Released: February 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2022.

Table 5.7    End Uses of Fuel Consumption, 2018;

                        Level: National and Regional Data;

                        Row: End Uses;

                        Column: Energy Sources, including Net Demand for Electricity;

                        Unit: Physical Units or Btu.

Distillate    

Net Demand Fuel Oil Coal

for Residual and Natural HGL (excluding (excluding Coal

Electricity(a) Fuel Oil Diesel Fuel(b) Gas(c) natural gasoline)(d) Coke and Breeze)

End Use (million kWh) (million bbl) (million bbl) (billion cu ft) (million bbl) (million short tons)

Total United States

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 894,476 3 15 6,129 17 21

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 13,268 2 1 2,475 2 9

  Conventional Boiler Use 13,268 1 * 793 1 1

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 1 1 1,683 1 8

Direct Uses‐Total Process 718,068 1 6 3,149 D 12

  Process Heating 86,292 1 2 2,707 6 9

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 74,977 * * 24 * *

  Machine Drive 460,930 * 2 165 1 1

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 73,394 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 22,475 * 1 253 D 2

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 152,648 * 7 464 D *

  Facility HVAC (e) 75,538 * * 372 D *

  Facility Lighting 53,024 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 16,147 0 * 51 * *

  Onsite Transportation 4,266 ‐‐ 63 5 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ * 1 27 * *

  Other Nonprocess Use 3,673 * 1 11 * 0

End Use Not Reported 10,492 * * 42 1 0

Northeast Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 80,879 1 3 472 2 1

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 1,628 * * 171 * 1

  Conventional Boiler Use 1,628 * * 65 * *

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ * * 106 * 1

Direct Uses‐Total Process 58,690 * 2 233 1 *

  Process Heating 9,185 * Q 202 * *

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 6,886 * * 3 * 0

  Machine Drive 37,805 * * 21 * *

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 2,070 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 2,744 * * 7 * *

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 18,962 * 1 65 1 *

  Facility HVAC (e) 9,176 * * 56 1 *

  Facility Lighting 6,406 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 2,076 0 * 4 * *

  Onsite Transportation 433 ‐‐ ** 1 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ * *3 * 0

  Other Nonprocess Use 871 * * Q * 0

End Use Not Reported 1,599 0 * 3 * 0

Midwest Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 264,048 * 4 1,757 5 9

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 4,053 * * 617 1 4

  Conventional Boiler Use 4,053 * * 257 * *

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ * * 361 * 4

Direct Uses‐Total Process 211,014 * 2 893 2 4

  Process Heating 29,639 * * 791 1 3

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 21,705 0 * 8 * 0

  Machine Drive 135,376 * 1 27 * *
  Electro‐Chemical Processes 17,902 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 6,394 0 Q 67 * 1

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 45,831 * 2 231 2 *

  Facility HVAC (e) 21,569 * * 201 1 *

  Facility Lighting 17,372 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 4,753 0 * 24 * *

  Onsite Transportation 1,654 ‐‐ 21 2 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ 0 *1 * *

  Other Nonprocess Use 482 * * 4 * 0

End Use Not Reported 3,150 0 * 16 * 0

South Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 430,596 1 6 3,235 5 7

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 5,967 1 1 1,431 1 3

  Conventional Boiler Use 5,967 1 * 358 * *

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 1 1 1,073 1 2

Direct Uses‐Total Process 357,258 * 2 1,662 D 4

  Process Heating 38,982 * 1 1,384 1 3

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 34,765 0 * 10 * *

  Machine Drive 229,194 * 1 100 * *

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 46,578 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 7,738 * * 167 D *

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 62,814 0 3 121 D *

  Facility HVAC (e) 32,473 0 * 81 D *

  Facility Lighting 20,163 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 7,358 0 * 17 * 0

  Onsite Transportation 1,625 ‐‐ 32 2 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ 0 * 19 * 0

  Other Nonprocess Use 1,195 0 * 4 * 0

End Use Not Reported 4,557 * * 21 * 0

West Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 118,953 1 3 666 4 4

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 1,620 * * 257 * 2

  Conventional Boiler Use 1,620 * * 113 * *

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ * * 143 * 1

Direct Uses‐Total Process 91,105 * 1 360 3 3

  Process Heating 8,485 * * 330 3 2

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 11,621 0 * 1 * *

  Machine Drive 58,555 0 * 16 * *

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 6,845 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 5,599 0 * 12 * Q

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 25,041 * 2 47 1 0

  Facility HVAC (e) 12,320 0 * 35 * 0

  Facility Lighting 9,082 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 1,960 0 * 6 * 0

  Onsite Transportation 554 ‐‐ 1* 1 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ * *4 * 0

  Other Nonprocess Use 1,125 0 * 2 * 0

End Use Not Reported 1,186 0 * 2 * 0

    (a) Net Demand for Electricity is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and total onsite electricity generation, minus sales and transfers offsite. It is the total amount of

electricity used by establishments. Net Demand for Electricity is not directly comparable with Net Electricity, which specifically excludes electricity generated onsite by

combustible energy sources.

