Released: August 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

Table 10.13 Number of Establishments with Capability to Switch HGL (excluding natural gasoline) to Alternative Energy Sources, 2018;

Level: National Data;Row: NAICS Codes;Column: Energy Sources;Unit: Establishment Counts.

NAICS Total Not Electricity Natural Distillate Residual 

Code(a) Subsector and Industry Consumed(d) Switchable Switchable Receipts(e) Gas Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Co

Total United States

311 Food 3,166 417 2,859 341 148 92 0 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 146 11 138 8 3 D 0 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 28 D 26 D D 0 0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 21 D 18 D 0 0 0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 323 15 311 11 Q D 0 

3115 Dairy Product 231 27 204 8 18 6 0 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 353 D 325 D Q Q 0 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 2,106 190 1,982 156 80 Q 0 

3121 Beverages 2,079 186 1,958 D Q Q 0 3122 Tobacco 27 4 24 D 3 0 0 

313 Textile Mills 516 31 486 Q D Q 0 

314 Textile Product Mills 799 Q 788 0 Q D 0 

315 Apparel Q Q Q 30 0 0 

316 Leather and Allied Products 152 Q 144 0 D D 0 

321 Wood Products 4,391 205 4,192 113 70 D 3 

321113 Sawmills 461 39 427 23 14 9 3 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 470 82 389 Q Q Q 0

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 79 0 79 0 0 0 0 

3219 Other Wood Products 3,366 D 3,284 Q DD 0 

322 Paper 1,543 256 1,288 202 116 D 0 

322110 Pulp Mills 18 0 18 0 0 0 0 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 91 D 89 D D 0 0 

322122 Newsprint Mills 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 322130 Paperboard Mills 90 D 87 D D D 0 

323 Printing and Related Support 1,689 Q 1,493 Q Q 00 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 435 67 394 24 16 24 8 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 51 11 39 0 11 0 0 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 192 48 167 D D D 8 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 98 D 96 3 D 0 0 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 71 0 71 0 0 0 0 324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 23 D 21 D 0 D 0 

325 Chemicals 3,937 567 3,417 486 67 29 40 

325110 Petrochemicals 30 D 29 0 D 0 0 325120 Industrial Gases 111 Q 107 D Q 0 0 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 221 12 213 9 Q 3 0 325193 Ethyl Alcohol 72 6 66 0 Q 0 0 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 20 D 19 D D 0 0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 180 Q 145 Q 6 4 0 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 538 47 492 Q Q Q 0

325212 Synthetic Rubber 37 D 34 3 D 0 0 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 56 4 52 D 4 D D 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 92 0 92 0 0 0 0 325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 21 4 17 0 3 0 D 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 220 11 211 8 3 D D 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 104 5 101 D 3 D D 

HGL (excluding natural gasoline)(b) Alternative Energy Sources(c)
325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 23 0 23 0 0 0 0 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 3,441 370 3,147 302 Q Q Q 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 3,241 447 2,799 268 254 98 0 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 181 24 157 15 D D 0 

327211 Flat Glass 23 3 22 D D 0 0 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 83 D 82 D 0 0 0 

327213 Glass Containers 21 D 20 D 0 0 0 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 225 10 219 6 0 4 0 

327310 Cements 49 3 46 D 0 D 0 327410 Lime 19 0 19 0 0 0 0 

327420 Gypsum 87 0 87 0 0 0 0 327993 Mineral Wool 92 D 90 D D 0 0 

331 Primary Metals 2,086 119 2,003 73 46 27 D 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 229 18 216 9 7 6 0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 354 20 338 12 4 8 0 3313 Alumina and Aluminum 239 9 233 6 3 4 D 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 68 5 63 D 3 D D 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 37 0 37 0 0 0 0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 123 3 122 D 0 D 0 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 363 37 333 23 18 5 0 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 75 6 70 3 D D 0 

3315 Foundries 902 35 883 24 13 5 0 

331511 Iron Foundries 305 10 301 5 D 0 0 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 192 15 179 D 0 D 0 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 173 4 173 D D D 0 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 14,355 1,001 13,502 705 Q Q D 

333 Machinery 5,318 482 4,978 340 5 0 0 

334 Computer and Electronic Products 804 125 681 Q 3 Q 0

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 25 5 21 D 3 0 0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 902 Q 872 Q 0 Q 0

336 Transportation Equipment 2,497 136 2,364 55 10 Q 0 

336111 Automobiles 26 D 25 D 0 0 0 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 33 0 33 0 0 0 0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 349 17 334 Q 10 0 0 

336411 Aircraft 103 0 103 0 0 0 0 

337 Furniture and Related Products 2,642 34 2,613 Q 11 Q 0 

339 Miscellaneous 2,591 369 2,312 Q 3 0 Q 

Total 56,946 5,283 52,644 3,549 1,323 742 238 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).(b) These counts include only those establishments that reported this activity in 2018. Establishments for which only a portion of the total consumed fuel was reported as switchable contribute to t

in both the Switchable and Not Switchable columns. Therefore, the sum of these establishment counts may be greater than the corresponding establishment count of the total number of establishm

(c) Alternative Energy Sources consist of those energy sources that could have been substituted for HGL (excluding natural gasoline) during 2018. The quantities are expressed in thousands of barre

represent the quantity of HGL (excluding natural gasoline) that could have been displaced by the given alternative type of energy.

(d) Total Consumed represents those quantities (Total Inputs) of HGL (excluding natural gasoline) that were ascertained switchable or not switchable, plus an additional quantity for which the switc

ascertained.

(e) Electricity Receipts represents those quantities of electricity generated off the manufacturing establishment site and available at the site for consumption. It includes those quantities for which 

quantities transferred in, quantities purchased and paid for by a central purchasing entity, and quantities for which payment was made in kind. It does not include electricity generated onsite. Electric

been adjusted to account for any quantities that might have been resold or transferred out. The estimates include those quantities that were ascertained switchable or not switchable, plus an additio

the switching status was not ascertained.

(f) Other includes all other types of energy not already identified that respondents indicated could have been consumed in place of HGL (excluding natural gasoline).

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

NA=Not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20‐260)
Released: August 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

RSE Table 10.13 Relative Standard Errors for Table 10.13;

Unit: Percents.

NAICS Total Not Electricity Natural Distillate Residual 

Code(a) Subsector and Industry Consumed(d) Switchable Switchable Receipts(e) Gas Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Coa

Total United States

311 Food 4.1 10.1 4.4 10.0 22.1 33.2 X 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 4.7 1.6 5.0 1.7 1.2 D X 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 D 0.0 D D X X 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 D 0.0 D X X X 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 14.7 23.3 15.2 23.5 74.0 D X 

3115 Dairy Product 15.4 24.4 17.2 7.6 33.9 7.6 X 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 17.3 D 18.5 D 59.6 54.4 X 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 4.5 18.7 4.8 28.3 23.0 72.9 X 

3121 Beverages 7.1 36.5 7.5 D 57.2 72.9 X 

3122 Tobacco 0.0 0.0 0.0 D 0.0 X X 

313 Textile Mills 14.3 42.7 15.1 52.9 D 52.2 X 

314 Textile Product Mills 38.8 60.2 39.3 X 60.2 D X 315 Apparel 64.2 95.3 64.9 0.0 X X X 96316 Leather and Allied Products 29.5 69.6 30.8 X D D X 321 Wood Products 7.2 33.0 7.6 47.6 46.6 D 0.0 62

321113 Sawmills 9.1 21.7 9.5 27.9 41.1 0.0 0.0 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 13.2 46.3 14.3 69.6 80.2 71.3 X 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 21.5 X 21.5 X X X X 

3219 Other Wood Products 8.6 D 8.8 82.3 D D X 

322 Paper 1.9 31.1 1.9 37.0 46.8 D X 

322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 D 0.0 D D X X 322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 D 0.0 D D D X 

323 Printing and Related Support 18.5 58.0 19.8 58.0 91.5 X X 324 Petroleum and Coal Products 5.3 8.2 5.8 29.9 2.2 5.5 37.7 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 16.9 39.4 19.5 D D D 37.7 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 9.8 D 10.3 12.3 D X X 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 19.7 X 19.7 X X X X 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 D 0.0 D X D X 

