Released: February 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2022.

Table 5.8    End Uses of Fuel Consumption, 2018;

                        Level: National and Regional Data;

                        Row: End Uses;

                        Column: Energy Sources, including Net Demand for Electricity;

                        Unit: Trillion Btu.

Distillate    

Net Demand Fuel Oil Coal

for Residual and Natural HGL (excluding (excluding Coal

End Use Electricity(a) Fuel Oil Diesel Fuel(b) Gas(c) natural gasoline)(d) Coke and Breeze)

Total United States

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 3,052 17 86 6,362 64 432

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 45 11 8 2,570 9 189

  Conventional Boiler Use 45 6 3 823 5 14

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 5 5 1,746 4 175

Direct Uses‐Total Process 2,450 5 35 3,268 D 243

  Process Heating 294 5 13 2,810 22 178

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 256 * * 24 * 3

  Machine Drive 1,573 * 14 171 2 15

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 250 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 77 * 8 263 D 46

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 521 1 43 481 D 1

  Facility HVAC (e) 258 * 2 386 D *

  Facility Lighting 181 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 55 0 * 52 * *

  Onsite Transportation 15 ‐‐ 33 3 18 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ * 3 28 * *

  Other Nonprocess Use 13 * 4 12 1 0

End Use Not Reported 36 * * 43 3 0

Northeast Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 276 4 15 490 9 19

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 6 2 1 177 1 13

  Conventional Boiler Use 6 1 * 67 1 1

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 1 1 110 * 12

Direct Uses‐Total Process 200 1 10 242 2 6

  Process Heating 31 1 Q 209 2 5

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 23 * * 4 * 0

  Machine Drive 129 * 2 21 * 1

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 7 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 9 * * 8 * *

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 65 1 5 68 5 *

  Facility HVAC (e) 31 * 2 58 2 *

  Facility Lighting 22 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 7 0 * 4 * *

  Onsite Transportation 1 ‐‐ 2* 3 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ * *3 * 0

  Other Nonprocess Use 3 * * Q * 0

End Use Not Reported 50 * 3 * 0

Midwest Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 901 1 21 1,823 18 182

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 14 1 * 641 2 91
  Conventional Boiler Use 14 * * 266 1 6

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ * * 374 1 85

Direct Uses‐Total Process 720 * 10 927 6 91

  Process Heating 101 * 1 821 5 67

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 74 0 * 9 * 0

  Machine Drive 462 * 5 28 * 5

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 61 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 22 0 Q 69 * 18

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 156 * 10 239 8 *

  Facility HVAC (e) 74 * * 209 2 *

  Facility Lighting 59 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 16 0 * 25 * *

  Onsite Transportation 6 ‐‐ 91 6 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ 0 *1 * *

  Other Nonprocess Use 2 * * 4 * 0

End Use Not Reported 11 0 * 16 2 0

South Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 1,469 8 32 3,358 20 141

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 20 7 5 1,485 4 52

  Conventional Boiler Use 20 4 1 372 2 3

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 4 3 1,113 2 49

Direct Uses‐Total Process 1,219 1 9 1,725 D 89

  Process Heating 133 1 3 1,437 5 71

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 119 0 * 11 * *

  Machine Drive 782 * 4 104 1 8

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 159 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 26 * 1 174 D 10

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 214 0 19 126 D *

  Facility HVAC (e) 111 0 * 84 D *

  Facility Lighting 69 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 25 0 * 17 * 0

  Onsite Transportation 6 ‐‐ 15 2 6 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ 0 * 19 * 0

  Other Nonprocess Use 4 0 3 4 * 0

End Use Not Reported 16 * * 22 1 0

West Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 406 4 18 691 17 90

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 6 1 2 266 2 33

  Conventional Boiler Use 6 * 1 118 1 4

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 1 1 149 * 29

Direct Uses‐Total Process 311 3 7 374 12 57

  Process Heating 29 3 2 343 10 35

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 40 0 * 2 * 2

  Machine Drive 200 0 3 17 Q 1

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 23 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 19 0 Q 12 * Q

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 85 * 10 48 3 0

  Facility HVAC (e) 42 0 * 36 * 0

  Facility Lighting 31 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 7 0 * 6 * 0

  Onsite Transportation 2 ‐‐ 6* 3 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ * 34 * 0

  Other Nonprocess Use 4 0 Q 2 * 0
End Use Not Reported 40 * 2 * 0

    (a) Net Demand for Electricity is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and total onsite electricity generation, minus sales and transfers offsite. It is

the total amount of electricity used by establishments. Net Demand for Electricity is not directly comparable with Net Electricity, which specifically

excludes electricity generated onsite by combustible energy sources.

