Released:August 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

Table 4.4 Number of Establishments by Offsite‐Produced Fuel Consumption, 2018;

Level: National Data;

Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Energy Sources;

Unit: Establishment Counts.

NAICS Code(a) Subsector and Industry

Any Energy

Source(b) Electricity(c)

Residual

Fuel Oil

Distillate Fuel

Oil(d)

Natural

Gas(e)

HGL (exclu

natural gasolin

Total United States

311 Food 15,842 15,796 16 1,760 12,659 3

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 611 611 6 132 508 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 52 52 0 22 46 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 70 70 D 23 61 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 1,047 1,045 D 163 880 

3115 Dairy Product 1,036 1,036 4 166 875 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 1,842 1,842 D 282 1,500 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 3,938 3,938 5 374 1,768 2

3121 Beverages 3,853 3,853 D 354 1,716 2

3122 Tobacco 85 85 D 20 52 

313 Textile Mills 1,352 1,352 Q 181 818 

314 Textile Product Mills 4,116 4,116 0 Q 2,016 

315 Apparel 3,856 3,856 0 D 1,054 316 Leather and Allied Products 655 655 0 D 281 

321 Wood Products 9,433 9,229 15 2,167 4,528 4

321113 Sawmills 1,787 1,782 D 850 410 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 1,083 1,079 D 269 794 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 158 158 D 77 127 

3219 Other Wood Products 6,284 6,089 Q 948 3,156 3

322 Paper 3,009 3,009 47 246 2,534 1

322110 Pulp Mills 28 28 D 18 27 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 156 156 20 71 145 

322122 Newsprint Mills 11 11 0 9 9 

322130 Paperboard Mills 143 143 17 77 136 

323 Printing and Related Support 12,534 12,534 D 402 8,297 1

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 1,883 1,879 47 753 1,171 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 136 135 5 72 128 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 1,289 1,288 42 568 704 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 168 168 0 35 156 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 211 211 0 39 127 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 79 78 0 39 56 

325 Chemicals 8,899 8,869 6 1,369 7,046 3

325110 Petrochemicals 66 66 0 31 48 

325120 Industrial Gases 525 524 0 3 235 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 501 501 0 117 410 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 207 207 0 103 198 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 61 61 0 18 56 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 524 524 3 159 457 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 813 813 0 173 665 

325212 Synthetic Rubber 87 87 0 17 76 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 99 99 0 12 82 
325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 147 147 0 100 135 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 55 55 D 18 29 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 1,326 1,297 0 198 1,030 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 716 687 0 99 524 

325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 108 108 D 14 86 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 8,317 8,317 3 763 5,457 3

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 12,035 12,035 Q 4,014 7,002 3

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 415 415 0 132 361 

327211 Flat Glass 60 60 0 14 40 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 164 164 0 32 148 

327213 Glass Containers 57 57 0 19 56 

327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 686 686 0 62 519 

327310 Cements 187 187 0 70 91 

327410 Lime 86 86 0 47 48 

327420 Gypsum 148 148 0 87 134 

327993 Mineral Wool 191 191 0 24 163 

331 Primary Metals 3,226 3,226 D 625 2,796 2

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 390 390 D 158 334 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 498 498 0 113 424 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 399 399 0 102 354 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 109 109 0 37 97 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 65 65 0 30 62 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 191 191 0 27 162 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 651 651 0 55 564 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 107 107 0 14 89 

3315 Foundries 1,288 1,288 Q 196 1,119 

331511 Iron Foundries 373 373 0 83 326 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 257 257 Q 34 250 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 277 277 0 18 194 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 37,949 37,949 0 2,095 22,655 14

333 Machinery 14,919 14,919 Q 1,411 9,780 5334 Computer and Electronic Products 6,646 6,646 3 152 3,678 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 344 344 D 65 126 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 3,295 3,295 D 275 2,119 

336 Transportation Equipment 7,032 7,032 14 986 4,396 2

336111 Automobiles 71 71 0 21 59 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 69 69 0 21 51 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 1,199 1,199 D 150 763 

336411 Aircraft 347 347 0 38 216 

337 Furniture and Related Products 8,347 8,201 0 359 4,276 2

339 Miscellaneous 13,589 13,589 0 583 6,744 2

Total 180,872 180,441 277 18,683 111,076 56

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) Any Energy Source represents the non‐duplicative total of establishments identified with any of the listed energy sources. This count includes only those establishments tha

(c) Electricity consists of quantities of electricity that were purchased or transferred in, and is equivalent to purchased electricity as defined in the Annual Survey of Manufactur

(d) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.

(e) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, gas brokers, marketers

utilities.

(f) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐butane mixtures, and isobutane 

gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).

(g) Other includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to produce heat an

material inputs.

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

l bl
NA=Not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The derived estimates presented in this table are for the first use (formerly primary consum

power and as feedstocks or raw material inputs. First use is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input ma

Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; wood chips, bark, and wood waste from wood purchas

waste materials, such as wastepaper and packing materials. First use excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other energy inputs and, therefore, avoids double cou

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval 
Released: August 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

RSE Table 4.4 Relative Standard Errors for Table 4.4;

Unit: Percents

NAICS Code(a) Subsector and Industry

Any Energy

Source(b) Electricity(c)

Residual

Fuel Oil

Distillate Fuel

Oil(d)

Natural

Gas(e)

HGL (excl

natural gasoli

Total United States

311 Food 0.0 0.1 5.4 3.9 1.6 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 0.0 0.0 34.8 4.7 2.9 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 0.0 D 0.0 0.0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 0.0 0.1 D 14.9 5.8 

3115 Dairy Product 0.0 0.0 46.1 19.9 4.9 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 0.0 0.0 D 14.9 4.6 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 3.5 

3121 Beverages 0.0 0.0 D 23.9 8.3 

3122 Tobacco 0.0 0.0 D 0.0 0.0 

313 Textile Mills 0.5 0.5 62.7 28.4 9.3 314 Textile Product Mills 0.0 0.0 X 71.0 19.9 

315 Apparel 0.0 0.0 X D 32.5 

316 Leather and Allied Products 0.0 0.0 X D 19.9 

321 Wood Products 0.0 0.4 29.8 8.5 4.5 

321113 Sawmills 0.0 0.0 D 7.3 11.1 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 0.0 0.2 D 16.5 5.5 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.0 0.0 D 22.1 7.9 

3219 Other Wood Products 0.0 1.8 86.4 17.9 9.2 

322 Paper 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.2 

322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 0.0 D 0.0 0.0 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

323 Printing and Related Support 0.6 0.6 D 39.8 5.6 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 0.0 10.4 3.0 2.5 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 0.0 0.0 22.9 6.4 5.5 324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 0.0 0.0 X 12.3 1.4 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 0.0 0.0 X 22.3 14.4 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

325 Chemicals 0.1 0.3 5.4 4.6 1.5 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

325120 Industrial Gases 0.0 0.0 X 12.1 16.9 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 0.0 0.0 X 17.1 7.9 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 0.0 0.0 X 6.0 1.1 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 0.0 0.0 8.8 12.5 3.1 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 0.0 0.0 X 18.2 6.2 

325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 
325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 0.4 0.4 X 22.6 4.6 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0.0 0.0 D 0.0 0.0 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 0.0 2.0 X 15.0 6.0 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 0.0 4.0 X 16.8 9.3 

325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0.0 0.0 D 22.3 10.7 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.9 6.2 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 0.0 0.0 97.5 5.1 1.8 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 0.0 0.0 X 15.0 5.8 

327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 0.0 0.0 X 29.4 5.0 

327213 Glass Containers 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 0.0 0.0 X 25.9 6.5 

327310 Cements 0.0 0.0 X 25.4 16.5 

327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

327420 Gypsum 0.0 0.0 X 15.3 4.1 

327993 Mineral Wool 0.0 0.0 X 18.9 5.4 

331 Primary Metals 0.0 0.0 D 4.0 1.4 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 D 0.0 0.0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 0.0 0.0 X 24.0 4.2 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0.0 0.0 X 4.5 1.6 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 0.0 0.0 X 14.8 1.7 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 0.0 0.0 X 10.2 6.6 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 0.0 0.0 X 14.8 4.5 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0.0 0.0 X 21.6 5.1 

3315 Foundries 0.0 0.0 88.2 11.4 3.2 

331511 Iron Foundries 0.0 0.0 X 20.4 7.2 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 0.0 0.0 88.2 28.9 0.6 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 0.0 0.0 X 15.9 12.8 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 0.0 0.0 X 24.8 5.0 

333 Machinery 0.0 0.0 98.9 19.5 4.8 334 Computer and Electronic Products 0.0 0.0 12.0 17.7 9.6 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 0.0 0.0 D 18.9 19.9 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 0.0 0.0 D 37.2 11.5 

336 Transportation Equipment 0.2 0.2 37.8 5.2 4.0 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 0.0 0.0 D 15.8 10.2 

336411 Aircraft 0.0 0.0 X 23.3 18.0 

337 Furniture and Related Products 0.0 1.2 X 40.1 8.7 339 Miscellaneous 0.7 0.7 X 34.5 8.0 

Total 0.1 0.1 3.6 1.7 0.7 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) Any Energy Source represents the non‐duplicative total of establishments identified with any of the listed energy sources. This count includes only those establishm

2018.

(c) Electricity consists of quantities of electricity that were purchased or transferred in, and is equivalent to purchased electricity as defined in the Annual Survey of Ma

(d) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.

(e) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, gas brokers, m

subsidiaries of utilities.

(f) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐butane mixtures, and i
(f) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane propane mixtures, propane butane mixtures, and i

natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).

(g) Other includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to produc

feedstock/raw material inputs.

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a data table value of zero.

NA=Not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The derived estimates presented in this table are for the first use (formerly prima

and power and as feedstocks or raw material inputs. First use is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originally produced offsite or was produced onsite f

as energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; wood chips, bark, and wood waste 

material input; and waste materials, such as wastepaper and packing materials. First use excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other energy inputs and, 

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Surve

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (A