DOE/EIA-0464(94)

Distribution Category UC-950

Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

August 1997

Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Markets and End Use

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical

agency within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should not be construed as advocating

or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other organization.
ii Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

Contacts

This publication was prepared by the Energy Information Administration under the general direction of W. Calvin

Kilgore, Director of the Office of Energy Markets and End Use (202-586-1617). The project was directed by Dwight

K. French, Chief of the Transportation and Industrial Branch in the Energy End Use and Integrated Statistics Division

(EEUISD) (202-586-1126). Specific technical information may be obtained from the Residential Transportation

Energy Consumption Survey (RTECS) Manager, Ron Lambrecht (202-586-4962). The fax number for all EEUISD

personnel is 202-586-0018.

Detailed technical questions on the topics indicated may be referred to the following members of the EEUISD:

RTECS Manager Ron Lambrecht 202-586-4962 rlambrec@eia.doe.gov

Vehicle Characteristics Ron Lambrecht 202-586-4962 rlambrec@eia.doe.gov

Barbara Fichman 202-586-5737 bfichman@eia.doe.gov 

Vehicle-Miles Traveled Ron Lambrecht 202-586-4962 rlambrec@eia.doe.gov

Barbara Fichman 202-586-5737 bfichman@eia.doe.gov 

Fuel Economy, Consumption, Ron Lambrecht 202-586-4962 rlambrec@eia.doe.gov

 and Expenditures Barbara Fichman 202-586-5737 bfichman@eia.doe.gov

Report Editing and Production Ron Lambrecht 202-586-4962 rlambrec@eia.doe.gov

Barbara Fichman 202-586-5737 bfichman@eia.doe.gov

Hattie Ramseur 202-586-1124 hramseur@eia.doe.gov

Christy Hall 202-586-1068 chall@eia.doe.gov

Public Use Data, Computer Nanno Smith 202-586-5841 nsmith@eia.doe.gov

 Systems Design

Detailed Statistical Tables Vicky Moorhead 202-586-1133 vmoorhea@eia.doe.gov 

Ron Lambrecht 202-586-4962 rlambrec@eia.doe.gov

EEUISD would like to thank Bethany Dickerson for verifying data in this report.
Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 iii

A Note to the Reader

The Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey (RTECS) was fielded for the last time in 1994.

This final RTECS report emphasizes changes in residential transportation from 1988, the earliest year for

which consistent data are available, through 1994. During the 1988-to-1994 period, minivans and sportutility vehicles became much more prevalent in the residential fleet and accounted for an increasing share

of vehicle-miles traveled. The first section of this report illustrates those and other changes in residential

transportation during the period. Chapters 1 through 4 explore trends in residential transportation and

Chapter 5 presents detailed tables.

For More Information

As part of the Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) mission to provide meaningful data from end-use

energy surveys, EIA conducts ongoing user needs efforts to ascertain users’ data requirements. Although

the RTECS will not be fielded again, EIA is exploring alternative sources of residential vehicle data. If you

have questions or suggestions about residential vehicle data, please contact Ron Lambrecht, RTECS

Manager, at 202-586-4962 or at the address below.

If you have any data or report-related requirements or suggestions regarding any of the other EIA

consumption surveys, please contact the appropriate survey manager directly, or use the address below.

Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS): Martha Johnson,

Survey Manager, at 202-586-1135.

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS): Mark Schipper, Survey

Manager, at 202-586-1136.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS): Robert Latta, Survey Manager,

at 202-586-1385.

You are encouraged to provide your comments to the survey managers. Your feedback is important to us.

 EI-63, Mail Stop 2G-090

 1000 Independence Avenue, SW

 Washington, DC 20585

 Fax: 202-586-0018

 

 
iv Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

Contents

Residential Transportation At a Glance, 1988-1994 ............................................. ix

1. Introduction .......................................................................... 1

 

2. Vehicle Characteristics ................................................................. 5

Changes in the Composition of the Residential Fleet ........................................... 5

Residential Vehicles at the Household Level ................................................. 10

Changes in Residential Vehicle Technology ................................................. 10

 

3. Vehicle-Miles Traveled ............................................................... 15

The Number of Vehicle-Miles Traveled Continued To Rise ..................................... 15

Inside the Average U.S. Household: Who Drives the Most? ..................................... 18

 

4. Fuel Economy, Consumption, and Expenditures ........................................... 25

Fuel Economy Increased a Small Amount ................................................... 25

Fuel Consumption Increased in 1994 ....................................................... 30

Fuel Expenditures Varied by Household Characteristics ........................................ 33

Text Notes and Sources .................................................................... 37

 

5. Detailed Tables ....................................................................... 39

Table Organization ..................................................................... 39

Quick-Reference Guide .................................................................. 39

Row and Column Factors ................................................................ 40

Glossary ............................................................................... 107
Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 v

Tables

Chapter 1

1.1. Household Characteristics, Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Expenditures per 

 Household, 1994 ................................................................. 3

Chapter 5

5.1. U.S. Number of Vehicles, Vehicle Miles, Motor Fuel Consumption and Expenditures, 1994 ........ 43

5.2. U.S. per Household Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Expenditures, 1994 .... 47

5.3. U.S. per Vehicle Miles Traveled, Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Expenditures, 1994 ............. 49

5.4. U.S. Vehicles by Model Year, 1994 .................................................... 53

5.5. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Efficiency by Model Year, 1994 ........................................ 57

5.6. U.S. Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Model Year, 1994 ............................... 61

5.7. U.S. Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Family Income, 1994 ...................................... 65

5.8. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Family Income, 1994 ................................... 69

5.9. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Family Income, 1994 ............................... 73

5.10. U.S. Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Family Income, 1994 ............................ 75

5.11. U.S. Vehicles by Household Composition, 1994 .......................................... 77

5.12. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Household Composition, 1994 ........................ 81

5.13. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Category, 1994 ................ 83

5.14. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Vehicle Type, 1994 ..................................... 87

5.15. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle Type, 1994 ................................ 91

5.16. U.S. Number of Vehicles by Vehicle Type, 1994 .......................................... 95

5.17. U.S. Number of Households by Vehicle Fuel Expenditures, 1994 ............................. 99

5.18. U.S. Average Household and Vehicle Energy Expenditures, 1994 ........................... 102
vi Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

Figures

Chapter 2

2.1. Number of Vehicles, 1983, 1985, 1988, 1991, and 1994 ..................................... 6

2.2. Number of Residential Vehicles by Type, 1988 and 1994 ..................................... 6

2.3. Change in Number of Residential Vehicles by Type, 1988 to 1994 ............................. 7

2.4. Sales of New Passenger Cars and New Light Trucks for Model Years 1980 - 1995 ................. 8

2.5. Number of Pre-1983 Residential Vehicles by Type, 1988, 1991, and 1994 ....................... 9

2.6. Light Trucks’ Share of Each Region’s Residential Fleet, 1994 ................................ 9

2.7. Average Engine Size for Residential Vehicles for Model Years 1980 - 1995 ..................... 12

2.8. Number of Cylinders in Residential Vehicle Engines, 1988 and 1994 .......................... 12

2.9. Vehicle Performance for Model Years 1980 - 1995 ......................................... 13

Chapter 3

3.1. Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Type of Vehicle, 1988, 1991, and 1994 .................. 16

3.2. Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household and per Vehicle by Survey Year, 

 1988, 1991, and 1994 .............................................................. 16

3.3. Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Vehicle by Region, 1994 ............................. 19

3.4. Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Vehicle by Vehicle Age, 1994 ......................... 19

3.5. Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household by Household Size and Survey Year, 1988 and 

 1994 ........................................................................... 20

3.6. Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household by Number of Drivers and Survey Year, 

 1988 and 1994 .................................................................... 21

3.7. Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household by Household Composition and Survey Year, 1988

 and 1994 ........................................................................ 21

3.8. Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Vehicle by Age of Primary Driver, 1994 ................. 22

3.9. Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household by Annual Household Income, 1994 ........... 23

3.10. Average Number of Vehicles per Household by Household Income, 1994 ....................... 23

Chapter 4

4.1. Average Fuel Economy of Residential Vehicles for Model Years Through 1995 .................. 26

4.2. Average Fuel Economy of Residential Vehicles by Type of Vehicle, 1988 and 1994 .............. 27

4.3. Number of Residential Vehicles by Fuel Economy, 1988 and 1994 ............................ 27

4.4. Average Fuel Economy of Residential Vehicles by Household Composition, 1994 ................ 29

4.5. Average Fuel Economy of Residential Vehicles by Annual Household Income, 1994 .............. 29

4.6. Total Residential Vehicle Fuel Consumption, 1983, 1985, 1988, 1991, and 1994 ................. 30

 4.7. Total Residential Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Type of Vehicle, 1988 and 1994 ................. 31

4.8. Average Residential Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Type of Vehicle, 1988 and 1994 .............. 32

4.9. Average Residential Vehicle Fuel Consumption per Vehicle for Model Years Through 1995 ........ 32

4.10. Average Annual Residential Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Region, 1994 ....................... 33

4.11. Average Fuel Expenditures per Residential Vehicle by Survey Year, 1980, 1983, 

 1985, 1988, 1991, and 1994 ......................................................... 34

4.12. Average Vehicle Fuel Expenditures per Household, 1994 .................................... 34

4.13. Average Vehicle Fuel Expenditures and Household Energy Expenditures by Household 

 Income, 1994 .................................................................... 35
,

,

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 ix

Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 presents statistics about energy-related characteristics of highway vehicles

available for personal use by members of U.S. households. The data were collected in the 1994 Residential Transportation

Energy Consumption Survey, the final cycle in a series of nationwide energy consumption surveys conducted during the

1980's and 1990's by the Energy Information Administrations.
Engines Became

More Powerful . . .

Percent Distribution of Total

Residential Vehicle Fleet by

Number of Cylinders, 1988 and 1994

Percent Distribution of Vehicle Fleet

by Engine Size, 1988 and 1994

Percent

Percent

4 cyl

Less

than

2.50

liters

6 cyl

2.50-

4.49

8 cyl liters

4.50

liters

or

greater

20

20

40

40

Vehicle Performance for Model Years 1980 - 1995

(Index, 1980 = 100)

Source: Environmental Protection Agency

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

60

80

100

120

140

160

Index, 1980 = 100

Horsepower

Cubic Inch Displacement

Acceleration

x Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
And the Vehicle

Fleet Stock Aged.

Percent Distribution of Total Residential

Vehicle Fleet by Vehicle Age, 1988 and 1994

Percent

20 40

6-11 3-5 0-2

Fuel Injection Replaced

Carburetion . . .

Percent Distribution of Total Residential

Vehicle Fleet with Carburetors and Fuel

Injection, 1988 and 1994 Percent

Carburetor Fuel

Injector

40 20 60 80

+12

Minivans and Sport-Utility Vehicles Became More Popular.

Percent Distribution of Total

Residential Vehicle Fleet by

Vehicle Type, 1988 and 1994

Percent Distribution of Newer Vehicles

(2 model years old or less) by Vehicle

Type, 1988 and 1994

Percent of Stock

Percent of Stock

Pickup

Trucks Pickup

Trucks

Passenger

Cars Passenger

Cars

Minivans and

Sport-Utility

Vehicles

Minivans and

Sport-Utility

Vehicles

40

40

20

20

60

60

80

80

INFO ON

VEHICLE

CHARACTERISTICS

1988 1994

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 xi
Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household by

Household Composition, 1988 and 1994

Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Vehicle by

Vehicle Age, 1988 and 1994

Thousand Miles Thousand Miles Years of Age

HH with

Children

16-17

Other

HH with

Children

1 Adult

0 Child

2+ Adult

0 Child

0-2

3-5

6-11

12+

10 20 10 30 5 15

Everyone Drove More,

but Families with Driving-Age

Children Traveled the Most.

Older Vehicles Were

Used the Least.

xii Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household by

Census Region, 1988 and 1994

Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household by

Household Income, 1988 and 1994

Thousand Miles Thousand Miles

Northeast

$50,000 or

more

Midwest $15,000-

$49,999

South

Less than

$15,000

West

10 10 20 20 30 30

Households in the "Wide-Open West"

Did Drive More Than Others . . . Not

But Higher-Income

Households Did.

Vehicles per Household Remained

Steady, While Driving Increased . . .

Especially Outside

of the Suburbs.

INFO ON

VEHICLE-MILES

TRAVELED

1988 1994

Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household

by Urban Status, 1988 and 1994

Vehicles per Household and Vehicle-Miles

Traveled per Household, 1988 and 1994

Number of Vehicles

Thousand Miles

Thousand Miles

Central

City

Miles

per HH

Suburban

Rural

Vehicles

per HH

10

1

10

20

2

20

30

3

30

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 xiii
Fuel Costs Added Up!

Newer Vehicle On-Road Fuel

Economy Fell Slightly . . .

In 1994, U.S. households

paid $104.7 billion for their

vehicle fuel, almost half of

their total energy expenditures.

On-Road Average Fuel Economy of Newer

Household Vehicles (2 or less model years old)

by Vehicle Type, 1988 and 1994

Miles per Gallon

All

Vehicles

Cars Pickup

Trucks

Minivans

*Data for 1988 were insufficient.

10

5

20

15

25

*

xiv Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
On-Road Average Fuel Economy of Household

Vehicle Fleet by Vehicle Type, 1988 and 1994 Miles per Gallon

All

Vehicles

Cars Pickup

Trucks

Minivans

10

20

But the Fuel Economy of the Total

Fleet Continued To Rise Slowly.

Households Paid More For Vehicle Fuel in 1994 than

They Did in 1988.

Final Average Expenditures per

Household for Vehicle Fuel,

1988 and 1994

Current

Dollars

InflationAdjusted

Dollars

1988 1994

1000

1500

500

The volume of motor fuel consumed by

residential vehicles in 1994 would have

filled about 9 million tank trucks. If placed

end to end, that number of tank trucks would

stretch across the United States nearly

40 times.Dollars

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 xv
From 1988............................................................To 1994

82.4 billion gallons to 90.6 billion gallons,

$81.1 billion to $104.7 billion,

$98.9 billion versus $104.7 billion.

$0.984 versus $1.156,

$550 versus $668,

$998 versus $1,234,

led to higher nominal expenditures per vehicle,

and per household,

but, when adjusted for inflation,

expenditures changed little:

and corresponding fuel costs

to rise substantially, from

although the inflation-adjusted

total cost was

Higher nominal prices per gallon,

Together with the ongoing growth of the country,

these trends caused the higher national demand

for residential vehicle fuel to rise from

From 1988............................................................To 1994

147.5 million to 156.8 million,

10.2 thousand to 11.4 thousand,

18.3 mpg to 19.8 mpg,

559 gallons and 578 gallons.

1.8 vehicles and 1.8 vehicles.

The total number of residential

vehicles increased from

Average miles traveled per

vehicle jumped from

and fuel economy improved from

so that fuel use per vehicle

remained fairly constant at

while the number of vehicles

per vehicle-operating household

remained constant at

$1,218 $1,234. versus

Energy Information Adminstration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 xvi
Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 1

Chapter 1. Introduction

Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 reports on the results of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy

Consumption Survey (RTECS). The RTECS is a national sample survey that has been conducted every 3 years since

1985. For the 1994 survey, more than 3,000 households that own or use some 6,000 vehicles provided information

to describe vehicle stock, vehicle-miles traveled, energy end-use consumption, and energy expenditures for personal

vehicles. The survey results represent the characteristics of the 84.9 million households that used or had access to

vehicles in 1994 nationwide. (An additional 12 million households neither owned nor had access to vehicles during

the survey year.) To be included in the RTECS survey, vehicles must be either owned or used by household members

on a regular basis for personal transportation, or owned by a company rather than a household, but kept at home,

regularly available for the use of household members. Most vehicles included in the RTECS are classified as “lightduty vehicles” (weighing less than 8,500 pounds). However, the RTECS also includes a very small number of “other”

vehicles, such as motor homes and larger trucks that are available for personal use.

What Are the Major Findings of the Survey?

Members of U.S. households drove more miles and consumed more fuel in 1994 than in 1988. Vehicle-miles traveled

per household increased by 13 percent and the average fuel consumption per household increased by 5 percent.

Household expenditures for motor gasoline, when adjusted for inflation, rose by 6 percent between 1988 and 1994.

Fuel economy, as measured in miles per gallon (mpg), increased by 8 percent over the 6-year period. 

The average number of vehicles per household remained constant between 1988 and 1994 at approximately 1.8, while

the number of households with vehicles reported in the 1988 survey was 81.3 million, compared with 84.9 million in

1994. The total number of vehicles nationwide rose from 148 million to 157 million, an increase of 6 percent. 

The composition of the vehicle stock continued its shift away from passenger cars toward minivans and sport-utility

vehicles. In 1988, passenger cars comprised nearly three-quarters of the total vehicle stock, but by 1994, that share

had dropped to 68 percent. The number of minivans and sport-utility vehicles grew by 42 percent, increasing their

share from 5 percent of the total vehicle stock in 1988 to 11 percent in 1994. Pickup trucks made up 18 percent of

the vehicle stock in 1994, the same as in 1998. Aside from passenger cars, only large vans decreased in both number

and share of total stock, dropping from 3 percent of the total vehicle stock to 2 percent over the 6-year period. 

What is the Significance of the Findings?

 

The survey results have implications for the overall fuel economy in the United States and the amount of motor

gasoline consumed. The increase in the number of minivans, sport-utility vehicles, and pickup trucks may depress

overall fleet fuel economy, because these vehicles are subject to the fuel economy standards for light trucks and

consume more fuel per mile traveled. Fuel economy is increased, however, by the retirement of older vehicles that

are less fuel efficient than newer models. Passenger cars built after 1979 showed a dramatic increase in fuel

economy, which rose 3 miles per gallon between 1979 and 1980 and then increased steadily—though less

dramatically—throughout the 1980's. Fuel economy has leveled off in the 1990's. In 1991, 35 million vehicles, or 1

23 percent of the total vehicle stock, were from model year 1979 or earlier. By 1994, that number had dropped to 20

million, or 13 percent of the vehicle stock. Those older vehicles tend to be driven fewer miles than the new vehicles

that replaced them, according to the survey data. Therefore, although older vehicles tend to consume more fuel per

mile, their effect on the fleet average is mitigated by the fact that they are driven fewer miles. 
2 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 examines the effects of household size, household income, age of

primary driver, vehicle characteristics, and Census region on household vehicle stock, miles traveled, fuel economy,

and fuel consumption (Table 1.1). In general, the size of the household, composition of the household, and household

income had a large effect on those variables.

What is the Purpose of the Survey Report?

The purpose of this report is to provide information on the use of energy in residential vehicles in the 50 States and

the District of Columbia. Included are data about the number and types of vehicles in the residential sector, the

characteristics of those vehicles, the total annual vehicle-miles traveled, per-household and per-vehicle vehicle-miles

traveled, vehicle fuel consumption and expenditures, and vehicle-fuel economy. 

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) is mandated by Congress to collect, analyze, and disseminate impartial,

comprehensive data about energy: how much is produced, who uses it, and the purposes for which it is used. To

comply with this mandate, EIA collects energy data from a variety of sources covering a wide range of topics.2

How Was the Survey Conducted?

The data for this report are based on personal interviews and telephone interviews with householders from the 1993

Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) and the 1994 RTECS, conducted from 1993 through early 1995.

The 1994 RTECS represents 96.6 million households, of which 84.9 million owned or had access to 156.8 million

household motor vehicles in the 50 States and the District of Columbia. 

The beginning-of-year data collection for the RTECS was combined with the 1993 RECS personal interviews in the

fall of 1993. In 1994 and 1995, further data about the vehicle stock and vehicle-miles traveled were collected by

telephone interviews. Mail questionnaires were sent to households that could not be contacted by telephone. Midyear data collection during 1994 was conducted to identify vehicles acquired or disposed of during the first half of

the year and to obtain estimated beginning or final odometer readings on those vehicles. The end-of-year data

collection was conducted in the first 4 months of 1995. At that time final odometer readings and changes in vehicle

stock were collected. 

The survey was used to collect data on actual vehicle-miles traveled for each vehicle in a household by obtaining the

odometer reading at two points in time. Vehicle characteristic information (type of vehicle, engine size, number of

cylinders, type of fuel system, etc.) was collected directly from respondents and from decoded Vehicle Identification

Numbers. Vehicle fuel consumption and expenditures were estimated using vehicle fuel economies as calculated (and

adjusted) by the Environmental Protection Agency and presented in miles per gallon and by motor fuel prices

collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Are the Survey Results Statistically Significant?

Because the statistics published in this report are based on a sample of all residential housing units in the 50 States

and the District of Columbia as of November 1993, the values are estimates rather than exact measures for the

population. Certain estimates in these tables are suppressed due to large error levels or few sample observations. (See

table footnotes for explanation.) Each table in the “Detailed Tables” section includes row and column relative

standard error (RSE) factors to be used in calculating RSEs for individual table entries. 

Unless stated otherwise, all comparisons reported in the text are statistically significant, based on a standard test made

at the 0.05 significance level. These tests were made using the actual RSE’s computed by EIA. No adjustments were

made for simultaneous inference.
Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 3

Table 1.1. Household Characteristics, Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Fuel 

 Consumption, and Fuel Expenditures per Household, 1994

Household

Characteristics

Average Vehicle-Miles Motor Fuel Motor Fuel

Number of Traveled per Consumption Expenditures

Vehicles per Household per Household per Household

Household (thousands) (gallons) (dollars)

Average

Household Size

1 person 1.2 11.6 566 657

2 persons 1.8 20.0 1,016 1,171

3 persons 2.1 25.2 1,257 1,455

4 persons 2.2 26.6 1,357 1,570

5 persons 2.2 26.3 1,359 1,571

6 or more persons 2.3 30.9 1,566 1,829

Household

Composition

Households with 2.0 24.8 1,257 1,453

Children

Households with 1.7 18.9 951 1,100

No Children

Family Income

Less than $5,000 1.4 16.1 781 923

$5,000-$9,999 1.2 12.2 631 719

$10,000-14,999 1.4 14.3 739 854

$15,000-19,000 1.7 17.8 937 1,073

$20,000-24,999 1.7 18.4 931 1,079

$25,000-34,999 1.8 21.6 1,102 1,269

$35,000-49,999 2.0 23.6 1,182 1,366

$50,000-74,999 2.3 27.0 1,325 1,528

$75,000 or more 2.3 28.5 1,443 1,692

 Source: Table 5.2 in this report.
4 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

How Can the Appendices Be Obtained?

The appendices for this report are available electronically on the EIA web site at

http://eia.doe.gov under “End Use Consumption”. Printed copies are available from the National

Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800 or for the hearing impaired by TTY: 202-586-1181.

Appendix A: “How the Survey Was Conducted” contains information about how the data

 were collected and processed.

Appendix B: “Estimation Methodologies” describes the estimation procedures used.

Appendix C: “Quality of the Data” includes information on how to calculate RSEs for data in

 the tables. 

 

Appendix D: “Survey Forms” presents the forms on which data for the RTECS were 

 collected—Forms EIA-457A, EIA-457B, and EIA-876A-D.

Appendix E: Presents maps showing climate zones and Census Regions and Divisions.

Appendix F: Lists related EIA publications on energy consumption.

How Is This Report Organized?

A discussion of the highlights of survey findings, featuring tables and figures that present information of special

interest or that provide a finer analysis than is contained in the detailed tables, follows this section. The “Detailed

Tables” section that follows the main text contains extensive cross-tabulations of household characteristics, vehicle

characteristics, and vehicle fuel consumption and expenditures. Definitions of the terms used in this report are located

in the Glossary. 

Thank You . . .

EIA gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the respondents in supplying the information used to produce the

estimates presented here.

 
Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 5

How Do Passenger Cars Differ from Light Trucks?

All light-duty vehicles are classified as passenger cars or light trucks for fuel economy purposes. Passenger cars

must meet a corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) requirement (unadjusted for actual on-road performance)

that has been set at 27.5 miles per gallon, unchanged since 1990. Light trucks, which comprise pickup trucks,

sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and large vans, are subject to a much lower unadjusted fuel economy

requirement. In 1996 and 1997, the requirement for light trucks was set at 20.7 miles per gallon.

Chapter 2. Vehicle Characteristics

U.S. households used a fleet of nearly 157 million vehicles in 1994. Despite remarkable growth in the number of

minivans and sport-utility vehicles, passenger cars continued to predominate in the residential vehicle fleet. This

chapter looks at changes in the composition of the residential fleet in 1994 compared with earlier years and reviews

the effect of technological changes on fuel efficiency (how efficiently a vehicle engine processes motor fuel) and fuel

economy (how far a vehicle travels on a given amount of fuel). Using data unique to the Residential Transportation

Energy Consumption Survey, it also explores the relationship between residential vehicle use and family income.

Changes in the Composition of the Residential Fleet

The number of vehicles in U.S. households rose from 148 million in 1988 to 157 million in 1994, an increase of 9

million vehicles. During the same period, the U.S. population grew by almost 15 million persons to 260 million. The

3

average annual growth rates of both residential vehicles and population equaled 1.0 percent. The number of licensed

drivers grew at an average annual rate of 1.2 percent, and, in 1994, there were 1.1 licensed drivers per residential 4

vehicle, slightly more than in 1988. 

Residential vehicles continued to account for the majority of all U.S. vehicles. Not surprisingly, the rate of increase

in vehicles available for use in households was approximately the same as the rate of increase for the U.S. total vehicle

stock (Figure 2.1).

A Growing Number of Passenger Cars Were Replaced by Light Trucks

The number of passenger cars in U.S. households was 106 million in 1994 (Figure 2.2). At a 68-percent share,

passenger cars continued to dominate the residential fleet, but not to the same extent as in 1988, when their share was

74 percent.

In contrast, there was remarkable growth in the number of household vehicles categorized as light trucks, particularly

minivans. From 1988 through 1994, the number of light trucks in the residential fleet increased by an estimated 12

million, which more than compensated for the apparent decline in the number of passenger cars.

The number of minivans grew dramatically. It rose from 2.2 million in 1988 to 8.1 million in 1994, an increase of

268 percent (Figure 2.3). Minivans, introduced into the market in the mid-1980's, accounted for nearly 1 in 20

residential vehicles in 1994.
Figure 2.1 Number of Vehicles, 1983, 1985, 1988, 1991, and 1994

1983 1985 1988 1991 1994

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Figure 2.2 Number of Residential Vehicles by Type, 1988 and 1994

109.3

25.9

4.8 2.2 4.7

147.5

106.4

28.8

9.5 8.1

3.4

156.8

Passenger Car Pickup Truck Sport-Utility Minivan Large Van Total

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

6 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

 Note: U.S. total vehicles include motorcycles and buses, as well as other nonresidential vehicles, which are excluded from the

Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

 Sources: U.S. Total Vehicles: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Annual Energy Review 1995, DOE/EIA-0384(95)

(Washington, DC, July 1996), Table 2.16. Residential Vehicles: 1983—EIA, Consumption Patterns of Household Vehicles

1983, DOE/EIA-0464(83) (Washington, DC, January 1985), Table 11. 1985—EIA, Consumption Patterns of Household Vehicles

1985, DOE/EIA-0464(85) (Washington, DC, April 1987), Table 8. 1988—EIA, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988,

DOE/EIA-0464(88) (Washington, DC, February 1990), Table 6. 1991—EIA, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1991,

DOE/EIA-0464(91) (Washington, DC, December 1993), Table 8. 1994—Table 5.1 in this report.

 Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: 1988—Energy Information Administration, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88)

(Washington, DC, February 1990), Table 6. 1994—Table 5.1 in this report.
Figure 2.3 Change in Number of Residential Vehicles by Type, 1988 to 1994

-2.7

11.2

97.9

268.2

-27.7

6.3

Passenger Car Pickup Truck Sport-Utility Minivan Large Van Total

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

-50

-100

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 7

 Sources: 1988—Energy Information Administration, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88)

(Washington, DC, February 1990), Table 6. 1994—Table 5.1 in this report.

Sport-utility vehicles, termed “jeep-like” vehicles in the 1988 survey, also increased in number at a remarkable rate.

From 1988 through 1994, they rose 98 percent to 9.5 million.

Pickup trucks were the most prevalent of the light trucks on the road. Almost 1 in 5 residential vehicles in 1994 was

a pickup truck. In 1994, the number of pickup trucks totaled 29 million. 

The only type of light truck estimated to have declined over the period was the large van. The large van share of the

residential fleet fell from 3 percent in 1988 to 2 percent in 1994 when large vans numbered 3.4 million. 

Throughout the 7-year period of 1988 through 1994, inflation-adjusted prices of motor fuel (motor gasoline and diesel

fuel) were well below the peak prices of the early 1980's. For example, at its peak in 1981, the adjusted price (in

chained [1992] dollars and including taxes) of unleaded regular motor gasoline was $2.09 per gallon, whereas in 1994

5

the comparable price was $1.06.6

When motor fuel prices are relatively low, consumers have less incentive for choosing vehicles with higher fuel

economy ratings. And, in fact, consumer preference for light trucks, which have significantly lower fuel economy

ratings than do passenger cars, was one factor leading to the decline in the number of passenger cars. A second factor

contributing to the increase in light trucks’ share of the residential fleet was the continuing tendency of householders

to keep older light trucks in operation while retiring older passenger cars. Those factors had their greatest effect in

the West, where light trucks make up a higher percentage of the residential vehicle fleet than in other regions.

Consumer Preference for Light Trucks Increased

Total sales of new light trucks to all sectors rose during the 1980's and 1990's (Figure 2.4). For model year 1995, 5.7

million light trucks were sold, more than ever before and nearly three times the number of sales for model year 1980.

Although sales of new passenger cars fluctuated and rose as high as 11 million for model year 1986, for model year
Figure 2.4 Sales of New Passenger Cars and New Light Trucks for Model

Years 1980 - 1995

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

8 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

 Source: Federal Highway Administration, Summary of Fuel Economy Performance (Washington, DC, April 1996), p. 3.

1995 sales of 9.2 million were about the same as they had been for model year 1980 (9.4 million). For model year

1995, therefore, light trucks accounted for slightly more than one-third of total sales. 

Sales data disaggregated by sector are not available, but changes in the composition of the residential fleet, as noted

above, clearly reflect householders’ growing preference for light trucks. That preference restrained the increase in

the fuel economy of the residential fleet as a whole (see Chapter 4). 

Light Trucks Were Kept in Operation Longer

Although the number of old passenger cars in the residential fleet declined rapidly from 1988 through 1994, old light

trucks, particularly pickup trucks and large vans, were taken out of service at a slower rate. For example, the number

of passenger cars of model year 1982 or earlier fell from 57 million in 1988 to 20 million in 1994, meaning that about

two-thirds of those older passenger cars were retired from the residential fleet over the 7-year period (Figure 2.5). By

comparison, the number of pre-1983 light trucks fell from 21 million to 11 million, meaning that only about one-half

were retired.

The tendency to retain old light trucks led to a difference in the average age of light trucks and passenger cars. In the

1994 fleet, the average age of passengers cars was 8.1 years. Light trucks as a group averaged 8.5 years, but there

was wide variation in the average age of different types of light trucks. For example, pickup trucks and large vans

were, on average, 9.9 years old, whereas sport-utility vehicles averaged 6.6 years and minivans averaged 4.8 years.

Light Trucks Were Most Prevalent in the West

In 1994, the western fleet had a high ratio of light trucks to passenger cars. Light trucks made up 37 percent of the

residential fleet in the West, compared with 33 percent in the South, 30 percent in the Midwest, and 26 percent in the

Northeast (Figure 2.6).
Figure 2.5 Number of Pre-1983 Residential Vehicles by Type, 1988, 1991,

 and 1994

1988 1991 1994

0

20

40

60

80

Midwest

Northeast

South

West

Figure 2.6 Light Trucks' Share of Each Region's Residential Fleet, 1994

(Percent)

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 9

 Sources: 1988—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88)

(Washington, DC, February 1990), Table 9. 1991—EIA, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1991, DOE/EIA-0464(91)

(Washington, DC, December 1993), Table 11. 1994—Table 5.4 in this report.

 

 

 Source: Table 5.16 in this report.
10 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

The national tendency to keep old trucks in service longer than old cars meant that in the West old residential vehicles

as a whole were taken out of service at a slower rate than in the other regions of the country. For example, vehicles

of model year 1988 or earlier accounted for a 64-percent share of all of the residential vehicles in the West. In the

other regions of the country, the shares were lower: 59 percent in the Midwest and 57 percent each in the South and

Northeast. 

The rural nature of much of the West may have contributed to the prevalence of light trucks in the region. In general,

rural areas had a higher ratio of light trucks to passenger cars than did urban areas. Even California, the most populous

State in the West, had a ratio above the national average. In California, 1 of every 3 residential vehicles was a light

truck. In contrast, in New York fewer than 1 in 4 was.

Residential Vehicles at the Household Level

In 1994, the 156.8 million residential vehicles were divided among the 84.9 million households that had at least one

vehicle, meaning that each of those households had an average of about 1.8 vehicles. Despite the increase in the total

number of vehicles in the residential fleet from 1988 to 1994, the average number of vehicles per household remained

at 1.8 because the growth in the number of households kept pace with the growth in the number of vehicles. An

additional 12.5 million households, including many of the poorest households, had no vehicles.

Lower-Income Households Had Fewer Vehicles in 1994

Lower-income households—those with annual family incomes below $25,000—had, on average, 1.5 vehicles in 1994.

Not surprisingly, households with annual family incomes of $25,000 or above had more vehicles—2.1, on average.

More Households in 1994 Had No Vehicles

In 1988 and 1991, the number of households without vehicles remained at about 10 million, even though the total

number of households rose 3.0 million from 1988 to 1991. In 1991, the share of households without vehicles was

10.6 percent.

In 1994, by contrast, the share of households without vehicles jumped to 12.7 percent. The total number of households

rose 2.7 million from 1991 to 1994, while the number of households without vehicles rose 2.5 million.

The lowest-income households accounted for 83 percent of the total increase in the number of households without

vehicles. (The lowest-income households are those categorized as eligible for Federal assistance because their income

is lower than 150 percent of the national poverty line or 60 percent of statewide median income, whichever is higher.)

7

In 1994, 30 percent of the Nation’s lowest-income households were without vehicles, compared with a national

average for all households of 13 percent. 

Changes in Residential Vehicle Technology

The transportation sector relies almost entirely on petroleum. Because it also accounts for about two-thirds of U.S.

total petroleum demand, passenger cars and light trucks became a focus of efforts to use petroleum more efficiently, 8

thereby restraining demand.

The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 required passenger car and light truck manufacturers to meet

corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards applied on a fleet-wide basis for each manufacturer. The CAFE 9

standards, higher fuel prices in the 1970's and 1980's, and environmental quality initiatives such as the Clean Air Act

Amendments of 1990 all contributed to increasing the demand for more fuel-efficient vehicles.
Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 11

In turn, the demand for more fuel-efficient vehicles spurred improvements in existing technologies and the

development of new technologies. For example, using lighter-weight materials and reducing the size of vehicles led

to lighter vehicles that consumed less fuel per mile. 

Many improvements occurred in engine technology. Increasing the number of valves per cylinder resulted in increased

performance from smaller, more fuel-efficient engines. Increasing the number of gears in manual and automatic

transmissions allowed engines to operate at peak efficiency more of the time. Similarly, using lockup torque

converters to allow direct drive under some driving conditions also increased fuel economy. 

One of the most far-reaching improvements in engine technology concerned fuel injection, which was available but

not widely used prior to the mid-1980's. Valued for its greater fuel economy, as well as for its ability to control carbon

monoxide emissions and to improve engine performance, fuel injection technology began to penetrate the fleet during

the 1980's, and it was improved to such an extent that after 1990 virtually all new light-duty vehicles were equipped

with fuel injection instead of carburetors. By 1994, the trend toward the use of fuel injection rather than carburetors

for fuel metering had brought the share of residential vehicles using fuel injection to nearly half of the total residential

fleet. That share will increase rapidly in future years as older vehicles are retired.

Engine Size Shrank and Then Increased Slowly

For model year 1975 (the year in which CAFE standards were first mandated), residential vehicle engine size averaged

293 cubic inches of displacement. Twelve years later, the engines were much smaller. Model year 1987 engines 10

averaged 175 cubic inches (Figure 2.7). Thereafter, engine size trended upward, reaching an average of 198 cubic

inches of displacement for model year 1995.

As is generally the case, changes in the residential vehicle fleet as a whole lagged the changes by model year. Of the

3 years for which fleet data are available, 1991 had the lowest average engine size (despite an upward trend in the 4

preceding model years). In 1994, the fleet average was 227 cubic inches, while the 1994 model year average was 196.

Engines Averaged Fewer Cylinders

Meanwhile, the average number of cylinders in residential vehicle engines was decreasing. In 1988, 55 million

vehicles, over one-third of the total residential fleet, had 8-cylinder engines. In 1994, 8-cylinder engines were found

in only about 42 million vehicles, just over one-fourth of the total (Figure 2.8).

The trend over the 7-year period was toward more 4- and 6-cylinder engines. In 1994, 4-cylinder engines were the

most common (62 million out of a total of 157 million), but the 52 million 6-cylinder engines represented the greatest

increase (45 percent) relative to the 1988 level. 

Power and Performance Improved but Fuel Economy Stagnated

The improvements in residential vehicle technology allowed for improvements in performance despite shrinking or

relatively stable engine size. However, improved performance came at the expense of improvements in fuel economy.

For example, technical improvement in the efficiency of engines can be used to provide increased acceleration or

smaller, lighter engines with better fuel economy.

The effect of the improvements was particularly noticeable over the 1988-to-1994 period, when engine size stayed

at or below 198 cubic inches of displacement but power and performance rose markedly. For example, the average

horsepower of new vehicles rose from 123 in 1988 to 159 in 1994, an increase of 29 percent (Figure 2.9). Vehicles

manufactured in 1994, with an average of 159 horsepower, had the highest horsepower rating in at least 20 years, a

rating markedly higher than the 20-year low-point of 102 horsepower in 1981.
Figure 2.7 Average Engine Size for Residential Vehicles for Model 

Years 1980 - 1995

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

50

100

150

200

250

At 175, average engine

size was smallest for

model year 1987 vehicles.

Fleet Averages

New Vehicle Averages

Figure 2.8 Number of Cylinders in Residential Vehicle Engines, 1988 and 1994

55.3

36

55.2

61.5

52.3

41.6

4 6 8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

12 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

 Sources: New Vehicle Average s: Environmental Protection Agency, Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy

Trends Through 1996, EPA/AA/TDSG/96-01 (Washington, DC, August 1996), Table 1. Fleet Averages: Energy Information

Administration calculations made on the basis of data from the Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey 1988, 1991,

and 1994, March 17, 1997.

 

 Sources: 1988—Energy Information Administration, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88)

(Washington, DC, February 1990), Table 6. 1994—Table 5.1 in this report. 
Figure 2.9 Vehicle Performance for Model Years 1980 - 1995

(Index, 1980 = 100)

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

60

80

100

120

140

160

Index, 1980 = 100

Horsepower

Cubic Inch Displacement

Acceleration

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 13

Similarly, the time required for the average residential vehicle to accelerate from 0 miles per hour to 60 miles per hour

was reduced by 1.1 seconds, from 12.8 seconds in 1988 to 11.7 seconds in 1994. The 11.7 seconds time was the

fastest in at least 20 years.11

Over the same 7 years, however, the average fuel economy of new vehicles stagnated. Nevertheless, the average fuel

economy of the residential fleet rose somewhat, as new, more fuel-economic vehicles replaced older, less fueleconomic vehicles (see Chapter 4). 

 Source: Environmental Protection Agency, Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends Through 1996,

EPA/AA/TDSG/96-01 (Washington, DC, August 1996), Table 1.
14 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Chapter 3. Vehicle-Miles Traveled

Vehicle-miles traveled—the number of miles that residential vehicles are driven—is probably the most important

information collected by the Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey. Using the data on vehicle-miles

traveled allows analysts to answer such questions as:

 “Are minivans driven more than passenger cars?” 

 “Do people in the West drive more than people elsewhere?”

 “Do people conserve their new cars by driving them less?”

 “Who drives more—people in households with children, or other people?”

 “At what ages do people drive the most?”

 “How does growing income affect the amount of driving?”

In addition to answering those kinds of questions, analysts also use the number of vehicle-miles traveled to compute

estimated, on-road vehicle fuel consumption, economy, and expenditures, all of which have important implications

for U.S. energy policy and national security (see Chapter 4).

The Number of Vehicle-Miles Traveled Continued To Rise

In 1994, U.S. residential vehicles traveled 1,793 billion miles (Figure 3.1), a distance equal to more than 70 million

trips around the world. The amount of travel in 1994 was 282 billion miles more than in 1988. From 1988 through

1994, the average annual growth in the number of miles traveled was 2.9 percent, almost 3 times the rate of growth

in the number of residential vehicles during that period.

An average vehicle, therefore, traveled farther in 1994 than in 1988: 11,400 miles per year compared with 10,200

miles per year (Figure 3.2). Because the number of vehicles per household remained steady at about 1.8 from 1988

through 1994, per-vehicle and per-household mileage grew at about same rate. The per-household average rose from

18,600 miles in 1988 to 21,100 miles in 1994. 

But while the number of miles traveled and the number of residential vehicles increased, the total amount of paved

and unpaved roadway remained at about 3.9 million miles. Most construction was aimed at improving, rather than 12

extending, the existing roadway system, about 40 percent of which was unpaved as of 1994. In 1988, the average mile

of roadway was traveled by residential vehicles 1,066 times per day. In 1994, the number was 1,257, about 18 percent

higher. (Because residential vehicles make up only about four-fifths of the U.S. total fleet, there was, in fact,

substantially more total travel per mile of roadway.) These figures provide some indication of the increase in traffic

congestion over the period.
Figure 3.1 Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Type of Vehicle, 1988, 1991, 

and 1994

1988 1991 1994

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

Total

Figure 3.2 Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household and per Vehicle

 by Survey Year, 1988, 1991, and 1994

18.6 18.9

21.1

10.2 10.6

11.4

1988 1991 1994

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

Per Household

Per Vehicle

16 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

 Sources: 1988—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88)

(Washington, DC, February 1990), Table 12 1991—EIA, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1991, DOE/EIA-0464(91)

(Washington, DC, December 1993), Table 14. 1994—Table 5.7 in this report.

 Sources: 1988—Energy Information Administration, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88) (Washington, DC, February 1990), Tables 14 and 18. 1991—EIA, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1991, DOE/EIA-0464(91)

(Washington, DC, December 1993), Tables 16 and 20. 1994—Tables 5.9 and 5.15 in this report.
Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 17

 

How Are Vehicle-Miles Traveled Measured?

The number of vehicle-miles traveled per year for each vehicle in the Residential Transportation Energy

Consumption Survey was obtained in one of two ways. 

1. Calculations based on odometer readings. For each vehicle in the sample, the survey collected a

beginning-of-year and an end-of-year odometer reading. The number of vehicle-miles traveled annually is equal

to the difference between the two readings, adjusted to reflect a 365-day year. The mileage for vehicles that were

in the household less than a full year was adjusted to reflect the amount of time the vehicle was in the household.

2. Imputations using a regression estimate. For vehicles for which one or both odometer readings were

missing, a regression estimate was used to estimate the annual mileage. As was done for the odometer reading

calculations, the mileage for vehicles that were in the household less than a full year was adjusted to reflect the

amount of time the vehicle was in the household.

The total number of vehicle-miles traveled, representing the number of miles traveled nationally by all residential

vehicles, is equal to the weighted sum of the number of vehicle-miles traveled by each vehicle in the survey

sample. (Each vehicle in the sample represents several thousand vehicles in the national residential fleet.)

Miles Traveled by Light Trucks Increased the Fastest

Largely because light trucks’ share of the residential fleet increased from 1988 to 1994, the number of miles traveled

by light trucks, rather than passenger cars, accounted for most of the increase in residential vehicle-miles traveled.

Light trucks traveled 56 percent more miles in 1994 than they had in 1988, attaining an average growth rate of 7.8

percent per year. By comparison, the number of vehicle-miles traveled by passenger cars did not show a statistically

significant change.

Light trucks’ share of total vehicle-miles traveled rose from one-fourth in 1988 to one-third in 1994. The increase

was the result of two factors. Light trucks comprised a larger share of the residential fleet in 1994. In addition, two

segments of the light truck fleet—minivans and sport utility-vehicles—were driven more miles per year per vehicle

than were passenger cars.

Minivans Were Driven the Most

Minivans, which are owned primarily by families with children, tend to be driven more than other types of vehicles.

In 1994, the average minivan was driven 13,400 miles, substantially more than the number of miles traveled, on

average, by passenger cars, pickup trucks, and large vans. In general, households with children reported a higher

number of vehicle-miles traveled than did other households (see section on “Inside the Average U.S. Household: Who

Drives Most?”).

Similarly, of the two types of passenger cars, station wagons were used more on average than were sedans. The

average station wagon covered 12,100 miles in 1994, compared with 11,200 miles traveled by the average sedan.

Vehicles in the West Were Not Driven More Than in Other Regions

It seems reasonable that people living in the “wide-open spaces” of the West would drive more than people living in

urban areas of the West and in other regions of the country. However, the average number of miles traveled per

vehicle in the West, 10,900 miles, was comparable to the average for the rest of the United States (Figure 3.3). That
18 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

average was slightly lower than the averages in the South and the Midwest, but not statistically different from the

average in the Northeast. The national average was 11,400 miles per vehicle in 1994. 

However, the vehicle-miles-traveled averages may have masked significant variations in State and local areas, such

as the less populous States located in the West. Other Energy Information Administration data sources, most notably,

State-level motor gasoline consumption estimates, suggest wide variability in fuel use per capita. For example, motor

gasoline consumption in the most fuel-intensive State (Wyoming) is more than twice that of consumption in the leastintensive State (New York). However, even in sparsely populated States such as Wyoming, most of the population

lives in urban areas, so that a large part of personal travel could be local. Why then would motor gasoline use per

capita vary so widely? 

