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This publication is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO). Ordering infor 

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or the EIA's National Energy Information Center (NEIC). Questions on energy statistics should be directed to the N'EIC. 

Addresses and telephone numbers appear below.

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Released for Printing November 18,1988
,S>*S*»^ DOE/EIA-0512(85)

Distribution Category UC-98

, %ifsy.

Manufacturing Energy

Consumption Survey:

Consumption of Energy, 1985

Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Markets and End Use

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and 

analytical agency within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should not be 

construed as advocating or necessarily reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or 

of any other organization.
Contacts

General information about Energy Information Administration data on energy consumption can be obtained from 

Lynda T. Carlson, Director of the Energy End Use Division (202/586-1112).

Specific information regarding the contents or preparation of this publication can be obtained from Dwight K. 

French, Chief of the Transportation and Industrial Branch (202/586-1126) or John L. Preston, Team Leader 

(202/586-1128). Robert K. Adler (202/586-1134) and Jean Paananen (202/586-1800) are the contacts for analysis and 

table preparation. Hattie Ramseur (202/586-1124) is the contact for related energy consumption publications.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1M5
Contents

 Page 

Introduction ................................................................ 1

Surveying the Manufacturing Sector ............................................... 3

Measures of Energy Consumption for Manufacturing Industries ........................ 3

Three Methods for Measuring Energy Use with MECS Data .......................... 4

Overview of the Findings ................................................... 5

Measuring Primary Energy Consumption Requires Careful Attention to the Ways Energy is

Consumed and Produced .................................................... 7

Total Fuel Consumption Measures Energy Consumed for Operations .................... 11

Estimates of Purchased Fuels and Electric Energy Continue a Bureau of the Census Data Series 12

Detailed Statistics Tables ....................................................... 15

Appendices

A. Survey Design, Implementation and Estimates .................................. 55

Introduction ......................................................... 55

Description of the Manufacturing Sector ..................................... 55

The Sampling Frame and Its Relationship to the Manufacturing Sector ................ 56

Sample Design ........................................................ 56

Fieldwork, Editing, and Quality Control ..................................... 57

Development of the Data File ............................................. 57

The Estimation Process ................................................. 58

Consumption for Nonfuel Purposes at Refineries ................................ 58

Survey Estimates ...................................................... 59

The Heat Content of Energy ............................................. 61

B. Quality of the Data ..................................................... 65

Introduction ......................................................... 65

Sampling Error ....................................................... 65

Nonsampling Errors and Bias ............................................. 67

Comparison with Other Data Sources ....................................... 68

C. Energy Consumption Survey Form ......................................... 101

D. Descriptions of Industry Groups and Selected Industries .......................... 105

E. Map of U.S. Census Regions .............................................. Ill

F. Related Publications on Energy Consumption .................................. 115

Industrial Sector ...................................................... 115

Commercial Sector ..................................................... 115

Residential Sector ..................................................... 116

Residential Transportation Sector .......................................... 117

Cross-Sector ......................................................... 117

Planned Publications for 1989 ............................................. 117

Glossary .................................................................. 119

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Tables

Page

1. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by Census Region, Industry Group,

and Selected Industries, 1985 .............................................. 17

2. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by Economic Characteristics of the

Establishment, 1985 .................................................... 23

3. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by Census Region, In 

dustry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985 ................................... 24

4. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by Economic Charac 

teristics of the Establishment, 1985 ......................................... 30

5. Total Primary Consumption of Combustible Energy for Nonfuel Purposes by Census Re 

gion, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985 ............................. 31

6. Total Primary Consumption of Combustible Energy for Nonfuel Purposes by Economic

Characteristics of the Establishment, 1985 .................................... 34

7. Total Consumption of Offsite-Produced Energy for Heat and Power by Census Region, In 

dustry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985 ................................... 35

8. Total Consumption of Offsite-Produced Energy for Heat and Power by Economic Charac 

teristics of the Establishment, 1985 ......................................... 38

9. Electricity Cogeneration by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985 . 39

10. Selected Operating Ratios for Total Energy Consumption for Heat and Power by Census

Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985 ........................... 40

11. Selected Operating Ratios for Total Energy Consumption for Heat and Power by Economic

Characteristics of the Establishment, 1985 .................................... 43

12. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Types of Energy by Census Region, Industry Group,

and Selected Industries, 1985 .............................................. 44

13. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Types of Energy by Economic Characteristics of the

Establishment, 1985 .................................................... 50

14. Shell Storage Capacity of Selected Petroleum Products by Industry Group and Selected In 

dustries, 1985 ......................................................... 51

15. Shell Storage Capacity of Selected Petroleum Products by Economic Characteristics of the

Establishment, 1985 .................................................... 51

Bl. Relative Standard Errors for Table 1, Parts 1 and 2 of Detailed Statistics Section ........ 70

B2. Relative Standard Errors for Table 2 of Detailed Statistics Section .................. 73

B3. Relative Standard Errors for Table 3 of Detailed Statistics Section .................. 74

B4. Relative Standard Errors for Table 4 of Detailed Statistics Section .................. 80

B5. Relative Standard Errors for Table 5 of Detailed Statistics Section .................. 81

B6. Relative Standard Errors for Table 6 of Detailed Statistics Section .................. 84

B7. Relative Standard Errors for Table 7 of Detailed Statistics Section .................. 85

B8. Relative Standard Errors for Table 8 of Detailed Statistics Section .................. 87

B9. Relative Standard Errors for Table 9 of Detailed Statistics Section .................. 88

BIO. Relative Standard Errors for Table 10 of Detailed Statistics Section .................. 89

Bll. Relative Standard Errors for Table 11 of Detailed Statistics Section .................. 92

B12. Relative Standard Errors for Table 12, Parts 1 and 2, of Detailed Statistics Section ....... 93

B13. Relative Standard Errors for Table 13 of Detailed Statistics Section .................. 95

B14. Relative Standard Errors for Table 14 of Detailed Statistics Section .................. 96

B15. Relative Standard Errors for Table 15 of Detailed Statistics Section .................. 96

B16. Estimates of 1985 Consumption of Major Types of Energy in the Industrial Sector ....... 97

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Illustrations

Page

1. Indices of Industrial Energy Consumption and Industrial Production for 1974 Through 1985 1

2. Total 1985 U.S. Consumption of Energy by End-Use Sector ....................... 2

3. Energy Consumption in the Manufacturing Sector for 1985 ........................ 6

4. Primary Consumption of Other Energy by Manufacturers in 1985 ................... 8

5. Primary Consumption of Energy by Selected Manufacturing Industries in 1985.......... 9

6. Primary Consumption of Energy by Manufacturers in Census Regions for 1985 .......... 10

7. Total Consumption by Manufacturing of Energy Produced Offsite (Comparison of 1981 and

 1985 by Region) ...................................................... 13

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Introduction

In recent years, industrial consumption of energy in 

the United States has been declining despite increasing 

industrial output (Figure 1). Nevertheless, total net en 

ergy consumption by the entire industrial sector was 

20.4 quadrillion Btu (quads) in 1985, which was 37 per 

cent of the U.S. total for the residential, commercial, 

transportation, and industrial sectors 1 (Figure 2). A

clearer understanding of how energy is used in the 

industrial sector can help the Nation anticipate how 

future expansion of and change in the U.S. industrial 

base might affect future energy requirements. The Man 

ufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) is 

designed to contribute to this understanding.

Figure 1. Indices of Industrial Energy Consumption and Industrial Production for 1974 

Through 1985

X

<D

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

1 i

74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85

Sources: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1987 (Washington. DC. 1986). Ta 

ble 1311, and the Energy Information Administration, Monthlv Energ\ Review, November 1987, DOE/EIA 0035 

(87/11) (Washington, DC. February 1988), Table 2.4.

'The "industrial sector" consists of manufacturing, mining, construction, agriculture, fishing, and forestry activities.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
This report, the first of a series based on the 1985 

MECS, provides a comprehensive description of en 

ergy consumption by manufacturing industries in the 

United States. The MECS is the first survey conducted 

by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to 

collect detailed data on energy use by manufacturing 

industries. The MECS does not include energy con 

sumption by mining, agriculture, construction, and 

electric utilities. Energy consumption by manufactur 

ers is approximately 80 percent of the consumption of 

the entire industrial sector.

The 1985 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

was conducted under the authority of the Federal En 

ergy Administration Act of 1974, Public Law 93-275, 

as amended. Subsequent surveys will be conducted ev 

ery 3 years under the authority of Section 310(a) of

the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986, Pub 

lic Law 99-509. The Industry Division of the Bureau 

of the Census serves as EIA's collection and compiling 

agent for the MECS. All reports submitted to the Bu 

reau of the Census are confidential under the provisions 

of Section 9, Title 13, of the U.S. Code.