325 Chemicals 4.1 12.4 4.4 20.4 8.7 22.1 13.3 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 D 0.0 X D X X 

325120 Industrial Gases 40.7 50.8 42.1 D 66.1 X X 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 14.9 37.9 15.6 47.6 61.5 38.5 X 325193 Ethyl Alcohol 7.7 36.2 8.0 X 50.4 X X 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 D 0.0 D D X X 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 15.2 65.9 17.1 72.8 36.4 47.4 X 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 7.3 44.2 8.5 55.3 59.1 57.8 X 

325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 D 0.0 0.0 D X X 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 0.0 0.0 D 0.0 D D 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 27.4 X 27.4 X X X X 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X D 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 21.0 29.6 21.9 37.2 10.8 D D 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 32.8 26.9 33.8 D 10.8 D D 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 27.2 X 27.2 X X X X 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 10.0 35.8 10.7 38.2 89.8 90.4 90.4 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 6.0 12.3 6.3 15.0 23.7 34.0 X 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 12.0 32.8 13.4 39.4 D D X 

HGL (excluding natural gasoline)(b) Alternative Energy Sources(c)
327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 0.0 D D X X 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 23.0 D 23.3 D X X X 

327213 Glass Containers 0.0 D 0.0 D X X X 

327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 17.5 22.0 17.9 10.5 X 45.6 X 

327310 Cements 38.2 20.6 41.2 D X D X 

327410 Lime 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 327420 Gypsum 16.5 X 16.5 X X X X 327993 Mineral Wool 22.3 D 23.0 D D X X 

331 Primary Metals 2.3 9.7 2.5 12.9 12.6 11.0 D 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 8.5 25.4 8.9 31.8 31.6 33.0 X 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 4.0 17.7 4.3 19.0 25.0 22.0 D 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 9.1 17.8 11.0 D 25.0 D D 331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 10.1 45.7 10.1 D X D X 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 7.2 14.9 8.2 16.2 22.2 16.6 X 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 8.3 18.0 10.2 18.0 D D X 

3315 Foundries 3.8 25.5 4.0 33.0 32.1 37.4 X 

331511 Iron Foundries 7.1 43.8 7.3 27.4 D X X 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 4.1 46.6 5.2 D X D X 331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 11.1 12.2 11.1 D D D X 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 7.9 36.7 8.2 43.3 58.6 72.4 D 

333 Machinery 8.8 35.4 9.3 42.0 0.0 X X 

334 Computer and Electronic Products 17.6 41.1 19.2 54.5 45.4 98.5 X 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 15.4 30.2 14.7 D 45.4 X X 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 22.6 69.0 23.2 96.3 X 74.8 X 336 Transportation Equipment 7.0 20.5 7.1 13.7 43.8 93.4 X 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 D 0.0 D X X X 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 19.7 36.9 20.2 60.6 43.8 X X 

336411 Aircraft 36.0 X 36.0 X X X X 

337 Furniture and Related Products 12.8 48.3 13.0 59.4 47.9 93.9 X 

339 Miscellaneous 16.1 47.9 17.2 98.8 0.0 X 98.8 98

Total 1.5 5.5 1.6 7.4 6.3 9.6 12.3 80

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) These counts include only those establishments that reported this activity in 2018. Establishments for which only a portion of the total consumed fuel was reported as switchable contribute to the est

both the Switchable and Not Switchable columns. Therefore, the sum of these establishment counts may be greater than the corresponding establishment count of the total number of establishments con

(c) Alternative Energy Sources consist of those energy sources that could have been substituted for HGL (excluding natural gasoline) during 2018. The quantities are expressed in thousands of barrels, and 

the quantity of HGL (excluding natural gasoline) that could have been displaced by the given alternative type of energy.

(d) Total Consumed represents those quantities (Total Inputs) of HGL (excluding natural gasoline) that were ascertained switchable or not switchable, plus an additional quantity for which the switching s

ascertained.

(e) Electricity Receipts represents those quantities of electricity generated off the manufacturing establishment site and available at the site for consumption. It includes those quantities for which payme

quantities transferred in, quantities purchased and paid for by a central purchasing entity, and quantities for which payment was made in kind. It does not include electricity generated onsite. Electricity Re

adjusted to account for any quantities that might have been resold or transferred out. The estimates include those quantities that were ascertained switchable or not switchable, plus an additional quantit

switching status was not ascertained.

(f) Other includes all other types of energy not already identified that respondents indicated could have been consumed in place of HGL (excluding natural gasoline).

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a data table value of zero.

NA=Not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20‐260).