Data release date: March 2023

Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total Midwesta Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 27.04 2,006 1,863 1,552 846 786 654

Census division

East North Central 18.55 2,001 1,851 1,520 844 781 641

West North Central 8.50 2,017 1,891 1,621 850 797 683

Census urban/rural classificationd

Urban 20.77 1,900 1,776 1,516 801 749 639

Urbanized area 17.20 1,922 1,804 1,556 797 748 645

Urban cluster 3.57 1,795 1,642 1,320 823 753 605

Rural 6.28 2,355 2,151 1,670 995 909 705

Climate regione

Very cold/Cold 22.09 1,995 1,853 1,510 841 781 637

Mixed-humid 4.96 2,056 1,908 1,735 870 808 734

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry N N N N N N N

Hot-humid N N N N N N N

Marine N N N N N N N

Housing unit type

Single-family detached 18.58 2,413 2,222 1,887 943 868 738

Single-family attached 1.33 1,772 1,649 1,446 812 755 663

Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units 1.95 1,062 1,049 679 489 484 313

Apartments in buildings with 5 or 

more units 4.20 911 889 661 526 514 382

Mobile homes 0.97 1,171 1,151 881 531 521 399

Year of construction

Before 1950 6.11 1,941 1,687 1,189 831 722 509

1950 to 1959 3.18 1,850 1,703 1,385 796 733 596

1960 to 1969 2.90 1,767 1,668 1,351 775 731 593

1970 to 1979 4.05 1,888 1,789 1,455 794 752 612

1980 to 1989 2.71 1,818 1,752 1,481 817 787 665

1990 to 1999 3.56 2,319 2,202 2,001 957 909 826

2000 to 2009 2.95 2,350 2,217 2,058 923 870 808

2010 to 2015 0.86 2,402 2,304 2,188 948 910 864

2016 to 2020 0.73 2,148 2,043 1,925 835 795 749

Number of stories

1 story 10.55 2,209 2,016 1,691 953 870 729

2 stories 7.95 2,607 2,405 2,060 938 866 741

3 or more stories 0.52 2,468 2,398 2,121 909 884 781

Split-level 0.90 2,120 2,067 1,883 761 742 676

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 7.13 988 969 696 516 506 363

Fuels used for any use (more than one 

may apply)

Electricity 27.04 2,006 1,863 1,552 846 786 654

Natural gas 20.08 2,065 1,923 1,653 858 799 686

Propanef 2.72 2,359 2,140 1,584 974 884 654

Wood 2.21 2,482 2,307 1,756 1,008 936 713

Fuel oil or kerosene 0.41 2,031 1,839 1,270 1,030 933 645

Distributed solar generation

Yes 0.29 2,492 2,218 1,897 857 763 652

No 20.60 2,312 2,134 1,811 920 849 721

Not asked (apartments) 6.15 959 940 667 513 503 356

Average square footage 

per housing unit

Table HC10.11 Average square footage of Midwest homes, 2020

Average square footage 

per household member
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total Midwesta Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 27.04 2,006 1,863 1,552 846 786 654

Average square footage 

per housing unit

Table HC10.11 Average square footage of Midwest homes, 2020

Average square footage 

per household member

Main space heating fuel

Natural gas 18.81 2,092 1,954 1,686 863 806 695

Electricity 5.20 1,561 1,467 1,155 716 673 529

Fuel oil or kerosene 0.28 1,975 1,770 1,193 1,148 1,029 694

Propane 2.12 2,347 2,128 1,575 975 884 654

Wood 0.51 2,177 1,955 1,046 853 766 410

Some other fuelg Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

Does not use heating equipment 0.12 1,207 0 274 530 0 120

Air-conditioning equipment

Uses air-conditioning equipment 25.24 2,032 1,891 1,662 858 798 702

Does not use air-conditioning 

equipment 1.80 1,638 1,476 0 685 617 0

Fuel used by main water heater

Natural gas 16.17 2,103 1,969 1,709 877 821 713

Electricity 9.65 1,784 1,634 1,274 768 703 549

Propane 1.10 2,550 2,329 1,729 1,079 985 731

Fuel oil or kerosene Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

Some other fuelg Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

Indoor light bulbs used at least 4 

hours a day

0 to 2 9.99 1,818 1,676 1,367 892 822 671

3 to 5 7.39 1,838 1,694 1,402 795 733 606

6 to 9 4.99 2,147 1,998 1,660 834 776 645

10 to 19 3.68 2,416 2,285 1,924 853 806 679

20 or more 1.00 2,905 2,758 2,588 852 809 759

Total number of rooms (excluding 

bathrooms)