There are good reasons why per capita motor gasoline consumption may not be directly correlated with per capita

vehicle-miles traveled. Estimates of total motor gasoline consumption could be greatly influenced by tourists visiting

the State in numbers that are many times the size of the resident population. In addition, some western States with

small populations have major cross-country interstate highways passing through. Vehicles traveling on such highways

consume motor gasoline that is then counted in that State’s consumption. Tourists and through traffic, largely

unassociated with travel by State residents, would have the greatest relative effect on per capita ratios in States with

large geographic areas and small populations. As an example, in 1994 over 7 million people visited Wyoming with

its population of 476 thousand, according to the Wyoming Department of Tourism. In order for tourism to have had

the same relative effect in California, almost everyone in the United States would have had to have visited California

nearly two times in 1994.

New Vehicles Are Driven More than Older Vehicles

Vehicle age is closely correlated with the number of miles traveled: the newer the vehicle, the more miles it is driven,

on average (Figure 3.4). In 1994, the newest vehicles (model years 1994 and 1995 ) were driven 14,300 miles, about 13

1.7 times as much as were the oldest vehicles (model years earlier than 1980, that is, vehicles at least 14 years old in

1994). 

However, the difference between the number of miles traveled by the oldest and newest vehicles became much less

pronounced in 1994 than it had been in 1988. In 1988, the newest vehicles were driven 12,900 miles, more than twice

as much as were the oldest vehicles (those more than 14 years old in 1988). The likely explanation for this trend is

that the oldest vehicles remaining in the residential fleet in 1994 were relatively newer, more fuel efficient, and

probably more reliable than were the oldest vehicles in the 1988 fleet.

Inside the Average U.S. Household:

 Who Drives the Most?

People in the average U.S. household in 1994 drove their vehicles 21,100 miles, far enough to travel from New York

City to San Francisco seven times. That number, however, represents the average of about 85 million U.S.

14

households with vehicles in 1994, and the average masks significant variation. For example, typical householder A,

an older person whose children had left home, drove only 8,600 miles in 1994. That same year, people in typical

household B, which included teenagers of driving age, drove 29,900 miles. And people in household C, which also

included teenagers of driving age and which had an income of $50,000 or more, drove 40,200 miles.

By comparing data on vehicle-miles traveled per household with details about household size, composition, and

income, analysts can correlate the number of miles driven per household with factors such as how many people make

15

up the household, how many children live in the household, and how much money the household earns. The

Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey is the only source of that information.
Figure 3.3 Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Vehicle by Region, 1994

 (Miles in Thousands)

11.6

10.9

11.7

11.3

West

South

Northest

Midwest

Figure 3.4 Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Vehicle by Vehicle Age,

1994

8.6

9.8

10.6

11.3

12.4

13.1

13.7

14.3

Before 1980

1980-1982

1983-1985

1986-1988

1989-1991

1992

1993

1994-1995

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 19

 Source: Table 5.15 in this report.

 Source: Table 5.15 in this report.
Figure 3.5 Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household by Household

Size and Survey Year, 1988 and 1994

One Two Three Four Five or More

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

20 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

Miles Driven Per Household Increased

As explained in the previous section, in 1994, the number of vehicles per household, 1.8, was about the same as it had

been in 1988, so that per-household mileage increased at the same rate as per-vehicle mileage. In 1988, the perhousehold average was 18,595 miles, compared with the 21,100 miles averaged in 1994.

People in households of all sizes drove more in 1994 than in 1988 (Figure 3.5). The difference between miles traveled

in 1988 versus 1994 was dwarfed by the difference between miles traveled in the smallest households versus the

largest. Travel in single-person households averaged 11,600 miles in 1994, about 800 miles more than in 1988. Travel

in the typical household of four averaged 26,600, about 3,300 miles more than in 1988 but 15,000 more than the

smallest households. 

As would be expected, the number of drivers in the household was an even more important influence on the number

of miles traveled than was on the size of the household (Figure 3.6). Having three people in the household raised the

number of vehicle-miles traveled by a factor of 2.2. Having three drivers in the household raised the number by a

factor of 2.7. People in the average household with three drivers covered 33,100 vehicle-miles in 1994. 

Teenagers in the Household Boosted Miles Traveled

In general, people in households with children drive more, and those with driving-age children traveled the most

vehicle-miles of any category in 1994: 29,900 miles (Figure 3.7). First, the presence of children of driving age tends

to increase the number of drivers in the household and, therefore, to increase the number of vehicle-miles traveled.

Secondly, older children may create additional travel demands than do younger children. In households with younger

children, the number of vehicle-miles driven is similar to the number of miles driven in households with two or more

adults with no children and in which the householder is younger than 60. In fact, households with two adults or more

registered the greatest 1988-to-1994 increase in the number of vehicle-miles traveled.

 Sources: 1988—Energy Information Administration, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88)

(Washington, DC, February 1990), Table 7. 1994—Table 5.2 in this report.
Figure 3.6 Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household by

Number of Drivers and Survey Year, 1988 and 1994

One Two Three Four of More

0

10

20

30

40

50

1988

1994

Figure 3.7 Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household by Household

Composition and Survey Year, 1988 and 1994

14.1

23.4

20.3

7.2

12.5

13.8

28.9

21.3

20.6

17.1

26.2

24.4

8.6

12.8

15.6

29.9

24.2

22.4

60 Years or More

35 to 59 Years

Under 35 Years

60 Years or More

35 to 59 Years

Under 35 Years

16 or 17 Years

7 to 15 Years

Under 7 Years

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

1988

1994

Households with children aged

16 or 17 drove the most.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 21

 Sources: 1988—Energy Information Administration, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88)

(Washington, DC, February 1990), Table 7. 1994—Table 5.2 in this report. 

 

 Note: Household composition refers to the number and ages of people in the household.

 Sources: 1988—Energy Information Administration, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988,

 DOE/EIA-0464(88) (Washington, DC, February 1990), Table 14. 1994—Table 5.9 in this report. 
Figure 3.8 Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Vehicle by Age of Primary Driver, 

1994

6.1

7.9

9.3

11.6

12.4

12.2

13.3

12.9

9.6

80 or More

70 to 79

60 to 69

50 to 59

40 to 49

30 to 39

23 to 29

18 to 22

16 to 17 

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

22 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

Older Drivers Cover Fewer Miles

Each residential vehicle has a primary driver. With the exception of 16- and 17-year-olds, primary drivers older than

49 generally drive their vehicles fewer miles than do primary drivers younger than 50 (Figure 3.8). After age 49, the

older the primary driver, the fewer were the vehicle-miles traveled per year in general. As primary drivers, those 80

years and older averaged 6,100 miles per vehicle per year. The 16-year-old to 17-year-old age group averaged 9,600

vehicle-miles per year. Among the four age groups (drivers of age 18 through 49), the differences in number of

vehicle-miles traveled per year were not statistically significant.

 Source: Table 5.15 in this report.

Higher Income Correlates with More Driving

In general, higher income is correlated with more vehicle-miles traveled per household (Figure 3.9). Annual

household income of $50,000 or higher, when coupled with the presence of teenagers of driving age in the household,

boosted average vehicle-miles traveled per household to 40,200 miles in 1994. And in households with that income

and with two or more adults and no children, vehicle-miles traveled averaged nearly 27,400. By comparison, in those

households with annual income below $10,000, vehicle-miles traveled averaged only 13,200.

Household income does not correlate appreciably with the number of vehicle-miles traveled per vehicle. However,

there is a correlation between household income and the number of vehicles per household (Figure 3.10). Highincome households tend to have more vehicles and thus a higher per-household average of vehicle-miles traveled. It

is important to note that, in general, there is a positive correlation between higher household income, older age of head

of household, a greater number of drivers, and an increased likelihood that the household will include children of

driving age—all factors associated with a higher number of vehicle-miles per household. Households that include

children 16 or 17 years old tend to have an older head of household. Older householders tend to have been in the work

force longer, to have a correspondingly higher income, and to have more vehicles. For example, households with

annual incomes of $50,000 or higher have nearly twice as many vehicles as do households with annual incomes below

$10,000. 
Figure 3.9 Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household by Annual 

Household Income, 1994

28.5

27

23.6

21.6

18.4

17.8

14.3

13.2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Figure 3.10 Average Number of Vehicles per Household by Household Income, 

1994

1.3

1.4

1.7 1.7

1.8

2.0

2.3 2.3

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Number of Vehicles

Less 

than

$10,000

$10,000

to 

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

or 

More

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 23

 Source: Tables 5.2 in this report.

 

 Source: Table 5.2 in this report.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 25

What is the Difference Between Fuel Economy and Fuel Efficiency?

Fuel economy is a measure of how many miles a vehicle actually travels using a given amount of fuel. It is

affected by factors such as the size of the engine and the shape and weight of the vehicle. For example, the heavier

the vehicle, the less fuel economic it will be, all other things being equal.

Fuel efficiency, as technically defined, is a straight-forward measure of how efficiently a vehicle engine processes

motor fuel. A large, heavy car might have an engine that is as efficient as the engine in a small, light car, but it

would probably have a lower fuel economy rating. 

Chapter 4. Fuel Economy, Consumption, and

 Expenditures

 

This chapter analyzes trends in fuel economy, fuel consumption, and fuel expenditures, using data unique to the

Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey, as well as selected data from other sources. Analysis topics

include the following:

Following the oil supply and price disruptions caused by the Arab oil embargo of 1973-1974, motor gasoline

price increases, the introduction of corporate average fuel economy standards, and environmental quality

initiatives helped to spur major changes in vehicle technology. But have the many advances in vehicle

technology resulted in measurable gains in the fuel economy of the residential vehicle fleet?

Despite national concerns about dependence on foreign oil and the deleterious effect on the environment of

fossil fuel combustion, residential vehicle fleet fuel consumption was almost 8 billion gallons higher in 1994

than it had been in 1988. What factors led to the increase?

Residential expenditures for energy averaged $2,571 per household per year in 1994. How much of the 16

total was attributed to residential vehicle fuel expenditures? And how did those expenditures compare with

other vehicle-related operating expenses, such as insurance, financing, licensing, and depreciation?

 

Fuel Economy Increased a Small Amount

During the1983-to-1991 period, the overall fuel economy of the residential fleet increased by nearly 28 percent (about

3.5 percent per year), which helped to hold down total consumption. However, for the 1991-to-1994 period, the

overall increase in fuel economy from 19.3 miles per gallon (mpg) to 19.8 mpg was less than 3 percent (less than 1

percent per year). The large increase in the fleet fuel economy in the 1983-to-1991 period was due primarily to two

factors: vehicles manufactured after 1982 had better fuel economy, and large numbers of pre-1983, lower fueleconomy vehicles were taken out of service. Each year, there are fewer pre-1983 vehicles to be replaced by newer

vehicles, thus diminishing the opportunity for further increases in overall fleet fuel economy through replacement of

older, lower fuel-economy vehicles with newer, higher fuel-economy vehicles. 

The average fuel economy for the residential fleet was 19.8 mpg in 1994, an 8-percent increase over 1988, when

household vehicles averaged 18.3 mpg. Average fuel economy would have increased by a greater amount if all

technological improvements had been devoted solely to that purpose rather than to increasing vehicle size and

performance. Passenger cars, averaging 21.9 mpg, had the highest fuel economy. Large vans, averaging 13.8 mpg,

exhibited the worst fuel economy. 
Figure 4.1 Average Fuel Economy of Residential Vehicles for Model Years 

Through 1995

12.2

13.9

19.3

20.3

21.7 21.1 21.5 21.4

20.5

<1977 1977-79 1980-82 1983-85 1986-88 1989-91 1992 1993 1994-95

Model Year

0

5

10

15

20

25

Miles per Gallon

Average fuel economy 

peaked in model years

1986 through 1988.

12.2

26 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

On Average, Newer Residential Vehicles Showed Little Improvement in Fuel Economy

In general, fuel economy varies considerably by age and type of vehicle. However, there was relatively little variation for

model years 1980 and later (Figure 4.1), which represented nearly 90 percent of all household vehicles. If all vehicles of model

years 1979 and earlier were removed from the residential fleet, the overall fuel economy would only increase from 19.8 mpg

to 21.0 mpg. Any major increase in future years must therefore derive not from the retirement of older vehicles but fro m

improvements in technology, and buying patterns of consumers.

 Source: Table 5.3 in this report.

Federal Government Set Lower Fuel Economy Standards for Light Trucks

One of the major factors affecting the average fuel economy is the composition of the vehicle fleet. New passenger cars in

1994 were subject to CAFE standards of 27.5 mpg (unadjusted) and the overall passenge r fleet averaged 21.9 mpg, compared

with 19.7 mpg in 1988 (Figure 4.2). New vehicles not classified as passenger cars—pickup trucks, sport-utility vehicles,

minivans, and large vans, all classified as light-duty trucks— were subject to lower CAFE standards of 20.5 mpg (unadjusted)

and the overall fleet averaged 16.8 mpg in 1994. That average compares with 15.3 mpg in 1988. In 1994, large vans had the

lowest mpg average of any category of light-duty truck and minivans had the highest. In addition to having lower CAF E

standards, those vehicles were also exempt from the “gas guzzler” tax, which may have an effect on encouraging consumers

to switch from larger, less fuel economic passenger cars to vehicles like minivans and sport utility vehicles which are eve n

less fuel economic.

The number of vehicles getting less than 13 miles per gallon decreased rapidly from 1988 to 1994 (Figure 4.3). Residential

vehicles getting 22 or more mpg increased by nearly 38 percent between 1988 and 1994. The number of vehicles in the range

between 13 and 21.9 mpg increased, especially in the 16 to 18.9 miles per gallon category. Those intermediate ranges are

where many new minivans, sport-utility vehicles, pickup trucks, and large vans would fall. 

Household Composition and Income Had Little Effect on Residential Vehicle Fuel Economy

The fuel economy of vehicles in residential households showed little variation by household characteristics. Household s

without children did show an improvement in the fuel economy of their vehicles when the oldest adult was
Figure 4.2 Average Fuel Economy of Residential Vehicles by Type of Vehicle, 

1988 and 1994

19.7

15.3 15.4

19.4

13.1

18.3

21.9

16.3 16.3

19.7

13.8

19.8

Passenger Car Pickup Truck Sport-Utility Minivan Large Van Total

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

Miles per Gallon

1988

1994

Figure 4.3 Number of Residential Vehicles by Fuel Economy,

1988 and 1994

15.7

12.5

24.3 24.2 26

44.1

7

8.9

18.9

26.5

35.2

60.3

10.9 or Less 11 to 12.9 13 to 15.9 16 to 18.9 19 to 21.9 22 or More

Miles per Gallon

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Million Vehicles 

1988

1994

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 27

 Sources: 1988—Energy Information Administration, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88)

(Washington, DC, February 1990), Table 8. 1994—Table 5.3 in this report.

 Sources 1988—Energy Information Administration, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88)

(Washington, DC, February 1990), Table 6 1994—Table 5.1 in this report.
28 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

Approaches to Providing Fuel Economy Information

Survey Methodology Changed From Direct Reporting to Model-Based Estimation

Early cycles of the Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey (RTECS) measured vehicle fuel use

directly, by having households record odometer readings to report vehicle-miles traveled (VMT) while also

keeping a diary of fuel purchases to compute on-road miles per gallon (mpg). In the 1988 and subsequent surveys,

VMT reporting was kept, but diary data collection was discontinued. In its place, vehicle mpg is estimated for

each sample vehicle by first identifying its Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) new car test values, measured

under simulated driving conditions. The test values are adjusted using a three-stage process. The first stage

incorporates EPA’s on-road adjustment factors developed in the early 1980's — a 22-percent reduction to the test

value for highway mpg, and a 10-percent reduction to the test value for city mpg (these reduced values are the

ones shown on new vehicle stickers). Later stages are regression-based adjustments that reflect amount of driving

and climate.

The Model-Based Methodology Has Been Validated Twice

This adjustment process was developed in the mid-1980's. At that time, the adjusted mpg data were compared

with log-based mpg data from the RTECS and were found to be within a few percent of each other for broad

classes of vehicles and households. The closeness of the two methods suggested that the less-expensive adjustment

process was a viable alternative to fuel-purchase logs. 

After that time, vehicle and driving environment characteristics such as engine and fuel-system technology, level

of congestion, ratio of city and open highway travel, and vehicle type and vintage mix drastically changed.

Because of those changes, the validity of the decade-old adjustment process came into question. In 1995, EIA

studied vehicles from a 500-household subsample of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS)

in order to compare fuel-log data with miles-per-gallon estimates used in the survey. The 1995 study allowed

assessment of the effect of these changes on the relationship between log-based and EIA-estimated measures of

fuel economy for the 1994 vehicle stock.

During the months of February and May 1995, each respondent recorded the sample vehicle's odometer reading

and fuel-gauge reading at the beginning and the end of the month. At the time of each fuel purchase for the

sample vehicle during the month, the odometer reading, the amount of fuel purchased, and the fuel gauge reading

after fueling were recorded. That information was used to compute the fuel economy of the sample vehicle in

miles per gallon. There were 492 respondents for this study.

Fuel Logs Continued To Be Comparable to EPA Ratings

A comparison of the results of the two methods showed that for the total vehicle stock, the EPA-based estimates

were slightly higher (by 3 percent) than log-based estimates in 1995. In general, the EPA-adjusted method seemed

to be doing essentially the same job as it had been in 1985. Therefore, there was no compelling reason to return

to log-based data collection in subsequent RTECS. Further research is needed to assess whether any changes are

warranted in the regression model that reflects the individual driving adjustment, and, in fact, it is not clear that

any definitive conclusions could be made about changing the model, due to the relatively small number of cases

in the research study. Any official change in the shortfall adjustment would have to come from EPA; there is no

indication that a change is needed at this time.
Figure 4.4 Average Fuel Economy of Residential Vehicles by Household 

Composition, 1994

18.8

19.5

21.6

19.7

20.5

21.6

19.9

19.5

20

19.9

19.7

19.8

60 Years or More

35 to 59 Years

Under 35 Years

60 Years or More

35 to 59 Years

Under 35 Years

16 or 17 Years

7 to 15 Years

Under 7 Years

Average of Households Without Children

Average of Households With Children

Average of All Households

0 5 10 15 20 25

Miles per Gallon

Figure 4.5 Average Fuel Economy of Residential Vehicles by Annual 

Household Income, 1994

19.8

20.4

20

19.6

19.8

19

19.4

19.3

20.7

19.8

$75,000 or More

$50,000 to $74,999

$35,000 to $49,999

$25,000 to $34,999

$20,000 to $24,999

$15,000 to $19,999

$10,000 to 14,999

$5,000 to $9,999

Less than $5,000

Average

0 5 10 15 20 25

Miles per Gallon

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 29

under 35 years of age, as compared with households in which the oldest adult was 60 years old or more (Figure 4.4).

Household income appears to have had even less effect on the fuel economy of vehicles in the household than did

household composition. Interestingly (although not statistically significant), households with less than $5,000 of

annual income had the most fuel-economic vehicles (Figure 4.5).

 Note: Household composition refers to the number and ages of people in the household.

 Source: Table 5.3 in this report.

 

 Sources: Table 5.3 in this report.
Figure 4.6 Total Residential Vehicle Fuel Consumption, 1983, 1985, 1988, 

1991, and 1994

80.3 83.9 82.4 82.8

90.6

1983 1985 1988 1991 1994

Survey Year

0

20

40

60

80

100

Billion Gallons

30 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

Fuel Consumption Increased in 1994

In 1991, 82.8 billion gallons of motor fuel were consumed by the passenger cars, minivans, sport-utility vehicles,

pickup trucks, and large vans that comprise the residential vehicle fleet (Figure 4.6). That level of consumption was

not significantly different from the 1988 level of 82.4 billion gallons. But in 1994, consumption totaled 90.6 billion

gallons, a 9-percent increase. The nearly 8-billion-gallon increase was roughly the equivalent of motor fuel imports

of half a million barrels per day for a year.

The number of vehicle-miles traveled showed steady growth during the 1991-to-1994 period. One reason that total

consumption rose more rapidly than the number of miles traveled during the period was the slowdown in the increase

in the fuel economy of the residential fleet.

Passenger Cars Consumed the Largest Share of Motor Fuel

Although passenger cars still accounted for most of the motor fuel consumed by residential vehicles, their share of

the total declined from nearly 70 percent in 1988 to 60 percent in 1994 (Figure 4.7). The decrease came as a result

of growing consumer preferences for minivans, pickup trucks, and sport-utility vehicles. In the future, as light trucks

continue to increase as a percentage of the residential fleet, their higher number of vehicle-miles traveled and lower

fuel economies will accelerate the total amount of fuel they consume.

 Sources: 1983—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Consumption Patterns of Household Vehicles 1983, DOE/EIA0464(83) (Washington, DC, January 1985), Table 11. 1985—EIA, Consumption Patterns of Household Vehicles 1985, DOE/EIA0464(85) (Washington, DC, April 1987), Table 8. 1988—EIA, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88)

(Washington, DC, February 1990), Table 6. 1991—EIA, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1991, DOE/EIA-0464(91)

(Washington, DC, December 1993), Table 8. 1994—Table 5.1 in this report.
Figure 4.7 Total Residential Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Type of Vehicle, 

1988 and 1994

57.5

15.9

3.7

1.4

3.5

54.7

19.6

7.4 5.5

2.9

Passenger Car Pickup Truck Sport-Utility Minivan Large Van

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Billion Gallons

1988

1994

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 31

 Sources: —1988 Energy Information Administration, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88)

(Washington, DC, February 1990), Table 6. 1994—Table 5.1 in this report.

 

Passenger Cars Averaged the Least Motor Fuel Consumption per Vehicle

At 514 gallons per year, passenger cars registered the smallest fuel consumption per vehicle of all vehicle types in the

residential fleet (Figure 4.8). That amount was similar to the 526-gallon average reported in 1988. Light-duty

residential trucks (that is, all residential vehicles other than passenger cars) showed an increase in average

consumption from 652 gallons per year in 1988 to 712 gallons per year in 1994. Fuel consumption by pickup trucks,

the most prevalent of light trucks in the residential fleet, increased nearly 11 percent.

The Newest Vehicles Consumed the Most Fuel Because They Were Driven More

The newest vehicles in 1994 (model years 1993 and later) were driven more than 60 percent farther than the oldest

vehicles (model years 1979 and earlier). Nevertheless, the oldest vehicles, because of their lower fuel economies,

consumed nearly as much fuel on average as did the newest vehicles. Motor fuel consumption by vehicles of model

years 1994 and 1995 averaged 697 gallons per year in 1994 (Figure 4.9). By comparison, vehicles of model years

1980 through 1982 consumed an average of 510 gallons per year in 1994. Although, as would be expected, the

number of vehicles older than model year 1980 decreases over time, in 1994 there were still about 20 million of them

in the residential fleet.

Vehicles in the South Consumed the Most Fuel

Average fuel consumption per vehicle did not vary much by region (Figure 4.10). Vehicles in the South consumed

an average of 598 gallons per year. Vehicles in the Midwest and West averaged 580 gallons per year and 568 gallons

per year, respectively. In the Northeast, vehicles consumed 545 gallons per year, the lowest average of the four

regions. 
Figure 4.8 Average Residential Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Type of Vehicle, 

1988 and 1994

526

615

767

653

747

559

514

682

778

682

844

578

Passenger Car Pickup Truck Sport-Utility Minivan Large Van Total

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

Gallons

1988

1994

Figure 4.9 Average Residential Vehicle Fuel Consumption per Vehicle for Model

 Years Through 1995

676 671

510 520 522

590 610

641

697

<1977 1977-79 1980-82 1983-85 1986-88 1989-91 1992 1993 1994-95

Model Year

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Gallons

On average, the newest and 

oldest vehicles consumed 

the most fuel.

Less Fuel

Economic Driven More

32 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

 Sources: —1988 Energy Information Administration, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88)

(Washington, DC, February 1990), Table 8. 1994—Table 5.3 in this report.

 

 Source: Table 5.3 in this report.
Midwest

Northeast

South

West

568

580

545

598

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 33

 Source: Table 5.3 in this report. 

Fuel Expenditures Varied by Household Characteristics

In households reporting owning or having access to at least one vehicle in 1994, residential expenditures for energy

for transportation averaged $1,234. Which households were likely to spend more than the average? And how did

average residential expenditures compare with residential expenditures for energy for all other uses, including space

heating?

Inflation-Adjusted Expenditures for Vehicle Fuel Varied Very Little Over Time

The inflation-adjusted cost of purchasing fuel for residential vehicles remained relatively constant from 1988 through

1994 (Figure 4.11). During that period, the average fuel consumption per vehicle also changed little. The

improvement in fuel economy for the residential vehicle fleet helped to keep expenditures and consumption nearly

unchanged.

 

Household Composition and Income Affected Fuel Expenditures

Household composition influenced motor fuel expenditures and average fuel expenditures per household varied

widely. Households with a single adult aged 60 years old or more spent on average only $498 per year, while

households with children aged 16 or 17 years spent on average $1,727 per year (Figure 4.12).

Fuel expenditures per household also varied by household income. In general, higher-income households had higher

expenditures for vehicle fuel (Figure 4.13). For example, householders with annual incomes of $75,000 or more
Figure 4.11 Average Fuel Expenditures per Residential Vehicle by Survey Year, 

1980, 1983, 1985, 1988, 1991, and 1994

1980 1983 1985 1988 1991 1994

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

Figure 4.12 Average Vehicle Fuel Expenditures per Household, 1994

1,044

1,557

1,304

498

728

843

1,727

1,434

1,296

1,100

1,453

1,234

60 Years or More

35 to 59 Years

Under 35 Years

60 Years or More

35 to 59 Years

Under 35 Years

16 or 17 Years

7 to 15 Years

Under 7 Years

Average of Households Without Children

Average of Households With Children

Average of All Households

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000

34 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

 Sources: Fuel Expenditures: 1983—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Consumption Patterns of Household Vehicles

1983, DOE/EIA-0464(83) (Washington, DC, January 1985), Table 7. 1985—EIA, Consumption Patterns of Household Vehicles

1985, DOE/EIA-0464(85) (Washington, DC, April 1987), Table 8. 1988—EIA, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988,

DOE/EIA-0464(88) (Washington, DC, February 1990), Table 8. 1991—EIA, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1991,

DOE/EIA-0464(91) (Washington, DC, December 1993), Table 10. 1994—Table 5.3 in this report. Implicit Price Deflators :

EIA, Annual Energy Review 1995, DOE/EIA-0384(95) (Washington, DC, July 1996), Table E1.

 

 Source: Table 5.2 in this report.
Figure 4.13 Average Vehicle Fuel Expenditures and Household Energy

Expenditures by Household Income, 1994

1,692

1,528

1,633

1,269

1,079

1,073

854

719

923

1,234

1,827

1,503

1,394

1,328

1,218

1,177

1,105

1,062

1,034

1,337

$75,000 or More

$50,000 to $74,999

$35,000 to $49,999

$25,000 to $34,999

$20,000 to $24,999

$15,000 to $19,999

$10,000 to 14,999

$5,000 to $9,999

Less than $5,000

Average

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500

Vehicle Expenditures

Household Expenditures

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 35

reported expenditures of $1,692 per year, whereas the poorest households (those with incomes of less than $5,000)

reported expenditures of $923. Energy expenditures for residential transportation were close to half of the average

household’s total energy expenditures. Expenditures for non-transportation-related energy needs, such as heating, airconditioning, lighting, and cooking, were $1,337, only slightly higher than the $1,234 spent for vehicle fuel.

 Note: Household energy expenditures exclude household vehicle fuel expenditures.

 Source: Table 5.18 in this report.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 37

1. U.S. Department of Transportation, Summary of Fuel Economy Performance, April 1996, (Washington, DC,

April 1996), p. 4.

2. EIA conducts numerous energy-related surveys. In general, the surveys can be divided into two broad groups:

supply surveys, directed to the suppliers and marketers of specific energy sources, that measure the quantities of

specific fuels produced for and/or supplied to the market; and consumption surveys, which gather information on the

types of energy used by the end users along with the characteristics of those end users that are associated with energy

use. The RTECS belongs to the consumption group because it collects information directly from the end user, the

household. 

Chapter 2

3. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1995, DOE/EIA-0384(95) (Washington, DC, July

1996), Table 1.5.

4. 1988—Federal Highway Administration (FHA), Highway Statistics 1988, FHWA-PL-89-003 (Washington, DC,

September 1989), Table DL-1B. 1994—FHA, Highway Statistics 1994, FHWA-PL-95-042 (Washington, DC,

October 1995), Table DL-1B. 

5. “Chained dollars” is a measure used to express real prices. Real prices are those that have been adjusted to

remove the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they usually reflect buying power relative to a

reference year (in this case, 1992). Prior to 1996, real prices were expressed in constant dollars, a measure based on

the weights of goods and services in a single year, usually a recent year. In 1996, the U.S. Department of Commerce

introduced the chained-dollar measure. The new measure is based on the average weights of goods and services in

successive pairs of years. It is “chained” because the second year in each pair, with its weights, becomes the first

year of the next pair. The advantage of using the chained-dollar measure is that it is more closely related to any given

period covered and is therefore subject to less distortion over time.

6. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1995, DOE/EIA-0384(95) (Washington, DC, July

1996), Table 5.21.

7. Energy Information Administration, Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993, DOE/EIA-0321(93)

(Washington, DC, October 1995), p. 296.

8. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1995, DOE/EIA-0384(95) (Washington, DC, July

1996), Table 5.12b.

9. International Trade Association, “Corporate Average Fuel Economy Explained.” Online.

(http://www.ita.doc.gov/industry/basic/cafe.html) (March 5, 1997). 

10. Environmental Protection Agency, Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends Through 1996,

EPA/AA/TDSG/96-01 (Washington, DC, August 1996), Table 1.

11. Environmental Protection Agency, Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends Through 1996,

EPA/AA/TDSG/96-01 (Washington, DC, August 1996), Table 1.

Text Notes and Sources

Chapter 1
38 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

Chapter 3

12. 1988—Federal Highway Administration (FHA), Highway Statistics 1988, FHWA-PL-98-003 (Washington, DC,

September 1989), Table DL-1B. 1994—FHA, Highway Statistics 1994, FHWA-PL-95-042 (Washington, DC,

October 1995), Table DL-1B.

13. The 1994 residential vehicle fleet included a small number of 1995 model year vehicles.

14. Energy Information Administration calculation based on mileage from New York City to San Francisco of 2,946,

as cited in Rand McNally & Company, Rand McNally Motor Carriers’ Road Atlas 1991, p. 148.

15. The 1993 household data used in this report are collected by the Residential Energy Consumption Survey,

another end-use consumption survey conducted by the Energy Information Administration.

Chapter 4

16. Table 5.18 in this report.
Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 39

Chapter 5. Detailed Tables

The following tables present detailed characteristics of vehicles in the residential sector. Data are from the 1994

Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey. 

Table Organization

The "Detailed Tables" section consists of three types of tables: (1) Tables of totals such as number of vehicle-miles

traveled (VMT) or gallons consumed; (2) tables of per household statistics such as VMT per household; and (3) tables

of per-vehicle statistics, such as vehicle fuel consumption per vehicle. The tables have been grouped together by

specific topics such as model-year data or family-income data to facilitate finding related information. The QuickReference Guide to the detailed tables indicates major topics of each table.

Quick-Reference Guide

Topic Table Number

Summary

Totals 5.1

Per Household 5.2

Per Vehicle 5.3

Vehicle Model Year

Total Vehicles 5.4

Miles per Gallon 5.5

Gallons per Vehicle 5.6

Family Income

Total Miles Traveled 5.7

Total Gallons 5.8

Miles per Household 5.9

Gallons per Household 5.10

Household Composition

Total Vehicles 5.11

Miles per Household 5.12

Miles per Gallon

Per Vehicle 5.13

Vehicle Type

Total Gallons 5.14

Miles per Vehicle 5.15

Total Vehicles 5.16

Number of Households by Vehicle Fuel Expenditures

Number of Households 5.17

Household and Vehicle Energy Expenditures

Dollars per Household 5.18
40 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

Total Vehicle-Miles Traveled in the Northeast Census Region = 299 billion miles

 R (Northeast Census Region) = 5.7

 C (Vehicle-Miles Traveled) = 1.1

 Approximate RSE 

 (Total Vehicle-Miles Traveled in the Northeast Census Region) = (5.7) X (1.1) = 6.27 percent

 

 Approximate Standard Error

 (Total Vehicle-Miles Traveled in the Northeast Census Region) = (5.7) X (1.1) X 299/100

 = 18.75 billion miles

 Approximate 2 Standard Errors

 (95 percent confidence interval) = (1.96) X (18.75) = 36.74 billion miles

Therefore, with approximately 95 percent confidence, the total vehicle-miles traveled in the Northeast Census

Region in 1994 was between 262.26 billion and 335.74 billion miles (299 ± 36.74)

Row and Column Factors

These tables present estimates of characteristics, vehicle fuel consumption, miles driven, and fuel efficiencies for all

vehicles used for personal transportation in the United States. Since the estimates are based on a sample survey, they

are subject to error. To help the reader compute an approximate relative standard error (RSE) for each of the estimates

in the detailed tables, row and column factors are displayed on the top line and in the far-right column of each table.

To calculate the RSE for a specific estimate, multiply the row factor by the column factor.

Using Row and Column Factors to Estimate the Standard Error

RSEs were calculated for all statistics in this publication, although they cannot be presented due to space limitations.

However, the RSEs are presented in a generalized form. The method of presenting generalized RSEs of statistics uses

sets of row and column factors inserted in the top row and right-most column of figures in each table. This method

of presentation allows the readers to calculate an approximate RSE for each statistic. To estimate the RSE of a statistic

RSEAij = Ri X Cj

in the i row and j column of a particular table, the approximation RSEA for the original RSE is given by: Where: th th

i,j i,j

Riis the RSE row factor given at the right-most margin of row i in the tables, and Cj is the RSE column factor given

at the top of column j. 

The following example illustrates this procedure:

Referencing the second row of Table 5.1 labeled "Northeast," and the third column labeled "Vehicle-Miles Traveled

(billion)," yields an estimate of 299 billion miles driven. The RSE row factor is R = 5.7, and the RSEcolumn factor 2

is C = 1.1. The approximate RSE for the estimate is, therefore, 3

 RSEA = 5.7 x 1.1 = 6.27 percent 2,3

The standard error derived from row and column factors can be used to construct confidence intervals and to perform

hypothesis tests by standard statistical methods. However, because the generalized variance procedure gives only
SE(xi

x2) [SE(xi)]

2

[SE(x2)]

2

.

SE(5,900) [670]

2

[869]

2

1,097 miles.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 41

 approximate RSEs, such confidence intervals and statistical tests must also be regarded as only approximate. For the

example above, the RSE determined directly by the half-sample method is actually 3.9 percent, not 6.27 percent.

Determination of the Standard Error of the Difference Between Two Statistics

The procedure used to compute the standard error of the difference between two statistics follows: 

This procedure assumes the two statistics are not correlated. The following example illustrates this procedure.

Households with children drove an average of 24,800 miles per household in 1994. Households without children

drove an average of 18,900 miles, for a difference of 5,900 miles. The RSEs for households with and without children

are 2.7 and 4.6, respectively. The corresponding standard errors are 670 miles and 869 miles, respectively. Therefore,

the standard error for the difference is:

If 1.96 times the standard error is greater than the difference between the statistics, the difference is not statistically

significant at the .05 level of significance (the level used to test significance of inferences in this report). In this

example, 1.96 times the standard error equals 1,494 miles, while the difference is 6,300 miles. Therefore, the conclusion is that, in 1994, there was a significant difference in average mileage driven per household between households

with and without children. 

Table 5.1. U.S. Number of Vehicles, Vehicle-Miles, Motor Fuel Consumption 

 and Expenditures, 1994

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of

Vehicles

Vehicle-Miles

Traveled

Motor Fuel

Consumption

Motor Fuel

Expenditures

RSE

Row

Factor:

(million) (percent) (billion) (percent)

(billion

gallons)

(gallon

percent)

(quadrillion Btu)(billion

dollars) (percent)

0.9 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 156.8 100.0 1,793 100.0 90.6 100.0 11.2 104.7 100.0 2.8

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ........................................... 26.6 17.0 299 16.7 14.5 16.0 1.8 17.2 16.4 5.7

 New England ................................... 7.6 4.8 84 4.7 4.1 4.5 0.5 4.8 4.6 13.8

 Middle Atlantic ................................. 19.0 12.1 215 12.0 10.4 11.4 1.3 12.4 11.8 5.8

 Midwest ............................................. 41.1 26.2 479 26.7 23.8 26.3 2.9 26.5 25.3 4.5

 East North Central ........................... 29.0 18.5 335 18.7 16.7 18.4 2.1 18.5 17.7 5.6

 West North Central .......................... 12.1 7.7 144 8.0 7.2 7.9 0.8 8.0 7.6 8.3

 South ................................................. 56.0 35.7 655 36.6 33.5 36.9 4.2 37.7 36.0 5.0

 South Atlantic .................................. 28.4 18.1 345 19.2 17.1 18.8 2.1 19.2 18.3 5.7

 East South Central .......................... 11.1 7.1 121 6.7 6.3 7.0 0.8 7.2 6.9 6.0

 West South Central ......................... 16.4 10.5 190 10.6 10.1 11.1 1.2 11.3 10.8 14.8

 West .................................................. 33.1 21.1 360 20.1 18.8 20.7 2.4 23.4 22.3 6.7

 Mountain ......................................... 9.8 6.2 105 5.8 5.9 6.5 0.7 7.2 6.9 12.0

 Pacific .............................................. 23.3 14.9 255 14.2 12.9 14.3 1.6 16.2 15.4 8.2

Largest Populated States

 California ............................................ 17.0 10.8 188 10.5 9.5 10.5 1.2 11.9 11.4 10.2

 Florida ................................................ 8.8 5.6 104 5.8 5.1 5.6 0.6 5.8 5.6 5.3

 New York ............................................ 7.8 5.0 89 5.0 4.3 4.7 0.5 5.0 4.8 9.2

 Texas ................................................. 11.0 7.0 124 6.9 6.6 7.3 0.8 7.3 7.0 16.6

Urban Status

 Urban ................................................ 119.4 76.2 1,360 75.9 67.5 74.5 8.4 78.6 75.0 2.7

 Central City ..................................... 40.1 25.6 434 24.2 21.4 23.6 2.7 25.1 24.0 8.8

 Suburban ......................................... 79.3 50.6 927 51.7 46.1 50.9 5.8 53.4 51.0 4.5

 Rural .................................................. 37.4 23.8 433 24.1 23.1 25.5 2.8 26.1 25.0 5.1

Household Size

 1 Person ............................................ 19.5 12.5 197 11.0 9.6 10.6 1.2 11.1 10.6 6.4

 2 Persons .......................................... 55.4 35.3 602 33.6 30.6 33.8 3.8 35.3 33.7 4.2

 3 Persons .......................................... 31.7 20.2 379 21.1 18.9 20.9 2.4 21.9 20.9 6.7

 4 Persons .......................................... 29.5 18.8 355 19.8 18.1 20.0 2.2 21.0 20.0 6.7

 5 Persons .......................................... 14.4 9.2 176 9.8 9.1 10.0 1.1 10.5 10.0 12.2

 6 or More Persons ............................. 6.3 4.0 84 4.7 4.2 4.7 0.5 5.0 4.7 18.2

Household Composition

 Households with Children ................. 64.6 41.2 796 44.4 40.4 44.6 5.0 46.7 44.6 4.5

 Age of Oldest Child

 Under 7 Years ............................... 17.1 10.9 206 11.5 10.3 11.4 1.3 12.0 11.4 10.1

 7 to 15 Years ................................. 32.3 20.6 399 22.2 20.5 22.6 2.5 23.7 22.6 6.3

 16 or 17 Years ............................... 15.2 9.7 191 10.7 9.6 10.6 1.2 11.1 10.6 10.8

 Households Without Children ............ 92.2 58.8 997 55.6 50.2 55.4 6.2 58.0 55.4 3.4

 One Adult ........................................ 19.5 12.5 197 11.0 9.6 10.6 1.2 11.1 10.6 6.4

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 4.1 2.6 53 2.9 2.4 2.7 0.3 2.9 2.7 15.7

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 7.6 4.8 85 4.7 4.1 4.6 0.5 4.8 4.6 11.1

 60 Years or More ........................ 7.9 5.0 60 3.3 3.0 3.4 0.4 3.5 3.3 9.4

 Two or More Adults ......................... 72.6 46.3 800 44.6 40.6 44.8 5.0 46.9 44.8 3.9

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 13.8 8.8 174 9.7 8.1 8.9 1.0 9.3 8.9 12.6

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 33.9 21.6 393 21.9 20.2 22.3 2.5 23.3 22.3 6.9

 60 Years or More ........................ 24.9 15.9 232 13.0 12.4 13.6 1.5 14.2 13.6 7.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 43
Table 5.1. U.S. Number of Vehicles, Vehicle-Miles, Motor Fuel Consumption 

 and Expenditures, 1994 (Continued)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of

Vehicles

Vehicle-Miles

Traveled

Motor Fuel

Consumption

Motor Fuel

Expenditures

RSE

Row

Factor:

(million) (percent) (billion) (percent)

(billion

gallons)

(gallon

percent)

(quadrillion Btu)(billion

dollars) (percent)

0.9 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0

Race of Householder

 White ................................................. 138.6 88.4 1,592 88.8 80.5 88.9 10.0 92.9 88.7 2.4

 Black ................................................. 11.2 7.1 125 7.0 6.3 7.0 0.8 7.3 7.0 13.1

 Other ................................................. 7.0 4.5 77 4.3 3.7 4.1 0.5 4.5 4.3 20.1

Hispanic Descent

 Yes .................................................... 10.7 6.8 122 6.8 6.2 6.8 0.8 7.3 7.0 14.4

 No ...................................................... 146.1 93.2 1,671 93.2 84.4 93.2 10.4 97.4 93.0 2.9

1993 Family Income

 Less than $5,000 ............................... 3.1 1.9 35 2.0 1.7 1.9 0.2 2.0 1.9 21.9

 $5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 7.8 5.0 77 4.3 4.0 4.4 0.5 4.6 4.3 14.8

 $10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 12.5 8.0 128 7.1 6.6 7.3 0.8 7.6 7.3 9.9

 $15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 14.2 9.1 152 8.5 8.0 8.8 1.0 9.1 8.7 10.1

 $20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 14.4 9.2 158 8.8 8.0 8.9 1.0 9.3 8.9 9.3

 $25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 24.1 15.4 287 16.0 14.7 16.2 1.8 16.9 16.2 6.4

 $35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 33.6 21.4 390 21.7 19.5 21.5 2.4 22.6 21.5 6.2

 $50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 28.0 17.9 331 18.5 16.2 17.9 2.0 18.7 17.9 7.0

 $75,000 or More ................................ 19.1 12.2 234 13.1 11.9 13.1 1.5 13.9 13.3 9.7

Below Poverty Line

 100 Percent ....................................... 12.4 7.9 133 7.4 6.9 7.6 0.9 8.0 7.7 11.2

 125 Percent ....................................... 18.2 11.6 199 11.1 10.3 11.4 1.3 11.9 11.4 10.4

 150 Percent ....................................... 25.7 16.4 285 15.9 14.7 16.3 1.8 17.0 16.3 9.8

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 31.8 20.3 347 19.4 17.9 19.7 2.2 20.7 19.7 8.6

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 ........................................................ 32.4 20.6 334 18.6 16.5 18.2 2.0 19.2 18.3 5.4

 2 ........................................................ 91.6 58.5 1,061 59.2 54.3 59.9 6.7 62.8 59.9 3.3

 3 ........................................................ 22.2 14.2 267 14.9 13.4 14.8 1.7 15.5 14.8 9.3

 4 or More ........................................... 9.7 6.2 124 6.9 6.0 6.6 0.7 6.9 6.6 14.0

Age of Primary Driver

 16 to 17 Years ................................... 1.1 0.7 11 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.5 32.4

 18 to 22 Years ................................... 4.4 2.8 56 3.1 2.5 2.8 0.3 2.9 2.8 14.7

 23 to 29 Years ................................... 8.4 5.3 111 6.2 5.1 5.6 0.6 5.9 5.6 9.8

 30 to 39 Years ................................... 22.6 14.4 276 15.4 14.0 15.4 1.7 16.3 15.5 6.0

 40 to 49 Years ................................... 22.3 14.2 276 15.4 14.0 15.5 1.7 16.3 15.6 5.9

 50 to 59 Years ................................... 14.9 9.5 174 9.7 9.0 10.0 1.1 10.5 10.0 7.9

 60 to 69 Years ................................... 10.6 6.8 99 5.5 5.3 5.8 0.7 6.2 5.9 9.5

 70 to 79 Years ................................... 8.6 5.5 68 3.8 3.7 4.1 0.4 4.2 4.1 9.7

 80 Years and Over ............................ 2.6 1.6 16 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.1 1.0 1.0 18.5

 Don’t Know ........................................ 61.3 39.1 707 39.4 35.6 39.3 4.4 40.9 39.0 7.3

Sex of Primary Driver

 Female .............................................. 43.4 27.7 506 28.2 23.5 26.0 2.9 27.3 26.1 2.8

 Male .................................................. 52.2 33.3 581 32.4 31.5 34.7 3.9 36.5 34.9 3.1

 Don’t Know ........................................ 61.2 39.0 706 39.4 35.6 39.3 4.4 40.9 39.0 7.2

See footnotes at end of table.

