NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

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- 4104

_____________

FRANCINE COLE , Individually and as Co

- Administrator of the Estate of Bevelyn D. Cole,

Appellant

v. GUARDIAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA On Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (No. 2

- 11

- cv - 01026 ) District Judge: Hon. Jose L. Linares Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)

November 21 , 2014
Before: CHAGARES, HARDIMAN, and S HWARTZ , Circuit Judges

.

(Filed : December 4, 2014 )

____________ OPINION *

____________ CHAGARES, Circuit Judge

. After the death of her sister Bevelyn D. Cole (“Bevelyn”) , Francine Cole (“Cole”) brought a law suit pursuant to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”),

* This disposition is not an opinion of the full court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 doe s not constitute binding precedent.2

29 U.S.C. § 1001, et seq. , challenging Guardian Life Insurance Company of America’s (“Guardian”) denial of an accidental death benefit. Cole now appeals the District Court’s grant of summary judgment to Guardian and its subsequent denial of Cole’s motion for
reconsideration. For the reasons that foll ow, we will affirm the judgment of the District
Court.
I. We write exclusively for the parties and therefore set forth only those facts that are necessary to our disposition. Bevelyn worked at the Bonnie Brae School, where Guardian provides two forms of life insurance

– a Basic Life benefit and an Accidental
D eath benefit

– to employees under the Bonnie Brae Group Insurance Plan (“the Plan”). Guardian is a fiduciary of the Plan and has authority to determine eligibility for Basic
Life and Accidental Deat h claims. Bevelyn enrolled in the plan on September 2, 2004. Bevelyn’s enrollment form designates her nephews, Joseph Cole (“Joseph”) and George
Johnson (“George”) , as her beneficiaries under the Plan. It is undisputed that when Bevelyn died, on June 19 , 2005, neither Bevelyn’s estate (“the Estate”) nor Cole was named as a beneficiary. On October 9, 2007, Cole notified Guardian in writing of Bevelyn ’s death. Cole

was a co - administrator of the E state, and in October and December, Cole sent notice to
G uardian that “the [E] state may file an action to override the beneficiaries to place the funds into a trust account until they reach a certain age” and asked Guardian to “refrain from processing a death claim at this time.” Appendix (“App.”) 373. She not ified Guardian that she was “contesting the signature” on the enrollment form and asked that3

Guardian “withhold any benefits payable.” Id. On January 14, 2008, Cole wrote to Guardian that the “Estate is not submitting a claim for the proceeds at this tim e . . . .” Id. Bevelyn’s death obliged Guardian to pay a Basic Life benefit of about $69,000 , including interest

. On December 13, 2007, Guardian received Group Life Claim Forms signed by George and Joseph. App. 376. Guardian initiated an interpleader action regarding the Basic Life benefit on July 8, 2008 in the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, joining Cole, the Estate, the co

- administrator of the Estate, George, and Joseph. The court granted Guardian’s motion for inter pleader relief and released and discharged it from all claims. On March 6, 2009, Cole, George, and Joseph

– the remaining parties in the interpleader action

– reached a settlement whereby each would receive “a one [

- ] third equal division of the insurance p roceeds” for the Basic Life benefit, as well as a one

- third division of the A ccidental D eath benefit, “should Guardian approve the insurance claim . . . .” Cole Br. 11. The settlement agreement did not address who was a beneficiary under the Plan. App. 350

- 51. Guardian subsequently denied the Accidental Death benefit claim, and on February 23, 2011, Cole filed an action in the District of New Jersey challenging the
denial and the process by which Guardian notified the parties of the denial. Guardian
fi led a motion for summary judgment arguing, inter alia , that Cole did not have standing to sue under ERISA’s civil enforcement provision, 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B). The District Court granted the motion for summary judgment on the ground that Cole lacked

s tanding, and it subsequently denied Cole’s motion for reconsideration. Cole timely appealed.4 II. The District Court had jurisdiction pursuant to 29 U.S.C. 1132(e)(1) , and we have appellate jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291