1 or 2 0.74 665 664 477 474 473 340

3 1.75 852 795 512 530 495 318

4 3.13 1,124 1,036 761 604 557 409

5 4.18 1,586 1,450 1,102 719 658 500

6 5.02 1,927 1,741 1,422 827 748 610

7 3.97 2,157 1,985 1,691 851 783 667

8 3.23 2,463 2,310 1,955 956 897 759

9 or more 5.01 3,173 3,014 2,702 1,052 999 896

Number of bedrooms

0 0.34 641 630 449 415 408 290

1 2.84 871 826 525 632 599 380

2 6.68 1,431 1,303 991 718 654 497

3 10.82 2,138 1,978 1,655 868 803 672

4 4.96 2,826 2,636 2,351 960 896 799

5 or more 1.40 3,462 3,317 2,949 951 911 810

Basement

Yes 15.63 2,564 2,345 2,005 979 895 766

Finished basement 9.04 2,610 2,502 2,232 963 923 824

Unfinished basement 6.60 2,502 2,129 1,693 1,004 854 679

No 4.28 1,662 1,594 1,321 748 717 594

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 7.13 988 969 696 516 506 363
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total Midwesta Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 27.04 2,006 1,863 1,552 846 786 654

Average square footage 

per housing unit

Table HC10.11 Average square footage of Midwest homes, 2020

Average square footage 

per household member

Adequacy of insulation

Well insulated 7.14 2,366 2,239 1,959 1,020 965 844

Adequately insulated 14.78 1,957 1,817 1,536 830 771 652

Poorly insulated 4.49 1,697 1,522 1,071 669 600 422

No insulation 0.63 1,267 1,124 716 614 545 347

Type of glass in windows

Single-pane glass 8.34 1,654 1,487 1,132 745 670 510

Double-pane glass 18.13 2,153 2,022 1,731 882 828 709

Triple-pane glass 0.57 2,464 2,339 1,984 1,055 1,001 849

Number of household members

1 member 7.74 1,550 1,433 1,121 1,550 1,433 1,121

2 members 10.41 2,133 1,976 1,668 1,066 988 834

3 members 3.62 2,127 1,977 1,660 709 659 553

4 members 3.08 2,347 2,219 1,886 587 555 472

5 members 1.36 2,352 2,161 1,861 470 432 372

6 or more members 0.83 2,309 2,160 1,888 345 323 282

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 1.01 1,238 1,083 656 498 436 264

$5,000 to $9,999 0.92 1,156 1,038 654 528 474 299

$10,000 to $19,999 2.31 1,467 1,296 816 819 723 456

$20,000 to $39,999 5.27 1,642 1,504 1,159 809 741 571

$40,000 to $59,999 4.28 1,825 1,670 1,339 853 781 626

$60,000 to $99,999 6.42 2,055 1,911 1,649 810 753 650

$100,000 to $149,999 3.71 2,462 2,329 2,103 908 859 776

$150,000 or more 3.14 3,118 2,993 2,741 1,054 1,012 927

Ownership of housing unith

Owned 19.48 2,340 2,176 1,870 955 887 763

Rented 7.56 1,144 1,059 732 529 490 338

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. See RECS Terminology for the definitions of terms used in these tables. 

a Total Midwest includes all primary occupied housing units in the Midwest Census Region. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and group 

quarters are excluded.

b Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned 

and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square footage 

based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported 

square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for full details about data collection and processing.

c

When calculating average heated and cooled square footage, all housing units are considered, including those that are not heated or cooled.

d

 Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 

50,000 or more people, while urban clusters have at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

e

 The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We 

combined climate regions for this publication. The Subarctic region is included with data for Very-cold/Cold.

f

 Households that use propane only for outdoor grilling are excluded from the RECS estimate of households using propane. 

g Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.

h Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without paying rent. 

Q = Data withheld because either the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 10 households were in the reporting sample.

N = No households in reporting sample. 
Data release date: March 2023

RSEs for number 

of housing units

Total Midwesta Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.75 0.89 1.24 1.13 1.25 1.45

Census division

East North Central 0.00 1.05 1.16 1.58 1.49 1.57 1.79

West North Central 0.00 1.02 1.10 1.46 1.79 1.89 2.07

Census urban/rural classificationd

Urban 0.97 0.98 1.15 1.37 1.46 1.57 1.54

Urbanized area 1.23 1.21 1.34 1.61 1.83 1.93 1.89

Urban cluster 4.97 2.46 2.35 2.98 2.91 2.88 3.44

Rural 3.21 1.45 1.36 2.67 2.34 2.31 3.24

Climate regione

Very cold/Cold 0.49 0.89 0.96 1.41 1.31 1.38 1.62

Mixed-humid 2.18 2.56 2.69 2.87 3.28 3.40 3.44

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Hot-humid 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Marine 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Housing unit type