44 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.1. U.S. Number of Vehicles, Vehicle-Miles, Motor Fuel Consumption 

 and Expenditures, 1994 (Continued)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of

Vehicles

Vehicle-Miles

Traveled

Motor Fuel

Consumption

Motor Fuel

Expenditures

RSE

Row

Factor:

(million) (percent) (billion) (percent)

(billion

gallons)

(gallon

percent)

(quadrillion Btu)(billion

dollars) (percent)

0.9 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .............................. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q NF

 Only 1 ................................................ 28.6 18.2 306 17.1 14.8 16.4 1.8 17.3 16.5 6.0

 Between 1 and 2 ............................... 8.4 5.4 107 6.0 5.4 6.0 0.7 6.3 6.0 13.6

 Only 2 ................................................ 56.9 36.3 659 36.7 32.9 36.4 4.1 38.1 36.4 4.5

 Between 2 and 3 ............................... 13.5 8.6 163 9.1 8.5 9.4 1.1 9.8 9.4 8.7

 Only 3 ................................................ 25.2 16.1 274 15.3 14.5 16.0 1.8 16.8 16.0 7.9

 Between 3 and 4 ............................... 7.9 5.1 100 5.6 4.9 5.5 0.6 5.6 5.4 14.8

 4 or More ........................................... 14.8 9.5 169 9.4 8.7 9.6 1.1 10.1 9.6 12.5

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year 

 1994 to 1995 ..................................... 7.2 4.6 103 5.7 5.0 5.5 0.6 5.8 5.5 9.8

 1993 .................................................. 10.4 6.6 142 7.9 6.6 7.3 0.8 7.7 7.4 7.3

 1992 .................................................. 11.4 7.3 149 8.3 6.9 7.7 0.9 8.0 7.7 7.1

 1989 to 1991 ..................................... 35.0 22.3 436 24.3 20.7 22.8 2.6 23.9 22.8 4.1

 1986 to 1988 ..................................... 36.3 23.1 411 22.9 19.0 20.9 2.4 22.0 21.0 5.0

 1983 to 1985 ..................................... 25.6 16.3 270 15.1 13.3 14.7 1.7 15.3 14.6 6.5

 1980 to 1982 ..................................... 10.9 7.0 107 6.0 5.6 6.1 0.7 6.4 6.1 10.5

 1977 to 1979 ..................................... 9.5 6.0 88 4.9 6.3 7.0 0.8 7.3 7.0 12.9

 1976 or Earlier ................................... 10.6 6.8 87 4.9 7.2 7.9 0.9 8.2 7.8 13.9

Type of Vehicle

 Passenger Car .................................. 106.4 67.9 1,200 66.9 54.7 60.4 6.8 63.3 60.4 2.5

 Minivan .............................................. 8.1 5.2 108 6.0 5.5 6.1 0.7 6.3 6.0 8.5

 Sport Utility ........................................ 9.5 6.1 121 6.7 7.4 8.2 0.9 8.7 8.3 8.9

 Large Van .......................................... 3.4 2.2 40 2.2 2.9 3.2 0.4 3.3 3.1 14.9

 Pickup Truck ..................................... 28.8 18.4 320 17.8 19.6 21.7 2.4 22.6 21.6 5.4

 Other ................................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q NF

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

 10.9 or Less ...................................... 7.0 4.5 39 2.2 4.1 4.6 0.5 4.7 4.5 13.0

 11 to 12.9 .......................................... 8.9 5.7 79 4.4 6.5 7.2 0.8 7.6 7.3 12.0

 13 to 15.9 .......................................... 18.9 12.0 183 10.2 12.6 13.9 1.6 14.5 13.9 7.2

 16 to 18.9 .......................................... 26.5 16.9 278 15.5 15.9 17.5 2.0 18.4 17.6 6.0

 19 to 21.9 .......................................... 35.2 22.4 423 23.6 20.8 22.9 2.6 24.2 23.1 5.1

 22 to 24.9 .......................................... 28.2 18.0 361 20.1 15.5 17.1 1.9 17.8 17.0 6.1

 25 to 29.9 .......................................... 24.9 15.9 324 18.1 12.0 13.3 1.5 13.8 13.2 5.2

 30 or More ......................................... 7.2 4.6 105 5.9 3.2 3.5 0.4 3.6 3.5 13.5

Engine Size (liters)

 2.49 or Less ...................................... 59.8 38.2 699 39.0 27.4 30.3 3.4 31.7 30.2 3.9

 2.50 to 3.49 ....................................... 30.1 19.2 364 20.3 17.5 19.3 2.2 20.3 19.4 4.6

 3.50 to 4.49 ....................................... 24.0 15.3 283 15.8 15.1 16.6 1.9 17.3 16.5 6.5

 4.50 or Greater .................................. 42.8 27.3 448 25.0 30.6 33.8 3.8 35.5 33.9 4.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 45
Table 5.1. U.S. Number of Vehicles, Vehicle-Miles, Motor Fuel Consumption 

 and Expenditures, 1994 (Continued)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of

Vehicles

Vehicle-Miles

Traveled

Motor Fuel

Consumption

Motor Fuel

Expenditures

RSE

Row

Factor:

(million) (percent) (billion) (percent)

(billion

gallons)

(gallon

percent)

(quadrillion Btu)(billion

dollars) (percent)

0.9 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0

Number of Cylinders

 4 ........................................................ 61.5 39.2 713 39.8 28.3 31.2 3.5 32.6 31.2 3.5

 6 ........................................................ 52.3 33.4 631 35.2 32.3 35.7 4.0 37.4 35.7 3.5

 8 ........................................................ 41.6 26.6 435 24.3 29.4 32.5 3.6 34.1 32.5 4.8

 Other ................................................. 1.3 0.8 14 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.6 25.8

Type of Transmission

 Automatic .......................................... 117.5 75.0 1,337 74.6 69.8 77.1 8.6 80.6 77.0 2.2

 Manual Shift ...................................... 39.3 25.0 456 25.4 20.7 22.9 2.6 24.1 23.0 5.6

Type of Drive

 Front-Wheel ...................................... 74.9 47.8 891 49.7 38.1 42.1 4.7 44.0 42.0 3.0

 Rear-Wheel ....................................... 64.3 41.0 693 38.6 39.7 43.9 4.9 45.8 43.7 4.0

 4-Wheel ............................................. 17.6 11.2 209 11.7 12.7 14.0 1.6 14.9 14.2 7.4

Type of Fuel System

 Carburetor ......................................... 76.4 48.7 802 44.7 43.9 48.4 5.4 50.6 48.3 3.9

 Fuel Injection ..................................... 78.2 49.9 966 53.9 45.3 50.0 5.6 52.4 50.0 2.9

 Diesel Engine .................................... 2.2 1.4 25 1.4 1.4 1.6 0.2 1.8 1.7 19.7

Type of Fuel Purchased

 Motor Gasoline .................................. 153.4 97.9 1,752 97.7 88.3 97.5 11.0 102.0 97.4 2.8

 Unleaded ......................................... 151.5 96.7 1,736 96.8 87.0 96.1 10.9 100.6 96.0 2.8

 Regular Grade ............................... 104.2 66.4 1,199 66.9 59.9 66.1 7.5 66.3 63.3 2.5

 Intermediate Grade ....................... 20.6 13.2 238 13.3 11.7 12.9 1.5 14.2 13.6 6.5

 Premium Grade ............................. 26.7 17.1 299 16.6 15.4 17.0 1.9 20.0 19.1 6.4

 Leaded ............................................ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q NF

 Gasohol ............................................. 1.4 0.9 17 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 26.6

 Diesel Fuel ........................................ 1.8 1.1 22 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.2 1.5 1.4 22.1

Type of Primary Service

 Full-Service Pumps ........................... 13.8 8.8 137 7.6 6.8 7.5 0.8 8.0 7.7 16.1

 Self or Mini-Service Pumps ............... 139.8 89.2 1,624 90.5 82.0 90.5 10.2 94.6 90.3 2.2

 Both Equally ...................................... 2.9 1.8 30 1.6 1.6 1.7 0.2 1.9 1.8 28.2

 Bulk Sales/Other ............................... Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q NF

Vehicle Used for Commuting

to and from Work

 Yes .................................................... 95.3 60.8 1,175 65.5 58.2 64.2 7.2 67.3 64.2 2.6

 No ...................................................... 61.5 39.2 618 34.5 32.4 35.8 4.0 37.5 35.8 4.1

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the

Relative Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to

totals. • Data in this table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

and Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

46 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.2. U.S. per Household Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Vehicle Fuel Consumption 

 and Expenditures, 1994

1993 Household

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of

Households

(million)

Average per Household

RSE

Row

Factor:

Number of

Vehicles

Vehicle-Miles

Traveled

(thousands)

Consumption

(gallons)

Expenditures

(dollars)

1.5 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.0

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 84.9 1.8 21.1 1,067 1,234 1.8

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ........................................... 14.7 1.8 20.3 982 1,166 3.8

 New England ................................... 4.1 1.9 20.5 1,006 1,180 5.7

 Middle Atlantic ................................. 10.7 1.8 20.2 973 1,161 4.3

 Midwest ............................................. 21.6 1.9 22.2 1,104 1,226 3.5

 East North Central ........................... 15.1 1.9 22.2 1,102 1,225 4.6

 West North Central .......................... 6.5 1.9 22.2 1,110 1,229 5.1

 South ................................................. 30.2 1.9 21.7 1,109 1,249 2.8

 South Atlantic .................................. 15.4 1.8 22.4 1,111 1,250 3.9

 East South Central .......................... 5.4 2.0 22.2 1,167 1,323 5.4

 West South Central ......................... 9.4 1.8 20.3 1,073 1,204 5.4

 West .................................................. 18.4 1.8 19.6 1,023 1,271 4.6

 Mountain ......................................... 5.4 1.8 19.6 1,093 1,344 8.5

 Pacific .............................................. 13.0 1.8 19.6 994 1,241 5.2

Largest Populated States

 California ............................................ 9.5 1.8 19.8 1,000 1,254 6.1

 Florida ................................................ 4.9 1.8 20.9 1,030 1,175 6.6

 New York ............................................ 4.7 1.6 18.7 898 1,062 7.5

 Texas ................................................. 6.1 1.8 20.3 1,076 1,203 4.9

Urban Status

 Urban ................................................ 65.6 1.8 20.7 1,029 1,198 2.2

 Central City ..................................... 24.1 1.7 18.0 888 1,042 4.2

 Suburban ......................................... 41.5 1.9 22.3 1,111 1,289 2.6

 Rural .................................................. 19.3 1.9 22.5 1,196 1,355 3.2

Household Size

 1 Person ............................................ 17.0 1.2 11.6 566 657 4.6

 2 Persons .......................................... 30.1 1.8 20.0 1,016 1,171 2.6

 3 Persons .......................................... 15.0 2.1 25.2 1,257 1,455 3.5

 4 Persons .......................................... 13.3 2.2 26.6 1,357 1,570 4.0

 5 Persons .......................................... 6.7 2.2 26.3 1,359 1,571 5.6

 6 or More Persons ............................. 2.7 2.3 30.9 1,566 1,829 11.9

Household Composition

 Households with Children ................. 32.1 2.0 24.8 1,257 1,453 2.7

 Age of Oldest Child

 Under 7 Years ............................... 9.2 1.8 22.4 1,119 1,296 5.7

 7 to 15 Years ................................. 16.5 2.0 24.2 1,240 1,434 3.3

 16 or 17 Years ............................... 6.4 2.4 29.9 1,500 1,727 5.3

 Households Without Children ............ 52.7 1.7 18.9 951 1,100 2.3

 One Adult ........................................ 17.0 1.2 11.6 566 657 4.6

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 3.4 1.2 15.6 720 843 12.4

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 6.6 1.1 12.8 627 728 6.5

 60 Years or More ........................ 7.0 1.1 8.6 435 498 6.0

 Two or More Adults ......................... 35.8 2.0 22.4 1,134 1,311 2.6

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 7.2 1.9 24.4 1,126 1,304 6.4

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 15.0 2.3 26.2 1,344 1,557 4.0

 60 Years or More ........................ 13.6 1.8 17.1 907 1,044 4.6

Race of Householder

 White ................................................. 73.3 1.9 21.7 1,099 1,267 1.8

 Black ................................................. 7.3 1.5 17.1 865 1,005 7.4

 Other ................................................. 4.3 1.6 17.8 867 1,053 10.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 47
Table 5.2. U.S. per Household Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Vehicle Fuel Consumption 

 and Expenditures, 1994 (Continued)

1993 Household

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of

Households

(million)

Average per Household

RSE

Row

Factor:

Number of

Vehicles

Vehicle-Miles

Traveled

(thousands)

Consumption

(gallons)

Expenditures

(dollars)

1.5 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.0

Hispanic Descent

 Yes .................................................... 6.3 1.7 19.5 990 1,174 8.2

 No ..................................................... 78.6 1.9 21.3 1,073 1,238 1.9

1993 Family Income

 Less than $5,000 ............................... 2.2 1.4 16.1 781 923 17.4

 $5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 6.3 1.2 12.2 631 719 9.6

 $10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 8.9 1.4 14.3 739 854 6.0

 $15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 8.5 1.7 17.8 937 1,073 6.9

 $20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 8.6 1.7 18.4 931 1,079 6.6

 $25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 13.3 1.8 21.6 1,102 1,269 4.2

 $35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 16.5 2.0 23.6 1,182 1,366 3.7

 $50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 12.3 2.3 27.0 1,325 1,528 4.7

 $75,000 or More ................................ 8.2 2.3 28.5 1,443 1,692 5.2

Below Poverty Line

 100 Percent ....................................... 9.0 1.4 14.7 769 890 7.3

 125 Percent ....................................... 13.0 1.4 15.3 795 918 6.7

 150 Percent ....................................... 17.4 1.5 16.4 846 979 6.0

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 21.6 1.5 16.1 828 957 5.1

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 ........................................................ 27.3 1.2 12.3 606 703 3.6

 2 ........................................................ 45.7 2.0 23.2 1,187 1,373 2.1

 3 ........................................................ 8.0 2.8 33.1 1,667 1,921 4.6

 4 or More ........................................... 2.9 3.4 43.0 2,071 2,387 7.4

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .............................. 2.4 0.5 5.9 281 324 32.8

 only 1 ................................................. 28.6 1.0 10.7 518 605 3.7

 Between 1 and 2 ............................... 5.5 1.5 19.5 990 1,142 5.3

 Only 2 ................................................ 28.4 2.0 23.2 1,158 1,341 2.4

 Between 2 and 3 ............................... 5.6 2.4 29.1 1,522 1,749 3.8

 Only 3 ................................................ 8.4 3.0 32.6 1,726 1,991 3.9

 Between 3 and 4 ............................... 2.3 3.5 44.3 2,183 2,481 6.9

 4 or More ........................................... 3.4 4.4 50.0 2,571 2,972 4.6

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the

Relative Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to

totals. • Data in this table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

and Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

48 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.3. U.S. per Vehicle Miles Traveled, Vehicle Fuel Consumption and

 Expenditures, 1994

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number

of

Vehicles

(million)

Average per Vehicle

Miles per

Gallon

RSE

Row

Factor:

Vehicle-Miles

Traveled

(thousands)

Consumption

(gallons)

Expenditures

(dollars)

1.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 156.8 11.4 578 668 19.8 1.4

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ........................................... 26.6 11.3 545 647 20.7 2.3

 New England ................................... 7.6 11.1 542 637 20.4 3.9

 Middle Atlantic ................................. 19.0 11.3 545 651 20.8 2.7

 Midwest ............................................. 41.1 11.6 580 644 20.1 2.3

 East North Central ........................... 29.0 11.6 574 639 20.1 2.8

 West North Central .......................... 12.1 11.8 592 656 20.0 3.4

 South ................................................. 56.0 11.7 598 673 19.6 2.5

 South Atlantic .................................. 28.4 12.1 601 676 20.2 2.7

 East South Central .......................... 11.1 10.9 571 647 19.0 5.7

 West South Central ......................... 16.4 11.6 612 686 18.9 5.6

 West .................................................. 33.1 10.9 568 706 19.1 4.0

 Mountain ......................................... 9.8 10.7 599 736 17.9 6.5

 Pacific .............................................. 23.3 10.9 555 693 19.7 4.7

Largest Populated States

 California ............................................ 17.0 11.1 559 702 19.8 5.5

 Florida ................................................ 8.8 11.8 580 662 20.3 1.9

 New York ............................................ 7.8 11.4 545 645 20.9 4.6

 Texas ................................................. 11.0 11.3 598 669 18.8 6.8

Urban Status

 Urban ................................................ 119.4 11.4 565 658 20.1 1.7

 Central City ..................................... 40.1 10.8 535 628 20.2 3.4

 Suburban ......................................... 79.3 11.7 581 674 20.1 1.9

 Rural .................................................. 37.4 11.6 617 699 18.8 2.3

Household Size

 1 Person ............................................ 19.5 10.1 492 571 20.5 3.9

 2 Persons .......................................... 55.4 10.9 553 637 19.7 2.3

 3 Persons .......................................... 31.7 11.9 596 689 20.1 3.0

 4 Persons .......................................... 29.5 12.0 615 711 19.6 3.6

 5 Persons .......................................... 14.4 12.2 630 729 19.4 5.0

 6 or More Persons ............................. 6.3 13.3 673 786 19.7 7.4

Household Composition

 Households with Children ................. 64.6 12.3 625 722 19.7 2.2

 Age of Oldest Child

 Under 7 Years ............................... 17.1 12.1 606 702 20.0 4.8

 7 to 15 Years ................................. 32.3 12.3 633 732 19.5 3.1

 16 or 17 Years ............................... 15.2 12.5 630 725 19.9 4.4

 Households Without Children ............ 92.2 10.8 545 630 19.9 2.0

 One Adult ........................................ 19.5 10.1 492 571 20.5 3.9

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 4.1 13.0 601 703 21.6 8.6

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 7.6 11.2 547 636 20.5 5.8

 60 Years or More ........................ 7.9 7.6 384 441 19.7 5.7

 Two or More Adults ......................... 72.6 11.0 559 645 19.7 2.2

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 13.8 12.7 585 678 21.6 5.7

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 33.9 11.6 594 688 19.5 3.3

 60 Years or More ........................ 24.9 9.3 495 570 18.8 3.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 49
Table 5.3. U.S. per Vehicle Miles Traveled, Vehicle Fuel Consumption and

 Expenditures, 1994 (Continued)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number

of

Vehicles

(million)

Average per Vehicle

Miles per

Gallon

RSE

Row

Factor:

Vehicle-Miles

Traveled

(thousands)

Consumption

(gallons)

Expenditures

(dollars)

1.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5

Race of Householder

 White ................................................. 138.6 11.5 581 670 19.8 1.4

 Black ................................................. 11.2 11.2 564 655 19.8 5.5

 Other ................................................. 7.0 10.9 531 645 20.5 7.6

Hispanic Descent

 Yes .................................................... 10.7 11.4 579 687 19.7 6.2

 No ...................................................... 146.1 11.4 578 667 19.8 1.4

1993 Family Income

 Less than $5,000 ............................... 3.1 11.5 558 659 20.7 10.4

 $5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 7.8 9.9 510 581 19.3 9.7

 $10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 12.5 10.2 529 611 19.4 4.8

 $15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 14.2 10.7 562 644 19.0 4.7

 $20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 14.4 11.0 558 647 19.8 5.1

 $25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 24.1 11.9 610 703 19.6 3.7

 $35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 33.6 11.6 580 671 20.0 2.7

 $50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 28.0 11.8 579 668 20.4 3.0

 $75,000 or More ................................ 19.1 12.3 620 727 19.8 4.2

Below Poverty Line

 100 Percent ....................................... 12.4 10.7 558 647 19.2 6.8

 125 Percent ....................................... 18.2 10.9 568 655 19.2 5.4

 150 Percent ....................................... 25.7 11.1 574 664 19.3 5.0

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 31.8 10.9 562 651 19.4 4.2

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 ........................................................ 32.4 10.3 511 593 20.2 3.0

 2 ........................................................ 91.6 11.6 592 685 19.6 1.8

 3 ........................................................ 22.2 12.0 604 696 19.9 4.3

 4 or More ........................................... 9.7 12.8 615 709 20.8 5.7

Age of Primary Driver

 16 to 17 Years ................................... 1.1 9.6 453 510 21.2 15.8

 18 to 22 Years ................................... 4.4 12.9 581 664 22.1 7.4

 23 to 29 Years ................................... 8.4 13.3 605 704 22.0 4.3

 30 to 39 Years ................................... 22.6 12.2 618 719 19.7 3.0

 40 to 49 Years ................................... 22.3 12.4 629 732 19.7 2.9

 50 to 59 Years ................................... 14.9 11.6 605 703 19.2 3.8

 60 to 69 Years ................................... 10.6 9.3 498 580 18.7 4.4

 70 to 79 Years ................................... 8.6 7.9 427 493 18.5 4.8

 80 Years and Over ............................ 2.6 6.1 345 395 17.7 12.1

 Don’t Know ........................................ 61.3 11.5 580 667 19.9 4.1

Sex of Primary Driver

 Female .............................................. 43.4 11.7 542 629 21.5 1.8

 Male .................................................. 52.2 11.1 603 700 18.5 2.0

 Don’t Know ........................................ 61.2 11.5 581 668 19.9 4.1

See footnotes at end of table.

50 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.3. U.S. per Vehicle Miles Traveled, Vehicle Fuel Consumption and

 Expenditures, 1994 (Continued)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number

of

Vehicles

(million)

Average per Vehicle

Miles per

Gallon

RSE

Row

Factor:

Vehicle-Miles

Traveled

(thousands)

Consumption

(gallons)

Expenditures

(dollars)

1.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .............................. Q Q Q Q Q NF

 Only 1 ................................................ 28.6 10.7 518 605 20.7 3.2

 Between 1 and 2 ............................... 8.4 12.6 642 740 19.7 5.3

 Only 2 ................................................ 56.9 11.6 579 670 20.0 2.3

 Between 2 and 3 ............................... 13.5 12.0 630 724 19.1 4.1

 Only 3 ................................................ 25.2 10.9 576 664 18.9 4.0

 Between 3 and 4 ............................... 7.9 12.7 623 708 20.3 7.1

 4 or More ........................................... 14.8 11.4 588 679 19.5 4.6

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year 

 1994 to 1995 ..................................... 7.2 14.3 697 809 20.5 4.4

 1993 .................................................. 10.4 13.7 641 746 21.4 3.8

 1992 .................................................. 11.4 13.1 610 706 21.5 3.6

 1989 to 1991 ..................................... 35.0 12.4 590 682 21.1 2.4

 1986 to 1988 ..................................... 36.3 11.3 522 606 21.7 2.7

 1983 to 1985 ..................................... 25.6 10.6 520 598 20.3 3.6

 1980 to 1982 ..................................... 10.9 9.8 510 588 19.3 6.3

 1977 to 1979 ..................................... 9.5 9.3 671 773 13.9 8.0

 1976 or Earlier ................................... 10.6 8.2 676 776 12.2 8.1

Type of Vehicle

 Passenger Car .................................. 106.4 11.3 514 595 21.9 1.5

 Minivan .............................................. 8.1 13.4 682 782 19.7 3.5

 Sport Utility ........................................ 9.5 12.7 778 911 16.3 4.3

 Large Van .......................................... 3.4 11.7 844 966 13.8 9.3

 Pickup Truck ..................................... 28.8 11.1 682 786 16.3 2.9

 Other ................................................. Q Q Q Q Q NF

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

 10.9 or Less ...................................... 7.0 5.6 586 675 9.5 7.5

 11 to 12.9 .......................................... 8.9 8.8 733 856 12.0 8.0

 13 to 15.9 .......................................... 18.9 9.7 666 770 14.6 4.2

 16 to 18.9 .......................................... 26.5 10.5 599 694 17.5 3.2

 19 to 21.9 .......................................... 35.2 12.0 590 688 20.4 2.6

 22 to 24.9 .......................................... 28.2 12.8 550 630 23.3 2.4

 25 to 29.9 .......................................... 24.9 13.0 483 554 27.0 2.5

 30 or More ......................................... 7.2 14.7 443 508 33.3 4.5

Engine Size (liters)

 2.49 or Less ...................................... 59.8 11.7 458 529 25.5 2.3

 2.50 to 3.49 ....................................... 30.1 12.1 580 673 20.8 2.3

 3.50 to 4.49 ....................................... 24.0 11.7 626 720 18.8 3.6

 4.50 or Greater .................................. 42.8 10.5 716 829 14.6 2.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 51
Table 5.3. U.S. per Vehicle Miles Traveled, Vehicle Fuel Consumption and

 Expenditures, 1994 (Continued)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number

of

Vehicles

(million)

Average per Vehicle

Miles per

Gallon

RSE

Row

Factor:

Vehicle-Miles

Traveled

(thousands)

Consumption

(gallons)

Expenditures

(dollars)

1.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5

Number of Cylinders

 4 ........................................................ 61.5 11.6 460 530 25.2 2.1

 6 ........................................................ 52.3 12.1 618 714 19.5 2.2

 8 ........................................................ 41.6 10.5 706 818 14.8 2.7

 Other ................................................. 1.3 10.6 411 507 25.9 14.8

Type of Transmission

 Automatic .......................................... 117.5 11.4 594 686 19.1 1.6

 Manual Shift ...................................... 39.3 11.6 528 615 22.0 3.0

Type of Drive

 Front-Wheel ...................................... 74.9 11.9 509 588 23.4 1.4

 Rear-Wheel ....................................... 64.3 10.8 618 713 17.4 2.6

 4-Wheel ............................................. 17.6 11.9 722 846 16.5 3.4

Type of Fuel System

 Carburetor ......................................... 76.4 10.5 574 662 18.3 2.5

 Fuel Injection ..................................... 78.2 12.4 579 670 21.3 1.4

 Diesel Engine .................................... 2.2 11.5 652 812 17.6 12.4

Type of Fuel Purchased

 Motor Gasoline .................................. 153.4 11.4 575 665 19.8 1.4

 Unleaded ......................................... 151.5 11.5 574 664 19.9 1.4

 Regular Grade ............................... 104.2 11.5 575 637 20.0 1.7

 Intermediate Grade ....................... 20.6 11.5 567 690 20.3 3.0

 Premium Grade ............................. 26.7 11.2 577 750 19.3 3.2

 Leaded ............................................ Q Q Q Q Q NF

 Gasohol ............................................. 1.4 11.7 663 718 17.7 12.8

 Diesel Fuel ........................................ 1.8 12.0 673 838 17.8 13.7

Type of Primary Service

 Full-Service Pumps ........................... 13.8 9.9 492 584 20.2 6.0

 Self or Mini-Service Pumps ............... 139.8 11.6 587 677 19.8 1.5

 Both Equally ...................................... 2.9 10.3 546 648 18.8 12.5

 Bulk Sales/Other ............................... Q Q Q Q Q NF

Vehicle Used for Commuting

to and from Work

 Yes .................................................... 95.3 12.3 611 706 20.2 1.6

 No ...................................................... 61.5 10.0 527 609 19.1 2.4

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the

Relative Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to

totals. • Data in this table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

and Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

52 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.4. U.S. Vehicles by Model Year, 1994

 (Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All Model

Years

Model Year

RSE

Row

Factor:

1994

to

1995 1993 1992

1989

to

1991

1986

to

1988

1983

to

1985

1980

to

1982

1977

to

1979

1976

or

Earlier

0.3 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.4

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 156.8 7.2 10.4 11.4 35.0 36.3 25.6 10.9 9.5 10.6 4.0

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ........................................... 26.6 1.3 1.8 2.3 6.1 6.9 4.7 1.5 1.2 0.8 10.1

 New England ................................... 7.6 Q Q 0.8 1.5 2.2 1.4 Q Q Q 11.7

 Middle Atlantic ................................. 19.0 0.9 1.4 1.5 4.6 4.7 3.2 1.1 0.9 0.6 12.4

 Midwest ............................................. 41.1 2.3 2.6 3.1 8.7 9.7 7.2 2.9 2.6 2.0 7.5

 East North Central ........................... 29.0 1.7 1.6 2.2 6.4 7.1 4.9 1.9 1.8 1.3 9.3

 West North Central .......................... 12.1 0.6 1.0 1.0 2.2 2.7 2.2 1.0 0.8 0.7 12.1

 South ................................................. 56.0 2.8 3.8 4.0 13.6 12.1 8.5 3.7 3.5 4.2 6.4

 South Atlantic .................................. 28.4 1.6 2.2 2.0 7.5 5.9 4.2 1.7 1.7 1.7 8.5

 East South Central .......................... 11.1 0.5 0.5 0.7 2.2 2.7 1.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 10.5

 West South Central ......................... 16.4 0.7 1.1 1.3 3.9 3.5 2.4 1.1 1.0 1.4 13.1

 West .................................................. 33.1 0.9 2.2 2.0 6.7 7.5 5.3 2.8 2.2 3.5 8.3

 Mountain ......................................... 9.8 Q 0.7 0.8 2.1 1.5 1.6 0.7 0.6 1.5 13.7

 Pacific .............................................. 23.3 0.7 1.5 1.2 4.6 6.0 3.6 2.2 1.5 2.0 9.9

Largest Populated States

 California ............................................ 17.0 Q 1.0 0.9 3.6 4.5 2.7 1.5 1.1 1.3 10.9

 Florida ................................................ 8.8 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.8 2.1 1.3 0.5 0.6 Q 13.9

 New York ............................................ 7.8 0.4 0.7 0.6 1.6 2.4 1.3 Q Q Q 15.1

 Texas ................................................. 11.0 0.4 0.8 0.8 2.5 2.2 1.9 0.8 0.7 1.0 15.8

Urban Status

 Urban ................................................ 119.4 5.9 8.5 8.8 27.2 28.3 18.9 8.1 6.2 7.6 4.9

 Central City ..................................... 40.1 1.5 2.5 3.0 9.2 9.4 6.9 2.8 2.3 2.5 9.9

 Suburban ......................................... 79.3 4.4 6.0 5.8 18.0 18.9 12.0 5.3 3.9 5.1 6.9

 Rural .................................................. 37.4 1.3 1.9 2.6 7.8 8.0 6.7 2.8 3.2 3.0 9.0

Household Size

 1 Person ............................................ 19.5 0.9 1.6 1.1 4.7 4.9 2.8 1.3 1.2 1.1 11.4

 2 Persons .......................................... 55.4 2.6 3.3 4.5 12.6 12.4 9.1 3.4 3.4 4.2 7.3

 3 Persons .......................................... 31.7 1.4 2.1 2.2 6.8 7.8 4.8 2.3 2.0 2.3 10.1

 4 Persons .......................................... 29.5 1.4 2.2 2.0 6.8 6.9 5.1 2.0 1.6 1.4 10.6

 5 Persons .......................................... 14.4 0.8 0.8 1.1 3.1 3.0 2.4 1.3 0.7 1.2 16.1

 6 or More Persons ............................. 6.3 Q Q Q 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.5 0.6 Q 23.4

Household Composition

 Households with Children ................. 64.6 3.0 4.5 4.8 13.2 14.5 11.4 5.0 4.0 4.2 7.0

 Age of Oldest Child

 Under 7 Years ............................... 17.1 0.8 1.3 1.4 3.6 3.7 2.9 1.2 1.0 1.2 13.0

 7 to 15 Years ................................. 32.3 1.5 2.3 2.5 6.6 7.0 5.7 2.6 2.0 2.1 10.5

 16 or 17 Years ............................... 15.2 0.7 0.9 0.9 3.0 3.8 2.8 1.2 0.9 0.9 15.5

 Households Without Children ............ 92.2 4.2 5.9 6.5 21.8 21.8 14.2 5.9 5.5 6.4 5.5

 One Adult ........................................ 19.5 0.9 1.6 1.1 4.7 4.9 2.8 1.3 1.2 1.1 11.4

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 4.1 Q Q Q 1.0 1.0 0.5 Q Q Q 27.9

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 7.6 Q Q Q 1.9 2.3 1.0 Q Q Q 19.1

 60 Years or More ........................ 7.9 Q 0.6 0.5 1.8 1.6 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 18.3

 Two or More Adults ......................... 72.6 3.3 4.3 5.5 17.1 17.0 11.4 4.6 4.3 5.2 6.3

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 13.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 3.8 3.1 2.0 0.8 0.7 0.8 16.5

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 33.9 1.5 2.2 2.8 7.6 7.9 5.5 2.1 1.8 2.4 9.7

 60 Years or More ........................ 24.9 0.9 1.2 1.8 5.7 5.9 3.9 1.7 1.8 2.0 11.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 53
Table 5.4. U.S. Vehicles by Model Year, 1994 (Continued)

 (Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All Model

Years

Model Year

RSE

Row

Factor:

1994

to

1995 1993 1992

1989

to

1991

1986

to

1988

1983

to

1985

1980

to

1982

1977

to

1979

1976

or

Earlier

0.3 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.4

Race of Householder

 White ................................................. 138.6 6.6 9.4 10.3 31.7 32.0 22.2 9.4 7.8 9.2 4.4

 Black ................................................. 11.2 Q 0.5 0.7 1.9 2.5 2.2 0.9 1.2 0.9 17.5

 Other ................................................. 7.0 Q Q Q 1.4 1.8 1.2 0.6 Q Q 21.2

Hispanic Descent

 Yes .................................................... 10.7 Q 0.6 0.7 1.9 2.4 2.1 1.2 0.6 0.8 17.6

 No ...................................................... 146.1 6.7 9.8 10.6 33.2 33.9 23.5 9.7 8.9 9.8 4.3

1993 Family Income

 Less than $5,000 ............................... 3.1 Q Q Q 0.8 Q 0.6 Q Q Q 30.3

 $5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 7.8 Q Q Q 1.4 1.7 1.6 0.8 0.8 1.0 18.5

 $10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 12.5 Q Q 0.9 1.9 2.5 2.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 13.7

 $15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 14.2 Q Q 0.7 2.8 3.2 2.9 1.4 1.3 1.0 14.5

 $20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 14.4 0.7 0.8 0.6 2.9 3.7 2.5 1.0 0.8 1.3 15.4

 $25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 24.1 1.0 1.3 1.5 5.0 5.6 4.1 1.7 1.9 2.0 11.6

 $35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 33.6 1.9 2.6 2.5 7.9 8.0 5.5 2.2 1.5 1.5 10.0

 $50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 28.0 1.4 2.3 2.5 7.4 6.8 3.9 1.3 1.1 1.3 11.4

 $75,000 or More ................................ 19.1 1.4 2.0 2.2 5.0 4.4 2.1 0.6 Q 0.9 14.3

Below Poverty Line

 100 Percent ....................................... 12.4 Q Q 0.6 2.1 2.1 2.4 1.7 1.5 1.5 14.3

 125 Percent ....................................... 18.2 Q 0.5 0.9 3.0 3.7 3.5 2.4 2.0 2.0 12.8

 150 Percent ....................................... 25.7 0.5 0.7 1.3 4.5 5.0 5.2 3.0 2.8 2.7 11.1

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 31.8 0.6 1.0 1.7 5.5 6.4 6.7 3.5 3.3 3.2 10.3

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 ........................................................ 32.4 1.3 2.2 1.9 7.0 7.6 5.1 2.5 2.5 2.3 8.9

 2 ........................................................ 91.6 4.5 6.1 7.3 20.3 20.9 15.0 6.2 5.1 6.1 5.4

 3 ........................................................ 22.2 0.9 1.4 1.6 5.4 5.2 3.3 1.4 1.2 1.6 13.0

 4 or More ........................................... 9.7 Q 0.6 0.6 2.2 2.4 2.0 0.7 Q Q 21.2

Age of Primary Driver

 16 to 17 Years ................................... 1.1 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 55.7

 18 to 22 Years ................................... 4.4 Q Q Q 1.0 1.2 0.8 Q Q Q 25.0

 23 to 29 Years ................................... 8.4 0.7 0.8 0.6 2.4 1.9 1.0 Q Q Q 18.2

 30 to 39 Years ................................... 22.6 1.3 2.1 1.5 5.5 5.8 2.8 1.1 1.0 1.4 12.3

 40 to 49 Years ................................... 22.3 1.5 1.9 1.8 4.9 5.0 3.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 12.2

 50 to 59 Years ................................... 14.9 0.8 1.2 1.3 3.4 3.4 2.4 0.7 0.8 0.9 14.3

 60 to 69 Years ................................... 10.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 2.4 2.7 1.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 18.1

 70 to 79 Years ................................... 8.6 Q 0.6 0.7 2.1 1.7 1.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 17.4

 80 Years and Over ............................ 2.6 Q Q Q 0.6 Q Q Q Q Q 35.2

 Don’t Know ........................................ 61.3 1.7 3.0 4.3 12.7 13.6 11.0 5.8 4.4 4.8 6.8

Sex of Primary Driver

 Female .............................................. 43.4 2.8 4.3 3.9 11.7 10.9 6.0 1.6 1.4 0.8 8.4

 Male .................................................. 52.2 2.7 3.1 3.2 10.6 11.9 8.5 3.6 3.6 5.0 7.6

 Don’t Know ........................................ 61.2 1.7 3.0 4.3 12.7 13.5 11.0 5.8 4.4 4.8 6.9

See footnotes at end of table.

54 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.4. U.S. Vehicles by Model Year, 1994 (Continued)

 (Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All Model

Years

Model Year

RSE

Row

Factor:

1994

to

1995 1993 1992

1989

to

1991

1986

to

1988

1983

to

1985

1980

to

1982

1977

to

1979

1976

or

Earlier

0.3 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.4

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .............................. 1.3 Q Q Q Q 0.3 0.3 Q Q Q 34.4

 Only 1 ................................................ 28.6 0.8 1.8 2.1 6.5 6.9 5.0 2.0 1.9 1.5 9.6

 Between 1 and 2 ............................... 8.4 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.7 1.4 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 17.1

 Only 2 ................................................ 56.9 1.7 3.9 4.9 13.1 14.8 8.6 3.7 3.0 3.2 7.7

 Between 2 and 3 ............................... 13.5 1.7 1.0 0.7 2.9 2.8 1.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 15.3

 Only 3 ................................................ 25.2 0.8 1.2 1.7 6.1 5.4 4.0 2.1 1.5 2.2 12.1

 Between 3 and 4 ............................... 7.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.9 1.5 0.4 0.5 Q 21.6

 4 or More ........................................... 14.8 0.6 1.0 0.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 1.1 1.0 2.0 17.6

Vehicle Characteristics

Type of Vehicle

 Passenger Car .................................. 106.4 4.1 6.9 7.8 23.6 26.1 18.2 8.1 5.6 6.0 4.8

 Minivan .............................................. 8.1 0.8 1.0 0.8 2.9 1.9 0.5 Q Q Q 15.4

 Sport Utility ........................................ 9.5 0.8 1.0 1.0 2.5 2.0 1.1 Q Q 0.6 15.6

 Large Van .......................................... 3.4 Q Q Q 0.7 0.7 0.8 Q Q Q 29.5

 Pickup Truck ..................................... 28.8 1.5 1.4 1.6 5.2 5.6 4.7 2.1 3.2 3.5 9.1

 Other ................................................. 0.6 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 96.7

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

 10.9 or Less ...................................... 7.0 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1.7 4.0 10.6

 11 to 12.9 .......................................... 8.9 Q Q Q 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.6 2.2 2.6 16.3

 13 to 15.9 .......................................... 18.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.0 3.3 2.3 11.6

 16 to 18.9 .......................................... 26.5 1.4 1.8 2.2 5.3 4.8 6.0 2.6 1.5 0.9 10.4

 19 to 21.9 .......................................... 35.2 1.8 3.2 3.0 8.7 9.6 5.6 2.3 Q Q 8.4

 22 to 24.9 .......................................... 28.2 1.5 2.2 2.6 9.1 8.0 3.3 1.2 Q Q 10.0

 25 to 29.9 .......................................... 24.9 1.0 1.5 2.1 6.4 7.5 4.7 1.6 Q Q 10.0

 30 or More ......................................... 7.2 Q 0.8 0.6 1.5 2.1 1.4 Q Q Q 18.8

Engine Size (liters)

 2.49 or Less ...................................... 59.8 2.1 3.7 4.3 14.7 17.6 11.0 4.5 1.0 0.9 7.8

 2.50 to 3.49 ....................................... 30.1 1.7 3.2 3.3 8.7 7.7 3.6 1.1 0.5 Q 10.0

 3.50 to 4.49 ....................................... 24.0 1.6 2.0 2.3 5.6 4.5 3.5 2.3 1.3 1.0 11.1

 4.50 or Greater .................................. 42.8 1.7 1.4 1.5 6.1 6.5 7.5 3.0 6.6 8.4 8.1

Number of Cylinders

 4 ........................................................ 61.5 2.1 3.7 4.4 15.3 18.3 11.0 4.4 1.0 1.3 7.4

 6 ........................................................ 52.3 3.4 5.2 5.5 13.3 11.3 6.7 2.9 1.8 2.1 6.9

 8 ........................................................ 41.6 1.6 1.3 1.4 6.1 6.4 7.6 3.4 6.7 7.1 8.2

 Other ................................................. 1.3 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 60.0

Type of Transmission

 Automatic .......................................... 117.5 5.6 8.1 8.9 27.5 27.0 18.7 7.1 7.4 7.1 4.6

 Manual Shift ...................................... 39.3 1.6 2.2 2.5 7.5 9.3 6.9 3.8 2.0 3.5 8.7

Type of Drive

 Front-Wheel ...................................... 74.9 4.3 6.2 7.2 21.0 19.9 11.0 3.3 0.8 1.1 6.4

 Rear-Wheel ....................................... 64.3 1.7 2.4 2.7 9.9 12.7 12.0 6.7 7.6 8.6 6.7

 4-Wheel ............................................. 17.6 1.2 1.8 1.4 4.1 3.6 2.6 0.9 1.0 0.9 12.5

Type of Fuel System

 Carburetor ......................................... 76.4 1.1 1.4 1.7 7.1 17.8 18.7 9.7 8.8 10.1 6.3

 Fuel Injection ..................................... 78.2 5.9 8.8 9.6 27.7 18.3 6.2 0.7 0.6 Q 6.9

 Diesel Engine .................................... 2.2 Q Q Q Q Q 0.7 0.5 Q Q 27.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 55
Table 5.4. U.S. Vehicles by Model Year, 1994 (Continued)

 (Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All Model

Years

Model Year

RSE

Row

Factor:

1994

to

1995 1993 1992

1989

to

1991

1986

to

1988

1983

to

1985

1980

to

1982

1977

to

1979

1976

or

Earlier

0.3 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.4

Type of Fuel Purchased

 Motor Gasoline .................................. 153.4 6.9 10.1 11.2 34.6 35.9 24.7 10.3 9.3 10.4 4.0

 Unleaded ......................................... 151.5 6.9 10.1 11.2 34.5 35.9 24.6 10.2 9.1 9.1 4.0

 Regular Grade ............................... 104.2 4.3 6.5 7.2 22.9 24.4 17.6 7.7 6.6 7.0 5.0

 Intermediate Grade ....................... 20.6 0.9 1.6 1.7 5.8 4.8 3.1 1.3 0.9 0.6 12.6

 Premium Grade ............................. 26.7 1.6 2.0 2.2 5.9 6.7 3.9 1.3 1.6 1.6 10.2

 Leaded ............................................ 1.9 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1.3 28.1

 Gasohol ............................................. 1.4 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 82.0

 Diesel Fuel ........................................ 1.8 Q Q Q Q Q 0.7 Q Q Q 38.2

Type of Primary Service

 Full-Service Pumps ........................... 13.8 0.7 0.8 1.0 3.1 3.3 2.5 0.9 0.8 0.7 18.4

 Self or Mini-Service Pumps ............... 139.8 6.2 9.4 10.2 31.3 32.4 22.6 9.8 8.4 9.5 4.5

 Both Equally ...................................... 2.9 Q Q Q 0.6 0.6 0.5 Q Q Q 36.7

 Bulk Sales/Other ............................... Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q NF

Vehicle Used for Commuting

to and from Work

 Yes .................................................... 95.3 4.8 6.7 7.3 22.5 22.7 15.3 6.1 5.1 4.9 5.2

 No ...................................................... 61.5 2.3 3.7 4.1 12.6 13.6 10.3 4.8 4.4 5.7 7.1

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the Relative

Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this

table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and Forms

EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

56 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.5. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Efficiency by Model Year, 1994

 (Miles per Gallon)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Model

Years

Model Year 

RSE

Row

Factor:

1994

to

1995 1993 1992

1989

to

1991

1986

to

1988

1983

to

1985

1980

to

1982

1977

to

1979

1976

or

Earlier

0.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.4

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 19.8 20.5 21.4 21.5 21.1 21.7 20.3 19.3 13.9 12.2 1.1

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ........................................... 20.7 20.7 21.5 21.9 21.5 22.1 21.0 20.3 14.4 12.2 2.7

 New England ................................... 20.4 Q Q 23.1 21.1 22.1 19.9 Q Q Q 3.3

 Middle Atlantic ................................. 20.8 21.5 22.0 21.3 21.6 22.1 21.5 20.4 14.6 11.9 3.3

 Midwest ............................................. 20.1 21.3 21.9 22.6 21.1 21.8 20.2 19.2 14.3 11.7 2.0

 East North Central ........................... 20.1 21.1 22.3 22.2 21.3 21.8 19.7 19.4 14.3 11.9 2.4

 West North Central .......................... 20.0 21.8 21.2 23.7 20.4 21.6 21.5 19.0 14.3 11.4 3.2

 South ................................................. 19.6 20.3 21.4 20.4 21.0 21.6 19.6 18.7 13.8 12.4 1.9

 South Atlantic .................................. 20.2 20.5 21.6 20.2 21.6 21.9 20.5 19.3 14.1 13.0 2.6

 East South Central .......................... 19.0 21.0 20.5 20.9 21.5 22.1 18.7 17.7 13.6 11.5 4.2

