Space 

heatingb

Air 

handlers 

for heating

Air 

conditioningc

Air 

handlers 

for cooling

Ceiling 

fans

DehumidifiersHumidifiersWater 

heating

Clothes 

washers

Clothes 

dryers Lighting

Electric 

vehicle 

charging

All homes 549.6 80.2 866.1 129.6 69.0 69.9 13.8 532.9 24.2 190.6 275.7 10.9

Census region and division

Northeast 67.2 15.7 92.8 9.6 5.1 20.5 2.7 60.0 3.5 24.3 43.0 1.3

New England 13.8 4.8 19.3 1.6 1.1 4.9 0.7 14.0 1.0 8.2 10.3 0.5

Middle Atlantic 53.4 10.9 73.5 8.0 4.0 15.6 2.0 46.0 2.5 16.1 32.7 0.8

Midwest 125.1 36.2 131.0 20.5 10.9 26.2 5.4 91.0 5.5 39.6 58.8 1.6

East North Central 77.0 25.5 83.6 12.9 7.1 19.6 3.8 58.0 3.6 24.1 38.8 0.8

West North Central 48.1 10.6 47.5 7.6 3.8 6.6 1.6 33.0 1.8 15.5 20.0 Q

South 278.6 16.6 497.3 78.7 43.1 19.7 3.6 301.4 10.3 91.8 116.8 3.3

South Atlantic 138.6 8.1 248.0 40.0 20.8 13.8 2.3 172.1 5.2 46.6 57.2 1.7

East South Central 61.8 3.3 66.4 10.6 6.4 2.9 0.5 52.9 1.8 16.5 18.8 Q

West South Central 78.2 5.1 182.9 28.1 16.0 2.9 0.8 76.4 3.3 28.7 40.8 Q

West 78.6 11.7 144.9 20.8 10.0 3.6 2.1 80.4 5.0 34.9 57.2 4.6

Mountain 26.2 6.2 79.7 11.9 4.8 1.0 1.3 28.1 1.9 16.2 20.7 1.4

Mountain North 15.3 4.8 18.0 2.8 1.6 0.5 0.9 12.4 1.0 8.9 10.7 0.6

Mountain South 10.9 1.4 61.7 9.1 3.2 0.5 0.4 15.7 0.9 7.3 9.9 0.8

Pacific 52.5 5.5 65.3 8.9 5.2 2.6 0.8 52.4 3.1 18.7 36.6 3.2

Census urban/rural classificationd

Urban 354.6 60.4 702.7 105.6 52.5 50.0 11.0 367.3 18.5 140.5 219.6 8.6

Urbanized area 287.1 51.7 635.1 96.2 46.3 43.8 10.0 315.5 16.2 121.0 196.9 8.2

Urban cluster 67.5 8.7 67.6 9.4 6.2 6.2 1.0 51.8 2.3 19.5 22.7 0.5

Rural 195.0 19.8 163.4 24.0 16.5 19.9 2.8 165.6 5.7 50.1 56.1 2.3

Climate regione

Very cold and Cold 174.7 50.3 168.0 23.1 14.3 38.8 7.3 134.6 8.2 61.3 88.2 3.1

Mixed-humid 219.8 20.0 269.5 41.6 22.7 21.3 4.2 197.3 7.4 63.7 88.6 2.8

Mixed-dry and Hot-dry 20.7 3.6 119.0 17.2 7.2 1.4 0.9 28.8 2.7 15.1 29.3 2.4

Hot-humid 99.1 3.8 298.8 46.2 23.7 7.0 1.1 139.7 4.7 41.5 54.3 1.2

Marine 35.2 2.5 10.8 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.3 32.5 1.2 9.0 15.3 1.4

Table CE5.1a Detailed household site electricity end-use consumption, part 1—totals, 2020

Total site electricity consumptiona

(trillion Btu)

Data release date: June 2023

Revised data release date: March 2024
Space 

heatingb

Air 

handlers 

for heating

Air 

conditioningc

Air 

handlers 

for cooling

Ceiling 

fans

DehumidifiersHumidifiersWater 

heating

Clothes 

washers

Clothes 

dryers Lighting

Electric 

vehicle 

charging

All homes 549.6 80.2 866.1 129.6 69.0 69.9 13.8 532.9 24.2 190.6 275.7 10.9

Table CE5.1a Detailed household site electricity end-use consumption, part 1—totals, 2020

Total site electricity consumptiona

(trillion Btu)

Housing unit type

Single-family detached 376.6 70.9 660.3 108.5 54.0 60.7 10.7 326.5 18.3 143.7 200.1 10.4

Single-family attached 27.2 3.7 40.3 5.6 3.0 3.2 0.7 24.5 1.4 9.7 14.9 0.4

Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units 30.2 1.6 37.3 3.5 2.3 1.9 0.6 33.7 0.9 6.4 13.9 N