The MECS data base provides the necessary informa 

tion to estimate the use of energy for the heat, power, 

and electricity generation. The use of fuels (such as 

crude oil and natural gas) as raw material input to man 

ufacturing processes is also covered in the survey. This 

publication presents these basic energy consumption 

estimates along with statistics on the cogeneration of 

electricity, fuel storage capabilities, and prices manu 

facturers paid for energy. Estimates of fuel-switching 

capabilities will be presented in a separate EIA report.

Figure 2. Total 1985 U.S. Consumption of Energy by End-Use Sector

Industrial 

20.4 (37%)

Residential

and Commercial

14.9 (27%)

Transportation 

20.1 (36%)

Total U.S. Consumption: 55.4 Quads

Note- Electrical energy losses are not included.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, November 1987, DOE/EIA-0035 (87/11) 

(Washington, DC, February 1988), Table 2.2

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Surveying the Manufacturing Sector

The Manufacturing Sector Consists of 

Business Establishments that Produce 

Goods

The manufacturing sector is composed of establish 

ments that transform material or substances into new 

products using mechanical or chemical processes. 

These products may be final products that consumers 

will purchase, such as an automobile or a chair. Man 

ufacturers also produce intermediate goods that will 

be used by other manufacturers, such as parts for au 

tomobile engines or rolls of upholstery fabric.

An establishment is generally at a single location and 

is often referred to as a plant, factory, or mill. It ordi 

narily uses power-driven machines and equipment for 

handling materials. A manufacturing establishment 

may also assemble components or perform blending 

operations. Electric utilities, mining operations, agri 

culture, and construction are not included in the man 

ufacturing sector.

Establishments are classified into industry categories 

based the system of Standard Industrial Classification 

(SIC) developed by the Office of Management and 

Budget.2 Each establishment is placed in a category 

associated with the type of good it produces. If an 

establishment manufactures more than one type of 

good, it will be classified according to its primary prod 

uct. An establishment, for example, that is primarily 

engaged in manufacturing paper from wood pulp, and 

also manufactures paperboard, would be classified in 

the paper mill industry (SIC 2621). It would not be 

classified in the paperboard mill industry (SIC 2631).

MECS Samples Establishments in All 

the Major Manufacturing Groups and 

the Most Energy-Intensive Industries.

The estimates in this report are based on data collected 

from a carefully designed sample of manufacturing es 

tablishments. Several important considerations were 

included in the criteria for the design of the sample. 

First, the sampling procedures ensured that all manu 

facturing establishments were represented. Also, the 

size of the sample in each industry group was controlled

so that the error levels of the survey estimates would 

be similar for each group.

The MECS sample was selected as a subset of the mail 

sample for the Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM), 

conducted by the Bureau of the Census. The ASM 

mail sample is comprised of 56,000 manufacturing es 

tablishments drawn from the approximately 225,000 

establishments in the Census of Manufactures mail file. 

A sample of about 12,000 establishments from the ASM 

was used for MECS. (See Appendix A for a detailed 

discussion of the procedures followed to determine the 

MECS sample.) Establishments were selected from 

each of the 20 major industry groups (two-digit SIC 

code) that make up the manufacturing sector. In addi 

tion, establishments were selected from the 10 specific 

industries (four-digit SIC code) that historically have 

consumed the most energy. Appendix D contains a 

description of these 30 groups.

This report presents estimates of energy use for selected 

groups of manufacturing industries. These estimates 

are based on data that MECS collects from individual 

manufacturing establishments. The data that have been 

collected are the amounts of energy the establishment 

uses for all its operations. The energy use estimates 

reported in this publication are the total amounts of 

energy used by all establishments within a group. No 

estimates are provided for the amount of energy used 

to manufacture a specific product. In the example men 

tioned earlier, all energy consumed by the paper mill 

establishment would be included as consumption for 

the paper mill industry. The energy that the establish 

ment consumed to produce paperboard, which was 

not the establishment's primary product, would also 

be included in the energy consumption that was as 

signed to the paper mill industry.

Measures of Energy

Consumption for 

Manufacturing Industries

Measuring energy consumption in most sectors of the 

economy is relatively straightforward. For example, a

2Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1972 (Washington, DC, 1982),

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
household will consume energy to heat its living area, 

cook its food, run its appliances, and so on. All of the 

energy that comes into the housing units is used up 

and is considered consumption.

The use of energy by manufacturing industries is much 

more complex. Most of the energy is actually con 

sumed, but some may be transformed into other prod 

ucts (including other fuels), and useful energy may be 

produced as a byproduct during some manufacturing 

processes. To deal with this complexity, three methods 

for measuring energy consumption are considered in 

this report (see box below).

 The first measure is primary energy consumption, 

which is the total energy requirements (including 

raw material inputs) of manufacturing industries 

necessary to produce nonenergy goods.

 The second measure is total fuel consumption--the 

total amount of energy used to produce heat and 

power and to generate electricity. Total fuel use dif 

fers from primary consumption in that it does not 

include raw material (feedstock) inputs.

 The third measure is total purchased fuels and elec 

tricity used to produce heat and power and to gen 

erate electricity. This measures the amount of en 

ergy purchased from of/site sources that is con 

sumed for heat, power, and electricity generation. 

It does not include byproduct fuels used in the 

manufacturing process, which are included in to 

tal fuel use.

This report also provides statistics on total primary 

consumption used specifically for nonfuel purposes 

that is, as feedstock or raw material input.

Total primary energy consumption for manufacturing 

industries was 17.5 quads in 1985 (Figure 3). Of this 

amount, 5.0 quads were consumed as raw material in 

puts for nonfuel purposes. Total fuel consumption was 

13.6 quads, while total purchased fuels and electricity 

consumption was 9.7 quads. (The sum of total fuel con 

sumption and raw material inputs is greater than total 

primary consumption. Some byproduct fuels are ob 

tained from raw material inputs that are included in

Three Methods for Measuring Energy Use with MECS Data

1. Total Primary Energy Consumption was 17.5 quadrillion Btu (quads) in 1985. This is the total amount of 

energy required to produce nonenergy goods. It is composed of:

13.6 quads of Total Fuel Consumption, the total amount of energy used to produce heat and power 

and to generate electricity, plus

5.0 quads of raw material (feedstock) inputs, less

1.1 quads of byproduct fuels resulting from raw material energy inputs that were counted in total fuel 

consumption.

2. Total Fuel Consumption was 13.6 quads in 1985. This is the total amount of energy required to produce 

heat and power and to generate electricity by manufacturers. It is composed of:

9.7 quads of Total Purchased Fuels and Electricity used to produce heat and power and to generate 

electricity, plus

1.1 quads of fuels that are byproducts of the manufacturing process, resulting from the use of energy 

products used as raw material inputs (these fuels include blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and chemical 

byproducts), plus

2.8 quads of fuels that are byproducts of the manufacturing process, resulting from the use of nonenergy 

inputs (these fuels include wood chips and wood waste, pulping liquor, chemical byproducts, still gas, 

and petroleum coke).

3. Total Purchased Fuels and Electricity was 9.7 quads in 1985. These are offsite-produced fuels and electric 

energy used by manufacturers to produce heat and power and to generate electricity. This measure 

of consumption is comparable to the ASM measure of Purchased Fuels and Electric Energy obtained in 

earlier supplements to the ASM.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
total fuel consumption. See below for a further discus 

sion of this point.) A more detailed discussion of these 

measures of energy consumption, as well as a summary 

of some of the findings of the MECS, are contained in 

the next section. The tables in the report provide de 

tailed consumption estimates for each of these mea 

sures. A summary of some of the most important esti 

mates are presented in Table SI.

Overview of the Findings

erate electricity, and used as raw material input for 

manufacturing processes. Energy sources used as ma 

terial inputs to manufacturing processes accounted for 

5.0 quads, or 29 percent of the total.

In this report, the term primary energy consumption has 

a specific meaning. It is the total amount of energy 

consumed to produce nonenergy goods. Raw material 

inputs (such as crude oil) that are used to manufacture 

fuel products (such as gasoline) are not included in 

primary consumption. These fuels are included in the 

consumption statistics of the economic sector that ul 

timately consumes the fuels. Counting them in the con 

sumption of the manufacturing sector would result in 

double counting.

First Measure of Consumption

Total Primary Energy Consumption for 

All Purposes by the Manufacturing 

Sector Exceeds 17 Quads in 1985

During 1985, the total primary energy consumption by 

the manufacturing industries was 17.5 quads. This en 

ergy was used to produce heat and power and to genMeasuring primary consumption by manufacturing in 

dustries is complicated by the many ways energy is 

used and transformed to produce goods. For example, 

fuels may be produced as a byproduct of a manufac 

turing process, and then consumed onsite. To ensure 

that there is no double counting incurred in measuring 

primary consumption, each manufacturing process is 

carefully considered to ensure that energy use is 

counted only once. (See the box on page 7 for a further 

discussion of the procedures followed to measure pri 

mary energy consumption.)

Table S1. Summary of Energy Consumption Measures for the Manufacturing 

Sector, 1985

(Quadrillion Btu)

Type of Consumption 

and Selected Industries

Total

Quads Percent

Electricity Fuel Oil Natural Gas Coal Other8

Primary Energy Consumption" 

Paper and Allied Products ..............

