Heat

Pumps Furnaces

Individual

Space

Heaters

District

Heat Boilers

Packaged

Heating

Units Other

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,982 476 1,864 819 65 579 953 205

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ................................... 2,552 2,100 258 1,039 415 Q 162 423 121

5,001 to 10,000 ................................. 889 782 63 391 170 Q 105 214 Q

10,001 to 25,000 ............................... 738 659 86 307 142 18 138 170 28

25,001 to 50,000 ............................... 241 225 33 76 49 9 78 69 13

50,001 to 100,000 ............................. 129 123 21 30 25 8 49 47 6

100,001 to 200,000 ........................... 65 62 9 15 12 9 31 20 Q

200,001 to 500,000 ........................... 25 24 5 5 5 4 13 7 2

Over 500,000 .................................... 7 6 1 1 1 2 3 2 Q

Principal Building Activity

Education .......................................... 386 382 66 111 67 25 84 99 Q

Food Sales ....................................... 226 188 Q 77 Q N Q 46 Q

Food Service ..................................... 297 282 26 125 28 Q 36 103 Q

Health Care ....................................... 129 124 22 61 21 1 22 28 Q

 Inpatient .......................................... 8 8 Q Q 1 1 6 3 Q

 Outpatient ....................................... 121 116 19 58 19 Q 16 25 Q

Lodging ............................................. 142 142 25 31 57 Q 42 31 Q

Retail (Other Than Mall)..................... 443 408 42 227 75 Q 30 97 Q

Office ................................................ 824 802 113 362 157 16 123 214 33

Public Assembly ............................... 277 258 24 120 46 6 48 56 Q

Public Order and Safety .................... 71 70 Q 41 Q Q 13 16 Q

Religious Worship ............................. 370 359 54 193 71 Q 73 63 Q

Service .............................................. 622 515 29 288 131 Q 49 96 60

Warehouse and Storage ................... 597 316 32 156 98 Q 25 68 Q

Other ................................................ 79 67 Q 35 17 Q 16 20 Q

Vacant .............................................. 182 69 Q 36 Q Q Q Q Q

Year Constructed

Before 1920 ...................................... 330 302 Q 151 65 Q 105 25 Q

1920 to 1945 ..................................... 527 442 31 235 72 12 103 63 Q

1946 to 1959 ..................................... 562 493 44 259 120 13 98 79 Q

1960 to 1969 ..................................... 579 524 50 242 114 13 82 106 24

1970 to 1979 ..................................... 731 648 82 330 130 6 65 176 40

1980 to 1989 ..................................... 707 618 102 252 119 4 43 209 40

1990 to 1999 ..................................... 876 719 120 299 152 8 56 226 35

2000 to 2003 ..................................... 334 236 39 96 47 Q 27 70 15

Census Region

Northeast .......................................... 726 672 47 310 122 17 227 95 22

Midwest ............................................ 1,266 1,112 45 736 242 13 175 151 80

South ................................................ 1,775 1,462 304 467 271 20 88 532 56

West ................................................. 878 735 80 352 185 15 89 175 47

Climate Zone: 30-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ..................... 855 752 28 474 172 6 178 90 60

 5,500-7,000 HDD ............................ 1,173 1,055 68 615 215 27 198 147 54

 4,000-5,499 HDD ............................ 673 626 81 297 149 13 112 122 Q

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 1,276 1,051 213 368 220 12 64 356 45

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 669 498 86 110 64 7 27 238 22

Table B38. Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings*

Heated 

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

Released: October 2006

Next CBECS will be conducted in 2007
Heat

Pumps Furnaces

Individual

Space

Heaters

District

Heat Boilers

Packaged

Heating

Units Other

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,982 476 1,864 819 65 579 953 205

Table B38. Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings*

Heated 

Buildings

Number of Floors

One ................................................... 3,136 2,566 334 1,193 550 14 190 682 140

Two ................................................... 1,031 960 97 487 174 19 194 207 50

Three ................................................ 339 319 31 155 68 10 119 41 Q

Four to Nine ...................................... 128 125 11 28 25 19 69 20 4

Ten or More ...................................... 12 12 3 Q 2 3 6 3 1

Number of Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ..................................... 2,653 2,080 236 1,013 470 Q 216 366 125

5 to 9 ................................................ 778 733 89 399 120 Q 88 186 Q

10 to 19 ............................................. 563 536 64 244 102 Q 81 165 28

20 to 49 ............................................. 398 387 42 152 86 16 94 137 19

50 to 99 ............................................. 147 141 23 40 22 7 51 58 5

100 to 249 ......................................... 77 76 16 12 14 9 34 33 Q

250 or More ...................................... 30 29 5 4 5 5 15 9 3

Weekly Operating Hours

Fewer than 40 ................................... 1,002 751 89 375 161 Q 72 132 40

40 to 48 ............................................. 1,117 1,037 131 506 236 12 145 227 55

49 to 60 ............................................. 1,062 965 102 481 197 18 141 226 48

61 to 84 ............................................. 591 535 67 255 84 11 93 132 25

85 to 167 ........................................... 400 331 31 122 48 9 49 129 Q

Open Continuously ........................... 475 364 55 125 93 10 79 107 24

Multibuilding Facility

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ............................................. 3,169 2,835 281 1,434 563 Q 405 696 153

College or University ......................... 83 80 10 Q 6 29 26 6 Q

Primary or Secondary School ........... 254 243 47 68 59 Q 31 67 Q

Office Complex ................................. 111 101 21 31 17 Q 16 31 Q

Retail Complex ................................. 151 110 Q 51 34 N Q 19 Q

Religious Campus or Complex .......... 195 186 33 73 28 Q 42 42 Q

Health Care Complex ........................ 39 36 7 14 4 Q 10 10 Q

Lodging or Resort Complex .............. 61 58 9 Q 23 Q 7 16 Q

Government Complex ....................... 87 70 Q 28 15 4 14 21 Q

Other ................................................ 496 262 45 137 69 Q 23 44 18

Renovations in Buildings

Constructed Before 1980

(more than one may apply)

Any Type of Renovation

 Since 1980 ....................................... 1,018 953 95 471 217 18 221 206 37

 Addition or Annex ........................... 256 246 29 135 61 2 62 59 Q

 Reduction In Floorspace ................ 22 22 Q Q Q Q 8 Q Q

 Cosmetic Improvements ................ 741 699 79 344 156 10 171 159 23

 Wall or Roof Replacement ............. 370 348 33 161 70 9 96 82 Q

 Interior Wall

 Re-Configuration ........................... 411 395 29 204 106 7 106 84 Q

 HVAC Equipment Upgrade ............ 442 427 48 214 97 9 126 100 10

 Lighting Upgrade ............................ 455 425 44 198 97 15 124 101 12

 Window Replacement .................... 310 295 26 145 89 6 91 55 Q

 Plumbing System Upgrade ............ 315 300 26 151 72 8 85 69 Q

 Insulation Upgrade ......................... 227 217 15 128 45 3 48 40 Q

 Other Renovation ........................... 19 19 Q Q Q Q 9 Q N

No Renovations Since 1980 .............. 1,710 1,455 119 746 284 33 232 242 78

Building Newer than 1980 ................. 1,917 1,573 261 647 318 14 126 504 89

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Heat

Pumps Furnaces

Individual

Space

Heaters

District

Heat Boilers

Packaged

Heating

Units Other

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,982 476 1,864 819 65 579 953 205

Table B38. Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings*

Heated 

Buildings

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 4,404 3,971 476 1,860 819 65 579 953 198

Natural Gas ...................................... 2,391 2,344 152 1,314 429 24 432 586 85

Fuel Oil ............................................. 451 443 21 211 94 4 178 54 40

District Heat ...................................... 67 67 2 Q 5 65 Q 3 Q

District Chilled Water ........................ 33 32 Q Q Q 24 5 5 Q

Propane ............................................ 502 489 44 259 162 Q 55 101 44

Other ................................................ 132 132 Q 73 46 Q 24 17 48

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 1,766 1,766 466 554 604 6 161 572 116

Natural Gas ...................................... 2,165 2,165 124 1,273 399 4 397 529 80

Fuel Oil ............................................. 360 360 6 188 79 Q 144 17 36

District Heat ...................................... 65 65 2 Q 4 65 Q 3 Q

Propane ............................................ 372 372 28 212 122 Q 30 79 40

Other ................................................ 113 113 Q 65 40 N 18 Q 47

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity .......................................... 1,258 1,258 371 296 305 Q 58 427 60

Natural Gas ...................................... 1,999 1,999 85 1,212 361 Q 373 456 69

Fuel Oil ............................................. 282 282 Q 145 39 N 121 Q Q

District Heat ...................................... 63 63 1 Q 4 63 Q 2 Q

Propane ............................................ 308 308 Q 176 89 Q Q 63 Q

Other ................................................ 72 72 Q Q Q N Q Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ............ 3,982 3,982 476 1,864 819 65 579 953 205

Buildings with Cooling ....................... 3,625 3,469 469 1,581 685 53 485 932 154

Buildings with Water Heating ............ 3,472 3,337 397 1,585 657 59 546 828 172

Buildings with Cooking ...................... 801 764 92 314 131 9 184 241 30

Buildings with Manufacturing ............ 119 111 9 57 39 Q 26 29 Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ....................................... 149 148 26 55 38 6 62 50 8

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated ....................................... 663 N N N N N N N N

1 to 50 .............................................. 523 523 37 240 178 Q 30 109 29

51 to 99 ............................................. 498 498 61 241 114 5 77 138 22

100 ................................................... 2,962 2,962 378 1,383 527 58 472 706 153

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ...................................... 476 476 476 71 56 2 33 52 16

 Packaged Heat Pumps ................... 278 278 278 38 26 Q 18 36 Q

 Split-System Heat Pumps ............... 166 166 166 30 28 Q 9 17 Q

 Individual Room Heat Pumps .......... 58 58 58 9 9 Q 13 14 Q

Furnaces ........................................... 1,864 1,864 71 1,864 334 Q 87 100 47

Individual Space Heaters .................. 819 819 56 334 819 4 87 127 32

District Heat ...................................... 65 65 2 Q 4 65 Q 3 Q

Boilers .............................................. 579 579 33 87 87 Q 579 61 Q

Packaged Heating Units ................... 953 953 52 100 127 3 61 953 19

Other ................................................ 205 205 16 47 32 Q Q 19 205

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Heat

Pumps Furnaces

Individual

Space

Heaters

District

Heat Boilers

Packaged

Heating

Units Other

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,982 476 1,864 819 65 579 953 205

Table B38. Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings*

Heated 

Buildings

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ............................... 1,006 963 36 675 171 Q 127 184 29

Heat Pumps ...................................... 492 481 448 85 57 2 39 51 16

 Packaged Heat Pumps ................... 288 287 263 48 27 Q 22 37 Q

 Split-System Heat Pumps ............... 174 163 154 34 28 Q 10 14 Q

 Individual Room Heat Pumps .......... 58 58 57 9 9 Q 14 14 Q

Individual Air Conditioners ................ 742 718 41 302 321 12 169 102 47

District Chilled Water ........................ 33 32 Q Q Q 24 5 5 Q

Central Chillers ................................. 111 106 11 9 12 14 73 20 10

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ................................................ 1,613 1,539 68 689 255 7 207 738 55

Swamp Coolers ................................ 122 103 Q 65 36 Q 22 16 Q

Other ................................................ 40 39 Q Q Q Q 9 Q Q

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1990 (more than one may apply)

Heating ............................................. 1,197 1,197 145 602 268 Q 179 288 49

Cooling ............................................. 1,356 1,315 156 642 288 13 249 299 50

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ............. 466 441 51 167 78 25 110 142 20

Economizer Cycle ............................. 508 497 68 155 83 21 133 186 25

HVAC Maintenance .......................... 2,581 2,491 334 1,167 375 59 468 650 104

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ................... 252 245 52 43 39 17 72 85 17

Equipment Usage Reduced

When Building Not In Full Use

(more than one may apply)

a

Heating ............................................. 2,878 2,878 336 1,385 648 30 396 695 143

Cooling ............................................. 2,761 2,650 343 1,221 571 28 369 719 111

Lighting ............................................. 3,685 3,397 402 1,649 685 49 481 800 156

Office Equipment .............................. 1,504 1,445 184 707 284 22 211 361 70

Notes: ● HVAC = Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. ● Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 2003 Commercial Buildings Energy 

Consumption Survey. 

See "Guide to the Tables" or "Glossary" for further explanations of the terms used in this table. Both can be accessed from the CBECS web site - 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.

 * Figures in this table do not include enclosed malls and strip malls. Mall buildings add an estimated 213 thousand buildings comprising 6.9 

billion square feet.

a The definition for one or more of these row items has changed and may not be directly comparable with past CBECS estimates. See "Guide to 

the Tables" for discussion of the differences.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Heat

Pumps Furnaces

Individual

Space

Heaters

District

Heat Boilers

Packaged

Heating

Units Other

All Buildings* .................................. 64,783 60,028 8,814 19,615 12,545 5,166 20,423 18,021 3,262

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ................................... 6,789 5,668 685 2,902 1,047 Q 461 1,159 330

5,001 to 10,000 ................................. 6,585 5,786 462 2,891 1,282 Q 773 1,599 Q

10,001 to 25,000 ............................... 11,535 10,387 1,400 4,653 2,129 289 2,164 2,765 456

25,001 to 50,000 ............................... 8,668 8,060 1,150 2,761 1,748 325 2,829 2,449 419

50,001 to 100,000 ............................. 9,057 8,718 1,524 2,086 1,819 549 3,497 3,328 450

100,001 to 200,000 ........................... 9,064 8,710 1,245 1,974 1,625 1,365 4,283 2,797 Q

200,001 to 500,000 ........................... 7,176 6,907 1,295 1,456 1,313 1,010 3,844 2,156 514

Over 500,000 .................................... 5,908 5,792 1,053 891 1,582 1,528 2,573 1,769 Q

Principal Building Activity

Education .......................................... 9,874 9,755 1,787 1,855 1,500 1,106 5,171 2,596 Q

Food Sales ....................................... 1,255 1,131 Q 567 Q N Q 422 Q

Food Service ..................................... 1,654 1,608 168 675 186 Q 328 591 Q

Health Care ....................................... 3,163 3,100 641 786 600 410 1,857 942 Q

 Inpatient .......................................... 1,905 1,905 424 386 409 353 1,477 672 Q

 Outpatient ....................................... 1,258 1,195 217 400 191 Q 380 270 Q

Lodging ............................................. 5,096 4,994 1,183 1,065 1,462 Q 2,773 1,356 Q

Retail (Other Than Mall)..................... 4,317 4,075 444 2,049 667 Q 383 1,397 Q

Office ................................................ 12,208 11,929 1,795 2,405 2,186 1,526 4,117 3,754 970

Public Assembly ............................... 3,939 3,777 409 1,028 677 530 1,421 879 Q

Public Order and Safety .................... 1,090 1,083 Q 260 Q Q 437 328 Q

Religious Worship ............................. 3,754 3,581 577 1,945 875 Q 1,148 733 Q