    (b) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.      

    (c) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, gas brokers,

marketers, and any marketing subsidiaries of utilities.        

    (d) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐butane mixtures, and

isobutane produced at refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).    

    (e) Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (Facility HVAC) excludes steam and hot water.   

    * Estimate less than 0.5.                    

    D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.          

    Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.        

    NA=Not available.                      
    ‐‐ Estimation is not applicable.                  

    S=Negative value.                      

    Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The estimates presented in this table are for the total consumption of energy

(formerly total inputs of energy) for the production of heat, power, and electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produced.  Specifically, the estimates

include the quantities of energy that were originally produced offsite and purchased by or transferred to the establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from

other energy or input materials not classified as energy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. Allocations to specific end uses are made on the basis of

reasonable approximations by respondents.      

    Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied

(Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20‐260).
Released: February 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2022.

RSE Table 5.7     Relative Standard Errors for Table 5.7;

                              Unit: Percents.

Distillate    

Net Demand Fuel Oil Coal

for Residual and Natural HGL (excluding (excluding Coal

End Use Electricity(a) Fuel Oil Diesel Fuel(b) Gas(c) natural gasoline)(d) Coke and Breeze)

Total United States

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 1.6 2.5 7.9 0.9 3.9 3.3

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 3.2 0.7 7.0 1.0 9.2 0.2

  Conventional Boiler Use 3.2 1.3 17.8 1.7 12.1 1.8

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 0.2 4.2 1.2 14.0 0.1

Direct Uses‐Total Process 1.3 6.3 16.3 1.3 D 5.9

  Process Heating 2.4 6.3 29.1 1.4 6.7 0.2

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 4.1 0.0 8.5 4.8 20.0 4.9

  Machine Drive 1.5 72.5 14.9 3.4 40.8 0.0

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 1.7 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 4.7 90.0 46.3 3.3 D 31.0

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 3.7 30.1 6.5 3.3 D 17.7

  Facility HVAC (e) 3.8 7.4 29.2 3.9 D 27.6

  Facility Lighting 5.1 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 2.7 X 49.1 6.2 19.2 0.0

  Onsite Transportation 4.8 ‐‐ 6.3 13.4 4.6 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ 0.0 23.8 1.3 46.3 0.0

  Other Nonprocess Use 18.8 61.2 24.7 12.1 15.0 X

End Use Not Reported 13.1 0.0 12.7 8.5 21.8 X

Northeast Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 4.7 5.3 28.8 4.0 8.7 0.3

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 7.9 0.3 14.9 3.9 12.9 0.1

  Conventional Boiler Use 7.9 0.0 7.1 5.5 9.0 0.0

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 0.8 23.1 5.3 47.6 0.1

Direct Uses‐Total Process 5.1 0.8 38.6 6.4 16.2 0.1

  Process Heating 8.2 0.8 51.0 7.3 17.8 0.1

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 15.2 0.0 52.1 10.1 63.9 X

  Machine Drive 4.6 0.0 25.2 3.7 38.5 0.0

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 2.5 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 19.6 50.9 13.1 18.5 40.8 0.0

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 5.1 31.6 19.1 5.8 11.8 68.0

  Facility HVAC (e) 5.4 7.4 38.4 5.8 19.3 70.9

  Facility Lighting 5.5 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 8.6 X 85.8 11.1 30.9 0.0

  Onsite Transportation 9.8 ‐‐ 12.1 35.1 15.6 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ 0.0 40.6 0.9 62.3 X

  Other Nonprocess Use 43.6 61.5 43.3 58.3 42.9 X

End Use Not Reported 40.9 X 88.8 29.1 22.2 X

Midwest Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 2.3 29.3 20.0 2.2 7.0 0.3