. We exercise plenary review over the District Court’s grant of summary judgment, applying the same standard t he District Court applied

. Curley v. Klem , 298 F.3d 271, 276 (3d Cir. 2002). That is, we “grant summary judgment if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to a ny material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). In doing so, “we view all evidence in the light
most favorable to the non

- moving party.” Kurns v. A.W. Chesterton Inc

. , 620 F.3d 392, 395 (3d Cir. 2010). We review the District Court’s denial of the motion for reconsideration for abuse of discretion, but we review underlying legal determinations de novo and factual
determinations for clear error. Howard Hess Dental Labs

. Inc. v. Dentsply Int’l, Inc. , 602 F.3d 237, 246 (3d Cir. 2010).
I II

. Cole devotes most of her brief, including the entire argument section, to the
contention that she has standing 1 because “[t]he interpleader action in the South Carolina

1 It is not clear from Cole’s briefing whether she contends that she or the Estate is the beneficiary. She frames the question as whether “Appellant/Plaintiff has standing as a beneficiary . . . .” Cole Br. 2. Cole br ought the District Court action “Individually, and as Co

- Administrator of the Estate of Bevelyn D. Cole,” id. at 1, so “Appellant/Plaintiff” could refer to either Cole or the Estate. But she also maintains that she has status as a beneficiary because the Plan “provide[s] for standing to an Estate as a beneficiary under the plan if there is no other beneficiary at the time of the insured’s death,” id. at 4, suggesting that in her view, the Estate is the beneficiary. Under the Plan, if there is no5

District Court finally determined that the Appella nt/Plaintiff is a proper beneficiary under
the ERISA Plan as the Law of the Case , ” Cole Br. 19, and that in finding that neither
Cole nor the Estate was a beneficiary, the District Court “failed to properly apply principles of Res Judicata , Collateral Esto ppel and Judicial Estoppel . . . .” Id. at 18. In the statement of the case, Cole also argues that she has standing because she or the Estate “is the beneficiary if there a re no other named beneficiaries . . . . ” Id. at 4. We will
consider each of thes e arguments in turn.
A.
Under ERISA’s civil enforcement provision, 29 U.S.C. § 1132, “a participant or beneficiary ” may bring a civil action “ to recover benefits due to him under the terms of his plan, to enforce his rights under the terms of the plan, or to clarify his rights to future benefits under the terms of the plan , ” 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B). As we have stressed, “[b]y its terms, standing under the statute is limited to participants and beneficiaries.”
Pas c ack Valley Hosp. v. Local 464A UFCW Wel fare Reimbursement Plan , 388 F.3d 393, 400 (3d Cir. 2004). A beneficiary is “a person designated by a participant, or by the terms of an employee benefit plan, who is or may become entitled to a benefit thereunder.” 29 U.S.C. § 1002(8).

named ben eficiary at the time of the insured’s death, Guardian will pay benefits to, inter alia , “your estate” or “your brothers and sisters.” App. 368. It therefore seems that Cole could argue that either she or the Estate should have been the beneficiary. The District Court addressed both possibilities, see, e.g. , Cole v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. , No. 11

- 1026, 2013 WL 4039025, at *9 (D.N.J. Aug. 7, 2013) (“there is simply no evidence in the record showing that Plaintiff (or decedent’s estate) were . . . designate d as beneficiaries under the Plan.”), and we will do the same.6

Cole does not co ntest that only participants and beneficiaries may sue under 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B) . I nstead, she argues that she is a beneficiary because , as she
contends , the South Carolina action “finally determined that the Appellant/Plaintiff is a proper benefici ary under the ERISA Plan , ” Cole Br. 6, and that this finding has collateral estoppel effect, precluding a determination that she or the Estate is not a beneficiary

. Collateral estoppel bars a party to an earlier action from litigating an issue in a
later action if : “(1) the identical issue was previously adjudicated; (2) the issue was actually litigated; (3) the previous determination was necessary to the decision; and (4) the party being precluded from relitigating the issue was fully represented in the prior action.” Raytech Corp. v. White , 54 F.3d 187, 190 (3d Cir. 1995). In spite of Cole’s assertions to the contrary, t he issue of whether she or the Estate was a beneficiary of the Plan was not “actually litigated and determined by a valid and
final judgment , ” Jean Alexander Cosmetics, Inc. v. L’Oreal USA, Inc. , 4 58 F.3d 244, 249 (3d Cir. 2006) (quotation marks omitted) , in the South Carolina action

. Th at action ended with a settlement agreement that controlled the div ision of the Basic Life benefit , but as described above, it made no mention of who was a beneficiary under the Plan. See App. 351. Cole’s argument that “[i]n the Interpleader Action, Appellee/Defendant itself acknowledged in paragraph 4 of the Interpleader Complaint that ‘Guardian cann ot determine the proper beneficiary of the Basic Life Plan Benefits , ’ ” Cole Br. 21, is
irrelevant , for the settlement agreement explicitly provides that “[n]othing herein shall be deemed as an admission of, or concession to, any matter alleged in the plead ings . . . .” App. 351.7

The issue of whether Cole or the Estate was a beneficiary under the Plan was not actually litigated or decided in the South Carolina action, and so collateral estoppel does not compel a finding that Cole has standing as a benefici ary based on that action

. Because George and Joseph were the sole beneficiaries named on the enrollment form, and they were alive when Bevelyn died, they are the beneficiaries, not Cole or the E state, and the South Carolina action does not preclude such a finding. 2
B. Cole also argues that either she or the Estate has standing as a beneficiary under the Plan, because “Appellant/Plaintiff . . . is the beneficiary if there are no other named beneficiaries . . . .” Cole Br. 4. She contends that the enrollm ent form naming Joseph and George as beneficiaries is fraudulent and therefore invalid. She argues the form is
fraudulent because “it was not filled out correctly

. ” Id. F or example, “the date of the insured’s signature is incorrectly listed as her birth date instead of the date of her signature , ” and “the decedent, who was a meticulous and qualified teacher, would not have made such mistakes in filling out the enrollment form

. . . .” Id. at 4

- 5. Cole points to no evidence in the record of fraud, relyin g on ly on this highly speculative and unsupported conjecture. We agree with the District Court that based on

2 Cole asserts that the South Carolina action has res judicata effect, which we construe as issue preclusion in this context. As the Supreme Court explained in Taylor v. Sturgell , 553 U.S. 88 9, 892 (2008) , “ [t] he preclusive effect of a judgment is defined by claim preclusion and issue preclusion, which are collectively referred to as ‘res judicata.’” Id. at 892. Issue preclusion “bars successive litigation of an issue of fact or law actually litigated and resolved in a valid court determination essential to the prior judgment . . . .” Id. (quotation marks omitted). Cole also makes a judicial estoppel argument. For the reasons set forth above, b oth arguments are unavailing.8

this evidence, no reasonable juror could have concluded that the enrollment form was not
authentic.
C.
We turn to Cole’s appeal of the District C ourt’s denial of her m otion for reconsideration . Reconsideration is warranted where there is a need “ to correct manifest errors of law or fact or to present newly discovered evidence.” Max ’ s Seafood Café v. Quinteros , 176 F.3d 669, 677 (3d Cir. 1999) ( citing Harsco Corp. v. Zlotnicki , 779 F.2d 906, 909 (3d Cir.1985)). A party seeking reconsideration must show at least one of the following: “(1) an intervening change in the controlling law; (2) the availability of new
evidence that was not available wh en the court granted the motion for summary judgment; or (3) the need to correct a clear error of law or fact or to prevent manifest injustice.” Id. The motion for reconsideration in this case merely res tated Cole’s earlier arguments regarding the allege dly fraudulent nature of the enrollment form, see Cole Br. in Support of Motion for Reconsideration 2, and her collateral estoppel argument. See i d.
at 3. Cole ’s motion included none of the factors we described in Max’s Seafood Café as warranting reconsi deration, and the District Court did not abuse its discretion in denying Cole’s motion.
IV. For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.