Lease: A lease granted to a 

mining company to produce coal from American Indian 

lands in exchange for royalties and other revenues; 

obtained by direct negotiation with Indian tribal 

authorities, but subject to approval and administration by 

the U.S. Department of the Interior. 

Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for 

residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, 

brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard 

coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a 

low percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content 

of fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 

percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 

28 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matterfree basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed 

in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short 

ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both 

inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note: Since the 

1980's, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for 

steam electric power generation. This fuel typically has a 

heat content of 15 million Btu per short ton or less. 

Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Area (Surface) Mining: A method used on flat terrain to 

recover coal by mining long cuts or pits successively. 

The material excavated from the cut being mined is 

deposited in the cut previously mined. 

Auger Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered 

through the use of a large-diameter drill driven into a 

coalbed in a hillside. It usually follows contour surface 

mining, particularly when the overburden is too costly to 

excavate. 

Average Number of Employees: The arithmetic mean 

number of employees working each day at a mining 

operation. Includes maintenance, office, as well as 

production-related employees. 

Average Open Market Sales Price: The ratio of the 

total value of the open market sales of coal produced at 

the mine to the total open market sales tonnage. 

Average Production per Miner per Hour: The ratio of 

the total production at a mining operation to the total 

direct labor hours worked at the operation. 

Average Recovery Percentage: Average recovery 

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be 

recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, 

averaged for all mines in the reported geographic area. 

Bed, Coalbed: All the coal and partings lying between a 

roof and floor. 

Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, 

sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of 

bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steamelectric power generation, with substantial quantities also 

used for heat and power applications in manufacturing 

and to make coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant 

coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content 

usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of 

bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per ton 

on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content 

of bituminous coal consumed in the United States 

averages 24 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis 

(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 

matter). 

Capacity Utilization: Capacity utilization is computed 

by dividing production by productive capacity and 

multiplying by 100. 

Captive Coal: Coal produced and consumed by the mine 

operator, a subsidiary, or parent company (for example, 

steel companies and electric utilities). 

Census Divisions: The nine geographic divisions of the 

United States established by the Bureau of the Census, 

U.S. Department of Commerce for statistical analysis. 

The boundaries of Census divisions coincide with State 

boundaries. In some cases, the Pacific Division is 

subdivided into the Pacific Contiguous and Pacific 

Noncontiguous areas. 

Central Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing 

Regions. 

CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight. 

Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black 

rock whose composition, including inherent moisture, 

consists of more than 50 percent by weight and more 

than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It 

is formed from plant remains that have been compacted, 

hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by 

heat and pressure over geologic time. 

Coal Carbonized: The amount of coal decomposed into 

solid coke and gaseous products by heating in a coke 

oven in a limited air supply or in the absence of air. 

Coal (coke): See Coke (coal). 
66 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Coal Mining Productivity: Coal mining productivity is 

calculated by dividing total coal production by the total 

direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. 

Coal Preparation/Washing: The treatment of coal to 

reject waste. In its broadest sense, preparation is any 

processing of mined coal to prepare it for market, 

including crushing and screening or sieving the coal to 

reach a uniform size, which normally results in removal 

of some non-coal material. The term coal preparation 

most commonly refers to processing, including crushing 

and screening, passing the material through one or more 

processes to remove impurities, sizing the product, and 

loading for shipment. Many of the processes separate 

rock, clay, and other minerals from coal in a liquid 

medium; hence the term washing is widely used. In some 

cases coal passes through a drying step before loading. 

Coal-Producing Regions: A geographic classification 

of areas where coal is produced. 

Appalachian Region. Consists of Alabama, Eastern 

Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, 

Virginia, and West Virginia. 

Northern Appalachian Region. Consists of Maryland, 

Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Northern West Virginia. 

Central Appalachian Region. Consists of Eastern 

Kentucky, Virginia, Southern West Virginia, and the 

Tennessee counties of: Anderson, Campbell, Claiborne, 

Cumberland, Fentress, Morgan, Overton, Pickett, 

Putnam, Roane, and Scott. 

Southern Appalachian Region: Consists of Alabama, and 

the Tennessee counties of: Bledsoe, Coffee, Franklin, 

Grundy, Hamilton, Marion, Rhea, Sequatchie, Van 

Buren, Warren, and White. 