Chemicals and Allied Products ......

Petroleum and Coal Products ........

Primary Metals..................................

All Other Manufacturing Industries 

Total ...................................................

Fuel Consumption to Produce Heat, Power, and

Electricity" 

Paper and Allied Products ...................................

Chemicals and Allied Products ...........................

Petroleum and Coal Products .............................

Primary Metals .......................................................

All Other Manufacturing Industries .....................

Total ........................................................................

Purchased Fuels and Electricity to Produce Heat, Power,

and Electricity 

Paper and Allied Products ..................................................

Chemicals and Allied Products ..........................................

Petroleum and Coal Products ............................................

Primary Metals ......................................................................

All Other Manufacturing Industries ....................................

Total .......................................................................................

2.21

3.57

5.12

2.63

3.99

17.52

2.20

2.41

2.63

2.39

3.99

13.62

1.34

2.17

0.92

1.54

3.72

9.69

12.6

20.4

29.2

15.0

22.8

100.0

16.2

17.7

19.3

17.5

29.3

100.0

13.8

22.4

9.5

15.9

38.4

100.0

0.18

0.41

0.11

0.48

0.99

2.17

0.17

0.40

0.11

0.47

0.99

2.11

0.19

0.43

0.12

0.48

1.01

2.23

0.17

0.13

0.14

0.05

0.27

0.76

W

0.09 

0.12 

0.05

W 

0.69

0.17

0.09

0.02

0.05

0.26

0.59

0.41

1.68

0.72

0.69

1.67

5.17

0.40

1.19

0.72

0.69

1.66

4.66

0.40

1.15

0.70

0.69

1.66

4.60

0.31

0.33

0.01

1.13

0.60

2.38

0.34

0.35

0.01

0.09

0.64

1.43

0.34

0.33

0.01

0.09

0.66

1.42

1.15 

1.02 

C 4.16 

0.27 

0.44 

7.05

W

0.38 

1.67 

1.09

W 

4.73

0.28

0.20

0.06

0.22

0.09

0.85

a "Other" includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed.

b Includes feedstocks; does not include byproduct fuels.

c Includes feedstocks and raw materials for the production of nonenergy products, such as asphalt, regardless of the type of energy.

d Includes byproduct energy.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manu 

facturing Energy Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Figure 3. Energy Consumption in the Manufacturing Sector for 1985

20

O 

= 10

I 6

Primary Consumption of Energy 

for All Purposes

17.5

Primary Consumption of Energy 

for Nonfuel Purposes

5.04

263

Total Net Residual Distillate Natural Liquefied Coal Coke "Other" Total Net Residual Distillate Natural Liquefied Coal Coke "Other

Electricity Gas Petroleum Electricity Gas Petroleum

Gas Gas

Note: The sum of "Fuel Consumption" and "Primary Energy Consumption for Nonfuel Purposes" does not 

equal "Total Primary Energy Consumption for All Purposes." Some nonfuel consumption results in byproduct 

fuels which are included in "Fuel Consumption."

Fuel Consumption for Heat, Power 

and Electricity Generation

Consumption of Energy Produced Offsite 

and Consumed Onsite for Heat and Power

Total Net Residual Distillate Natural Liquefied Coal Coke "Other" 

Electricity Gas Petroleum 

Gas

Total Purchased Residual Distillate Natural Liquefied Coal Coke "Other" 

Electricity Gas Petroleum 

Gas

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, 

Form EIA-846 (F), "1985 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey."

Natural gas was the type of energy most intensively 

used as a fuel or raw material input in 1985. It accounted 

for 5.2 quads, or 30 percent of total primary energy 

consumption in the manufacturing sector. This amount 

corresponds to about 5.0 thousand cubic feet. Most of 

the natural gas was consumed as a fuel, with nonfuel 

consumption accounting for only 0.5 quads.

Coal was the next most heavily consumed fuel by the 

manufacturing sector in 1985. It accounted for 2.4 

quads, 14 percent of total primary consumption. This

amount corresponds to about 98 million tons of coal. 

Nearly 40 percent of the coal consumption was as a 

raw material input for the production of coke by the 

blast furnace and steel mill industry.

"Net" electricity consumption came next, accounting 

for 2.2 quads, or 12 percent of primary consumption. 

( "Net" electricity consumption excludes electricity 

that was generated or cogenerated onsite using fuels 

as inputs.)

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Measuring Primary Energy Consumption Requires Careful 

Attention to the Ways Energy is Consumed and Produced

Energy transformations occur throughout the manufacturing sector. Care must be taken in measuring pri 

mary energy consumption to ensure that all energy use is accounted for, and that no double counting occurs. 

Some important situations that affect measurement of primary energy consumption are electricity generation 

by manufacturing establishments, byproduct fuels from manufacturing processes, and energy inputs to 

refineries. The approaches taken for these situations are discussed in the following paragraphs.

Whether or not electricity generated by an establishment is included in primary consumption depends upon 

the method used to generate it. If a combustible fuel (such as coal or natural gas) is used, the electricity is 

not counted in primary consumption, but the fuel consumed to generate it is counted. When the electricity 

is generated from a renewable resource (such as hydropower or wind) it is included in primary consumption, 

because the energy content of the renewable resource cannot be measured.

Steel mills and coke plants use coal as a raw material input for coking and may purchase fuels to fire blast 

furnaces and coke ovens. These energy uses are counted as primary consumption. Blast furnace gas and 

coke oven gas, which are byproducts of the coking and steelmaking operations, may also be consumed 

onsite. This consumption is not included in primary consumption because the energy content of these gases 

has already been counted by including the energy content of the coal.

The wood used in pulp and paper plants is not considered to be an energy input and is not included in 

primary consumption. However, wood chips, bark, and other wood waste are produced in preparing the 

wood for pulping. Also, chemical pulping produces a residue known as black liquor or pulping liquor. All 

of these byproducts are commonly consumed as fuels in these plants. The energy content of the byproduct 

fuels that are burned onsite is included in primary consumption.

Petroleum is a closely monitored and strategically important part of the U.S. energy economy. It is essential 

that all petroleum use be accounted for in a consistent manner. Much of the output of petroleum refineries 

is sold to other consumers as fuels. Consequently, measuring consumption of refineries based on crude oil 

and other unfinished petroleum inputs is not feasible. Instead, MECS deals with petroleum consumption by 

focusing on the product outputs from refining, all of which have a measurable energy content. Most refinery 

products (such as gasoline, fuel oil, or kerosene) are produced to be shipped offsite for use as fuels by others. 

These products are not counted as primary consumption by refineries, except for the relatively small quan 

tities that are used by refineries themselves as fuel. These products are counted as primary consumption in 

the sectors that receive and consume them.

Still gas, petroleum coke, and other byproducts that result from refining and are consumed onsite are 

counted as primary consumption at refineries. In addition, some goods produced by refineries are not used 

as fuels by their consumers. These products include asphalt, waxes, lubricants, and solvents. The energy 

content of these products is counted as primary consumption for refineries and is included in the "other" 

energy category.

Petroleum products such as liquefied petroleum gases 

(LPG), residual fuel oil, and distillate fuel oil were less 

important in the manufacturing sector in 1985 for pri 

mary consumption. (Petroleum is, of course, a signifi 

cant raw material input for refining industries, but this 

use is not included in primary consumption.) Alto 

gether, these products accounted for approximately 

1.6 quads, or less than 9 percent of the total primary

consumption of energy for all purposes. The most heav 

ily consumed of the three was LPG, which accounted 

for 0.8 quads. Nearly 90 percent of the LPG was con 

sumed as a raw material input.

The category labeled "other" comprises the remaining 

fuels used by manufacturing industries. "Other" fuels 

accounted for approximately 6.0 quads of total primary

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
consumption in 1985 (Figure 4). This category repre 

sents a large portion (34 percent) of primary consump 

tion; it is composed of a variety of miscellaneous fuels 

and raw material inputs whose use is too scattered to 

be reported individually, including large amounts of:

 Wood waste and pulping liquor consumed by the 

lumber and by the paper and allied products in 

dustries

 Byproduct fuels derived from the processing of 

crude oil and other unfinished oils at petroleum 

refinereis that were consumed onsite

 Petroleum products which are refined from crude 

oil and other inputs, but which are not consumed 

for their energy content (such as asphalt, waxes, 

lubricants, and solvents.

Petroleum Refining and Chemical 

Industries Account for Nearly 50 

Percent of Primary Energy 

Consumption

The petroleum and coal products industry was the sin 

gle largest consumer of primary energy in 1985, ac 

counting for 5.1 quads (Figure 5). The chemical and 

allied products industry was second, with 3.6 quads. 

Together, those two industries had a total primary con 

sumption of 8.7 quads, 49 percent of the total primary 

consumption by the manufacturing sector.