Service .............................................. 4,050 3,687 457 1,974 1,010 Q 791 957 393

Warehouse and Storage ................... 10,078 8,126 913 3,757 2,457 Q 1,031 3,118 Q

Other ................................................ 1,738 1,691 Q 700 311 Q 546 498 Q

Vacant .............................................. 2,567 1,491 Q 550 Q Q Q Q Q

Year Constructed

Before 1920 ...................................... 3,769 3,667 Q 1,350 782 Q 1,926 390 Q

1920 to 1945 ..................................... 6,871 6,236 622 2,085 1,427 1,203 2,744 979 Q

1946 to 1959 ..................................... 7,045 6,534 848 2,475 1,442 661 3,081 1,422 Q

1960 to 1969 ..................................... 8,101 7,510 827 2,346 1,469 786 2,957 1,993 242

1970 to 1979 ..................................... 10,772 10,223 1,378 3,612 2,393 573 3,339 3,443 779

1980 to 1989 ..................................... 10,332 9,808 2,018 2,418 1,799 780 2,803 3,816 641

1990 to 1999 ..................................... 12,360 11,254 1,974 3,971 2,433 691 2,257 4,067 814

2000 to 2003 ..................................... 5,533 4,796 999 1,359 800 Q 1,316 1,911 401

Census Region

Northeast .......................................... 12,905 12,596 1,213 3,596 2,786 1,245 6,228 2,912 579

Midwest ............................................ 17,080 16,331 1,058 7,229 4,169 1,623 6,141 3,666 820

South ................................................ 23,489 20,998 4,942 5,715 3,608 1,683 4,393 8,130 1,381

West ................................................. 11,310 10,102 1,600 3,075 1,981 615 3,662 3,312 481

Climate Zone: 30-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ..................... 10,622 10,109 727 4,587 3,014 801 4,060 2,126 816

 5,500-7,000 HDD ............................ 17,335 16,720 1,471 6,411 3,582 1,749 6,835 3,708 674

 4,000-5,499 HDD ............................ 11,504 11,239 1,971 2,648 2,524 1,266 4,693 3,204 497

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 15,739 13,965 3,283 4,313 2,569 918 3,334 5,619 525

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 9,584 7,995 1,361 1,658 856 432 1,500 3,365 750

Table B39. Heating Equipment, Floorspace for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings*

Heated 

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables
Heat

Pumps Furnaces

Individual

Space

Heaters

District

Heat Boilers

Packaged

Heating

Units Other

All Buildings* .................................. 64,783 60,028 8,814 19,615 12,545 5,166 20,423 18,021 3,262

Table B39. Heating Equipment, Floorspace for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings*

Heated 

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Floors

One ................................................... 25,981 22,744 3,440 9,476 4,914 Q 3,267 8,267 1,236

Two ................................................... 16,270 15,408 2,146 6,368 2,908 501 5,116 4,671 874

Three ................................................ 7,501 7,198 1,139 2,231 1,709 385 3,856 1,822 Q

Four to Nine ...................................... 10,085 9,744 1,146 1,054 2,087 2,350 5,793 1,987 426

Ten or More ...................................... 4,947 4,933 943 Q 927 1,298 2,391 1,273 502

Number of Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ..................................... 15,492 12,182 1,196 5,347 2,782 Q 1,986 2,269 544

5 to 9 ................................................ 6,166 5,822 647 3,043 938 Q 1,140 1,571 Q

10 to 19 ............................................. 7,803 7,410 932 3,057 1,542 Q 1,884 2,209 394

20 to 49 ............................................. 10,989 10,822 1,460 3,814 2,364 653 3,588 3,526 799

50 to 99 ............................................. 7,934 7,650 1,398 1,899 1,628 460 3,556 2,835 372

100 to 249 ......................................... 6,871 6,766 1,513 1,290 1,300 972 3,401 2,736 Q

250 or More ...................................... 9,528 9,376 1,668 1,165 1,991 2,063 4,869 2,874 808

Weekly Operating Hours

Fewer than 40 ................................... 6,863 5,246 550 2,374 1,106 Q 1,023 1,058 239

40 to 48 ............................................. 11,622 10,928 1,623 3,978 2,013 493 3,381 3,119 479

49 to 60 ............................................. 15,723 14,763 1,910 4,950 3,172 1,576 4,113 4,185 949

61 to 84 ............................................. 10,334 10,012 1,545 3,426 1,810 760 3,491 2,806 804

85 to 167 ........................................... 7,092 6,680 818 1,989 1,476 773 1,974 2,690 Q

Open Continuously ........................... 13,149 12,399 2,367 2,899 2,969 1,384 6,441 4,163 449

Multibuilding Facility

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ............................................. 40,048 37,438 4,995 14,226 7,979 1,144 11,924 12,056 1,874

College or University ......................... 3,480 3,456 324 Q 279 1,977 1,175 440 Q

Primary or Secondary School ........... 3,947 3,910 911 818 637 Q 1,691 1,168 Q

Office Complex ................................. 2,712 2,665 455 212 626 Q 1,055 992 Q

Retail Complex ................................. 1,238 941 Q 422 271 N Q 280 Q

Religious Campus or Complex .......... 2,347 2,245 320 731 302 Q 988 406 Q

Health Care Complex ........................ 2,303 2,231 543 489 413 409 1,551 655 Q

Lodging or Resort Complex .............. 912 830 251 Q 380 Q 356 302 Q

Government Complex ....................... 2,014 1,987 Q 319 273 Q 610 463 Q

Other ................................................ 5,783 4,325 696 2,019 1,384 Q 1,024 1,259 568

Renovations in Buildings

Constructed Before 1980

(more than one may apply)

Any Type of Renovation

 Since 1980 ....................................... 17,844 17,204 2,367 5,768 4,345 1,644 8,140 5,138 548

 Addition or Annex ........................... 6,551 6,439 1,187 2,481 1,627 435 3,417 1,982 Q

 Reduction In Floorspace ................ 1,012 1,012 Q Q Q Q 698 Q Q

 Cosmetic Improvements ................ 13,119 12,739 1,687 4,128 3,186 1,169 6,277 3,773 346

 Wall or Roof Replacement ............. 8,070 7,919 1,141 2,258 2,080 833 4,224 2,478 Q

 Interior Wall

 Re-Configuration ........................... 8,518 8,385 1,144 2,539 2,330 1,007 4,470 2,668 Q

 HVAC Equipment Upgrade ............ 10,768 10,634 1,765 3,438 2,925 1,262 5,534 3,539 361

 Lighting Upgrade ............................ 10,275 10,049 1,441 2,892 2,563 1,283 5,421 3,036 288

 Window Replacement .................... 6,354 6,157 788 1,973 1,680 686 3,361 1,763 Q

 Plumbing System Upgrade ............ 7,144 6,988 1,042 2,063 1,891 924 3,891 2,293 Q

 Insulation Upgrade ......................... 4,015 3,974 516 1,664 1,192 351 1,735 1,526 Q

 Other Renovation ........................... 523 497 Q Q Q Q 302 Q N

No Renovations Since 1980 .............. 18,714 16,967 1,456 6,100 3,167 1,862 5,907 3,089 859

Building Newer than 1980 ................. 28,225 25,857 4,991 7,747 5,032 1,660 6,376 9,794 1,856

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Heat

Pumps Furnaces

Individual

Space

Heaters

District

Heat Boilers

Packaged

Heating

Units Other

All Buildings* .................................. 64,783 60,028 8,814 19,615 12,545 5,166 20,423 18,021 3,262

Table B39. Heating Equipment, Floorspace for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings*

Heated 

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 63,307 59,991 8,814 19,604 12,540 5,166 20,423 18,021 3,242

Natural Gas ...................................... 43,468 42,974 5,552 15,304 8,969 2,291 18,174 13,618 1,801

Fuel Oil ............................................. 15,157 14,942 2,417 3,330 3,236 1,592 8,930 3,862 1,095

District Heat ...................................... 5,443 5,378 413 Q 605 5,166 Q 589 Q

District Chilled Water ........................ 2,853 2,734 Q Q Q 2,231 391 370 Q

Propane ............................................ 7,076 6,790 944 2,831 1,968 Q 1,949 1,983 599

Other ................................................ 1,401 1,399 Q 617 448 Q 613 296 405

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 28,600 28,600 8,688 8,653 9,838 1,088 7,766 11,947 2,139

Natural Gas ...................................... 36,959 36,959 4,643 14,562 7,947 486 16,417 12,283 1,524

Fuel Oil ............................................. 5,988 5,988 295 1,827 1,438 Q 4,355 593 265

District Heat ...................................... 5,198 5,198 413 Q 560 5,166 Q 528 Q

Propane ............................................ 3,204 3,204 516 1,946 1,178 Q 761 833 443

Other ................................................ 842 842 Q 435 317 N 286 Q 384

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity .......................................... 15,996 15,996 4,812 3,655 3,736 Q 2,115 6,767 1,286

Natural Gas ...................................... 32,970 32,970 3,430 13,476 6,907 Q 15,138 10,115 1,275

Fuel Oil ............................................. 3,818 3,818 Q 1,153 739 N 2,714 Q Q

District Heat ...................................... 4,907 4,907 388 Q 533 4,875 Q 466 Q

Propane ............................................ 1,955 1,955 Q 1,140 522 Q Q 469 Q

Other ................................................ 382 382 Q Q Q N Q Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ............ 60,028 60,028 8,814 19,615 12,545 5,166 20,423 18,021 3,262

Buildings with Cooling ....................... 56,940 55,188 8,780 17,494 11,526 4,376 19,051 17,745 2,961

Buildings with Water Heating ............ 56,478 55,154 8,390 17,920 11,659 4,354 19,904 16,821 3,031

Buildings with Cooking ...................... 22,237 21,725 4,202 5,351 4,804 1,747 11,586 7,112 868

Buildings with Manufacturing ............ 3,138 3,072 293 1,486 1,087 Q 1,145 1,087 Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ....................................... 12,821 12,635 2,580 2,377 2,750 1,953 6,863 4,166 915

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated ....................................... 4,756 N N N N N N N N

1 to 50 .............................................. 6,850 6,850 670 2,852 2,055 Q 792 2,390 279

51 to 99 ............................................. 8,107 8,107 1,497 2,597 1,943 631 3,110 2,546 476

100 ................................................... 45,071 45,071 6,647 14,165 8,547 4,509 16,521 13,085 2,507

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ...................................... 8,814 8,814 8,814 2,117 1,861 413 2,787 3,069 358

 Packaged Heat Pumps ................... 5,442 5,442 5,442 1,125 1,114 Q 1,699 2,236 Q

 Split-System Heat Pumps ............... 2,581 2,581 2,581 774 872 Q 622 717 Q

 Individual Room Heat Pumps .......... 2,691 2,691 2,691 592 594 Q 1,227 1,376 Q

Furnaces ........................................... 19,615 19,615 2,117 19,615 4,858 Q 2,986 3,483 883

Individual Space Heaters .................. 12,545 12,545 1,861 4,858 12,545 543 3,830 3,900 373

District Heat ...................................... 5,166 5,166 413 Q 543 5,166 Q 512 Q

Boilers .............................................. 20,423 20,423 2,787 2,986 3,830 Q 20,423 3,910 Q

Packaged Heating Units ................... 18,021 18,021 3,069 3,483 3,900 512 3,910 18,021 482

Other ................................................ 3,262 3,262 358 883 373 Q Q 482 3,262

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Heat

Pumps Furnaces

Individual

Space

Heaters

District

Heat Boilers

Packaged

Heating

Units Other

All Buildings* .................................. 64,783 60,028 8,814 19,615 12,545 5,166 20,423 18,021 3,262

Table B39. Heating Equipment, Floorspace for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings*

Heated 

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ............................... 11,035 10,617 1,356 6,251 2,933 Q 3,352 2,812 495

Heat Pumps ...................................... 9,041 8,921 8,366 2,111 1,774 404 2,919 3,065 381

 Packaged Heat Pumps ................... 5,426 5,407 5,174 1,128 1,054 Q 1,694 2,147 Q

 Split-System Heat Pumps ............... 2,606 2,559 2,452 761 840 Q 650 711 Q

 Individual Room Heat Pumps .......... 2,940 2,887 2,610 596 568 Q 1,336 1,453 Q

Individual Air Conditioners ................ 12,558 12,167 2,049 4,077 4,558 758 5,926 3,722 579

District Chilled Water ........................ 2,853 2,734 Q Q Q 2,231 391 370 Q

Central Chillers ................................. 11,636 11,440 1,992 1,352 2,175 1,737 7,857 2,703 979

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ................................................ 29,969 29,007 3,446 9,995 6,288 1,023 9,946 14,747 1,255

Swamp Coolers ................................ 1,561 1,451 Q 718 611 Q 620 347 Q

Other ................................................ 1,232 1,203 Q Q Q Q 596 Q Q

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1990 (more than one may apply)

Heating ............................................. 16,403 16,403 2,455 6,420 4,563 Q 5,746 5,315 730

Cooling ............................................. 20,995 20,633 3,375 6,935 4,979 917 9,022 6,277 912

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ............. 19,597 19,108 2,747 3,619 3,962 2,886 9,385 5,938 1,192

Economizer Cycle ............................. 21,108 20,828 3,558 3,846 4,517 2,873 10,246 7,804 1,274

HVAC Maintenance .......................... 51,163 49,812 7,769 15,148 9,459 4,956 18,923 15,677 2,579

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ................... 15,630 15,457 2,897 2,092 2,973 2,662 7,451 5,128 1,124

Equipment Usage Reduced

When Building Not In Full Use

(more than one may apply)

a

Heating ............................................. 42,722 42,722 6,388 14,172 9,211 3,047 14,636 12,799 2,411

Cooling ............................................. 43,205 41,977 6,693 13,252 8,795 3,273 14,480 13,342 2,336

Lighting ............................................. 46,987 44,799 6,227 15,787 8,942 3,568 13,430 12,979 2,563

Office Equipment .............................. 19,397 18,638 2,508 7,119 3,604 1,313 5,788 4,887 990

Notes: ● HVAC = Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. ● Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 2003 Commercial Buildings Energy 

Consumption Survey. 

See "Guide to the Tables" or "Glossary" for further explanations of the terms used in this table. Both can be accessed from the CBECS web site - 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.