Interior Region (with Gulf Coast). Consists of Arkansas, 

Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, 

Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, and Western Kentucky. 

Illinois Basin: Consists of Illinois, Indiana, and Western 

Kentucky. 

Western Region. Consists of Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, 

Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, 

Washington, and Wyoming. 

Powder River Basin: Consists of the Montana counties 

of Big Horn, Custer, Powder River, Rosebud, and 

Treasure and the Wyoming counties of Campbell, 

Converse, Crook, Johnson, Natrona, Niobrara, Sheridan, 

and Weston. 

Uinta Basin: Consists of the Colorado counties of Delta, 

Garfield, Gunnison, Mesa, Moffat, Pitkin, Rio Blanco, 

Routt and the Utah counties of Carbon, Duchesne, 

Emery, Grand, Sanpete, Sevier, Uintah, Utah, and 

Wasatch. 

Coal-Producing States: The States where mined and/or 

purchased coal originates are defined as follows: 

Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, 

Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky Eastern, Kentucky Western, 

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, 

New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, 

Pennsylvania anthracite, Pennsylvania bituminous, 

Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West 

Virginia Northern, West Virginia Southern, and 

Wyoming. The following Coal-Producing States are split 

in origin of coal, as defined by: 

Kentucky, Eastern. All mines in the following counties 

in Eastern Kentucky: Bell, Boyd, Breathitt, Carter, Clay, 

Clinton, Elliot, Estill, Floyd, Greenup, Harlan, Jackson, 

Johnson, Knott, Knox, Laurel, Lawrence, Lee, Leslie, 

Letcher, Lewis, Magoffin, Martin, McCreary, Menifee, 

Morgan, Owsley, Perry, Pike, Powell, Pulaski, 

Rockcastle, Rowan, Wayne, Whitley, and Wolfe. 

 

Kentucky, Western. All mines in the following counties 

in Western Kentucky: Breckinridge, Butler, Caldwell, 

Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Edmonson, Grayson, 

Hancock, Hart, Henderson, Hopkins, Logan, McLean, 

Muhlenberg, Ohio, Todd, Union, Warren, and Webster. 

Pennsylvania Anthracite. All mines in the following 

counties: Carbon, Columbia, Dauphin, Lackawanna, 

Lebanon, Luzerne, Northumberland, Schuylkill, 

Sullivan, and Susquehanna. All anthracite mines in 

Bradford County. 

Pennsylvania Bituminous. All mines located in the 

following counties: Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, 

Bedford, Butler, Cambria, Clarion, Clearfield, Elk, 

Fayette, Greene, Indiana, Jefferson, Lawrence, 

Lycoming, Somerset, Venango, Washington, and 

Westmoreland, and all bituminous mines in Bradford 

County. 

West Virginia, Northern. All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 1, 

3, & 6): Barbour, Brooke, Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, 

Gilmer, Grant, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Lewis, 

Marion, Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, Ohio, Pleasants, 

Preston, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor, Tucker, 

Tyler, Upshur, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and Wood. 

West Virginia, Southern. All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 7 

& 8): Boone, Cabell, Clay, Fayette, Greenbrier, 

Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mason, McDowell, Mercer, 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 67

Mingo, Nicholas, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, 

Summers, Wayne, and Wyoming. 

Coal Rank: The classification of coals according to their 

degree of progressive alteration from lignite to 

anthracite. In the United States, the standard ranks of 

coal include lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous 

coal, and anthracite and are based on fixed carbon, 

volatile matter, heating value, and agglomerating (or 

caking) properties. 

Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in storage for 

future use and disposition. Note: When coal data are 

collected for a particular reporting period (month, 

quarter, or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as 

of the last day of this period. 

 Coalbed: A bed or stratum of coal. Also called a coal 

seam. 

Cogenerator: A generating facility that produces 

electricity and another form of useful thermal energy 

(such as heat or steam) used for industrial, commercial, 

heating, and cooling purposes. To receive status as a 

qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility 

Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), the facility must 

produce electric energy and "another form of useful 

thermal energy through the sequential use of energy," 

and meet certain ownership, operating, and efficiency 

criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory 

Commission (FERC). (See the Code of Federal 

Regulation, Title 18, Part 292.) 

