|Figure on manufacturing production indexes and purchased energy consumption*Source: Energy Information Administration and Federal Reserve Board.* | **History of Shipments**
    This chart presents indices of 14 years (1980-1994) of historical
    data of manufacturing production indexes and Purchased (**Offsite-Produced**)
    Energy consumption, using 1992 as the base year (1992 = 100). Indexing both energy
    consumption and production best illustrates the trends in output and consumption. **Taken
    separately, these two indices track the relative growth rates within the specified
    industry. Taken together, they reveal trends in energy efficiency**. For example, a
    steady increase in output, coupled with a decline in energy consumption, represents energy
    efficiency gains. Likewise, steadily rising energy consumption with a corresponding
    decline in output illustrates energy efficiency losses.
    The Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) supplied energy
    consumption data for 1985, 1988, 1991 and 1994. Energy consumption data for the
    intervening years were calculated using the methodology presented in the EIA publication *Derived
    Annual Estimates of Manufacturing Energy Consumption 1988-1994*. That report used
    two-way indexing as a means to linearly interpolate between the forward-index and
    backward-index estimates; that is, the two-way indexed estimate is the weighted average of
    the estimates obtained by forward and backward indexing, with higher weight given to the
    closer end-point year. The Federal Reserve provided production indexes. | 
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File Last Modified: 8/25/98

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