 * Figures in this table do not include enclosed malls and strip malls. Mall buildings add an estimated 213 thousand buildings comprising 6.9 billion 

square feet.

a The definition for one or more of these row items has changed and may not be directly comparable with past CBECS estimates. See "Guide to 

the Tables" for discussion of the differences.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
ResidentialType 

Central 

Air 

ConditionersHeat

Pumps

Individual

Air

Conditioners

District 

Chilled 

Water

Central 

Chillers

Packaged

Air

Conditioning

Units

Swamp

Coolers Other

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742 33 111 1,613 122 40

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ................................... 2,552 1,841 581 260 383 Q Q 678 58 Q

5,001 to 10,000 ................................. 889 732 207 78 134 Q Q 367 26 Q

10,001 to 25,000 ............................... 738 629 140 87 114 Q 26 332 26 Q

25,001 to 50,000 ............................... 241 216 47 33 62 6 19 119 Q Q

50,001 to 100,000 ............................. 129 118 19 20 27 5 24 67 Q Q

100,001 to 200,000 ........................... 65 60 8 8 16 6 17 32 Q Q

200,001 to 500,000 ........................... 25 23 4 4 4 2 10 13 Q Q

Over 500,000 .................................... 7 6 1 1 1 1 3 3 Q Q

Principal Building Activity

Education .......................................... 386 352 59 63 87 14 36 139 Q Q

Food Sales ....................................... 226 210 36 Q Q N N 107 Q Q

Food Service ..................................... 297 283 69 30 33 Q Q 176 Q Q

Health Care ....................................... 129 129 47 22 8 1 8 57 Q Q

 Inpatient .......................................... 8 8 1 Q 3 1 4 5 Q Q

 Outpatient ....................................... 121 121 46 19 Q Q 4 52 N N

Lodging ............................................. 142 130 23 25 71 Q 11 39 Q Q

Retail (Other Than Mall)..................... 443 406 95 50 82 Q Q 200 Q Q

Office ................................................ 824 790 273 107 107 9 29 339 Q 15

Public Assembly ............................... 277 213 63 27 40 3 6 96 Q Q

Public Order and Safety .................... 71 61 Q Q 20 Q Q 27 Q N

Religious Worship ............................. 370 308 102 57 74 Q Q 138 Q Q

Service .............................................. 622 370 97 33 116 N Q 136 Q N

Warehouse and Storage ................... 597 266 91 28 48 Q Q 113 Q Q

Other ................................................ 79 57 Q Q Q Q 4 27 Q Q

Vacant .............................................. 182 52 Q Q Q Q Q 18 Q N

Year Constructed

Before 1920 ...................................... 330 232 83 Q 82 Q 4 81 Q Q

1920 to 1945 ..................................... 527 382 135 36 109 Q 8 147 Q Q

1946 to 1959 ..................................... 562 430 115 48 124 4 11 180 Q Q

1960 to 1969 ..................................... 579 467 112 50 130 4 22 201 Q Q

1970 to 1979 ..................................... 731 609 157 77 121 5 24 294 35 Q

1980 to 1989 ..................................... 707 577 165 105 90 5 19 251 18 Q

1990 to 1999 ..................................... 876 695 184 122 72 8 16 334 19 Q

2000 to 2003 ..................................... 334 234 55 46 14 Q 8 125 Q Q

Census Region

Northeast .......................................... 726 519 144 59 179 6 10 202 Q Q

Midwest ............................................ 1,266 957 363 49 209 4 29 425 Q 10

South ................................................ 1,775 1,479 360 303 229 14 50 681 Q 12

West ................................................. 878 671 138 81 125 9 22 304 113 Q

Climate Zone: 30-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ..................... 855 578 192 30 139 3 16 261 30 Q

 5,500-7,000 HDD ............................ 1,173 882 241 81 226 4 27 374 Q 13

 4,000-5,499 HDD ............................ 673 582 191 88 142 7 21 224 Q Q

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 1,276 1,003 225 205 156 10 22 488 40 Q

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 669 580 158 89 79 9 25 266 Q Q

Table B40. Cooling Equipment, Number of Buildings for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings*

Cooled 

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables
ResidentialType 

Central 

Air 

ConditionersHeat

Pumps

Individual

Air

Conditioners

District 

Chilled 

Water

Central 

Chillers

Packaged

Air

Conditioning

Units

Swamp

Coolers Other

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742 33 111 1,613 122 40

Table B40. Cooling Equipment, Number of Buildings for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings*

Cooled 

Buildings

Number of Floors

One ................................................... 3,136 2,340 623 344 418 10 24 1,061 73 Q

Two ................................................... 1,031 864 264 103 185 6 30 384 38 16

Three ................................................ 339 290 96 32 88 4 24 119 Q Q

Four to Nine ...................................... 128 120 22 10 48 11 25 44 Q Q

Ten or More ...................................... 12 12 1 3 3 1 7 5 Q Q

Number of Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ..................................... 2,653 1,746 508 257 428 Q Q 619 64 Q

5 to 9 ................................................ 778 725 240 89 110 Q Q 345 Q Q

10 to 19 ............................................. 563 523 146 57 93 Q 10 274 Q Q

20 to 49 ............................................. 398 386 81 47 68 6 29 223 21 Q

50 to 99 ............................................. 147 139 19 22 25 7 20 92 Q Q

100 to 249 ......................................... 77 76 9 15 14 6 22 44 Q Q

250 or More ...................................... 30 30 2 5 4 4 14 16 Q 1

Weekly Operating Hours

Fewer than 40 ................................... 1,002 595 198 104 125 Q 7 206 Q Q

40 to 48 ............................................. 1,117 951 283 128 209 Q 21 384 24 Q

49 to 60 ............................................. 1,062 883 262 107 169 6 33 395 29 Q

61 to 84 ............................................. 591 521 136 68 90 6 18 248 Q Q

85 to 167 ........................................... 400 338 56 28 46 7 9 222 Q Q

Open Continuously ........................... 475 338 70 58 103 4 23 158 15 Q

Multibuilding Facility

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ............................................. 3,169 2,595 773 299 511 Q 50 1,207 85 18

College or University ......................... 83 73 Q 11 11 15 20 12 Q Q

Primary or Secondary School ........... 254 218 22 46 53 Q 18 87 Q Q

Office Complex ................................. 111 104 32 21 Q Q 3 43 Q Q

Retail Complex ................................. 151 92 Q Q Q N Q 42 Q Q

Religious Campus or Complex .......... 195 171 50 35 39 Q Q 78 Q Q

Health Care Complex ........................ 39 39 12 7 6 1 6 20 Q Q

Lodging or Resort Complex .............. 61 58 Q 9 26 Q Q 14 Q Q

Government Complex ....................... 87 62 Q Q 17 Q 5 27 Q Q

Other ................................................ 496 214 58 39 45 Q 2 84 Q Q

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
ResidentialType 

Central 

Air 

ConditionersHeat

Pumps

Individual

Air

Conditioners

District 

Chilled 

Water

Central 

Chillers

Packaged

Air

Conditioning

Units

Swamp

Coolers Other

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742 33 111 1,613 122 40

Table B40. Cooling Equipment, Number of Buildings for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings*

Cooled 

Buildings

Renovations in Buildings

Constructed Before 1980

(more than one may apply)

Any Type of Renovation

 Since 1980 ....................................... 1,018 872 243 107 236 7 40 399 35 8

 Addition or Annex ........................... 256 242 79 34 75 2 12 117 Q Q

 Reduction In Floorspace ................ 22 22 Q Q Q Q 2 12 Q Q

 Cosmetic Improvements ................ 741 644 172 81 170 5 29 321 22 6

 Wall or Roof Replacement ............. 370 309 84 37 84 2 14 145 Q Q

 Interior Wall

 Re-Configuration ........................... 411 362 96 36 97 4 20 176 Q Q

 HVAC Equipment Upgrade ............ 442 405 116 56 98 4 28 206 16 Q

 Lighting Upgrade ............................ 455 396 109 49 103 6 24 196 17 Q

 Window Replacement .................... 310 259 78 30 85 Q 11 123 Q Q

 Plumbing System Upgrade ............ 315 271 74 31 81 2 12 124 Q Q

 Insulation Upgrade ......................... 227 187 68 19 50 Q 7 67 Q Q

 Other Renovation ........................... 19 17 Q Q Q N Q Q Q N

No Renovations Since 1980 .............. 1,710 1,248 359 113 331 11 29 504 46 Q

Building Newer than 1980 ................. 1,917 1,506 404 273 175 14 42 710 41 16

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 4,404 3,623 1,006 492 742 33 111 1,613 122 37

Natural Gas ...................................... 2,391 2,153 652 176 392 17 78 1,116 78 16

Fuel Oil ............................................. 451 298 82 21 132 3 27 116 10 6

District Heat ...................................... 67 55 Q 2 13 25 15 8 Q Q

District Chilled Water ........................ 33 33 Q 1 2 33 Q 4 Q Q

Propane ............................................ 502 399 118 39 139 Q 7 149 28 Q

Other ................................................ 132 78 16 Q 24 Q Q 32 Q Q

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 3,589 3,589 1,005 492 742 9 106 1,612 122 30

Natural Gas ...................................... 17 17 Q 8 Q Q 5 4 Q Q

District Chilled Water ........................ 33 33 Q 1 2 33 Q 4 Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ............ 3,982 3,469 963 481 718 32 106 1,539 103 39

Buildings with Cooling ....................... 3,625 3,625 1,006 492 742 33 111 1,613 122 40

Buildings with Water Heating ............ 3,472 3,112 868 406 631 31 109 1,430 115 33

Buildings with Cooking ...................... 801 743 172 103 166 6 41 417 41 8

Buildings with Manufacturing ............ 119 92 26 12 19 Q Q 45 Q Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ....................................... 149 144 41 24 33 5 30 76 5 4

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled ........................................ 1,020 N N N N N N N N N

1 to 50 .............................................. 985 985 284 76 349 Q 9 348 36 Q

51 to 99 ............................................. 629 629 182 82 119 5 31 313 43 Q

100 ................................................... 2,011 2,011 540 335 274 27 72 952 43 22

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
ResidentialType 

Central 

Air 

ConditionersHeat

Pumps

Individual

Air

Conditioners

District 

Chilled 

Water

Central 

Chillers

Packaged

Air

Conditioning

Units

Swamp

Coolers Other

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742 33 111 1,613 122 40

Table B40. Cooling Equipment, Number of Buildings for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings*

Cooled 

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ...................................... 476 469 36 448 41 Q 11 68 Q Q

 Packaged Heat Pumps ................... 278 275 15 263 23 Q 6 50 Q Q

 Split-System Heat Pumps ............... 166 163 25 154 18 Q 3 16 Q Q

 Individual Room Heat Pumps .......... 58 58 6 57 10 Q 5 14 Q Q

Furnaces ........................................... 1,864 1,581 675 85 302 Q 9 689 65 Q

Individual Space Heaters .................. 819 685 171 57 321 Q 12 255 36 Q

District Heat ...................................... 65 53 Q 2 12 24 14 7 Q Q

Boilers .............................................. 579 485 127 39 169 5 73 207 22 9

Packaged Heating Units ................... 953 932 184 51 102 5 20 738 16 Q

Other ................................................ 205 154 29 16 47 Q 10 55 Q Q

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ............................... 1,006 1,006 1,006 31 99 Q 9 64 12 Q

Heat Pumps ...................................... 492 492 31 492 39 1 13 61 Q Q

 Packaged Heat Pumps ................... 288 288 11 288 21 Q 7 43 Q Q

 Split-System Heat Pumps ............... 174 174 24 174 18 Q 4 15 Q Q

 Individual Room Heat Pumps .......... 58 58 6 58 9 Q 5 14 Q Q

Individual Air Conditioners ................ 742 742 99 39 742 2 16 153 21 Q

District Chilled Water ........................ 33 33 Q 1 2 33 Q 4 Q Q

Central Chillers ................................. 111 111 9 13 16 Q 111 22 Q Q

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ................................................ 1,613 1,613 64 61 153 4 22 1,613 34 8

Swamp Coolers ................................ 122 122 12 Q 21 Q Q 34 122 Q

Other ................................................ 40 40 Q Q Q Q Q 8 Q 40

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1990 (more than one may apply)

Heating ............................................. 1,197 1,054 314 145 241 Q 28 475 25 Q

Cooling ............................................. 1,356 1,356 386 158 373 Q 36 573 54 Q

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent .................................... 2,184 1,875 580 239 455 17 73 827 61 20

Standard Fluorescent ........................ 3,943 3,408 942 460 694 29 107 1,540 120 37

Compact Fluorescent ........................ 941 864 227 127 188 17 66 423 29 10

High Intensity Discharge ................... 455 400 105 68 85 10 33 202 17 5

Halogen ............................................ 565 504 139 85 112 4 34 263 22 10

Other ................................................ 8 8 Q Q Q Q Q Q N N

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ............. 466 450 101 56 47 20 56 245 18 10

Economizer Cycle ............................. 508 508 82 72 50 18 62 326 33 5

HVAC Maintenance .......................... 2,581 2,328 625 338 368 32 104 1,157 91 26

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ................... 252 248 31 51 29 17 51 117 Q 5

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
ResidentialType 

Central 

Air 

ConditionersHeat

Pumps

Individual

Air

Conditioners

District 

Chilled 

Water

Central 

Chillers

Packaged

Air

Conditioning

Units

Swamp

Coolers Other

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742 33 111 1,613 122 40

Table B40. Cooling Equipment, Number of Buildings for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings*

Cooled 

Buildings

Equipment Usage Reduced

When Building Not In Full Use

(more than one may apply)

a

Heating ............................................. 2,878 2,512 692 346 515 18 70 1,135 79 22

Cooling ............................................. 2,761 2,761 760 359 596 20 73 1,241 98 18

Lighting ............................................. 3,685 3,122 891 412 606 25 81 1,390 103 27

Office Equipment .............................. 1,504 1,367 432 181 272 11 35 582 27 Q

Notes: ● HVAC = Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. ● Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 2003 Commercial Buildings Energy 

Consumption Survey. 

See "Guide to the Tables" or "Glossary" for further explanations of the terms used in this table. Both can be accessed from the CBECS web site - 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.

 * Figures in this table do not include enclosed malls and strip malls. Mall buildings add an estimated 213 thousand buildings comprising 6.9 billion 

square feet.

a

 The definition for one or more of these row items has changed and may not be directly comparable with past CBECS estimates. See "Guide to the 

Tables" for discussion of the differences.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
ResidentialType 

Central 

Air 

ConditionersHeat

Pumps

Individual

Air

Conditioners

District 

Chilled 

Water

Central 

Chillers

Packaged

Air

Conditioning

Units

Swamp

Coolers Other

All Buildings* .................................. 64,783 56,940 11,035 9,041 12,558 2,853 11,636 29,969 1,561 1,232

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ................................... 6,789 5,007 1,568 675 972 Q Q 1,957 179 Q

5,001 to 10,000 ................................. 6,585 5,408 1,523 563 1,012 Q Q 2,741 207 Q

10,001 to 25,000 ............................... 11,535 9,922 2,173 1,441 1,740 Q 456 5,260 378 Q

25,001 to 50,000 ............................... 8,668 7,776 1,683 1,155 2,301 240 729 4,264 Q Q

50,001 to 100,000 ............................. 9,057 8,331 1,388 1,440 1,958 332 1,722 4,732 Q Q

100,001 to 200,000 ........................... 9,064 8,339 993 1,158 2,259 793 2,366 4,504 Q Q

200,001 to 500,000 ........................... 7,176 6,565 1,136 1,273 1,223 495 3,023 3,834 Q Q

Over 500,000 .................................... 5,908 5,591 569 1,334 1,095 822 3,278 2,678 Q Q

Principal Building Activity

Education .......................................... 9,874 9,200 1,263 1,674 2,607 768 2,714 4,318 Q Q

Food Sales ....................................... 1,255 1,198 173 Q Q N N 784 Q Q

Food Service ..................................... 1,654 1,583 468 217 234 Q Q 988 Q Q

Health Care ....................................... 3,163 3,157 704 625 694 297 1,524 1,694 Q Q

 Inpatient .......................................... 1,905 1,899 321 412 607 279 1,348 1,108 Q Q

 Outpatient ....................................... 1,258 1,258 384 213 Q Q 176 585 N N

Lodging ............................................. 5,096 4,841 1,102 1,172 2,306 Q 1,401 2,003 Q Q

Retail (Other Than Mall)..................... 4,317 4,079 624 471 564 Q Q 2,723 Q Q

Office ................................................ 12,208 12,032 1,669 1,854 1,201 730 3,839 6,171 Q 439

Public Assembly ............................... 3,939 3,477 532 473 951 458 423 1,684 Q Q

Public Order and Safety .................... 1,090 1,043 Q Q 372 Q Q 438 Q N

Religious Worship ............................. 3,754 3,301 946 612 847 Q Q 1,849 Q Q

Service .............................................. 4,050 3,261 1,071 496 802 N Q 1,466 Q N

Warehouse and Storage ................... 10,078 7,295 1,861 981 1,440 Q Q 4,453 Q Q

Other ................................................ 1,738 1,636 Q Q Q Q 505 881 Q Q

Vacant .............................................. 2,567 836 Q Q Q Q Q 517 Q N

Year Constructed

Before 1920 ...................................... 3,769 2,891 722 Q 1,278 Q 392 1,198 Q Q

1920 to 1945 ..................................... 6,871 4,919 1,573 653 1,534 Q 1,063 2,847 Q Q

1946 to 1959 ..................................... 7,045 6,045 1,175 888 2,594 359 891 3,023 Q Q

1960 to 1969 ..................................... 8,101 7,125 1,421 794 1,888 446 1,776 3,596 Q Q

1970 to 1979 ..................................... 10,772 9,973 1,961 1,392 2,065 456 2,323 5,400 483 Q

1980 to 1989 ..................................... 10,332 9,836 1,397 2,055 1,342 531 2,801 4,855 324 Q

1990 to 1999 ..................................... 12,360 11,304 2,066 2,038 1,366 804 1,426 6,264 252 Q

2000 to 2003 ..................................... 5,533 4,848 720 1,064 492 Q 963 2,787 Q Q

Census Region

Northeast .......................................... 12,905 10,954 2,391 1,270 3,687 620 1,852 6,000 Q Q

Midwest ............................................ 17,080 14,484 3,609 1,063 3,488 596 2,842 8,086 Q 330

South ................................................ 23,489 21,553 3,854 4,923 3,635 1,150 4,854 10,401 Q 430

West ................................................. 11,310 9,950 1,181 1,785 1,749 487 2,088 5,482 1,342 Q

Climate Zone: 30-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ..................... 10,622 8,550 1,971 739 2,321 350 1,604 4,565 515 Q

 5,500-7,000 HDD ............................ 17,335 14,524 3,078 1,542 3,633 698 2,658 7,740 468 336

 4,000-5,499 HDD ............................ 11,504 10,946 2,207 1,998 2,786 514 2,473 6,076 Q Q

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 15,739 13,977 2,056 3,398 2,565 659 2,695 7,703 346 Q

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 9,584 8,943 1,723 1,365 1,253 633 2,205 3,884 Q Q

Table B41. Cooling Equipment, Floorspace for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings*

Cooled 

Buildings

Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply)

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables
ResidentialType 

Central 

Air 

ConditionersHeat

Pumps

Individual

Air

Conditioners

District 

Chilled 

Water

Central 

Chillers

Packaged

Air

Conditioning

Units

Swamp

Coolers Other

All Buildings* .................................. 64,783 56,940 11,035 9,041 12,558 2,853 11,636 29,969 1,561 1,232

Table B41. Cooling Equipment, Floorspace for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings*

Cooled 

Buildings

Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Floors

One ................................................... 25,981 21,419 4,674 3,598 3,899 259 864 12,208 733 Q

Two ................................................... 16,270 14,544 3,178 2,160 3,035 302 2,017 8,436 474 330

Three ................................................ 7,501 6,437 1,190 1,118 2,004 262 1,433 3,189 Q Q

Four to Nine ...................................... 10,085 9,673 1,656 1,122 2,735 1,458 3,874 4,208 Q Q

Ten or More ...................................... 4,947 4,867 338 1,043 885 571 3,447 1,927 Q Q

Number of Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ..................................... 15,492 9,591 2,630 1,303 2,342 Q Q 3,964 349 Q

5 to 9 ................................................ 6,166 5,726 1,461 696 1,144 Q Q 3,025 Q Q

10 to 19 ............................................. 7,803 7,304 2,035 862 1,608 Q 294 4,059 Q Q

20 to 49 ............................................. 10,989 10,566 2,129 1,485 2,680 327 1,243 5,941 410 Q

50 to 99 ............................................. 7,934 7,428 1,097 1,339 1,710 505 1,736 4,517 Q Q

100 to 249 ......................................... 6,871 6,806 776 1,427 1,328 583 2,436 3,939 Q Q

250 or More ...................................... 9,528 9,519 906 1,929 1,746 1,219 5,590 4,524 Q 250

Weekly Operating Hours

Fewer than 40 ................................... 6,863 3,998 1,046 639 854 Q 267 1,758 Q Q

40 to 48 ............................................. 11,622 10,508 2,414 1,542 2,362 Q 1,427 5,342 219 Q

49 to 60 ............................................. 15,723 13,757 2,603 1,971 2,723 658 2,636 7,124 319 Q

61 to 84 ............................................. 10,334 9,691 1,757 1,572 1,649 347 1,800 5,226 Q Q

85 to 167 ........................................... 7,092 6,708 1,104 797 1,072 604 983 4,101 Q Q

Open Continuously ........................... 13,149 12,277 2,110 2,519 3,897 753 4,523 6,417 418 357

Multibuilding Facility

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ............................................. 40,048 35,976 7,374 5,294 7,718 Q 6,043 20,580 1,009 542

College or University ......................... 3,480 3,277 Q 329 492 1,221 1,310 590 Q Q

Primary or Secondary School ........... 3,947 3,560 402 828 887 Q 1,077 1,687 Q Q

Office Complex ................................. 2,712 2,591 336 451 Q Q 502 1,473 Q Q

Retail Complex ................................. 1,238 919 Q Q Q N Q 603 Q Q

Religious Campus or Complex .......... 2,347 2,089 806 340 487 Q Q 1,267 Q Q

Health Care Complex ........................ 2,303 2,295 435 537 686 297 1,316 1,129 Q Q

Lodging or Resort Complex .............. 912 907 Q 251 548 Q Q 264 Q Q

Government Complex ....................... 2,014 1,509 Q Q 436 Q 405 682 Q Q

Other ................................................ 5,783 3,816 953 689 895 Q 570 1,693 Q Q

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
ResidentialType 

Central 

Air 

ConditionersHeat

Pumps

Individual

Air

Conditioners

District 

Chilled 

Water

Central 

Chillers

Packaged

Air

Conditioning

Units

Swamp

Coolers Other

All Buildings* .................................. 64,783 56,940 11,035 9,041 12,558 2,853 11,636 29,969 1,561 1,232

Table B41. Cooling Equipment, Floorspace for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings*

Cooled 

Buildings

Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply)

Renovations in Buildings

Constructed Before 1980

(more than one may apply)

Any Type of Renovation

 Since 1980 ....................................... 17,844 16,221 3,225 2,431 5,220 705 4,243 9,203 555 441

 Addition or Annex ........................... 6,551 6,173 1,367 1,257 2,236 339 1,696 3,971 Q Q

 Reduction In Floorspace ................ 1,012 1,012 Q Q Q Q 428 664 Q Q

 Cosmetic Improvements ................ 13,119 12,360 2,479 1,646 4,194 476 3,474 7,255 335 252

 Wall or Roof Replacement ............. 8,070 7,607 1,257 1,160 2,540 298 2,385 4,590 Q Q

 Interior Wall

 Re-Configuration ........................... 8,518 8,096 1,452 1,147 2,460 445 2,607 5,263 Q Q

 HVAC Equipment Upgrade ............ 10,768 10,341 1,968 1,815 3,196 537 3,417 6,158 393 Q

 Lighting Upgrade ............................ 10,275 9,718 1,914 1,452 3,133 527 3,052 5,762 353 Q

 Window Replacement .................... 6,354 5,875 1,162 782 2,521 Q 1,541 3,678 Q Q

 Plumbing System Upgrade ............ 7,144 6,728 1,164 1,056 2,442 299 2,165 4,170 Q Q

 Insulation Upgrade ......................... 4,015 3,801 966 547 995 Q 983 2,326 Q Q

 Other Renovation ........................... 523 444 Q Q Q N Q Q Q N

No Renovations Since 1980 .............. 18,714 14,732 3,626 1,452 4,138 707 2,202 6,861 414 Q

Building Newer than 1980 ................. 28,225 25,987 4,184 5,157 3,200 1,441 5,191 13,905 592 454

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 63,307 56,925 11,035 9,041 12,558 2,853 11,636 29,969 1,561 1,217

Natural Gas ...................................... 43,468 41,023 7,982 5,832 9,114 1,765 9,100 23,806 1,265 808

Fuel Oil ............................................. 15,157 13,890 2,323 2,520 4,220 986 6,049 6,860 354 505

District Heat ...................................... 5,443 4,653 Q 404 900 2,311 1,837 1,162 Q Q

District Chilled Water ........................ 2,853 2,853 Q 251 439 2,853 Q 511 Q Q

Propane ............................................ 7,076 5,713 1,299 1,072 2,111 Q 754 3,083 299 Q

Other ................................................ 1,401 1,225 255 Q 370 Q 361 602 Q Q

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 54,321 54,321 10,946 9,030 12,558 924 11,054 29,756 1,561 1,091

Natural Gas ...................................... 1,018 1,018 Q 325 Q Q 782 554 Q Q

District Chilled Water ........................ 2,853 2,853 Q 251 439 2,853 Q 511 Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ............ 60,028 55,188 10,617 8,921 12,167 2,734 11,440 29,007 1,451 1,203

Buildings with Cooling ....................... 56,940 56,940 11,035 9,041 12,558 2,853 11,636 29,969 1,561 1,232

Buildings with Water Heating ............ 56,478 53,232 10,156 8,586 11,642 2,655 11,589 28,255 1,526 1,198

Buildings with Cooking ...................... 22,237 21,451 4,013 4,239 6,186 1,274 7,320 11,986 678 584

Buildings with Manufacturing ............ 3,138 2,655 690 286 596 Q Q 1,701 Q Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ....................................... 12,821 12,746 1,704 2,608 2,656 1,272 6,047 6,587 304 529

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled ........................................ 7,843 N N N N N N N N N

1 to 50 .............................................. 16,598 16,598 4,453 1,573 5,424 Q 462 8,900 489 Q

51 to 99 ............................................. 13,211 13,211 2,332 2,334 3,170 829 4,304 7,331 522 261

100 ................................................... 27,132 27,132 4,250 5,134 3,964 1,985 6,870 13,738 550 766

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
ResidentialType 

Central 

Air 

ConditionersHeat

Pumps

Individual

Air

Conditioners

District 

Chilled 

Water

Central 

Chillers

Packaged

Air

Conditioning

Units

Swamp

Coolers Other

All Buildings* .................................. 64,783 56,940 11,035 9,041 12,558 2,853 11,636 29,969 1,561 1,232

Table B41. Cooling Equipment, Floorspace for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings*

Cooled 

Buildings

Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply)

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ...................................... 8,814 8,780 1,356 8,366 2,049 Q 1,992 3,446 Q Q

 Packaged Heat Pumps ................... 5,442 5,430 800 5,174 1,373 Q 1,310 2,526 Q Q

 Split-System Heat Pumps ............... 2,581 2,559 901 2,452 589 Q 592 783 Q Q

 Individual Room Heat Pumps .......... 2,691 2,691 478 2,610 963 Q 917 1,346 Q Q

Furnaces ........................................... 19,615 17,494 6,251 2,111 4,077 Q 1,352 9,995 718 Q

Individual Space Heaters .................. 12,545 11,526 2,933 1,774 4,558 Q 2,175 6,288 611 Q

District Heat ...................................... 5,166 4,376 Q 404 758 2,231 1,737 1,023 Q Q

Boilers .............................................. 20,423 19,051 3,352 2,919 5,926 391 7,857 9,946 620 596

Packaged Heating Units ................... 18,021 17,745 2,812 3,065 3,722 370 2,703 14,747 347 Q

Other ................................................ 3,262 2,961 495 381 579 Q 979 1,255 Q Q

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ............................... 11,035 11,035 11,035 1,319 2,195 Q 1,342 3,057 211 Q

Heat Pumps ...................................... 9,041 9,041 1,319 9,041 2,139 251 2,050 3,472 Q Q

 Packaged Heat Pumps ................... 5,426 5,426 772 5,426 1,301 Q 1,258 2,442 Q Q

 Split-System Heat Pumps ............... 2,606 2,606 914 2,606 632 Q 648 799 Q Q

 Individual Room Heat Pumps .......... 2,940 2,940 471 2,940 1,052 Q 1,018 1,456 Q Q

Individual Air Conditioners ................ 12,558 12,558 2,195 2,139 12,558 439 1,896 5,678 436 Q

District Chilled Water ........................ 2,853 2,853 Q 251 439 2,853 Q 511 Q Q

Central Chillers ................................. 11,636 11,636 1,342 2,050 1,896 Q 11,636 3,759 Q Q

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ................................................ 29,969 29,969 3,057 3,472 5,678 511 3,759 29,969 627 407

Swamp Coolers ................................ 1,561 1,561 211 Q 436 Q Q 627 1,561 Q

Other ................................................ 1,232 1,232 Q Q Q Q Q 407 Q 1,232

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1990 (more than one may apply)

Heating ............................................. 16,403 15,190 3,284 2,370 4,138 Q 2,388 8,431 488 Q

Cooling ............................................. 20,995 20,995 4,305 3,352 6,419 Q 4,495 10,995 716 Q

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent .................................... 38,528 36,075 7,231 6,153 9,229 1,768 9,518 18,592 1,019 798

Standard Fluorescent ........................ 59,688 55,117 10,670 8,862 12,036 2,784 11,452 29,192 1,528 1,199

Compact Fluorescent ........................ 27,571 26,790 4,684 5,151 6,158 1,909 9,374 13,867 622 781

High Intensity Discharge ................... 20,643 19,054 3,627 4,048 4,427 1,040 6,081 10,844 583 490

Halogen ............................................ 17,703 17,115 3,026 3,522 4,280 725 5,888 9,955 508 556

Other ................................................ 269 269 Q Q Q Q Q Q N N

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ............. 19,597 19,255 2,264 2,885 3,081 1,923 8,288 9,973 322 569

Economizer Cycle ............................. 21,108 21,108 2,559 3,708 3,267 1,930 8,488 12,414 528 438

HVAC Maintenance .......................... 51,163 47,935 8,670 7,946 9,884 2,795 11,430 26,294 1,323 1,167

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ................... 15,630 15,358 1,632 2,852 2,191 1,771 7,114 7,308 238 418

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
ResidentialType 

Central 

Air 

ConditionersHeat

Pumps

Individual

Air

Conditioners

District 

Chilled 

Water

Central 

Chillers

Packaged

Air

Conditioning

Units

Swamp

Coolers Other

All Buildings* .................................. 64,783 56,940 11,035 9,041 12,558 2,853 11,636 29,969 1,561 1,232

Table B41. Cooling Equipment, Floorspace for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings*

Cooled 

Buildings

Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply)

Equipment Usage Reduced

When Building Not In Full Use

(more than one may apply)

a

Heating ............................................. 42,722 39,864 7,513 6,400 8,005 1,924 8,425 21,316 1,062 739

Cooling ............................................. 43,205 43,205 8,376 6,789 8,952 2,264 8,619 22,962 1,148 748

Lighting ............................................. 46,987 42,589 8,500 6,285 8,293 1,976 6,814 22,584 1,111 790

Office Equipment .............................. 19,397 17,749 3,912 2,441 4,170 751 2,242 9,069 289 Q

Notes: ● HVAC = Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. ● Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 2003 Commercial Buildings Energy 

Consumption Survey. 

See "Guide to the Tables" or "Glossary" for further explanations of the terms used in this table. Both can be accessed from the CBECS web site - 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.

 * Figures in this table do not include enclosed malls and strip malls. Mall buildings add an estimated 213 thousand buildings comprising 6.9 billion 

square feet.

a

 The definition for one or more of these row items has changed and may not be directly comparable with past CBECS estimates. See "Guide to 

the Tables" for discussion of the differences.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Centralized

System

Distributed

System

Combination 

Centralized and

Distributed

Systems

Centralized

System

Distributed

System

Combination 

Centralized and

Distributed

Systems

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,472 2,513 785 175 64,783 56,478 34,671 11,540 10,267

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ................................... 2,552 1,715 1,267 418 Q 6,789 4,759 3,452 1,206 Q

5,001 to 10,000 ................................. 889 725 557 150 Q 6,585 5,348 4,154 1,057 Q

10,001 to 25,000 ............................... 738 607 429 133 44 11,535 9,562 6,649 2,205 708

25,001 to 50,000 ............................... 241 217 144 43 31 8,668 7,734 5,130 1,524 1,081

50,001 to 100,000 ............................. 129 119 70 27 22 9,057 8,412 5,020 1,853 1,538

100,001 to 200,000 ........................... 65 60 31 11 18 9,064 8,300 4,214 1,702 2,384

200,001 to 500,000 ........................... 25 23 13 3 7 7,176 6,680 3,584 900 2,196

Over 500,000 .................................... 7 6 3 1 2 5,908 5,683 2,469 1,093 2,121

Principal Building Activity

Education .......................................... 386 298 184 81 34 9,874 9,481 5,343 1,766 2,372

Food Sales ....................................... 226 186 148 Q Q 1,255 1,130 844 Q Q

Food Service ..................................... 297 297 237 46 Q 1,654 1,654 1,291 226 Q

Health Care ....................................... 129 127 103 14 9 3,163 3,160 2,001 247 912

 Inpatient .......................................... 8 8 4 Q 3 1,905 1,905 1,041 Q 755

 Outpatient ....................................... 121 119 100 Q Q 1,258 1,255 960 Q Q

Lodging ............................................. 142 142 110 16 16 5,096 5,096 3,660 302 1,135

Retail (Other Than Mall)..................... 443 314 227 77 Q 4,317 3,459 2,240 902 Q

Office ................................................ 824 733 533 166 34 12,208 11,804 6,899 2,237 2,667

Public Assembly ............................... 277 227 165 54 7 3,939 3,632 2,380 932 320

Public Order and Safety .................... 71 70 59 Q Q 1,090 957 663 Q Q

Religious Worship ............................. 370 315 221 78 16 3,754 3,512 2,352 835 325

Service .............................................. 622 418 281 126 Q 4,050 3,320 1,989 1,025 Q

Warehouse and Storage ................... 597 243 167 68 7 10,078 6,624 3,366 2,359 900

Other ................................................ 79 55 36 Q 6 1,738 1,630 908 Q 494

Vacant .............................................. 182 47 39 Q Q 2,567 1,020 734 Q Q

Year Constructed

Before 1920 ...................................... 330 266 193 65 8 3,769 3,353 2,102 810 442

1920 to 1945 ..................................... 527 367 255 89 23 6,871 5,292 3,251 1,130 912

1946 to 1959 ..................................... 562 416 302 93 20 7,045 5,924 3,536 1,282 1,106

1960 to 1969 ..................................... 579 444 317 106 21 8,101 7,202 4,446 1,604 1,152

1970 to 1979 ..................................... 731 582 446 109 27 10,772 9,787 6,608 1,383 1,796

1980 to 1989 ..................................... 707 531 389 120 22 10,332 9,420 5,489 1,883 2,048

1990 to 1999 ..................................... 876 642 446 155 41 12,360 10,816 6,203 2,677 1,937

2000 to 2003 ..................................... 334 224 165 48 12 5,533 4,683 3,037 771 875

Table B42. Water Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings and Floorspace for Non-Mall 

Buildings, 2003

Type of Water Heating 

Equipment

Type of Water Heating 

Equipment

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings*

Buildings 

with

Water 

Heating

All

Buildings*

Buildings

with 

Water 

Heating

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables
Centralized

System

Distributed

System

Combination 

Centralized and

Distributed

Systems

Centralized

System

Distributed

System

Combination 

Centralized and

Distributed

Systems

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,472 2,513 785 175 64,783 56,478 34,671 11,540 10,267

Table B42. Water Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings and Floorspace for Non-Mall 

Buildings, 2003

Type of Water Heating 

Equipment

Type of Water Heating 

Equipment

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings*

Buildings 

with

Water 

Heating

All

Buildings*

Buildings

with 

Water 

Heating

Census Region and Division

Northeast .......................................... 726 600 480 97 22 12,905 11,789 7,770 2,325 1,695

 New England .................................. 233 188 154 29 5 2,964 2,724 1,839 Q 375

 Middle Atlantic ................................ 493 411 326 68 18 9,941 9,065 5,930 1,815 1,319

Midwest ............................................ 1,266 987 698 241 48 17,080 14,928 9,724 2,670 2,534

 East North Central .......................... 696 572 389 159 25 11,595 10,208 6,695 1,750 1,763

 West North Central ......................... 571 415 310 82 23 5,485 4,720 3,029 920 771

South ................................................ 1,775 1,217 854 304 60 23,489 19,913 11,537 4,564 3,812

 South Atlantic ................................. 874 643 455 153 35 12,258 10,714 5,649 2,432 2,633

 East South Central .......................... 348 227 174 38 14 3,393 2,858 1,890 469 499

 West South Central ......................... 553 347 224 113 10 7,837 6,341 3,998 1,664 679

West ................................................. 878 668 480 143 45 11,310 9,848 5,640 1,981 2,227

 Mountain ......................................... 299 256 189 46 21 3,675 3,422 1,928 566 928

 Pacific ............................................. 580 413 291 97 24 7,635 6,426 3,712 1,415 1,299

Climate Zone: 30-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ..................... 855 683 543 107 34 10,622 9,474 6,315 1,468 1,691

 5,500-7,000 HDD ............................ 1,173 926 647 225 54 17,335 15,160 9,553 2,954 2,654

 4,000-5,499 HDD ............................ 673 554 405 121 28 11,504 10,785 6,774 2,015 1,996

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 1,276 883 635 208 40 15,739 13,192 7,444 3,009 2,739

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 669 426 284 125 18 9,584 7,867 4,585 2,094 1,187

Number of Floors

One ................................................... 3,136 2,134 1,542 511 81 25,981 20,164 13,206 4,825 2,134

Two ................................................... 1,031 899 645 210 44 16,270 14,914 8,809 3,882 2,224

Three ................................................ 339 304 228 52 24 7,501 6,915 4,353 1,268 1,294

Four to Nine ...................................... 128 124 92 11 21 10,085 9,688 5,826 1,111 2,751

Ten or More ...................................... 12 11 6 1 4 4,947 4,796 2,477 454 1,865

Number of Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ..................................... 2,653 1,653 1,204 420 29 15,492 9,525 6,885 2,417 224

5 to 9 ................................................ 778 675 509 137 29 6,166 5,393 4,019 1,095 279

10 to 19 ............................................. 563 514 390 103 21 7,803 7,182 5,224 1,391 567

20 to 49 ............................................. 398 384 265 78 41 10,989 10,480 6,210 2,827 1,442

50 to 99 ............................................. 147 142 89 29 24 7,934 7,688 4,468 1,408 1,812

100 to 249 ......................................... 77 75 43 14 18 6,871 6,815 3,679 1,090 2,046

250 or More ...................................... 30 30 13 3 13 9,528 9,395 4,186 1,312 3,897

Weekly Operating Hours

Fewer than 40 ................................... 1,002 580 421 148 11 6,863 4,305 2,952 1,144 209

40 to 48 ............................................. 1,117 856 583 247 26 11,622 9,989 5,995 2,945 1,050

49 to 60 ............................................. 1,062 845 585 200 60 15,723 13,564 7,404 3,538 2,622

61 to 84 ............................................. 591 506 397 80 29 10,334 9,477 6,321 1,416 1,740

85 to 167 ........................................... 400 330 259 52 19 7,092 6,635 4,288 1,173 1,174

Open Continuously ........................... 475 356 268 58 30 13,149 12,508 7,712 1,324 3,473

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Centralized

System

Distributed

System

Combination 

Centralized and

Distributed

Systems

Centralized

System

Distributed

System

Combination 

Centralized and

Distributed

Systems

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,472 2,513 785 175 64,783 56,478 34,671 11,540 10,267

Table B42. Water Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings and Floorspace for Non-Mall 

Buildings, 2003

Type of Water Heating 

Equipment

Type of Water Heating 

Equipment

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings*

Buildings 

with

Water 

Heating

All

Buildings*

Buildings

with 

Water 

Heating

Multibuilding Facility

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ............................................. 3,169 2,505 1,882 517 107 40,048 35,302 22,726 6,725 5,851

College or University ......................... 83 64 45 10 9 3,480 3,372 2,303 410 659

Primary or Secondary School ........... 254 169 92 58 18 3,947 3,607 1,898 1,001 707

Office Complex ................................. 111 101 67 23 11 2,712 2,541 1,177 554 809

Retail Complex ................................. 151 87 64 Q Q 1,238 855 483 Q Q

Religious Campus or Complex .......... 195 169 126 33 Q 2,347 2,206 1,562 406 Q

Health Care Complex ........................ 39 37 27 Q 6 2,303 2,294 1,252 Q 843

Lodging or Resort Complex .............. 61 60 50 Q Q 912 909 652 Q Q

Government Complex ....................... 87 60 40 17 Q 2,014 1,348 807 408 Q

Other ................................................ 496 222 119 96 6 5,783 4,044 1,810 1,526 708

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 4,404 3,470 2,511 785 175 63,307 56,463 34,656 11,540 10,267

Natural Gas ...................................... 2,391 2,126 1,560 438 128 43,468 41,134 25,353 7,559 8,222

Fuel Oil ............................................. 451 376 290 61 26 15,157 14,560 8,411 2,183 3,965

District Heat ...................................... 67 61 43 5 12 5,443 4,631 2,671 483 1,477

District Chilled Water ........................ 33 31 19 4 8 2,853 2,655 1,518 429 709

Propane ............................................ 502 428 321 86 20 7,076 6,292 3,626 1,413 1,253

Other ................................................ 132 95 67 25 Q 1,401 1,306 849 242 Q

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 1,910 1,910 1,265 550 94 27,490 27,490 14,245 7,842 5,404

Natural Gas ...................................... 1,445 1,445 1,103 240 102 28,820 28,820 17,917 4,435 6,468

Fuel Oil ............................................. 94 94 91 Q 2 1,880 1,880 1,591 Q 248

District Heat ...................................... 27 27 22 Q 3 3,088 3,088 2,073 Q 859

Propane ............................................ 128 128 98 Q Q 1,422 1,422 973 Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ............ 3,982 3,337 2,423 743 171 60,028 55,154 33,965 11,021 10,167

Buildings with Cooling ....................... 3,625 3,112 2,266 675 171 56,940 53,232 32,513 10,654 10,065

Buildings with Water Heating ............ 3,472 3,472 2,513 785 175 56,478 56,478 34,671 11,540 10,267

Buildings with Cooking ...................... 801 787 595 122 69 22,237 21,914 12,932 3,163 5,819

Buildings with Manufacturing ............ 119 102 63 27 12 3,138 2,987 1,053 1,065 869

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ....................................... 149 143 105 15 23 12,821 12,612 7,062 1,566 3,984

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Centralized

System

Distributed

System

Combination 

Centralized and

Distributed

Systems

Centralized

System

Distributed

System

Combination 

Centralized and

Distributed

Systems

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,472 2,513 785 175 64,783 56,478 34,671 11,540 10,267

Table B42. Water Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings and Floorspace for Non-Mall 

Buildings, 2003

Type of Water Heating 

Equipment

Type of Water Heating 

Equipment

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings*

Buildings 

with

Water 

Heating

All

Buildings*

Buildings

with 

Water 

Heating

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .......... 799 785 593 122 69 22,223 21,901 12,919 3,163 5,819

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ..................... 567 567 415 80 72 19,482 19,482 11,127 2,679 5,676

Separate Computer Area .................. 553 516 348 105 63 26,873 26,129 14,844 4,200 7,085

See "Guide to the Tables" or "Glossary" for further explanations of the terms used in this table. Both can be accessed from the CBECS web site - 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.

 * Figures in this table do not include enclosed malls and strip malls. Mall buildings add an estimated 213 thousand buildings comprising 6.9 billion 

square feet.

a

 The definition for one or more of these row items has changed and may not be directly comparable with past CBECS estimates. See "Guide to the 

Tables" for discussion of the differences.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Notes: ● HVAC = Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. ● Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 2003 Commercial Buildings Energy 

Consumption Survey. 