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 9.1 13.5 31.8 2.3 14.1 0.3

  Conventional Boiler Use 9.1 24.0 7.7 2.7 18.9 0.0

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 0.3 39.0 3.6 21.2 0.3

Direct Uses‐Total Process 2.3 73.8 37.6 3.2 9.6 0.3

  Process Heating 5.7 74.2 12.4 3.5 10.4 0.4

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 3.8 X 12.6 7.5 24.2 X

  Machine Drive 2.8 89.7 26.5 10.1 13.8 0.0

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 6.7 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 10.6 X 73.8 5.9 20.8 0.0

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 3.6 11.1 15.1 5.5 8.4 0.0

  Facility HVAC (e) 3.6 72.9 38.8 6.2 25.2 0.0

  Facility Lighting 4.7 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 4.9 X 25.1 6.0 29.5 0.0

  Onsite Transportation 8.5 ‐‐ 16.5 7.4 7.5 ‐‐
  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ X 14.2 16.6 23.7 0.0

  Other Nonprocess Use 13.5 8.7 25.9 7.0 50.2 X

End Use Not Reported 30.0 X 0.0 8.1 37.8 X

South Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 1.6 1.0 6.6 1.0 6.1 0.2

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 2.4 0.1 3.4 1.2 18.3 0.5

  Conventional Boiler Use 2.4 0.1 9.1 2.6 31.8 8.1

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 0.3 3.2 1.4 21.2 0.0

Direct Uses‐Total Process 1.4 8.0 15.4 1.3 D 0.2

  Process Heating 2.3 5.7 28.7 1.3 10.0 0.2

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 3.5 X 0.1 8.3 25.1 67.5

  Machine Drive 1.9 97.3 20.4 2.9 30.7 0.0

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 0.5 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 4.0 91.0 36.7 3.9 D 0.0

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 3.2 X 8.6 5.6 D 58.6

  Facility HVAC (e) 3.5 X 47.7 7.4 D 58.6

  Facility Lighting 3.7 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 4.4 X 3.6 16.0 35.3 X

  Onsite Transportation 8.7 ‐‐ 7.0 22.9 7.8 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ X 15.9 1.7 1.0 X

  Other Nonprocess Use 9.9 X 31.7 5.0 16.8 X

End Use Not Reported 15.8 0.0 0.1 15.4 27.7 X

West Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 8.8 7.0 14.0 3.2 9.8 15.8

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 5.6 0.0 29.6 3.1 8.6 0.0

  Conventional Boiler Use 5.6 0.0 45.2 5.7 2.0 0.0

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 0.0 6.4 3.4 31.4 0.0

Direct Uses‐Total Process 6.3 9.5 25.6 3.5 13.4 25.0

  Process Heating 3.6 9.5 8.9 3.5 12.5 0.5

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 21.3 X 30.0 10.8 15.6 0.0

  Machine Drive 6.4 X 46.7 23.8 68.4 0.0

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 1.5 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 9.8 X 59.9 24.0 28.0 79.2

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 20.0 0.0 15.3 9.7 9.2 X

  Facility HVAC (e) 20.2 X 48.9 12.7 20.5 X

  Facility Lighting 27.3 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 5.6 X 30.7 10.1 21.0 X

  Onsite Transportation 8.4 ‐‐ 15.2 7.6 10.4 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ 0.0 30.1 0.1 74.3 X

  Other Nonprocess Use 49.9 X 75.1 16.2 52.6 X

End Use Not Reported 20.4 X 0.0 12.4 40.1 X

    (a) Net Demand for Electricity is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and total onsite electricity generation, minus sales and transfers offsite. It is

the total amount of electricity used by establishments. Net Demand for Electricity is not directly comparable with Net Electricity, which specifically

excludes electricity generated onsite by combustible energy sources.

    (b) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.      

    (c) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas

producers, gas brokers, marketers, and any marketing subsidiaries of utilities.        

    (d) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐

butane mixtures, and isobutane produced at refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids

(NGL).    

    (e) Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (Facility HVAC) excludes steam and hot water.   

    * Estimate less than 0.5.                    

    D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.          

    Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.

    X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a data table value of zero.           

    NA=Not available.                      

    ‐‐ Estimation is not applicable.                  

    S=Negative value.                      

    Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The estimates presented in this table are for the total

consumption of energy (formerly total inputs of energy) for the production of heat, power, and electricity generation, regardless of where the

energy was produced.  Specifically, the estimates include the quantities of energy that were originally produced offsite and purchased by or

transferred to the establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy or input materials not classified as energy, or were

extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. Allocations to specific end uses are made on the basis of reasonable approximations by respondents.

    Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy

Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance

i li d (A l I C Y20 260)
practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20‐260).