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|Detailed Energy-Related Carbon 
      Emissions    All 
              Industry Groups1994 
              emissions
            Selected 
              IndustriesPetroleum 
              refiningChemicalsIron 
              & SteelPaperFoodStone, 
              clay and glass
            Methodological 
              DetailsEstimation 
              methodsGlossary
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              and GHG AnalysisEfficiency 
              PageEnergy 
              Use in Manufacturing                                                      | Energy-Related Carbon Emissions 
          in Manufacturing

      Manufacturing, which accounts for 
        about 80 percent of industrial energy consumption, also accounts for about 
        80 percent of industrial energy-related carbon emissions. (Agriculture, 
        mining, forestry, and fisheries account for the remaining 20 percent.) 
        In 1994, three industries, petroleum, chemicals, and primary metals, emitted 
        almost 60 percent of the energy-related carbon in manufacturing. The next 
        three largest emitters (paper, food, and the stone, glass, and clay products 
        industry) produced an additional 22 percent of the energy-related manufacturing 
        emissions (Figure 1).
      The carbon intensity of energy 
        use is the amount of carbon emitted per unit of energy used. Both the 
        mix of energy sources used and the uses of energy affect carbon intensity. 
        For electricity that manufacturers purchase, the carbon emissions occur 
        where the electricity is generated, rather than at the manufacturing establishment. 
        These emissions are assigned here to the ultimate user. Overall, manufacturing 
        industries had a carbon intensity of 17.16 million metric tons per quadrillion 
        Btu in 1994. However, industries' carbon intensities differed markedly 
        (Figure 2), for different reasons.
      The metals industry has a 
        relatively high carbon intensity, due to the extensive use of coal (primarily 
        in the iron and steel industry) and electricity 
        (in the aluminum and iron and steel industries). In contrast, the paper 
        industry has a relatively low carbon intensity, due to its use of renewable 
        energy sources. The two industries with the highest carbon emissions, 
        the petroleum refining and chemicals 
        industries, have relatively low carbon intensities. These industries use 
        large amounts of energy, but do not use all of that energy as fuel. Instead, 
        these industries convert energy sources, such as liquefied petroleum gases 
        or natural gas, into other products. A portion of the carbon contained 
        in the original energy source is sequestered in the product rather than 
        emitted to the atmosphere.
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|Figure 1. Energy-Related Carbon Emissions for Manufacturing Industries, 1994
Pie chart with carbon emissions for 6 major industries and all other

Figure 2.  Carbon Intensities of Energy Use for Manufacturing Industries, 1994
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Per Quadrillion Btu)
Bar chart with carbon intensities for 6 industries and all other                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
|Contacts

Specific questions 
          on this topic may be directed to:
        Stephanie Battles
        Stephanie.Battles@eia.doe.gov
        (Phone: (202) 
          586-7237)
        FAX: (202) 586-0018Questions on the 
          Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey may be directed to:
        Robert K. Adler
        robert.adler@eia.doe.gov
        Survey Manager
        Phone: (202) 586-1134
        FAX: (202) 586-0018**Contact Us**
      URL: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/efficiency/carbon_emissions/allsic1994.htmlFile Last Modified: 
        May 31, 2000