Released: February 2018

Next MECS will be fielded in 2019

Table 1.4 Number of Establishments by First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2014;

 Level: National Data; 

 Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Energy Sources and Shipments;

 Unit: Establishment Counts.

 

 

 

NAICS Code(a) Subsector and Industry

Any Energy 

Source(b)

Net 

Electricity(c)

 Residual 

Fuel Oil

 Distillate 

Fuel Oil(d)

Natural 

Gas(e)

HGL (excluding natural 

gasoline)(f) Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other(g)

 Shipments of 

Energy Sources 

Produced Onsite(h)

Total United States

311 Food 13,690 13,653 91 2,373 10,270 3,941 51 12 1,522 W

 3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 600 600 W 224 513 217 23 0 155 W

 311221 Wet Corn Milling 49 49 0 30 44 26 14 0 30 W

 31131 Sugar Manufacturing 71 71 5 28 60 15 23 12 36 0

 3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 985 985 8 267 794 396 W 0 123 0

 3115 Dairy Product 992 992 16 161 803 207 W 0 63 0

 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 1,603 1,603 24 282 1,349 260 W 0 135 0

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 2,443 2,443 W 401 1,224 1,178 12 0 256 0

 3121 Beverages 2,369 2,369 0 373 1,164 1,141 W 0 240 0

 3122 Tobacco 74 74 W 28 60 38 W 0 16 0

313 Textile Mills 1,355 1,355 Q 156 928 482 W 0 144 0

314 Textile Product Mills 4,277 4,277 W 53 2,626 1,231 7 0 W 0

315 Apparel 3,874 3,874 0 Q 1,174 Q 0 0 W 0

316 Leather and Allied Products 466 466 W 16 283 135 0 0 16 0

321 Wood Products 8,398 8,316 8 2,218 3,529 4,018 W 0 1,856 0

 321113 Sawmills 1,619 1,609 W 755 253 526 W 0 567 0

 3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 973 973 W 323 499 487 W 0 271 0

 321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 154 154 W 75 129 130 W 0 82 0

 3219 Other Wood Products 5,558 5,486 W 991 2,646 2,962 0 0 966 0

322 Paper 3,220 3,220 83 403 2,762 1,580 71 0 306 0

 322110 Pulp Mills 28 28 W 23 23 22 W 0 25 0

 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 165 165 36 87 159 104 37 0 83 0

 322122 Newsprint Mills 18 18 0 14 14 13 W 0 18 0

 322130 Paperboard Mills 147 147 33 92 139 116 26 0 82 0

323 Printing and Related Support 14,005 14,005 W 334 9,056 2,329 0 0 513 0

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 1,918 1,904 105 837 1,420 618 26 W 1,402 37

 324110 Petroleum Refineries 174 174 W 67 168 103 W 0 109 0

 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 1,285 1,275 96 583 875 248 0 0 1,094 W

 324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 162 158 W 59 144 135 W 0 138 W

 324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 86 86 0 48 73 43 20 W 43 30

325 Chemicals 8,530 8,530 60 1,611 6,759 3,035 65 W 1,352 45

 325110 Petrochemicals 44 44 W 20 33 33 0 0 22 9

 325120 Industrial Gases 427 427 0 59 203 54 0 0 49 W

 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 511 511 9 201 412 206 8 W 153 0

 325193 Ethyl Alcohol 211 211 0 69 200 44 10 0 52 0

 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 69 69 0 22 44 20 0 0 13 0

 325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 518 518 W 218 457 293 10 0 207 10

 325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 844 844 Q 164 687 403 Q 0 158 8

 325212 Synthetic Rubber 85 85 0 22 73 40 W 0 20 0

 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 89 89 3 16 73 40 5 0 12 0

 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 133 133 W 30 120 22 0 0 25 W

 325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 57 57 W 28 34 18 W 0 19 0

 3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 1,199 1,199 0 182 952 231 W 0 75 0

 325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 601 601 0 119 516 73 W 0 51 0

 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 121 121 W 10 106 29 0 0 11 0

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 8,217 8,217 0 661 6,276 4,657 W 0 1,234 0

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 12,184 12,174 Q 4,217 7,450 4,062 177 14 1,882 0

 327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 446 446 W 190 407 226 17 0 148 0

 327211 Flat Glass 50 50 0 35 47 37 W 0 32 0

 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 194 194 0 24 174 49 0 0 38 0

 327213 Glass Containers 59 59 0 42 59 43 0 0 23 0

 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 683 683 W 54 513 326 W 0 112 0