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Incandescent

Standard

Fluorescent

Compact 

Fluorescent

HighIntensity 

Discharge Halogen

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 4,248 2,184 3,943 941 455 565

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ................................... 2,552 2,261 1,070 2,068 382 101 205

5,001 to 10,000 ................................. 889 821 416 772 148 88 107

10,001 to 25,000 ............................... 738 716 412 665 189 105 123

25,001 to 50,000 ............................... 241 231 145 223 102 60 55

50,001 to 100,000 ............................. 129 126 75 123 60 51 37

100,001 to 200,000 ........................... 65 63 43 62 38 32 25

200,001 to 500,000 ........................... 25 24 17 24 16 13 10

Over 500,000 .................................... 7 6 5 6 5 4 4

Principal Building Activity

Education .......................................... 386 384 132 368 97 59 39

Food Sales ....................................... 226 221 78 217 35 Q Q

Food Service ..................................... 297 296 203 282 105 20 65

Health Care ....................................... 129 129 82 129 43 10 19

 Inpatient .......................................... 8 8 7 8 7 4 4

 Outpatient ....................................... 121 121 75 121 37 6 15

Lodging ............................................. 142 142 117 121 68 17 33

Retail (Other Than Mall)..................... 443 442 191 427 67 35 60

Office ................................................ 824 824 426 791 212 63 96

Public Assembly ............................... 277 264 170 243 59 39 37

Public Order and Safety .................... 71 68 47 66 22 Q Q

Religious Worship ............................. 370 370 289 327 87 17 58

Service .............................................. 622 582 231 536 69 86 51

Warehouse and Storage ................... 597 414 156 342 55 74 59

Other ................................................ 79 73 38 65 17 10 11

Vacant .............................................. 182 38 23 28 Q Q Q

Year Constructed

Before 1920 ...................................... 330 303 229 272 75 17 55

1920 to 1945 ..................................... 527 476 276 447 113 34 48

1946 to 1959 ..................................... 562 517 294 491 110 55 62

1960 to 1969 ..................................... 579 553 295 517 111 45 51

1970 to 1979 ..................................... 731 688 362 651 151 81 83

1980 to 1989 ..................................... 707 652 294 598 136 65 76

1990 to 1999 ..................................... 876 781 327 726 177 116 128

2000 to 2003 ..................................... 334 278 109 242 69 42 63

Census Region and Division

Northeast .......................................... 726 690 375 646 172 70 90

 New England .................................. 233 223 135 200 71 18 32

 Middle Atlantic ................................ 493 467 240 446 101 52 58

Midwest ............................................ 1,266 1,137 722 1,054 257 161 154

 East North Central .......................... 696 641 380 603 150 103 98

 West North Central ......................... 571 495 342 451 106 58 56

South ................................................ 1,775 1,584 707 1,447 275 147 209

 South Atlantic ................................. 874 811 330 740 136 82 119

 East South Central .......................... 348 287 144 273 53 20 22

 West South Central ......................... 553 485 232 435 86 44 69

West ................................................. 878 838 381 796 238 77 113

 Mountain ......................................... 299 280 165 275 68 23 29

 Pacific ............................................. 580 558 216 522 170 54 83

Table B43. Lighting Equipment, Number of Buildings for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Lighting Equipment Types 

(more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings*

Lit

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables
Incandescent

Standard

Fluorescent

Compact 

Fluorescent

HighIntensity 

Discharge Halogen

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 4,248 2,184 3,943 941 455 565

Table B43. Lighting Equipment, Number of Buildings for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Lighting Equipment Types 

(more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings*

Lit

Buildings

Climate Zone: 30-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ..................... 855 765 491 710 215 115 118

 5,500-7,000 HDD ............................ 1,173 1,096 621 1,023 232 124 133

 4,000-5,499 HDD ............................ 673 630 381 591 152 75 88

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 1,276 1,155 431 1,074 239 88 141

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 669 601 259 546 103 53 85

Number of Floors

One ................................................... 3,136 2,793 1,191 2,583 456 260 278

Two ................................................... 1,031 991 628 916 295 116 186

Three ................................................ 339 326 254 310 108 41 53

Four to Nine ...................................... 128 127 102 122 71 32 42

Ten or More ...................................... 12 12 10 11 10 6 7

Number of Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ..................................... 2,653 2,261 1,114 2,028 322 140 196

5 to 9 ................................................ 778 774 395 734 182 77 104

10 to 19 ............................................. 563 562 266 546 149 63 90

20 to 49 ............................................. 398 397 245 387 156 90 100

50 to 99 ............................................. 147 147 87 144 65 41 36

100 to 249 ......................................... 77 77 55 75 44 28 25

250 or More ...................................... 30 30 22 29 22 15 15

Weekly Operating Hours

Fewer than 40 ................................... 1,002 756 409 673 103 48 66

40 to 48 ............................................. 1,117 1,095 509 1,032 217 91 106

49 to 60 ............................................. 1,062 1,047 500 990 236 116 155

61 to 84 ............................................. 591 580 314 557 141 92 103

85 to 167 ........................................... 400 370 192 353 106 58 63

Open Continuously ........................... 475 399 261 338 137 50 73

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ............................ 157 24 Q 18 Q Q Q

Mostly Vacant ................................... 25 Q Q Q Q Q Q

Partially Vacant ................................. 548 479 259 431 124 54 67

Not At All Vacant .............................. 3,915 3,731 1,903 3,484 813 394 492

Multibuilding Facility

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ............................................. 3,169 2,963 1,566 2,805 648 297 405

College or University ......................... 83 83 40 78 45 12 10

Primary or Secondary School ........... 254 251 64 234 47 33 14

Office Complex ................................. 111 109 66 103 27 13 14

Retail Complex ................................. 151 131 52 116 Q 16 28

Religious Campus or Complex .......... 195 192 126 167 51 11 33

Health Care Complex ........................ 39 39 28 39 15 6 7

Lodging or Resort Complex .............. 61 58 45 48 21 Q 7

Government Complex ....................... 87 78 42 72 24 8 Q

Other ................................................ 496 346 155 282 53 57 43

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Incandescent

Standard

Fluorescent

Compact 

Fluorescent

HighIntensity 

Discharge Halogen

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 4,248 2,184 3,943 941 455 565

Table B43. Lighting Equipment, Number of Buildings for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Lighting Equipment Types 

(more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings*

Lit

Buildings

Renovations in Buildings

Constructed Before 1980

(more than one may apply)

Any Type of Renovation

 Since 1980 ....................................... 1,018 988 616 928 260 116 163

 Addition or Annex ........................... 256 255 170 245 67 45 65

 Reduction In Floorspace ................ 22 22 16 22 9 9 8

 Cosmetic Improvements ................ 741 723 476 675 206 80 125

 Wall or Roof Replacement ............. 370 357 239 327 121 56 62

 Interior Wall

 Re-Configuration ........................... 411 400 273 375 135 57 89

 HVAC Equipment Upgrade ............ 442 432 299 414 156 85 101

 Lighting Upgrade ............................ 455 444 303 414 157 73 89

 Window Replacement .................... 310 297 196 282 113 55 57

 Plumbing System Upgrade ............ 315 309 200 291 113 54 62

 Insulation Upgrade ......................... 227 218 143 201 74 33 33

 Other Renovation ........................... 19 19 13 18 10 Q Q

No Renovations Since 1980 .............. 1,710 1,549 839 1,449 300 117 136

Building Newer than 1980 ................. 1,917 1,711 729 1,566 381 222 267

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 4,404 4,248 2,184 3,943 941 455 565

Natural Gas ...................................... 2,391 2,353 1,332 2,244 640 334 369

Fuel Oil ............................................. 451 442 272 422 113 66 80

District Heat ...................................... 67 66 41 61 37 18 12

District Chilled Water ........................ 33 33 17 29 17 10 4

Propane ............................................ 502 492 291 460 107 57 67

Other ................................................ 132 120 52 118 36 19 14

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ............ 3,982 3,896 2,055 3,671 900 431 525

Buildings with Cooling ....................... 3,625 3,584 1,875 3,408 864 400 504

Buildings with Water Heating ............ 3,472 3,423 1,886 3,242 864 415 505

Buildings with Cooking ...................... 801 799 534 769 294 116 166

Buildings with Manufacturing ............ 119 118 58 112 32 32 21

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ....................................... 149 149 103 147 81 46 51

Percent Lit When Open

Zero .................................................. 47 Q Q Q Q Q Q

1 to 50 .............................................. 929 929 506 814 202 61 99

51 to 99 ............................................. 1,108 1,108 673 1,053 290 147 174

100 ................................................... 2,176 2,176 990 2,048 445 238 286

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used ......................... 386 34 Q 28 Q Q Q

Percent Lit When Closed

Zero .................................................. 1,964 1,831 871 1,677 294 137 209

1 to 50 .............................................. 1,882 1,882 1,000 1,800 474 246 259

51 to 100 ........................................... 136 136 53 129 36 22 25

Building Never Closed/

 Electricity Not Used ......................... 664 399 261 338 137 50 73

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Incandescent

Standard

Fluorescent

Compact 

Fluorescent

HighIntensity 

Discharge Halogen

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 4,248 2,184 3,943 941 455 565

Table B43. Lighting Equipment, Number of Buildings for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Lighting Equipment Types 

(more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings*

Lit

Buildings

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent .................................... 2,184 2,184 2,184 1,984 592 258 373

Standard Fluorescent ........................ 3,943 3,943 1,984 3,943 882 416 493

Compact Fluorescent ........................ 941 941 592 882 941 185 248

High Intensity Discharge ................... 455 455 258 416 185 455 147

Halogen ............................................ 565 565 373 493 248 147 565

Other ................................................ 8 8 Q Q Q Q Q

Window and Interior Lighting

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ......................... 2,201 2,138 1,179 2,049 588 291 365

Tinted Window Glass ........................ 1,323 1,301 663 1,246 353 182 212

Reflective Window Glass .................. 308 300 164 288 105 55 52

External Overhangs

 or Awnings ....................................... 1,233 1,198 640 1,167 319 156 188

Skylights or Atriums .......................... 331 323 199 305 122 81 95

Daylighting Sensors .......................... 74 74 43 74 30 16 19

Specular Reflectors .......................... 928 928 526 928 306 181 173

Electronic Ballasts ............................ 2,577 2,577 1,318 2,555 685 344 376

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS)

 For Lighting ...................................... 60 60 24 57 27 14 12

Equipment Usage Reduced

When Building Not In Full Use

(more than one may apply)

a

Heating ............................................. 2,878 2,825 1,515 2,661 686 310 384

Cooling ............................................. 2,761 2,731 1,432 2,591 668 311 393

Lighting ............................................. 3,685 3,685 1,858 3,459 769 380 470

Office Equipment .............................. 1,504 1,500 709 1,443 346 154 194

Notes: ● HVAC = Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. ● Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 2003 Commercial Buildings

Energy Consumption Survey.

See "Guide to the Tables" or "Glossary" for further explanations of the terms used in this table. Both can be accessed from the CBECS 

web site - http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.

 * Figures in this table do not include enclosed malls and strip malls. Mall buildings add an estimated 213 thousand buildings 

comprising 6.9 billion square feet.

a The definition for one or more of these row items has changed and may not be directly comparable with past CBECS estimates. See

"Guide to the Tables" for discussion of the differences.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Incandescent

Standard

Fluorescent

Compact 

Fluorescent

HighIntensity 

Discharge Halogen

All Buildings* .................................. 64,783 62,060 38,528 59,688 27,571 20,643 17,703

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ................................... 6,789 6,038 2,918 5,579 1,123 312 604

5,001 to 10,000 ................................. 6,585 6,090 3,061 5,726 1,109 686 781

10,001 to 25,000 ............................... 11,535 11,229 6,424 10,458 2,944 1,721 1,973

25,001 to 50,000 ............................... 8,668 8,297 5,176 8,001 3,662 2,191 2,013

50,001 to 100,000 ............................. 9,057 8,912 5,296 8,667 4,330 3,646 2,599

100,001 to 200,000 ........................... 9,064 8,732 6,042 8,612 5,268 4,349 3,473

200,001 to 500,000 ........................... 7,176 6,946 4,913 6,839 4,610 3,918 2,775

Over 500,000 .................................... 5,908 5,816 4,698 5,806 4,526 3,819 3,485

Principal Building Activity

Education .......................................... 9,874 9,870 6,095 9,633 4,727 4,178 2,231

Food Sales ....................................... 1,255 1,237 550 1,192 304 Q Q

Food Service ..................................... 1,654 1,650 1,296 1,602 717 246 510

Health Care ....................................... 3,163 3,163 2,555 3,142 2,305 1,324 1,433

 Inpatient .......................................... 1,905 1,905 1,715 1,886 1,689 1,115 1,166

 Outpatient ....................................... 1,258 1,258 840 1,255 616 209 267

Lodging ............................................. 5,096 5,096 4,581 4,842 3,674 1,498 2,266

Retail (Other Than Mall)..................... 4,317 4,315 1,991 4,041 1,173 943 828

Office ................................................ 12,208 12,208 8,480 12,004 7,357 4,054 4,201

Public Assembly ............................... 3,939 3,917 2,621 3,748 1,726 1,293 1,393

Public Order and Safety .................... 1,090 1,074 684 1,048 495 Q Q

Religious Worship ............................. 3,754 3,754 3,060 3,567 1,284 421 959

Service .............................................. 4,050 3,911 1,654 3,793 720 1,312 758

Warehouse and Storage ................... 10,078 9,125 3,362 8,489 1,853 3,939 2,186

Other ................................................ 1,738 1,721 1,066 1,677 972 713 425

Vacant .............................................. 2,567 1,020 533 909 Q Q Q

Year Constructed

Before 1920 ...................................... 3,769 3,554 2,663 3,430 1,300 536 881

1920 to 1945 ..................................... 6,871 6,367 4,107 6,078 2,827 2,351 1,225

1946 to 1959 ..................................... 7,045 6,727 4,324 6,488 2,461 2,105 1,973

1960 to 1969 ..................................... 8,101 7,972 4,866 7,739 3,605 2,284 1,798

1970 to 1979 ..................................... 10,772 10,381 7,003 10,048 4,613 3,530 2,921

1980 to 1989 ..................................... 10,332 10,087 6,213 9,743 5,286 3,417 3,384

1990 to 1999 ..................................... 12,360 11,828 6,466 11,358 4,899 4,419 3,352

2000 to 2003 ..................................... 5,533 5,144 2,885 4,803 2,581 2,002 2,169

Census Region and Division

Northeast .......................................... 12,905 12,559 8,102 12,159 6,091 4,379 3,581

 New England .................................. 2,964 2,873 1,996 2,724 1,474 1,021 769

 Middle Atlantic ................................ 9,941 9,687 6,105 9,435 4,616 3,358 2,812

Midwest ............................................ 17,080 16,246 10,973 15,708 6,828 6,620 4,661

 East North Central .......................... 11,595 11,046 7,211 10,701 4,845 5,104 3,259

 West North Central ......................... 5,485 5,200 3,762 5,006 1,983 1,515 1,402

South ................................................ 23,489 22,325 13,045 21,222 8,881 6,229 6,193

 South Atlantic ................................. 12,258 11,856 7,028 11,245 4,856 4,053 3,474

 East South Central .......................... 3,393 3,148 1,984 3,022 1,262 706 620

 West South Central ......................... 7,837 7,322 4,033 6,955 2,764 1,470 2,099

West ................................................. 11,310 10,930 6,408 10,599 5,772 3,416 3,268

 Mountain ......................................... 3,675 3,618 2,443 3,534 1,748 977 993

 Pacific ............................................. 7,635 7,312 3,965 7,066 4,024 2,438 2,275

Table B44. Lighting Equipment, Floorspace for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings*

Lit

Buildings

Lighting Equipment Types 

(more than one may apply)