    (b) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.      

    (c) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas

producers, gas brokers, marketers, and any marketing subsidiaries of utilities.        

    (d) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐

butane mixtures, and isobutane produced at refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids

(NGL).    

    (e) Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (Facility HVAC) excludes steam and hot water.   

    * Estimate less than 0.5.                    

    D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.          

    Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.        

    NA=Not available.                      

    ‐‐ Estimation is not applicable.                  

    S=Negative value.                      

    Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The estimates presented in this table are for the total

consumption of energy (formerly total inputs of energy) for the production of heat, power, and electricity generation, regardless of where the

energy was produced.  Specifically, the estimates include the quantities of energy that were originally produced offsite and purchased by or

transferred to the establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy or input materials not classified as energy, or were

extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. Allocations to specific end uses are made on the basis of reasonable approximations by respondents.

    Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy

Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance

practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20‐260).   
Released: February 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2022.

RSE Table 5.8     Relative Standard Errors for Table 5.8;

                              Unit: Percents.

Distillate    

Net Demand Fuel Oil Coal

for Residual and Natural HGL (excluding (excluding Coal

End Use Electricity(a) Fuel Oil Diesel Fuel(b) Gas(c) natural Coke and Breeze)

Total United States

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 1.6 2.5 7.9 0.9 3.9 3.3

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 3.2 0.7 7.0 1.0 9.2 0.2

  Conventional Boiler Use 3.2 1.3 17.8 1.7 12.1 1.8

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 0.2 4.2 1.2 14.0 0.1

Direct Uses‐Total Process 1.3 6.3 16.3 1.3 D 5.9

  Process Heating 2.4 6.3 29.1 1.4 6.7 0.2

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 4.1 0.0 8.5 4.8 20.0 4.9

  Machine Drive 1.5 72.5 14.9 3.4 40.8 0.0

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 1.7 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 4.7 90.0 46.3 3.3 D 31.0

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 3.7 30.1 6.5 3.3 D 17.7

  Facility HVAC (e) 3.8 7.4 29.2 3.9 D 27.6

  Facility Lighting 5.1 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 2.7 X 49.1 6.2 19.2 0.0

  Onsite Transportation 4.8 ‐‐ 6.3 13.4 4.6 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ 0.0 23.8 1.3 46.3 0.0

  Other Nonprocess Use 18.8 61.2 24.7 12.1 15.0 X

End Use Not Reported 13.1 0.0 12.7 8.5 21.8 X

Northeast Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 4.7 5.3 28.8 4.0 8.7 0.3

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 7.9 0.3 14.9 3.9 12.9 0.1

  Conventional Boiler Use 7.9 0.0 7.1 5.5 9.0 0.0

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 0.8 23.1 5.3 47.6 0.1

Direct Uses‐Total Process 5.1 0.8 38.6 6.4 16.2 0.1

  Process Heating 8.2 0.8 51.0 7.3 17.8 0.1

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 15.2 0.0 52.1 10.1 63.9 X

  Machine Drive 4.6 0.0 25.2 3.7 38.5 0.0

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 2.5 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 19.6 50.9 13.1 18.5 40.8 0.0

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 5.1 31.6 19.1 5.8 11.8 68.0

  Facility HVAC (e) 5.4 7.4 38.4 5.8 19.3 70.9

  Facility Lighting 5.5 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 8.6 X 85.8 11.1 30.9 0.0

  Onsite Transportation 9.8 ‐‐ 12.1 35.1 15.6 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ 0.0 40.6 0.9 62.3 X

  Other Nonprocess Use 43.6 61.5 43.3 58.3 42.9 X

End Use Not Reported 40.9 X 88.8 29.1 22.2 X

Midwest Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 2.3 29.3 20.0 2.2 7.0 0.3

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 9.1 13.5 31.8 2.3 14.1 0.3

  Conventional Boiler Use 9.1 24.0 7.7 2.7 18.9 0.0

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 0.3 39.0 3.6 21.2 0.3

Direct Uses‐Total Process 2.3 73.8 37.6 3.2 9.6 0.3

  Process Heating 5.7 74.2 12.4 3.5 10.4 0.4

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 3.8 X 12.6 7.5 24.2 X

  Machine Drive 2.8 89.7 26.5 10.1 13.8 0.0

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 6.7 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 10.6 X 73.8 5.9 20.8 0.0