 327310 Cements 189 189 4 135 81 49 85 8 85 0

 327410 Lime 83 83 0 50 45 17 44 W 32 0

 327420 Gypsum 122 122 0 61 72 82 0 0 22 0

 327993 Mineral Wool 186 186 W 35 139 86 0 W 28 0

331 Primary Metals 3,138 3,129 10 915 2,723 1,769 69 95 906 W

 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 345 345 W 165 314 164 38 20 167 10

 3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 470 470 0 145 348 321 Q 0 173 0

 3313 Alumina and Aluminum 383 374 4 118 357 212 0 0 108 W

 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 96 96 0 34 85 46 0 0 17 0

 331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 57 57 0 21 55 37 0 0 20 W

 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 191 182 W 32 181 111 0 0 51 0

 3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 662 662 0 126 517 341 8 17 161 0

 331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 108 108 0 30 96 79 W 3 35 0

 3315 Foundries 1,278 1,278 W 362 1,187 731 12 58 296 5

 331511 Iron Foundries 320 320 W 196 305 216 12 58 107 5

 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die-Casting Foundaries 254 254 0 29 230 135 0 0 75 0

 331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die-Casting 268 268 W 40 246 162 0 0 64 0

332 Fabricated Metal Products 36,439 36,439 0 3,697 24,831 15,762 W 0 5,740 0

333 Machinery 15,307 15,307 Q 1,027 11,626 6,466 W 0 2,026 0

334 Computer and Electronic Products 6,831 6,831 W 504 4,591 1,487 0 0 677 0

 334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 388 388 W 95 293 65 0 0 44 0

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 3,298 3,298 0 244 2,332 1,090 0 W 431 0

336 Transportation Equipment 6,603 6,603 6 1,042 5,193 3,449 6 W 1,245 0

 336111 Automobiles 44 44 0 30 43 23 W 0 22 0

 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 37 37 0 28 33 22 W 0 26 0

 3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 1,063 1,063 W 139 839 461 0 0 191 0

 336411 Aircraft 293 293 W Q 247 65 0 0 Q 0

337 Furniture and Related Products 7,913 7,913 0 Q 4,511 3,274 W 0 539 0
339 Miscellaneous 13,001 12,906 W 552 8,289 2,777 0 0 480 0

Total 175,107 174,860 743 21,774 117,852 63,655 549 129 22,572 100

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The derived estimates presented in this table are for the first use (formerly primary consumption) of energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or 

raw material inputs. First use is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced from the 

electrolysis of brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; wood chips, bark, and wood waste from wood purchased as a raw material input; and waste materials, such as wastepaper and packing materials. First use excludes 

quantities of energy that are produced from other energy inputs and, therefore, avoids double counting. 

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-846, '2014 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.' 

 (g) 'Other' includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to produce heat and power or as feedstock/raw material inputs. 

 (h) 'Shipments of Energy Sources Produced Onsite' are those shipments produced or transformed onsite from the nonfuel use of other energy sources. For example, at an establishment that processes coal to make coke for later use, 

the entire quantity of coal is counted as first use. Any onsite consumption of coke is not counted as first use because it would duplicate the coal use. If some of the coke is then sold to another establishment, then that second 

establishment will consider this coke to be a shipment of an offsite-produced energy source. Hence, the second establishment will count this coke as its first use, thereby resulting in double counting. In order to eliminate the double 

counting, the energy equivalent of the coke shipment must be subtracted from first use. 

 * Estimate less than 0.5.

 W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

 Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

 NA=Not available.

 (f) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids '(HGL)' include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane-propane mixtures, propane-butane mixtures, and isobutane produced at refineries or natural gas processing plants, 

including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL). 

 (a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

 (b) 'Any Energy Source' represents the non-duplicative total of establishments identified with any of the listed energy sources. This count includes only those establishments that reported this activity in 2014.

 (c) 'Net Electricity' is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred out. It does not include electricity inputs from onsite cogeneration or 

generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been included as generating fuel (for example, coal).

 (d) 'Distillate Fuel Oil' includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.

 (e) 'Natural Gas' includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, gas brokers, marketers, and any marketing subsidiaries of utilities.
Released: February 2018

Next MECS will be fielded in 2019

RSE Table 1.4 Relative Standard Errors for Table 1.4;

 Unit: Percents.

 

 

 

NAICS Code(a) Subsector and Industry

Any Energy 

Source(b)

Net 

Electricity(c)

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate Fuel 

Oil(d)

Natural 

Gas(e)

HGL (excluding 

natural gasoline)(f) Coal

Coke and 

Breeze Other(g)

Shipments of Energy 

Sources Produced 

Onsite(h)

Total United States

311 Food 0.0 0.2 30.8 11.9 3.7 9.6 2.2 0.1 15.7 4.2

 3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 0.0 0.1 31.6 11.6 4.2 14.8 4.5 X 12.6 4.2

 311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0

 31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 X

 3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 0.0 0.1 14.1 19.0 6.7 12.9 9.2 X 21.9 X

 3115 Dairy Product 0.0 0.1 23.7 18.7 4.9 17.4 7.1 X 18.6 X

 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 0.0 0.1 18.2 11.5 4.0 13.1 27.8 X 17.4 X

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 0.0 0.1 0.1 18.3 9.0 9.5 5.0 X 25.7 X

 3121 Beverages 0.0 0.1 X 19.7 9.4 9.8 7.0 X 27.5 X

 3122 Tobacco 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 X 0.1 X

313 Textile Mills 0.0 0.1 54.0 28.8 8.7 16.4 52.6 X 34.5 X

314 Textile Product Mills 0.0 0.1 16.9 42.4 16.9 32.2 30.5 X 51.3 X

315 Apparel 0.0 0.1 X 74.0 41.4 58.5 X X 41.8 X

316 Leather and Allied Products 0.0 0.1 70.4 21.3 13.3 22.9 X X 24.1 X

321 Wood Products 0.0 0.9 7.7 8.1 7.6 6.8 8.3 X 10.1 X

 321113 Sawmills 0.0 0.4 5.5 6.7 10.2 9.4 5.5 X 8.3 X

 3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 0.0 0.1 17.7 14.9 10.6 11.2 17.7 X 14.0 X

 321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.0 0.1 17.7 19.0 6.2 4.1 17.7 X 18.7 X

 3219 Other Wood Products 0.0 1.3 7.6 16.4 9.9 8.8 X X 18.3 X

322 Paper 0.0 0.1 0.7 14.5 5.5 12.7 0.8 X 12.2 X

 322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X

 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 X 0.1 X

 322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X

 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X

323 Printing and Related Support 0.0 0.1 52.1 38.7 5.6 16.1 X X 35.4 X

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 0.3 13.0 5.6 2.4 8.1 9.3 0.0 3.4 3.8

 324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 0.1 36.2 36.2 1.4 25.4 36.2 X 36.2 X

 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 0.0 0.3 13.9 5.1 3.2 13.7 X X 2.3 58.0

 324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 0.0 1.8 4.0 8.0 3.6 3.4 56.5 X 3.7 18.5

 324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

325 Chemicals 0.0 0.1 33.6 10.6 3.5 8.8 13.7 12.7 13.2 14.1

 325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 0.1 26.6 26.6 26.6 9.1 X X 26.6 26.6

 325120 Industrial Gases 0.0 0.1 X 40.2 18.0 39.7 X X 43.6 43.8

 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 0.0 0.1 12.7 18.9 8.7 18.2 22.6 12.7 20.5 X

 325193 Ethyl Alcohol 0.0 0.1 X 15.1 1.0 25.1 15.5 X 20.9 X

 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 X

 325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 0.0 0.1 12.4 17.1 6.3 11.4 21.8 X 17.5 12.4

 325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 0.0 0.1 59.3 14.0 5.6 11.4 53.7 X 17.9 8.1

 325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X

 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X

 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 0.0 0.1 22.9 24.5 2.6 26.4 X X 25.4 22.9

 325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X

 3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 0.0 0.1 X 16.2 6.7 25.4 13.9 X 17.3 X

 325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 0.0 0.1 X 22.8 5.7 22.9 13.9 X 23.5 X

 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0.0 0.1 25.5 25.5 6.3 35.7 X X 25.5 X

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 0.0 0.1 X 27.7 4.8 7.5 90.4 X 19.8 X

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 0.0 0.1 85.6 10.6 6.3 10.6 18.7 20.3 16.5 X

 327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 0.0 0.1 42.1 10.9 2.3 10.0 9.4 X 11.3 X

 327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X

 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 0.0 0.1 X 23.5 5.3 22.8 X X 41.9 X

 327213 Glass Containers 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 X

 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 0.0 0.1 80.6 11.4 8.0 13.6 82.3 X 26.6 X

