Total U.S.a

Before 

1950

1950 to 

1959

1960 to 

1969

1970 to 

1979

1980 to 

1989

1990 to 

1999

2000 to 

2009

2010 to 

2015

2016 to 

2020

All homes 123.53 20.26 12.48 12.76 18.34 16.30 17.16 16.16 5.53 4.56

Number of household members

1 member 33.59 6.46 3.60 3.75 5.26 4.66 3.86 3.54 1.43 1.03

2 members 45.31 7.16 4.73 4.79 7.01 5.86 6.44 5.85 1.73 1.74

3 members 18.27 2.84 1.82 1.64 2.44 2.57 2.80 2.67 0.78 0.71

4 members 15.56 2.50 1.29 1.50 1.99 1.84 2.48 2.27 0.96 0.71

5 members 6.44 0.79 0.60 0.67 1.00 0.80 0.88 1.10 0.42 0.19

6 or more members 4.37 0.51 0.45 0.41 0.64 0.55 0.70 0.72 0.22 0.18

Children under 18 in household

Yes 34.58 4.98 2.89 3.29 4.83 4.38 5.02 5.57 2.02 1.61

No 88.95 15.28 9.59 9.46 13.51 11.92 12.13 10.59 3.51 2.95

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 4.48 0.72 0.61 0.57 0.78 0.72 0.45 0.35 0.15 0.13

$5,000 to $9,999 4.01 0.77 0.49 0.47 0.67 0.54 0.44 0.37 0.16 0.10

$10,000 to $19,999 10.25 2.10 1.24 1.22 1.88 1.51 1.04 0.80 0.26 0.20

$20,000 to $39,999 24.07 3.94 2.55 2.73 4.17 3.40 3.25 2.58 0.87 0.59

$40,000 to $59,999 19.61 3.07 2.08 2.10 3.06 2.84 2.60 2.51 0.76 0.59

$60,000 to $99,999 27.71 4.29 2.70 2.93 3.99 3.64 3.81 3.83 1.34 1.19

$100,000 to $149,999 16.54 2.39 1.59 1.44 2.25 1.94 2.87 2.39 0.86 0.82

$150,000 or more 16.86 2.98 1.22 1.30 1.54 1.71 2.70 3.34 1.13 0.94

Ownership of housing unitb

Owned 82.92 13.65 9.19 8.11 11.66 10.27 12.35 11.39 3.34 2.96

Rented 40.61 6.60 3.29 4.65 6.68 6.03 4.81 4.77 2.19 1.60

Payment method for energy bills

All paid by household 112.70 17.77 11.52 11.18 16.51 15.06 16.28 15.18 5.03 4.18

Some paid by household, some 

included in rent or condo fee 6.32 1.55 0.52 0.94 1.11 0.66 0.50 0.52 0.28 0.24

All included in rent or condo fee 4.34 0.88 0.41 0.63 0.71 0.58 0.35 0.44 0.22 0.13

Some other method 0.16 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

Age of householderc

Younger than 25 years 4.40 0.61 0.21 0.36 0.52 0.67 0.69 0.72 0.39 0.24

25 to 34 years 16.53 2.75 1.46 1.54 2.31 2.43 1.91 2.19 0.99 0.95

35 to 44 years 18.83 3.12 1.73 1.66 2.62 2.12 2.48 3.05 1.12 0.92

45 to 54 years 19.79 3.13 1.95 2.06 2.66 2.24 3.01 3.06 0.92 0.77

55 to 64 years 24.76 4.31 2.51 2.60 3.65 3.54 3.88 2.85 0.76 0.66

65 to 74 years 23.49 3.84 2.73 2.45 3.95 3.29 3.08 2.68 0.80 0.66

75 years or older 15.74 2.51 1.89 2.08 2.63 2.02 2.10 1.62 0.54 0.36

Ethnicity of householderc

Hispanic or Latino 13.99 1.85 1.69 1.64 2.12 1.89 1.67 1.82 0.70 0.62

Not Hispanic or Latino 109.54 18.41 10.79 11.11 16.22 14.41 15.49 14.34 4.83 3.94

Table HC9.3 Household demographics of U.S. homes, by year of construction, 2020

Number of housing units (million)

Year of construction

Preliminary data release date: March 2022

Final data release date: March 2024
Total U.S.a

Before 

1950

1950 to 

1959

1960 to 

1969

1970 to 

1979

1980 to 

1989

1990 to 

1999

2000 to 

2009

2010 to 

2015

2016 to 

2020

All homes 123.53 20.26 12.48 12.76 18.34 16.30 17.16 16.16 5.53 4.56

Table HC9.3 Household demographics of U.S. homes, by year of construction, 2020

Number of housing units (million)