Coke (coal): A solid carbonaceous residue derived from 

low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the 

volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven 

at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so 

that the fixed carbon and residual ash are fused together. 

Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in 

smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from coal is 

grey, hard, and porous and has a heating value of 24.8 

million Btu per short ton. 

Coke Plants: Plants where coal is carbonized in slot or 

beehive ovens for the manufacture of coke. 

Coking Coal: Bituminous coal suitable for making coke. 

See Coke (coal). 

Continuous Mining: A form of room-and-pillar mining 

in which a continuous mining machine extracts and 

removes coal from the working face in one operation; no 

blasting is required. 

Conventional Mining: The oldest form of room-andpillar mining which consists of a series of operations that 

involve cutting the coalbed so it breaks easily when 

blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and then 

loading the broken coal. 

Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A type of sale in which 

the buyer of the product agrees to pay a unit price that 

includes the F.O.B. value of the product at the point of 

origin plus all costs of insurance and transportation. This 

type of transaction differs from a "delivered" purchase in 

that the buyer accepts the quantity as determined at the 

loading port (as certified by the Bill of Loading and 

Quality Report) rather than pay on the basis of the 

quantity and quality ascertained at the unloading port. It 

is similar to the terms of an F.O.B. sale, except that the 

seller, as a service for which he is compensated, arranges 

for transportation and insurance. 

Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as 

much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined 

as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat 

value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. 

Demonstrated Reserve Base: A collective term for the 

sum of coal in both measured and indicated resource 

categories of reliability which represents 100 percent of 

the coal in these categories in place as of a certain date. 

Includes beds of bituminous coal and anthracite 28 

inches or more thick and beds of subbituminous coal 60 

inches or more thick that occur at depths to 1 thousand 

feet. Includes beds of lignite 60 inches or more thick that 

can be surface mined. Includes also thinner and/or deeper 

beds that presently are being mined or for which there is 

evidence that they could be mined commercially at this 

time. Represents that portion of identified coal resources 

from which reserves are calculated. 

Direct Labor Hours: Direct labor hours worked by all 

mining employees at a mining operation during the year. 

Includes hours worked by those employees engaged in 

production, preparation, development, maintenance, 

repair, shop or yard work, management, office workers, 

and technical or engineering work. 

Dredge Mining: A method of recovering coal from 

rivers or streams. 

Drift Mine: An underground mine that has a horizontal 

or nearly horizontal entry driven along to a coalbed 

exposed in a hillside. 

Electric Power Sector: The electric power sector 

(electric utilities and independent power producers) 

comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power 

(CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell 

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. 

Estimated Recoverable Reserves: See recoverable 

reserves. 
68 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

F.O.B. Rail/Barge Price: The free on board price of 

coal at the point of first sale. It excludes freight or 

shipping and insurance costs.

Federal Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining 

company to produce coal from land owned and 

administered by the Federal Government in exchange for 

royalties and other revenues. 

Hand Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by manual 

labor through the use of a shovel for conveyance to the 

surface. 

Illinois Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Indicated Resources: Coal for which estimates of the 

rank, quality, and quantity have been computed partly 

from sample analyses and measurements and partly from 

reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are 

computed partly from specified measurements and partly 

from projection of visible data for a reasonable distance 

on the basis of geologic evidence. The points of 

observation are 0.5 to 1.5 miles apart. Indicated coal is 

projected to extend as a 0.5-mile-wide belt that lies more 

than 0.25 miles from the outcrop or points of observation 

or measurement. 

Industrial Sector: The industrial sector is comprised of 

manufacturing industries which make up the largest part 

of the sector, along with mining, construction, 

agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Establishments in the 

sector range from steel mills, to small farms, to 

companies assembling electronic components. 

Interior Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as 

brown coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steamelectric power generation. It is brownish-black and has a 

high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 

percent The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 

million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. 

The heat content of lignite consumed in the United States 

averages 13 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis 

(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 

matter). 

Longwall Mining: An automated form of underground 

coal mining characterized by high recovery and 

extraction rates, feasible only in relatively flat-lying, 

thick, and uniform coalbeds. A high-powered cutting 

machine is passed across the exposed face of coal, 

shearing away broken coal, which is continuously hauled 

away by a floor-level conveyor system. Longwall mining 

extracts all machine-minable coal between the floor and 

ceiling within a contiguous block of coal, known as a 

panel, leaving no support pillars within the panel area. 