Apartments in buildings with 5 or 

more units 60.8 1.9 78.4 8.1 6.0 2.6 1.4 88.8 2.1 17.2 34.2 N

Mobile homes 54.7 2.1 49.7 4.0 3.8 1.5 0.4 59.3 1.6 13.7 12.7 Q

Ownership of housing unit

Owned 401.2 70.9 674.7 108.3 55.2 62.3 11.3 350.3 19.0 148.5 206.7 10.5

Single-family 347.0 68.3 616.5 103.1 50.9 59.9 10.6 293.3 17.2 133.9 190.0 10.4

Apartments 10.9 0.8 19.1 2.0 1.3 1.2 0.3 12.0 0.5 3.5 6.8 N

Mobile homes 43.3 1.8 39.0 3.2 3.0 1.3 0.3 45.1 1.3 11.0 9.8 Q

Rentedf 148.4 9.3 191.4 21.3 13.8 7.6 2.6 182.5 5.3 42.1 69.0 Q

Single-family 56.9 6.3 84.0 11.0 6.1 4.0 0.8 57.7 2.5 19.4 24.9 Q

Apartments 80.1 2.7 96.6 9.6 7.0 3.3 1.7 110.6 2.5 20.0 41.2 N

Mobile homes 11.4 0.3 10.7 0.7 0.7 Q 0.1 14.2 0.3 2.7 2.9 Q

Year of construction

Before 1950 77.8 18.3 113.4 13.4 7.5 16.8 2.4 60.8 3.5 24.4 41.3 1.1

1950 to 1959 42.0 11.7 84.8 11.4 5.2 8.4 1.5 39.7 2.3 16.2 23.8 0.6

1960 to 1969 46.4 9.0 84.5 11.9 5.7 6.5 1.2 42.9 2.2 16.0 26.6 0.7

1970 to 1979 106.7 12.5 129.8 18.1 8.5 9.5 1.8 84.7 3.4 26.4 37.6 1.0

1980 to 1989 89.4 8.2 119.8 18.2 9.4 7.0 1.5 80.9 3.1 25.4 34.8 0.9

1990 to 1999 76.5 9.2 132.8 21.4 12.1 10.3 2.3 87.6 3.9 31.4 42.8 2.1

2000 to 2009 69.2 7.7 132.9 22.8 13.3 7.5 2.1 80.0 3.6 31.1 43.7 2.3

2010 to 2015 24.3 2.2 38.7 7.3 4.2 2.1 0.5 31.7 1.3 11.2 14.7 0.6

2016 to 2020 17.1 1.5 29.5 5.0 3.3 1.9 0.5 24.6 1.0 8.5 10.4 1.6

Total square footageg

Less than 1,000 93.7 4.3 115.2 10.2 8.5 4.2 1.7 119.8 3.3 25.4 45.6 Q
Space 

heatingb

Air 

handlers 

for heating

Air 

conditioningc

Air 

handlers 

for cooling

Ceiling 

fans

DehumidifiersHumidifiersWater 

heating

Clothes 

washers

Clothes 

dryers Lighting

Electric 

vehicle 

charging

All homes 549.6 80.2 866.1 129.6 69.0 69.9 13.8 532.9 24.2 190.6 275.7 10.9

Table CE5.1a Detailed household site electricity end-use consumption, part 1—totals, 2020

Total site electricity consumptiona

(trillion Btu)

1,000 to 1,499 120.3 10.2 170.8 20.4 14.7 9.0 2.4 136.4 5.3 40.7 52.4 1.3

1,500 to 1,999 102.7 14.7 169.7 23.5 14.6 12.0 2.1 96.4 5.0 38.5 48.6 1.5

2,000 to 2,499 77.1 13.7 131.9 21.2 10.5 12.4 2.0 68.2 3.8 30.2 39.6 1.9

2,500 to 2,999 51.4 11.8 93.9 16.4 7.6 11.0 1.6 40.5 2.6 20.2 28.1 1.3

3,000 or more 104.5 25.4 184.5 37.8 13.0 21.4 4.0 71.5 4.4 35.5 61.4 4.7

Number of household members

1 member 129.1 16.3 161.9 21.4 12.3 11.8 2.6 83.4 3.8 26.9 49.8 0.7

2 members 209.2 32.7 319.9 49.1 25.9 29.3 5.5 178.4 8.7 67.0 101.2 4.5

3 members 86.9 12.7 144.9 22.1 12.0 11.3 2.4 96.3 4.2 34.2 46.2 2.0

4 members 69.9 10.6 135.2 20.9 10.8 9.8 2.1 99.1 4.2 34.2 44.1 2.4

5 members 32.2 4.8 62.6 9.9 5.2 4.7 0.7 43.6 1.9 16.3 19.8 1.0

6 or more members 22.3 3.2 41.6 6.2 2.9 3.0 0.6 32.0 1.5 12.0 14.5 Q

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 22.0 1.4 22.4 2.2 1.5 1.3 0.3 24.1 0.6 4.3 8.2 Q

$5,000 to $9,999 15.7 1.1 19.1 1.7 1.3 1.1 0.2 20.2 0.5 3.9 6.7 Q

$10,000 to $19,999 49.4 4.2 53.0 5.5 3.4 2.8 0.6 41.3 1.3 10.0 16.7 Q

$20,000 to $39,999 109.5 13.1 146.7 18.3 11.3 9.5 2.0 111.8 4.2 31.9 42.5 Q

$40,000 to $59,999 85.2 12.1 130.6 18.4 10.5 7.9 1.7 89.9 3.8 30.3 38.3 Q

$60,000 to $99,999 123.0 19.5 196.3 30.2 17.2 18.8 3.3 119.8 5.9 47.0 62.4 1.9

$100,000 to $149,999 75.2 13.2 133.7 22.1 11.2 12.5 2.5 65.4 3.9 30.7 41.9 2.1

$150,000 or more 69.5 15.5 164.3 31.1 12.5 15.9 3.3 60.3 4.1 32.6 58.9 5.4

Payment method for energy bills

All paid by household 520.6 78.2 829.6 126.8 67.0 68.4 13.0 504.0 23.4 184.1 258.6 10.8

Some paid by household, some 

included in rent or condo fee 14.2 1.2 20.6 1.5 1.1 1.1 0.5 12.7 0.5 3.4 9.9 Q

All included in rent or condo fee 14.5 0.8 15.4 1.2 0.8 0.3 0.3 15.8 0.4 3.0 7.0 Q

Some other method 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 Q Q Q * 0.1 0.3 N
Space 

heatingb

Air 

handlers 

for heating

Air 

conditioningc

Air 

handlers 

for cooling

Ceiling 

fans

DehumidifiersHumidifiersWater 

heating

Clothes 

washers

Clothes 

dryers Lighting

Electric 

vehicle 

charging

All homes 549.6 80.2 866.1 129.6 69.0 69.9 13.8 532.9 24.2 190.6 275.7 10.9

Table CE5.1a Detailed household site electricity end-use consumption, part 1—totals, 2020

Total site electricity consumptiona

(trillion Btu)

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Forms EIA-457A, D, E, F, G of the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. See RECS Terminology for definition of terms used in these tables.

Btu = British thermal units

a Electricity consumption from on-site solar photovoltaic generation (that is, solar panels) is included. Small amounts of standby power for devices that some households have but do not use (for example, 

dishwashers) are not included.

b Includes main (primary) and secondary space heating.

c Includes electricity used by evaporative coolers. 

d Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 50,000 or more people. Urban 

clusters have at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

e The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We combined climate regions for this 

publication. The Subarctic region is included with data for Very-cold and Cold . f

Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing units without paying rent. g Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned and unfinished areas in attics 

and attached garages are excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square footage based on interviewer measurements. For households that did 

not report an exact square footage estimate, the square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. See 2020 RECS Square Footage 

Methodology for full details about data collection and processing.

Q = Data withheld because either the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 10 households in reporting sample.

N = No households in reporting sample. 

* = Estimate is less than 0.05 and rounds to zero. 
Space 

heatingb

Air 

handlers 

for heating

Air 

conditioningc

Air 

handlers 

for cooling

Ceiling 

fans

DehumidifiersHumidifiersWater 

heating

Clothes 

washers

Clothes 

dryers Lighting

Electric 

vehicle 

charging

All homes 161.1 23.5 253.8 38.0 20.2 20.5 4.0 156.2 7.1 55.9 80.8 3.2

Census region and division

Northeast 19.7 4.6 27.2 2.8 1.5 6.0 0.8 17.6 1.0 7.1 12.6 0.4

New England 4.0 1.4 5.6 0.5 0.3 1.4 0.2 4.1 0.3 2.4 3.0 0.1

Middle Atlantic 15.7 3.2 21.5 2.3 1.2 4.6 0.6 13.5 0.7 4.7 9.6 0.2

Midwest 36.7 10.6 38.4 6.0 3.2 7.7 1.6 26.7 1.6 11.6 17.2 0.5

East North Central 22.6 7.5 24.5 3.8 2.1 5.7 1.1 17.0 1.1 7.1 11.4 0.2

West North Central 14.1 3.1 13.9 2.2 1.1 1.9 0.5 9.7 0.5 4.5 5.9 Q

South 81.7 4.9 145.7 23.1 12.6 5.8 1.1 88.3 3.0 26.9 34.2 1.0

South Atlantic 40.6 2.4 72.7 11.7 6.1 4.0 0.7 50.4 1.5 13.7 16.8 0.5

East South Central 18.1 1.0 19.5 3.1 1.9 0.9 0.2 15.5 0.5 4.8 5.5 Q

West South Central 22.9 1.5 53.6 8.2 4.7 0.9 0.2 22.4 1.0 8.4 11.9 Q

West 23.1 3.4 42.5 6.1 2.9 1.1 0.6 23.6 1.5 10.2 16.8 1.4

Mountain 7.7 1.8 23.3 3.5 1.4 0.3 0.4 8.2 0.6 4.7 6.1 0.4

Mountain North 4.5 1.4 5.3 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.3 3.6 0.3 2.6 3.1 0.2

Mountain South 3.2 0.4 18.1 2.7 0.9 0.1 0.1 4.6 0.3 2.1 2.9 0.2

Pacific 15.4 1.6 19.1 2.6 1.5 0.8 0.2 15.3 0.9 5.5 10.7 0.9

Census urban/rural classificationd

Urban 103.9 17.7 206.0 30.9 15.4 14.7 3.2 107.6 5.4 41.2 64.4 2.5

Urbanized area 84.2 15.2 186.1 28.2 13.6 12.8 2.9 92.5 4.7 35.5 57.7 2.4

Urban cluster 19.8 2.6 19.8 2.8 1.8 1.8 0.3 15.2 0.7 5.7 6.7 0.1

Rural 57.1 5.8 47.9 7.0 4.8 5.8 0.8 48.5 1.7 14.7 16.4 0.7

Climate regione

Very cold and Cold 51.2 14.7 49.2 6.8 4.2 11.4 2.2 39.5 2.4 18.0 25.8 0.9

Mixed-humid 64.4 5.9 79.0 12.2 6.6 6.2 1.2 57.8 2.2 18.7 26.0 0.8

Mixed-dry and Hot-dry 6.1 1.1 34.9 5.0 2.1 0.4 0.3 8.4 0.8 4.4 8.6 0.7

Hot-humid 29.0 1.1 87.6 13.5 6.9 2.1 0.3 40.9 1.4 12.2 15.9 0.3

Marine 10.3 0.7 3.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 9.5 0.3 2.6 4.5 0.4

Table CE5.1a Detailed household site electricity end-use consumption, part 1—totals, 2020

Total site electricity consumptiona

(billion kWh)

Data release date: June 2023

Revised data release date: March 2024
Space 

heatingb

Air 

handlers 

for heating

Air 

conditioningc

Air 

handlers 

for cooling

Ceiling 

fans

DehumidifiersHumidifiersWater 

heating

Clothes 

washers

Clothes 

dryers Lighting

Electric 

vehicle 

charging

All homes 161.1 23.5 253.8 38.0 20.2 20.5 4.0 156.2 7.1 55.9 80.8 3.2

Table CE5.1a Detailed household site electricity end-use consumption, part 1—totals, 2020

Total site electricity consumptiona

(billion kWh)

Housing unit type

Single-family detached 110.4 20.8 193.5 31.8 15.8 17.8 3.1 95.7 5.4 42.1 58.6 3.1

Single-family attached 8.0 1.1 11.8 1.6 0.9 0.9 0.2 7.2 0.4 2.8 4.4 0.1

Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units 8.8 0.5 10.9 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.2 9.9 0.3 1.9 4.1 N

Apartments in buildings with 5 or 

more units 17.8 0.6 23.0 2.4 1.8 0.8 0.4 26.0 0.6 5.0 10.0 N

Mobile homes 16.0 0.6 14.6 1.2 1.1 0.4 0.1 17.4 0.5 4.0 3.7 Q

Ownership of housing unit

Owned 117.6 20.8 197.7 31.7 16.2 18.3 3.3 102.7 5.6 43.5 60.6 3.1

Single-family 101.7 20.0 180.7 30.2 14.9 17.5 3.1 86.0 5.0 39.3 55.7 3.0

Apartments 3.2 0.2 5.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.1 3.5 0.1 1.0 2.0 N

Mobile homes 12.7 0.5 11.4 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.1 13.2 0.4 3.2 2.9 Q

Rentedf 43.5 2.7 56.1 6.2 4.0 2.2 0.7 53.5 1.6 12.4 20.2 Q

Single-family 16.7 1.8 24.6 3.2 1.8 1.2 0.2 16.9 0.7 5.7 7.3 Q

Apartments 23.5 0.8 28.3 2.8 2.0 1.0 0.5 32.4 0.7 5.9 12.1 N

Mobile homes 3.3 0.1 3.1 0.2 0.2 Q * 4.2 0.1 0.8 0.9 Q

Year of construction

Before 1950 22.8 5.4 33.2 3.9 2.2 4.9 0.7 17.8 1.0 7.1 12.1 0.3

1950 to 1959 12.3 3.4 24.9 3.3 1.5 2.5 0.4 11.6 0.7 4.7 7.0 0.2

1960 to 1969 13.6 2.6 24.8 3.5 1.7 1.9 0.4 12.6 0.6 4.7 7.8 0.2

1970 to 1979 31.3 3.7 38.0 5.3 2.5 2.8 0.5 24.8 1.0 7.7 11.0 0.3

1980 to 1989 26.2 2.4 35.1 5.3 2.7 2.0 0.4 23.7 0.9 7.5 10.2 0.3

1990 to 1999 22.4 2.7 38.9 6.3 3.6 3.0 0.7 25.7 1.1 9.2 12.5 0.6

2000 to 2009 20.3 2.2 38.9 6.7 3.9 2.2 0.6 23.4 1.1 9.1 12.8 0.7

2010 to 2015 7.1 0.7 11.3 2.2 1.2 0.6 0.1 9.3 0.4 3.3 4.3 0.2

2016 to 2020 5.0 0.4 8.6 1.5 1.0 0.6 0.1 7.2 0.3 2.5 3.1 0.5

Total square footageg

Less than 1,000 27.5 1.3 33.8 3.0 2.5 1.2 0.5 35.1 1.0 7.5 13.4 Q
Space 

heatingb

Air 

handlers 

for heating

Air 

conditioningc

Air 

handlers 

for cooling

Ceiling 

fans

DehumidifiersHumidifiersWater 

heating

Clothes 

washers

Clothes 

dryers Lighting

Electric 

vehicle 

charging

All homes 161.1 23.5 253.8 38.0 20.2 20.5 4.0 156.2 7.1 55.9 80.8 3.2

Table CE5.1a Detailed household site electricity end-use consumption, part 1—totals, 2020

Total site electricity consumptiona

(billion kWh)

1,000 to 1,499 35.2 3.0 50.1 6.0 4.3 2.6 0.7 40.0 1.5 11.9 15.4 0.4

1,500 to 1,999 30.1 4.3 49.7 6.9 4.3 3.5 0.6 28.2 1.5 11.3 14.3 0.4

2,000 to 2,499 22.6 4.0 38.7 6.2 3.1 3.6 0.6 20.0 1.1 8.9 11.6 0.6

2,500 to 2,999 15.1 3.5 27.5 4.8 2.2 3.2 0.5 11.9 0.7 5.9 8.2 0.4

3,000 or more 30.6 7.4 54.1 11.1 3.8 6.3 1.2 21.0 1.3 10.4 18.0 1.4

Number of household members

1 member 37.8 4.8 47.4 6.3 3.6 3.5 0.8 24.4 1.1 7.9 14.6 0.2

2 members 61.3 9.6 93.8 14.4 7.6 8.6 1.6 52.3 2.5 19.6 29.7 1.3

3 members 25.5 3.7 42.5 6.5 3.5 3.3 0.7 28.2 1.2 10.0 13.5 0.6

4 members 20.5 3.1 39.6 6.1 3.2 2.9 0.6 29.0 1.2 10.0 12.9 0.7

5 members 9.4 1.4 18.3 2.9 1.5 1.4 0.2 12.8 0.6 4.8 5.8 0.3

6 or more members 6.5 0.9 12.2 1.8 0.8 0.9 0.2 9.4 0.4 3.5 4.3 Q

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 6.5 0.4 6.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.1 7.1 0.2 1.3 2.4 Q

$5,000 to $9,999 4.6 0.3 5.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 5.9 0.1 1.1 1.9 Q

$10,000 to $19,999 14.5 1.2 15.5 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.2 12.1 0.4 2.9 4.9 Q

$20,000 to $39,999 32.1 3.9 43.0 5.4 3.3 2.8 0.6 32.8 1.2 9.4 12.5 Q

$40,000 to $59,999 25.0 3.6 38.3 5.4 3.1 2.3 0.5 26.4 1.1 8.9 11.2 Q

$60,000 to $99,999 36.0 5.7 57.5 8.9 5.0 5.5 1.0 35.1 1.7 13.8 18.3 0.6

$100,000 to $149,999 22.1 3.9 39.2 6.5 3.3 3.7 0.7 19.2 1.1 9.0 12.3 0.6

$150,000 or more 20.4 4.6 48.2 9.1 3.7 4.7 1.0 17.7 1.2 9.6 17.3 1.6

Payment method for energy bills

All paid by household 152.6 22.9 243.1 37.2 19.6 20.0 3.8 147.7 6.9 54.0 75.8 3.2

Some paid by household, some 

included in rent or condo fee 4.2 0.4 6.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 3.7 0.1 1.0 2.9 Q

All included in rent or condo fee 4.2 0.2 4.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 4.6 0.1 0.9 2.0 Q

Some other method 0.1 * 0.1 * * Q Q Q * * 0.1 N
Space 

heatingb

Air 

handlers 

for heating

Air 

conditioningc

Air 

handlers 

for cooling

Ceiling 

fans

DehumidifiersHumidifiersWater 

heating

Clothes 

washers

Clothes 

dryers Lighting

Electric 

vehicle 

charging

All homes 161.1 23.5 253.8 38.0 20.2 20.5 4.0 156.2 7.1 55.9 80.8 3.2

Table CE5.1a Detailed household site electricity end-use consumption, part 1—totals, 2020

Total site electricity consumptiona

(billion kWh)

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Forms EIA-457A, D, E, F, G of the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. See RECS Terminology for definition of terms used in these tables.

kWh = kilowatthours

a Electricity consumption from on-site solar photovoltaic generation (that is, solar panels) is included. Small amounts of standby power for devices that some households have but do not use (for example, 

dishwashers) are not included.

b Includes main (primary) and secondary space heating.

c

 Includes electricity used by evaporative coolers. 

d Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 50,000 or more people. Urban 

clusters have at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

e The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We combined climate regions for this 

publication. The Subarctic region is included with data for Very-cold and Cold . f

Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing units without paying rent. 

g Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned and unfinished areas in attics 

and attached garages are excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square footage based on interviewer measurements. For households that did 

not report an exact square footage estimate, the square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. See 2020 RECS Square Footage 

Methodology for full details about data collection and processing.

Q = Data withheld because either the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 10 households in reporting sample.

N = No households in reporting sample. 

* = Estimate is less than 0.05 and rounds to zero. 
Space 

heatingb

Air 

handlers 

for heating

Air 

conditioningc

Air 

handlers 

for cooling Ceiling fans

DehumidifiersHumidifiers

Water 

heating

Clothes 

washers

Clothes 

dryers Lighting

Electric 

vehicle 

charging

All homes 1.43 0.93 0.66 0.89 1.04 2.50 2.39 1.17 0.65 0.96 0.89 9.34

Census region and division

Northeast 5.35 2.11 1.67 3.49 3.11 3.93 5.25 3.14 1.63 2.54 2.33 23.07

New England 6.29 2.94 2.65 4.98 4.56 5.72 7.02 5.10 1.82 2.39 3.32 27.89

Middle Atlantic 6.80 2.98 2.03 4.09 3.75 5.13 6.67 4.05 1.96 3.52 2.92 26.90

Midwest 4.60 1.74 1.50 2.01 2.24 3.94 3.98 3.24 1.62 2.46 2.28 25.12

East North Central 6.48 2.07 1.81 2.45 3.14 4.86 5.21 4.37 2.08 3.35 3.15 33.26

West North Central 5.45 2.40 2.17 2.81 3.54 6.49 5.04 5.11 2.31 3.13 3.17 40.12

South 1.80 1.69 1.05 1.33 1.44 6.32 5.18 1.54 1.31 1.56 1.67 23.44

South Atlantic 2.47 2.69 1.65 1.82 2.41 6.50 5.23 1.82 1.55 1.97 2.50 30.69

East South Central 3.33 3.89 1.93 2.41 3.32 12.92 10.10 2.95 2.46 2.97 3.58 55.70

West South Central 3.72 2.46 1.72 2.60 2.09 18.02 11.28 3.29 2.06 2.70 3.12 41.15

West 3.38 1.79 1.62 2.12 2.52 12.22 6.00 2.68 1.37 2.11 2.10 13.86

Mountain 5.57 2.50 2.28 2.92 2.74 20.55 6.68 4.31 2.00 2.86 2.83 30.39

Mountain North 6.65 2.73 3.27 4.34 4.25 26.52 7.91 6.42 2.50 3.15 3.76 42.64

Mountain South 6.83 5.41 2.49 3.22 3.55 27.91 9.77 5.70 3.10 4.83 5.23 30.89

Pacific 4.39 2.97 2.77 3.43 4.57 14.65 10.49 3.09 1.86 2.82 2.98 15.54

Census urban/rural classificationd

Urban 2.04 1.19 0.83 1.10 1.33 3.34 2.59 1.54 0.84 1.16 1.17 11.04

Urbanized area 2.17 1.41 0.94 1.25 1.51 3.70 2.72 1.80 0.88 1.32 1.29 11.19

Urban cluster 5.45 4.39 3.64 3.86 3.80 9.40 8.14 3.94 3.04 3.46 4.44 38.77

Rural 2.91 2.80 2.00 2.34 2.52 4.47 5.32 2.25 1.77 1.97 2.55 23.48

Climate regione

Very cold and Cold 3.48 1.32 1.22 1.86 2.05 2.99 3.03 2.51 1.21 1.93 1.67 16.28

Mixed-humid 1.91 2.31 1.35 1.61 2.13 5.03 4.14 1.84 1.68 1.86 2.18 25.43

Mixed-dry and Hot-dry 7.33 3.73 1.75 2.50 3.24 19.18 9.43 5.36 2.62 4.40 4.06 20.33

Hot-humid 3.29 2.82 1.69 2.22 2.28 12.82 11.73 2.29 2.05 2.71 2.51 31.48

Marine 5.78 4.64 5.16 7.50 7.91 18.97 18.03 4.19 3.55 4.22 5.21 20.69

RSEs for total site electricity consumptiona

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table CE5.1a Detailed household site electricity end-use consumption, part 1—totals, 2020

Data release date: June 2023

Revised data release date: March 2024
Space 

heatingb

Air 

handlers 

for heating

Air 

conditioningc

Air 

handlers 

for cooling Ceiling fans

DehumidifiersHumidifiers

Water 

heating

Clothes 

washers

Clothes 

dryers Lighting

Electric 

vehicle 

charging

All homes 1.43 0.93 0.66 0.89 1.04 2.50 2.39 1.17 0.65 0.96 0.89 9.34

RSEs for total site electricity consumptiona

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table CE5.1a Detailed household site electricity end-use consumption, part 1—totals, 2020

Housing unit type

Single-family detached 1.60 1.04 0.68 0.96 1.17 2.81 2.31 1.53 0.65 1.00 1.11 9.83

Single-family attached 5.00 3.87 2.70 3.55 4.06 7.98 7.92 5.01 1.82 3.15 3.31 30.49

Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units 6.65 6.32 4.08 6.54 6.49 18.68 13.87 4.97 4.49 5.72 4.71 0.00

Apartments in buildings with 5 or 

more units 4.16 3.88 2.24 3.25 3.70 18.66 8.74 2.95 3.00 3.73 3.18 0.00

Mobile homes 4.65 4.24 2.92 5.01 5.64 20.68 12.59 3.70 3.83 5.33 4.28 67.63

Ownership of housing unit

Owned 1.80 1.11 0.92 1.19 1.26 2.32 2.45 1.62 0.89 1.20 1.18 9.69

Single-family 1.76 1.12 0.88 1.19 1.20 2.46 2.44 1.57 0.80 1.17 1.23 9.78

Apartments 14.02 13.00 6.83 10.28 10.77 23.94 19.19 8.25 6.37 7.80 7.48 0.00

Mobile homes 6.01 5.05 4.26 6.17 7.37 24.32 14.32 4.69 5.02 6.08 5.00 76.31

Rentedf 2.59 3.76 2.05 2.79 2.81 9.56 6.71 2.23 2.11 2.36 2.22 56.75

Single-family 5.89 5.18 4.04 4.50 5.05 13.65 10.23 4.23 3.54 3.68 4.19 58.46

Apartments 3.43 3.35 2.07 3.22 3.27 17.15 8.32 2.77 2.91 3.80 2.49 0.00

Mobile homes 9.81 12.34 9.35 10.88 11.68 40.48 32.49 10.25 9.36 11.70 11.78 20.14

Year of construction

Before 1950 4.83 2.69 1.94 4.15 3.70 5.86 6.89 3.60 2.29 3.09 2.65 32.37

1950 to 1959 5.00 3.28 2.41 3.86 4.34 7.81 8.39 5.47 2.38 3.41 2.77 25.43

1960 to 1969 5.23 3.73 3.35 4.18 3.37 7.85 5.78 4.10 2.55 3.51 2.83 33.95

1970 to 1979 4.06 3.15 2.11 2.72 3.45 6.23 6.67 2.97 2.04 2.46 2.59 25.71

1980 to 1989 3.74 3.55 2.04 2.69 3.11 7.37 7.72 2.90 1.97 2.55 2.88 33.23

1990 to 1999 3.74 2.51 2.34 3.09 2.80 8.00 5.06 3.17 1.70 2.19 2.29 27.70

2000 to 2009 3.15 2.97 2.07 2.64 2.49 7.72 6.60 2.74 1.98 2.59 2.85 22.82

2010 to 2015 5.46 5.68 4.77 5.28 5.27 12.45 9.42 5.80 4.27 5.25 5.85 33.92

2016 to 2020 6.93 6.68 5.16 5.72 6.48 15.78 11.27 5.46 4.47 5.40 6.93 32.77

Total square footageg

Less than 1,000 2.71 2.90 2.38 3.24 3.91 11.84 8.42 3.09 3.05 3.74 2.96 47.29
Space 

heatingb

Air 

handlers 

for heating

Air 

conditioningc

Air 

handlers 

for cooling Ceiling fans

DehumidifiersHumidifiers

Water 

heating

Clothes 

washers

Clothes 

dryers Lighting

Electric 

vehicle 

charging

All homes 1.43 0.93 0.66 0.89 1.04 2.50 2.39 1.17 0.65 0.96 0.89 9.34

RSEs for total site electricity consumptiona

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table CE5.1a Detailed household site electricity end-use consumption, part 1—totals, 2020