Figure 4. Primary Consumption of Other Energy by Manufacturers in 1985

o

(0

O 3

5.97

Total Lumber Paper Chemicals Petroleum All Other Mfg.

Note: "Other" Energy consists of all types of energy besides net electricity, residual and distillate fuel oils, 

natural gas, LPG, coal and coke and breeze.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use 

Division, Form EIA-846 (F). "1985 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Figure 5. Primary Consumption of Energy by Selected Manufacturing Industries in 1985

Total Manufacturing

Petrol. & Coal Prod.

Chemicals & Products

Primary Metals

Paper and Products

Food Products • 1.0

Stone, Clay & Glass • 0.9

All Other Mfg.

17.5

2.1

10 15 

Quadrillion Btu

20 25

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division. 

Form EIA-846 (F), "1985 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey."

The third largest industry, in terms of primary con 

sumption, was the primary metals industry, which con 

sumed 2.6 quads. Within that industry, blast furnaces 

and steel mills consumed 1.9 quads, and primary pro 

duction of aluminum required 0.2 quads.

Paper and allied products was the fourth largest, with 

2.2 quads. This industry consists of establishments that 

produce pulp, paper, and paperboard, as well as con 

tainers and building paper.

Food processing in the United States required 1.0 

quads in 1985, as did the stone, clay, and glass products

industry. All other industries combined consumed 2.1 

quads.

South Census Region Leads Nation in 

Primary Energy Consumption

The South Census Region, consisting of 16 States and 

the District of Columbia (see map in Appendix E), 

accounted for nearly 9.1 quads of primary energy con 

sumption in 1985 (Figure 6). That consumption repre 

sented nearly 52 percent of the Nation's total primary 

consumption. Of that total, 3.0 quads, or 33 percent, 

were consumed consumed as a raw material input. The

Crwrfy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 19*5
Figure 6. Primary Consumption of Energy by Manufacturers in Census Regions for 1985

1 o

Northeast Midwest South West

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, 

Form EIA-846 (F), "1985 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey."

Total 

Natural Gas

Net Electricity 

Coal and Coke

Petroleum Products 

| | "Other"

percent of total primary consumption as a raw material 

input is slightly higher in the South than in the entire 

United States because of the heavy concentration of 

petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants in Lou 

isiana, Texas, and Oklahoma.

The South Census Region also leads the Nation in the 

total consumption of natural gas with 2.7 quads, or 53 

percent of 1985 U.S. total primary consumption. The 

Mid west Census Region consumed 1.4 quads of natural 

gas, and the Northeast and West regions accounted for 

an additional 0.5 quads each.

In addition, the South Census Region consumed 

greater quantities of petroleum products (LPG, distil 

late, and residual fuel oil) than all of the rest of the 

Nation combined. The total consumption of these prod 

ucts was 0.9 quads, or 58 percent of the total. Of these 

0.9 quads, however, 0.6 quads are the LPG, which is 

heavily consumed as a raw material input by the pet 

rochemical industry.

10 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Second Measure of Consumption

Total Fuel Consumption (for Producing 

Heat and Power and Generating 

Electricity) was Nearly 14 Quads in 

1985

The second measure of energy consumption considered 

in analyzing the MECS findings is total fuel consump 

tion, the amount of energy used to produce heat and 

power and to generate electricity during manufactur 

ing operations (see box below). Energy consumed for 

these purposes is often referred to as "fuel" use, even 

though it includes the consumption of purchased elec 

tricity and steam, which are not combustible and, there 

fore, are not technically fuels. Total fuel consumption, 

excludes energy that is used as feedstock or raw mate 

rial inputs to the production process. In 1985, total fuel 

consumption for manufacturing industries totaled 13.6 

quads. Total fuel consumption measures the energy re 

quired to operate machinery, to fire boilers, and to 

conduct all other operations that take place at the man 

ufacturing site (including activities incidental to the 

manufacturing process, such as heating, lighting build 

ings, and fueling onsite vehicles). Fuel use for these 

operations occurs not only through primary consump 

tion of energy, but also through consumption of various 

fuels produced onsite as byproducts.

Byproduct energy accounted for a substantial amount 

of total fuel consumption. The MECS recognizes two 

types of byproduct fuels: (1) those resulting from the 

use of other energy inputs (2) those resulting from the 

use of nonenergy inputs.

The paper and allied products industry consumed 0.7 

quads of byproduct energy, most of which was pulping 

liquor, wood chips, bark, and wood waste. These fuels 

originate from the wood used in the pulping process, 

which is not counted in the MECS as a primary energy 

input, as discussed above.

The petroleum refining industry is also a heavy con 

sumer of byproduct fuels. Most of these fuels originate 

from crude oil and consist primarily of still gas and 

petroleum coke. Because the crude oil consumed by 

petroleum refineries is excluded in the MECS, those 

fuels are classified as resulting from nonenergy inputs. 

Still gas, consisting of a mixture of methane, hydrogen, 

ethane, and other light gasses (see Glossary), is the 

principal byproduct fuel produced at petroleum refin 

eries. In 1985, still gas accounted for 1.2 quads, or ap 

proximately 45 percent of the total fuel requirements 

of refineries.

Finally, the blast furnace and steel mill industry is also 

a heavy consumer of byproduct fuels. Coke oven gas, 

the dominant byproduct fuel in that industry, acTotal Fuel Consumption Measures Energy Consumed for

Operations

The energy used by manufacturing establishments to produce heat and power and to generate electricity 

is often referred to as total "fuel use." Total fuel consumption, used in this sense, includes selected electricity 

and steam consumption, although these are not combustible and so are not technically fuels. Total fuel 

consumption is a complete measure of energy consumption, because it measures all the energy required to 

carry out the manufacturing process, excluding the energy consumed as raw material input. As with primary 

consumption, total fuel consumption is estimated carefully to avoid double counting using procedures similar 

to those for measuring primary consumption.

The total fuel consumption of a manufacturing establishment can be met through primary consumption of 

energy as fuel and also through the consumption of onsite-produced byproduct fuels. These byproduct fuels 

result from the use of other energy inputs as raw materials. Combining both these types of consumption 

provides a measure of the total fuel requirements for manufacturing, regardless of the origin of the fuels.

Tables 1 and 2 in the report provide estimates of total primary energy consumption, while estimates of total 

fuel consumption appear in Table 3 and 4. Adding the fuel consumption estimates in Table 3 to the estimates 

of consumption for nonfuel purposes in Table 5 produces values that are greater than the primary consump 

tion estimates in Table 1. The difference represents the quantity of byproduct fuels produced from the 

consumption of other energy inputs.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 11
counted for 0.5 quads, or 28 percent of the total fuel 

requirements for the production of pig iron and steel. 

Coke oven gas results from the destructive distillation 

of coal and, therefore, represents energy produced 

from the consumption of another energy input.

Third Measure of Consumption

Total Purchased Fuels and Electricity 

Declined by 16 Percent Between 1981 

and 1985.

A third measure of energy consumption used in the 

MECS is the amount of fuels and electric energy that 

are purchased by the establishment. As with total fuel 

consumption, total purchased fuels and electricity in 

cludes fuels used to produce heat and power and to 

generate electricity, and it excludes raw material inputs. 

This measure corresponds to data collected and pub 

lished by the Bureau of the Census in conjunction with 

the ASM (see box below).

For 1981, the Bureau of the Census estimated that 11.6 

quads of purchased fuels and electric energy were con 

sumed by the manufacturing sector (Figure 7). Accord 

ing to the MECS, this consumption declined to 9.7 

quads in 1985, for a decrease of 1.9 quads, or 16.4 per 

cent. During the same time period, real output in U.S. 

manufacturing increased by 14.4 percent. This implies 

an improvement in purchased-fuel conservation of 

nearly 37 percent in the short space of 4 years.

The decrease in purchased energy consumption oc 

curred in all four Census regions. The greatest relative 

decrease occurred in the Northeast Region where total 

purchased consumption decreased 31 percent from 1.9 

to 1.3 quads from 1981 through 1985.

Significant changes also occurred in the types of energy 

purchased between 1981 and 1985. Residual fuel oil 

consumption recorded the greatest decline: from 120.8 

to 64.6 million barrels, a decrease of 47 percent. The 

consumption of coke and breeze declined from 14.8 to 

8.7 million short tons, a decrease of 41 percent. Natural 

gas declined from 5.4 to 4.5 trillion cubic feet, repre 

senting a decrease of 18 percent. The only "purchased" 

fuel to register an increase was coal; its 1981 estimate 

was 52.9 million short tons, and the 1985 estimate was 

58.6, an increase of 11 percent. The estimates of pur 

chased electricity and LPG were nearly equal for 1981 

and 1985.

Other Energy Measures

Manufacturing Sector Cogenerates 70 

Billion Kilowatthours of Electricity

For the purposes of MECS, electricity cogeneration is 

defined as the production of electrical energy and an 

other form of useful energy (such as heat or steam) 

through the sequential use of energy. In 1985, the man 

ufacturing sector cogenerated 69.8 billion kilowatthours of electric power (Table 9).