Panel dimensions vary over time and with mining 

conditions but currently average about 900 feet wide 

(coal face width) and more than 8,000 feet long (the 

minable extent of the panel, measured in direction of 

mining). Longwall mining is done under movable roof 

supports that are advanced as the bed is cut. The roof in 

the mined-out area is allowed to fall as the mining 

advances. 

Manufacturing (except coke plants): Those industrial 

users/plants, not including coke plants, that are engaged 

in the mechanical or chemical transformation of 

materials or substances into new (i.e., finished or 

semifinished) products. Includes coal used for 

gasification/liquifaction and coal used for coal synfuels. 

Minable: Capable of being mined under current mining 

technology and environmental and legal restrictions, 

rules, and regulations. 

Mine Type: See Surface Mine and Underground Mine. 

Northern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Number of Mines: The number of mines, or mines 

collocated with preparation plants or tipples, located in a 

particular geographic area (State or region). 

Number of Mining Operations: The number of mining 

operations includes preparation plants. Mining 

operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant, 

or a preparation plant only, will be counted as two 

operations if the preparation plant processes both 

underground and surface coal. 

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market, i.e., 

coal sold to companies other than the reporting 

company's parent company or an operating subsidiary of 

the parent company. 

Operating Subsidiary: A company which is controlled 

through the ownership of voting stock, or a corporate 

joint venture in which a corporation is owned by a small 

group of businesses as a separate and specific business or 

project for the mutual benefit of the members of the 

group. 

Other Industrial Plant: Industrial users, not including 

coke plants, engaged in the mechanical or chemical 

transformation of materials or substances into new 

products (manufacturing); and companies engaged in the 

agriculture, mining, or construction industries. 

Parent Company: A company which solely or jointly 

owns the reporting company and which is not itself a 

subsidiary of, or owned by, another company. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 69

Percent Utilization: The ratio of total production to 

productive capacity, times 100. 

Powder River Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Preparation Plant: A facility at which coal is crushed, 

screened, and mechanically cleaned. 

Productive Capacity: The maximum amount of coal 

that a mining operation can produce or process during a 

period with the existing mining equipment and/or 

preparation plant in place, assuming that the labor and 

materials sufficient to utilize the plant and equipment are 

available, and that the market exists for the maximum 

production. 

Recoverability: In reference to accessible coal 

resources, the condition of being physically, 

technologically, and economically minable. Recovery 

rates and recovery factors may be determined or 

estimated for coal resources without certain knowledge 

of their economic minability; therefore, the availability 

of recovery rates or factors does not predict 

recoverability. 

Recoverable Coal: Coal that is, or can be, extracted 

from a coal bed during mining. 

Recoverable Reserves at Producing Mines: The 

amount of in situ coal that can be recovered by mining 

existing reserves at mines reporting on Form EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves, Estimated Recoverable 

Reserves: Reserve estimates (broad meaning) based on a 

demonstrated reserve base adjusted for assumed 

accessibility factors and recovery factors. The term is 

used by EIA to distinguish estimated recoverable 

reserves, which are derived without specific economic 

feasibility criteria by factoring (downward) from a 

demonstrated reserve base for one or more study areas or 

regions, from recoverable reserves at active mines, which 

are aggregated (upward) from reserve estimates reported 

by currently active, economically viable mines on Form 

EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves of Coal: An estimate of the 

amount of coal that can be recovered (mined) from the 

accessible reserves of the demonstrated reserve base. 

Recovery Factor: The percentage of total tons of coal 

estimated to be recoverable from a given area in relation 

to the total tonnage estimated to be in the demonstrated 

reserve base. For the purpose of calculating depletion 

factors only, the estimated recovery factors for the 

demonstrated reserve base generally are 50 percent for 

underground mining methods and 80 percent for surface 

mining methods. More precise recovery factors can be 

computed by determining the total coal in place and the 

total coal recoverable in any specific locale. 

Recovery Percentage: The percentage of coal that can 

be recovered from the coal deposits at existing mines. 

Refuse Bank: A repository for waste material generated 

by the coal cleaning process. 

Refuse Recovery: A surface mine where coal is 

recovered from previously mined coal. It may also be 

known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry 

dam, or dredge operation. 