1,000 to 1,499 3.65 3.01 2.40 2.89 3.00 7.32 7.62 2.79 2.02 2.26 2.41 27.75

1,500 to 1,999 4.04 2.71 2.43 2.69 2.91 7.40 5.61 3.21 2.31 3.01 2.47 27.86

2,000 to 2,499 3.90 2.77 3.21 3.57 3.15 5.64 6.99 4.32 2.64 3.45 3.36 18.98

2,500 to 2,999 5.60 3.86 3.42 3.85 4.05 6.68 6.93 5.16 3.43 3.79 3.57 21.46

3,000 or more 4.43 3.03 2.66 2.82 3.02 4.59 4.40 3.74 2.15 2.64 2.92 16.24

Number of household members

1 member 3.16 3.27 2.02 2.68 2.77 6.36 6.37 1.96 1.76 2.17 2.06 28.68

2 members 2.70 2.01 1.74 1.91 1.95 4.32 3.90 1.92 1.25 1.64 1.93 15.04

3 members 3.66 3.55 2.53 2.95 3.86 6.42 5.53 3.73 2.55 3.33 2.81 23.35

4 members 4.02 3.53 3.04 3.44 3.33 8.52 6.32 3.89 2.53 2.97 2.99 20.92

5 members 8.26 6.56 5.73 6.47 6.69 12.49 10.02 6.24 4.60 4.99 5.73 38.92

6 or more members 10.63 7.61 5.94 7.32 7.41 14.12 11.92 6.90 4.97 5.99 6.64 56.60

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 9.00 10.05 6.84 10.64 9.60 21.25 23.14 7.80 8.37 9.59 7.79 15.90

$5,000 to $9,999 8.69 9.50 8.47 10.47 9.49 24.63 20.42 8.38 8.32 10.86 8.53 14.90

$10,000 to $19,999 6.40 6.33 4.87 6.02 5.51 18.28 12.42 4.89 4.70 5.18 5.17 73.13

$20,000 to $39,999 3.45 3.14 2.65 3.11 3.93 8.87 7.55 2.96 2.35 2.63 3.31 49.37

$40,000 to $59,999 4.60 3.26 2.89 3.65 3.67 7.24 6.78 3.65 2.95 3.45 3.07 51.23

$60,000 to $99,999 3.83 2.33 2.41 2.74 2.84 5.04 5.26 3.25 2.09 2.43 2.35 23.86

$100,000 to $149,999 5.51 3.64 3.10 3.17 3.62 6.37 5.34 4.12 2.57 3.16 2.65 26.71

$150,000 or more 5.05 3.27 2.73 3.11 3.06 5.77 5.07 4.07 2.29 2.53 3.05 13.59

Payment method for energy bills

All paid by household 1.48 0.98 0.70 0.91 1.08 2.52 2.41 1.25 0.71 1.04 0.99 9.50

Some paid by household, some 

included in rent or condo fee 11.67 8.13 5.61 8.62 10.10 25.74 12.72 10.12 7.24 8.30 6.27 64.42

All included in rent or condo fee 7.99 9.63 6.58 8.62 11.21 25.03 15.62 7.76 7.71 9.03 8.52 19.13

Some other method 42.57 40.10 37.36 48.28 38.51 65.17 70.76 41.54 30.93 39.05 30.87 0.00
Space 

heatingb

Air 

handlers 

for heating

Air 

conditioningc

Air 

handlers 

for cooling Ceiling fans

DehumidifiersHumidifiers

Water 

heating

Clothes 

washers

Clothes 

dryers Lighting

Electric 

vehicle 

charging

All homes 1.43 0.93 0.66 0.89 1.04 2.50 2.39 1.17 0.65 0.96 0.89 9.34

RSEs for total site electricity consumptiona

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table CE5.1a Detailed household site electricity end-use consumption, part 1—totals, 2020

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Forms EIA-457A, D, E, F, G of the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: See RECS Terminology for definition of terms used in these tables.

a Electricity consumption from on-site solar photovoltaic generation (that is, solar panels) is included. Small amounts of standby power for devices that some households have but do not use (for example, 

dishwashers) are not included.

b Includes main (primary) and secondary space heating.

c Includes electricity used by evaporative coolers. 

d Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 50,000 or more people. Urban 

clusters have at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

e The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We combined climate regions for this 

publication. The Subarctic region is included with data for Very-cold and Cold . 

f

Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing units without paying rent. 

g Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned and unfinished areas in attics 

and attached garages are excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square footage based on interviewer measurements. For households that did 

not report an exact square footage estimate, the square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. See 2020 RECS Square Footage 

Methodology for full details about data collection and processing.