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 3.6 11.1 15.1 5.5 8.4 0.0
  Facility HVAC (e) 3.6 72.9 38.8 6.2 25.2 0.0

  Facility Lighting 4.7 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 4.9 X 25.1 6.0 29.5 0.0

  Onsite Transportation 8.5 ‐‐ 16.5 7.4 7.5 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ X 14.2 16.6 23.7 0.0

  Other Nonprocess Use 13.5 8.7 25.9 7.0 50.2 X

End Use Not Reported 30.0 X 0.0 8.1 37.8 X

South Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 1.6 1.0 6.6 1.0 6.1 0.2

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 2.4 0.1 3.4 1.2 18.3 0.5

  Conventional Boiler Use 2.4 0.1 9.1 2.6 31.8 8.1

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 0.3 3.2 1.4 21.2 0.0

Direct Uses‐Total Process 1.4 8.0 15.4 1.3 D 0.2

  Process Heating 2.3 5.7 28.7 1.3 10.0 0.2

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 3.5 X 0.1 8.3 25.1 67.5

  Machine Drive 1.9 97.3 20.4 2.9 30.7 0.0

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 0.5 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 4.0 91.0 36.7 3.9 D 0.0

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 3.2 X 8.6 5.6 D 58.6

  Facility HVAC (e) 3.5 X 47.7 7.4 D 58.6

  Facility Lighting 3.7 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 4.4 X 3.6 16.0 35.3 X

  Onsite Transportation 8.7 ‐‐ 7.0 22.9 7.8 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ X 15.9 1.7 1.0 X

  Other Nonprocess Use 9.9 X 31.7 5.0 16.8 X

End Use Not Reported 15.8 0.0 0.1 15.4 27.7 X

West Census Region

TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 8.8 7.0 14.0 3.2 9.8 15.8

Indirect Uses‐Boiler Fuel 5.6 0.0 29.6 3.1 8.6 0.0

  Conventional Boiler Use 5.6 0.0 45.2 5.7 2.0 0.0

  CHP and/or Cogeneration Process ‐‐ 0.0 6.4 3.4 31.4 0.0

Direct Uses‐Total Process 6.3 9.5 25.6 3.5 13.4 25.0

  Process Heating 3.6 9.5 8.9 3.5 12.5 0.5

  Process Cooling and Refrigeration 21.3 X 30.0 10.8 15.6 0.0

  Machine Drive 6.4 X 46.7 23.8 68.4 0.0

  Electro‐Chemical Processes 1.5 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Process Use 9.8 X 59.9 24.0 28.0 79.2

Direct Uses‐Total Nonprocess 20.0 0.0 15.3 9.7 9.2 X

  Facility HVAC (e) 20.2 X 48.9 12.7 20.5 X

  Facility Lighting 27.3 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

  Other Facility Support 5.6 X 30.7 10.1 21.0 X

  Onsite Transportation 8.4 ‐‐ 15.2 7.6 10.4 ‐‐

  Conventional Electricity Generation ‐‐ 0.0 30.1 0.1 74.3 X

  Other Nonprocess Use 49.9 X 75.1 16.2 52.6 X

End Use Not Reported 20.4 X 0.0 12.4 40.1 X

    (a) Net Demand for Electricity is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and total onsite electricity generation, minus sales and transfers offsite. It is the total amount of

electricity used by establishments. Net Demand for Electricity is not directly comparable with Net Electricity, which specifically excludes electricity generated onsite by

combustible energy sources.

    (b) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.      

    (c) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, gas brokers,

marketers, and any marketing subsidiaries of utilities.        

    (d) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐butane mixtures,

and isobutane produced at refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).    

    (e) Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (Facility HVAC) excludes steam and hot water.   

    * Estimate less than 0.5.                    

    D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.          

    Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.

    X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a data table value of zero.           

    NA=Not available.                      

    ‐‐ Estimation is not applicable.                  

    S=Negative value.                      

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding The estimates presented in this table are for the total consumption of energy
    Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The estimates presented in this table are for the total consumption of energy

(formerly total inputs of energy) for the production of heat, power, and electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produced.  Specifically, the

estimates include the quantities of energy that were originally produced offsite and purchased by or transferred to the establishment, plus those that were produced

onsite from other energy or input materials not classified as energy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. Allocations to specific end uses are made

on the basis of reasonable approximations by respondents.    

    Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied

(Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20‐260).