Year of construction

Preliminary data release date: March 2022

Final data release date: March 2024

Race of householderc, d

White alone 99.99 17.15 10.01 10.16 14.82 13.00 14.01 12.86 4.23 3.74

Hispanic or Latino 12.04 1.67 1.50 1.33 1.87 1.67 1.36 1.54 0.60 0.51

Not Hispanic or Latino 87.94 15.48 8.51 8.83 12.95 11.33 12.66 11.32 3.63 3.22

Black or African American alone 12.95 1.82 1.42 1.56 1.89 1.93 1.62 1.62 0.72 0.36

Hispanic or Latino 0.63 Q Q 0.09 Q Q 0.14 0.08 Q Q

Not Hispanic or Latino 12.32 1.75 1.40 1.48 1.79 1.84 1.48 1.54 0.69 0.35

Asian alone 6.06 0.73 0.63 0.47 0.88 0.80 0.87 1.07 0.35 0.28

American Indian or Alaska Native 

alone 1.08 0.08 0.10 0.16 0.22 0.19 0.13 0.12 0.06 Q

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific 

Islander alone 0.35 Q Q 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.05 Q Q Q

More than one race 3.10 0.47 0.29 0.38 0.49 0.30 0.47 0.44 0.13 0.14

Employment status of householderc

Employed full-time 57.19 9.11 5.31 5.45 7.65 7.41 8.09 8.50 3.12 2.55

Employed part-time 11.08 2.02 1.08 1.13 1.65 1.51 1.68 1.22 0.44 0.35

Retired 39.22 6.09 4.48 4.49 6.78 5.13 5.23 4.50 1.35 1.16

Not employed 16.03 3.04 1.61 1.68 2.26 2.25 2.15 1.93 0.62 0.50

Educational attainment of 

householderc

Less than high school diploma or GED 5.95 1.06 0.79 0.72 1.11 0.80 0.65 0.47 0.18 0.14

High school diploma or GED 27.21 4.69 3.60 3.23 4.35 3.69 3.49 2.60 0.92 0.64

Some college or associate's degree 36.90 5.12 3.61 4.01 6.27 5.34 5.17 4.71 1.44 1.23

Bachelor's degree 30.92 5.26 2.59 2.84 4.05 3.76 4.50 4.78 1.69 1.44

Master's, professional, or doctoral 

degree 22.56 4.12 1.90 1.95 2.56 2.70 3.34 3.59 1.29 1.10

Typical number of weekdays 

someone is at home most or all of the 

day

0 days a week 9.79 1.54 0.91 1.08 1.39 1.32 1.29 1.38 0.49 0.41

1 day a week 3.65 0.65 0.29 0.28 0.58 0.50 0.56 0.47 0.21 0.11

2 days a week 7.28 1.27 0.78 0.68 1.02 0.99 1.01 0.85 0.34 0.34

3 days a week 5.76 0.92 0.58 0.65 0.80 0.74 0.82 0.78 0.27 0.19

4 days a week 4.72 0.73 0.40 0.37 0.83 0.69 0.67 0.68 0.19 0.17

5 days a week 92.33 15.16 9.52 9.70 13.71 12.06 12.82 12.00 4.02 3.34

Typical number of days someone is 

working from home

0 days a week 87.47 14.16 9.22 9.40 13.85 11.96 11.89 10.49 3.62 2.88

1 day a week 1.73 0.30 0.16 0.16 0.22 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.04 0.08

2 days a week 2.09 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.25 0.40 0.27 0.31 0.10 0.07

3 days a week 2.54 0.29 0.21 0.28 0.42 0.27 0.47 0.33 0.14 0.13

4 days a week 2.17 0.38 0.17 0.17 0.23 0.28 0.41 0.34 0.10 0.08

5 or more days a week 27.54 4.88 2.48 2.54 3.37 3.13 3.85 4.45 1.53 1.32
Total U.S.a

Before 

1950

1950 to 

1959

1960 to 

1969

1970 to 

1979

1980 to 

1989

1990 to 

1999

2000 to 

2009

2010 to 

2015

2016 to 

2020

All homes 123.53 20.26 12.48 12.76 18.34 16.30 17.16 16.16 5.53 4.56

Table HC9.3 Household demographics of U.S. homes, by year of construction, 2020

Number of housing units (million)

Year of construction

Preliminary data release date: March 2022

Final data release date: March 2024

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. See RECS Terminology for definition of terms used in these tables.

a Total U.S. includes all primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and 

group quarters are excluded.

b Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without paying rent.

c These characteristics refer to the householder that completed the RECS questionnaire.

d Householders could select more than one racial category to describe themselves. These householders are only included as more than one race .

