Total U.S.a

Less than 

than 1,000

1,000 

to 1,499

1,500 

to 1,999 

2,000 

to 2,499

2,500 

to 2,999

3,000 

or more

All homes 123.53 30.01 28.08 22.22 15.62 10.31 17.29

Fuels used for any use (more than 

one may apply)

Electricity 123.53 30.01 28.08 22.22 15.62 10.31 17.29

Natural gas 75.31 16.76 15.96 13.92 9.85 7.09 11.73

Propanec 11.14 1.47 1.88 2.11 1.83 1.13 2.72

Wood 11.05 0.99 1.76 2.50 1.91 1.27 2.62

Fuel oil or kerosene 5.68 0.98 0.79 1.19 0.98 0.61 1.13

Electricity end uses (more than one 

may apply)

Space heating 64.84 18.11 15.84 11.32 7.59 4.55 7.42

Main 42.57 14.23 11.37 6.70 4.09 2.31 3.88

Secondary 31.57 6.40 7.07 6.27 4.58 2.80 4.46

Air conditioning 109.51 25.22 24.52 19.66 14.24 9.60 16.28

Water heating 57.72 16.49 14.94 9.84 6.59 3.71 6.15

Cookingd 83.94 20.69 19.15 14.18 10.67 7.09 12.16

Natural gas end uses (more than one 

may apply)

Space heating 64.47 11.63 13.50 12.43 9.20 6.67 11.05

Main 62.71 11.46 13.09 12.16 8.98 6.51 10.51

Secondary 7.88 0.41 1.16 1.15 1.52 1.21 2.43

Water heating 59.56 12.57 12.20 11.17 7.96 5.93 9.72

Cookingd 47.10 10.63 9.97 8.79 5.92 4.18 7.61

Outdoor grilling 4.71 0.32 0.43 0.71 0.72 0.71 1.81

Propane end uses (more than one 

may apply)

Space heating 7.68 0.80 1.34 1.45 1.33 0.87 1.88

Main 5.21 0.61 0.93 0.91 0.88 0.57 1.30

Secondary 3.01 0.20 0.52 0.62 0.53 0.36 0.78

Water heating 4.16 0.45 0.59 0.80 0.67 0.47 1.19

Cookingd 5.80 0.79 0.87 1.19 0.87 0.56 1.52

Outdoor grillingc 42.09 3.58 7.79 8.93 7.36 5.29 9.15

Wood end uses (more than one may 

apply)

Space heating 11.02 0.97 1.75 2.50 1.91 1.27 2.62

Main 2.25 0.31 0.42 0.58 0.35 0.25 0.34

Secondary 8.83 0.66 1.34 1.93 1.58 1.03 2.28

Water heating 0.14 Q Q Q Q Q Q

Fuel oil or kerosene end uses (more 

than one may apply)

Space heating 5.39 0.92 0.71 1.14 0.93 0.60 1.09

Main 4.93 0.88 0.64 1.00 0.87 0.52 1.03

Secondary 0.48 Q 0.07 0.15 0.07 0.08 0.06

Water heating 2.68 0.51 0.35 0.51 0.48 0.24 0.59

Table HC1.9 Fuels used and end uses in U.S. homes, by home size, 2020

Number of housing units (million)

Data release date: March 2023

Size of home in square feetb
Total U.S.a

Less than 

than 1,000

1,000 

to 1,499

1,500 

to 1,999 

2,000 

to 2,499

2,500 

to 2,999

3,000 

or more

All homes 123.53 30.01 28.08 22.22 15.62 10.31 17.29

Table HC1.9 Fuels used and end uses in U.S. homes, by home size, 2020

Number of housing units (million)

Data release date: March 2023

Size of home in square feetb

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of the 2020 Residential Energy 

Consumption Survey

Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. See RECS Terminology for the definitions of terms used in these tables.

a Total U.S. includes all primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military 

houses, and group quarters are excluded.

b Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned garage space that is attached to the home. 

Unconditioned and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS 

cycles calculated square footage based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the square footage of 

the home was imputed based on a reported square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for full details 

about data collection and processing.

c Households that use propane only for outdoor grilling are excluded from the RECS estimate of households using propane.

d Cooking includes fuels used by major cooking equipment (ovens, cooktops, and ranges).

Q = Data withheld because either the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 10 households were in the reporting sample.