 West South Central ......................... 18.9 19.4 21.5 20.3 19.8 20.9 18.8 18.7 13.6 12.6 3.4

 West .................................................. 19.1 19.1 21.0 21.3 20.8 21.2 21.1 19.6 13.3 12.2 2.6

 Mountain ......................................... 17.9 Q 18.6 20.1 19.0 20.7 19.8 18.5 13.9 12.0 5.2

 Pacific .............................................. 19.7 18.4 22.1 22.3 21.9 21.3 21.7 19.9 13.0 12.4 2.7

Largest Populated States

 California ............................................ 19.8 Q 23.5 22.0 22.2 21.1 21.8 19.1 13.1 11.9 2.8

 Florida ................................................ 20.3 21.6 21.3 20.6 21.1 20.7 20.8 19.7 14.2 Q 3.3

 New York ............................................ 20.9 21.5 21.8 21.0 22.2 22.4 20.1 Q Q Q 3.9

 Texas ................................................. 18.8 19.7 21.8 20.3 19.3 20.9 19.0 19.3 13.7 13.3 3.9

Urban Status

 Urban ................................................ 20.1 20.7 21.8 21.6 21.4 21.9 20.5 19.7 14.0 12.3 1.3

 Central City ..................................... 20.2 21.4 21.4 21.8 21.5 22.1 20.9 20.0 14.3 12.1 2.3

 Suburban ......................................... 20.1 20.4 22.0 21.5 21.3 21.8 20.3 19.6 13.8 12.4 1.7

 Rural .................................................. 18.8 20.0 20.0 21.0 20.2 20.9 19.7 18.0 13.6 11.9 2.3

Household Size

 1 Person ............................................ 20.5 22.1 23.5 21.7 21.8 21.6 21.3 19.5 14.6 12.6 3.4

 2 Persons .......................................... 19.7 20.0 21.2 21.5 21.4 21.6 19.7 18.9 13.7 12.3 1.9

 3 Persons .......................................... 20.1 20.4 21.7 21.6 21.5 21.9 20.8 19.9 14.2 12.7 2.5

 4 Persons .......................................... 19.6 20.2 20.6 20.6 20.1 21.3 20.0 19.8 13.6 11.4 2.5

 5 Persons .......................................... 19.4 20.6 20.7 21.3 20.7 21.9 21.5 18.2 13.3 11.7 3.6

 6 or More Persons ............................. 19.7 Q Q Q 20.6 22.3 20.0 19.6 14.1 Q 4.4

Household Composition

 Households with Children ................. 19.7 20.7 20.9 21.4 20.5 21.8 20.6 19.4 14.0 12.0 1.7

 Age of Oldest Child

 Under 7 Years ............................... 20.0 20.0 21.6 22.4 21.0 21.4 21.6 20.6 13.7 11.5 3.1

 7 to 15 Years ................................. 19.5 20.2 20.6 21.0 20.1 21.9 20.2 19.3 14.2 11.9 2.4

 16 or 17 Years ............................... 19.9 22.9 20.9 21.5 20.7 22.2 20.3 18.6 13.8 12.9 3.6

 Households Without Children ............ 19.9 20.4 21.9 21.5 21.5 21.5 20.1 19.2 13.8 12.3 1.5

 One Adult ........................................ 20.5 22.1 23.5 21.7 21.8 21.6 21.3 19.5 14.6 12.6 3.4

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 21.6 Q Q Q 24.1 21.3 23.0 Q Q Q 6.9

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 20.5 Q Q Q 20.5 21.7 21.3 Q Q Q 5.3

 60 Years or More ........................ 19.7 Q 22.1 20.6 22.2 21.8 20.3 18.1 14.1 11.6 4.1

 Two or More Adults ......................... 19.7 19.9 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.5 19.9 19.1 13.6 12.2 1.7

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 21.6 21.1 23.1 23.7 23.2 23.2 21.9 21.1 14.9 12.8 4.2

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 19.5 19.2 21.1 21.0 21.3 21.3 19.5 19.1 13.7 12.1 2.5

 60 Years or More ........................ 18.8 20.1 20.6 20.8 20.5 20.6 19.3 18.1 13.1 12.1 2.4

Race of Householder

 White ................................................. 19.8 20.4 21.3 21.3 21.0 21.6 20.2 19.2 14.0 12.2 1.3

 Black ................................................. 19.8 Q 23.1 22.5 22.3 22.5 21.6 18.4 13.5 11.3 3.5

 Other ................................................. 20.5 Q Q Q 21.5 22.2 20.9 21.9 Q Q 5.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 57
Table 5.5. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Efficiency by Model Year, 1994 (Continued)

 (Miles per Gallon)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Model

Years

Model Year 

RSE

Row

Factor:

1994

to

1995 1993 1992

1989

to

1991

1986

to

1988

1983

to

1985

1980

to

1982

1977

to

1979

1976

or

Earlier

0.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.4

Hispanic Descent

 Yes .................................................... 19.7 Q 21.0 21.7 20.7 21.7 20.1 19.7 13.3 13.4 4.1

 No ...................................................... 19.8 20.4 21.5 21.4 21.1 21.7 20.3 19.2 13.9 12.1 1.2

1993 Family Income

 Less than $5,000 ............................... 20.7 Q Q Q 23.2 Q 23.9 Q Q Q 8.5

 $5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 19.3 Q Q Q 24.0 23.5 21.5 17.7 13.5 11.9 4.7

 $10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 19.4 Q Q 24.2 22.7 21.7 21.1 20.1 13.4 12.4 3.4

 $15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 19.0 Q Q 22.1 19.9 22.2 19.6 19.8 13.6 11.8 3.0

 $20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 19.8 20.6 23.2 21.5 21.6 22.5 20.5 19.6 13.4 12.2 3.9

 $25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 19.6 21.5 21.4 21.6 20.9 21.8 20.2 19.3 14.7 12.5 2.8

 $35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 20.0 21.0 22.4 21.1 20.5 21.1 20.1 18.8 13.9 12.4 2.6

 $50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 20.4 19.6 21.3 21.8 21.4 21.8 20.1 18.5 13.9 11.8 2.7

 $75,000 or More ................................ 19.8 19.6 20.2 20.1 20.6 20.8 19.6 20.2 Q 11.6 3.2

Below Poverty Line

 100 Percent ....................................... 19.2 Q Q 22.7 22.4 22.0 22.4 20.1 13.4 12.4 3.4

 125 Percent ....................................... 19.2 Q 20.2 22.7 22.2 22.4 21.4 20.1 13.9 12.2 3.1

 150 Percent ....................................... 19.3 21.6 21.0 23.6 22.0 22.8 20.8 19.9 13.6 11.9 2.9

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 19.4 21.6 21.4 23.1 22.1 22.4 21.1 19.6 13.6 11.9 2.5

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 ........................................................ 20.2 21.7 22.8 21.7 21.6 22.1 21.3 19.7 14.0 12.8 2.4

 2 ........................................................ 19.6 19.8 20.9 21.4 20.8 21.4 19.9 19.1 13.9 11.9 1.5

 3 ........................................................ 19.9 22.6 21.2 21.2 21.2 22.1 20.4 19.4 13.3 12.6 3.2

 4 or More ........................................... 20.8 Q 23.1 22.8 21.7 22.1 21.1 19.0 Q Q 4.6

Age of Primary Driver

 16 to 17 Years ................................... 21.2 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 9.2

 18 to 22 Years ................................... 22.1 Q Q Q 24.2 24.9 22.4 Q Q Q 5.2

 23 to 29 Years ................................... 22.0 22.0 24.0 25.3 22.9 22.4 21.6 Q Q Q 4.2

 30 to 39 Years ................................... 19.7 20.7 21.8 21.9 20.5 21.7 19.5 18.5 13.3 11.5 3.4

 40 to 49 Years ................................... 19.7 20.0 20.2 20.5 20.6 22.0 18.9 18.1 14.6 12.5 3.0

 50 to 59 Years ................................... 19.2 19.9 21.5 21.9 20.2 19.9 19.6 18.5 13.6 11.7 3.4

 60 to 69 Years ................................... 18.7 20.6 20.4 20.4 20.4 20.1 18.6 18.3 13.0 10.4 4.3

 70 to 79 Years ................................... 18.5 Q 21.1 21.5 19.5 20.4 18.6 18.3 12.4 11.3 4.0

 80 Years and Over ............................ 17.7 Q Q Q 21.2 Q Q Q Q Q 6.6

 Don’t Know ........................................ 19.9 20.4 21.4 21.1 21.5 21.9 21.3 19.9 14.2 12.6 1.9

Sex of Primary Driver

 Female .............................................. 21.5 22.4 22.2 22.4 22.2 22.3 20.8 18.4 14.9 12.5 2.0

 Male .................................................. 18.5 18.9 20.6 20.8 19.6 20.9 18.7 18.5 13.1 11.7 2.0

 Don’t Know ........................................ 19.9 20.4 21.4 21.1 21.5 21.9 21.3 19.9 14.2 12.6 1.9

See footnotes at end of table.

58 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.5. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Efficiency by Model Year, 1994 (Continued)

 (Miles per Gallon)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Model

Years

Model Year 

RSE

Row

Factor:

1994

to

1995 1993 1992

1989

to

1991

1986

to

1988

1983

to

1985

1980

to

1982

1977

to

1979

1976

or

Earlier

0.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.4

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .............................. 21.1 Q Q Q Q 23.2 21.6 Q Q Q 6.1

 Only 1 ................................................ 20.7 20.8 23.0 21.6 22.3 22.5 21.4 19.8 14.1 12.7 2.5

 Between 1 and 2 ............................... 19.7 22.2 20.7 23.8 21.4 20.7 20.8 18.7 13.6 12.5 3.9

 Only 2 ................................................ 20.0 20.1 21.7 21.4 21.1 21.7 20.0 19.7 13.9 12.0 2.0

 Between 2 and 3 ............................... 19.1 20.6 19.2 21.7 19.9 21.0 19.8 18.7 13.3 12.1 3.7

 Only 3 ................................................ 18.9 20.3 20.7 20.6 20.1 20.7 19.9 18.7 13.8 11.8 2.8

 Between 3 and 4 ............................... 20.3 20.2 21.2 22.6 21.8 22.3 18.8 16.5 14.5 Q 5.2

 4 or More ........................................... 19.5 18.9 21.5 20.6 21.5 21.8 20.8 19.7 14.0 12.7 4.3

Vehicle Characteristics

Type of Vehicle

 Passenger Car .................................. 21.9 23.8 24.1 23.8 23.8 23.7 22.1 20.6 14.9 13.0 1.2

 Minivan .............................................. 19.7 20.1 20.0 19.0 19.6 19.7 19.6 Q Q Q 1.5

 Sport Utility ........................................ 16.3 16.8 17.4 17.0 17.0 16.5 16.1 Q Q 11.2 2.8

 Large Van .......................................... 13.8 Q Q Q 15.2 14.7 14.1 Q Q Q 4.0

 Pickup Truck ..................................... 16.3 16.7 17.2 17.8 17.4 18.7 17.8 17.3 12.8 11.3 2.2

 Other ................................................. 8.8 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.2

Engine Size (liters)

 2.49 or Less ...................................... 25.5 26.6 26.5 26.2 25.6 25.5 25.7 24.4 20.2 19.5 1.8

 2.50 to 3.49 ....................................... 20.8 21.4 21.1 21.1 21.2 20.8 20.2 19.6 16.1 Q 1.6

 3.50 to 4.49 ....................................... 18.8 19.1 19.2 18.9 19.5 20.2 18.5 17.4 15.9 14.1 1.5

 4.50 or Greater .................................. 14.6 16.2 16.4 16.6 15.8 16.4 16.0 15.1 12.9 11.4 1.7

Number of Cylinders

 4 ........................................................ 25.2 26.5 26.5 25.9 25.1 25.3 25.6 24.4 19.7 17.5 1.7

 6 ........................................................ 19.5 20.2 20.2 19.8 20.3 20.3 19.2 18.0 15.8 13.3 1.4

 8 ........................................................ 14.8 16.0 16.5 16.9 16.1 16.7 16.1 15.5 12.9 11.3 1.7

 Other ................................................. 25.9 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 12.8

Type of Transmission

 Automatic .......................................... 19.1 20.2 20.6 21.0 20.6 20.8 19.2 17.9 13.6 11.9 1.1

 Manual Shift ...................................... 22.0 21.8 24.9 23.2 22.9 24.3 23.7 22.6 15.0 13.1 2.7

Type of Drive

 Front-Wheel ...................................... 23.4 23.2 23.6 23.4 23.7 24.2 23.8 23.2 14.8 12.7 1.9

 Rear-Wheel ....................................... 17.4 18.3 20.2 19.3 19.2 19.9 18.4 18.1 14.0 12.3 1.7

 4-Wheel ............................................. 16.5 16.0 17.4 17.4 16.5 17.5 17.6 16.9 11.9 10.8 2.5

Type of Fuel System

 Carburetor ......................................... 18.3 21.4 21.0 20.8 20.8 21.7 19.7 19.2 13.8 12.1 1.9

 Fuel Injection ..................................... 21.3 20.8 21.7 21.6 21.2 21.7 22.0 18.7 14.4 Q 2.1

 Diesel Engine .................................... 17.6 Q Q Q Q Q 22.8 24.2 Q Q 8.7

Type of Fuel Purchased

 Motor Gasoline .................................. 19.8 21.0 21.6 21.4 21.1 21.7 20.3 19.2 13.9 12.2 1.2

 Unleaded ......................................... 19.9 21.0 21.6 21.5 21.1 21.7 20.3 19.2 13.9 12.3 1.2

 Regular Grade ............................... 20.0 21.1 21.7 21.6 21.3 22.3 20.4 19.5 13.9 12.3 1.4

 Intermediate Grade ....................... 20.3 23.2 21.0 21.9 20.7 21.2 20.1 18.7 14.4 13.3 3.2

 Premium Grade ............................. 19.3 19.5 21.5 20.8 20.8 20.2 20.1 17.7 13.7 11.6 2.4

 Leaded ............................................ 13.1 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 11.9 5.7

 Gasohol ............................................. 17.7 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 8.0

 Diesel Fuel ........................................ 17.8 Q Q Q Q Q 20.5 Q Q Q 13.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 59
Table 5.5. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Efficiency by Model Year, 1994 (Continued)

 (Miles per Gallon)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Model

Years

Model Year 

RSE

Row

Factor:

1994

to

1995 1993 1992

1989

to

1991

1986

to

1988

1983

to

1985

1980

to

1982

1977

to

1979

1976

or

Earlier

0.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.4

Type of Primary Service

 Full-Service Pumps ........................... 20.2 22.4 22.1 21.3 21.3 21.7 21.4 20.2 13.5 11.3 3.4

 Self or Mini-Service Pumps ............... 19.8 20.3 21.4 21.4 21.1 21.7 20.2 19.3 13.9 12.3 1.2

 Both Equally ...................................... 18.8 Q Q Q 19.6 19.9 20.7 Q Q Q 8.0

 Bulk Sales/Other ............................... Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q NF

Vehicle Used for Commuting

to and from Work

 Yes .................................................... 20.2 20.7 21.9 21.7 21.4 21.9 20.6 19.2 14.0 12.1 1.4

 No ...................................................... 19.1 20.1 20.5 20.9 20.5 21.3 19.9 19.4 13.7 12.3 1.9

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the Relative

Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this

table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and Forms

EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

60 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.6. U.S. Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Model Year, 1994

 (Gallons per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Model

Years

Model Year 

RSE

Row

Factor:

1994

to

1995 1993 1992

1989

to

1991

1986

to

1988

1983

to

1985

1980

to

1982

1977

to

1979

1976

or

Earlier

0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.8 1.4 1.8 1.9

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 578 697 641 610 541 522 520 510 671 676 5.1

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ........................................... 545 693 588 584 546 477 502 468 Q Q 10.2

 New England ................................... 542 Q Q Q 622 418 Q Q Q Q 16.0

 Middle Atlantic ................................. 545 618 569 591 522 504 500 465 Q Q 12.1

 Midwest ............................................. 580 657 671 615 596 531 525 463 657 775 8.3

 East North Central ........................... 574 654 634 620 567 516 545 452 690 Q 10.1

 West North Central .......................... 592 668 735 603 680 571 483 Q Q Q 12.2

 South ................................................. 598 733 653 628 485 543 561 538 653 640 9.1

 South Atlantic .................................. 601 746 616 614 444 558 578 547 669 592 12.5

 East South Central .......................... 571 722 Q Q 618 501 529 Q Q Q 14.9

 West South Central ......................... 612 712 711 664 488 549 556 Q Q Q 20.1

 West .................................................. 568 Q 629 595 580 520 461 545 757 622 11.4

 Mountain ......................................... 599 Q Q Q 359 497 507 Q Q 578 14.5

 Pacific .............................................. 555 Q 603 550 683 526 441 Q Q 656 14.9

Largest Populated States

 California ............................................ 559 Q Q Q 677 547 431 Q Q Q 17.1

 Florida ................................................ 580 Q Q Q 614 541 Q Q Q Q 18.5

 New York ............................................ 545 Q Q Q 761 511 478 Q Q Q 15.1

 Texas ................................................. 598 Q Q Q 466 548 563 Q Q Q 26.3

Urban Status

 Urban ................................................ 565 684 613 594 534 513 510 505 676 662 6.1

 Central City ..................................... 535 634 565 571 488 477 478 508 682 615 11.9

 Suburban ......................................... 581 701 633 606 557 531 528 504 672 685 6.7

 Rural .................................................. 617 753 769 663 567 555 547 522 662 710 9.5

Household Size

 1 Person ............................................ 492 576 537 499 499 482 403 436 Q Q 13.8

 2 Persons .......................................... 553 674 639 577 483 492 505 479 650 612 8.1

 3 Persons .......................................... 596 701 682 628 626 542 519 551 733 665 11.1

 4 Persons .......................................... 615 783 666 675 565 555 584 482 682 Q 11.7

 5 Persons .......................................... 630 Q 605 656 533 547 514 Q Q Q 16.0

 6 or More Persons ............................. 673 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 30.1

Household Composition

 Households with Children ................. 625 761 685 678 607 555 555 546 748 708 7.6

 Age of Oldest Child

 Under 7 Years ............................... 606 Q 646 620 578 566 536 Q Q Q 15.3

 7 to 15 Years ................................. 633 809 697 713 581 553 559 544 727 699 10.6

 16 or 17 Years ............................... 630 Q 709 Q 701 549 565 Q Q Q 15.3

 Households Without Children ............ 545 650 608 559 501 501 491 479 615 654 6.8

 One Adult ........................................ 492 576 537 499 499 482 403 436 Q Q 13.8

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 601 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 26.6

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 547 Q Q Q 629 538 Q Q Q Q 20.5

 60 Years or More ........................ 384 Q Q Q 307 343 348 Q Q Q 18.4

 Two or More Adults ......................... 559 670 635 571 502 506 513 491 657 641 7.5

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 585 659 Q Q 477 575 543 Q Q Q 18.3

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 594 728 676 583 555 533 541 488 664 741 10.8

 60 Years or More ........................ 495 582 590 507 446 433 459 465 653 508 13.3

Race of Householder

 White ................................................. 581 704 644 612 532 526 521 505 669 683 5.2

 Black ................................................. 564 Q Q Q 618 477 532 Q Q Q 20.2

 Other ................................................. 531 Q Q Q 654 Q Q Q Q Q 28.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 61
Table 5.6. U.S. Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Model Year, 1994 (Continued)

 (Gallons per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Model

Years

Model Year 

RSE

Row

Factor:

1994

to

1995 1993 1992

1989

to

1991

1986

to

1988

1983

to

1985

1980

to

1982

1977

to

1979

1976

or

Earlier

0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.8 1.4 1.8 1.9

Hispanic Descent

 Yes .................................................... 579 Q Q Q 688 536 503 Q Q Q 21.7

 No ...................................................... 578 700 642 613 533 521 521 502 662 677 5.1

1993 Family Income

 Less than $5,000 ............................... 558 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 35.8

 $5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 510 Q Q Q Q 448 467 Q Q Q 31.5

 $10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 529 Q Q 496 687 512 547 444 571 Q 16.2

 $15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 562 Q Q Q 552 481 523 Q Q Q 16.4

 $20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 558 605 542 Q 594 473 481 Q Q Q 16.0

 $25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 610 716 729 674 618 549 530 571 728 754 11.6

 $35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 580 669 582 630 543 536 521 502 620 673 10.4

 $50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 579 732 682 632 484 528 513 Q Q Q 10.0

 $75,000 or More ................................ 620 752 698 627 491 559 573 Q Q Q 14.5

Below Poverty Line

 100 Percent ....................................... 558 Q Q Q 467 472 519 Q Q Q 24.3

 125 Percent ....................................... 568 Q Q Q 594 487 540 494 702 Q 13.8

 150 Percent ....................................... 574 Q Q 569 566 514 554 498 672 713 13.6

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 562 Q Q 546 579 496 537 513 662 688 12.8

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 ........................................................ 511 586 594 519 514 473 443 479 584 610 10.8

 2 ........................................................ 592 733 646 628 549 532 533 515 692 677 6.4

 3 ........................................................ 604 644 700 658 490 509 536 Q Q 796 12.8

 4 or More ........................................... 615 Q Q Q 694 618 599 Q Q Q 16.9

Age of Primary Driver

 16 to 17 Years ................................... 453 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 55.3

 18 to 22 Years ................................... 581 Q Q Q Q 506 569 Q Q Q 20.0

 23 to 29 Years ................................... 605 747 643 Q 481 596 Q Q Q Q 15.6

 30 to 39 Years ................................... 618 741 683 614 569 534 556 493 738 Q 10.2

 40 to 49 Years ................................... 629 770 729 747 561 556 579 448 699 594 10.3

 50 to 59 Years ................................... 605 758 670 610 568 581 491 Q Q 757 12.7

 60 to 69 Years ................................... 498 594 Q 495 467 413 470 Q 693 Q 17.1

 70 to 79 Years ................................... 427 Q Q Q 273 342 357 Q Q Q 17.7

 80 Years and Over ............................ 345 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 31.9

 Don’t Know ........................................ 580 Q 610 593 576 538 529 566 693 716 12.5

Sex of Primary Driver

 Female .............................................. 542 655 619 645 441 472 480 410 629 Q 7.1

 Male .................................................. 603 778 701 590 614 549 534 462 661 656 7.3

 Don’t Know ........................................ 581 Q 611 593 573 540 530 567 693 716 12.5

See footnotes at end of table.

62 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.6. U.S. Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Model Year, 1994 (Continued)

 (Gallons per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Model

Years

Model Year 

RSE

Row

Factor:

1994

to

1995 1993 1992

1989

to

1991

1986

to

1988

1983

to

1985

1980

to

1982

1977

to

1979

1976

or

Earlier

0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.8 1.4 1.8 1.9

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .............................. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q NF

 Only 1 ................................................ 518 Q 559 554 504 476 494 500 597 Q 12.0

 Between 1 and 2 ............................... 642 693 626 Q 495 615 Q Q Q Q 19.6

 Only 2 ................................................ 579 687 645 651 569 503 512 508 685 720 8.2

 Between 2 and 3 ............................... 630 695 665 686 593 603 551 Q 717 Q 13.7

 Only 3 ................................................ 576 729 658 546 443 506 510 500 600 686 13.5

 Between 3 and 4 ............................... 623 Q Q Q 744 635 536 Q Q Q 25.4

 4 or More ........................................... 588 Q 653 Q 586 569 559 Q Q 530 16.1

Vehicle Characteristics

Type of Vehicle

 Passenger Car .................................. 514 585 553 545 525 476 477 492 642 634 6.0

 Minivan .............................................. 682 813 798 837 363 570 Q Q Q Q 13.4

 Sport Utility ........................................ 778 Q 809 Q 629 787 678 Q Q Q 18.3

 Large Van .......................................... 844 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 25.0

 Pickup Truck ..................................... 682 889 806 702 635 598 595 508 701 748 10.5

 Other ................................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q NF

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

 10.9 or Less ...................................... 586 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 434 683 11.1

 11 to 12.9 .......................................... 733 Q Q Q 504 452 498 Q 828 877 21.4

 13 to 15.9 .......................................... 666 842 765 Q 644 634 604 565 747 578 13.5

 16 to 18.9 .......................................... 599 774 714 700 456 501 556 579 Q Q 12.4

 19 to 21.9 .......................................... 590 699 669 623 634 570 574 494 Q Q 9.4

 22 to 24.9 .......................................... 550 674 619 625 456 518 448 Q Q Q 10.1

 25 to 29.9 .......................................... 483 552 541 513 533 459 464 Q Q Q 9.5

 30 or More ......................................... 443 Q Q Q Q 457 Q Q Q Q 20.2

Engine Size (liters)

 2.49 or Less ...................................... 458 546 530 489 536 446 427 414 Q Q 7.4

 2.50 to 3.49 ....................................... 580 678 640 655 475 540 484 Q Q Q 9.8

 3.50 to 4.49 ....................................... 626 727 699 709 457 567 526 578 Q Q 12.4

 4.50 or Greater .................................. 716 873 858 701 726 680 671 571 730 706 9.3

Number of Cylinders

 4 ........................................................ 460 554 521 501 532 446 424 414 Q Q 7.1

 6 ........................................................ 618 702 689 689 484 569 536 592 603 630 8.9

 8 ........................................................ 706 881 811 658 699 662 646 570 721 728 9.7

 Other ................................................. 411 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 42.4

Type of Transmission

 Automatic .......................................... 594 708 663 627 519 529 537 542 683 729 5.8

 Manual Shift ...................................... 528 657 561 548 621 504 474 448 628 568 10.4

Type of Drive

 Front-Wheel ...................................... 509 635 584 567 439 463 450 439 Q Q 6.5

 Rear-Wheel ....................................... 618 766 673 664 726 566 564 531 666 675 8.3

 4-Wheel ............................................. 722 821 802 725 614 699 612 Q Q Q 13.0

Type of Fuel System

 Carburetor ......................................... 574 693 587 631 1299 516 539 519 672 680 8.6

 Fuel Injection ..................................... 579 683 644 605 345 524 467 Q Q Q 6.1

 Diesel Engine .................................... 652 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 33.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 63
Table 5.6. U.S. Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Model Year, 1994 (Continued)

 (Gallons per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Model

Years

Model Year 

RSE

Row

Factor:

1994

to

1995 1993 1992

1989

to

1991

1986

to

1988

1983

to

1985

1980

to

1982

1977

to

1979

1976

or

Earlier

0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.8 1.4 1.8 1.9

Type of Fuel Purchased

 Motor Gasoline .................................. 575 674 631 607 541 521 520 517 673 670 5.2

 Unleaded ......................................... 574 674 631 607 541 521 519 517 667 675 5.2

 Regular Grade ............................... 575 669 637 619 551 516 518 504 683 693 6.1

 Intermediate Grade ....................... 567 624 615 580 431 525 510 Q Q Q 12.0

 Premium Grade ............................. 577 719 625 587 615 539 531 553 647 612 12.8

 Leaded ............................................ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q NF

 Gasohol ............................................. 663 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 43.5

 Diesel Fuel ........................................ 673 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 37.5

Type of Primary Service

 Full-Service Pumps ........................... 492 Q Q Q 469 447 421 Q Q Q 19.7

 Self or Mini-Service Pumps ............... 587 711 646 617 550 530 532 521 682 674 5.4

 Both Equally ...................................... 546 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 46.7

 Bulk Sales/Other ............................... Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q NF

Vehicle Used for Commuting

to and from Work

 Yes .................................................... 611 709 684 656 547 542 553 539 711 786 5.9

 No ...................................................... 527 672 563 526 531 490 470 473 625 583 8.9

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the Relative

Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this

table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and Forms

EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

64 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.7. U.S. Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Family Income, 1994

 (Billion Miles)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

1993 Family Income

Below Poverty

Line Eligible

for

Federal

Assistance1

RSE

Row

Factor:

Less

than

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

or

More

100

Percent

125

Percent

0.4 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.1 0.9

Household Characteristics

Total ............................................... 1,793 35 77 128 310 287 390 566 133 199 347 8.7

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ...................................... 299 Q Q 16 40 44 75 109 18 26 49 19.6

 New England .............................. 84 Q Q Q Q Q 17 35 Q Q 13 31.6

 Middle Atlantic ............................ 215 Q Q 12 29 31 59 73 Q 20 36 23.2

 Midwest ......................................... 479 Q 18 41 93 76 109 137 30 56 92 13.5

 East North Central ...................... 335 Q 14 25 61 50 71 111 23 38 65 17.5

 West North Central ..................... 144 Q Q 16 32 26 38 25 Q 18 27 18.7

 South ............................................ 655 Q 37 38 117 117 139 197 46 70 124 15.5

 South Atlantic .............................. 345 Q Q 22 62 53 71 112 23 33 70 20.6

 East South Central ...................... 121 Q Q Q 21 29 25 31 Q 16 23 27.4

 West South Central ..................... 190 Q Q Q 35 35 43 54 Q 20 32 24.4

 West .............................................. 360 Q 15 33 59 50 65 123 39 47 82 21.2

 Mountain ..................................... 105 Q Q Q 28 15 11 30 Q Q 24 37.8

 Pacific ......................................... 255 Q Q 24 31 35 54 93 Q 32 58 26.5

Largest Populated States

 California ........................................ 188 Q Q Q 22 23 41 73 Q Q 38 32.3

 Florida ............................................ 104 Q Q Q 18 18 28 28 Q Q Q 26.8

 New York ....................................... 89 Q Q Q Q 13 21 38 Q Q Q 29.1

 Texas ............................................. 124 Q Q Q 26 22 30 33 Q Q 22 28.7

Urban Status

 Urban ............................................ 1,360 31 54 84 215 199 294 484 96 132 241 10.7

 Central City ................................. 434 Q 20 40 86 64 87 125 47 54 98 19.6

 Suburban .................................... 927 Q 34 44 129 135 207 359 49 78 144 14.4

 Rural ............................................. 433 Q 24 44 95 88 95 82 37 67 106 14.7

Household Size

 1 Person ....................................... 197 Q 23 24 52 47 27 18 18 25 48 18.7

 2 Persons ...................................... 602 Q 28 45 123 87 133 175 28 41 85 15.4

 3 Persons ...................................... 379 Q Q 22 61 56 76 145 25 37 70 20.1

 4 Persons ...................................... 355 Q Q 17 42 53 95 137 24 36 64 22.6

 5 Persons ...................................... 176 Q Q Q 23 29 44 57 Q 37 50 28.1

 6 or More Persons ........................ 84 Q Q Q Q 15 Q 35 Q Q 30 43.0

Household Composition

 Households with Children ............. 796 Q 22 53 114 134 188 272 76 116 193 13.8

 Age of Oldest Child

 Under 7 Years ........................... 206 Q Q Q 35 27 49 74 Q 25 44 26.7

 7 to 15 Years ............................ 399 Q Q 33 52 75 91 131 42 64 109 16.9

 16 or 17 Years .......................... 191 Q Q Q 27 32 48 67 Q 27 40 29.6

 Households Without Children ....... 997 23 55 75 196 153 201 294 56 82 155 11.3

 One Adult .................................... 197 Q 23 24 52 47 27 18 18 25 48 18.7

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ....................... 53 Q Q Q 16 16 QQQQQ 36.3

 35 to 59 Years ........................ 85 Q Q Q 22 19 17 QQQQ 29.4

 60 Years or More .................... 60 Q 13 13 14 12 Q Q 8 13 24 22.6

 Two or More Adults ..................... 800 Q 31 51 144 106 174 276 38 57 107 14.2

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ....................... 174 Q Q Q 32 20 38 46 Q Q Q 34.2

 35 to 59 Years ........................ 393 Q Q Q 53 50 89 178 Q 19 32 20.4

 60 Years or More .................... 232 Q 10 25 59 36 48 52 Q 18 40 20.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 65
Table 5.7. U.S. Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Family Income, 1994 (Continued)

 (Billion Miles)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

1993 Family Income

Below Poverty

Line Eligible

for

Federal

Assistance1

RSE

Row

Factor:

Less

than

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

or

More

100

Percent

125

Percent

0.4 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.1 0.9

Race of Householder

 White ............................................. 1,592 27 60 105 272 255 358 514 97 155 280 9.4

 Black ............................................. 125 Q Q Q 24 21 19 33 Q 24 40 35.0

 Other ............................................. 77 Q Q Q Q Q 13 19 Q Q 27 48.2

Hispanic Descent

 Yes ................................................ 122 Q Q Q 23 20 22 30 Q Q 36 36.2

 No ................................................. 1,671 33 70 110 287 268 367 536 112 171 311 8.9

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 .................................................... 334 Q 41 52 84 69 46 29 54 70 112 13.4

 2 .................................................... 1,061 Q 28 64 188 171 251 349 54 90 176 13.1

 3 .................................................... 267 Q Q Q 30 34 64 122 Q Q 37 27.7

 4 or More ...................................... 124 Q Q Q Q Q 28 66 Q Q 18 38.2

Age of Primary Driver

 16 to 17 Years .............................. 11 QQQQQQQQQQ 94.0

 18 to 22 Years .............................. 56 Q Q Q Q Q 13 24 Q Q Q 34.6

 23 to 29 Years .............................. 111 Q Q Q 26 23 19 26 Q Q 25 24.9

 30 to 39 Years .............................. 276 Q Q 10 38 48 72 100 13 25 45 17.1

 40 to 49 Years .............................. 276 Q Q 9 36 44 64 118 8 19 34 18.3

 50 to 59 Years .............................. 174 Q Q Q 26 27 42 66 Q Q 19 23.3

 60 to 69 Years .............................. 99 Q Q 10 23 20 22 19 Q 10 17 23.6

 70 to 79 Years .............................. 68 Q 6 10 23 8 9 10 Q 8 18 24.8

 80 Years and Over ........................ 16 Q Q Q 6 QQQQQ 5 41.2

 Don’t Know ................................... 707 Q Q 70 124 103 146 198 81 108 175 22.8

Sex of Primary Driver

 Female .......................................... 506 Q 20 34 86 77 114 169 32 51 89 10.4

 Male .............................................. 581 Q 15 24 100 108 130 198 20 41 84 12.6

 Don’t Know ................................... 706 Q Q 70 123 103 146 198 81 107 174 22.9

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .......................... QQQQQQQQQQQ NF

 Only 1 ........................................... 306 Q 36 52 70 57 46 32 52 69 114 14.9

 Between 1 and 2 ........................... 107 Q Q Q 26 22 22 20 Q 16 27 35.4

 Only 2 ........................................... 659 Q 19 40 123 113 142 211 40 67 116 14.6

 Between 2 and 3 ........................... 163 Q Q Q 22 24 47 61 Q 13 19 26.8

 Only 3 ........................................... 274 Q Q 16 36 38 78 99 13 19 33 24.6

 Between 3 and 4 ........................... 100 Q Q Q 13 Q 23 46 Q Q Q 38.9

 4 or More ...................................... 169 Q Q Q 16 27 30 95 Q Q Q 36.7

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year

 1994 to 1995 ................................. 103 Q Q Q 15 15 27 41 Q Q Q 26.8

 1993 .............................................. 142 Q Q Q 17 21 34 62 Q Q Q 24.1

 1992 .............................................. 149 Q Q 11 16 22 34 62 Q Q 22 22.2

 1989 to 1991 ................................. 436 Q Q 20 68 62 101 161 26 37 67 15.0

 1986 to 1988 ................................. 411 Q Q 28 73 67 90 130 22 40 71 14.7

 1983 to 1985 ................................. 270 Q 16 25 55 44 58 64 28 41 76 18.0

 1980 to 1982 ................................. 107 Q Q 13 24 19 21 19 Q 24 35 29.8

 1977 to 1979 ................................. 88 Q Q 11 21 20 13 13 Q 20 30 36.2

 1976 or Earlier .............................. 87 Q Q Q 21 18 13 14 Q Q 26 37.5

See footnotes at end of table.

66 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.7. U.S. Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Family Income, 1994 (Continued)

 (Billion Miles)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

1993 Family Income

Below Poverty

Line Eligible

for

Federal

Assistance1

RSE

Row

Factor:

Less

than

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

or

More

100

Percent

125

Percent

0.4 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.1 0.9

Type of Vehicle

 Passenger Car .............................. 1,200 29 61 96 217 186 244 367 103 148 257 9.9

 Minivan ......................................... 108 Q Q Q 14 19 29 40 Q Q Q 24.8

 Sport Utility ................................... 121 Q Q Q 16 17 29 54 Q Q 11 27.8

 Large Van ..................................... 40 Q Q Q Q Q Q 13 Q Q Q 42.6

 Pickup Truck ................................. 320 Q Q 21 57 59 78 90 Q 30 56 16.9

 Other ............................................. QQQQQQQQQQQ NF

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

 10.9 or Less .................................. 39 Q Q 5 8 6 5 10 Q Q 13 34.2

 11 to 12.9 ...................................... 79 Q Q Q 20 16 15 15 Q 11 20 32.5

 13 to 15.9 ...................................... 183 Q 9 12 31 34 43 49 16 22 37 22.7

 16 to 18.9 ...................................... 278 Q 12 18 51 39 62 94 18 32 51 15.8

 19 to 21.9 ...................................... 423 Q Q 26 62 71 92 153 24 35 68 17.9

 22 to 24.9 ...................................... 361 Q Q 20 56 54 79 128 25 36 63 16.7

 25 to 29.9 ...................................... 324 Q Q 28 67 51 71 86 Q 41 73 15.0

 30 or More .................................... 105 Q Q Q Q Q 22 31 Q Q 23 34.3

Engine Size (liters)

 2.49 or Less .................................. 699 Q 35 54 123 109 145 212 62 89 148 13.0

 2.50 to 3.49 ................................... 364 Q Q 22 51 59 84 129 19 29 59 15.7

 3.50 to 4.49 ................................... 283 Q Q 18 47 43 63 99 18 27 47 20.6

 4.50 or Greater ............................. 448 Q 22 34 89 76 97 125 33 54 93 14.8

Number of Cylinders

 4 .................................................... 713 Q 33 56 124 116 149 216 60 88 147 12.0

 6 .................................................... 631 Q 20 40 95 99 146 220 38 59 107 12.8

 8 .................................................... 435 Q 22 31 88 70 94 124 34 52 91 15.8

 Other ............................................. 14 QQQQQQQQQQ 70.9

Type of Transmission

 Automatic ...................................... 1,337 24 60 99 239 204 280 430 104 153 270 9.2

 Manual Shift .................................. 456 Q Q 29 71 83 110 136 29 45 77 17.8

Type of Drive

 Front-Wheel .................................. 891 20 42 64 145 136 192 290 71 100 179 10.6

 Rear-Wheel ................................... 693 Q 30 51 132 118 146 202 52 80 141 14.8

 4-Wheel ........................................ 209 Q Q 12 32 33 51 73 Q 18 27 22.6

Type of Fuel System

 Carburetor ..................................... 802 Q 49 74 159 138 159 203 84 121 201 12.8

 Fuel Injection ................................ 966 Q 27 53 147 146 225 353 47 75 142 10.9

 Diesel Engine ................................ 25 QQQQQQQQQQ 55.1

Type of Fuel Purchased

 Motor Gasoline ............................. 1,752 34 76 124 302 280 380 555 130 192 339 9.0

 Unleaded .................................... 1,736 33 75 123 297 277 379 552 127 189 334 9.0

 Regular Grade .......................... 1,199 Q 59 89 206 193 252 379 93 135 240 10.5

 Intermediate Grade ................... 238 Q Q 15 35 36 62 79 Q 20 37 20.5

 Premium Grade ........................ 299 Q Q 18 55 48 65 94 21 34 58 18.6

 Leaded ........................................ QQQQQQQQQQQ NF

 Gasohol ........................................ 17 QQQQQQQQQQ 70.3

 Diesel Fuel .................................... 22 QQQQQQQQQQ 61.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 67
Table 5.7. U.S. Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Family Income, 1994 (Continued)

 (Billion Miles)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

1993 Family Income

Below Poverty

Line Eligible

for

Federal

Assistance1

RSE

Row

Factor:

Less

than

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

or

More

100

Percent

125

Percent

0.4 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.1 0.9

Type of Primary Service

 Full-Service Pumps ....................... 137 Q Q 11 18 20 33 41 Q 18 33 33.2

 Self or Mini-Service Pumps .......... 1,624 31 66 114 285 263 349 516 116 179 308 9.4

 Both Equally .................................. 30 QQQQQQQQQQ 77.9

 Bulk Sales/Other ........................... QQQQQQQQQQQ NF

Vehicle Used for Commuting

to and from Work

 Yes ................................................ 1,175 Q 39 67 187 187 258 420 74 109 199 10.7

 No ................................................. 618 17 38 61 123 101 132 146 59 89 148 12.3

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the Relative

Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in

this table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and Forms

EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

68 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.8. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Family Income, 1994

 (Billion Gallons)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

1993 Family Income

Below Poverty

Line Eligible

for

Federal

Assistance1

RSE

Row

Factor:

Less

than

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

or

More

100

Percent

125

Percent

0.4 2.4 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.9

Household Characteristics

Total ............................................... 90.6 1.7 4.0 6.6 16.0 14.7 19.5 28.1 6.9 10.3 17.9 8.8

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ...................................... 14.5 Q Q 0.8 2.0 2.2 3.6 5.2 0.8 1.2 2.4 19.0

 New England .............................. 4.1 Q Q Q Q Q 0.8 1.7 Q Q 0.7 32.6

 Middle Atlantic ............................ 10.4 Q Q 0.6 1.5 1.6 2.8 3.5 Q 0.9 1.7 22.2

 Midwest ......................................... 23.8 Q 1.0 2.0 4.8 3.8 5.4 6.6 1.6 2.9 4.7 14.7

 East North Central ...................... 16.7 Q 0.8 1.2 3.0 2.6 3.5 5.4 1.2 1.9 3.3 19.0

 West North Central ..................... 7.2 Q Q 0.8 1.8 1.2 1.9 1.2 Q 0.9 1.4 20.9

 South ............................................ 33.5 Q 1.9 2.0 6.0 6.0 7.2 9.9 2.5 3.7 6.4 15.2

 South Atlantic .............................. 17.1 Q Q 1.1 3.1 2.6 3.6 5.5 1.3 1.8 3.4 21.1

 East South Central ...................... 6.3 Q Q Q 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.6 Q 0.9 1.3 27.5

 West South Central ..................... 10.1 Q Q Q 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.9 Q 1.0 1.7 24.5

 West .............................................. 18.8 Q 0.8 1.8 3.2 2.7 3.3 6.3 2.1 2.6 4.4 21.1

 Mountain ..................................... 5.9 Q Q Q 1.6 0.9 0.7 1.6 Q Q 1.3 37.3

 Pacific ......................................... 12.9 Q Q 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.6 4.7 Q 1.7 3.1 26.6

Largest Populated States

 California ........................................ 9.5 Q Q Q 1.1 1.2 2.0 3.7 Q Q 2.0 32.1

 Florida ............................................ 5.1 Q Q Q 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.3 Q Q Q 24.6

 New York ....................................... 4.3 Q Q Q Q 0.6 1.0 1.8 Q Q Q 31.3

 Texas ............................................. 6.6 Q Q Q 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.8 Q Q 1.1 27.8

Urban Status

 Urban ............................................ 67.5 1.4 2.7 4.2 10.7 10.1 14.5 23.9 4.9 6.7 12.1 10.7

 Central City ................................. 21.4 Q 1.0 2.0 4.2 3.2 4.2 6.2 2.3 2.7 4.9 19.8

 Suburban .................................... 46.1 Q 1.7 2.2 6.5 6.9 10.2 17.7 2.6 4.0 7.2 14.2

 Rural ............................................. 23.1 Q 1.2 2.4 5.3 4.6 5.0 4.2 2.0 3.7 5.8 15.0

Household Size

 1 Person ....................................... 9.6 Q 1.2 1.2 2.5 2.2 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.3 2.4 18.4

 2 Persons ...................................... 30.6 Q 1.4 2.4 6.4 4.4 6.7 8.8 1.5 2.2 4.3 14.9

 3 Persons ...................................... 18.9 Q Q 1.1 3.0 3.0 3.7 7.1 1.3 1.9 3.5 19.9

 4 Persons ...................................... 18.1 Q Q 0.8 2.3 2.7 4.7 6.9 1.2 1.8 3.3 22.5

 5 Persons ...................................... 9.1 Q Q Q 1.2 1.6 2.3 2.7 Q 1.9 2.7 28.8

 6 or More Persons ........................ 4.2 Q Q Q Q 0.8 Q 1.7 Q Q 1.6 43.8

Household Composition

 Households with Children ............. 40.4 Q 1.2 2.7 5.9 7.0 9.4 13.6 4.0 6.1 10.0 14.3

 Age of Oldest Child

 Under 7 Years ........................... 10.3 Q Q Q 1.8 1.4 2.5 3.6 Q 1.3 2.2 27.3

 7 to 15 Years ............................ 20.5 Q Q 1.7 2.7 4.0 4.5 6.7 2.2 3.4 5.7 17.0

 16 or 17 Years .......................... 9.6 Q Q Q 1.4 1.6 2.4 3.3 Q 1.4 2.1 30.8

 Households Without Children ....... 50.2 1.1 2.8 3.9 10.1 7.7 10.2 14.5 2.9 4.3 7.9 11.2

 One Adult .................................... 9.6 Q 1.2 1.2 2.5 2.2 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.3 2.4 18.4

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ....................... 2.4 Q Q Q 0.7 0.7 QQQQQ 37.0

 35 to 59 Years ........................ 4.1 Q Q Q 1.1 0.9 0.8 QQQQ 29.2

 60 Years or More .................... 3.0 Q 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 Q Q 0.4 0.7 1.3 22.5

 Two or More Adults ..................... 40.6 Q 1.6 2.7 7.5 5.5 8.8 13.7 2.0 3.0 5.5 14.0

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ....................... 8.1 Q Q Q 1.5 0.9 1.8 2.1 Q Q Q 33.1

 35 to 59 Years ........................ 20.2 Q Q Q 2.7 2.6 4.6 9.0 Q 1.1 1.7 21.8

 60 Years or More .................... 12.4 Q 0.6 1.4 3.2 2.0 2.5 2.6 Q 1.1 2.3 20.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 69
Table 5.8. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Family Income, 1994 (Continued)

 (Billion Gallons)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

1993 Family Income

Below Poverty

Line Eligible

for

Federal

Assistance1

RSE

Row

Factor:

Less

than

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

or

More

100

Percent

125

Percent

0.4 2.4 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.9

Race of Householder

 White ............................................. 80.5 1.3 3.0 5.4 14.1 13.2 17.9 25.6 5.0 8.0 14.3 9.5

 Black ............................................. 6.3 Q Q Q 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.6 Q 1.4 2.2 34.9

 Other ............................................. 3.7 Q Q Q Q Q 0.6 0.9 Q Q 1.4 48.7

Hispanic Descent

 Yes ................................................ 6.2 Q Q Q 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.5 Q Q 1.8 37.2

 No ................................................. 84.4 1.6 3.6 5.7 14.9 13.6 18.4 26.6 5.9 8.9 16.1 9.0

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 .................................................... 16.5 Q 2.1 2.6 4.2 3.2 2.2 1.5 2.7 3.4 5.6 13.9

 2 .................................................... 54.3 Q 1.4 3.3 9.9 8.9 12.7 17.6 2.9 4.9 9.1 12.8

 3 .................................................... 13.4 Q Q Q 1.5 1.9 3.2 5.9 Q Q 2.0 27.5

 4 or More ...................................... 6.0 Q Q Q Q Q 1.3 3.2 Q Q 0.8 39.6

Age of Primary Driver

 16 to 17 Years .............................. 0.5 QQQQQQQQQQ 93.8

 18 to 22 Years .............................. 2.5 Q Q Q Q Q 0.6 1.0 Q Q Q 35.7

 23 to 29 Years .............................. 5.1 Q Q Q 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.2 Q Q 1.1 25.5

 30 to 39 Years .............................. 14.0 Q Q 0.6 2.0 2.6 3.6 4.9 0.7 1.3 2.4 17.5

 40 to 49 Years .............................. 14.0 Q Q 0.4 1.8 2.2 3.2 6.1 0.4 0.9 1.7 18.2

 50 to 59 Years .............................. 9.0 Q Q Q 1.4 1.5 2.1 3.4 Q Q 1.0 23.9

 60 to 69 Years .............................. 5.3 Q Q 0.5 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 Q 0.6 1.0 23.8

 70 to 79 Years .............................. 3.7 Q 0.3 0.6 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 Q 0.5 1.0 24.6

 80 Years and Over ........................ 0.9 Q Q Q 0.4 Q Q Q Q Q 0.3 40.1

 Don’t Know ................................... 35.6 Q Q 3.6 6.4 5.1 7.3 9.9 4.1 5.5 8.9 22.5

Sex of Primary Driver

 Female .......................................... 23.5 Q 1.0 1.6 3.9 3.7 5.2 7.9 1.6 2.4 4.1 10.5

 Male .............................................. 31.5 Q 0.9 1.4 5.7 5.9 7.0 10.2 1.3 2.4 4.9 13.3

 Don’t Know ................................... 35.6 Q Q 3.6 6.4 5.1 7.3 9.9 4.1 5.5 8.9 22.6

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .......................... QQQQQQQQQQQ NF

 Only 1 ........................................... 14.8 Q 1.9 2.5 3.4 2.6 2.2 1.6 2.6 3.4 5.7 15.0

 Between 1 and 2 ........................... 5.4 Q Q Q 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 Q 0.8 1.4 35.2

 Only 2 ........................................... 32.9 Q 1.1 2.1 6.4 5.8 6.9 10.3 2.1 3.6 6.2 15.0

 Between 2 and 3 ........................... 8.5 Q Q Q 1.2 1.2 2.5 3.1 Q 0.8 1.1 27.0

 Only 3 ........................................... 14.5 Q Q 1.0 2.0 2.1 4.1 5.0 0.8 1.1 1.8 24.8

 Between 3 and 4 ........................... 4.9 Q Q Q 0.6 Q 1.2 2.4 Q Q Q 40.0

 4 or More ...................................... 8.7 Q Q Q 0.9 1.4 1.5 4.8 Q Q Q 36.2

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year

 1994 to 1995 ................................. 5.0 Q Q Q 0.7 0.7 1.3 2.1 Q Q Q 26.6

 1993 .............................................. 6.6 Q Q Q 0.7 1.0 1.5 3.0 Q Q Q 23.7

 1992 .............................................. 6.9 Q Q 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.6 2.9 Q Q 0.9 22.4

 1989 to 1991 ................................. 20.7 Q Q 0.9 3.2 2.9 4.9 7.6 1.2 1.7 3.0 15.1

 1986 to 1988 ................................. 19.0 Q 0.8 1.3 3.3 3.1 4.3 6.1 1.0 1.8 3.2 15.3

 1983 to 1985 ................................. 13.3 Q 0.8 1.2 2.8 2.2 2.9 3.2 1.2 1.9 3.6 17.8

 1980 to 1982 ................................. 5.6 Q Q 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 Q 1.2 1.8 28.3

 1977 to 1979 ................................. 6.3 Q Q 0.8 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.0 Q 1.4 2.2 34.6

 1976 or Earlier .............................. 7.2 Q Q Q 1.8 1.5 1.0 1.2 Q Q 2.2 36.8

See footnotes at end of table.