Single-family detached 0.00 0.88 1.04 1.39 1.30 1.43 1.63

Single-family attached 0.00 1.94 2.22 3.55 4.26 4.52 5.33

Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units 0.00 3.27 3.30 7.09 5.88 6.08 7.83

Apartments in buildings with 5 or 

more units 0.00 1.97 2.21 3.59 4.46 4.60 5.42

Mobile homes 0.00 3.30 3.67 6.72 7.74 7.80 10.82

Year of construction

Before 1950 0.00 2.33 2.28 3.72 3.30 3.50 4.55

1950 to 1959 0.00 2.89 2.91 4.36 3.61 3.62 4.55

1960 to 1969 0.00 3.73 4.02 5.04 4.78 5.08 5.15

1970 to 1979 0.00 2.43 2.44 2.92 3.57 3.64 3.81

1980 to 1989 0.00 3.26 3.19 4.20 3.93 3.91 4.56

1990 to 1999 0.00 2.54 2.65 3.00 3.50 3.62 3.93

2000 to 2009 0.00 3.27 3.26 3.74 4.27 4.30 4.63

2010 to 2015 5.76 5.66 5.50 5.85 5.04 4.76 4.99

2016 to 2020 6.83 5.72 5.83 6.00 6.32 6.18 6.64

Number of stories

1 story 1.81 1.13 1.31 1.82 1.86 2.04 2.40

2 stories 2.38 1.42 1.61 2.11 2.14 2.34 2.93

3 or more stories 12.06 6.37 6.64 8.39 8.99 9.36 10.95

Split-level 8.56 4.46 4.52 4.82 8.00 7.99 8.06

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 0.00 1.43 1.50 3.02 3.18 3.22 3.76

Fuels used for any use (more than one 

may apply)

Electricity 0.00 0.75 0.89 1.24 1.13 1.25 1.45

Natural gas 1.07 0.98 1.11 1.40 1.44 1.55 1.59

Propanef 4.97 2.58 2.72 4.22 3.59 3.66 5.05

Wood 6.11 2.74 2.90 4.72 3.45 3.48 4.67

Fuel oil or kerosene 14.96 5.84 5.60 11.46 8.97 9.30 15.61

Distributed solar generation

Yes 16.78 8.44 8.13 11.52 10.34 10.03 11.55

No 0.23 0.87 1.00 1.35 1.21 1.33 1.57

Not asked (apartments) 0.00 1.67 1.80 3.54 3.53 3.64 4.26

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.11 Average square footage of Midwest homes, 2020

RSEs for average square footage 

per housing unit

RSEs for average square footage 

per household member
RSEs for number 

of housing units

Total Midwesta Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.75 0.89 1.24 1.13 1.25 1.45

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.11 Average square footage of Midwest homes, 2020

RSEs for average square footage 

per housing unit

RSEs for average square footage 

per household member

Main space heating fuel

Natural gas 1.34 1.01 1.15 1.40 1.54 1.62 1.65

Electricity 4.18 2.54 2.49 3.50 3.64 3.67 4.23

Fuel oil or kerosene 20.23 7.39 6.68 13.06 11.20 11.50 15.86

Propane 6.23 2.80 2.82 4.98 4.12 4.24 6.07

Wood 13.66 6.67 7.27 15.69 7.84 8.20 12.48

Some other fuelg 100.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Does not use heating equipment 32.69 11.90 0.00 44.51 19.02 0.00 45.57

Air-conditioning equipment

Uses air-conditioning equipment 0.54 0.83 0.93 1.12 1.22 1.32 1.33

Does not use air-conditioning 

equipment 7.63 4.86 5.22 0.00 4.86 5.13 0.00

Fuel used by main water heater

Natural gas 1.51 1.19 1.34 1.54 1.77 1.86 1.89

Electricity 2.43 1.85 1.86 2.58 2.42 2.49 3.00

Propane 8.84 3.90 4.09 5.89 5.29 5.27 6.37

Fuel oil or kerosene 41.65 16.53 16.74 44.79 19.21 19.18 59.07

Some other fuelg 32.86 20.94 22.12 35.07 29.06 32.61 43.59

Indoor light bulbs used at least 4 

hours a day

0 to 2 2.86 1.43 1.50 2.35 1.99 2.15 2.82

3 to 5 3.11 1.70 1.89 2.57 1.98 2.22 2.68

6 to 9 3.92 2.44 2.60 3.25 3.32 3.43 3.89

10 to 19 4.57 2.60 2.63 3.48 3.02 2.97 3.50

20 or more 9.24 5.75 5.15 6.29 6.71 6.01 6.70

Total number of rooms (excluding 

bathrooms)