Estimates of Purchased Fuels and Electric Energy Continue a 

Bureau of the Census Data Series

During the years 1974 though 1981, the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census collected 

and published data on the consumption of "purchased fuels and electric energy" as a supplement to the 

ASM. A "purchased" fuel was defined as "... any substance that was purchased or transferred from outside 

the defined boundaries of the establishment in which it was consumed for the production of heat, power, 

and generated electricity." Purchased electricity was similarly defined in the ASM. The Bureau of the 

Census data collection activity was discontinued after collection of the 1981 data.

The MECS provides the capability of producing estimates that are definitionally equivalent to those pub 

lished by the Bureau of the Census. The MECS estimates are based on "derived" values of purchases and 

acquisitions by transfer (see Appendix A, Development of the Data File and Survey Estimates) and represent 

"offsite-produced" energy. These estimates appear in Tables 7 and 8 of this report.

12 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Figure 7. Total Consumption by Manufacturing of Energy Produced Offsite 

(Comparison of 1981 and 1985 by Region)

National Northeast Midwest South West

Source: Energy Information Administration. Office of Energy Markets and End Use. Energy End Use Division, 

Form EIA-846 (F). "1985 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey."

Electricity cogeneration is heavily concentrated in two 

industry groups. Paper and allied products produced 

32.9 billion kilowatthours and chemicals and allied 

products produced 19.8 billion kilowatthours. These 

two industrial groups accounted from approximately 

76 percent of the total electricity cogenerated by the 

manufacturing sector.

Most cogeneration activitiy took place in the South 

Census Region. That region alone produced 44.3 billion 

kilowatthours of cogenerated electric power, or 64 

percent of the total. This high percentage was due pri 

marily to the heavy concentration of paper mills and 

chemical plants in the area.

Price Manufacturers Pay for Electricity 

is 6.5 Times Their Price for Coal

Nationally, the price manufacturing establishments 

paid for electricity was $13.92 per million Btu (Table 

12). The price of coal, on the other hand, was only 

$2.14 per million Btu. Thus, electricity was approxi 

mately 6.5 times as expensive as coal for the same heat 

content.

The price of electricity for manufacturing industries 

was fairly constant across all Census regions, except 

for the Northeast, where is cost $17.05 per million Btu.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 13
The price of coal was about the same in all four Census per million Btu, respectively. Natural gas was most 

regions. expensive in the Northeast Census Region, $4.65, and

least expensive in the South Census Region, $3.31.

Nationally, the average prices manufacturers paid for There was no significant difference between the prices 

natural gas and residual fuel oil were $3.72 and $4.33 of natural gas in the Midwest and West Census Regions.

14 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Detailed Statistics Tables

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 1. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by

Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985

Part 1. (Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code1 and Industry

Total 

(trillion Btu)

Electricity" 

(million 

kWh)

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Gas 

(billion 

cu ft)

(million 

gallons)

(1000 

short tons)

Breeze 

(1000 

short tons)

(trillion 

Btu)

Total United States

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products ..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................

26 Paper and Allied Products ......................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ...

2631 Paperboard Mills ..................................

27 Printing and Publishing ...........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ..............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ...........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals .............

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ........................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ................

2911 Petroleum Refining" ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .....

31 Leather and Leather Products ...............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .........................

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .........

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products .....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ..................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ........

37 -Transportation Equipment ......................

38 Instruments and Related Products ........

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..............

Total..........................................................

949

19

248

31

325

48

2,211

997

770

76

3,567

312

573

1,115

479

5,123

5,019

213

13

895

317

2,626

1,869

248

302

240

211

321

73

31

17,522

44,417

1,225

25,552

4,030

13,753

4,220

51,948

29,012

9,471

11,184

119,448

32.857

11,907

16,524

3,956

33,254

31,910

25,784

1,053

30,755

9,886

140,476

38,995

61,648

26,804

28,623

30,884

32,767

7,570

3,190

636,937

6,290

308

2,858

165

W

145

24,727

12,567

6,829

93

16,499

1,248

863

3,440

W

18,586

15,731

1,729

378

1,496

202

6,405

5,458

W

801

1,150

984

2,630

W

312

87,008

4,362

55

929

372

3,976

342

2,048

1,054

230

256

4,409

541

258

819

27

3,187

752

737

201

6,924

658

2,304

988

52

1,742

1,326

578

1,629

196

168

35,739

464

3

89

11

24

18

393

153

129

31

1,627

122

166

511

449

695

668

94

4

374

16

672

400

22

172

102

80

124

20

14

5,012

89

1

24

4

W

8

56

24

5

11

8,433

4

3,247

3,749

W

754

430

29

2

48

1

68

5

8

48

36

16

30

Q

4

9,399

5,571

407

1,631

70

W

89

14,015

8,315

4,626

36

14,957

2,007

1,281

4,248

0

339

336

328

32

14,635

11,571

41,676

39,888

19

329

741

373

1,860

W

48

97,981

122

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

533

533

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

267

W

9,286

7,243

W

44

24

22

37

0

0

10,336

121*

8

*

224

9

1,146

469

458

3

280

5

46

87

W

4,110

4,073

3

*

20

W

33

14

8

6

3

3

11

1

Q

5,982

Northeast Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products ..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................

26 Paper and Allied Products ......................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ...

2631 Paperboard Mills ..................................

27 Printing and Publishing ...........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ..............

28 19 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ...........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals .............

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ........................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ................

2911 Petroleum Refining* ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .....

31 Leather and Leather Products ...............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .........

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products .....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ..................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ........

37 Transportation Equipment ......................

38 Instruments and Related Products ........

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..............

Total .......................................................

104

NA

30

7

16

8

286

220

16

15

205

10

31

Q

W

423

404

37

5

138

38

517

417

W

66

51

53

44

38

13

2,056

5,939

NA

1,882

751

925

495

8,622

5,968

493

2,078

11,166

487

1,307

1,791

W

2,386

1,760

5,055

317

5,318

1,249

20,560

9,135

W

5,418

5,837

7,743

3,900

2,417

1,320

92,157

2,093

NA

1,347

112

Q

48

10,584

8,427

957

Q

5,868

490

639

596

W

4,661

W

796

303

413

Q

W

1,101

W

543

1,065

823

1,281

1,025

290

32,993

1,223

NA

336

245

Q

132

556

176

Q

173

1,333

123

W

547

*

1,314

W

312

92

915

103

W

219

W

1,023

678

387

518

W

134

10,980

49

NA

10

2

2

3

49

W

7

4

47

4

W

5

*

21

W

11

1

69

Q

117

83

W

33

17

17

11

6

4

472

7

NA

7

Q

Q

Q

26

17

1

Q

Q

1

W

Q

*

W

W

12

1

W

*

18

3

*

11

8

5

W

*

1

Q

108

NA

25

0

0

Q

1,160

W

35

Q

1,022

10

W

0

0

W

W

0

29

1,642

1,342

1 1 ,057

10,606

W

30

79

W

W

W

W

16,449

0

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

0

428

182

0

21

Q

W

0

0

0

475

10

NA

1

*

Q

Q

109

98*

1

15

*

W

11

*

351

350

1

0

3

2

'7

5

W

1

1

W

2

•

Q

512

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 17
Table 1. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by

Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985 (Continued)

Part 1. (Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code' and Industry

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products ..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................

26 Paper and Allied Products ......................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ...

2631 Paperboard Mills ..................................

27 Printing and Publishing ...........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ..............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ...........

282 1 Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals .............

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ........................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ................

2911 Petroleum Refining* ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .....

31 Leather and Leather Products ...............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .........................

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .........

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products .....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ..................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ........

37 Transportation Equipment ......................

38 Instruments and Related Products ........

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..............

Total ..........................................................

Total 

(trillion Btu)

Electricity" 

(million 

kWh)

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

371

NA

NA

4

25

16

322

174

67

32

544

79

116

70

95

703

683

80

4

265

93

1,280

1,005

W

136

121

62

181

NA

8

4,171

16,727

NA

NA

455

1,548

1,092

10,658

5,108

1,914

3,836

32,650

16,321

2,649

1,693

1,291

5,600

5,215

9,240

408

8,615

2,598

45,920

17,552

W

11,345

11,522

6,616

16,338

NA

657

185,413

913

NA

NA

42

W

10

696

462

109

W

620

168

116

W

0

7,055

W

143

W

122

28

1,960

W

0

243

52

90

629

NA

Q

12,736

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Midwest

790

NA

NA

22

323

Q

334

108

20

Q

Q

24

18

W

6

489

W

69

Q

1,400

212

751

W

W

W

371

46

703

NA

12

6,846

Gas 

(billion 

cu ft)

Lru 

(million 

gallons)

v_,oai 

(1000 

short tons)

Breeze 

(1000 

short tons)

uiner 

(trillion 

Btu)

Census Region

197

NA

NA

2

6

9

87

33

14

W

211

14

24

28

88

W

42

39

2

105

5

345

226

W

82

60

31

75

NA

5

1,333

Q

NA

NA

Q

W

1

11

2

1

2

993*

W

W

*

W

52

7

*

6

*

34

1

6

17

16

5

11

NA

*

1,212

3,934

NA

NA

12

W

W

4,976

2,974

1,177

12

3,482

204

W

1,243

0

55

W

207

2

4,971

3,369

20,518

W

W

264

633

270

1,544

NA

W

40,994

71

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

74

W

6,653

5,482

W

W

22

W

32

NA

0

6,867

8

NA

NA

*

9

1

78

53

19

1

43

3

1

7

*

578

574

1

*

6

W

11

W

2

2

1

W

4

NA

W

747

South Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products ..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................