70 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.8. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Family Income, 1994 (Continued)

 (Billion Gallons)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

1993 Family Income

Below Poverty

Line Eligible

for

Federal

Assistance1

RSE

Row

Factor:

Less

than

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

or

More

100

Percent

125

Percent

0.4 2.4 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.9

Type of Vehicle

 Passenger Car .............................. 54.7 1.3 2.9 4.6 10.1 8.6 10.8 16.5 4.9 7.0 12.1 9.9

 Minivan ......................................... 5.5 Q Q Q 0.7 0.9 1.5 2.0 Q Q Q 24.7

 Sport Utility ................................... 7.4 Q Q Q 1.0 1.1 1.8 3.2 Q Q 0.7 27.5

 Large Van ..................................... 2.9 Q Q Q Q Q Q 0.9 Q Q Q 42.2

 Pickup Truck ................................. 19.6 Q Q 1.3 3.6 3.6 4.8 5.3 Q 2.0 3.6 17.1

 Other ............................................. QQQQQQQQQQQ NF

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

 10.9 or Less .................................. 4.1 Q Q 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.6 1.1 Q Q 1.4 33.8

 11 to 12.9 ...................................... 6.5 Q Q Q 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 Q 1.0 1.7 32.3

 13 to 15.9 ...................................... 12.6 Q 0.6 0.8 2.1 2.3 3.0 3.4 1.1 1.5 2.5 22.6

 16 to 18.9 ...................................... 15.9 Q 0.7 1.0 2.9 2.3 3.5 5.3 1.0 1.8 2.9 15.8

 19 to 21.9 ...................................... 20.8 Q Q 1.3 3.1 3.5 4.5 7.5 1.2 1.7 3.3 17.8

 22 to 24.9 ...................................... 15.5 Q Q 0.9 2.4 2.3 3.4 5.5 1.1 1.5 2.7 16.6

 25 to 29.9 ...................................... 12.0 Q Q 1.1 2.5 1.9 2.6 3.2 Q 1.5 2.7 14.8

 30 or More .................................... 3.2 Q Q Q Q Q 0.7 0.9 Q Q 0.7 34.9

Engine Size (liters)

 2.49 or Less .................................. 27.4 Q 1.4 2.1 4.8 4.3 5.7 8.5 2.5 3.5 5.7 12.5

 2.50 to 3.49 ................................... 17.5 Q Q 1.1 2.4 2.9 4.0 6.2 0.9 1.4 2.9 15.3

 3.50 to 4.49 ................................... 15.1 Q Q 1.0 2.6 2.3 3.3 5.2 1.0 1.5 2.6 20.2

 4.50 or Greater ............................. 30.6 Q 1.6 2.4 6.2 5.3 6.5 8.2 2.5 3.9 6.7 14.7

Number of Cylinders

 4 .................................................... 28.3 Q 1.4 2.2 4.9 4.6 5.9 8.7 2.4 3.5 5.8 11.5

 6 .................................................... 32.3 Q 1.1 2.1 4.9 5.2 7.3 11.2 2.0 3.1 5.6 12.6

 8 .................................................... 29.4 Q 1.5 2.3 6.1 4.8 6.3 8.0 2.5 3.7 6.4 15.6

 Other ............................................. 0.5 QQQQQQQQQQ 71.9

Type of Transmission

 Automatic ...................................... 69.8 1.3 3.3 5.3 12.6 10.9 14.6 22.0 5.6 8.2 14.5 9.5

 Manual Shift .................................. 20.7 Q Q 1.3 3.4 3.8 5.0 6.1 1.3 2.1 3.4 17.9

Type of Drive

 Front-Wheel .................................. 38.1 0.8 1.9 2.7 6.2 5.8 8.2 12.5 3.1 4.3 7.7 10.6

 Rear-Wheel ................................... 39.7 Q 1.8 3.1 7.8 6.9 8.2 11.2 3.2 4.9 8.4 14.2

 4-Wheel ........................................ 12.7 Q Q 0.7 2.0 2.1 3.1 4.4 Q 1.1 1.7 22.6

Type of Fuel System

 Carburetor ..................................... 43.9 Q 2.7 4.2 8.9 7.7 8.5 10.7 4.7 6.8 11.2 12.8

 Fuel Injection ................................ 45.3 Q 1.2 2.4 6.8 6.8 10.7 16.8 2.1 3.4 6.5 10.9

 Diesel Engine ................................ 1.4 QQQQQQQQQQ 56.9

Type of Fuel Purchased

 Motor Gasoline ............................. 88.3 1.7 3.9 6.4 15.5 14.3 19.0 27.5 6.8 9.9 17.4 9.2

 Unleaded .................................... 87.0 1.6 3.8 6.3 15.0 14.1 18.9 27.3 6.6 9.7 17.0 9.2

 Regular Grade .......................... 59.9 Q 3.0 4.6 10.5 9.8 12.5 18.4 4.9 7.0 12.2 10.6

 Intermediate Grade ................... 11.7 Q Q 0.7 1.7 1.8 3.1 3.9 Q 1.0 1.8 20.4

 Premium Grade ........................ 15.4 Q Q 1.0 2.8 2.6 3.3 4.9 1.1 1.7 3.1 18.3

 Leaded ........................................ QQQQQQQQQQQ NF

 Gasohol ........................................ 0.9 QQQQQQQQQQ 73.9

 Diesel Fuel .................................... 1.2 QQQQQQQQQQ 63.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 71
Table 5.8. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Family Income, 1994 (Continued)

 (Billion Gallons)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

1993 Family Income

Below Poverty

Line Eligible

for

Federal

Assistance1

RSE

Row

Factor:

Less

than

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

or

More

100

Percent

125

Percent

0.4 2.4 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.9

Type of Primary Service

 Full-Service Pumps ....................... 6.8 Q Q 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 Q 0.9 1.7 31.7

 Self or Mini-Service Pumps .......... 82.0 1.5 3.4 5.9 14.6 13.4 17.6 25.6 6.1 9.2 15.7 9.6

 Both Equally .................................. 1.6 QQQQQQQQQQ 79.3

 Bulk Sales/Other ........................... QQQQQQQQQQQ NF

Vehicle Used for Commuting

to and from Work

 Yes ................................................ 58.2 Q 2.0 3.4 9.4 9.3 12.8 20.6 3.7 5.5 10.0 10.9

 No ................................................. 32.4 0.8 2.0 3.2 6.6 5.4 6.8 7.5 3.2 4.8 7.9 12.3

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the Relative

Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in

this table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and Forms

EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

72 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.9. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Family Income, 1994

 (Thousand Miles per Household)

1993 Household

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

1993 Family Income

Below Poverty

Line Eligible

for

Federal

Assistance1

RSE

Row

Factor:

Less

than

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

or

More

100

Percent

125

Percent

0.3 2.8 1.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.4 1.2 0.9

Household Characteristics

Total ............................................... 21.1 16.1 12.2 14.3 18.1 21.6 23.6 27.6 14.7 15.3 16.1 5.4

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ...................................... 20.3 19.5 Q 11.9 16.7 21.2 22.3 24.2 15.3 15.6 15.4 11.3

 New England .............................. 20.5 Q Q Q 15.1 26.9 23.9 24.2 Q Q 12.5 14.6

 Middle Atlantic ............................ 20.2 20.7 Q 11.9 17.4 19.5 21.8 24.2 16.4 16.5 16.8 12.1

 Midwest ......................................... 22.2 Q 12.7 16.2 19.3 20.9 24.8 31.1 17.2 17.7 16.8 9.1

 East North Central ...................... 22.2 Q 14.4 15.0 18.5 21.0 23.2 31.8 18.4 18.6 16.9 12.1

 West North Central ..................... 22.2 Q 9.0 18.6 20.9 20.8 28.3 28.3 14.3 16.1 16.5 11.9

 South ............................................ 21.7 12.2 12.3 12.6 18.8 23.1 25.6 29.7 12.1 13.3 15.7 8.4

 South Atlantic .............................. 22.4 11.2 17.2 12.7 20.4 22.3 24.5 30.1 12.6 13.5 17.7 11.0

 East South Central ...................... 22.2 Q Q Q 19.1 24.4 25.7 33.1 15.5 15.9 16.3 20.1

 West South Central ..................... 20.3 Q 8.5 12.5 16.5 23.3 27.5 27.2 9.7 11.5 12.2 15.5

 West .............................................. 19.6 Q 11.8 16.1 16.2 19.7 20.0 25.0 16.8 16.0 16.4 13.6

 Mountain ..................................... 19.6 Q 11.3 16.5 17.6 24.0 19.6 24.4 16.0 15.4 15.1 21.8

 Pacific ......................................... 19.6 Q 12.2 16.0 15.2 18.3 20.1 25.2 17.3 16.4 17.1 18.3

Largest Populated States

 California ....................................... 19.8 Q Q 14.9 16.0 17.4 21.3 24.7 17.8 16.5 16.0 24.6

 Florida ........................................... 20.9 Q Q Q 18.7 21.3 24.0 25.9 Q Q Q 19.7

 New York ...................................... 18.7 Q Q 12.0 14.6 19.9 17.7 23.6 Q 13.5 13.9 20.3

 Texas ............................................ 20.3 Q Q 14.2 16.4 23.7 26.9 24.8 Q 13.0 14.0 19.9

Urban Status

 Urban ............................................ 20.7 17.6 12.7 13.4 17.2 20.4 22.2 27.1 15.0 14.9 15.9 6.6

 Central City ................................. 18.0 16.8 11.1 12.6 16.6 17.7 20.3 23.3 14.7 13.5 14.3 10.9

 Suburban .................................... 22.3 18.3 13.9 14.3 17.6 22.0 23.1 28.8 15.3 16.1 17.3 8.2

 Rural ............................................. 22.5 10.4 11.2 16.5 20.7 24.7 29.3 31.2 14.1 16.0 16.4 9.4

Household Size

 1 Person ....................................... 11.6 10.7 7.9 8.9 12.4 15.1 12.2 14.6 8.8 8.3 8.9 12.5

 2 Persons ...................................... 20.0 15.1 17.3 14.4 17.6 19.2 22.4 24.3 13.9 13.9 14.9 8.7

 3 Persons ...................................... 25.2 17.1 14.7 17.8 22.8 26.6 26.1 29.9 15.4 16.6 18.1 11.2

 4 Persons ...................................... 26.6 Q 12.7 21.1 23.9 25.8 26.8 30.7 17.1 19.3 21.2 11.6

 5 Persons ...................................... 26.3 Q Q 18.3 22.5 25.7 30.4 30.1 20.0 20.5 21.0 13.7

 6 or More Persons ........................ 30.9 Q Q Q 18.1 39.3 30.7 40.5 20.0 20.4 23.7 27.9

Household Composition

 Households with Children ............. 24.8 17.1 13.5 17.3 21.5 26.5 26.2 29.7 16.6 17.7 19.5 7.3

 Age of Oldest Child

 Under 7 Years ........................... 22.4 13.4 Q 17.2 20.7 21.9 22.9 26.6 15.4 16.6 17.7 13.8

 7 to 15 Years ............................ 24.2 Q 12.4 17.5 21.0 27.1 26.6 27.7 16.2 17.6 19.4 8.5

 16 or 17 Years .......................... 29.9 Q 17.1 16.8 24.0 30.4 29.9 40.2 19.5 18.9 22.2 16.5

 Households Without Children ....... 18.9 15.7 11.7 12.8 16.6 18.5 21.6 26.0 12.8 12.8 13.2 6.9

 One Adult .................................... 11.6 10.7 7.9 8.9 12.4 15.1 12.2 14.6 8.8 8.3 8.9 12.5

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ....................... 15.6 Q Q Q 17.4 20.6 14.2 Q Q Q 11.3 34.0

 35 to 59 Years ........................ 12.8 Q 9.8 9.9 12.4 14.3 12.9 16.6 11.1 10.3 10.8 19.0

 60 Years or More .................... 8.6 8.4 7.1 7.5 9.4 11.8 7.3 Q 7.0 7.3 7.5 16.7

 Two or More Adults ..................... 22.4 19.2 18.2 16.1 18.8 20.6 24.5 27.4 16.4 17.0 16.8 8.6

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ....................... 24.4 Q Q 20.8 24.5 24.0 23.3 25.9 Q 19.7 23.2 21.4

 35 to 59 Years ........................ 26.2 Q 13.2 22.7 21.1 23.2 27.2 30.7 15.9 19.0 18.2 13.3

 60 Years or More .................... 17.1 Q 14.0 12.7 15.4 16.7 21.4 20.8 13.7 13.5 13.0 14.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 73
Table 5.9. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Family Income, 1994 (Continued)

 (Thousand Miles per Household)

1993 Household

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

1993 Family Income

Below Poverty

Line Eligible

for

Federal

Assistance1

RSE

Row

Factor:

Less

than

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

or

More

100

Percent

125

Percent

0.3 2.8 1.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.4 1.2 0.9

Race of Householder

 White ............................................. 21.7 16.2 12.6 14.6 18.6 21.6 24.0 28.0 15.1 16.2 16.9 5.7

 Black ............................................. 17.1 13.8 10.1 11.5 14.9 21.3 20.4 25.8 12.3 11.6 12.8 20.0

 Other ............................................. 17.8 Q Q Q 15.4 Q 18.5 22.2 Q 14.8 14.6 29.9

Hispanic Descent

 Yes ................................................ 19.5 Q Q 18.3 16.7 22.2 21.0 23.6 Q 16.8 17.0 19.8

 No ................................................. 21.3 16.4 12.1 13.8 18.2 21.5 23.8 27.9 14.5 15.1 16.0 5.6

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 .................................................... 12.3 12.6 9.4 10.4 12.2 15.6 12.9 14.9 11.4 10.8 10.8 9.2

 2 .................................................... 23.2 16.8 20.4 19.1 21.2 23.2 24.3 25.3 17.6 18.6 20.0 6.4

 3 .................................................... 33.1 Q Q 29.0 29.6 29.7 32.5 37.0 28.2 29.4 29.4 17.1

 4 or More ...................................... 43.0 QQQQ 41.1 44.5 47.6 Q 31.0 35.7 25.1

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .......................... 5.9 QQQQQQQQQQ 114.6

 Only 1 ........................................... 10.7 11.2 9.1 10.1 10.1 12.6 11.2 11.9 10.7 10.3 10.2 8.3

 Between 1 and 2 ........................... 19.5 Q 16.1 17.6 18.1 20.1 22.8 21.3 16.9 17.6 18.5 18.1

 Only 2 ........................................... 23.2 24.6 19.9 20.7 21.6 24.1 23.5 24.3 22.2 22.7 21.7 6.9

 Between 2 and 3 ........................... 29.1 Q Q Q 28.7 27.9 30.6 29.5 Q 30.0 29.2 10.8

 Only 3 ........................................... 32.6 Q Q 29.0 31.4 33.7 32.7 33.1 30.3 32.6 33.3 11.7

 Between 3 and 4 ........................... 44.3 QQQQQ 38.0 46.7 Q Q Q 13.1

 4 or More ...................................... 50.0 Q Q Q 49.2 53.7 45.3 50.8 Q Q Q 16.8

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the Relative

Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in

this table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and Forms

EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

74 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.10. U.S. Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Family Income, 1994

 (Gallons per Household)

1993 Household

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

1993 Family Income

Below Poverty

Line Eligible

for

Federal

Assistance1

RSE

Row

Factor:

Less

than

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

or

More

100

Percent

125

Percent

0.3 2.5 2.0 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.4 1.2 0.9

Household Characteristics

Total ............................................... 1,067 781 631 739 934 1,102 1,182 1,372 769 795 828 5.9

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ...................................... 982 791 Q 556 839 1,052 1,073 1,164 674 703 742 11.7

 New England .............................. 1,006 Q Q 509 780 1,327 1,172 1,189 Q Q 631 18.6

 Middle Atlantic ............................ 973 836 Q 574 865 971 1,047 1,151 733 746 795 12.6

 Midwest ......................................... 1,104 Q 691 793 997 1,047 1,218 1,506 904 912 856 10.1

 East North Central ...................... 1,102 Q 809 729 923 1,074 1,138 1,550 991 952 869 13.4

 West North Central ..................... 1,110 Q 419 916 1,154 996 1,399 1,334 695 837 827 13.6

 South ............................................ 1,109 627 626 664 963 1,189 1,322 1,486 651 715 807 8.5

 South Atlantic .............................. 1,111 614 787 654 1,026 1,099 1,233 1,466 689 717 868 11.8

 East South Central ...................... 1,167 Q 666 Q 973 1,252 1,392 1,668 875 905 932 16.3

 West South Central ..................... 1,073 Q 461 613 869 1,282 1,446 1,436 478 599 648 16.3

 West .............................................. 1,023 Q 621 905 861 1,050 1,010 1,289 904 866 883 13.8

 Mountain ..................................... 1,093 Q 657 920 987 1,385 1,128 1,341 866 860 828 21.6

 Pacific ......................................... 994 Q 599 899 765 939 984 1,272 925 869 909 18.6

Largest Populated States

 Califotnia ....................................... 1,000 Q Q 855 800 880 1,041 1,242 947 871 833 25.1

 Florida ........................................... 1,030 Q Q Q 871 1,059 1,207 1,243 Q Q Q 20.4

 New York ...................................... 898 Q Q 570 709 982 860 1,116 Q 630 666 19.5

 Texas ............................................ 1,076 Q Q 619 890 1,387 1,378 1,308 Q 686 732 20.4

Urban Status

 Urban ............................................ 1,029 835 650 671 853 1,032 1,093 1,338 767 756 799 7.2

 Central City ................................. 888 817 569 621 808 891 995 1,151 730 676 717 11.9

 Suburban .................................... 1,111 849 711 721 885 1,115 1,139 1,418 803 821 865 9.1

 Rural ............................................. 1,196 574 591 898 1,154 1,294 1,544 1,607 773 880 895 9.6

Household Size

 1 Person ....................................... 566 517 410 442 606 709 593 701 442 416 449 11.8

 2 Persons ...................................... 1,016 742 867 759 915 957 1,139 1,225 731 734 760 9.3

 3 Persons ...................................... 1,257 885 764 885 1,128 1,426 1,274 1,460 787 838 905 11.6

 4 Persons ...................................... 1,357 Q 670 1,027 1,336 1,327 1,341 1,549 846 990 1,098 12.3

 5 Persons ...................................... 1,359 Q Q 983 1,171 1,441 1,556 1,448 1,104 1,092 1,138 14.9

 6 or More Persons ........................ 1,566 Q Q Q 1,011 2,034 1,538 1,963 1,086 1,117 1,255 27.7

Household Composition

 Households with Children ............. 1,257 841 717 884 1,126 1,391 1,303 1,477 871 922 1,011 8.4

 Age of Oldest Child

 Under 7 Years ........................... 1,119 682 Q 868 1,072 1,139 1,150 1,290 759 845 893 15.1

 7 to 15 Years ............................ 1,240 Q 640 907 1,103 1,455 1,303 1,414 860 923 1,012 9.3

 16 or 17 Years .......................... 1,500 Q Q 819 1,258 1,515 1,510 1,968 1,071 1,001 1,171 17.5

 Households Without Children ....... 951 751 600 663 848 926 1,088 1,287 661 666 673 7.2

 One Adult .................................... 566 517 410 442 606 709 593 701 442 416 449 11.8

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ....................... 720 Q Q Q 796 967 696 Q Q Q 494 34.5

 35 to 59 Years ........................ 627 Q 558 507 604 665 627 782 572 536 575 18.6

 60 Years or More .................... 435 483 357 381 491 569 346 Q 374 375 390 16.0

 Two or More Adults ..................... 1,134 917 928 853 980 1,056 1,241 1,356 856 892 861 9.1

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ....................... 1,126 Q Q 1,023 1,185 1,032 1,093 1,206 Q 884 1,016 20.8

 35 to 59 Years ........................ 1,344 Q 701 1,230 1,083 1,218 1,405 1,547 829 1,037 962 15.3

 60 Years or More .................... 907 Q 898 684 843 905 1,111 1,024 831 791 729 14.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 75
Table 5.10. U.S. Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Family Income, 1994 (Continued)

 (Gallons per Household)

1993 Household

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

1993 Family Income

Below Poverty

Line Eligible

for

Federal

Assistance1

RSE

Row

Factor:

Less

than

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

or

More

100

Percent

125

Percent

0.3 2.5 2.0 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.4 1.2 0.9

Race of Householder

 White ............................................. 1,099 777 640 751 963 1,117 1,204 1,395 778 833 862 6.3

 Black ............................................. 865 708 592 612 758 967 1,049 1,264 689 655 695 20.2

 Other ............................................. 867 Q 624 Q 760 Q 886 1,038 Q 746 747 28.9

Hispanic Descent

 Yes ................................................ 990 Q Q 917 830 1,212 1,073 1,157 Q 853 860 21.3

 No ................................................. 1,073 793 623 717 942 1,094 1,189 1,386 758 787 824 6.1

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 .................................................... 606 606 492 515 606 734 628 768 569 534 543 9.9

 2 .................................................... 1,187 894 1,005 995 1,112 1,205 1,230 1,271 955 1,000 1,040 6.6

 3 .................................................... 1,667 Q Q 1,698 1,490 1,644 1,629 1,780 1,596 1,688 1,602 17.6

 4 or More ...................................... 2,071 QQQQ 1,999 2,146 2,282 Q 1,376 1,622 26.3

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .......................... 281 QQQQQQQQQQ 106.3

 Only 1 ........................................... 518 531 475 487 492 587 526 580 531 507 507 8.1

 Between 1 and 2 ........................... 990 Q 850 873 914 1,022 1,131 1,071 933 936 941 17.5

 Only 2 ........................................... 1,158 1,198 1,100 1,082 1,119 1,225 1,141 1,182 1,157 1,202 1,151 7.8

 Between 2 and 3 ........................... 1,522 Q Q Q 1,584 1,429 1,615 1,491 Q 1,772 1,678 11.2

 Only 3 ........................................... 1,726 Q Q 1,774 1,696 1,887 1,727 1,664 1,782 1,873 1,811 11.3

 Between 3 and 4 ........................... 2,183 QQQQQ 1,936 2,379 Q Q Q 15.0

 4 or More ...................................... 2,571 Q Q Q 2,815 2,904 2,277 2,556 Q Q Q 15.6

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the Relative

Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in

this table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and Forms

EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

76 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.11. U.S. Vehicles by Household Composition, 1994 

 (Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

Households with Children Households Without Children

RSE

Row

Factor:

Total

Age of Oldest Child

Total

One Adult--

Age of Householder

Two or More Adults--

Age of Householder

Under

7

Years

7

to

15

Years

16

or

17

Years

Under

35

Years

35

to

59

Years

60

Years

or

Over

Under

35

Years

35

to

59

Years

60

Years

or

Over

0.6 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.5 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 64.6 17.1 32.3 15.2 92.2 4.1 7.6 7.9 13.8 33.9 24.9 5.6

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ........................................... 10.9 3.2 4.9 2.7 15.7 0.7 1.3 1.3 2.1 5.7 4.6 11.6

 New England ................................... 3.3 1.1 1.6 0.6 4.3 Q Q 0.6 0.7 1.4 1.3 23.4

 Middle Atlantic ................................. 7.6 2.1 3.3 2.2 11.4 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.4 4.3 3.3 12.9

 Midwest ............................................. 17.1 4.3 8.5 4.3 24.0 1.3 1.8 2.3 3.6 8.1 6.9 12.3

 East North Central ........................... 12.2 2.9 5.9 3.4 16.8 0.8 1.3 1.6 2.4 6.4 4.3 14.3

 West North Central .......................... 4.9 1.4 2.6 0.9 7.2 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.2 1.7 2.7 22.3

 South ................................................. 23.2 5.9 11.6 5.7 32.8 1.3 2.7 2.8 5.1 12.3 8.5 9.6

 South Atlantic .................................. 10.6 3.1 4.8 2.7 17.9 0.5 1.5 1.4 3.0 6.9 4.5 14.6

 East South Central .......................... 4.5 0.6 2.8 1.1 6.6 Q 0.5 0.5 1.1 2.3 2.0 18.0

 West South Central ......................... 8.1 2.2 4.0 2.0 8.3 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.9 3.0 2.0 14.6

 West .................................................. 13.4 3.6 7.3 2.5 19.7 0.7 1.8 1.5 3.0 7.8 4.9 12.7

 Mountain ......................................... 4.5 1.3 2.7 0.5 5.3 Q 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.7 1.5 23.0

 Pacific .............................................. 8.9 2.3 4.6 2.0 14.4 0.5 1.5 0.9 2.0 6.2 3.4 14.9

Largest Populated States

 California ............................................ 7.0 1.9 3.5 1.5 10.0 Q 0.9 0.5 1.3 4.1 2.8 18.4

 Florida ............................................. 3.5 1.3 1.4 0.7 5.3 Q 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.9 1.5 23.9

 New York .......................................... 3.2 1.0 1.4 0.8 4.6 Q 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.6 1.4 18.6

 Texas ............................................ 5.1 1.3 2.5 1.3 5.9 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 2.1 1.7 17.8

Urban Status

 Urban ................................................ 49.1 13.6 24.1 11.5 70.3 3.3 6.4 5.0 11.7 25.9 17.9 6.8

 Central City ..................................... 15.8 5.3 7.7 2.8 24.2 1.6 2.4 1.9 4.3 8.2 6.0 11.9

 Suburban ......................................... 33.3 8.2 16.4 8.7 46.0 1.7 4.0 3.2 7.4 17.8 12.0 9.5

 Rural .................................................. 15.5 3.5 8.2 3.8 21.9 0.8 1.2 2.9 2.1 8.0 7.0 12.1

Household Size

 1 Person ............................................ QQQQ 19.5 4.1 7.6 7.9 Q Q Q 5.4

 2 Persons .......................................... 2.0 0.5 1.1 0.5 53.3 Q Q Q 11.4 21.3 20.6 12.6

 3 Persons .......................................... 18.6 7.7 7.2 3.6 13.2 Q Q Q 1.0 8.7 3.4 13.1

 4 Persons .......................................... 25.0 6.2 13.2 5.6 4.5 Q Q Q 0.7 3.0 0.8 17.4

 5 Persons .......................................... 13.0 1.8 8.1 3.0 1.4 Q Q Q 0.6 0.7 Q 24.2

 6 or More Persons ............................. 6.1 0.8 2.7 2.6 QQQQQQQ 23.2

Race of Householder

 White ................................................. 54.8 14.4 27.6 12.8 83.7 3.2 6.7 7.2 12.5 31.0 23.2 6.1

 Black ................................................. 5.8 1.5 3.0 1.3 5.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 1.7 1.4 21.5

 Other ................................................. 4.0 1.1 1.8 1.1 3.1 0.4 0.4 Q 0.6 1.2 Q 24.9

Hispanic Descent

 Yes .................................................... 6.2 1.9 2.8 1.5 4.5 0.3 0.3 Q 1.0 1.7 0.9 22.2

 No ...................................................... 58.5 15.2 29.5 13.7 87.6 3.7 7.2 7.7 12.8 32.2 24.0 5.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 77
Table 5.11. U.S. Vehicles by Household Composition, 1994 (Continued) 

 (Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

Households with Children Households Without Children

RSE

Row

Factor:

Total

Age of Oldest Child

Total

One Adult--

Age of Householder

Two or More Adults--

Age of Householder

Under

7

Years

7

to

15

Years

16

or

17

Years

Under

35

Years

35

to

59

Years

60

Years

or

Over

Under

35

Years

35

to

59

Years

60

Years

or

Over

0.6 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.5 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0

1993 Family Income

 Less than $5,000 ............................... 1.0 0.4 0.3 Q 2.0 Q Q 0.3 1.0 Q Q 32.7

 $5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 1.9 0.4 1.2 0.4 5.9 0.3 0.8 2.0 1.2 0.6 1.1 24.2

 $10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 4.4 1.0 2.8 0.6 8.0 0.4 0.6 1.8 0.9 1.4 3.0 16.9

 $15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 5.1 1.5 2.4 1.1 9.1 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.1 2.1 3.5 18.6

 $20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 4.3 1.4 1.9 1.0 10.1 0.7 1.4 0.7 1.4 2.7 3.1 17.4

 $25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 10.7 2.2 6.1 2.5 13.3 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.5 4.1 3.9 14.8

 $35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 15.6 4.3 7.1 4.1 18.1 0.6 1.5 0.4 3.1 7.8 4.7 13.4

 $50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 14.0 3.7 7.3 2.9 14.1 Q 0.7 Q 2.2 8.1 2.6 15.2

 $75,000 or More ................................ 7.6 2.1 3.3 2.2 11.5 Q Q Q 1.4 6.9 2.8 18.8

Below Poverty Line

 100 Percent ....................................... 6.6 1.6 3.6 1.3 5.8 0.3 0.7 1.1 1.5 0.9 1.4 17.2

 125 Percent ....................................... 9.6 2.1 5.4 2.2 8.6 0.3 0.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 2.1 15.3

 150 Percent ....................................... 13.7 3.1 7.5 3.1 11.9 0.5 1.1 2.3 2.7 2.5 2.9 13.9

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 15.8 3.7 9.0 3.1 16.0 0.8 1.3 3.5 2.8 3.0 4.7 12.1

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 ........................................................ 6.6 1.6 3.9 1.2 25.7 4.0 7.4 7.6 0.7 2.0 4.1 10.2

 2 ........................................................ 41.5 14.1 24.1 3.4 50.1 Q Q Q 11.1 21.0 17.9 7.3

 3 ........................................................ 11.6 0.9 3.7 7.0 10.7 Q Q Q 0.9 7.8 2.0 18.7

 4 or More ........................................... 4.7 Q 0.6 3.7 4.9 Q Q Q 1.0 3.1 0.8 30.2

Age of Primary Driver

 16 to 17 Years ................................... 1.1 Q 0.4 0.7 QQQQQQQ 29.3

 18 to 22 Years ................................... 2.2 Q 0.3 1.7 2.2 Q Q Q 0.7 1.3 Q 23.5

 23 to 29 Years ................................... 2.8 1.6 1.1 Q 5.6 1.2 Q Q 2.5 1.4 0.4 19.1

 30 to 39 Years ................................... 15.7 4.9 9.6 1.2 6.9 0.9 0.7 Q 2.7 1.9 0.7 15.1

 40 to 49 Years ................................... 13.8 1.6 7.6 4.7 8.4 Q 1.8 Q Q 5.8 0.4 14.3

 50 to 59 Years ................................... 3.0 0.4 1.4 1.2 12.0 Q 1.5 Q Q 9.3 0.9 19.1

 60 to 69 Years ................................... 0.7 Q 0.4 Q 9.9 Q Q 1.6 Q 1.2 6.9 22.0

 70 to 79 Years ................................... 0.3 Q Q Q 8.3 Q Q 2.2 Q Q 5.8 17.6

 80 Years and Over ............................ Q Q Q Q 2.5 Q Q 0.8 Q Q 1.7 20.5

 Don’t Know ........................................ 25.0 8.4 11.4 5.3 36.3 1.7 3.4 2.9 7.5 12.8 8.1 8.3

Sex of Primary Driver

 Female .............................................. 18.3 3.8 9.8 4.8 25.1 0.6 2.0 3.7 2.6 9.6 6.5 8.5

 Male .................................................. 21.3 4.9 11.3 5.1 30.9 1.7 2.1 1.4 3.6 11.6 10.5 9.3

 Don’t Know ........................................ 25.0 8.4 11.3 5.3 36.1 1.7 3.4 2.8 7.5 12.8 8.0 8.3

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .............................. 0.3 0.1 0.1 Q 1.0 Q 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 33.6

 Only 1 ................................................ 7.4 2.1 3.9 1.4 21.2 2.5 5.1 5.4 1.4 2.6 4.2 8.7

 Between 1 and 2 ............................... 3.7 1.1 2.2 0.4 4.7 0.3 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.3 1.0 21.2

 Only 2 ................................................ 25.3 8.9 13.3 3.1 31.5 0.6 1.0 1.2 6.6 10.6 11.5 10.9

 Between 2 and 3 ............................... 6.6 1.6 3.6 1.3 7.0 Q Q Q 1.3 3.3 1.9 18.9

 Only 3 ................................................ 10.4 1.8 4.8 3.8 14.8 Q Q Q 1.7 8.0 4.6 17.1

 Between 3 and 4 ............................... 2.9 Q 1.4 1.3 5.0 Q Q Q Q 3.4 0.8 30.8

 4 or More ........................................... 7.9 1.2 2.9 3.8 6.9 Q Q Q 0.9 4.7 0.9 27.8

See footnotes at end of table.

78 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.11. U.S. Vehicles by Household Composition, 1994 (Continued) 

 (Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

Households with Children Households Without Children

RSE

Row

Factor:

Total

Age of Oldest Child

Total

One Adult--

Age of Householder

Two or More Adults--

Age of Householder

Under

7

Years

7

to

15

Years

16

or

17

Years

Under

35

Years

35

to

59

Years

60

Years

or

Over

Under

35

Years

35

to

59

Years

60

Years

or

Over

0.6 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.5 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year 

 1994 to 1995 ..................................... 3.0 0.8 1.5 0.7 4.2 Q 0.3 0.3 0.9 1.5 0.9 19.7

 1993 .................................................. 4.5 1.3 2.3 0.9 5.9 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.9 2.2 1.2 15.7

 1992 .................................................. 4.8 1.4 2.5 0.9 6.5 Q 0.4 0.5 0.9 2.8 1.8 15.3

 1989 to 1991 ..................................... 13.2 3.6 6.6 3.0 21.8 1.0 1.9 1.8 3.8 7.6 5.7 9.7

 1986 to 1988 ..................................... 14.5 3.7 7.0 3.8 21.8 1.0 2.3 1.6 3.1 7.9 5.9 9.5

 1983 to 1985 ..................................... 11.4 2.9 5.7 2.8 14.2 0.5 1.0 1.2 2.0 5.5 3.9 11.3

 1980 to 1982 ..................................... 5.0 1.2 2.6 1.2 5.9 Q 0.4 0.7 0.8 2.1 1.7 14.4

 1977 to 1979 ..................................... 4.0 1.0 2.0 0.9 5.5 Q 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.8 1.8 17.6

 1976 or Earlier ................................... 4.2 1.2 2.1 0.9 6.4 Q Q 0.5 0.8 2.4 2.0 20.3

Type of Vehicle

 Passenger Car .................................. 39.9 11.2 18.9 9.8 66.6 3.0 5.6 7.0 10.2 22.6 18.1 6.0

 Minivan .............................................. 6.1 1.3 3.8 1.1 2.0 Q Q Q Q 0.7 0.8 16.8

 Sport Utility ........................................ 4.8 1.5 2.5 0.9 4.7 Q Q Q 1.2 2.2 0.8 15.8

 Large Van .......................................... 1.7 Q 1.0 0.4 1.7 Q Q Q Q 0.7 0.6 25.6

 Pickup Truck ..................................... 12.0 2.9 6.0 3.0 16.8 0.7 1.2 0.8 2.1 7.6 4.5 10.5

 Other ................................................. Q Q Q Q 0.4 Q Q Q Q Q Q 74.5

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

 10.9 or Less ...................................... 2.8 0.8 1.5 0.5 4.3 Q Q 0.5 0.3 1.6 1.4 20.1

 11 to 12.9 .......................................... 3.4 0.7 1.9 0.7 5.5 Q Q 0.4 0.5 2.1 2.1 19.1

 13 to 15.9 .......................................... 7.7 2.1 3.8 1.8 11.1 0.3 0.9 1.3 0.9 3.9 3.9 12.5

 16 to 18.9 .......................................... 10.7 2.2 5.9 2.6 15.8 0.5 1.3 1.4 2.1 6.0 4.6 11.4

 19 to 21.9 .......................................... 14.8 3.7 7.5 3.6 20.4 0.6 1.5 1.5 2.8 7.7 6.3 10.0

 22 to 24.9 .......................................... 11.7 3.4 5.6 2.8 16.5 0.8 1.7 1.6 2.6 5.8 4.0 10.3

 25 to 29.9 .......................................... 10.6 3.0 5.0 2.7 14.3 1.1 1.5 1.1 3.0 5.2 2.4 10.2

 30 or More ......................................... 2.9 1.1 1.1 0.6 4.3 0.4 Q Q 1.5 1.6 0.3 19.9

Engine Size (liters)

 2.49 or Less ...................................... 24.7 7.5 11.5 5.7 35.1 2.2 3.4 2.8 7.2 12.5 6.9 7.6

 2.50 to 3.49 ....................................... 12.9 3.1 6.5 3.2 17.3 0.6 1.3 1.6 2.5 6.7 4.6 10.8

 3.50 to 4.49 ....................................... 10.1 2.1 5.5 2.5 14.0 0.4 0.9 1.2 1.7 5.1 4.7 11.7

 4.50 or Greater .................................. 17.0 4.3 8.8 3.8 25.8 0.8 1.9 2.3 2.4 9.6 8.8 9.9

Number of Cylinders

 4 ........................................................ 25.8 7.6 12.1 6.1 35.8 2.2 3.5 3.1 7.1 12.6 7.2 7.5

 6 ........................................................ 22.5 5.1 12.0 5.3 29.8 1.0 2.3 2.5 4.1 11.2 8.6 8.3

 8 ........................................................ 15.9 4.2 8.1 3.6 25.7 0.8 1.7 2.3 2.3 9.8 8.9 9.9

 Other ................................................. 0.4 Q Q Q 0.9 Q Q Q Q 0.4 Q 44.8

Type of Transmission

 Automatic .......................................... 47.3 12.2 23.8 11.3 70.2 2.2 5.6 7.1 8.3 25.6 21.4 6.2

 Manual Shift ...................................... 17.4 4.9 8.5 4.0 21.9 1.9 1.9 0.8 5.4 8.3 3.6 9.8

Type of Drive

 Front-Wheel ...................................... 31.0 8.8 15.1 7.1 43.8 2.3 3.8 4.3 7.1 15.0 11.3 6.8

 Rear-Wheel ....................................... 25.9 6.0 13.1 6.7 38.4 1.1 3.1 3.3 4.7 14.3 11.8 8.1

 4-Wheel ............................................. 7.7 2.2 4.1 1.4 9.9 0.7 0.6 Q 2.0 4.6 1.8 13.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 79
Table 5.11. U.S. Vehicles by Household Composition, 1994 (Continued) 

 (Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

Households with Children Households Without Children

RSE

Row

Factor:

Total

Age of Oldest Child

Total

One Adult--

Age of Householder

Two or More Adults--

Age of Householder

Under

7

Years

7

to

15

Years

16

or

17

Years

Under

35

Years

35

to

59

Years

60

Years

or

Over

Under

35

Years

35

to

59

Years

60

Years

or

Over

0.6 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.5 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0

Type of Fuel System

 Carburetor ......................................... 32.2 8.5 16.6 7.2 44.2 2.0 3.6 4.1 6.1 15.6 12.8 7.4

 Fuel Injection ..................................... 31.6 8.4 15.4 7.7 46.7 2.1 3.9 3.7 7.6 17.4 11.9 7.0

 Diesel Engine .................................... 0.9 Q 0.4 0.3 1.3 Q Q Q Q 0.9 Q 30.3

Type of Fuel Purchased

 Motor Gasoline .................................. 63.4 16.8 31.7 14.9 90.0 4.0 7.5 7.7 13.7 33.1 24.1 5.7

 Unleaded ......................................... 62.5 16.6 31.1 14.8 89.0 3.9 7.4 7.6 13.6 32.7 23.9 5.7

 Regular Grade ............................... 43.1 11.4 21.4 10.3 61.1 2.2 4.7 5.3 9.0 22.6 17.2 6.8

 Intermediate Grade ....................... 8.5 2.0 4.3 2.2 12.1 0.7 1.3 1.1 2.1 4.2 2.8 13.3

 Premium Grade ............................. 10.9 3.2 5.4 2.3 15.8 1.1 1.4 1.2 2.4 5.9 3.9 11.5

 Leaded ............................................ 0.9 Q 0.5 Q 1.0 Q Q Q Q 0.4 Q 40.1

 Gasohol ............................................. 0.5 Q Q Q 1.0 Q Q Q Q Q 0.6 45.7

 Diesel Fuel ........................................ 0.7 Q 0.3 Q 1.1 Q Q Q Q 0.6 Q 36.4