1 or 2 11.20 6.50 6.52 8.66 12.74 12.74 12.25

3 7.34 3.14 2.73 5.83 6.48 6.93 9.07

4 5.79 2.30 2.37 4.38 3.52 3.55 4.94

5 4.15 2.26 2.16 3.24 4.12 4.03 4.63

6 4.04 1.61 1.78 2.72 3.02 3.13 3.76

7 3.74 1.81 1.97 2.56 3.33 3.53 3.92

8 4.67 1.71 1.70 3.13 2.62 2.66 3.84

9 or more 2.97 1.56 1.53 1.94 2.69 2.67 2.99

Number of bedrooms

0 17.55 8.63 8.32 12.29 21.59 21.46 20.63

1 5.13 2.78 2.61 4.66 4.35 4.58 5.71

2 2.86 1.57 1.68 3.05 3.00 3.02 4.05

3 2.14 0.96 1.23 1.37 2.04 2.25 2.20

4 4.31 1.51 1.53 2.13 2.57 2.51 3.10

5 or more 6.94 3.49 3.66 5.05 4.32 4.54 5.38

Basement

Yes 0.90 0.95 1.14 1.46 1.47 1.60 1.79

Finished basement 1.94 1.14 1.32 1.78 1.93 2.08 2.13

Unfinished basement 2.41 1.75 1.95 2.71 2.70 2.83 3.71

No 3.28 1.67 1.83 3.25 2.56 2.70 3.87

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 0.00 1.43 1.50 3.02 3.18 3.22 3.76
RSEs for number 

of housing units

Total Midwesta Totalb Heatedc Cooledc Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.75 0.89 1.24 1.13 1.25 1.45

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.11 Average square footage of Midwest homes, 2020

RSEs for average square footage 

per housing unit

RSEs for average square footage 

per household member

Adequacy of insulation

Well insulated 3.29 1.67 1.81 2.04 2.34 2.37 2.52

Adequately insulated 1.87 1.26 1.26 1.80 1.91 1.91 2.30

Poorly insulated 3.87 2.25 2.46 3.91 3.36 3.37 4.50

No insulation 14.05 7.78 9.41 13.06 10.76 12.17 13.60

Type of glass in windows

Single-pane glass 3.11 1.89 1.88 3.12 2.80 2.91 3.49

Double-pane glass 1.47 0.82 1.00 1.09 1.41 1.57 1.63

Triple-pane glass 10.13 5.53 6.00 7.73 7.49 7.56 9.71

Number of household members

1 member 3.09 2.12 2.08 2.86 2.12 2.08 2.86

2 members 2.28 1.46 1.45 1.99 1.46 1.45 1.99

3 members 4.59 3.33 3.16 4.23 3.33 3.16 4.23

4 members 5.39 2.90 3.12 3.59 2.90 3.12 3.59

5 members 7.66 3.60 4.28 5.43 3.60 4.28 5.43

6 or more members 12.00 4.99 5.48 7.26 4.69 5.21 6.65

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 10.86 5.87 5.00 9.79 10.08 10.33 14.53

$5,000 to $9,999 11.72 6.04 6.55 12.17 8.88 9.41 14.40

$10,000 to $19,999 6.55 4.37 4.43 7.65 6.24 6.46 8.01

$20,000 to $39,999 3.87 1.60 1.71 3.23 2.70 2.66 3.69

$40,000 to $59,999 4.29 2.55 2.48 3.52 3.67 3.56 4.41

$60,000 to $99,999 3.08 1.97 1.84 2.49 2.70 2.71 3.04

$100,000 to $149,999 4.72 2.47 2.65 2.82 3.25 3.42 3.67

$150,000 or more 5.18 2.07 2.07 2.42 2.69 2.80 3.14

Ownership of housing unith

Owned 0.87 0.86 0.94 1.30 1.19 1.25 1.44

Rented 2.25 1.52 1.46 3.03 2.46 2.66 3.63

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: See RECS Terminology for the definitions of terms used in these tables. 

a Total Midwest includes all primary occupied housing units in the Midwest Census Region. Vacant housing units, seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and group 

quarters are excluded.

b Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned 

and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square footage 

based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported 

square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for full details about data collection and processing.

c

When calculating average heated and cooled square footage all housing units are considered, including those that are not heated or cooled.

d

 Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 

50,000 or more people, while urban clusters have at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

e

 The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We 

combined climate regions for this publication. The Subarctic region is included with data for Very-cold/Cold .

f

 Households that use propane only for outdoor grilling are excluded from the RECS estimate of households using propane. 

g Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.

h Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without paying rent.