26 Paper and Allied Products ......................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ...

2631 Paoerboard Mills ..................................

27 Printing and Publishing ...........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ..............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ...........

282 1 Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals .............

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ........................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ................

2911 Petroleum Refining* ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .....

31 Leather and Leather Products ...............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .........................

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .........

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products .....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ..................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ........

37 Transportation Equipment ......................

38 Instruments and Related Products ........

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..............

Total ..........................................................

278

18

210

18

153

22

1,289

475

570

21

2,639

174

424

983

W

3,116

3,073

80

3

352

114

597

383

85

69

47

63

57

NA

7

9,048

15,230

1,185

23,071

2,637

6,210

2,339

21,096

11,307

4,826

3,797

65,389

11,941

7,851

13,108

W

17,273

16,879

9,130

253

1 2,043

3,818

41,683

10,344

20,485

6,919

7,304

9,724

6,983

NA

894

254,940

1,395

265

1,512

Q

132

86

10,205

2,596

4,583

71

9,820

422

108

2,801

W

3,055

W

715

W

215

52

2,257

2,235

0

15

33

72

W

NA

Q

30,508

1,710

55

589

105

1,555

128

994

714

148

31

1,918

255

64

204

20

632

127

313

Q

3,488

202

531

215

20

W

254

128

244

NA

19

13,040

125

3

73

6

9

5

198

72

87

7

1,257

95

133

476

285

528

517

38

1

152

7

149

76

11

39

18

24

22

NA

3

2,660

17

1

17

2

11

5

12

3

2

3

7,021

2

2,370

3,395

W

W

W

7

Q

W*

9

1

1

16

8

6

W

NA

Q

7,335

517

407

1,586

59

0

59

7,389

3,916

3,225

0

9,690

1,030

549

3,005

0

W

W

121

Q

5,270

4,197

8,412

8,031

13

34

28

W

W

NA

0

33,793

6

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

255

255

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Q

W

2,104

1,578

W

W*

W

W

NA

0

2,551

64

*

7

*

112

5

779

254

362

1

220

Q

43

69

*

2,476

2,458

1

*

10

W

7

1

W

1

1

1

3

NA

*

3,687

See footnotes at end of table.

18 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 1. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by

Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985 (Continued)

Part 1. (Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code* and Industry

Total 

(trillion Btu)

Net 

Electricity11 

(million 

kWh)

Residual 

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Distillate 

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Natural 

Gas 

(billion 

cu ft)

LPG 

(million 

gallons)

Coal 

(1000 

short tons)

Coke and 

Breeze 

(1000 

short tons)

Other0 

(trillion 

Btu)

West Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ...................

Tobacco Manufactures ...........................

Textile Mill Products ................................

Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

Lumber and Wood Products ..................

Furniture and Fixtures .............................

Paper and Allied Products ......................

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ...

Paperboard Mills ..................................

Printing and Publishing ...........................

Chemicals and Allied Products ..............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ...........

Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

Industrial Organic Chemicals .............

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ........................

Petroleum and Coal Products ................

Petroleum Refining* ............................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .....

Leather and Leather Products ...............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...........

Cement, Hydraulic ...............................

Primary Metal Industries .........................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .........

Primary Aluminum ...............................

Fabricated Metal Products .....................

Machinery, Except Electrical ..................

Electric and Electronic Equipment ........

Transportation Equipment ......................

Instruments and Related Products ........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..............

Total ..........................................................

197

0

3

1

131

NA

314

128

117

9

180

50

1

3

81

882

859

16

1

140

72

232

64

90

31

22

33

40

10

3

2,247

6,521

0

197

188

5,071

NA

11,571

6,630

2,238

1,471

10,244

4,109

99

-67

857

7,995

8,055

2,358

75

4,779

2,222

32,312

1,964

23,264

3,122

3,960

6,802

5,547

1,601

317

104,426

1,888

0

0

0

131

NA

3,243

1,082

1,181

0

191

168

0

W

0

3,816

W

75

0

747

37

W

W

W

0

0

0

W

Q

0

10,773

639

0

4

0

1,321

NA

165

56

58

Q

161

139

W

W

1

752

W

43

0

1,122

142

W

W

16

109

22

Q

163

Q

Q

4,875

93

0

3

1

7

NA

60

W

21

W

113

9

W

3

76

W

W

6

1

48

4

60

15

6

18

7

9

16

5

2

548

23

0

*

Q

14

NA

7

2

1

1

3

*

*

*

*

W

215

Q

*

5

*

6

*

1

4

Q

Q

3

Q

Q

294

1,013

0

0

0

0

NA

490

W

189

0

763

763

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2,751

2,664

1,689

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

6,705

45

0

0

0

0

NA

0

0

0

0

278

278

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Q

0

101

0

W

0

0

0

W

0

0

444

38

0

Q

0

97

NA

180

64

76

*

2

1

W

*

*

707

691

*

*

1

1

7

W

3

1

Q

1

2

*

0

1,037

a See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

b "Net Electricity" is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and 

transferred out. It does not include electricity inputs from onsite cogeneration or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been 

included as generating fuel (for example, coal).

c "Other" includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was 

used to produce heat and power or as feedstock/raw material inputs. See also footnote "d."

" For the petroleum refining industry only, the feedstocks and raw material inputs for the production of nonenergy products (i.e., asphalt, waxes, lubri 

cants, and solvents) are included in the "other" column, regardless of type of energy. The remaining columns for the petroleum refining industry include 

only energy that was consumed for the production of heat and power. The "other" column also includes net steam and other energy that respondents in 

dicated was used in the production of heat and power. Those inputs and feedstocks that were converted to other energy products (e.g., crude oil con 

verted to residual and distillate fuel oils) are excluded. See Appendix A for more information. 

'Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

NA-Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: »Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. »The derived estimates presented in this table are for the pri 

mary consumption of energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or raw material inputs. Primary consumption is defined as the consumption of the en 

ergy that was originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as an energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen pro 

duced from the electrolysis of brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; woodchips, bark, and woodwaste from wood purchased as a raw material 

input; and waste materials such as wastepaper and packing materials. Primary consumption excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other en 

ergy inputs and therefore avoids double-counting.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F),"1985 Manufactur 

ing Energy Consumption Survey," and Office of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Supply Division, Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" for 1985.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 19
Table 1. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by

Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985

Part 2. (Estimates in Trillion Btu)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code" and Industry Total Net 

Electricity*

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal Coke and 

Breeze Other*

Total United States

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products ..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................

26 Paper and Allied Products ......................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ...

2631 Paperboard Mills ..................................

27 Printing and Publishing ...........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ..............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ...........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals .............

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ........................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ................

2911 Petroleum Refining* ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .....

31 Leather and Leather Products ...............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .........................

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .........

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products .....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ..................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ........

37 Transportation Equipment ......................

38 Instruments and Related Products ........

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..............

Total..........................................................

949

19

248

31

325

48

2,211

997

770

76

3,567

312

573

1,115

479

5.123

5,019

213

13

895

317

2,626

1,869

248

302

240

211

321

73

31

17,522

152

4

87

14

47

14

177

99

32

38

408

112

41

56

13

113

109

88

4

105

34

479

133

210

91

98

105

112

26

11

2,173

40

2

18

1

W

1

155

79

43

1

104

8

5

22

W

117

99

11

2

9

1

40

34

W

5

7

6

17

W

2

547

25*

5

2

23

2

12

6

1

1

26

3

2

5

*

19

4

4

1

40

4

13

6

*

10

8

3

9

1

1

208

479

3

92

11

24

19

406

158

133

32

1,680

126

171

528

463

717

689

97

5

386

16

693

412

23

178

105

83

128

21

14

5,172

8

"

2

*

W

1

5

2

*

1

725

*

279

322

W

39

37

3

*

4

*

6

*

1

4

3

1

3

Q

*

808

123

9

36

2

W

2

309

183

102

1

332

45

28

94

0

8

8

7

1

323

255

1,131

1,090

*

7

16

8

41

W

1

2,375

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

13

13

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

7

W

230

180

W

1

1

1

1

0

0

256

121

•

8

*

224

9

1,146

469

458

3

280

5

46

87

W

4,110

4,073

3

"

20

W

33

14

8

6

3

3

11

1

Q

5,982

Northeast Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products ..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................

26 Paper and Allied Products ......................

262 1 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ...

2631 Paperboard Mills ..................................

27 Printing and Publishing ...........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ..............

28 19 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ...........