Type of Primary Service

 Full-Service Pumps ........................... 4.2 1.5 1.8 0.9 9.6 Q 0.7 2.6 0.4 3.0 2.8 21.0

 Self or Mini-Service Pumps ............... 59.4 15.3 30.2 13.9 80.4 3.9 6.7 5.0 13.2 30.3 21.4 6.3

 Both Equally ...................................... 0.9 Q 0.3 Q 2.0 Q Q 0.3 Q 0.6 0.6 34.7

 Bulk Sales/Other ............................... QQQQQQQQQQQ Q

Vehicle Used for Commuting

to and from Work

 Yes .................................................... 44.5 12.1 22.1 10.3 50.8 3.3 5.5 1.6 10.8 22.7 6.8 7.3

 No ...................................................... 20.1 5.0 10.2 4.9 41.4 0.7 2.1 6.3 2.9 11.2 18.1 8.2

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately .5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includesmembers under age 18 unless the member is the householder or spouse.• To obtain the RSE percentage

for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for households with

vehicles for personal use. • Percentages are calculated on unrounded numbers. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and

Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D for the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

80 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.12. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Household Composition,

 1994 

 (Thousand Miles per Household)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

Households with Children Households without Children

RSE

Row

Factor:

Total

Age of Oldest Child

Total

One Adult--

Age of Householder

Two or More Adults--

Age of Householder

Under

7

Years

7

to

15

Years

16

or

17

Years

Under

35

Years

35

to

59

Years

60

Years

or

Over

Under

35

Years

35

to

59

Years

60

Years

or

Over

0.5 1.1 0.6 1.1 0.5 2.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 0.8 1.0

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 24.8 22.4 24.2 29.9 18.9 15.6 12.8 8.6 24.4 26.2 17.1 4.8

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ........................................... 24.8 22.3 25.0 28.1 17.6 Q 11.0 8.1 24.1 23.6 16.7 10.3

 New England ................................... 26.6 22.9 27.5 Q 16.9 Q Q 8.7 23.7 25.0 15.5 20.8

 Middle Atlantic ................................. 24.1 21.9 24.0 26.9 17.9 Q 11.3 7.8 24.4 23.1 17.1 12.3

 Midwest ............................................. 26.1 23.8 25.6 30.2 19.8 18.7 13.0 9.5 23.1 29.5 17.7 7.9

 East North Central ........................... 26.3 24.4 25.6 29.8 19.6 21.0 12.3 8.8 22.4 30.0 16.7 10.9

 West North Central .......................... 25.5 22.6 25.4 31.6 20.2 16.0 15.6 11.4 24.7 27.9 19.5 12.7

 South ................................................. 25.5 22.6 24.6 31.4 19.4 14.4 13.8 8.3 26.6 26.7 17.2 8.3

 South Atlantic .................................. 25.1 23.1 23.8 30.9 21.0 15.9 13.5 9.5 27.5 28.7 18.0 11.5

 East South Central .......................... 28.5 28.0 26.9 34.4 18.8 Q 14.2 8.0 28.0 24.3 16.4 14.2

 West South Central ......................... 24.6 20.7 24.5 30.7 16.8 12.1 14.1 6.6 22.7 24.0 16.5 17.6

 West .................................................. 22.0 20.4 21.3 27.9 18.1 13.5 12.6 8.1 22.6 24.4 16.3 10.5

 Mountain ......................................... 22.1 20.1 22.7 Q 17.7 Q Q 9.7 20.2 24.3 15.4 18.0

 Pacific .............................................. 22.0 20.6 20.6 28.6 18.3 13.0 12.2 7.3 23.8 24.4 16.6 13.0

Largest Populated States

 California ............................................ 21.7 21.1 20.0 28.3 18.6 Q 12.1 7.9 25.1 24.1 16.8 17.9

 Florida ............................................. 25.0 21.3 25.2 33.2 18.7 Q Q 9.3 21.5 25.5 16.2 23.0

 New York .......................................... 20.7 18.6 20.5 24.1 17.5 Q 13.5 Q Q 22.4 17.8 15.8

 Texas ............................................ 24.6 20.4 24.0 31.6 17.1 10.7 Q 6.6 Q 24.4 18.0 17.7

Urban Status

 Urban ................................................ 24.4 22.5 23.6 29.2 18.5 15.0 12.7 8.3 24.7 25.1 16.3 5.7

 Central City ..................................... 20.0 19.1 21.1 19.1 16.8 13.9 11.8 8.3 21.3 23.1 14.9 9.3

 Suburban ......................................... 26.9 25.0 25.0 33.9 19.6 16.0 13.3 8.2 27.0 26.1 17.1 6.8

 Rural .................................................. 26.0 21.7 25.7 32.0 20.2 18.7 13.8 9.2 22.6 30.1 19.2 9.0

Household Size

 1 Person ............................................ QQQQ 11.6 15.6 12.8 8.6 Q Q Q 6.4

 2 Persons .......................................... 14.8 11.4 15.9 16.6 20.3 Q Q Q 24.0 23.4 15.6 9.7

 3 Persons .......................................... 23.6 23.4 22.3 27.2 28.0 Q Q Q 21.6 30.6 24.7 11.9

 4 Persons .......................................... 25.5 22.0 25.4 31.4 35.1 Q Q Q Q 39.0 Q 10.4

 5 Persons .......................................... 25.4 21.4 25.1 29.2 QQQQQQQ 9.9

 6 or More Persons ............................. 30.7 Q 26.3 37.2 QQQQQQQ 20.7

Race of Householder

 White ................................................. 26.0 23.2 25.2 32.6 19.3 16.4 13.3 8.5 24.7 27.0 17.3 4.9

 Black ................................................. 19.1 18.7 20.5 16.9 15.3 Q Q 8.5 Q 19.5 14.8 22.6

 Other ................................................. 19.0 17.8 16.7 26.1 16.3 Q Q Q 17.2 21.1 Q 29.6

Hispanic Descent

 Yes .................................................... 21.8 18.8 22.5 24.7 16.8 12.9 Q Q 17.6 23.2 14.8 22.1

 No ...................................................... 25.1 22.8 24.3 30.5 19.0 15.9 13.0 8.5 24.9 26.4 17.1 4.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 81
Table 5.12. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Household Composition,

 1994 (Continued)

 (Thousand Miles per Household)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

Households with Children Households without Children

RSE

Row

Factor:

Total

Age of Oldest Child

Total

One Adult--

Age of Householder

Two or More Adults--

Age of Householder

Under

7

Years

7

to

15

Years

16

or

17

Years

Under

35

Years

35

to

59

Years

60

Years

or

Over

Under

35

Years

35

to

59

Years

60

Years

or

Over

0.5 1.1 0.6 1.1 0.5 2.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 0.8 1.0

1993 Family Income

 Less than $5,000 ............................... 17.1 13.4 Q Q 15.7 Q Q 8.4 Q Q Q 42.9

 $5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 13.5 Q 12.4 17.1 11.7 Q 9.8 7.1 Q 13.2 14.0 25.2

 $10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 17.3 17.2 17.5 16.8 12.8 Q 9.9 7.5 20.8 22.7 12.7 17.8

 $15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 22.8 21.5 21.8 27.6 15.5 Q 11.8 9.0 20.7 18.4 16.1 18.7

 $20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 20.3 19.9 20.0 21.2 17.6 18.1 12.7 10.0 28.1 23.8 14.6 15.7

 $25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 26.5 21.9 27.1 30.4 18.5 20.6 14.3 11.8 24.0 23.2 16.7 10.6

 $35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 26.2 22.9 26.6 29.9 21.6 14.2 12.9 7.3 23.3 27.2 21.4 10.3

 $50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 29.0 27.5 27.2 38.4 25.2 Q 18.2 Q 26.4 29.7 18.4 10.6

 $75,000 or More ................................ 30.8 25.1 28.9 42.6 27.1 Q Q Q 25.2 31.8 23.3 13.7

Below Poverty Line

 100 Percent ....................................... 16.6 15.4 16.2 19.5 12.8 Q 11.1 7.0 Q 15.9 13.7 19.2

 125 Percent ....................................... 17.7 16.6 17.6 18.9 12.8 Q 10.3 7.3 19.7 19.0 13.5 16.5

 150 Percent ....................................... 19.0 17.4 18.6 22.0 13.6 Q 10.3 7.4 24.2 18.2 13.0 13.7

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 19.5 17.7 19.4 22.2 13.2 11.3 10.8 7.5 23.2 18.2 13.0 12.9

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 ........................................................ 14.3 12.7 15.1 14.2 11.7 15.7 13.0 8.5 13.9 15.4 9.7 12.0

 2 ........................................................ 24.6 23.9 25.2 23.1 22.1 Q Q Q 24.7 24.2 18.1 5.0

 3 ........................................................ 33.5 Q 34.2 34.4 32.7 Q Q Q 26.1 34.2 30.7 13.8

 4 or More ........................................... 45.2 Q Q 45.4 40.8 Q Q Q Q 43.2 Q 13.4

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .............................. Q Q Q Q 5.9 Q Q 4.7 Q Q 4.2 47.6

 Only 1 ................................................ 12.3 11.9 12.3 13.0 10.2 13.0 11.4 7.2 12.3 12.5 8.7 8.8

 Between 1 and 2 ............................... 20.7 18.9 21.7 Q 18.6 Q 18.1 13.3 19.0 21.8 16.4 16.3

 Only 2 ................................................ 25.0 24.8 24.9 26.1 21.7 Q 20.9 15.2 25.9 23.9 17.9 6.4

 Between 2 and 3 ............................... 31.2 29.2 32.6 29.4 27.1 Q Q Q 29.7 28.3 23.5 9.5

 Only 3 ................................................ 34.9 33.6 35.3 35.0 30.9 Q Q Q 31.5 32.6 28.2 10.7

 Between 3 and 4 ............................... 45.2 Q 43.1 47.0 43.8 Q Q Q Q 40.8 Q 14.2

 4 or More ........................................... 50.5 Q 45.3 56.1 49.4 Q Q Q Q 48.4 Q 11.6

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately .5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includesmembers under age 18 unless the member is the householder or spouse.• To obtain the RSE percentage

for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for households

with vehicles for personal use. • Percentages are calculated on unrounded numbers. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and

Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D for the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

82 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.13. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle Fuel

 Efficiency Category, 1994

 (Thousand Miles per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All FuelEfficiency

Categories

Fuel Efficiency

(miles per gallon)

RSE

Row

Factor:

10.9

or

Less

11

to

12.9

13

to

15.9

16

to

18.9

19

to

21.9

22

to

24.9

25

to

25.9

30

or

More

0.4 2.7 2.5 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.2

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 11.4 5.6 8.8 9.7 10.5 12.0 12.8 13.0 14.7 3.9

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ........................................... 11.3 Q 8.8 8.9 9.7 11.5 12.5 12.4 14.0 8.0

 New England ................................... 11.1 Q Q Q 10.3 11.8 12.4 Q Q 17.1

 Middle Atlantic ................................. 11.3 Q Q 8.8 9.4 11.4 12.5 12.6 Q 8.5

 Midwest ............................................. 11.6 6.2 8.2 9.3 10.3 12.2 13.3 13.6 15.0 6.6

 East North Central ........................... 11.6 6.1 7.7 9.3 10.5 12.0 13.3 13.3 Q 8.8

 West North Central .......................... 11.8 Q 9.1 9.5 9.8 12.7 13.3 14.4 Q 10.3

 South ................................................. 11.7 5.3 8.7 10.1 11.0 12.5 13.1 13.4 15.4 6.6

 South Atlantic .................................. 12.1 Q 8.7 10.1 11.4 12.3 13.6 13.5 16.0 8.7

 East South Central .......................... 10.9 Q Q 8.8 9.8 12.5 11.9 13.2 Q 18.2

 West South Central ......................... 11.6 4.7 Q 10.6 11.2 12.8 12.8 13.5 Q 11.9

 West .................................................. 10.9 5.2 9.4 9.9 10.4 11.4 11.8 12.3 Q 9.7

 Mountain ......................................... 10.7 Q Q 10.7 11.1 10.7 11.4 13.5 Q 14.4

 Pacific .............................................. 10.9 4.6 9.5 9.5 10.1 11.7 12.0 12.0 Q 13.2

Largest Populated States

 California ............................................ 11.1 Q Q 9.2 10.2 12.2 12.3 12.2 Q 17.9

 Florida ............................................. 11.8 Q Q Q 11.3 12.8 13.4 Q Q 7.8

 New York .......................................... 11.4 Q Q Q 9.3 11.4 13.4 12.6 Q 13.9

 Texas ............................................ 11.3 Q Q 10.9 11.1 11.8 Q 12.8 Q 12.9

Urban Status

 Urban ................................................ 11.4 5.4 9.0 9.5 10.5 12.0 12.5 12.7 14.6 4.8

 Central City ..................................... 10.8 5.6 8.4 8.9 10.1 11.4 11.6 12.3 13.0 8.1

 Suburban ......................................... 11.7 5.2 9.2 9.7 10.7 12.2 13.0 12.9 15.4 5.6

 Rural .................................................. 11.6 6.0 8.6 10.2 10.5 12.2 14.0 14.5 Q 6.7

Household Size

 1 Person ............................................ 10.1 5.0 Q 6.9 8.9 10.5 11.3 12.4 Q 12.3

 2 Persons .......................................... 10.9 5.0 8.6 8.5 9.7 11.4 12.7 13.0 15.5 6.5

 3 Persons .......................................... 11.9 5.2 8.8 11.0 11.2 12.1 13.2 13.3 15.2 7.9

 4 Persons .......................................... 12.0 5.5 9.6 11.4 11.4 13.1 13.1 12.3 Q 9.3

 5 Persons .......................................... 12.2 Q 8.6 10.5 11.8 12.9 13.7 13.2 Q 11.9

 6 or More Persons ............................. 13.3 Q Q Q Q 13.8 Q 15.3 Q 16.3

Household Composition

 Households with Children ................. 12.3 6.4 9.2 11.3 11.6 13.2 13.5 13.3 14.5 5.7

 Age of Oldest Child

 Under 7 Years ............................... 12.1 Q Q 11.4 12.0 12.7 13.2 12.4 Q 11.5

 7 to 15 Years ................................. 12.3 5.7 9.0 11.7 11.7 13.2 13.9 13.3 14.7 7.9

 16 or 17 Years ............................... 12.5 Q Q 10.5 10.9 13.7 13.0 14.4 Q 10.8

 Households Without Children ............ 10.8 5.0 8.6 8.6 9.8 11.2 12.4 12.8 14.9 5.4

 One Adult ........................................ 10.1 5.0 Q 6.9 8.9 10.5 11.3 12.4 Q 12.3

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 13.0 Q Q Q Q Q Q 14.3 Q 22.7

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 11.2 Q Q Q 10.5 10.7 12.5 13.3 Q 17.7

 60 Years or More ........................ 7.6 Q Q 4.0 7.2 8.4 9.7 Q Q 15.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 83
Table 5.13. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle Fuel

 Efficiency Category, 1994 (Continued)

 (Thousand Miles per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All FuelEfficiency

Categories

Fuel Efficiency

(miles per gallon)

RSE

Row

Factor:

10.9

or

Less

11

to

12.9

13

to

15.9

16

to

18.9

19

to

21.9

22

to

24.9

25

to

25.9

30

or

More

0.4 2.7 2.5 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.2

Household Composition

 Two or More Adults ......................... 11.0 5.1 8.7 9.0 10.0 11.4 12.7 12.9 15.2 5.9

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 12.7 Q Q Q 10.9 12.3 13.0 14.2 Q 15.7

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 11.6 6.5 10.4 9.4 10.9 11.7 13.2 13.0 15.3 7.8

 60 Years or More ........................ 9.3 3.1 7.0 7.9 8.3 10.5 11.8 11.0 Q 9.8

Race of Householder

 White ................................................. 11.5 5.6 8.8 9.7 10.5 12.1 12.9 13.1 14.9 4.1

 Black ................................................. 11.2 Q Q Q 10.2 11.6 12.1 13.6 Q 15.2

 Other ................................................. 10.9 Q Q Q Q Q Q 11.1 Q 16.9

Hispanic Descent

 Yes .................................................... 11.4 Q Q Q 10.3 11.9 12.0 Q Q 18.4

 No ...................................................... 11.4 5.5 8.9 9.6 10.5 12.0 12.9 13.0 14.8 4.0

1993 family Income

 Less than $5,000 ............................... 11.5 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 22.4

 $5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 9.9 Q Q 7.7 9.3 Q Q Q Q 22.4

 $10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 10.2 5.3 Q 7.4 9.3 11.5 11.3 13.2 Q 13.9

 $15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 10.7 Q Q 9.0 9.5 11.4 12.0 12.2 Q 14.4

 $20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 11.0 Q 8.2 8.7 11.0 10.9 11.9 13.5 Q 14.7

 $25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 11.9 4.7 10.8 10.6 10.8 12.6 12.5 14.2 Q 8.8

 $35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 11.6 4.5 9.4 10.7 10.4 11.8 13.1 12.8 14.9 7.6

 $50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 11.8 Q 6.4 9.3 11.2 12.7 13.6 13.2 14.1 8.4

 $75,000 or More ................................ 12.3 Q Q 11.4 10.8 12.8 13.9 12.7 Q 10.7

Below Poverty Line

 100 Percent ....................................... 10.7 Q Q 8.8 10.2 10.9 12.0 Q Q 18.6

 125 Percent ....................................... 10.9 Q 8.3 9.2 10.3 11.3 12.2 12.6 Q 12.3

 150 Percent ....................................... 11.1 7.1 8.6 9.4 10.3 11.6 12.3 12.9 Q 11.0

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 10.9 6.6 8.4 8.9 10.2 11.4 12.1 12.8 15.5 10.4

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 ........................................................ 10.3 5.2 8.1 7.2 8.9 11.2 11.4 13.0 Q 9.3

 2 ........................................................ 11.6 5.4 8.9 10.2 10.8 12.2 13.2 12.9 15.1 5.0

 3 ........................................................ 12.0 Q 10.7 11.1 10.9 12.3 13.1 12.8 15.2 10.0

 4 or More ........................................... 12.8 Q Q Q 12.4 12.4 14.1 14.6 Q 15.8

Age of Primary Driver

 16 to 17 Years ................................... 9.6 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 56.2

 18 to 22 Years ................................... 12.9 Q Q Q Q Q 12.1 14.7 Q 16.6

 23 to 29 Years ................................... 13.3 Q Q Q 8.4 14.5 13.6 16.7 Q 12.5

 30 to 39 Years ................................... 12.2 6.1 8.6 11.7 11.2 12.6 13.9 13.2 16.1 8.1

 40 to 49 Years ................................... 12.4 3.8 9.6 10.8 11.5 13.6 13.8 13.4 Q 7.6

 50 to 59 Years ................................... 11.6 6.1 10.4 8.6 9.8 12.0 15.3 13.8 Q 11.0

 60 to 69 Years ................................... 9.3 3.7 4.5 10.0 8.4 10.7 11.5 10.7 Q 12.4

 70 to 79 Years ................................... 7.9 2.7 Q 4.9 7.4 9.8 9.1 11.8 Q 13.4

 80 Years and Over ............................ 6.1 Q Q 2.9 Q Q Q Q Q 26.7

 Don’t Know ........................................ 11.5 Q 9.0 10.6 11.3 11.7 12.1 12.3 Q 10.5

See footnotes at end of table.

84 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.13. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle Fuel

 Efficiency Category, 1994 (Continued)

 (Thousand Miles per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All FuelEfficiency

Categories

Fuel Efficiency

(miles per gallon)

RSE

Row

Factor:

10.9

or

Less

11

to

12.9

13

to

15.9

16

to

18.9

19

to

21.9

22

to

24.9

25

to

25.9

30

or

More

0.4 2.7 2.5 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.2

Sex of Primary Driver

 Female .............................................. 11.7 Q 6.2 8.0 9.6 11.5 13.2 13.7 16.3 6.3

 Male .................................................. 11.1 4.7 9.4 9.7 10.2 13.0 13.4 13.4 15.6 5.4

 Don’t Know ........................................ 11.5 Q 9.0 10.6 11.4 11.7 12.2 12.3 Q 10.4

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .............................. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 100.0

 Only 1 ................................................ 10.7 Q Q 6.9 9.5 11.4 11.8 12.7 Q 9.9

 Between 1 and 2 ............................... 12.6 Q Q 11.9 11.0 13.7 14.1 13.3 Q 14.8

 Only 2 ................................................ 11.6 6.0 8.9 10.2 10.6 11.9 12.9 12.7 14.6 6.5

 Between 2 and 3 ............................... 12.0 Q 8.2 10.3 11.7 12.4 13.8 14.8 Q 10.2

 Only 3 ................................................ 10.9 5.2 9.4 9.8 9.4 12.1 12.9 12.5 Q 9.0

 Between 3 and 4 ............................... 12.7 Q Q Q 14.2 12.1 13.5 Q Q 18.1

 4 or More ........................................... 11.4 Q Q 10.0 10.3 12.4 12.7 14.6 Q 12.0

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year 

 1994 to 1995 ..................................... 14.3 Q Q 12.0 13.3 14.2 15.8 15.1 Q 12.1

 1993 .................................................. 13.7 Q Q 11.4 12.5 13.8 14.5 14.7 Q 12.1

 1992 .................................................. 13.1 Q Q Q 12.3 12.8 14.5 13.7 Q 10.2

 1989 to 1991 ..................................... 12.4 Q 11.6 10.6 11.0 12.2 13.3 13.3 Q 7.3

 1986 to 1988 ..................................... 11.3 Q 5.4 9.4 9.0 11.6 12.0 12.4 15.1 8.7

 1983 to 1985 ..................................... 10.6 Q 5.9 8.7 9.8 11.6 10.5 12.5 Q 10.4

 1980 to 1982 ..................................... 9.8 Q Q 8.4 10.1 10.0 Q Q Q 17.6

 1977 to 1979 ..................................... 9.3 4.2 9.8 10.7 Q Q Q Q Q 10.7

 1976 or Earlier ................................... 8.2 6.5 10.5 8.2 Q Q Q Q Q 12.2

Type of Vehicle

 Passenger Car .................................. 11.3 4.9 7.4 7.2 8.6 11.2 12.7 12.9 14.8 5.3

 Minivan .............................................. 13.4 Q Q Q 11.2 15.2 Q Q Q 7.1

 Sport Utility ........................................ 12.7 4.1 Q 12.5 13.5 15.8 Q Q Q 9.9

 Large Van .......................................... 11.7 Q Q 12.5 Q Q Q Q Q 11.7

 Pickup Truck ..................................... 11.1 5.6 9.8 11.1 12.5 12.1 13.1 15.0 Q 8.1

 Other ................................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 100.0

Engine Size (liters)

 2.49 or Less ...................................... 11.7 Q Q 2.8 6.2 9.3 11.3 12.9 14.7 7.2

 2.50 to 3.49 ....................................... 12.1 Q Q 5.1 9.7 12.3 14.5 Q Q 7.4

 3.50 to 4.49 ....................................... 11.7 Q 4.9 8.1 11.4 12.9 17.0 Q Q 9.4

 4.50 or Greater .................................. 10.5 5.8 9.6 11.1 11.3 14.3 Q Q Q 5.5

Number of Cylinders

 4 ........................................................ 11.6 Q Q 3.3 6.8 9.2 11.3 13.0 14.8 6.7

 6 ........................................................ 12.1 3.6 6.5 7.7 11.2 12.7 15.5 Q Q 6.9

 8 ........................................................ 10.5 5.9 9.4 11.2 10.8 14.1 Q Q Q 5.6

 Other ................................................. 10.6 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 51.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 85
Table 5.13. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle Fuel

 Efficiency Category, 1994 (Continued)

 (Thousand Miles per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All FuelEfficiency

Categories

Fuel Efficiency

(miles per gallon)

RSE

Row

Factor:

10.9

or

Less

11

to

12.9

13

to

15.9

16

to

18.9

19

to

21.9

22

to

24.9

25

to

25.9

30

or

More

0.4 2.7 2.5 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.2

Type of Transmission

 Automatic .......................................... 11.4 5.6 8.7 9.8 10.5 12.2 13.1 13.0 Q 4.4

 Manual Shift ...................................... 11.6 5.5 9.2 9.3 10.2 11.3 11.7 13.0 14.6 8.6

Type of Drive

 Front-Wheel ...................................... 11.9 Q Q 6.0 7.9 11.3 12.8 12.9 14.4 5.4

 Rear-Wheel ....................................... 10.8 5.9 8.7 9.8 10.4 12.7 12.9 13.2 Q 6.6

 4-Wheel ............................................. 11.9 4.5 10.0 12.2 13.1 13.1 Q Q Q 7.0

Type of Fuel System

 Carburetor ......................................... 10.5 5.4 9.3 9.5 10.3 11.5 11.8 12.3 14.2 6.2

 Fuel Injection ..................................... 12.4 Q 6.3 9.9 10.7 12.4 13.3 13.6 15.6 5.1

 Diesel Engine .................................... 11.5 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 28.8

Type of Fuel Purchased

 Motor Gasoline .................................. 11.4 5.5 8.7 9.5 10.5 12.0 12.8 13.0 14.8 4.1

 Unleaded ......................................... 11.5 5.4 8.7 9.5 10.5 12.0 12.8 13.0 14.8 4.1

 Regular Grade ............................... 11.5 5.6 9.1 9.7 10.5 11.9 12.8 13.0 15.1 5.0

 Intermediate Grade ....................... 11.5 Q 6.6 8.6 11.3 12.1 12.7 13.1 Q 9.0

 Premium Grade ............................. 11.2 4.6 8.7 9.6 10.0 12.3 12.7 12.9 Q 9.2

 Leaded ............................................ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 100.0

 Gasohol ............................................. 11.7 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 26.7

 Diesel Fuel ........................................ 12.0 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 31.6

Type of Primary Service

 Full-Service Pumps ........................... 9.9 Q Q 7.0 8.8 10.2 11.9 11.8 Q 16.4

 Self or Mini-Service Pumps ............... 11.6 5.5 9.2 10.0 10.7 12.2 12.9 13.1 14.8 4.2

 Both Equally ...................................... 10.3 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 36.3

 Bulk Sales/Other ............................... Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

Vehicle Use for Commuting

to and from Work

 Yes .................................................... 12.3 6.6 10.0 10.9 11.4 12.6 13.4 13.4 15.1 4.6

 No ...................................................... 10.0 4.8 7.8 8.2 9.3 11.1 11.8 12.1 13.9 7.0

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately .5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includesmembers under age 18 unless the member is the householder or spouse.• To obtain the RSE percentage

for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for households

with vehicles for personal use. • Percentages are calculated on unrounded numbers. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and

Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D for the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

86 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.14. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Vehicle Type, 1994

 (Billion Gallons)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle

Types

Type of Vehicle

RSE

Row

Factor:

Passenger Cars

MinivanSport

Utility

Large

Van

Pickup

All Sedan Truck Other

Station

Wagon

0.4 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.9 0.8 3.9

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 90.6 54.7 51.3 3.4 5.5 7.4 2.9 19.6 0.4 8.0

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ........................................... 14.5 9.7 8.7 1.0 0.8 1.3 Q 2.3 Q 16.2

 New England ................................... 4.1 2.5 2.2 0.3 Q 0.4 Q 0.9 Q 29.7

 Middle Atlantic ................................. 10.4 7.2 6.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 Q 1.5 Q 18.5

 Midwest ............................................. 23.8 15.1 14.3 0.8 1.8 1.0 1.2 4.8 Q 13.4

 East North Central ........................... 16.7 10.5 10.0 0.5 1.3 0.7 1.0 3.2 Q 16.7

 West North Central .......................... 7.2 4.6 4.3 0.3 0.4 Q Q 1.6 Q 20.1

 South ................................................. 33.5 19.5 18.6 0.9 1.9 3.0 0.9 8.0 Q 13.0

 South Atlantic .................................. 17.1 10.5 9.9 0.6 1.0 1.7 0.4 3.4 Q 16.0

 East South Central .......................... 6.3 3.6 3.5 Q 0.3 0.4 Q 1.7 Q 12.3

 West South Central ......................... 10.1 5.4 5.2 Q 0.6 0.9 Q 2.8 Q 31.9

 West .................................................. 18.8 10.4 9.7 0.7 1.0 2.0 0.5 4.6 Q 17.8

 Mountain ......................................... 5.9 2.7 2.5 Q Q 0.7 Q 1.7 Q 24.7

 Pacific .............................................. 12.9 7.7 7.2 0.5 0.7 1.3 Q 2.9 Q 23.4

Largest Populated States

 California ............................................ 9.5 5.7 5.3 0.4 0.6 0.9 Q 2.1 Q 28.8

 Florida ............................................. 5.1 3.2 2.9 Q 0.3 0.6 Q 0.9 Q 18.8

 New York .......................................... 4.3 3.1 2.7 0.3 Q Q Q 0.5 Q 23.8

 Texas ............................................ 6.6 3.6 3.4 Q Q 0.7 Q 1.7 Q 31.3

Urban Status

 Urban ................................................ 67.5 42.6 39.8 2.8 4.4 5.8 2.3 12.1 Q 9.2

 Central City ..................................... 21.4 14.1 13.1 0.9 1.3 1.7 0.8 3.3 Q 18.8

 Suburban ......................................... 46.1 28.5 26.6 1.9 3.1 4.1 1.5 8.8 Q 11.6

 Rural .................................................. 23.1 12.1 11.5 0.6 1.1 1.6 0.5 7.5 Q 15.0

Household Size

 1 Person ............................................ 9.6 7.1 6.7 0.3 Q 0.5 Q 1.6 Q 21.7

 2 Persons .......................................... 30.6 19.5 18.7 0.9 0.8 2.2 0.7 7.1 Q 12.9

 3 Persons .......................................... 18.9 11.4 10.5 0.9 0.9 1.8 0.5 4.2 Q 17.1

 4 Persons .......................................... 18.1 9.5 8.8 0.6 1.9 1.7 0.8 4.3 Q 18.1

 5 Persons .......................................... 9.1 4.8 4.2 0.5 1.3 1.0 Q 1.5 Q 25.9

 6 or More Persons ............................. 4.2 2.5 2.3 Q 0.5 Q Q 0.8 Q 42.8

Household Composition

 Households with Children ................. 40.4 22.1 20.3 1.8 4.3 3.8 1.5 8.5 Q 12.0

 Age of Oldest Child

 Under 7 Years ............................... 10.3 6.0 5.5 0.4 0.8 1.2 Q 2.2 Q 22.5

 7 to 15 Years ................................. 20.5 10.5 9.5 1.0 2.7 2.0 0.9 4.3 Q 15.7

 16 or 17 Years ............................... 9.6 5.7 5.3 0.4 0.8 0.6 Q 2.1 Q 26.2

 Households Without Children ............ 50.2 32.6 31.0 1.6 1.2 3.6 1.4 11.1 Q 10.6

 One Adult ........................................ 9.6 7.1 6.7 0.3 Q 0.5 Q 1.6 Q 21.7

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 2.4 1.6 1.6 Q Q Q Q 0.5 Q 40.5

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 4.1 2.8 2.6 Q Q Q Q 0.8 Q 32.5

 60 Years or More ........................ 3.0 2.6 2.5 Q Q Q Q 0.3 Q 27.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 87
Table 5.14. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Vehicle Type, 1994 (Continued)

 (Billion Gallons)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle

Types

Type of Vehicle

RSE

Row

Factor:

Passenger Cars

MinivanSport

Utility

Large

Van

Pickup

All Sedan Truck Other

Station

Wagon

0.4 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.9 0.8 3.9

Household Composition

 Two or More Adults ......................... 40.6 25.5 24.2 1.3 1.1 3.2 1.1 9.5 Q 11.7

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 8.1 5.4 5.2 Q Q 0.9 Q 1.5 Q 30.2

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 20.2 11.8 11.1 0.7 0.4 1.6 Q 5.5 Q 18.1

 60 Years or More ........................ 12.4 8.3 8.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 2.5 Q 20.8

Race of Householder

 White ................................................. 80.5 47.5 44.4 3.1 5.1 6.8 2.4 18.3 0.4 8.3

 Black ................................................. 6.3 4.8 4.6 Q Q Q Q 0.8 Q 38.8

 Other ................................................. 3.7 2.5 2.3 Q Q Q Q 0.6 Q 48.4

Hispanic Descent

 Yes .................................................... 6.2 3.6 3.3 Q 0.3 0.6 Q 1.4 Q 33.4

 No ...................................................... 84.4 51.1 47.9 3.2 5.2 6.9 2.5 18.2 0.4 8.4

1993 Family Income

 Less than $5,000 ............................... 1.7 1.3 1.3 QQQQQQ 49.9

 $5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 4.0 2.9 2.7 Q Q Q Q 0.8 Q 38.8

 $10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 6.6 4.6 4.3 0.3 Q Q Q 1.3 Q 24.8

 $15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 8.0 5.3 5.0 0.3 Q 0.5 Q 1.8 Q 27.3

 $20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 8.0 4.8 4.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 Q 1.9 Q 26.1

 $25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 14.7 8.6 7.9 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.4 3.6 Q 18.4

 $35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 19.5 10.8 10.2 0.6 1.5 1.8 0.7 4.8 Q 15.5

 $50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 16.2 9.4 8.9 0.5 1.3 1.8 0.4 3.2 Q 18.0

 $75,000 or More ................................ 11.9 7.0 6.6 0.4 0.7 1.4 Q 2.0 Q 23.6

Below Poverty Line

 100 Percent ....................................... 6.9 4.9 4.6 0.3 Q Q Q 1.2 Q 30.9

 125 Percent ....................................... 10.3 7.0 6.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 Q 2.0 Q 27.5

 150 Percent ....................................... 14.7 9.9 9.2 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 3.0 Q 24.7

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 17.9 12.1 11.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 3.6 Q 22.9

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 ........................................................ 16.5 11.9 11.2 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 2.8 Q 19.3

 2 ........................................................ 54.3 30.9 29.1 1.9 4.1 5.4 1.4 12.3 Q 9.5

 3 ........................................................ 13.4 7.7 7.1 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.8 3.1 Q 22.8

 4 or More ........................................... 6.0 3.8 3.6 Q Q Q Q 1.4 Q 35.6

Age of Primary Driver

 16 to 17 Years ................................... 0.5 0.3 0.3 QQQQQQ 76.8

 18 to 22 Years ................................... 2.5 1.9 1.8 Q Q Q Q 0.5 Q 40.1

 23 to 29 Years ................................... 5.1 3.1 2.9 Q Q 0.5 Q 1.1 Q 25.5

 30 to 39 Years ................................... 14.0 7.3 6.5 0.8 1.5 1.6 Q 3.1 Q 15.7

 40 to 49 Years ................................... 14.0 7.4 6.9 0.5 1.3 1.6 0.8 3.0 Q 15.4

 50 to 59 Years ................................... 9.0 5.3 4.9 Q 0.4 0.4 Q 2.5 Q 22.4

 60 to 69 Years ................................... 5.3 3.3 3.2 Q Q Q Q 1.2 Q 24.9

 70 to 79 Years ................................... 3.7 2.7 2.6 Q Q Q Q 0.5 Q 27.5

 80 Years and Over ............................ 0.9 0.6 0.6 QQQQQQ 36.6

 Don’t Know ........................................ 35.6 22.7 21.4 1.3 1.5 2.7 1.1 7.5 Q 21.0

See footnotes at end of table.

88 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.14. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Vehicle Type, 1994 (Continued)

 (Billion Gallons)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle

Types

Type of Vehicle

RSE

Row

Factor:

Passenger Cars

MinivanSport

Utility

Large

Van

Pickup

All Sedan Truck Other

Station

Wagon

0.4 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.9 0.8 3.9

Sex of Primary Driver

 Female .............................................. 23.5 17.0 16.0 1.1 2.9 1.8 0.6 1.2 Q 11.7

 Male .................................................. 31.5 15.0 14.0 1.1 1.1 3.0 1.2 10.9 Q 11.9

 Don’t Know ........................................ 35.6 22.6 21.3 1.3 1.5 2.7 1.1 7.5 Q 20.9

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .............................. 0.7 0.6 0.6 QQQQQQ 102.4

 Only 1 ................................................ 14.8 11.2 10.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 Q 1.9 Q 19.0

 Between 1 and 2 ............................... 5.4 3.4 3.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 Q 1.0 Q 32.1

 Only 2 ................................................ 32.9 18.8 17.6 1.2 2.5 3.2 1.2 7.2 Q 12.7

 Between 2 and 3 ............................... 8.5 4.7 4.5 0.2 0.6 1.1 Q 1.9 Q 22.2

 Only 3 ................................................ 14.5 8.0 7.4 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 4.0 Q 21.2

 Between 3 and 4 ............................... 4.9 2.9 2.7 Q Q 0.4 Q 1.3 Q 37.4

 4 or More ........................................... 8.7 5.1 4.8 0.3 0.4 0.6 Q 2.2 Q 27.3

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year 

 1994 to 1995 ..................................... 5.0 2.4 2.3 Q 0.7 0.6 Q 1.3 Q 25.3

 1993 .................................................. 6.6 3.8 3.5 0.3 0.8 0.8 Q 1.1 Q 22.0

 1992 .................................................. 6.9 4.3 4.1 Q 0.7 0.8 Q 1.1 Q 21.5

 1989 to 1991 ..................................... 20.7 11.8 11.4 0.4 2.0 2.1 0.7 4.0 Q 14.5

 1986 to 1988 ..................................... 19.0 12.4 11.7 0.8 1.1 1.6 Q 3.3 Q 15.1

 1983 to 1985 ..................................... 13.3 8.7 7.7 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.7 2.8 Q 19.7

 1980 to 1982 ..................................... 5.6 4.0 3.6 0.4 Q Q Q 1.1 Q 29.8

 1977 to 1979 ..................................... 6.3 3.6 3.4 Q Q Q Q 2.2 Q 38.0

 1976 or Earlier ................................... 7.2 3.8 3.6 Q Q Q Q 2.6 Q 34.9

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

 10.9 or Less ...................................... 4.1 1.0 0.9 Q Q 0.3 Q 1.9 0.4 25.7

 11 to 12.9 .......................................... 6.5 2.3 2.1 Q Q 0.9 Q 2.9 Q 34.8

 13 to 15.9 .......................................... 12.6 3.8 3.6 Q Q 1.5 1.5 5.7 Q 20.9

 16 to 18.9 .......................................... 15.9 6.8 6.2 0.5 1.7 3.2 Q 3.8 Q 16.0

 19 to 21.9 .......................................... 20.8 13.2 12.5 0.7 3.3 1.3 Q 2.9 Q 15.2

 22 to 24.9 .......................................... 15.5 13.3 12.4 0.9 0.4 Q Q 1.7 Q 17.2

 25 to 29.9 .......................................... 12.0 11.3 10.6 0.7 Q Q Q 0.7 Q 16.1

 30 or More ......................................... 3.2 3.1 2.9 QQQQQQ 33.0

Engine Size (liters)

 2.49 or Less ...................................... 27.4 22.9 21.2 1.7 0.7 0.4 Q 3.4 Q 14.8

 2.50 to 3.49 ....................................... 17.5 10.4 9.8 0.6 3.3 1.6 Q 2.0 Q 13.5

 3.50 to 4.49 ....................................... 15.1 8.1 7.8 0.4 1.5 3.1 Q 2.0 Q 18.2

 4.50 or Greater .................................. 30.6 13.2 12.5 0.7 Q 2.3 2.5 12.1 0.4 14.5

Number of Cylinders

 4 ........................................................ 28.3 22.8 21.1 1.7 1.1 0.6 Q 3.8 Q 12.9

 6 ........................................................ 32.3 17.4 16.4 1.0 4.4 4.6 0.6 5.3 Q 12.4

 8 ........................................................ 29.4 14.0 13.3 0.7 Q 2.2 2.3 10.5 0.4 14.4

 Other ................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.5 QQQQQQ 60.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 89
Table 5.14. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Vehicle Type, 1994 (Continued)

 (Billion Gallons)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle

Types

Type of Vehicle

RSE

Row

Factor:

Passenger Cars

MinivanSport

Utility

Large

Van

Pickup

All Sedan Truck Other

Station

Wagon

0.4 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.9 0.8 3.9

Type of Transmission

 Automatic .......................................... 69.8 45.0 42.4 2.6 5.1 5.8 2.7 10.8 0.4 8.9

 Manual Shift ...................................... 20.7 9.7 8.9 0.8 0.4 1.7 Q 8.8 Q 16.7

Type of Drive

 Front-Wheel ...................................... 38.1 32.7 30.9 1.8 3.4 Q Q 1.4 Q 10.6

 Rear-Wheel ....................................... 39.7 21.2 19.8 1.3 1.6 1.6 2.7 12.3 0.3 12.9

 4-Wheel ............................................. 12.7 0.9 0.5 0.3 Q 5.4 Q 5.9 Q 24.5

Type of Fuel System

 Carburetor ......................................... 43.9 25.7 23.4 2.3 0.9 2.7 2.1 12.3 Q 13.0

 Fuel Injection ..................................... 45.3 28.6 27.4 1.2 4.7 4.7 0.8 6.4 Q 10.4

 Diesel Engine .................................... 1.4 0.4 0.4 Q Q Q Q 0.9 Q 54.8

Type of Fuel Purchased

 Motor Gasoline .................................. 88.3 53.8 50.4 3.4 5.5 7.3 2.9 18.4 0.4 8.1

 Unleaded ......................................... 87.0 53.1 49.7 3.4 5.5 7.3 2.9 17.9 0.4 8.1

 Regular Grade ............................... 59.9 35.7 33.4 2.4 3.9 4.7 2.1 13.2 Q 9.3

 Intermediate Grade ....................... 11.7 7.2 6.7 0.5 0.7 1.3 Q 2.1 Q 18.7

 Premium Grade ............................. 15.4 10.2 9.7 Q 0.8 1.4 Q 2.6 Q 18.4

 Leaded ............................................ 1.2 Q Q QQQQQQ 97.7

 Gasohol ............................................. 0.9 0.6 0.6 QQQQQQ 63.8

 Diesel Fuel ........................................ 1.2 0.3 0.3 Q Q Q Q 0.9 Q 59.3

Type of Primary Service

 Full-Service Pumps ........................... 6.8 5.0 4.7 0.3 0.4 0.5 Q 0.8 Q 35.2

 Self or Mini-Service Pumps ............... 82.0 48.7 45.6 3.0 5.1 6.7 2.7 18.4 0.4 8.4

 Both Equally ...................................... 1.6 1.0 0.9 QQQQQQ 62.3

 Bulk Sales/Other ............................... Q Q Q QQQQQQQ

Vehicle Use for Commuting

to and from Work

 Yes .................................................... 58.2 34.7 32.4 2.3 3.5 5.4 1.6 13.0 Q 9.5

 No ...................................................... 32.4 20.0 18.9 1.2 2.0 2.1 1.2 6.6 0.4 12.6

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately .5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 unless the member is the householder or spouse.• To obtain the RSE

percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for

households with vehicles for personal use. • Percentages are calculated on unrounded numbers. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and

Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D for the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

90 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.15. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle

 Type, 1994

 (Thousand Miles per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle

Types

Type of Vehicle

RSE

Row

Factor:

Passenger Cars

MinivanSport

Utility

Large

Van

Pickup

All Sedan Truck Other

Station

Wagon

0.3 0.4 0.4 1.4 0.9 1.2 2.4 0.8 5.4

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 11.4 11.3 11.2 12.1 13.4 12.7 11.7 11.1 7.1 4.2

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ........................................... 11.3 11.0 10.9 12.2 12.5 12.5 Q 11.4 Q 8.1

 New England ................................... 11.1 10.5 10.4 11.1 Q 12.0 Q 12.3 Q 10.3

 Middle Atlantic ................................. 11.3 11.2 11.1 12.9 12.5 12.7 Q 10.9 Q 10.0

 Midwest ............................................. 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 14.0 11.0 13.1 10.8 Q 6.2

 East North Central ........................... 11.6 11.5 11.5 10.8 13.9 10.7 13.1 10.9 Q 7.1

 West North Central .......................... 11.8 12.0 11.9 13.0 14.5 Q Q 10.6 Q 9.5

 South ................................................. 11.7 11.4 11.4 12.5 13.8 14.7 11.4 11.4 Q 7.5

 South Atlantic .................................. 12.1 11.9 11.8 13.6 12.7 15.0 10.6 12.1 Q 10.1

 East South Central .......................... 10.9 10.7 10.7 Q 14.4 13.9 Q 10.2 Q 20.9

 West South Central ......................... 11.6 11.0 11.0 Q 15.6 14.6 Q 11.4 Q 14.1

 West .................................................. 10.9 10.8 10.7 12.0 12.6 11.3 9.4 10.8 Q 11.0

 Mountain ......................................... 10.7 10.5 10.3 Q Q 11.0 Q 10.7 Q 19.4

 Pacific .............................................. 10.9 10.9 10.9 11.6 12.4 11.5 Q 10.9 Q 12.6

Largest Populated States

 California ............................................ 11.1 11.1 11.0 13.0 12.6 11.2 Q 11.5 Q 15.3

 Florida ............................................. 11.8 11.0 10.9 Q 12.2 15.5 Q 13.8 Q 13.3

 New York .......................................... 11.4 11.4 11.2 13.4 Q Q Q 10.7 Q 11.6

 Texas ............................................ 11.3 10.6 10.7 Q Q 14.6 Q 11.0 Q 11.7

Urban Status

 Urban ................................................ 11.4 11.2 11.1 12.3 13.2 12.5 11.5 11.2 Q 4.7

 Central City ..................................... 10.8 10.7 10.6 11.7 12.1 12.4 10.7 10.5 Q 9.3

 Suburban ......................................... 11.7 11.5 11.4 12.6 13.7 12.6 12.0 11.5 Q 5.6

 Rural .................................................. 11.6 11.5 11.6 11.1 14.3 13.3 12.3 10.9 Q 7.6

Household Size

 1 Person ............................................ 10.1 9.9 10.0 9.5 Q 12.0 Q 10.6 Q 16.2

 2 Persons .......................................... 10.9 10.8 10.7 12.7 12.8 12.4 10.1 10.7 Q 7.9

 3 Persons .......................................... 11.9 12.0 11.9 12.5 13.0 13.8 12.5 11.0 Q 9.0

 4 Persons .......................................... 12.0 11.6 11.7 11.0 14.0 12.3 11.5 12.5 Q 9.7

 5 Persons .......................................... 12.2 12.2 11.9 14.6 13.4 12.0 14.4 11.2 Q 13.0

 6 or More Persons ............................. 13.3 14.1 14.3 Q 14.4 Q Q 10.1 Q 18.8

Household Composition

 Households with Children ................. 12.3 12.3 12.2 12.7 13.8 12.7 12.5 11.6 Q 6.1

 Age of Oldest Child

 Under 7 Years ............................... 12.1 12.0 12.0 12.2 12.7 12.7 Q 12.0 Q 12.2

 7 to 15 Years ................................. 12.3 12.1 12.1 12.9 14.4 13.0 12.3 11.4 Q 8.4

 16 or 17 Years ............................... 12.5 12.8 12.7 12.9 13.3 11.8 Q 11.5 Q 12.9

 Households Without Children ............ 10.8 10.7 10.6 11.5 12.1 12.7 10.8 10.8 Q 6.2

 One Adult ........................................ 10.1 9.9 10.0 9.5 Q 12.0 Q 10.6 Q 16.2

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 13.0 13.2 13.2 QQQQ 11.5 Q 25.8

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 11.2 11.2 11.2 QQQQ 12.0 Q 17.7

 60 Years or More ........................ 7.6 7.6 7.6 Q Q Q Q 7.7 Q 18.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 91
Table 5.15. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle

 Type, 1994 (Continued)

 (Thousand Miles per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle

Types

Type of Vehicle

RSE

Row

Factor:

Passenger Cars

MinivanSport

Utility

Large

Van

Pickup

All Sedan Truck Other

Station

Wagon

0.3 0.4 0.4 1.4 0.9 1.2 2.4 0.8 5.4

Household Composition

 Two or More Adults ......................... 11.0 10.9 10.9 12.2 12.5 12.8 10.8 10.8 Q 6.5

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 12.7 12.5 12.5 Q Q 13.1 Q 12.6 Q 17.8

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 11.6 11.5 11.5 11.4 12.7 12.6 11.9 11.5 Q 10.0

 60 Years or More ........................ 9.3 9.3 9.2 12.2 11.3 12.7 9.1 8.8 Q 10.7

Race of Householder

 White ................................................. 11.5 11.3 11.3 12.1 13.6 12.5 12.1 11.2 7.1 4.3

 Black ................................................. 11.2 11.1 11.1 QQQQ 10.7 Q 18.5

 Other ................................................. 10.9 11.0 10.8 QQQQ 10.0 Q 24.3

Hispanic Descent

 Yes .................................................... 11.4 11.4 11.2 Q 11.5 12.4 Q 11.1 Q 19.2

 No ...................................................... 11.4 11.3 11.2 11.9 13.5 12.7 11.7 11.1 7.3 4.3

1993 Family Income

 Less than $5,000 ............................... 11.5 11.7 11.6 QQQQQQ 26.1

 $5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 9.9 9.8 9.7 Q Q Q Q 9.5 Q 29.9

 $10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.8 Q Q Q 9.6 Q 13.1

 $15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 10.7 10.6 10.6 11.1 Q 10.8 Q 11.0 Q 16.8

 $20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 11.0 11.1 11.0 12.4 12.7 11.1 Q 10.6 Q 17.1

 $25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 11.9 11.9 11.8 12.2 14.9 12.8 11.7 11.4 Q 9.5

 $35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 11.6 11.3 11.3 12.3 13.8 12.5 12.6 11.3 Q 7.9

 $50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 11.8 11.7 11.7 13.0 13.0 13.9 10.4 11.0 Q 8.9

 $75,000 or More ................................ 12.3 11.8 11.8 12.5 13.5 13.2 Q 13.3 Q 11.9

Below Poverty Line

 100 Percent ....................................... 10.7 10.8 10.8 11.9 Q Q Q 9.5 Q 18.7

 125 Percent ....................................... 10.9 11.0 11.0 11.4 12.5 10.7 Q 9.9 Q 14.5

 150 Percent ....................................... 11.1 11.2 11.2 11.5 13.1 10.5 11.2 10.3 Q 13.0

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 10.9 11.1 11.0 11.7 12.6 10.0 11.2 10.2 Q 12.4

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 ........................................................ 10.3 10.2 10.2 10.6 10.8 11.8 10.8 10.3 Q 13.1

 2 ........................................................ 11.6 11.4 11.3 12.5 13.8 12.9 10.7 11.2 Q 5.1

 3 ........................................................ 12.0 12.0 11.9 13.3 14.9 12.8 15.4 10.7 Q 10.8

 4 or More ........................................... 12.8 12.9 12.9 Q Q 11.3 Q 13.6 Q 16.4

Age of Primary Driver

 16 to 17 Years ................................... 9.6 10.1 10.1 QQQQQQ 64.0

 18 to 22 Years ................................... 12.9 12.8 12.9 QQQQ 14.0 Q 17.0

 23 to 29 Years ................................... 13.3 13.0 13.0 Q Q 15.9 Q 12.8 Q 13.5

 30 to 39 Years ................................... 12.2 12.3 12.3 12.5 12.6 12.4 Q 11.6 Q 8.4

 40 to 49 Years ................................... 12.4 12.2 12.1 12.8 15.6 12.7 13.6 11.6 Q 8.4

 50 to 59 Years ................................... 11.6 11.9 11.7 Q 12.4 11.7 Q 11.1 Q 12.1

 60 to 69 Years ................................... 9.3 9.1 9.1 Q Q Q Q 9.1 Q 14.1

 70 to 79 Years ................................... 7.9 8.2 8.0 Q Q Q Q 6.0 Q 17.1

 80 Years and Over ............................ 6.1 5.4 5.4 QQQQQQ 32.6

 Don’t Know ........................................ 11.5 11.4 11.4 11.7 12.8 12.9 11.8 11.4 Q 11.5

See footnotes at end of table.

92 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.15. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle

 Type, 1994 (Continued)

 (Thousand Miles per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle

Types

Type of Vehicle

RSE

Row

Factor:

Passenger Cars

MinivanSport

Utility

Large

Van

Pickup

All Sedan Truck Other

Station

Wagon

0.3 0.4 0.4 1.4 0.9 1.2 2.4 0.8 5.4

Sex of Primary Driver

 Female .............................................. 11.7 11.2 11.2 12.2 14.1 14.0 15.4 11.0 Q 6.4

 Male .................................................. 11.1 11.1 11.0 12.5 12.7 11.8 10.3 10.9 Q 6.3

 Don’t Know ........................................ 11.5 11.4 11.4 11.7 12.8 12.9 11.8 11.4 Q 11.5

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .............................. 10.9 10.9 11.0 QQQQQQ 80.4

 Only 1 ................................................ 10.7 10.5 10.4 11.3 12.5 12.6 Q 11.7 Q 12.0

 Between 1 and 2 ............................... 12.6 12.5 12.5 12.8 15.6 12.4 Q 12.7 Q 17.3

 Only 2 ................................................ 11.6 11.3 11.3 11.9 13.7 12.9 13.3 11.0 Q 6.8

 Between 2 and 3 ............................... 12.0 11.9 11.7 14.5 14.3 14.7 Q 11.1 Q 12.3

 Only 3 ................................................ 10.9 10.8 10.7 13.1 13.9 12.2 10.5 10.4 Q 11.9

 Between 3 and 4 ............................... 12.7 12.5 12.5 Q Q 12.6 Q 13.7 Q 22.2

 4 or More ........................................... 11.4 12.0 12.1 10.9 11.3 10.1 Q 10.3 Q 14.1

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year 

 1994 to 1995 ..................................... 14.3 13.9 13.8 Q 16.3 13.2 Q 14.8 Q 12.6

 1993 .................................................. 13.7 13.3 13.4 13.0 16.0 14.1 Q 13.9 Q 11.4

 1992 .................................................. 13.1 13.0 12.8 Q 15.9 13.6 Q 12.5 Q 11.5

 1989 to 1991 ..................................... 12.4 11.8 11.8 12.6 13.2 14.6 16.0 13.3 Q 7.2

 1986 to 1988 ..................................... 11.3 11.3 11.2 11.7 11.2 13.0 11.0 11.2 Q 9.1

 1983 to 1985 ..................................... 10.6 10.5 10.4 11.8 10.0 10.9 11.8 10.6 Q 12.2

 1980 to 1982 ..................................... 9.8 10.1 10.0 11.9 Q Q Q 8.8 Q 22.4

 1977 to 1979 ..................................... 9.3 9.6 9.7 Q Q Q Q 8.9 Q 31.1

 1976 or Earlier ................................... 8.2 8.3 8.1 Q Q Q Q 8.4 Q 26.5

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

 10.9 or Less ...................................... 5.6 4.9 4.8 Q Q 4.1 Q 5.6 7.1 21.4

 11 to 12.9 .......................................... 8.8 7.4 7.1 Q Q 11.0 Q 9.8 Q 27.3

 13 to 15.9 .......................................... 9.7 7.2 7.3 Q Q 12.5 12.5 11.1 Q 12.1

 16 to 18.9 .......................................... 10.5 8.6 8.4 11.8 11.2 13.5 Q 12.5 Q 8.8

 19 to 21.9 .......................................... 12.0 11.2 11.1 12.6 15.2 15.8 Q 12.1 Q 7.6

 22 to 24.9 .......................................... 12.8 12.7 12.8 12.0 15.8 Q Q 13.1 Q 7.0

 25 to 29.9 .......................................... 13.0 12.9 12.9 13.6 Q Q Q 15.0 Q 8.2

 30 or More ......................................... 14.7 14.8 14.8 QQQQQQ 12.8

Engine Size (liters)

 2.49 or Less ...................................... 11.7 11.7 11.6 12.2 11.6 13.3 Q 11.5 Q 8.6

 2.50 to 3.49 ....................................... 12.1 11.6 11.6 12.3 13.9 12.5 Q 11.7 Q 8.2

 3.50 to 4.49 ....................................... 11.7 11.1 11.2 10.7 13.3 13.4 Q 11.6 Q 11.1

 4.50 or Greater .................................. 10.5 10.1 10.0 12.3 Q 11.6 11.7 10.7 6.8 8.2

Number of Cylinders

 4 ........................................................ 11.6 11.6 11.5 12.2 11.8 11.9 Q 11.5 Q 7.9

 6 ........................................................ 12.1 11.6 11.6 12.3 13.9 13.1 11.3 11.6 Q 7.4

 8 ........................................................ 10.5 10.1 10.1 11.2 Q 11.9 11.8 10.6 6.7 8.4

 Other ................................................. 10.6 10.6 10.6 QQQQQQ 50.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 93
Table 5.15. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle

 Type, 1994 (Continued)

 (Thousand Miles per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle

Types

Type of Vehicle

RSE

Row

Factor:

Passenger Cars

MinivanSport

Utility

Large

Van

Pickup

All Sedan Truck Other

Station

Wagon

0.3 0.4 0.4 1.4 0.9 1.2 2.4 0.8 5.4

Type of Transmission

 Automatic .......................................... 11.4 11.1 11.0 12.1 13.5 13.2 11.8 11.1 7.4 4.8

 Manual Shift ...................................... 11.6 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.5 11.3 Q 11.1 Q 9.2

Type of Drive

 Front-Wheel ...................................... 11.9 11.8 11.7 12.5 13.7 Q Q 11.8 Q 5.4

 Rear-Wheel ....................................... 10.8 10.4 10.4 11.5 12.4 13.4 11.8 11.0 6.6 7.5

 4-Wheel ............................................. 11.9 11.6 11.4 11.9 Q 12.4 Q 11.3 Q 12.4

Type of Fuel System

 Carburetor ......................................... 10.5 10.6 10.4 11.8 10.9 11.0 10.6 10.3 Q 7.6

 Fuel Injection ..................................... 12.4 11.9 11.9 12.6 14.0 13.8 15.0 12.7 Q 4.7

 Diesel Engine .................................... 11.5 11.3 11.3 QQQQ 11.6 Q 32.8

Type of Fuel Purchased

 Motor Gasoline .................................. 11.4 11.3 11.2 12.1 13.4 12.7 11.7 11.0 7.0 4.3

 Unleaded ......................................... 11.5 11.3 11.2 12.1 13.4 12.8 11.9 11.1 6.9 4.2

 Regular Grade ............................... 11.5 11.5 11.4 12.0 13.4 12.8 11.9 10.8 Q 5.3

 Intermediate Grade ....................... 11.5 11.2 11.0 12.9 13.0 12.4 Q 12.3 Q 10.1

 Premium Grade ............................. 11.2 10.8 10.8 11.8 13.4 13.0 Q 11.4 Q 10.9

 Leaded ............................................ Q Q Q QQQQQQ 100.0

 Gasohol ............................................. 11.7 12.3 12.3 QQQQQQ 32.5

 Diesel Fuel ........................................ 12.0 10.4 10.5 QQQQ 13.4 Q 40.6

Type of Primary Service

 Full-Service Pumps ........................... 9.9 9.9 9.9 10.5 10.4 11.0 Q 8.7 Q 19.9

 Self or Mini-Service Pumps ............... 11.6 11.5 11.4 12.3 13.8 12.8 11.6 11.3 7.1 4.3

 Both Equally ...................................... 10.3 10.2 10.1 QQQQQQ 36.1

 Bulk Sales/Other ............................... Q Q Q QQQQQQQ

Vehicle Use for Commuting

to and from Work

 Yes .................................................... 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.8 14.2 13.1 13.0 11.9 Q 4.8

 No ...................................................... 10.0 9.9 9.8 10.9 12.2 11.6 10.2 9.8 7.1 7.4

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately .5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includesmembers under age 18 unless the member is the householder or spouse.• To obtain the RSE percentage

for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for households

with vehicles for personal use. • Percentages are calculated on unrounded numbers. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and

Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D for the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

94 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.16. U.S. Number of Vehicles by Vehicle Type, 1994

 (Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle

Types

Type of Vehicle

RSE

Row

Factor:

Passenger Cars

MinivanSport

Utility

Large

Van

Pickup

All Sedan Truck Other

Station

Wagon

0.4 0.4 0.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 2.0 0.8 4.0

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 156.8 106.4 100.3 6.2 8.1 9.5 3.4 28.8 0.6 6.7

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ........................................... 26.6 19.7 17.9 1.9 1.3 1.7 Q 3.5 Q 12.4

 New England ................................... 7.6 5.3 4.6 0.7 Q 0.6 Q 1.2 Q 27.1

 Middle Atlantic ................................. 19.0 14.4 13.3 1.2 0.9 1.1 Q 2.3 Q 12.9

 Midwest ............................................. 41.1 28.7 27.1 1.6 2.5 1.5 1.3 7.1 Q 11.1

 East North Central ........................... 29.0 20.2 19.2 1.0 1.8 1.1 1.1 4.7 Q 13.3

 West North Central .......................... 12.1 8.5 7.9 0.6 0.6 Q Q 2.4 Q 18.0

 South ................................................. 56.0 37.3 35.7 1.5 2.7 3.4 1.1 11.3 Q 12.3

 South Atlantic .................................. 28.4 19.7 18.7 1.0 1.5 1.9 0.6 4.7 Q 15.3

 East South Central .......................... 11.1 7.2 7.0 Q 0.4 0.5 Q 2.7 Q 19.0

 West South Central ......................... 16.4 10.4 10.1 Q 0.7 1.0 Q 3.9 Q 28.4

 West .................................................. 33.1 20.8 19.6 1.2 1.6 2.9 0.7 6.8 Q 14.7

 Mountain ......................................... 9.8 5.5 5.3 Q Q 1.0 Q 2.3 Q 19.1

 Pacific .............................................. 23.3 15.3 14.3 1.0 1.1 1.8 Q 4.6 Q 19.5

Largest Populated States

 California ............................................ 17.0 11.1 10.5 0.6 0.9 1.3 Q 3.2 Q 24.2

 Florida ............................................. 8.8 6.3 5.9 Q 0.5 0.7 Q 1.1 Q 18.4

 New York .......................................... 7.8 6.0 5.5 0.5 Q Q Q 0.8 Q 16.8

 Texas ............................................ 11.0 7.1 6.9 Q Q 0.8 Q 2.4 Q 35.5

Urban Status

 Urban ................................................ 119.4 84.1 79.1 5.0 6.5 7.5 2.7 18.1 Q 7.9

 Central City ..................................... 40.1 29.2 27.5 1.6 2.2 2.3 1.0 5.3 Q 15.9

 Suburban ......................................... 79.3 55.0 51.6 3.4 4.4 5.3 1.8 12.7 Q 10.0

 Rural .................................................. 37.4 22.3 21.2 1.2 1.5 2.0 0.6 10.7 Q 12.9

Household Size

 1 Person ............................................ 19.5 15.6 14.8 0.8 Q 0.6 Q 2.7 Q 16.7

 2 Persons .......................................... 55.4 39.2 37.7 1.5 1.3 2.9 0.9 10.6 Q 11.9

 3 Persons .......................................... 31.7 21.3 19.8 1.5 1.4 2.2 0.5 6.3 Q 15.7

 4 Persons .......................................... 29.5 18.0 16.7 1.3 2.6 2.2 1.0 5.7 Q 15.1

 5 Persons .......................................... 14.4 8.5 7.7 0.7 1.9 1.3 0.4 2.2 Q 23.2

 6 or More Persons ............................. 6.3 3.9 3.5 Q 0.7 Q Q 1.3 Q 39.1

Household Composition

 Households with Children ................. 64.6 39.9 36.8 3.1 6.1 4.8 1.7 12.0 Q 10.3

 Age of Oldest Child

 Under 7 Years ............................... 17.1 11.2 10.4 0.8 1.3 1.5 Q 2.9 Q 21.4

 7 to 15 Years ................................. 32.3 18.9 17.3 1.7 3.8 2.5 1.0 6.0 Q 13.3

 16 or 17 Years ............................... 15.2 9.8 9.1 0.7 1.1 0.9 Q 3.0 Q 24.3

 Households Without Children ............ 92.2 66.6 63.5 3.1 2.0 4.7 1.7 16.8 Q 9.3

 One Adult ........................................ 19.5 15.6 14.8 0.8 Q 0.6 Q 2.7 Q 16.7

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 4.1 3.0 2.9 Q Q Q Q 0.7 Q 37.6

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 7.6 5.6 5.3 Q Q Q Q 1.2 Q 28.8

 60 Years or More ........................ 7.9 7.0 6.6 Q Q Q Q 0.8 Q 22.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 95
Table 5.16. U.S. Number of Vehicles by Vehicle Type, 1994 (Continued)

 (Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle

Types

Type of Vehicle

RSE

Row

Factor:

Passenger Cars

MinivanSport

Utility

Large

Van

Pickup

All Sedan Truck Other

Station

Wagon

0.4 0.4 0.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 2.0 0.8 4.0

Household Composition

 Two or More Adults ......................... 72.6 51.0 48.7 2.3 1.7 4.1 1.4 14.2 Q 10.3

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 13.8 10.2 9.8 Q Q 1.2 Q 2.1 Q 27.2

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 33.9 22.6 21.4 1.2 0.7 2.2 0.7 7.6 Q 16.7

 60 Years or More ........................ 24.9 18.1 17.4 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 4.5 Q 18.4

Race of Householder

 White ................................................. 138.6 92.3 86.7 5.6 7.3 8.9 2.8 26.7 0.6 6.9

 Black ................................................. 11.2 9.1 8.8 Q Q Q Q 1.1 Q 32.4

 Other ................................................. 7.0 5.0 4.8 Q Q Q Q 1.0 Q 49.0

Hispanic Descent

 Yes .................................................... 10.7 7.0 6.6 Q 0.5 0.8 Q 2.1 Q 29.7

 No ...................................................... 146.1 99.5 93.6 5.8 7.6 8.8 3.0 26.7 0.5 7.0

1993 Family Income

 Less than $5,000 ............................... 3.1 2.5 2.4 Q Q Q Q Q Q 50.8

 $5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 7.8 6.2 5.8 Q Q Q Q 1.3 Q 31.4

 $10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 12.5 9.3 8.8 0.5 Q Q Q 2.2 Q 21.8

 $15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 14.2 10.3 9.8 0.6 Q 0.7 Q 2.5 Q 25.0

 $20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 14.4 9.7 9.0 0.6 0.8 0.7 Q 2.8 Q 22.1

 $25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 24.1 15.7 14.5 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.5 5.2 Q 16.0

 $35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 33.6 21.5 20.3 1.2 2.1 2.3 0.8 6.9 Q 14.5

 $50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 28.0 18.2 17.3 0.9 2.0 2.3 0.6 4.9 Q 16.8

 $75,000 or More ................................ 19.1 13.0 12.3 0.7 1.0 1.7 Q 2.7 Q 21.8

Below Poverty Line

 100 Percent ....................................... 12.4 9.5 8.9 0.5 Q Q Q 1.8 Q 27.7

 125 Percent ....................................... 18.2 13.4 12.3 1.0 0.8 0.5 Q 3.0 Q 23.3

 150 Percent ....................................... 25.7 18.6 17.3 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.5 4.5 Q 19.9

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 31.8 23.3 21.5 1.8 1.2 1.1 0.6 5.5 Q 17.6

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 ........................................................ 32.4 25.3 23.8 1.5 0.8 1.0 0.6 4.5 Q 16.0

 2 ........................................................ 91.6 59.3 56.0 3.3 5.8 6.7 1.9 17.6 Q 8.7

 3 ........................................................ 22.2 14.3 13.4 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.7 4.8 Q 19.8

 4 or More ........................................... 9.7 6.7 6.4 Q Q 0.5 Q 1.8 Q 32.7

Age of Primary Driver

 16 to 17 Years ................................... 1.1 0.8 0.8 Q Q Q Q Q Q 67.0

 18 to 22 Years ................................... 4.4 3.5 3.3 Q Q Q Q 0.7 Q 32.7

 23 to 29 Years ................................... 8.4 5.8 5.6 Q Q 0.6 Q 1.5 Q 22.2

 30 to 39 Years ................................... 22.6 13.4 12.1 1.3 2.3 2.0 Q 4.3 Q 13.8

 40 to 49 Years ................................... 22.3 13.5 12.6 0.9 1.7 2.0 0.8 4.2 Q 13.9

 50 to 59 Years ................................... 14.9 9.7 9.2 Q 0.7 0.6 Q 3.4 Q 19.6

 60 to 69 Years ................................... 10.6 7.4 7.0 Q Q Q Q 2.2 Q 21.5

 70 to 79 Years ................................... 8.6 6.6 6.4 Q Q Q Q 1.1 Q 22.5

 80 Years and Over ............................ 2.6 2.2 2.1 Q Q Q Q Q Q 34.5

 Don’t Know ........................................ 61.3 43.4 41.0 2.4 2.3 3.5 1.2 10.8 Q 19.2

See footnotes at end of table.

96 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.16. U.S. Number of Vehicles by Vehicle Type, 1994 (Continued)

 (Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle

Types

Type of Vehicle

RSE

Row

Factor:

Passenger Cars

MinivanSport

Utility

Large

Van

Pickup

All Sedan Truck Other

Station

Wagon

0.4 0.4 0.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 2.0 0.8 4.0

Sex of Primary Driver

 Female .............................................. 43.4 34.8 32.7 2.1 4.0 2.1 0.6 1.9 Q 9.9

 Male .................................................. 52.2 28.5 26.8 1.7 1.7 4.0 1.6 16.1 Q 9.8

 Don’t Know ........................................ 61.2 43.2 40.8 2.4 2.3 3.5 1.2 10.8 Q 19.3

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .............................. 1.3 1.2 1.1 Q Q Q Q Q Q 88.4

 Only 1 ................................................ 28.6 23.5 22.2 1.3 1.1 0.9 Q 2.7 Q 15.8

 Between 1 and 2 ............................... 8.4 5.9 5.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 Q 1.3 Q 28.2

 Only 2 ................................................ 56.9 37.0 34.7 2.3 3.5 4.0 1.2 11.1 Q 11.1

 Between 2 and 3 ............................... 13.5 8.6 8.2 0.4 0.9 1.2 Q 2.6 Q 20.4

 Only 3 ................................................ 25.2 15.9 15.0 0.9 1.0 1.3 0.8 6.1 Q 17.8

 Between 3 and 4 ............................... 7.9 5.2 4.9 Q Q 0.5 Q 1.7 Q 32.3

 4 or More ........................................... 14.8 9.3 8.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 Q 3.3 Q 25.2

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year 

 1994 to 1995 ..................................... 7.2 4.1 4.0 Q 0.8 0.8 Q 1.5 Q 21.8

 1993 .................................................. 10.4 6.9 6.3 0.5 1.0 1.0 Q 1.4 Q 20.2

 1992 .................................................. 11.4 7.8 7.6 Q 0.8 1.0 Q 1.6 Q 20.0

 1989 to 1991 ..................................... 35.0 23.6 23.0 0.7 2.9 2.5 0.7 5.2 Q 12.7

 1986 to 1988 ..................................... 36.3 26.1 24.6 1.5 1.9 2.0 Q 5.6 Q 12.8

 1983 to 1985 ..................................... 25.6 18.2 16.3 1.9 0.5 1.1 0.8 4.7 Q 15.8

 1980 to 1982 ..................................... 10.9 8.1 7.4 0.7 Q Q Q 2.1 Q 23.5

 1977 to 1979 ..................................... 9.5 5.6 5.2 Q Q Q Q 3.2 Q 24.0

 1976 or Earlier ................................... 10.6 6.0 5.8 Q Q 0.6 Q 3.5 Q 29.3

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

 10.9 or Less ...................................... 7.0 1.9 1.9 Q Q 0.7 0.6 3.3 0.6 21.1

 11 to 12.9 .......................................... 8.9 3.7 3.6 Q Q 1.0 Q 3.5 Q 22.4

 13 to 15.9 .......................................... 18.9 7.7 7.2 Q Q 1.8 1.8 7.5 Q 15.2

 16 to 18.9 .......................................... 26.5 13.9 13.1 0.8 2.8 4.2 Q 5.2 Q 14.2

 19 to 21.9 .......................................... 35.2 24.2 23.1 1.1 4.4 1.6 Q 4.9 Q 13.5

 22 to 24.9 .......................................... 28.2 24.4 22.7 1.7 0.6 Q Q 3.1 Q 15.9

 25 to 29.9 .......................................... 24.9 23.6 22.2 1.4 Q Q Q 1.2 Q 14.8

 30 or More ......................................... 7.2 7.0 6.6 Q Q Q Q Q Q 29.5

Engine Size (liters)

 2.49 or Less ...................................... 59.8 51.3 47.7 3.6 1.1 0.6 Q 6.7 Q 12.7

 2.50 to 3.49 ....................................... 30.1 19.4 18.4 1.0 4.8 2.3 Q 3.5 Q 12.6

 3.50 to 4.49 ....................................... 24.0 14.5 13.8 0.7 2.1 3.9 Q 3.1 Q 15.9

 4.50 or Greater .................................. 42.8 21.2 20.2 0.9 Q 2.6 2.9 15.4 0.5 12.2

Number of Cylinders

 4 ........................................................ 61.5 51.3 47.7 3.6 1.9 1.0 Q 7.4 Q 11.3

 6 ........................................................ 52.3 31.3 29.7 1.6 6.2 6.1 0.8 8.0 Q 10.8

 8 ........................................................ 41.6 22.6 21.6 1.0 Q 2.5 2.6 13.4 0.5 12.5

 Other ................................................. 1.3 1.3 1.3 Q Q Q Q Q Q 56.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 97
Table 5.16. U.S. Number of Vehicles by Vehicle Type, 1994 (Continued)

 (Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle

Types

Type of Vehicle

RSE

Row

Factor:

Passenger Cars

MinivanSport

Utility

Large

Van

Pickup

All Sedan Truck Other

Station

Wagon

0.4 0.4 0.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 2.0 0.8 4.0

Type of Transmission

 Automatic .......................................... 117.5 84.8 80.3 4.5 7.5 7.0 3.2 14.6 0.5 7.5

 Manual Shift ...................................... 39.3 21.7 19.9 1.7 0.6 2.5 Q 14.2 Q 15.0

Type of Drive

 Front-Wheel ...................................... 74.9 66.9 63.5 3.5 5.1 Q Q 2.2 Q 9.6

 Rear-Wheel ....................................... 64.3 37.8 35.8 2.0 2.5 2.0 3.1 18.4 0.5 10.4

 4-Wheel ............................................. 17.6 1.7 1.0 0.7 Q 7.1 Q 8.3 Q 21.2

Type of Fuel System

 Carburetor ......................................... 76.4 49.6 45.5 4.0 1.6 3.6 2.6 18.7 Q 10.0

 Fuel Injection ..................................... 78.2 55.9 53.8 2.1 6.5 5.9 0.8 8.8 Q 9.2

 Diesel Engine .................................... 2.2 0.9 0.9 Q Q Q Q 1.2 Q 48.0

Type of Fuel Purchased

 Motor Gasoline .................................. 153.4 104.8 98.6 6.2 8.0 9.4 3.4 27.3 0.5 6.8

 Unleaded ......................................... 151.5 103.7 97.6 6.1 8.0 9.3 3.3 26.7 0.5 6.8

 Regular Grade ............................... 104.2 69.8 65.5 4.3 5.8 5.9 2.4 19.9 Q 7.5

 Intermediate Grade ....................... 20.6 14.4 13.5 0.9 1.1 1.7 Q 3.0 Q 16.4

 Premium Grade ............................. 26.7 19.5 18.6 0.9 1.2 1.7 Q 3.8 Q 16.2

 Leaded ............................................ 1.9 Q QQQQQQQ 77.9

 Gasohol ............................................. 1.4 0.9 0.9 Q Q Q Q Q Q 61.7

 Diesel Fuel ........................................ 1.8 0.7 0.7 Q Q Q Q 1.0 Q 54.5

Type of Primary Service

 Full-Service Pumps ........................... 13.8 10.8 10.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 Q 1.5 Q 30.1

 Self or Mini-Service Pumps ............... 139.8 93.6 88.3 5.3 7.3 8.6 3.2 26.5 0.6 7.3

 Both Equally ...................................... 2.9 2.0 1.9 Q Q Q Q Q Q 55.5

 Bulk Sales/Other ............................... Q Q QQQQQQQQ

Vehicle Use for Commuting

to and from Work

 Yes .................................................... 95.3 63.8 59.9 3.9 4.8 6.7 1.8 18.1 Q 8.5

 No ...................................................... 61.5 42.6 40.3 2.3 3.2 2.9 1.6 10.6 0.6 10.0

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately .5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includesmembers under age 18 unless the member is the householder or spouse.• To obtain the RSE percentage

for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for households

with vehicles for personal use. • Percentages are calculated on unrounded numbers. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and

Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D for the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

98 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.17. U.S. Number of Households by Vehicle Fuel Expenditures,

 1994

 (Million Households)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All

Expenditure

Categories

Motor Fuel Expenditures

(dollars per household) Percent of Income for Motor Fuel

RSE

Row

Factor:

$500

or

Less

$501

to

$1,000

$1,001

to

$1,500

$1,501

to

$2,000

$2,001

or

More

Less

than

2

2

to

3.9

4

to

5.9

6

to

7.9

8

or

More

0.5 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.6 1.2

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 84.9 15.2 24.8 18.7 13.0 13.2 23.2 26.5 14.6 8.1 12.5 5.6

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ........................................... 14.7 2.9 4.7 3.0 2.1 2.0 5.1 4.8 2.2 1.3 1.4 13.9

 New England ................................... 4.1 0.7 1.4 0.9 0.7 Q 1.2 1.4 0.9 Q Q 24.4

 Middle Atlantic ................................. 10.7 2.2 3.3 2.1 1.5 1.5 3.9 3.3 1.3 1.0 1.1 15.4

 Midwest ............................................. 21.6 3.5 6.5 5.2 3.1 3.3 5.1 7.3 4.3 1.8 3.0 10.0

 East North Central ........................... 15.1 2.5 4.6 3.6 2.1 2.3 3.8 5.4 2.8 1.2 1.9 13.5

 West North Central .......................... 6.5 1.0 1.9 1.7 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.9 1.5 0.6 1.2 12.9

 South ................................................. 30.2 5.8 8.0 6.8 4.7 4.9 7.2 9.4 5.7 3.1 4.9 9.7

 South Atlantic .................................. 15.4 2.6 4.4 3.7 2.2 2.5 3.8 4.7 3.1 1.2 2.5 12.9

 East South Central .......................... 5.4 0.7 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.2 0.7 1.0 18.1

 West South Central ......................... 9.4 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.4 1.5 2.4 3.0 1.5 1.1 1.4 19.0

 West .................................................. 18.4 2.9 5.6 3.7 3.1 3.0 5.7 5.0 2.5 1.9 3.2 12.5

 Mountain ......................................... 5.4 0.7 1.4 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.4 0.8 0.7 1.4 20.8

 Pacific .............................................. 13.0 2.2 4.2 2.6 1.8 2.2 4.7 3.6 1.7 1.1 1.8 15.6

Largest Populated States

 California ............................................ 9.5 1.4 3.3 1.8 1.3 1.7 3.5 2.8 1.1 0.8 1.3 17.3

 Florida ............................................. 4.9 0.9 1.4 1.3 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.2 Q Q 16.9

 New York .......................................... 4.7 1.0 1.7 1.1 0.6 Q 1.9 1.5 0.6 Q Q 18.5

 Texas ............................................ 6.1 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.9 0.9 Q 1.0 21.5

Urban Status

 Urban ................................................ 65.6 11.9 19.7 14.8 9.9 9.3 20.2 21.5 10.5 5.3 8.1 6.8

 Central City ..................................... 24.1 5.6 8.1 5.1 3.1 2.2 7.7 7.9 3.4 2.1 3.1 13.8

 Suburban ......................................... 41.5 6.3 11.7 9.7 6.8 7.1 12.6 13.5 7.2 3.2 5.0 8.7

 Rural .................................................. 19.3 3.2 5.1 3.9 3.1 3.9 3.0 5.0 4.1 2.8 4.4 11.0

Household Size

 1 Person ............................................ 17.0 7.7 6.5 1.9 0.6 Q 6.3 4.8 2.6 1.3 2.0 13.0

 2 Persons .......................................... 30.1 5.0 9.4 7.4 4.7 3.6 8.9 9.4 4.9 3.0 3.9 9.0

 3 Persons .......................................... 15.0 1.2 3.7 4.1 2.7 3.4 3.2 4.9 2.7 1.5 2.7 14.1

 4 Persons .......................................... 13.3 0.8 3.1 3.4 2.7 3.3 2.9 4.7 2.4 1.2 2.1 15.1

 5 Persons .......................................... 6.7 Q 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.3 2.1 1.4 0.8 1.1 21.3

 6 or More Persons ............................. 2.7 Q Q Q 0.6 0.8 Q 0.7 0.6 Q 0.7 32.5

Household Composition

 Households with Children ................. 32.1 2.8 8.2 8.2 6.1 6.8 6.8 10.6 6.0 3.2 5.5 9.8

 Age of Oldest Child

 Under 7 Years ............................... 9.2 1.0 2.6 2.7 1.8 1.3 2.4 3.3 1.5 0.8 1.3 21.4

 7 to 15 Years ................................. 16.5 1.4 4.3 4.1 3.1 3.5 3.4 5.4 3.2 1.6 2.9 13.1

 16 or 17 Years ............................... 6.4 Q 1.3 1.4 1.2 2.1 1.0 1.9 1.3 0.9 1.3 20.8

 Households Without Children ............ 52.7 12.4 16.6 10.5 6.9 6.4 16.4 15.9 8.6 4.9 7.0 7.3

 One Adult ........................................ 17.0 7.7 6.5 1.9 0.6 Q 6.3 4.8 2.6 1.3 2.0 13.0

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 3.4 1.2 1.2 Q Q Q 1.1 1.0 Q Q Q 27.3

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 6.6 2.1 3.2 0.9 Q Q 2.8 1.7 0.9 Q 0.8 20.8

 60 Years or More ........................ 7.0 4.4 2.1 Q Q Q 2.5 2.0 1.2 Q 0.8 16.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 99
Table 5.17. U.S. Number of Households by Vehicle Fuel Expenditures,

 1994 (Continued)

 (Million Households)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All

Expenditure

Categories

Motor Fuel Expenditures

(dollars per household) Percent of Income for Motor Fuel

RSE

Row

Factor:

$500

or

Less

$501

to

$1,000

$1,001

to

$1,500

$1,501

to

$2,000

$2,001

or

More

Less

than

2

2

to

3.9

4

to

5.9

6

to

7.9

8

or

More

0.5 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.6 1.2

Household Composition

 Two or More Adults ......................... 35.8 4.7 10.2 8.6 6.2 6.1 10.1 11.1 6.0 3.6 5.0 8.6

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 7.2 0.6 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.0 1.6 2.2 1.0 0.7 1.6 26.0

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 15.0 1.1 3.4 3.7 2.9 3.9 4.2 4.8 2.8 1.6 1.6 14.7

 60 Years or More ........................ 13.6 3.0 4.7 3.0 1.8 1.2 4.3 4.0 2.2 1.3 1.8 13.6

Race of Householder

 White ................................................. 73.3 12.0 21.2 16.4 11.7 11.9 19.9 23.4 12.7 6.9 10.3 5.9

 Black ................................................. 7.3 2.2 2.1 1.4 0.8 0.8 1.9 2.3 1.2 Q 1.4 23.2

 Other ................................................. 4.3 0.9 1.5 0.8 0.6 Q 1.4 0.8 0.8 Q Q 34.6

Hispanic Descent

 Yes .................................................... 6.3 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.6 1.0 0.8 1.3 28.2

 No ...................................................... 78.6 14.1 22.7 17.5 11.9 12.4 21.7 24.9 13.6 7.3 11.2 5.9

1993 family Income

 Less than $5,000 ............................... 2.2 Q 1.1 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 2.0 35.5

 $5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 6.3 2.7 2.2 0.8 Q Q 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.1 2.9 24.3

 $10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 8.9 3.0 3.0 1.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 2.2 1.9 1.5 2.6 19.4

 $15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 8.5 1.9 3.0 1.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 2.2 2.0 1.3 2.1 18.8

 $20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 8.6 2.1 2.8 1.5 1.3 0.9 1.7 2.7 1.6 1.2 1.4 18.4

 $25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 13.3 2.2 3.6 3.6 2.0 1.9 2.7 4.8 3.2 1.4 1.2 13.7

 $35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 16.5 1.9 4.3 4.0 3.0 3.3 4.9 6.6 3.5 1.3 Q 12.8

 $50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 12.3 Q 3.0 3.4 2.7 2.7 5.3 5.5 1.1 Q Q 14.6

 $75,000 or More ................................ 8.2 Q 1.7 1.9 1.7 2.6 6.1 2.0 Q Q Q 16.7

Below Poverty Line

 100 Percent ....................................... 9.0 2.5 3.6 1.3 1.0 0.6 Q 0.6 1.2 1.4 5.3 24.2

 125 Percent ....................................... 13.0 3.9 4.7 2.1 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.4 2.0 2.2 6.7 18.6

 150 Percent ....................................... 17.4 4.6 6.4 2.8 2.0 1.7 1.0 2.4 2.9 2.9 8.2 15.9

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 21.6 6.0 7.9 3.8 2.1 1.9 1.4 3.8 4.1 3.4 8.9 13.6

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 1 ........................................................ 27.3 11.0 10.8 3.5 1.3 0.7 9.3 7.6 4.1 2.5 3.7 11.6

 2 ........................................................ 45.7 3.3 12.2 13.5 9.2 7.6 12.0 14.9 8.2 4.3 6.4 7.8

 3 ........................................................ 8.0 Q 1.1 1.4 2.1 3.2 1.3 3.1 1.4 0.9 1.4 18.7

 4 or More ........................................... 2.9 Q Q Q Q 1.7 Q 0.7 0.8 Q 0.6 27.5

See footnotes at end of table.

100 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.17. U.S. Number of Households by Vehicle Fuel Expenditures,

 1994 (Continued)

 (Million Households)

1993 Household and

 1994 Vehicle 

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All

Expenditure

Categories

Motor Fuel Expenditures

(dollars per household) Percent of Income for Motor Fuel

RSE

Row

Factor:

$500

or

Less

$501

to

$1,000

$1,001

to

$1,500

$1,501

to

$2,000

$2,001

or

More

Less

than

2

2

to

3.9

4

to

5.9

6

to

7.9

8

or

More

0.5 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.6 1.2

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .............................. 2.4 2.1 QQQQQQQQQ 56.5

 Only 1 ................................................ 28.6 11.6 13.9 2.5 Q Q 11.0 8.2 4.4 2.1 3.0 10.8

 Between 1 and 2 ............................... 5.5 Q 2.4 1.6 0.8 Q 1.1 1.7 1.0 0.6 1.0 23.8

 Only 2 ................................................ 28.4 0.7 7.2 11.4 6.2 2.9 6.8 10.0 4.6 2.9 4.1 10.6

 Between 2 and 3 ............................... 5.6 Q Q 1.6 1.8 1.6 0.9 2.1 1.2 Q 1.0 17.4

 Only 3 ................................................ 8.4 Q Q 1.2 3.0 3.7 1.4 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.8 16.0

 Between 3 and 4 ............................... 2.3 Q Q Q Q 1.5 Q 0.6 0.8 Q Q 26.1

 4 or More ........................................... 3.4 Q Q Q Q 3.0 Q 1.1 0.7 Q 0.9 21.4

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately .5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includesmembers under age 18 unless the member is the householder or spouse.• To obtain the RSE percentage

for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for households with

vehicles for personal use. • Percentages are calculated on unrounded numbers. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and

Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D for the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 101
Table 5.18. U.S. Average Household and Vehicle Energy Expenditures,

 1994

 (Dollars per Household)

1993 Household

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All Households

Households Without

Vehicles Households with Vehicles

RSE

Row

Factor:

Number

of

Households

(millions)

Household

and

Vehicle

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Number

of

Households

(millions)

Household

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Number

of

Households

(millions)

Household

and

Vehicle

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Household

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Motor Fuel

Expenditures

(dollars)

1.1 0.7 2.3 1.1 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.9

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 97.3 2,365 12.5 962 84.9 2,571 1,337 1,234 2.1

Energy Used in the Home--

January 1993 Through December

1993

(million Btu per household)

 50 or Less ......................................... 20.0 1,415 4.7 569 15.3 1,677 715 962 4.6

 51 to 75 ............................................. 17.4 2,083 2.1 858 15.3 2,251 1,069 1,182 4.8

 76 to 100 ........................................... 16.0 2,362 1.8 1,019 14.2 2,536 1,275 1,260 5.0

 101 to 125 ......................................... 13.8 2,566 1.4 1,260 12.4 2,713 1,429 1,284 5.2

 126 to 150 ......................................... 10.0 2,692 0.7 1,259 9.2 2,807 1,530 1,277 5.2

 151 or Over ....................................... 20.1 3,256 1.7 1,770 18.5 3,389 1,964 1,425 4.4

Expenditures for Energy Used in

the Home--January 1993

Through December 1993

(dollars per household)

 600 or Less ....................................... 10.5 998 3.4 430 7.1 1,273 453 820 6.4

 601 to 800 ......................................... 10.8 1,450 2.3 702 8.5 1,648 701 947 5.2

 801 to 1,000 ...................................... 13.4 1,830 2.0 910 11.4 1,989 905 1,084 5.6

 1,001 to 1,200 ................................... 14.2 2,115 1.5 1,094 12.7 2,232 1,101 1,131 4.1

 1,201 to 1,600 ................................... 23.2 2,554 1.8 1,354 21.4 2,655 1,392 1,263 3.2

 1,601 or Over .................................... 25.3 3,576 1.5 2,017 23.7 3,676 2,116 1,561 3.2

Measured Heated Area of

Residence (square feet)

 Fewer than 600 ................................. 8.0 1,099 3.5 636 4.5 1,459 711 748 10.1

 600 to 999 ......................................... 22.0 1,730 4.8 892 17.1 1,965 972 993 5.1

 1,000 to 1,599 ................................... 26.9 2,338 2.5 1,239 24.3 2,453 1,247 1,205 4.0

 1,600 to 1,999 ................................... 12.8 2,604 0.7 1,361 12.1 2,681 1,417 1,264 6.2

 2,000 to 2,399 ................................... 9.9 2,848 Q Q 9.6 2,899 1,576 1,323 5.6

 2,400 to 2,999 ................................... 8.1 3,224 Q Q 7.9 3,256 1,707 1,549 5.5

 3,000 or More .................................... 9.8 3,385 0.4 1,652 9.4 3,461 1,878 1,583 6.8

Main Heating Fuel

 Natural Gas ....................................... 52.1 2,331 7.0 1,013 45.1 2,536 1,343 1,193 3.2

 Electricity ........................................... 25.0 2,264 2.7 763 22.3 2,445 1,219 1,226 5.3

 Fuel Oil or Kerosene ......................... 11.6 2,528 2.0 1,075 9.6 2,828 1,594 1,233 5.6

 Wood ................................................. 3.1 2,757 Q Q 2.9 2,903 1,184 1,719 8.6

 Liquefied Petroleum Gas ................... 4.4 2,840 0.4 1,197 4.0 3,002 1,571 1,431 9.1

 Other/None ........................................ 1.2 1,589 Q Q 1.0 1,791 731 1,060 25.3

See footnotes at end of table.

102 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.18. U.S. Average Household and Vehicle Energy Expenditures,

 1994 (Continued)

 (Dollars per Household)

1993 Household

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All Households

Households Without

Vehicles Households with Vehicles

RSE

Row

Factor:

Number

of

Households

(millions)

Household

and

Vehicle

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Number

of

Households

(millions)

Household

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Number

of

Households

(millions)

Household

and

Vehicle

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Household

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Motor Fuel

Expenditures

(dollars)

1.1 0.7 2.3 1.1 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.9

Census Region and Division

 Northeast ........................................... 19.5 2,381 4.7 1,095 14.7 2,794 1,628 1,166 3.7

 New England ................................... 5.0 2,450 1.0 1,103 4.1 2,766 1,586 1,180 6.6

 Middle Atlantic ................................. 14.4 2,357 3.8 1,092 10.7 2,805 1,644 1,161 4.3

 Midwest ............................................. 23.4 2,473 1.8 993 21.6 2,598 1,371 1,226 4.5

 East North Central ........................... 16.5 2,490 1.4 989 15.1 2,627 1,401 1,225 5.7

 West North Central .......................... 6.9 2,432 0.4 1,005 6.5 2,530 1,301 1,229 6.4

 South ................................................. 34.1 2,437 3.9 951 30.2 2,629 1,380 1,249 3.8

 South Atlantic .................................. 17.6 2,407 2.3 945 15.4 2,622 1,372 1,250 5.0

 East South Central .......................... 6.1 2,415 0.7 892 5.4 2,614 1,291 1,323 5.3

 West South Central ......................... 10.3 2,502 0.9 1,012 9.4 2,650 1,445 1,204 7.9

 West .................................................. 20.4 2,105 2.0 640 18.4 2,264 993 1,271 5.6

 Mountain ......................................... 5.7 2,301 0.3 835 5.4 2,395 1,052 1,344 10.4

 Pacific .............................................. 14.7 2,028 1.7 599 13.0 2,210 969 1,241 6.6

Largest Populated States

 California ............................................ 10.8 2,052 1.3 585 9.5 2,259 1,005 1,254 7.3

 Florida ............................................. 5.5 2,210 0.5 833 4.9 2,355 1,180 1,175 9.0

 New York .......................................... 7.0 2,302 2.2 1,070 4.7 2,881 1,818 1,062 6.7

 Texas ............................................ 6.6 2,481 0.5 824 6.1 2,617 1,415 1,203 10.5

Census Region by 1993 Family 

Income

 Northeast

 Less than $5,000 .............................. 0.9 1,585 0.5 1,040 0.4 2,378 1,447 932 18.7

 $ 5,000 to $ 9,999 ........................... 2.2 1,268 1.5 1,035 0.6 1,840 1,214 627 17.7

 $10,000 to $14,999 ......................... 2.3 1,679 0.9 1,071 1.4 2,090 1,433 657 12.0

 $15,000 to $19,999 ......................... 1.4 2,055 Q Q 1.1 2,256 1,304 952 19.5

 $20,000 to $24,999 ......................... 1.8 2,114 0.4 1,195 1.3 2,419 1,379 1,039 14.9

 $25,000 to $34,999 ......................... 2.4 2,677 Q Q 2.1 2,906 1,653 1,253 14.0

 $35,000 to $49,999 ......................... 3.7 2,747 Q Q 3.4 2,897 1,621 1,275 9.8

 $50,000 to $74,999 ......................... 3.0 2,896 Q Q 2.7 3,085 1,714 1,371 8.7

 $75,000 or More .............................. 2.0 3,436 Q Q 1.8 3,602 2,203 1,399 15.0

 Midwest

 Less than $ 5,000 ............................. 0.6 1,573 Q Q 0.4 1,984 1,224 Q 42.3

 $ 5,000 to $ 9,999 ........................... 2.1 1,645 0.7 1,000 1.4 1,952 1,199 753 16.4

 $10,000 to $14,999 ......................... 3.1 1,882 0.5 1,013 2.5 2,065 1,192 873 9.0

 $15,000 to $19,999 ......................... 2.5 2,320 Q Q 2.4 2,358 1,229 1,130 12.5

 $20,000 to $24,999 ......................... 2.4 2,358 Q Q 2.4 2,386 1,291 1,095 11.8

 $25,000 to $34,999 ......................... 3.6 2,552 Q Q 3.6 2,552 1,387 1,165 7.0

 $35,000 to $49,999 ......................... 4.5 2,737 Q Q 4.4 2,764 1,414 1,350 7.4

 $50,000 to $74,999 ......................... 3.0 3,041 Q Q 2.9 3,132 1,553 1,578 10.2

 $75,000 or More .............................. 1.6 3,498 Q Q 1.5 3,570 1,714 1,856 11.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 103
Table 5.18. U.S. Average Household and Vehicle Energy Expenditures,

 1994 (Continued)

 (Dollars per Household)

1993 Household

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All Households

Households Without

Vehicles Households with Vehicles

RSE

Row

Factor:

Number

of

Households

(millions)

Household

and

Vehicle

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Number

of

Households

(millions)

Household

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Number

of

Households

(millions)

Household

and

Vehicle

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Household

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Motor Fuel

Expenditures

(dollars)

1.1 0.7 2.3 1.1 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.9

 South

 Less than $ 5,000 ............................. 1.5 1,379 0.7 1,010 0.8 1,712 1,000 712 19.5

 $ 5,000 to $ 9,999 ........................... 4.7 1,463 1.7 871 3.0 1,798 1,102 697 9.5

 $10,000 to $14,999 ......................... 3.6 1,662 0.6 832 3.0 1,828 1,081 747 11.8

 $15,000 to $19,999 ......................... 3.4 2,289 Q Q 3.3 2,337 1,283 1,054 10.5

 $20,000 to $24,999 ......................... 3.2 2,272 Q Q 3.0 2,406 1,290 1,116 13.0

 $25,000 to $34,999 ......................... 5.3 2,688 Q Q 5.1 2,735 1,396 1,339 8.1

 $35,000 to $49,999 ......................... 5.6 2,882 Q Q 5.4 2,930 1,433 1,497 7.5

 $50,000 to $74,999 ......................... 4.0 3,203 Q Q 3.9 3,253 1,600 1,653 8.4

 $75,000 or More .............................. 2.8 3,545 Q Q 2.7 3,587 1,893 1,694 11.0

 West

 Less than $ 5,000 ............................. 0.8 QQQQQQQ 36.9

 $ 5,000 to $ 9,999 ........................... 2.3 1,099 1.0 557 1.3 1,527 751 776 18.0

 $10,000 to $14,999 ......................... 2.4 1,746 0.3 598 2.0 1,931 815 1,117 17.7

 $15,000 to $19,999 ......................... 1.9 1,781 Q Q 1.7 1,930 822 1,108 16.1

 $20,000 to $24,999 ......................... 2.0 1,918 Q Q 1.9 1,934 905 1,029 16.5

 $25,000 to $34,999 ......................... 2.7 2,064 Q Q 2.6 2,134 844 1,290 13.3

 $35,000 to $49,999 ......................... 3.3 2,334 Q Q 3.3 2,334 1,069 1,265 10.8

 $50,000 to $74,999 ......................... 2.8 2,540 Q Q 2.7 2,557 1,105 1,452 10.2

 $75,000 or More .............................. 2.2 3,298 Q Q 2.2 3,329 1,519 1,810 12.5

Urban Status

 Urban ................................................ 76.2 2,308 10.6 951 65.6 2,528 1,330 1,198 2.6

 Central City ..................................... 31.1 1,976 6.9 941 24.1 2,274 1,232 1,042 4.5

 Suburban ......................................... 45.1 2,537 3.7 970 41.5 2,675 1,386 1,289 3.8

 Rural .................................................. 21.1 2,569 1.9 1,025 19.3 2,718 1,363 1,355 4.3

Household Size

 1 Person ............................................ 23.6 1,380 6.6 804 17.0 1,605 949 657 4.0

 2 Persons .......................................... 33.0 2,328 2.9 998 30.1 2,456 1,284 1,171 3.3

 3 Persons .......................................... 16.2 2,778 1.2 1,198 15.0 2,905 1,450 1,455 4.8

 4 Persons .......................................... 14.5 3,028 1.1 1,422 13.3 3,162 1,592 1,570 5.5

 5 Persons .......................................... 7.0 3,094 0.3 1,208 6.7 3,189 1,618 1,571 8.4

 6 or More Persons ............................. 3.0 3,374 0.3 1,170 2.7 3,618 1,789 1,829 12.9

See footnotes at end of table.

104 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.18. U.S. Average Household and Vehicle Energy Expenditures,

 1994 (Continued)

 (Dollars per Household)

1993 Household

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All Households

Households Without

Vehicles Households with Vehicles

RSE

Row

Factor:

Number

of

Households

(millions)

Household

and

Vehicle

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Number

of

Households

(millions)

Household

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Number

of

Households

(millions)

Household

and

Vehicle

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Household

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Motor Fuel

Expenditures

(dollars)

1.1 0.7 2.3 1.1 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.9

Household Composition

 Households with Children ................. 35.2 2,809 3.1 1,173 32.1 2,966 1,513 1,453 3.4

 Age of Oldest Child

 Under 7 Years ............................... 10.3 2,526 1.0 1,208 9.2 2,675 1,379 1,296 6.6

 7 to 15 Years ................................. 17.9 2,824 1.4 1,127 16.5 2,970 1,536 1,434 4.7

 16 or 17 Years ............................... 7.0 3,186 0.6 1,220 6.4 3,374 1,647 1,727 7.3

 Households Without Children ............ 62.1 2,113 9.4 893 52.7 2,330 1,230 1,100 2.6

 One Adult ........................................ 23.6 1,380 6.6 804 17.0 1,605 949 657 4.0

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 4.5 1,394 1.1 784 3.4 1,598 755 843 9.9

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 7.8 1,487 1.2 705 6.6 1,633 904 728 6.8

 60 Years or More ........................ 11.2 1,301 4.3 838 7.0 1,583 1,085 498 5.4

 Two or More Adults ......................... 38.5 2,562 2.8 1,106 35.8 2,674 1,364 1,311 3.4

 Age of Householder

 Under 35 Years ........................... 8.1 2,224 0.9 738 7.2 2,417 1,113 1,304 8.2

 35 to 59 Years ............................. 15.5 2,953 0.5 1,134 15.0 3,017 1,461 1,557 5.1

 60 Years or More ........................ 14.9 2,338 1.3 1,357 13.6 2,432 1,388 1,044 5.6

Race of Householder

 White ................................................. 81.2 2,457 7.9 926 73.3 2,621 1,354 1,267 2.3

 Black ................................................. 10.7 1,959 3.4 1,126 7.3 2,352 1,347 1,005 6.9

 Other ................................................. 5.5 1,799 1.2 717 4.3 2,089 1,035 1,053 12.0

Hispanic Descent

 Yes .................................................... 8.2 1,958 2.0 932 6.3 2,280 1,106 1,174 8.3

 No ...................................................... 89.1 2,402 10.5 968 78.6 2,594 1,356 1,238 2.2

1993 Family Income

 Less than $5,000 ............................... 3.8 1,531 1.7 972 2.2 1,957 1,034 923 13.1

 $5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 11.3 1,384 4.9 874 6.3 1,781 1,062 719 7.2

 $10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 11.3 1,743 2.4 932 8.9 1,959 1,105 854 5.9

 $15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 9.2 2,157 0.7 1,034 8.5 2,250 1,177 1,073 7.9

 $20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 9.4 2,190 0.8 1,050 8.6 2,297 1,218 1,079 7.5

 $25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 13.9 2,530 0.6 1,077 13.3 2,597 1,328 1,269 5.9

 $35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 17.0 2,709 0.5 904 16.5 2,761 1,394 1,366 5.5

 $50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 12.8 2,949 0.5 1,119 12.3 3,031 1,503 1,528 5.8

 $75,000 or More ................................ 8.5 3,447 0.3 1,676 8.2 3,519 1,827 1,692 8.6

Below Poverty Line

 100 Percent ....................................... 14.7 1,600 5.7 935 9.0 2,022 1,132 890 6.6

 125 Percent ....................................... 19.9 1,669 6.9 938 13.0 2,060 1,142 918 5.7

 150 Percent ....................................... 25.2 1,770 7.8 925 17.4 2,149 1,169 979 5.0

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 30.7 1,775 9.1 946 21.6 2,125 1,168 957 4.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 105
Table 5.18. U.S. Average Household and Vehicle Energy Expenditures,

 1994 (Continued)

 (Dollars per Household)

1993 Household

 Characteristics 

 RSE Column Factor:

All Households

Households Without

Vehicles Households with Vehicles

RSE

Row

Factor:

Number

of

Households

(millions)

Household

and

Vehicle

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Number

of

Households

(millions)

Household

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Number

of

Households

(millions)

Household

and

Vehicle

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Household

Energy

Expenditures

(dollars)

Motor Fuel

Expenditures

(dollars)

1.1 0.7 2.3 1.1 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.9

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

 None .................................................. 11.0 962 10.0 918 1.0 1,413 951 462 10.9

 1 ........................................................ 28.9 1,709 1.6 986 27.3 1,751 1,048 703 4.4

 2 ........................................................ 46.3 2,778 0.5 1,296 45.7 2,795 1,422 1,373 3.8

 3 ........................................................ 8.2 3,559 Q Q 8.0 3,604 1,683 1,921 5.9

 4 or More ........................................... 3.0 4,217 Q Q 2.9 4,281 1,894 2,387 8.9

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

 Part-Year Vehicle .............................. 2.4 1,434 Q Q 2.4 1,434 1,110 324 31.3

 Only 1 ................................................ 28.6 1,715 Q Q 28.6 1,715 1,109 605 3.8

 Between 1 and 2 ............................... 5.5 2,440 Q Q 5.5 2,440 1,297 1,142 7.3

 Only 2 ................................................ 28.4 2,740 Q Q 28.4 2,740 1,399 1,341 2.9

 Between 2 and 3 ............................... 5.6 3,262 Q Q 5.6 3,262 1,514 1,749 5.0

 Only 3 ................................................ 8.4 3,625 Q Q 8.4 3,625 1,635 1,991 5.0

 Between 3 and 4 ............................... 2.3 4,153 Q Q 2.3 4,153 1,672 2,481 9.0

 4 or More ........................................... 3.4 4,692 Q Q 3.4 4,692 1,721 2,972 7.5

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately .5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includesmembers under age 18 unless the member is the householder or spouse.• To obtain the RSE percentage

for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for households

with vehicles for personal use. • Percentages are calculated on unrounded numbers. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and

Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D for the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

106 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 107

Glossary 

Aggregate Ratio: See Mean and Ratio Estimate.

AMPD: Average miles driven per day.

Annual Vehicle-Miles Traveled: See Vehicle-Miles Traveled.

Automobile: Includes standard passenger car, 2-seater car and station wagons; excludes passenger vans, cargo vans,

motor homes, pickup trucks, and sport-utility or similar vehicles. See Vehicle.

Average Household Energy Expenditures: A ratio estimate defined as the total household energy expenditures for

all RTECS households divided by the total number of households. See Ratio Estimate, and Combined Household

Energy Expenditures.

Average Number of Vehicles per Household: The average number of vehicles used by a household for personal

transportation during 1994. For this report, the average number of vehicles per household is computed as the ratio of

the total number of vehicles to the total number of households within any subgroup or “table cell.” The total number

of vehicles used by a household is based on the number of days each vehicle is used. For example, a total of one

vehicle may represent two vehicles, each used for half of the year. See Vehicle.

Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption: A ratio estimate defined as total gallons of fuel consumed by all vehicles,

divided by: (1) the total number of vehicles (for average fuel consumption per vehicle) or (2) the total number of

households (for average fuel consumption per household). See Ratio Estimate.

Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled: A ratio estimate defined as total miles traveled by all vehicles, divided by: (1)

the total number of vehicles (for average miles traveled per vehicle) or (2) the total number of households (for average

miles traveled per household). See Ratio Estimate and Vehicle Miles Traveled.

BLS: Bureau of Labor Statistics within the U.S. Department of Labor. See Price.

British Thermal Unit (Btu): The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1 degree

Fahrenheit (F) at or near 39.1 degrees F and 1 atmosphere of pressure. One Btu is about equal to the heat given off

by a blue-tip match. See Conversion Factor.

Btu: See British Thermal Unit.

Btu Conversion Factor: See Conversion Factor.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Pump Price Series: See Price.

Carburetor: A fuel delivery device for producing a proper mixture of gasoline and air, and delivering it to the intake

manifold of an internal combustion engine. The efficiency of carburetors is more temperature dependent than fuel

injection systems. See Fuel Injection and Diesel Fuel System.
108 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

Census Division: A geographic area consisting of several States as defined by the U.S. Department of Commerce,

Bureau of the Census. The States are grouped into nine divisions and four regions:

Region Division States

Northeast New England Connecticut, Maine,

Massachusetts,

New Hampshire, Rhode

Island, and Vermont

Middle Atlantic New Jersey, New York,

and Pennsylvania

Midwest East North Central Illinois, Indiana,

Michigan, Ohio, and

Wisconsin

West North Central Iowa, Kansas,

Minnesota, Missouri,

Nebraska, North

Dakota, and South

Dakota

South South Atlantic Delaware, the District

of Columbia, Florida,

Georgia, Maryland,

North Carolina, South

Carolina, Virginia,

and West Virginia

East South Central Alabama, Kentucky,

Mississippi,

and Tennessee

West South Central Arkansas, Louisiana,

Oklahoma, and Texas

West Mountain Arizona, Colorado,

Idaho, Montana,

Nevada, New Mexico,

Utah, and Wyoming

Pacific Alaska, California,

Hawaii, Oregon,

and Washington

Census Region: See Census Division.

Central City: Usually one or more legally incorporated cities within the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) that is

significantly large by itself or large relative to the largest city in the MSA. Additional criteria for being classified

“central city” include having at least 75 jobs for each 100 employed residents and having at least 40 percent of the

resident workers employed within the city limits. Every MSA has at least one central city, which is usually the largest
Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 109

city. Central cities are commonly regarded as relatively large communities with a denser population and a higher

concentration of economic activities than the outlying or suburban areas of the MSA. “Suburban” are those parts of

the MSA that are not designated as central city. (See Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Urban, Suburban, and Rural.)

Certification Files: See Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Certification Files.

Change in Vehicle Stock: See Vehicle Acquisition and Vehicle Disposition.

CID: Cubic Inch Displacement. See Engine Size.

Cold-Deck Imputation: A statistical procedure that replaces a missing value of an item with a constant value from

an external source such as a value from a previous survey. 

Combined Household Energy Expenditures: The total amount of funds spent for energy consumed in, or delivered

to, a housing unit during a given period of time; and for fuel used to operate the motor vehicles that are owned or used

on a regular basis by the household. For this report, expenditures for energy consumed in the housing unit are

presented on an annual basis for calendar year 1993 as collected during the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption

Survey. All vehicle expenditure statistics calculated for this report are on an annual basis for calendar year 1994.

The total dollar amount for energy consumed in a housing unit includes State and local taxes but excludes merchandise

repairs or special service charges. Electricity expenditures and natural gas expenditures are for the amount of those

energy sources consumed. Fuel oil, kerosene, and LPG expenditures are for the amount of fuel purchased, which may

differ from the amount of fuel consumed.

The total dollar amount of fuel spent for vehicles is the product of fuel consumption and price. In the 1994 survey,

price data were obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics price data and the Lundberg Survey Inc. price series. See

Vehicle Fuel Expenditures, Average Household Energy Expenditures, and Price.

Conversion Factor: A number that translates units of one system into corresponding values of another system.

Conversion factors are used to translate physical units of measures for various fuels into Btu equivalents. Conversion

factors used in this report are:

Motor Gasoline ....................... 0.125 million Btu per gallon

Diesel Fuel .............................. 0.139 million Btu per gallon

Propane ................................... 0.091 million Btu per gallon

Gasohol ................................... 0.121 million Btu per gallon

Gasohol = 90 percent motor gasoline and 10 percent ethanol

1 barrel = 42 gallons 

Diesel Fuel: A fuel composed of distillates obtained in petroleum refining operation or blends of such distillates with

residual oil used in motor vehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity are higher for diesel fuels than for gasoline.

See Diesel Fuel System.

Diesel Fuel System: Diesel engines are internal combustion engines that burn diesel oil rather than gasoline. Injectors

are used to spray droplets of diesel oil into the combustion chambers, at or near the top of the compression stroke.

Ignition follows due to the very high temperature of the compressed in-take air, or to the use of “glow plugs,” which

retain heat from previous ignitions (spark plugs are not used). Diesel engines are generally more fuel economic than

gasoline engines, but must be stronger and heavier due to high compression ratios. See Diesel Fuel, Carburetor, and

Fuel Injection.

Drivers: Household members who drove a vehicle on a regular basis at the time of the 1993 RECS personal

interviews. 
110 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

Electricity: See Main Heating Fuel.

Energy Used in the Home: For electricity or natural gas, the quantity is the amount used by the household during

the 365- or 366-day period. For fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), the quantity consists of fuel

purchased, not fuel consumed. If the level of fuel in the storage tank was the same at the beginning and end of the

annual period, then the quantity consumed would be the same as the quantity purchased. Information on the level of

fuel in the storage tank was not included in the data collection. The time period for household consumption for energy

used in the home is January 1993 through December 1993 and was collected during the 1993 Residential Energy

Consumption Survey. 

Engine Size: The total volume within all cylinders of an engine, when pistons are at their lowest positions. The engine

is usually measured in “liters” or “cubic inches of displacement (CID).” Generally, larger engines result in greater

engine power, but less fuel economy. There are 61.024 cubic inches in a liter. See Number of Cylinders.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Certification Files: Computer files produced by EPA for analysis

purposes. For each vehicle make, model, and year, the files contain the EPA test miles-per-gallon (mpg) values (city,

highway, and 55/45 composite). These mpg values are associated with various combinations of engine and drive-train

technologies (e.g., number of cylinders, engine size, gasoline or diesel fuel, and automatic or manual transmission).

These files also contain information similar to that in the DOE/EPA Gas Mileage Guide, although the mpg values in

that publication are adjusted for shortfall. 

EPA Certification Files: See Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Certification Files.

EPA Composite Miles per Gallon (mpg): The harmonic mean of the EPA city and highway mpg, weighted under

the assumption of 55 percent city driving and 45 percent highway driving.

Family Income: The total combined annual income in 1993 of all members of the family from all sources before taxes

and deductions as collected in the 1993 RECS. It includes wages, salaries, tips, commissions, income from Social

Security, pensions, interest, dividends, rent, public assistance, and unemployment insurance. This includes the total

income for all family members who lived in the household in 1993. Income of nonfamily members of the household

is not included. “Family” includes the following types of relationships: mother, father, sister, brother, son, daughter,

father-in-law, uncle, aunt, niece, grandchild, foster child, and similar relationships. 

Four-Wheel Drive: See Type of Drive.

Front-Wheel Drive: See Type of Drive.

Fuel Consumption: See Vehicle Fuel Consumption.

Fuel Economy: See Miles per Gallon.

Fuel Expenditures: See Vehicle Fuel Expenditures.

Fuel Injection: A fuel delivery system whereby gasoline is pumped to one or more fuel injectors under high pressure.

The fuel injectors are valves that, at the appropriate times, open to allow fuel to be sprayed or atomized into a throttle

bore or into the intake manifold ports. The fuel injectors are usually solenoid operated valves under the control of the

vehicle's on-board computer (thus the term “electronic fuel injection”). The efficiency of fuel-injection systems is less

temperature dependent than carburetor systems. Diesel engines always use injectors. See Carburetor and Diesel Fuel

Systems.

Fuel Oil: See Main Heating Fuel.

Fuel Type: See Type of Vehicle Fuel Purchased.
Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 111

Full Service: See Type of Primary Service.

GPMR (Gallons per Mile Ratio): See Miles-per-Gallon (mpg) Shortfall.

Gasohol: A fuel used in motor vehicles that is a blend of finished motor gasoline (leaded or unleaded) and alcohol

(generally ethanol, but sometimes methanol), limited to 10 percent alcohol by volume. See Gasoline.

Gasoline: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons, with or without small quantities of additives,

obtained by blending appropriate refinery streams to form a fuel suitable for use in spark ignition engines. Motor

gasoline includes both leaded or unleaded grades of finished motor gasoline, blending components, and gasohol. 

Hispanic Descent: This, as the question on origin, was self-determined by the respondent and is collected in the 1993

RECS. The respondent was asked, “Is the householder of Spanish or Hispanic descent?” and the respondent's answer

was recorded. See Origin.

Hot-Deck Imputation: A statistical procedure for deriving a probable response to a questionnaire item concerning

a household or vehicle, where no response was given during the survey. To perform the procedure, the households or

vehicles are sorted by variables related to the missing item. Thus, a series of “sort categories” are formed, which are

internally homogeneous with respect to the sort variables. Within each category, households or vehicles for which the

questionnaire item is not missing are randomly selected to serve as “donors” to supply values for the missing item of

“recipient” households or vehicles. 

Household: A family, an individual, or a group of up to nine unrelated persons occupying the same housing unit at

the time of the 1993 RECS interview. “Occupy” means the housing unit was the person's usual or permanent place

of residence at the time of the first field contact. The household includes babies, lodgers, boarders, employed persons

who live in the housing unit, and persons who usually live in the household but are away traveling or in a hospital.

The household does not include persons who are normally members of the household but who were away from home

as college students or members of the armed forces at the time of the contact. The household does not include persons

temporarily visiting with the household if they have a place of residence elsewhere, persons who take their meals with

the household but usually lodge or sleep elsewhere, domestic employees or other persons employed by the household

who do not sleep in the same housing unit, or persons who are former members of the household, but have since

become inmates of correction or penal institutions, mental institutions, homes for the aged or needy, homes or hospitals

for the chronically ill or handicapped, nursing homes, convents or monasteries, or other places in which residents may

remain for long periods of time. By definition, the number of households is the same as the number of occupied

housing units. The number or households for a subgroup or table cell is estimated by summing the survey weights over

all sample households in that subgroup.

Householder: The person (or one of the people) in whose name the home is owned or rented. If there is no lease or

similar agreement, or if the person who owns the home or pays the rent does not live in the housing unit, the

householder is the person responsible for paying the household bills, or whoever is generally in charge. 

Household Composition: The configuration of the household members including number of children, number of

household members, and age of household members. For this report, households were divided into households with

children and households without children. Within the households with children, a further division was made depending

on the age of the oldest child. Within households without children, a further division was made depending on the

number of adults and then within that category, the age of the households. See Household, Householder, and

Housing Unit.

Household Energy Expenditures: The total amount of funds spent for energy consumed in, or delivered to, a housing

unit during a given period of time. See Combined Household Energy Expenditures.

Household Size: Number of individuals occupying a housing unit. See Household, and Housing Unit.
112 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

Housing Unit: A structure or part of a structure where a household lives. It has direct access from the outside of the

building, either directly or through a common hall. Housing units do not include group quarters such as prisons or

nursing homes where 10 or more unrelated persons live. Hotel and motel rooms are considered housing units if

occupied as the usual or permanent place of residence. 

Imputation: A group of statistical techniques for estimating probable responses to questionnaire items concerning

households or vehicles, where no responses or poor quality responses were given during the survey. The three most

common techniques employed in this survey were “hot-deck,” “regression,” and “predictive mean matching.” See HotDeck Imputation, Cold-Deck Imputation, Predictive Mean Matching, and Regression Imputation.

Intermediate-Grade Gasoline: An increasingly common grade of unleaded gasoline with an octane rating

intermediate between “regular” and “premium.” Octane boosters are added to gasolines to control engine pre-ignition

or “knocking” by slowing combustion rates. See Regular-Grade Gasoline and Premium-Grade Gasoline.

In-Use Miles per Gallon (mpg): A mpg value that was adjusted for seasonality and annual miles traveled.

Jeep-like Vehicle: These vehicles are now referred to as sport-utility. See Sport-Utility Vehicle.

Kerosene: See Main Heating Fuel.

Large Van: See Van.

Leaded Gasoline: A fuel that contains more than 0.05 gram of lead per gallon or more than 0.005 gram of phosphorus

per gallon. See Gasoline and Unleaded Gasoline.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): See Main Heating Fuel.

Liters: See Engine Size.

Lundberg Survey Inc. Price Series: See Price.

Main Heating Fuel: The primary fuel delivered to a residential site. It may be converted to some other form of energy

at the site. The following are defined as primary fuels for this report: 

Electricity: Metered electric power supplied by a central utility company to a residence via underground

or above-ground power lines. It does not refer to electricity generated onsite for the exclusive use of a

residence. When a residence has its own generating capability, the fuel used for the generator will be

specified. The Btu equivalent for electricity is the energy value of electricity as received by the household

(3,412 Btu per kilowatthour). For this report, energy losses that occur in generating and transmitting

electricity are not included in the conversion of electricity into a Btu equivalent. If these losses were to

be included, the conversion rate would generally be about 10,353 Btu per kilowatthour. 

Fuel Oil: No. 1, No. 2, or No. 4 grade fuel oil or residual oil that is burned for space- or water-heating

purposes. No. 1 distillate fuel oil is a form of heating oil used mostly as a blending stock to insure that

heavier grades of fuel flow under severe cold weather conditions. No. 2 distillate refers to both No. 2

heating oil and No. 2 diesel fuel. Although these products are not identical, they are essentially

interchangeable for most applications. No. 2 fuel oil is the most common form of heating oil. No. 4

distillate is a blend of No. 2 and No. 5 or No. 6 residual fuel oil, used in large stationary diesel engines

and boilers equipped with fuel preheating equipment. Residual fuel oil refers to the heavier oils that

remain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are boiled off in refinery operations. 
Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 113

Kerosene: The generic name for a distilled product of oil or coal, having properties similar to those of No.

1 fuel oil. Kerosene is used for cooking stoves, for space heating or water heating, or for lighting

equipment that uses wicks. It is sometimes sold under the names “range oil,” “stove oil,” or “coal oil.”

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): Any fuel gas supplied to a residence in liquid form, such as propane or

butane. It is usually delivered by tank truck and stored near the residence in a tank or cylinder until used.

Propane was the most common liquefied petroleum gas supplied to RECS households. Household use of

LPG solely for outdoor gas grills is not considered sufficient use to mark the household as a user of LPG.

Natural Gas: Utility gas supplied by underground pipeline to individual housing units by a central utility

company. It does not refer to privately owned gas wells operated by the household, nor to LPG. 

Mean: The simple arithmetic average for a population; that is, the sum of all the values in a population divided by the

size of the population. For this report, population means are estimated by computing the weighted sum of the sample

values, then dividing by the sum of the sample weights. The mean is, thus, an aggregate ratio whose denominator is

the total number of households or vehicles. See Ratio Estimate.

Measured Heated Area of Residence: The floor area of the housing unit that is enclosed from the weather and heated

as collected in the 1993 RECS. Basements are included whether or not they contain finished space. Garages are

included if they have a wall in common with the house. Attics that have finished space and attics that have some heated

space are included. Crawl spaces are not included even if they are enclosed from the weather. Sheds and other

buildings that are not attached to the house are not included. “Measured” area means that the measurement of the

dimensions of the home did not rely on the respondent's reports but was an actual measurement by the interviewer using

a metallic, retractable, 50-foot tape measure. “Heated area” is that portion of the measured area that is heated during

most of the season. Rooms that are shut off during the heating season to save on fuel are not counted. Attached

garages that are unheated and unheated areas in the attics and basements are also not counted.

Metropolitan: See Urban.

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): Areas defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget in 1992. An

MSA is (1) a county or group of contiguous counties that contain at least one city of 50,000 inhabitants or more, or (2)

an urbanized area of at least 50,000 inhabitants and a total MSA population of at least 100,000 (75,000 in New

England). The contiguous counties are included in an MSA if, according to certain criteria, they are essentially

metropolitan in character and are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In New England, MSAs

consist of towns and cities, rather than counties. (See Urban, Central City, Suburban, and Rural.)

Metropolitan Status: Refers to the geographic location of the households in relationship to MSA's. See

Metropolitan, Nonmetropolitan, and Central City.

Miles per Gallon (mpg): A measure of vehicle fuel economy. Miles per gallon (mpg) as presented in this report

represents “fleet miles per gallon.” For each subgroup or “table cell,” mpg is computed as the ratio of the total number

of miles traveled by all vehicles in the subgroup to the total number of gallons consumed. For the 1994 RTECS, mpg

values were assigned to each vehicle using the EPA certification files and adjusted for on-road driving.

Mini-Service Pumps: See Type of Primary Service.

 

Minivan: New type of small van that first appeared with that designation in 1984. Any of the smaller vans built on

an automobile-type frame. Earlier models such as the Volkswagen van are now included in this category. 

Model Year: As determined by the manufacturer, the model year is the year that appears in the vehicle identification

number. 
114 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

Motor Fuel Consumption: See Vehicle Fuel Consumption.

Motor Fuel Expenditures: See Vehicle Fuel Expenditures.

mpg: See Miles per Gallon.

Miles-per-Gallon (mpg) Shortfall: The difference between actual on-road mpg and EPA laboratory test mpg. Milesper-gallon (mpg) shortfall is expressed as gallons-per-mile ratio (GPMR).

MSA: See Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA).

Multistage Area Probability Sample: A sample design executed in stages with geographic “clusters” of sampling

units selected at each stage. This procedure reduces survey expense while maintaining national coverage. 

Natural Gas: See Main Heating Fuel.

Nonmetropolitan: Households not located within MSAs as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

See Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA).

Number of Cylinders: In a reciprocating engine, a cylinder is the chamber in which combustion of fuel occurs and

the piston moves, ultimately delivering power to the wheels. Common engine configurations include 4, 6, and 8

cylinders. Generally, the more cylinders a vehicle has, the greater the amount of engine power it has. However, more

cylinders often result in less fuel economy. See Engine Size. 

Number of Households: The total number of households in the United States that are represented by the sample

households. In this report, most statistics are shown for the number of households with vehicles, which is a subset of

the total number of households.

Number of Vehicles: See Vehicle and Vehicle Stock.

Occupied Housing Unit: A unit someone was living in as his or her usual or permanent place of residence when the

first field contact was made. See Housing Unit.

On-Road Miles per Gallon (mpg): A composite mpg that was adjusted to account for the difference between the test

value and the fuel economy actually obtained on the road.

Origin: The primary ethnic background of the person considered to be the householder as self-determined by the

respondent. Origin of householder was collected in the 1993 RECS. Each respondent was asked, “Which of the groups

on this exhibit best describes the householder?” The groups included: white, black or Negro, American Indian,

Alaskan native, Asian, and Pacific Islander. The word “race” was not used in either the questionnaire or the

instructions. See Hispanic Descent.

Outside Central City: See Central City.

Passenger Car: See Vehicle and Automobile.

Pickup Truck: Includes compact and full-size pickup trucks. See Vehicle.

Poverty: Low-income classifications to which certain households are assigned based on the household's annual income

reported in the 1993 RECS. “Below 100 percent of poverty” encompasses a group of households with incomes below

the poverty level as defined by the Bureau of the Census. “Below 125 percent of poverty” includes a group of

households with incomes below 125 percent of the poverty level. These groups of the poor and near-poor represent
Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 115

alternative levels for defining poverty. The definitions of “poor” are based on the number of family members in the

household and the income of the entire family. 

Premium-Grade Gasoline: A grade of unleaded gasoline with a high octane rating, (approximately 92) designed

to minimize preignition or engine “knocking” by slowing combustion rates. See Regular-Grade Gasoline and

Intermediate-Grade Gasoline.

Predictive Mean Matching: A model-based procedure used to impute for item nonresponse. This method uses

logistic models to compute predicted means that are used to statistically match each nonrespondent to a respondent with

the closest predicted mean. The respondent's value is directly imputed to the nonrespondent.

Price: The dollar amount per gallon of fuel purchased. For the 1994 RTECS, fuel prices were not collected directly

from the respondent. Instead fuel prices were estimated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Retail Pump Price Survey

and from the Lundberg Survey Inc. Prices

Primary Sampling Unit (PSU): A sampling unit selected at the first stage in multistage area probability sampling.

A PSU typically consists of one to several contiguous counties--for example, a metropolitan area with surrounding

suburban counties. The approximately 3,100 counties and independent cities of the contiguous United States were

grouped into about 1,800 PSUs by a procedure similar to the one used by the Census Bureau for its Current Population

Survey. PSUs can be composed of one or more MSAs or can be composed of rural counties. 

PSU: See Primary Sampling Unit.

Quadrillion: The number 1,000,000,000,000,000 or 10 . 

15

Ratio Estimate: The ratio of two population aggregates (totals). For example, “average miles traveled per vehicle”

is the ratio of total miles driven by all vehicles, over the total number of vehicles, within any subgroup or “table cell.”

In this report, there are two types of ratio estimates: those computed using aggregates for vehicles and those computed

using aggregates for households. See Mean.

Rear-Wheel Drive: See Type of Drive.

RECS: See Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS).

Regression Imputation: A statistical technique for predicting the value of a numerical variable that is missing. The

technique involves developing a regression equation that predicts the value of the missing variable based upon

variables that are not missing or have already been imputed.

Regular-Grade Gasoline: A grade of unleaded gasoline with a lower octane rating (approximately 87) than other

grades. Octane boosters are added to gasoline to control engine preignition or “knocking” by slowing combustion rates.

See Intermediate-Grade Gasoline and Premium-Grade Gasoline.

Relative Standard Error: See RSE (Relative Standard Error). 

Residential: Occupied housing units, including mobile homes, single-family housing units (attached and detached),

and apartments. The definition of “occupied housing units” is the same as that used by the U.S. Bureau of the Census.

See Household and Housing Unit.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS): A national multistage probability sample survey conducted by

the Energy End Use Division of the Energy Information Administration. The RECS provides baseline information on

how households in the United States use energy. The RTECS sample is a subset of the RECS. Household demographic

characteristics reported in the RTECS publication are collected during the RECS personal interview.
116 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

RSE (Relative Standard Error): A measure of the reliability or precision of a survey statistic. Variability occurs

in survey statistics because the different samples that could be drawn would each produce different values for the

survey statistics. The RSE is a measure of precision on a percentage scale. The RSE is defined as the standard error

of a survey estimate, divided by the survey estimate and multiplied by 100. (Standard error is the square root of the

variance.) For example, an RSE of 50 percent means that the standard error is half as large as the survey estimate. 

RSE Column Factor: An adjustment factor that appears above each column of the tables and is used to compute

RSEs. For a survey estimate in a particular row and column of a table (that is, a particular “cell”), the approximate RSE

is obtained by multiplying the RSE row factor by the RSE column factor for that cell. See RSE and RSE Row Factor.

RSE Row Factor: A factor that appears to the right of each row of the tables, and is used to compute RSE's. For a

survey estimate in a particular row and column of a table (that is, a particular “cell”), the approximate RSE is obtained

by multiplying the RSE row factor by the RSE column factor for that particular cell. The row factor is equal to the

geometric mean of the RSE's in a particular row of the tables. See RSE and RSE Column Factor

Rural: Households not located within Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management

and Budget for 1993. See Metropolitan Statistical Area and Urban Status.

Sampling: The procedure used to select housing units for interview from the population of residential housing units

in the United States. See Multistage Area Probability Sample.

Self-Service or Mini-Service: See Type of Primary Service.

Shortfall: See Miles-per-Gallon (mpg) Shortfall.

Sport-Utility Vehicle: Includes light trucks that are similar to jeeps. Other common terms for these vehicles are sportutility, special purpose, utility or off-the-road vehicles. They may have a four- or two-wheel drive. See Vehicle.

Suburban: Those parts of the MSA that are not designated as central city. Suburban areas are referred to as “outside

central city.” See Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Transmission Type: The householder was asked if each vehicle had an automatic or manual shift transmission. The

transmission is the part of a vehicle that transmits motive force from the engine to the wheels, usually by means of gears

for different speeds using either a hydraulic “torque-converter” (automatic) or clutch assembly (manual). On front

wheel drive cars, the transmission is often called a “transaxle.” Fuel economy is usually higher with manual

transmissions than automatic transmissions, although newer automatic transmissions are narrowing the difference.

Transportation Energy Expenditures: See Vehicle Fuel Expenditures and Combined Household Energy

Expenditures.

Type of Drive: Refers to which wheels the engine power is delivered to, the so-called “drive wheels.” Rear-wheel

drive, has drive wheels on the rear of the vehicle. Front-wheel drive, a newer technology, has drive wheels on the front

of the vehicle. Four-wheel drive uses all four wheels as drive wheels, and is found mostly on sport-utility vehicles and

trucks, though it is becoming increasingly more common on station wagons and vans.

Type of Fuel System: See Carburetor, Fuel-Injection, and Diesel Fuel Systems.

Type of Vehicle Fuel Purchased: The predominant type of fuel purchased during 1994. Data categories are leaded

and unleaded gasoline, diesel motor fuel, and “other” which includes propane and gasohol. See Gasoline, Gasohol,

Unleaded Gasoline, Leaded Gasoline, Regular-Grade Gasoline, Intermediate-Grade Gasoline, and PremiumGrade Gasoline.
Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 117

Type of Primary Service: The dominant type of service the respondent uses at the service station. Response

categories include “full-service pumps,” “self- or mini-service pumps,” or “both equally.” Mini-service is provided

when attendants pump the vehicle fuel but do not provide any other service, such as checking the tire pressure.

Urban: Urban refers to a group of households located within Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) as defined by the

U.S. Office of Management and Budget in 1993. For this report, urban is composed of central city and suburban areas.

An MSA is (1) a county or group of contiguous counties that contain at least one city of 50,000 inhabitants or more,

or (2) an urbanized area of at least 50,000 inhabitants and a total MSA population of at least 100,000 (75,000 in New

England). The contiguous counties are included in an MSA if, according to certain criteria, they are essentially

metropolitan in character and are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In New England, MSAs

consist of towns and cities rather than counties. (See Central City, Suburban, and Rural.)

Unleaded Gasoline: Contains not more than 0.05 gram of lead per gallon and not more than 0.005 gram of

phosphorus per gallon. Premium, regular and intermediate grades are included, depending on the octane rating. See

Gasoline, Leaded Gasoline, Regular-Grade Gasoline, Intermediate-Grade Gasoline, and Premium-Grade

Gasoline.

Van: Includes large vans. Generally, the distinction between large vans and minivans is made by the respondents'

answers to “Type of Vehicle” question. Exceptions were: (1) Volkswagen vans were categorized as minivans, and

(2) all other pre-1983 vans were categorized as vans.

Vehicle: For the RTECS, vehicles were any motorized vehicles used by U.S. households for personal transportation.

Excluded were: motorcycles, mopeds, large trucks, and buses. Included were: automobiles, station wagons, passenger

vans, cargo vans, motor homes, pickup trucks, and sport-utility or similar vehicles. In order to be included, vehicles

must be: (1) owned by members of the household; (2) company cars not owned by household members but regularly

available to household members for their personal use and are ordinarily kept at home; or (3) rented or leased for 1

month or more. See Vehicle Stock, Vehicles Used on the Job, Automobile, Minivans, Vans, Pickup Trucks, and

Sport-Utility Vehicles. 

Vehicle Acquisition: The number of vehicles a household acquires or obtains during the RTECS survey year. The

average number of vehicles in the stock is computed using these data. See Vehicle Disposition.

Vehicle Disposition: The number of vehicles a household disposes of during the RTECS survey year. Disposed

vehicles include those sold, traded, or the owner moved out of the household. The average number of vehicles in the

stock is computed using these data. See Vehicle Acquisition.

Vehicle Fuel Consumption: Vehicle fuel consumption is computed as the vehicle-miles traveled divided by the fuel

economy reported in miles per gallon (mpg). For the 1994 RTECS, vehicle fuel consumption was derived from the

actual vehicle mileage collected in the RTECS and the assigned mpg values were obtained from the EPA certification

files and adjusted for on-road driving.

Vehicle Fuel Economy: See Miles per Gallon (mpg).

Vehicle Fuel Expenditures: The cost, including taxes, of the gasoline, gasohol or diesel fuel added to the vehicle's

tank. Expenditures do not include the cost of oil or other items that may have been purchased at the same time as the

vehicle fuel.

Vehicle Identification Number (VIN): A set of codes, usually alpha-numeric characters, assigned to a vehicle at the

factory and inscribed on the vehicle. When decoded, the VIN provides vehicle characteristics. The VIN was used in

the 1994 RTECS to help match vehicles to the EPA certification file for calculating miles-per-gallon values. See

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Certification Files.
118 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

Vehicle-Miles Traveled (VMT): The number of miles traveled nationally by the RTECS vehicles for a period of 1

year. In the RTECS, VMT were either calculated using two odometer readings or, for vehicles with less than two

odometer readings, imputed using a regression estimate. See Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled.

Vehicle Stock: The number of vehicles owned or used by a household for personal transportation. In the RTECS,

with the exception of the statistics reported as of July 1994, a vehicle was defined in terms of a “vehicle year.” If a

vehicle was present in a household for the entire year, it was counted as one vehicle. If a vehicle was present in a

household for one-half of the year, it was counted as only one-half of a vehicle. Therefore, the number of vehicles a

sample household was considered as having during the survey year was computed as the days of possession summed

over all vehicles in the household, divided by 366 days (1994 was a leap year). See Average Number of Vehicles and

Vehicles.

Vehicle Used on the Job: A vehicle used by anyone in the household for job-related activities, excluding commuting

to and from work. These vehicles are included in the RTECS. See Vehicle.

VIN: See Vehicle Identification Number.

VMT: See Vehicle-Miles Traveled.