Remaining (Resources/Reserves): The amount of coal 

in the ground after some mining, excluding coal in the 

ground spoiled or left in place for which later recovery is 

not feasible. 

Reserve(s): Root meaning: The amount of in-situ coal in 

a defined area that can be recovered by mining at a 

sustainable profit at the time of determination. Broad 

meaning: That portion of the demonstrated reserve base 

that is estimated to be recoverable at the time of 

determination. The reserve is derived by applying a 

recovery factor to that component of the identified 

resources of coal designated as the demonstrated reserve 

base. 

Residential and Commercial Sector: Housing units; 

wholesale and retail businesses (except coal wholesale 

dealers); health institutions (hospitals); social and 

educational institutions (schools and universities); and 

Federal, State, and local governments (military 

installations, prisons, office buildings). 

Royalties: Payments, in money or kind, of a stated share 

of production from mineral deposits, by the lessee to the 

lessor. Royalties may be an established minimum, a 

sliding-scale, or a step-scale. A step-scale royalty rate 

increases by steps as the average production on the lease 

increases. A sliding-scale royalty rate is based on 

average production and applies to all production from the 

lease. 

Run-of-mine: The raw coal recovered from a mine, prior 

to any treatment. 

Salable Coal: The shippable product of a coal mine or 

preparation plant. Depending on customer specifications, 

salable coal may be run-of-mine, crushed-and-screened 

(sized) coal, or the clean coal yield from a preparation 

plant. 

Sales Volume: The reported output from Federal and/or 

Indian lands, the basis of royalties. It is approximately 

equivalent to production, which includes coal sold, and 

coal added to stockpiles. 
70 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 

Scoop Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by a tractor 

unit equipped with a hydraulically operated bucket 

attached to the front; also called a front-end loader. 

Seam: A bed of coal lying between a roof and floor. 

Equivalent term to bed, commonly used by industry. 

Shaft Mine: An underground mine that reaches the 

coalbed by means of a vertical shaft. In addition to the 

passages providing entry to the coalbed, a network of 

other passages are also dug, some to provide access to 

various parts of the mine and some for ventilation. 

Short Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds. 

Shortwall Mining: A form of underground mining that 

involves the use of a continuous mining machine and 

movable roof supports to shear coal panels 150 to 200 

feet wide and more than half a mile long. Although 

similar to longwall mining, shortwall mining is generally 

more flexible because of the smaller working area. 

Productivity is lower than with longwall mining because 

the coal is hauled to the mine face by shuttle cars as 

opposed to conveyors. 

Silt: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as 

much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined 

as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat 

value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. 

Synonymous with culm. 

Silt, Culm Refuse Bank, or Slurry Dam Mining: A 

mining operation producing coal from these sources of 

coal. (See refuse recovery.) 

Slope Mine: An underground mine in which the entry is 

driven at an angle to reach the coal deposit. 

Slurry Dam: A repository for the silt or culm from a 

preparation plant. 

Southern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Stocks: The supply of coal or coke at a mine, plant, or 

utility at the end of the reporting period. 

Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range 

from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and 

used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power 

generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and 

crumbly, at the lower end of the range, to bright, jet 

black, hard, and relatively strong, at the upper end. 

Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent 

moisture by weight. The heat content of 

subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per 

ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat 

content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United 

States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per ton, on the asreceived basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture 

and mineral matter). 

Surface Mine: A coal mine that is usually within a few 

hundred feet of the surface. Earth and rock above or 

around the coal (overburden) is removed to expose the 

coalbed, which is then mined with surface excavation 

equipment such as draglines, power shovels, bulldozers, 

loaders, and augers. Surface mines include: area, 

contour, open-pit, strip, or auger mine. 

Tipple: A central facility used in loading coal for 

transportation by rail or truck. 

Uinta Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Underground Mine: A mine where coal is produced by 

tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is then 

mined with underground mining equipment such as 

cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and 

shortwall mining machines. Underground mines are 

classified according to the type of opening used to reach 

the coal, i.e., drift (level tunnel), slope (inclined tunnel), 

or shaft (vertical tunnel). 

Underground Mining: The extraction of coal or its 

products from between enclosing rock strata by 

underground mining methods, such as room and pillar, 

longwall, and shortwall, or through in-situ gasification. 

Western Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 71