Q = Data withheld because either the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 10 households were in reporting sample.

N = No households in reporting sample. 
Total U.S.a

Before 

1950

1950 to 

1959

1960 to 

1969

1970 to 

1979

1980 to 

1989

1990 to 

1999

2000 to 

2009

2010 to 

2015

2016 to 

2020

All homes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.84 3.44

Number of household members

1 member 1.25 3.93 3.71 4.48 4.14 3.81 4.66 4.20 6.73 9.09

2 members 1.15 3.23 3.42 3.62 2.95 2.94 3.15 2.58 6.03 6.42

3 members 1.87 4.28 6.92 6.88 5.14 5.37 4.90 4.11 10.77 10.12

4 members 2.08 6.13 9.40 6.98 5.69 6.96 5.34 5.38 8.09 10.10

5 members 4.12 11.63 12.64 11.94 8.70 12.68 10.08 7.08 13.27 16.96

6 or more members 4.58 15.86 15.36 14.68 9.83 11.33 12.82 10.23 18.93 22.44

Children under 18 in household

Yes 1.29 3.99 5.16 5.15 3.60 3.95 3.51 2.71 5.68 6.25

No 0.50 1.30 1.55 1.79 1.29 1.45 1.45 1.42 3.79 4.91

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 4.63 11.96 11.82 15.73 11.51 11.19 14.15 16.80 22.78 26.07

$5,000 to $9,999 5.53 11.87 12.46 13.93 13.14 13.05 15.82 16.22 24.07 31.07

$10,000 to $19,999 3.21 5.90 8.21 9.06 6.13 7.87 9.93 9.73 19.53 22.54

$20,000 to $39,999 1.98 3.87 5.91 5.35 4.33 4.72 5.33 4.97 10.48 14.22

$40,000 to $59,999 1.83 4.55 5.32 6.71 4.17 5.23 5.40 5.41 8.59 10.86

$60,000 to $99,999 1.58 4.02 5.92 5.29 3.97 4.54 3.73 4.53 6.92 7.42

$100,000 to $149,999 1.83 5.72 7.43 5.22 4.64 6.49 4.60 5.19 9.59 9.51

$150,000 or more 1.93 5.17 8.13 7.54 5.86 6.26 5.41 3.97 5.93 8.27

Ownership of housing unitb

Owned 0.42 1.60 1.80 2.04 1.42 1.64 1.52 1.57 4.10 4.15

Rented 0.86 3.30 5.02 3.56 2.48 2.79 3.91 3.76 4.93 6.51

Payment method for energy bills

All paid by household 0.27 0.90 0.87 1.07 0.72 0.76 0.57 0.53 2.89 3.69

Some paid by household, some 

included in rent or condo fee 3.90 9.11 15.14 10.57 7.88 13.99 13.84 11.52 20.43 19.99

All included in rent or condo fee 4.78 10.17 15.57 12.68 12.05 12.79 18.13 12.48 18.36 26.23

Some other method 25.04 53.03 47.50 15.12 82.32 79.73 55.27 73.46 82.28 15.61

Age of householderc

Younger than 25 years 5.46 13.14 21.41 15.08 13.24 13.47 13.06 12.29 14.73 18.21

25 to 34 years 2.18 5.91 7.36 6.68 6.13 6.12 6.35 6.01 8.41 9.56

35 to 44 years 2.06 4.95 8.22 6.95 5.67 5.67 6.14 4.58 6.26 9.29

45 to 54 years 2.05 5.08 6.82 5.09 5.10 5.74 3.85 4.19 8.61 10.38

55 to 64 years 1.65 3.55 5.65 5.18 4.63 4.10 3.83 5.33 9.30 10.42

65 to 74 years 1.90 4.24 5.16 4.59 4.19 5.01 4.69 5.26 9.71 10.75

75 years or older 1.99 5.95 6.51 5.56 5.37 6.69 7.07 5.74 11.02 15.55

Ethnicity of householderc

Hispanic or Latino 2.50 8.52 8.27 9.53 6.14 6.74 8.58 6.43 11.61 12.40

Not Hispanic or Latino 0.32 0.85 1.29 1.41 0.80 0.88 0.93 0.81 3.11 3.76

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC9.3 Household demographics of U.S. homes, by year of construction, 2020

RSEs for number of housing units

Year of construction

Preliminary data release date: March 2022

Final data release date: March 2024
Total U.S.a

Before 

1950

1950 to 

1959

1960 to 

1969

1970 to 

1979

1980 to 

1989

1990 to 

1999

2000 to 

2009

2010 to 

2015

2016 to 

2020

All homes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.84 3.44

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC9.3 Household demographics of U.S. homes, by year of construction, 2020

RSEs for number of housing units

Year of construction

Preliminary data release date: March 2022

Final data release date: March 2024

Race of householderc, d

White alone 0.37 0.84 1.68 1.33 1.11 1.14 1.25 1.21 3.37 4.16

Hispanic or Latino 2.92 8.98 8.54 10.40 6.84 7.13 9.25 7.17 12.73 14.30

Not Hispanic or Latino 0.48 1.15 2.31 1.66 1.35 1.50 1.48 1.50 3.51 4.50

Black or African American alone 2.23 6.38 8.85 7.27 6.93 6.08 7.49 6.94 10.04 14.90

Hispanic or Latino 14.07 49.26 69.97 32.56 37.12 36.97 29.20 30.24 55.49 91.03

Not Hispanic or Latino 2.34 6.79 9.23 7.72 7.02 6.28 8.24 7.29 10.14 15.30

Asian alone 3.04 11.04 12.00 13.23 10.28 10.28 10.02 9.58 14.45 13.92

American Indian or Alaska Native 

alone 9.55 38.71 30.64 24.11 21.02 20.26 23.72 22.62 44.63 68.21

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific 

Islander alone 15.09 69.92 58.86 37.08 46.35 42.57 33.60 35.40 52.62 66.62

More than one race 4.87 12.72 21.77 15.24 13.93 15.31 13.97 13.35 24.21 23.17

Employment status of householderc

Employed full-time 0.93 2.08 2.96 2.69 3.18 2.42 2.58 2.07 4.04 4.98

Employed part-time 2.68 7.21 9.42 7.50 6.84 6.05 7.31 7.89 11.98 16.92

Retired 1.09 2.71 3.75 2.81 2.71 3.23 3.87 3.59 7.69 7.51

Not employed 2.19 5.17 6.63 7.79 6.83 6.11 6.71 6.76 9.80 10.98

Educational attainment of 

householderc

Less than high school diploma or GED 3.98 9.99 10.97 11.43 9.56 13.18 12.72 14.59 21.72 28.94

High school diploma or GED 1.73 3.69 4.48 4.75 3.91 4.24 5.56 5.15 8.93 10.78

Some college or associate's degree 1.39 4.17 3.71 3.90 2.93 3.43 3.94 3.90 7.22 7.48

Bachelor's degree 1.57 3.64 5.35 4.72 3.72 3.89 4.47 3.48 6.35 7.06

Master's, professional, or doctoral 

degree 2.03 4.20 5.72 6.29 5.09 5.38 4.33 4.48 5.87 7.41

Typical number of weekdays 

someone is at home most or all of the 

day

0 days a week 2.45 7.37 10.80 7.84 6.47 7.55 7.78 6.53 11.93 14.98

1 day a week 5.45 14.47 17.53 16.54 13.22 13.69 13.96 13.01 19.29 24.79

2 days a week 3.18 8.59 10.25 10.54 9.46 9.50 10.30 9.62 15.08 13.28

3 days a week 3.71 9.83 13.06 10.03 12.07 12.21 9.64 11.65 19.70 15.72

4 days a week 4.00 8.08 15.47 12.55 9.98 11.92 11.54 10.23 21.21 21.08

5 days a week 0.51 1.19 1.56 1.49 1.34 1.59 1.34 1.71 3.87 4.00

Typical number of days someone is 

working from home

0 days a week 0.44 1.46 1.51 1.25 1.13 1.55 1.67 1.79 4.17 4.63

1 day a week 7.15 16.44 23.35 23.66 19.19 15.54 21.25 18.09 35.44 30.86

2 days a week 6.62 18.67 18.33 21.53 15.30 13.87 19.80 16.83 26.45 30.01

3 days a week 4.70 17.08 19.30 17.20 12.04 15.67 11.59 13.13 19.24 28.25

4 days a week 5.55 19.40 21.91 20.94 19.59 19.61 13.52 15.19 26.78 28.17

5 or more days a week 1.41 3.96 4.81 4.47 4.30 6.02 4.94 3.84 6.12 7.13
Total U.S.a

Before 

1950

1950 to 

1959

1960 to 

1969

1970 to 

1979

1980 to 

1989

1990 to 

1999

2000 to 

2009

2010 to 

2015

2016 to 

2020

All homes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.84 3.44

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC9.3 Household demographics of U.S. homes, by year of construction, 2020

RSEs for number of housing units

Year of construction

Preliminary data release date: March 2022

Final data release date: March 2024

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: See RECS Terminology for definition of terms used in these tables.

a Total U.S. includes all primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and 

group quarters are excluded.

b Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without paying rent.

c These characteristics refer to the householder that completed the RECS questionnaire.

d Householders could select more than one racial category to describe themselves. These householders are only included as more than one race .