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables
Incandescent

Standard

Fluorescent

Compact 

Fluorescent

HighIntensity 

Discharge Halogen

All Buildings* .................................. 64,783 62,060 38,528 59,688 27,571 20,643 17,703

Table B44. Lighting Equipment, Floorspace for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings*

Lit

Buildings

Lighting Equipment Types 

(more than one may apply)

Climate Zone: 30-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ..................... 10,622 10,108 7,016 9,783 4,667 3,955 2,762

 5,500-7,000 HDD ............................ 17,335 16,676 10,308 16,090 6,835 6,149 4,485

 4,000-5,499 HDD ............................ 11,504 11,228 8,192 10,871 6,292 4,385 3,903

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 15,739 14,947 7,939 14,316 6,439 3,863 4,117

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 9,584 9,102 5,073 8,627 3,339 2,292 2,435

Number of Floors

One ................................................... 25,981 24,288 10,640 22,875 5,431 6,176 3,811

Two ................................................... 16,270 15,752 9,812 15,172 6,571 4,893 4,590

Three ................................................ 7,501 7,242 5,620 7,057 3,914 2,582 2,026

Four to Nine ...................................... 10,085 9,831 8,192 9,691 7,324 4,088 4,145

Ten or More ...................................... 4,947 4,947 4,264 4,893 4,332 2,904 3,131

Number of Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ..................................... 15,492 12,835 6,370 11,501 2,142 1,930 1,270

5 to 9 ................................................ 6,166 6,143 3,436 5,943 1,516 977 1,141

10 to 19 ............................................. 7,803 7,791 4,363 7,615 2,744 1,651 1,473

20 to 49 ............................................. 10,989 10,959 6,456 10,688 4,604 3,505 3,303

50 to 99 ............................................. 7,934 7,934 5,336 7,790 4,337 3,364 2,439

100 to 249 ......................................... 6,871 6,871 4,776 6,693 4,304 3,508 2,720

250 or More ...................................... 9,528 9,528 7,791 9,457 7,923 5,708 5,358

Weekly Operating Hours

Fewer than 40 ................................... 6,863 4,922 2,708 4,588 857 852 581

40 to 48 ............................................. 11,622 11,515 6,162 11,067 3,496 2,644 2,181

49 to 60 ............................................. 15,723 15,625 9,130 15,123 6,391 4,770 3,930

61 to 84 ............................................. 10,334 10,312 6,234 10,063 4,567 4,015 3,155

85 to 167 ........................................... 7,092 6,906 4,153 6,654 3,304 3,256 2,122

Open Continuously ........................... 13,149 12,781 10,142 12,192 8,957 5,105 5,733

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ............................ 2,161 676 Q 610 Q Q Q

Mostly Vacant ................................... 406 Q Q Q Q Q Q

Partially Vacant ................................. 12,382 12,062 8,638 11,663 7,412 4,627 4,621

Not At All Vacant .............................. 49,834 48,978 29,357 47,116 19,896 15,695 13,028

Multibuilding Facility

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ............................................. 40,048 38,514 23,775 37,281 15,624 12,243 11,311

College or University ......................... 3,480 3,478 2,354 3,437 2,494 1,100 804

Primary or Secondary School ........... 3,947 3,938 1,938 3,714 1,516 1,380 708

Office Complex ................................. 2,712 2,548 1,749 2,540 1,638 1,019 1,073

Retail Complex ................................. 1,238 1,166 491 1,043 Q 249 259

Religious Campus or Complex .......... 2,347 2,314 1,769 2,150 1,132 247 506

Health Care Complex ........................ 2,303 2,301 2,047 2,283 1,777 1,073 1,195

Lodging or Resort Complex .............. 912 904 838 809 620 Q 463

Government Complex ....................... 2,014 1,995 882 1,976 921 949 Q

Other ................................................ 5,783 4,903 2,685 4,456 1,588 2,099 1,129

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Incandescent

Standard

Fluorescent

Compact 

Fluorescent

HighIntensity 

Discharge Halogen

All Buildings* .................................. 64,783 62,060 38,528 59,688 27,571 20,643 17,703

Table B44. Lighting Equipment, Floorspace for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings*

Lit

Buildings

Lighting Equipment Types 

(more than one may apply)

Renovations in Buildings

Constructed Before 1980

(more than one may apply)

Any Type of Renovation

 Since 1980 ....................................... 17,844 17,473 12,502 17,033 8,464 6,882 6,132

 Addition or Annex ........................... 6,551 6,543 5,029 6,412 3,236 2,993 3,019

 Reduction In Floorspace ................ 1,012 1,012 769 1,012 683 509 513

 Cosmetic Improvements ................ 13,119 12,905 9,432 12,555 6,652 4,770 4,869

 Wall or Roof Replacement ............. 8,070 7,978 5,927 7,799 4,505 3,522 3,286

 Interior Wall

 Re-Configuration ........................... 8,518 8,434 6,452 8,246 4,937 3,776 3,891

 HVAC Equipment Upgrade ............ 10,768 10,742 7,951 10,606 6,330 4,967 4,357

 Lighting Upgrade ............................ 10,275 10,232 7,312 9,999 5,858 4,481 4,096

 Window Replacement .................... 6,354 6,207 4,575 6,124 3,462 2,758 2,719

 Plumbing System Upgrade ............ 7,144 7,118 5,225 6,996 4,311 3,149 3,097

 Insulation Upgrade ......................... 4,015 3,988 2,626 3,916 2,229 1,799 1,240

 Other Renovation ........................... 523 523 427 500 321 Q Q

No Renovations Since 1980 .............. 18,714 17,529 10,462 16,750 6,341 3,923 2,665

Building Newer than 1980 ................. 28,225 27,058 15,564 25,904 12,766 9,837 8,906

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 63,307 62,060 38,528 59,688 27,571 20,643 17,703

Natural Gas ...................................... 43,468 42,950 28,624 41,843 21,209 15,922 13,645

Fuel Oil ............................................. 15,157 15,037 11,635 14,904 10,201 7,314 6,893

District Heat ...................................... 5,443 5,319 3,617 5,239 3,663 2,665 1,857

District Chilled Water ........................ 2,853 2,819 1,768 2,784 1,909 1,040 725

Propane ............................................ 7,076 6,990 4,170 6,821 2,999 3,170 2,015

Other ................................................ 1,401 1,370 902 1,365 672 525 480

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ............ 60,028 59,215 37,220 57,351 26,835 20,093 17,042

Buildings with Cooling ....................... 56,940 56,661 36,075 55,117 26,790 19,054 17,115

Buildings with Water Heating ............ 56,478 56,011 36,622 54,438 26,878 19,191 16,887

Buildings with Cooking ...................... 22,237 22,166 17,258 21,686 14,174 9,621 9,083

Buildings with Manufacturing ............ 3,138 3,097 1,877 3,028 1,297 1,682 925

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ....................................... 12,821 12,745 9,976 12,665 10,041 6,861 6,448

Percent Lit When Open

Zero .................................................. 293 Q Q Q Q Q Q

1 to 50 .............................................. 10,203 10,203 6,483 9,412 3,456 1,947 2,425

51 to 99 ............................................. 18,288 18,288 12,947 17,816 9,855 7,153 6,112

100 ................................................... 32,789 32,789 18,667 31,745 14,115 11,234 9,110

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used ......................... 3,210 754 Q 688 Q Q Q

Percent Lit When Closed

Zero .................................................. 17,385 16,238 7,932 15,284 3,944 3,946 3,202

1 to 50 .............................................. 30,948 30,948 19,169 30,185 13,696 10,741 8,126

51 to 100 ........................................... 2,093 2,093 1,285 2,027 975 850 642

Building Never Closed/

 Electricity Not Used ......................... 14,357 12,781 10,142 12,192 8,957 5,105 5,733

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Incandescent

Standard

Fluorescent

Compact 

Fluorescent

HighIntensity 

Discharge Halogen

All Buildings* .................................. 64,783 62,060 38,528 59,688 27,571 20,643 17,703

Table B44. Lighting Equipment, Floorspace for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings*

Lit

Buildings

Lighting Equipment Types 

(more than one may apply)

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent .................................... 38,528 38,528 38,528 37,239 21,329 14,648 14,163

Standard Fluorescent ........................ 59,688 59,688 37,239 59,688 26,861 20,142 17,120

Compact Fluorescent ........................ 27,571 27,571 21,329 26,861 27,571 12,576 11,937

High Intensity Discharge ................... 20,643 20,643 14,648 20,142 12,576 20,643 9,747

Halogen ............................................ 17,703 17,703 14,163 17,120 11,937 9,747 17,703

Other ................................................ 269 269 Q Q Q Q Q

Window and Interior Lighting

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ......................... 38,910 38,424 25,727 37,660 20,119 14,503 13,124

Tinted Window Glass ........................ 29,887 29,365 18,489 28,746 15,891 11,918 10,155

Reflective Window Glass .................. 8,544 8,425 6,287 8,268 5,773 4,227 3,826

External Overhangs

 or Awnings ....................................... 17,242 17,087 11,255 16,708 8,357 6,023 5,334

Skylights or Atriums .......................... 12,546 12,486 9,279 12,237 8,220 6,289 5,355

Daylighting Sensors .......................... 2,868 2,868 2,294 2,866 2,241 1,703 1,496

Specular Reflectors .......................... 26,118 26,118 18,183 26,118 15,591 12,104 9,930

Electronic Ballasts ............................ 46,882 46,882 30,132 46,583 24,070 17,727 14,691

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS)

 For Lighting ...................................... 4,781 4,781 3,410 4,660 3,520 2,482 2,107

Equipment Usage Reduced

When Building Not In Full Use

(more than one may apply)

a

Heating ............................................. 42,722 42,305 26,468 41,078 19,895 14,125 12,169

Cooling ............................................. 43,205 42,977 27,055 41,816 20,272 14,612 12,630

Lighting ............................................. 46,987 46,987 27,178 45,368 17,968 14,743 11,455

Office Equipment .............................. 19,397 19,349 10,095 18,742 6,533 5,154 4,089

Notes: ● HVAC = Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. ● Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 2003 Commercial Buildings

Energy Consumption Survey.

See "Guide to the Tables" or "Glossary" for further explanations of the terms used in this table. Both can be accessed from the CBECS 

web site - http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.

 * Figures in this table do not include enclosed malls and strip malls. Mall buildings add an estimated 213 thousand buildings comprising 

6.9 billion square feet.

a The definition for one or more of these row items has changed and may not be directly comparable with past CBECS estimates. See

"Guide to the Tables" for discussion of the differences.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Any

Walk-In

Units

Open

Cases

or

Cabinets

Closed

Cases

or

Cabinets

ResidentialType 

Units

Vending 

Machines

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,176 1,007 666 308 696 2,370 996

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ................................... 2,552 1,591 486 332 142 353 1,159 268

5,001 to 10,000 ................................. 889 642 188 124 65 117 494 181

10,001 to 25,000 ............................... 738 548 138 75 40 103 427 250

25,001 to 50,000 ............................... 241 196 78 44 19 53 148 134

50,001 to 100,000 ............................. 129 114 60 44 19 34 81 89

100,001 to 200,000 ........................... 65 58 36 29 13 23 41 48

200,001 to 500,000 ........................... 25 21 16 14 7 9 16 19

Over 500,000 .................................... 7 6 5 5 3 3 4 6

Principal Building Activity

Education .......................................... 386 254 93 59 31 54 203 113

Food Sales ....................................... 226 212 205 167 93 159 48 56

Food Service ..................................... 297 296 283 239 90 219 118 53

Health Care ....................................... 129 116 23 14 7 11 110 25

 Inpatient .......................................... 8 8 8 7 4 5 7 7

 Outpatient ....................................... 121 108 15 Q Q 6 103 18

Lodging ............................................. 142 126 42 26 6 29 107 75

Retail (Other Than Mall)..................... 443 319 98 47 25 65 215 95

Office ................................................ 824 643 53 17 22 25 577 194

Public Assembly ............................... 277 210 74 40 9 51 152 55

Public Order and Safety .................... 71 67 13 Q Q Q 56 38

Religious Worship ............................. 370 271 41 Q Q 31 255 31

Service .............................................. 622 362 Q Q Q Q 298 145

Warehouse and Storage ................... 597 225 47 34 Q 15 173 93

Other ................................................ 79 51 14 10 Q 12 41 19

Vacant .............................................. 182 24 Q Q Q Q Q Q

Year Constructed

Before 1920 ...................................... 330 243 77 52 23 61 201 40

1920 to 1945 ..................................... 527 342 111 61 33 81 256 93

1946 to 1959 ..................................... 562 401 140 71 35 97 308 114

1960 to 1969 ..................................... 579 396 112 78 37 81 300 156

1970 to 1979 ..................................... 731 511 155 109 39 101 379 175

1980 to 1989 ..................................... 707 487 145 109 46 97 365 148

1990 to 1999 ..................................... 876 598 189 129 64 129 428 205

2000 to 2003 ..................................... 334 199 78 58 30 49 134 65

Census Region and Division

Northeast .......................................... 726 518 177 119 48 127 398 156

 New England .................................. 233 164 58 44 19 42 136 51

 Middle Atlantic ................................ 493 355 119 75 29 85 262 104

Midwest ............................................ 1,266 872 287 182 75 210 660 267

 East North Central .......................... 696 496 189 121 48 135 353 155

 West North Central ......................... 571 377 98 62 27 75 307 112

South ................................................ 1,775 1,203 367 244 132 252 860 397

 South Atlantic ................................. 874 607 191 127 75 130 419 194

 East South Central .......................... 348 238 63 40 18 43 175 90

 West South Central ......................... 553 358 113 76 39 78 266 113

West ................................................. 878 583 176 122 53 107 452 176

 Mountain ......................................... 299 202 54 39 14 30 166 75

 Pacific ............................................. 580 381 122 83 39 76 287 101

Type of Equipment (more than one may apply)

All 

Buildings*

Buildings 

with 

Any 

Refrigeration 

Equipment

Table B45. Refrigeration Equipment, Number of Buildings for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Commercial Refrigeration Other Refrigeration 

Number of Buildings (thousand)

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables
Any

Walk-In

Units

Open

Cases

or

Cabinets

Closed

Cases

or

Cabinets

ResidentialType 

Units

Vending 

Machines

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,176 1,007 666 308 696 2,370 996

Type of Equipment (more than one may apply)

All 

Buildings*

Buildings 

with 

Any 

Refrigeration 

Equipment

Table B45. Refrigeration Equipment, Number of Buildings for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Commercial Refrigeration Other Refrigeration 

Number of Buildings (thousand)

Climate Zone: 30-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ..................... 855 591 184 130 50 137 470 184

 5,500-7,000 HDD ............................ 1,173 801 278 189 78 185 597 252

 4,000-5,499 HDD ............................ 673 502 151 92 43 105 374 167

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 1,276 832 254 157 84 170 593 245

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 669 451 141 98 53 98 336 148

Number of Floors

One ................................................... 3,136 1,992 626 440 201 426 1,446 553

Two ................................................... 1,031 787 232 140 66 158 612 276

Three ................................................ 339 276 92 49 26 72 220 97

Four to Nine ...................................... 128 110 50 33 12 34 85 61

Ten or More ...................................... 12 11 7 5 4 5 7 9

Number of Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ..................................... 2,653 1,494 438 248 111 313 1,123 272

5 to 9 ................................................ 778 629 179 126 52 134 471 176

10 to 19 ............................................. 563 474 146 108 51 93 357 165

20 to 49 ............................................. 398 346 126 90 41 86 255 194

50 to 99 ............................................. 147 132 62 49 25 36 93 103

100 to 249 ......................................... 77 73 39 32 21 23 50 61

250 or More ...................................... 30 28 17 13 8 11 20 25

Weekly Operating Hours

Fewer than 40 ................................... 1,002 483 88 40 20 54 421 54

40 to 48 ............................................. 1,117 771 105 53 31 66 663 211

49 to 60 ............................................. 1,062 782 168 100 40 105 626 259

61 to 84 ............................................. 591 490 235 142 72 174 316 198

85 to 167 ........................................... 400 336 263 229 95 190 127 117

Open Continuously ........................... 475 314 146 104 50 107 216 157

Multibuilding Facility

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ............................................. 3,169 2,372 819 553 256 576 1,702 675

College or University ......................... 83 59 15 11 3 10 40 42

Primary or Secondary School ........... 254 119 46 37 11 27 88 54

Office Complex ................................. 111 77 15 6 10 5 61 28

Retail Complex ................................. 151 83 25 Q Q 18 66 45

Religious Campus or Complex .......... 195 131 25 Q Q 18 124 19

Health Care Complex ........................ 39 32 11 8 3 8 31 18

Lodging or Resort Complex .............. 61 52 14 Q Q 13 37 21

Government Complex ....................... 87 53 8 Q Q Q 44 27

Other ................................................ 496 200 30 17 Q 15 177 68

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Any

Walk-In

Units

Open

Cases

or

Cabinets

Closed

Cases

or

Cabinets

ResidentialType 

Units

Vending 

Machines

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,176 1,007 666 308 696 2,370 996

Type of Equipment (more than one may apply)

All 

Buildings*

Buildings 

with 

Any 

Refrigeration 

Equipment

Table B45. Refrigeration Equipment, Number of Buildings for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Commercial Refrigeration Other Refrigeration 

Number of Buildings (thousand)

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 4,404 3,176 1,007 666 308 696 2,370 996

Natural Gas ...................................... 2,391 1,892 666 450 190 473 1,375 656

Fuel Oil ............................................. 451 361 121 80 35 83 294 134

District Heat ...................................... 67 51 13 9 5 10 36 36

District Chilled Water ........................ 33 25 8 6 3 6 17 19

Propane ............................................ 502 396 149 97 44 104 307 135

Other ................................................ 132 93 16 10 5 12 82 34

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ............ 3,982 3,014 934 619 287 645 2,278 953

Buildings with Cooling ....................... 3,625 2,848 943 631 286 655 2,106 915

Buildings with Water Heating ............ 3,472 2,828 947 632 285 653 2,113 895

Buildings with Cooking ...................... 801 797 590 454 181 431 479 256

Buildings with Manufacturing ............ 119 96 20 17 Q 11 82 42

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ....................................... 149 136 67 51 27 41 109 100

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .......... 799 797 590 454 181 431 479 256

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ..................... 567 527 330 249 107 231 329 237

Separate Computer Area .................. 553 470 165 115 58 102 372 283

Notes: ● HVAC = Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. ● Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 2003 Commercial Buildings

Energy Consumption Survey. 

See "Guide to the Tables" or "Glossary" for further explanations of the terms used in this table. Both can be accessed from the CBECS web 

site - http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.

 * Figures in this table do not include enclosed malls and strip malls. Mall buildings add an estimated 213 thousand buildings comprising 6.9 

billion square feet.

See "Guide to the Tables" for discussion of the differences.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Any

Walk-In

Units

Open

Cases

or

Cabinets

Closed

Cases

or

Cabinets

ResidentialType 

Units

Vending 

Machines

All Buildings* .................................. 64,783 52,974 26,768 20,254 10,425 17,218 38,884 35,335

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ................................... 6,789 4,333 1,310 916 366 935 3,174 830

5,001 to 10,000 ................................. 6,585 4,738 1,406 909 497 894 3,609 1,407

10,001 to 25,000 ............................... 11,535 8,646 2,230 1,188 614 1,665 6,725 4,072

25,001 to 50,000 ............................... 8,668 7,068 2,829 1,626 676 1,933 5,289 4,910

50,001 to 100,000 ............................. 9,057 8,038 4,291 3,124 1,354 2,438 5,760 6,342

100,001 to 200,000 ........................... 9,064 8,096 5,116 4,148 1,926 3,302 5,667 6,578

200,001 to 500,000 ........................... 7,176 6,238 4,606 4,199 2,034 2,685 4,524 5,691

Over 500,000 .................................... 5,908 5,816 4,979 4,146 2,958 3,366 4,136 5,506

Principal Building Activity

Education .......................................... 9,874 9,066 6,485 5,157 2,634 3,470 6,460 7,127

Food Sales ....................................... 1,255 1,210 1,177 1,069 804 902 306 551

Food Service ..................................... 1,654 1,651 1,616 1,495 491 1,234 605 426

Health Care ....................................... 3,163 3,013 2,131 1,942 1,244 1,671 2,656 2,262

 Inpatient .......................................... 1,905 1,905 1,869 1,828 1,178 1,508 1,667 1,776

 Outpatient ....................................... 1,258 1,108 262 Q Q 163 989 485

Lodging ............................................. 5,096 4,780 3,333 2,844 985 2,035 3,696 4,199

Retail (Other Than Mall)..................... 4,317 3,447 1,336 670 651 1,152 2,276 1,952

Office ................................................ 12,208 10,642 4,045 2,757 1,972 2,530 8,335 7,661

Public Assembly ............................... 3,939 3,302 1,805 1,235 308 1,494 2,258 1,607

Public Order and Safety .................... 1,090 1,031 565 Q Q Q 883 868

Religious Worship ............................. 3,754 3,163 821 Q Q 635 2,881 731

Service .............................................. 4,050 2,992 Q Q Q Q 2,464 1,902

Warehouse and Storage ................... 10,078 6,499 2,032 1,517 Q 775 4,667 4,719

Other ................................................ 1,738 1,570 841 780 Q 682 986 1,189

Vacant .............................................. 2,567 608 Q Q Q Q Q Q

Year Constructed

Before 1920 ...................................... 3,769 2,939 1,297 990 396 807 2,323 1,074

1920 to 1945 ..................................... 6,871 5,006 2,580 1,853 1,079 1,566 4,088 3,426

1946 to 1959 ..................................... 7,045 6,028 3,544 2,399 1,242 2,114 4,700 3,332

1960 to 1969 ..................................... 8,101 6,610 3,090 2,324 1,226 2,117 4,898 4,699

1970 to 1979 ..................................... 10,772 8,830 4,422 3,461 1,818 2,889 6,412 6,208

1980 to 1989 ..................................... 10,332 8,725 4,728 3,840 1,866 3,247 6,253 6,219

1990 to 1999 ..................................... 12,360 10,347 4,568 3,341 1,627 2,880 7,130 7,248

2000 to 2003 ..................................... 5,533 4,488 2,539 2,046 1,172 1,597 3,081 3,127

Census Region and Division

Northeast .......................................... 12,905 10,842 5,936 4,452 2,361 3,652 8,288 6,559

 New England .................................. 2,964 2,474 1,107 889 389 790 2,037 1,569

 Middle Atlantic ................................ 9,941 8,367 4,830 3,563 1,972 2,861 6,251 4,990

Midwest ............................................ 17,080 14,082 7,122 5,201 2,120 4,400 10,792 9,400

 East North Central .......................... 11,595 9,538 5,286 3,860 1,679 3,228 7,247 6,583

 West North Central ......................... 5,485 4,544 1,835 1,341 441 1,172 3,545 2,817

South ................................................ 23,489 19,103 9,638 7,469 4,298 6,514 13,162 13,534

 South Atlantic ................................. 12,258 10,256 5,426 4,324 2,581 3,568 7,043 7,066

 East South Central .......................... 3,393 2,829 1,145 862 420 941 1,834 2,056

 West South Central ......................... 7,837 6,018 3,067 2,284 1,297 2,004 4,285 4,412

West ................................................. 11,310 8,947 4,072 3,132 1,646 2,652 6,642 5,841

 Mountain ......................................... 3,675 3,028 1,398 1,073 672 781 2,232 2,058

 Pacific ............................................. 7,635 5,919 2,674 2,059 974 1,871 4,410 3,783

Table B46. Refrigeration Equipment, Floorspace for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings*

Buildings 

with 

Any 

Refrigeration 

Equipment

Type of Equipment (more than one may apply)

Commercial Refrigeration Other Refrigeration 

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables
Any

Walk-In

Units

Open

Cases

or

Cabinets

Closed

Cases

or

Cabinets

ResidentialType 

Units

Vending 

Machines

All Buildings* .................................. 64,783 52,974 26,768 20,254 10,425 17,218 38,884 35,335

Table B46. Refrigeration Equipment, Floorspace for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings*

Buildings 

with 

Any 

Refrigeration 

Equipment

Type of Equipment (more than one may apply)

Commercial Refrigeration Other Refrigeration 

Climate Zone: 30-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ..................... 10,622 8,673 4,106 3,188 1,296 2,495 6,713 5,824

 5,500-7,000 HDD ............................ 17,335 14,438 7,355 5,353 2,808 4,601 10,957 9,186

 4,000-5,499 HDD ............................ 11,504 9,893 5,702 4,341 2,220 3,654 7,367 6,729

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 15,739 12,329 5,784 4,490 2,408 3,793 8,479 8,220

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 9,584 7,640 3,821 2,882 1,694 2,675 5,369 5,375

Number of Floors

One ................................................... 25,981 18,869 7,620 5,257 2,649 4,813 13,230 10,272

Two ................................................... 16,270 13,758 6,309 4,898 2,010 3,937 10,456 8,818

Three ................................................ 7,501 6,550 3,065 2,044 990 2,174 5,021 4,575

Four to Nine ...................................... 10,085 9,083 6,002 5,185 2,447 3,566 6,744 7,521

Ten or More ...................................... 4,947 4,715 3,773 2,871 2,328 2,727 3,433 4,150

Number of Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ..................................... 15,492 8,221 2,390 1,159 449 1,717 6,271 2,239

5 to 9 ................................................ 6,166 5,109 1,592 867 378 1,182 3,862 1,938

10 to 19 ............................................. 7,803 6,608 2,182 1,538 491 1,136 5,242 3,516

20 to 49 ............................................. 10,989 9,759 4,415 3,262 1,262 2,873 7,011 6,949

50 to 99 ............................................. 7,934 7,346 4,475 3,693 1,447 2,363 5,084 6,197

100 to 249 ......................................... 6,871 6,619 4,399 3,776 2,193 2,877 4,726 5,960

250 or More ...................................... 9,528 9,313 7,314 5,960 4,204 5,068 6,687 8,536

Weekly Operating Hours

Fewer than 40 ................................... 6,863 3,376 933 557 242 561 2,808 763

40 to 48 ............................................. 11,622 9,130 3,156 2,190 1,109 1,968 7,358 5,286

49 to 60 ............................................. 15,723 12,833 5,218 3,745 1,815 2,973 9,804 8,207

61 to 84 ............................................. 10,334 9,304 4,350 2,996 1,625 2,844 6,490 6,234

85 to 167 ........................................... 7,092 6,384 4,314 3,184 1,554 2,987 3,941 4,639

Open Continuously ........................... 13,149 11,947 8,797 7,582 4,081 5,885 8,484 10,205

Multibuilding Facility

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ............................................. 40,048 33,711 16,426 11,954 6,307 10,842 24,007 20,526

College or University ......................... 3,480 3,041 1,295 1,009 Q 902 1,780 2,805

Primary or Secondary School ........... 3,947 3,195 2,352 2,092 901 1,171 2,287 2,384

Office Complex ................................. 2,712 2,059 857 604 484 575 1,658 1,650

Retail Complex ................................. 1,238 833 265 Q Q 219 651 623

Religious Campus or Complex .......... 2,347 1,940 870 Q Q 320 1,743 763

Health Care Complex ........................ 2,303 2,233 1,858 1,754 959 1,421 2,032 1,975

Lodging or Resort Complex .............. 912 850 492 Q Q 427 584 682

Government Complex ....................... 2,014 1,441 799 Q Q Q 1,177 1,305

Other ................................................ 5,783 3,671 1,554 1,306 Q 1,021 2,965 2,622

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Any

Walk-In

Units

Open

Cases

or

Cabinets

Closed

Cases

or

Cabinets

ResidentialType 

Units

Vending 

Machines

All Buildings* .................................. 64,783 52,974 26,768 20,254 10,425 17,218 38,884 35,335

Table B46. Refrigeration Equipment, Floorspace for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings*

Buildings 

with 

Any 

Refrigeration 

Equipment

Type of Equipment (more than one may apply)

Commercial Refrigeration Other Refrigeration 

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 63,307 52,974 26,768 20,254 10,425 17,218 38,884 35,335

Natural Gas ...................................... 43,468 38,436 21,376 16,719 8,485 14,146 28,365 26,647

Fuel Oil ............................................. 15,157 14,221 9,936 8,267 4,557 6,636 11,118 11,387

District Heat ...................................... 5,443 4,568 2,716 2,131 1,395 2,005 3,163 4,108

District Chilled Water ........................ 2,853 2,594 1,490 1,091 593 1,056 1,899 2,376

Propane ............................................ 7,076 6,065 3,237 2,495 1,268 2,012 4,473 4,132

Other ................................................ 1,401 1,231 616 466 200 417 957 850

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ............ 60,028 51,451 26,088 19,764 10,165 16,707 37,825 34,470

Buildings with Cooling ....................... 56,940 50,080 25,872 19,803 10,202 16,729 36,662 34,063

Buildings with Water Heating ............ 56,478 50,212 26,153 19,986 10,145 16,882 36,777 33,964

Buildings with Cooking ...................... 22,237 22,193 19,665 16,422 8,532 13,219 15,911 16,471

Buildings with Manufacturing ............ 3,138 2,771 973 756 Q 530 2,170 2,338

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ....................................... 12,821 12,351 9,247 7,765 4,617 6,272 9,564 11,183

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .......... 22,223 22,193 19,665 16,422 8,532 13,219 15,911 16,471

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ..................... 19,482 19,029 15,765 13,809 6,973 10,493 13,751 15,022

Separate Computer Area .................. 26,873 25,237 16,650 13,420 7,695 10,097 18,674 21,343

Notes: ● HVAC = Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. ● Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 2003 Commercial Buildings

Energy Consumption Survey. 

See "Guide to the Tables" or "Glossary" for further explanations of the terms used in this table. Both can be accessed from the CBECS 

web site - http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.

 * Figures in this table do not include enclosed malls and strip malls. Mall buildings add an estimated 213 thousand buildings comprising 

6.9 billion square feet.

See "Guide to the Tables" for discussion of the differences.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED