Released: May 2021  

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

Table 2.3    Nonfuel (Feedstock) Use of Combustible Energy, 2018;

                        Level: National and Regional Data;

                        Row: Values of Shipments and Employment Sizes;

                        Column: Energy Sources;

                        Unit: Trillion Btu.

                

            

Economic Residual Distillate Natural HGL (excluding Coke and

Characteristic(a) Total Fuel Oil Fuel Oil(b) Gas(c) natural gasoline)(d) Coal Breeze Other(e)

Total United States

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 453 * 1 116 1 0 0 335

  20‐49 246 * * 118 Q Q * 125

  50‐99 359 34 D D 83 17 0 120

  100‐249 532 10 Q D Q D 0 208

  250‐499 385 0 D D 70 D 0 98

  500 and Over 3,634 0 1 319 2,642 216 0 455

Subtotal 5,609 44 6 958 2,834 425 * 1,341

Not Ascertained(f) 529 0 0 0 0 0 0 529

Total 6,138 44 6 958 2,834 425 * 1,870

Employment Size

  Under 50 837 * 1 173 140 31 * 492

  50‐99 500 27 * 129 133 38 0 173

  100‐249 1,014 17 Q 239 397 139 0 217

  250‐499 887 0 1 134 D 3 0 D

  500‐999 1,284 0 * 171 754 4 0 354

  1000 and Over 1,089 0 * 112 D 210 0 D

Subtotal 5,609 44 6 958 2,834 425 * 1,341

Not Ascertained(f) 529 0 0 0 0 0 0 529

Total 6,138 44 6 958 2,834 425 * 1,870

Northeast Census Region

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 68 0 * Q * 0 0 67

  20‐49 20 0 * * * 0 0 20

  50‐99 3 * * * * 1 0 1

  100‐249 7 0 * * * * 0 7

  250‐499 25 0 * 2 * * 0 22

  500 and Over 150 0 0 21 0 128 0 *

Total 273 * * 25 1 129 0 118

Employment Size

  Under 50 82 0 * Q * 0 0 81

  50‐99 7 * * * * 1 0 6

  100‐249 31 0 * * * * 0 30

  250‐499 1 0 * * * * 0 *

  500‐999 2 0 * 2 * * 0 *

  1000 and Over 149 0 0 21 0 128 0 *

Total 273 * * 25 1 129 0 118

Midwest Census Region

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 84 D D D D 0 0 79

  20‐49 21 0 D 3 D 0 0 18

  50‐99 44 5 D D D 1 0 27

  100‐249 171 0 * D D D 0 75

  250‐499 136 0 D D D D 0 23

  500 and Over 184 0 D 18 D D 0 1

Total 641 D 1 108 D 206 0 223
Employment Size

  Under 50 139 * * 9 D D 0 D

  50‐99 80 D * 23 D D 0 50

  100‐249 222 0 * 58 * 104 0 61

  250‐499 104 0 D 2 D D 0 D

  500‐999 9 0 * 1 D 1 0 D

  1000 and Over 87 0 D 16 D 70 0 D

Total 641 D 1 108 D 206 0 223

South Census Region

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 198 D D D D 0 0 105

  20‐49 173 * D 112 D Q * 59

  50‐99 295 29 D 92 D 15 0 76

  100‐249 330 10 Q 113 D D 0 113

  250‐499 219 0 D D D 0 0 50

  500 and Over 3,298 0 D 279 D D 0 454

Total 4,513 D Q 789 D 89 * 856

Employment Size

  Under 50 480 0 Q 142 D D * D

  50‐99 398 D * 105 D D 0 104

  100‐249 739 17 Q 174 397 35 0 113

  250‐499 775 0 D 126 D D 0 D

  500‐999 1,269 0 * 168 D 3 0 D

  1000 and Over 852 0 D 74 D 12 0 D

Total 4,513 D Q 789 D 89 * 856

West Census Region

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 103 * * 18 * 0 0 85

  20‐49 32 0 * 3 * * 0 28

  50‐99 17 0 * 2 * 0 0 15

  100‐249 25 0 * 11 * 0 0 14

  250‐499 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 3

  500 and Over 2 0 * 1 0 1 0 *

Total 182 * * 36 * 1 0 144

Employment Size

  Under 50 136 0 * 20 * 0 0 115

  50‐99 14 * * 1 * * 0 12

  100‐249 21 0 * 8 * 0 0 13

  250‐499 7 0 * 7 * 1 0 *

  500‐999 4 0 * * 0 0 0 3

  1000 and Over * 0 * 0 0 * 0 *

Total 182 * * 36 * 1 0 144

    (a) Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size categories were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.   

    (b) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.    

    (c) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, gas brokers,

marketers, and any marketing subsidiaries of utilities.        

    (d) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐butane mixtures, and

isobutane produced at refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).      

    (e) Other includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to

produce heat and power or as feedstock/raw material inputs.  See also Footnote f.    

    (f) Previously, the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) had accounted for energy consumed in petroleum refineries by measuring their own fuel use,

assuming shipments of fuel products would later be counted in the industries that use them, and assigning the heat equivalent of the nonfuel products to the petroleum

refinery (for a more detailed explanation see, Feedstock and Offsite‐Produced Fuel at Petroleum Refineries). Starting with the 2014 MECS, however, EIA began collecting

asphalt and petrochemical feedstock data from establishments that use those nonfuel products. These data are included in the Other column. However, other

Miscellaneous Nonfuel Products (i.e. lubricants, solvents, waxes, and special naphthas) from refineries, and used elsewhere throughout the manufacturing sector as

energy are not collected on the MECS. An estimate of the Miscellaneous Nonfuel Products used in manufacturing was derived using EIA's U.S. Product Supplied for Crude

Oil and Petroleum Products data.

    * Estimate less than 0.5.  

    D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.  

    Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.          

    NA=Not available.                      

    Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The derived estimates presented in this table are for the first use (formerly
    Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The derived estimates presented in this table are for the first use (formerly

primary consumption) of energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or raw material inputs.  First use is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originally

produced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of brine; the

output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; wood chips, bark, and wood waste from wood purchased as a raw material input; and waste materials, such as wastepaper

and packing materials. First use excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other energy inputs and, therefore, avoids double counting.  

    Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption

Survey, and the Bureau of the Census, data files for the 2018 Annual Survey of Manufactures.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied

(Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20‐260).   
Released: May 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

RSE Table 2.3     Relative Standard Errors for Table 2.3;

                              Unit: Percents.

                

            

Economic Residual Distillate Natural HGL (excluding Coke and

Characteristic(a) Total Fuel Oil Fuel Oil(b) Gas(c) natural gasoline)(d) Coal Breeze Other(e)

Total United States

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 6.9 0.6 44.7 12.1 48.7 X X 8.3

  20‐49 13.9 16.2 13.4 27.3 52.6 71.6 57.4 8.3

  50‐99 4.8 0.0 D D 4.2 0.0 X 4.5

  100‐249 6.3 0.0 78.6 D 55.8 D X 2.6

  250‐499 0.6 X D D 1.8 D X 0.2

  500 and Over 1.1 X 0.2 0.2 1.4 0.0 X 1.9

Subtotal 1.3 0.1 40.8 4.1 1.5 0.4 57.4 2.4

Not Ascertained(f) 0.0 X X X X X X 0.0

Total 1.3 0.1 40.8 4.1 1.5 0.4 57.4 2.4

Employment Size

  Under 50 5.5 0.0 45.0 19.0 2.4 5.7 57.4 6.4

  50‐99 7.9 0.1 4.1 15.4 25.5 0.0 X 0.5

  100‐249 3.7 0.1 66.8 3.8 6.9 0.0 X 2.4

  250‐499 0.1 X 6.1 0.3 D 0.1 X D

  500‐999 0.2 X 0.8 1.6 0.1 0.0 X 0.1

  1000 and Over 0.1 X 0.1 0.4 D 0.0 X D

Subtotal 1.3 0.1 40.8 4.1 1.5 0.4 57.4 2.4

Not Ascertained(f) 0.0 X X X X X X 0.0

Total 1.3 0.1 40.8 4.1 1.5 0.4 57.4 2.4

Northeast Census Region

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 8.7 X 0.2 53.3 57.6 X X 8.9

  20‐49 4.6 X 0.0 56.8 0.0 X X 4.6

  50‐99 19.6 0.0 92.1 88.6 99.5 0.0 X 24.0

  100‐249 0.2 X 0.0 0.0 22.9 0.0 X 0.1

  250‐499 0.1 X 0.0 0.0 65.2 0.0 X 0.0

  500 and Over 0.3 X X 2.0 X 0.0 X 0.0

Total 2.2 0.0 64.0 3.2 46.4 0.0 X 5.1

Employment Size

  Under 50 7.3 X 0.2 61.2 73.4 X X 7.4

  50‐99 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.8 18.9 0.0 X 5.5

  100‐249 1.6 X 91.9 32.0 90.4 0.0 X 0.7

  250‐499 36.6 X 0.0 30.4 52.2 0.0 X 90.6

  500‐999 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0

  1000 and Over 0.3 X X 2.0 X 0.0 X 0.0

Total 2.2 0.0 64.0 3.2 46.4 0.0 X 5.1

Midwest Census Region

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 14.2 D D D D X X 15.0

  20‐49 9.7 X D 21.4 D X X 10.7

  50‐99 1.4 0.0 D D D 0.0 X 0.7

  100‐249 1.0 X 0.0 D D D X 2.0
  250‐499 0.1 X D D D D X 0.1

  500 and Over 0.2 X D 2.0 D D X 0.1

Total 1.9 D 2.3 1.3 D 0.0 X 5.4

Employment Size

  Under 50 8.7 0.0 38.5 9.5 D D X D

  50‐99 0.9 D 4.5 3.0 D D X 0.1

  100‐249 0.5 X 0.1 1.3 63.2 0.0 X 0.7

  250‐499 0.4 X D 20.4 D D X D

  500‐999 0.1 X 40.6 0.0 D 0.0 X D

  1000 and Over 0.1 X D 0.0 D 0.0 X D

Total 1.9 D 2.3 1.3 D 0.0 X 5.4

South Census Region

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 9.0 D D D D X X 10.6

  20‐49 19.8 16.2 D 28.7 D 88.2 57.4 17.2

  50‐99 5.8 0.0 D 17.0 D 0.0 X 7.0

  100‐249 10.2 0.0 79.7 8.1 D D X 4.5

  250‐499 1.0 X D D D X X 0.4

  500 and Over 1.2 X D 0.0 D D X 1.9

Total 1.5 D 57.4 5.0 D 2.0 57.4 2.2

Employment Size

  Under 50 7.9 X 63.6 23.0 D D 57.4 D

  50‐99 9.9 D 3.2 18.9 D D X 0.7

  100‐249 5.1 0.1 79.6 5.2 6.9 0.0 X 4.7

  250‐499 0.1 X D 0.1 D D X D

  500‐999 0.2 X 0.0 1.6 D 0.0 X D

  1000 and Over 0.1 X D 0.2 D 0.0 X D

Total 1.5 D 57.4 5.0 D 2.0 57.4 2.2

West Census Region

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 21.1 0.0 48.8 0.6 84.8 X X 25.7

  20‐49 4.3 X 9.8 20.5 50.8 0.0 X 4.0

  50‐99 1.8 X 0.0 13.2 7.3 X X 0.1

  100‐249 0.3 X 76.7 0.1 0.0 X X 0.4

  250‐499 2.4 X X 7.8 X X X 0.6

  500 and Over 2.4 X 0.0 4.1 X 0.0 X 0.0

Total 11.9 0.0 37.5 2.0 36.6 0.0 X 15.1

Employment Size

  Under 50 16.0 X 50.8 1.9 40.2 X X 18.9

  50‐99 2.6 0.0 0.1 6.3 12.4 0.0 X 2.9

  100‐249 3.5 X 76.6 7.8 63.1 X X 0.3

  250‐499 1.4 X 0.0 1.6 99.2 0.0 X 0.1

  500‐999 1.1 X 0.0 18.8 X X X 0.1

  1000 and Over 25.3 X 0.0 X X 0.0 X 61.1

Total 11.9 0.0 37.5 2.0 36.6 0.0 X 15.1

    (a) Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size categories were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.

    (b) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.    

    (c) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers,

gas brokers, marketers, and any marketing subsidiaries of utilities.        

    (d) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐butane

mixtures, and isobutane produced at refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).   

    (e) Other includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was

used to produce heat and power or as feedstock/raw material inputs.  See also Footnote f.    

    (f) Previously, the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) had accounted for energy consumed in petroleum refineries by measuring their
    (f) Previously, the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) had accounted for energy consumed in petroleum refineries by measuring their

own fuel use, assuming shipments of fuel products would later be counted in the industries that use them, and assigning the heat equivalent of the

nonfuel products to the petroleum refinery (for a more detailed explanation see, Feedstock and Offsite‐Produced Fuel at Petroleum Refineries). Starting

with the 2014 MECS, however, EIA began collecting asphalt and petrochemical feedstock data from establishments that use those nonfuel products.

These data are included in the Other column. However, other Miscellaneous Nonfuel Products (i.e. lubricants, solvents, waxes, and special naphthas) from

refineries, and used elsewhere throughout the manufacturing sector as energy are not collected on the MECS. An estimate of the Miscellaneous Nonfuel

Products used in manufacturing was derived using EIA's U.S. Product Supplied for Crude Oil and Petroleum Products data.

    * Estimate less than 0.5.  

    D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.  

    Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.

    X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a data table value of zero.             

    NA=Not available.                      

    Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The derived estimates presented in this table are for the first use

(formerly primary consumption) of energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or raw material inputs.  First use is defined as the consumption of the

energy that was originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen

produced from the electrolysis of brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; wood chips, bark, and wood waste from wood purchased as a raw

material input; and waste materials, such as wastepaper and packing materials. First use excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other

energy inputs and, therefore, avoids double counting.  

    Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy

Consumption Survey, and the Bureau of the Census, data files for the 2018 Annual Survey of Manufactures.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance

practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20‐260).