 327310 Cements 0.0 0.1 31.9 14.2 32.2 32.0 31.9 33.3 32.2 X

 327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X

 327420 Gypsum 0.0 0.1 X 17.3 17.6 15.7 X X 17.3 X

 327993 Mineral Wool 0.0 0.1 62.8 25.6 14.6 27.8 X 24.9 28.8 X

331 Primary Metals 0.0 0.2 4.4 6.3 2.0 4.2 12.0 17.8 5.2 6.1

 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.1 3.3 3.6 0.3 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.3

 3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 0.0 0.1 X 22.4 10.9 8.0 68.6 X 15.9 X

 3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0.0 2.0 7.4 5.0 0.3 5.9 X X 8.9 21.4

 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 0.0 0.1 X 0.1 0.1 0.1 X X 0.1 X

 331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 0.1 X 21.4 0.7 11.8 X X 21.4 21.4

 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 0.0 4.1 10.0 11.7 0.6 10.6 X X 16.8 X

 3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 0.0 0.1 X 14.8 6.7 10.9 34.5 20.1 14.5 X

 331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0.0 0.1 X 37.4 4.8 13.7 37.4 37.4 37.4 X

 3315 Foundries 0.0 0.1 9.4 11.9 1.4 8.0 18.5 28.6 9.4 18.5

 331511 Iron Foundries 0.0 0.1 18.5 17.7 1.5 16.6 18.5 28.6 20.8 18.5

 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die-Casting Foundaries 0.0 0.1 X 18.5 2.3 12.1 X X 14.3 X

 331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die-Casting 0.0 0.1 7.9 28.7 1.4 6.5 X X 11.1 X

332 Fabricated Metal Products 0.0 0.1 X 19.0 4.5 7.5 4.5 X 14.8 X

333 Machinery 0.0 0.1 56.9 23.5 3.8 7.8 87.7 X 16.4 X

334 Computer and Electronic Products 0.0 0.1 11.6 28.7 7.1 18.9 X X 27.7 X

 334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 0.0 0.1 20.1 24.7 10.9 29.5 X X 20.1 X

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 0.0 0.1 X 37.3 8.8 18.4 X 9.9 30.3 X

336 Transportation Equipment 0.0 0.1 8.2 21.8 5.6 9.7 15.2 19.6 19.4 X

 336111 Automobiles 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X

 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X

 3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 0.0 0.1 11.4 30.9 6.8 13.8 X X 25.5 X

 336411 Aircraft 0.0 0.1 25.8 60.0 13.6 42.4 X X 50.6 X

337 Furniture and Related Products 0.0 0.1 X 50.3 8.6 11.5 59.6 X 33.4 X

339 Miscellaneous 0.0 0.7 6.0 35.5 6.2 15.8 X X 40.5 X

Total 0.0 0.1 22.0 4.9 1.6 2.8 8.6 13.3 5.1 6.5

 (a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 
 (d) 'Distillate Fuel Oil' includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.

 * Estimate less than 0.5.

 Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

 NA=Not available.

 X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a value of zero.

 -- Estimation is not applicable. Energy source is not included in series.

 (h) 'Shipments of Energy Sources Produced Onsite' are those shipments produced or transformed onsite from the nonfuel use of other energy sources. For example, at an establishment that processes coal to make coke for later use, the entire 

quantity of coal is counted as first use. Any onsite consumption of coke is not counted as first use because it would duplicate the coal use. If some of the coke is then sold to another establishment, then that second establishment will consider 

this coke to be a shipment of an offsite-produced energy source. Hence, the second establishment will count this coke as its first use, thereby resulting in double counting. In order to eliminate the double counting, the energy equivalent of the 

coke shipment must be subtracted from first use.

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The derived estimates presented in this table are for the first use (formerly primary consumption) of energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or raw 

material inputs. First use is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced from the electrolysis 

of brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; wood chips, bark, and wood waste from wood purchased as a raw material input; and waste materials, such as wastepaper and packing materials. First use excludes quantities of energy that 

are produced from other energy inputs and, therefore, avoids double counting.

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-846, '2014 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.'

 (b) 'Any Energy Source' represents the non-duplicative total of establishments identified with any of the listed energy sources. This count includes only those establishments that reported this activity in 2014.

 (c) 'Net Electricity' is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred out. It does not include electricity inputs from onsite cogeneration or 

generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been included as generating fuel (for example, coal).

 (e) 'Natural Gas' includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, gas brokers, marketers, and any marketing subsidiaries of utilities.

 (f) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids '(HGL)' include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane-propane mixtures, propane-butane mixtures, and isobutane produced at refineries or natural gas processing plants, including 

plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL). 

 (g) 'Other' includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to produce heat and power or as feedstock/raw material inputs.