N = No households in reporting sample. 
Total U.S.a

Less 

than 1,000

1,000 

to 1,499

1,500 

to 1,999 

2,000 

to 2,499

2,500 

to 2,999

3,000 

or more

All homes 0.00 1.20 1.54 1.59 2.32 2.55 1.93

Fuels used for any use (more than 

one may apply)

Electricity 0.00 1.20 1.54 1.59 2.32 2.55 1.93

Natural gas 0.57 1.93 2.35 1.97 2.98 3.20 2.63

Propanec 2.48 8.49 5.23 5.20 7.02 7.79 5.19

Wood 2.35 9.48 6.08 5.86 6.00 6.91 4.68

Fuel oil or kerosene 3.26 9.03 8.56 8.20 7.76 9.30 7.32

Electricity end uses (more than one 

may apply)

Space heating 0.81 1.70 2.24 2.56 3.11 4.23 2.87

Main 0.92 1.79 2.47 3.65 4.17 5.52 3.95

Secondary 1.36 3.86 3.31 3.23 4.41 5.51 4.12

Air conditioning 0.35 1.46 1.67 1.79 2.31 2.54 2.10

Water heating 0.82 1.94 2.09 2.50 3.49 4.03 3.33

Cookingd 0.51 1.45 1.70 2.02 2.65 2.98 2.39

Natural gas end uses (more than one 

may apply)

Space heating 0.73 2.49 2.52 2.17 3.06 3.29 2.53

Main 0.77 2.51 2.65 2.19 3.10 3.49 2.61

Secondary 3.01 12.90 8.44 6.94 6.15 7.54 4.53

Water heating 0.75 2.51 2.74 2.18 3.11 3.69 2.83

Cookingd 0.92 2.63 3.26 2.56 3.80 3.94 3.13

Outdoor grilling 3.76 20.02 15.18 9.73 9.15 10.94 5.55

Propane end uses (more than one 

may apply)

Space heating 3.03 11.20 6.86 6.76 8.04 8.82 7.18

Main 3.76 11.30 7.72 8.04 10.14 11.27 8.85

Secondary 5.02 21.63 12.01 11.39 11.71 12.81 9.06

Water heating 4.42 16.15 11.07 8.78 11.93 14.32 7.88

Cookingd 3.46 11.44 8.89 7.61 9.11 11.45 6.48

Outdoor grillingc 1.10 4.29 2.99 2.97 2.92 3.65 2.48

Wood end uses (more than one may 

apply)

Space heating 2.35 9.65 6.09 5.86 6.00 6.91 4.70

Main 4.88 14.65 11.01 11.69 11.96 16.10 14.44

Secondary 2.77 12.08 7.50 6.85 6.28 8.26 4.94

Water heating 21.82 48.13 46.62 73.78 54.01 47.60 48.43

Fuel oil or kerosene end uses (more 

than one may apply)

Space heating 3.39 9.46 9.37 8.33 7.88 9.41 7.40

Main 3.50 10.10 9.87 8.95 8.02 8.92 7.49

Secondary 13.56 34.18 30.96 23.71 37.46 32.42 27.86

Water heating 5.25 14.69 16.28 13.25 10.33 15.34 9.49

Data release date: March 2023

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC1.9 Fuels used and end uses in U.S. homes, by home size, 2020

RSEs for number of housing units

Size of home in square feetb
Total U.S.a

Less 

than 1,000

1,000 

to 1,499

1,500 

to 1,999 

2,000 

to 2,499

2,500 

to 2,999

3,000 

or more

All homes 0.00 1.20 1.54 1.59 2.32 2.55 1.93

Data release date: March 2023

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC1.9 Fuels used and end uses in U.S. homes, by home size, 2020

RSEs for number of housing units

Size of home in square feetb

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of the 2020 Residential Energy 

Consumption Survey

Notes: See RECS Terminology for the definitions of terms used in these tables.

a Total U.S. includes all primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military 

houses, and group quarters are excluded.

b Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned garage space that is attached to the home. 

Unconditioned and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS 

cycles calculated square footage based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the square footage of 

the home was imputed based on a reported square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for full details 

about data collection and processing.

c Households that use propane only for outdoor grilling are excluded from the RECS estimate of households using propane.

d Cooking includes fuels used by major cooking equipment (ovens, cooktops, and ranges).