282 1 Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals .............

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ........................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ................

2911 Petroleum Refining* ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .....

31 Leather and Leather Products ...............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .........................

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .........

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products .....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ..................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ........

37 Transportation Equipment ......................

38 Instruments and Related Products ........

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..............

Total ..........................................................

104

NA

30

7

16

8

286

220

16

15

205

10

31

Q

W

423

404

37

5

138

38

517

417

W

66

51

53

44

38

13

2,056

20

NA

6

3

3

2

29

20

2

7

38

2

4

6

W

8

6

17

1

18

4

70

31

W

18

20

26

13

8

5

314

13

NA

8

1

Q

*

67

53

6

Q

37

3

4

4

W

29

W

5

2

3

Q

W

7

W

3

7

5

8

6

2

207

7

NA

2

1

Q

1

3

1

Q

1

8

1

W

3

*

8

W

2

1

5

1

W

1

W

6

4

2

3

W

1

64

50

NA

10

2

2

3

50

W

7

5

48

4

W

5

*

22

W

11

1

71

Q

121

85

W

34

17

17

12

6

4

487

1

NA

1

Q

Q

Q

2

1

*

Q

Q

*

W

Q

*

W

W

1

*

W

*

2

*

*

1

1

*

W

*

*

Q

2

NA

1

0

0

Q

26

W

1

Q

23

*

6

0

0

W

W

0

1

36

30

293

283

W

1

2

W

W

W

W

414

0

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

0

11

5

0

1

Q

W

0

0

0

12

10

NA

1

*

Q

Q

109

98

*

1

15

*

W

11

*

351

350

1

Q

3

2

7

5

W

1

1

W

2

*

Q

512

See footnotes at end of table.

20 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 1. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by

Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985 (Continued)

Part 2. (Estimates in Trillion Btu)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code" and Industry Total Net 

Electricity1'

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal Coke and 

Breeze Other1

Midwest Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products ..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................

26 Paper and Allied Products......................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ...

2631 Paperboard Mills ..................................

27 Printing and Publishing ...........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ..............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ...........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals .............

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ........................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ................

2911 Petroleum Refining* ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .....

31 Leather and Leather Products ...............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .........................

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .........

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products .....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ..................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ........

37 Transportation Equipment ......................

38 Instruments and Related Products ........

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..............

Total ..........................................................

371

NA

NA

4

25

16

322

174

67

32

544

79

116

70

95

703

683

80

4

265

93

1,280

1,005

W

136

121

62

181

NA

8

4,171

57

NA

NA

2

5

4

36

17

7

13

111

56

9

6

4

19

18

32

1

29

9

157

60

W

39

39

23

56

NA

2

633

6

NA

NA

*

W

*

4

3

1

W

4

1

1

W

0

44

W

1

W

1

*

12

W

0

2

*

1

4

NA

Q

80

5

NA

NA

*

2

Q

2

1

*

Q

Q

*

*

W

*

3

W

*

Q

8

1

4

W

W

W

2

*

4

NA*

40

203

NA

NA

2

6

10

90

35

14

W

218

15

25

28

91

W

43

40

2

109

5

357

233

W

84

62

32

77

NA

5

1,375

Q

NA

NA

Q

W

*

1

*

*

*

85

*

W

W

4

W

4

1

*

1

*

3

*

1

1

1

*

1

NA

*

104

87

NA

NA

*

W

W

110

66

26

*

77

5

W

27

0

1

W

5

*

110

74

570

W

W

6

14

6

34

NA

W

1,022

2

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

W

165

136

W

W

1

W

1

NA

0

170

8

NA

NA

*

9

1

78

53

19

1

43

3

1

7

*

578

574

1

*

6

W

11

W

2

2

1

W

4

NA

W

747

South Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products ..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................

26 Paper and Allied Products ......................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ...

2631 Paperboard Mills ..................................

27 Printing and Publishing ...........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ..............

28 19 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ...........

282 1 Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals .............

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ........................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ................

291 1 Petroleum Refining* ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .....

31 Leather and Leather Products ...............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ...............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .........

3334 Primary Aluminum ...............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products .....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ..................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ........

37 Transportation Equipment ......................

38 Instruments and Related Products ........

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..............

Total ..........................................................

278

18

210

18

153

22

1,289

475

570

21

2,639

174

424

983

W

3,116

3,073

80

3

352

114

597

383

85

69

47

63

57

NA

7

9,048

52

4

79

9

21

8

72

39

16

13

223

41

27

45

W

59

58

31

1

41

13

142

35

70

24

25

33

24

NA

3

870

9

2

10

Q

1

1

64

16

29

*

62

3

1

18

W

19

W

4

W

1

*

14

14

0

*

*

*

W

NA

Q

192

10

*

3

1

9

1

6

4

1

*

11

1

*

1

*

4

1

2

Q

20

1

3

1

*

W

1

1

1

NA

*

76

129

3

75

6

9

5

205

75

90

7

1,297

98

138

491

294

545

534

39

1

157

7

154

78

11

40

18

25

22

NA

3

2,745

1

*

1

*

1

*

1

*

*

*

604

*

204

292

W

W

W

1

Q

W

*

1

*

*

1

1

*

W

NA

Q

631

11

9

35

1

0

1

163

86

71

0

216

23

12

67

0

W

W

3

Q

116

92

223

214

*

1

1

W

W

NA

0

786

*

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

6

6

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Q

W

52

39

W

W

*

W

W

NA

0

63

64

*

7

*

112

5

779

254

362

1

220

Q

43

69

*

2,476

2,458

1

*

10

W

7

1

W

1

1

1

3

NA

*

3,687

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 21
Table 1. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by

Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985 (Continued)

Part 2. (Estimates in Trillion Btu)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code' and Industry Total Net Electricity1'

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal Coke and Breeze Other0

West Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ...................

Tobacco Manufactures ...........................

Textile Mill Products ................................

Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

Lumber and Wood Products ..................

Furniture and Fixtures .............................

Paper and Allied Products ......................

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ...

Paperboard Mills ..................................

Printing and Publishing ...........................

Chemicals and Allied Products ..............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ...........

Plastics Materials and Resins ...........

Industrial Organic Chemicals .............

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ........................

Petroleum and Coal Products ................

Petroleum Refining* ............................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .....

Leather and Leather Products ...............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ...........

Cement, Hydraulic ...............................

Primary Metal Industries .........................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .........

Primary Aluminum ...............................

Fabricated Metal Products .....................

Machinery, Except Electrical ..................

Electric and Electronic Equipment ........

Transportation Equipment ......................

Instruments and Related Products ........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ..............

Total ..........................................................

197

0

3

1

131

NA

314

128

117

9

180

50

1

3

81

882

859

16

1

140

72

232

64

90

31

22

33

40

10

3

2,247

22

0

1

1

17

NA

39

23

8

5

35

14

*

*

3

27

27

8

*

16

8

110

7

79

11

14

23

19

5

1

356

12

0

0

0

1

NA

20

7

7

0

1

1

0

w

0

24

W

*

0

5

*

W

W

w

0

0

0

w

Q

0

68

4

0

*

0

8

NA

1

*

*

Q

1

1

W

W

4

W

*

0

7

1

W

W

*

1

*

Q

1

Q

Q

28

96

0

3

1

7

NA

62

W

21

W

117

9

W

3

78

W

W

7

1

49

4

62

16

6

19

8

9

17

5

2

566

2

0

*

Q

1

NA

1

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

W

18

Q

Q

Q

*

Q

Q

25

22

0

0

0

0

NA

11

W

4

0

17

17

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

61

59

44

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

154

1

0

0

0

0

NA

0

0

0

0

7

7

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Q

0

2

0

W

0

0

0

W

0

0

11

38

0

Q

0

97

NA

180

64

76

*

2

1

W

*

*

707

691

*

*

1

1

7

W

3

1

Q

1

2

*

0

1,037

" See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

b "Net Electricity" is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and 

transferred out. It does not include electricity inputs from onsite cogeneration or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been 

included as generating fuel (for example, coal).

c "Other" includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was 

used to produce heat and power or as feedstock/raw material inputs. See also footnote "d."

d For the petroleum refining industry only, the feedstocks and raw material inputs for the production of nonenergy products (i.e., asphalt, waxes, lubri 

cants, and solvents) are included in the "other" column, regardless of type of energy. The remaining columns for the petroleum refining industry include 

only energy that was consumed for the production of heat and power. The "other" column also includes net steam and other energy that respondents in 

dicated was used in the production of heat and power. Those inputs and feedstocks that were converted to other energy products (e.g., crude oil con 

verted to residual and distillate fuel oils) are excluded. See Appendix A for more information.

* Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W = Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

NA=Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: (Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. »The derived estimates presented in this table are for the pri 

mary consumption of energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or raw material inputs. Primary consumption is defined as the consumption of the en 

ergy that was originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen pro 

duced from the electrolysis of brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; woodchips, bark, and woodwaste from wood purchased as a raw material 

input; and waste materials such as wastepaper and packing materials. Primary consumption excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other en 

ergy inputs and therefore avoids double-counting.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F),"1985 Manufactur 

ing Energy Consumption Survey," and Office of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Supply Division, Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" for 1985,

22 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 2. Total Primary Consumption of Energy for All Purposes by 

Economic Characteristics of the Establishment, 1985

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

Establishment 

Characteristics"

Total 

(trillion Btu)

Net 

Electricity11 

(million 

kWh)

Residual 

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Distillate 

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Natural Gas 

(billion 

cu ft)

LPG 

(million 

gallons)

Coal 

(1000 short 

tons)

Coke & 

Breeze 

(1000 short 

tons)

Other1 

(trillion Btu)

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars)

Under 20 .......................................

20-49..............................................

50-99..............................................

100-249 .........................................

250-499 .........................................

500 and Over................................

Not ascertained11 ..........................

Total .................................................

1,698

1,658

1,611

3,056

2,241

4,811

2,449

17,522

119,784

102,789

82,613

138,260

88,541

104,949

0

636,937

9,694

15,120

11,987

16,428

10,838

22,940

0

87,008

19,686

5,555

2,522

2,611

1,994

3,373

0

35,739

671

656

608

1,053

775

1,248

0

5,012

Q 

Q

450 

1,469 

2,866 

3,722 

0 

9,399

6,247

11,066

12,139

17,986

14,952

35,589

0

97,981

802

679

713

803

1,700

5,639

0

10,336

211

209

269

823

417

1,602

2,449

5,982

Employment Size 

Under 50 ................................

50-99.......................................

100-249 ..................................

250-499 ..................................

500-999 ..................................

Total ..........................................

.............. 696

.............. 761

.............. 2,237

.............. 2,679

.............. 3,184

.............. 5,515

.............. 2,449

.............. 17,522

45,052

40,873

1 06,640

109,834

138,467

196,070

0

636,937

2,943

5,551

17,543

13,364

16,372

31,236

0

87,008

11,010

5,595

6,603

3,779

2,879

5,874

0

35,739

271

367

845

1,022

982

1,526

0

5,012

Q

202

789

1,936

2,501

3,344

0

9,399

1,288

2,622

14,992

12,031

11,098

55,950

0

97,981

Q

113

732

826

740

7,701

0

10,336

90

98

429

676

1,099

1,139

2,449

5,982

a Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.

b "Net Electricity" is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and 

transferred out. It does not include electricity inputs from onsite cogeneration or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been 

included as generating fuel (for example, coal).

0 "Other" includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was 

used to produce heat and power or as feedstock/raw material inputs. See also footnote "d."

d The entry in the "Not ascertained" row and the "Other" column consists of the feedstocks and raw material inputs that were consumed by petroleum 

refineries for the production of nonenergy products (i.e., asphalt, waxes, lubricants, and solvents). That entry includes all of those inputs, regardless of 

type. Those inputs that were converted to other energy products by petroleum refineries (e.g., crude oil converted to residual and distillate fuel oils) are ex 

cluded. The quantities of energy consumed by petroleum refineries for the production of heat and power are included in the appropriate "Value of Ship 

ments and Receipts" or "Employment Size" rows. See Appendix A for more information.

Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: (Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. «The derived estimates presented in this table are for the pri 

mary consumption of energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or raw material inputs. Primary consumption is defined as the consumption of energy 

that was originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced 

from the electrolysis of brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; woodchips, bark, and woodwaste from wood purchased as a raw material input; 

and waste materials such as wastepaper and packing materials. Primary consumption excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other energy 

inputs and therefore avoids double-counting.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufacturing 

Energy Consumption Survey" and Office of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Supply Division, Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report," for 1985.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 23
Table 3. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation 

by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 

1985

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

sic

Code"

Industry Groups 

and Industry

Total 

(trillion Btu)

Net Electricity" 

(million kWh)

Residual Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Distillate Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Natural Gas 

(billion cu ft)

Total United States

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................

21 Tobacco Manufactures...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ......

24 Lumber and Wood Products...................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................

26 Paper and Allied Products ......................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper..

2631 Paperboard Mills.................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals..........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins...........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ............

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers.......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ...............

2911 Petroleum Refining.............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ..............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic..............................

33 Primary Metal Industries ........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical.................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

37 Transportation Equipment .....................

38 Instruments and Related Products.......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

 Total.........................................................

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................

21 Tobacco Manufactures............................

22 Textile Mill Products ................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ......

24 Lumber and Wood Products...................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................

26 Paper and Allied Products ......................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper..

2631 Paperboard Mills.................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals..........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins...........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ............

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers.......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ...............

2911 Petroleum Refining .............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ..............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ..............................

33 Primary Metal Industries ........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical .................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

37 Transportation Equipment .....................

38 Instruments and Related Products .......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

 Total .........................................................

946

19

248

30

333

48

2,198

996

758

76

2,407

295

277

797

213

2,631

2,570

212

13

896

328

2,391

1,677

234

298

239

209

317

73

31

13,615

104 

NA 

30

7

16

8 

W 

W 

16 

W

168 

10 

W 

29 

W

182

164

37

5

139 

39

427 

W 

W 

65 

51 

W 

43 

38 

13 

1,683

44,417

1,225

25,552

4,030

13,753

4,220

51,948

29,012

9,471

11,184

119,448

32,857

11,907

16,524

3,956

33,254

31,910

25,784

1,053

30,755

9,886

140,476

38,995

61,648

26,804

28,623

30,884

32,767

7,570

3,190

636,937

6,290

308

2,858

165

W

145

W

12,567

6,697

W

11,477

1,220

1,059

W

W

17,079

15,731

1,729

378

1,491

W

6,405

5,458

W

801

1,152

984

2,630

W

312

80,252

4,215

55

922

373

3,911

342

1,963

1,030

197

256

2,741

515

384

755

25

2,807

752

W

199

5,643

643

2,098

942

52

1,721

1,298

W

1,501

W

164

31,684

Northeast Census Region

5,939

NA

1,882

751

925

495

8,622

5,968

493

2,078

11,166

487

1,307

1,791

W

2,386

1,760

5,055

317

5,318

1,249

20,560

9,135

W

5,418 

5,837 

7,743 

3,900 

2,417 

1,320 

92,157

2,093

NA

1,347

112

Q

48

10,574

8,427

957

Q

5,868

490

639

596

W

W

W

796

303

412

Q

W

W

W

543

1,067

823

1,281

1,025

W

32,910

1,207

NA

336

245

Q

132

529

163

Q

173

1,343

123

227

W

W

W

312

92

891

93 

610 

216

W

1,008 

670

W

W 

149

W 

10,634

462

3

89

11

24

18

387

152

124

31

1,153

118

W

389

190

694

668

94

4

372

16

666

400

W

169

101

80

121

20

14

4,512

49

NA

10

2

2

3

48 

W 

W 

W 

45

4

7

W

20 

W 

11 

W 

69 

Q

117

83

W

33

17

17

W

6

4

467

See footnotes at end of table.

24 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 3. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation 

by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries,

1985 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

sic

Code*

Industry Groups 

and Industry

LPG 

(million gallons)

Coal 

(1000 short tons)

Coke & Breeze 

(1000 short tons)

Major Byproducts0 

(trillion Btu)

Other" 

(trillion Btu)

Total United States

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ............................

26 Paper and Allied Products .....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper.

2631 Paperboard Mills................................

27 Printing and Publishing .........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals.........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .......................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum .............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ......

37 Transportation Equipment ....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

 Total ........................................................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ............................

26 Paper and Allied Products .....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper.

2631 Paperboard Mills................................

27 Printing and Publishing .........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals.........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic.............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .......................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum .............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ......

37 Transportation Equipment ....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

 Total ........................................................

88 

1

24 

4

W 

8

56

24 

5

11

W

4

4

161

454

430

25

2 

44

1 

58

5 

W 

46 

35 

15 

28 Q

3 

1,116

7 

NA

7 

Q 

Q 

Q 

W 

17

1 

Q

3

1

Q

W 

W 

12 

1 

W

15

3

10

8

4

10

W

5,571

407

1,631

70

W

89

14,015

8,315

4,626

36

14,313

1,882

1,276

W

0

339

336

W

32

14,551

11,571

3,635

2,183

0

329

741

W

1,860

W

48

59,195

122 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

143 

W

23,315

21,856

0

32

24

4

32

0

0

23,808

Q 

0 

0 

0

0

730

295

292

0

44

0

W

W

0

1,165

1,165

0

0

475

475

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2,415

Northeast Census Region

108

NA

25

0

0

Q

1,160 

W 

W 

Q

1,022

10

W

0

0

W

W

0

29 

W

1,342 

W 

W 

0 

W 

79 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

W 

0

W

W 

0

W 

Q

W 

0 

0 

0

W

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

56 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

73

73

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

222

120

8

233

9

W

174

160

W

344

8

68

W

W

462

459

3

37

W

33

26

W

5

2

2

11

1

Q 

1,687

10 

NA

1

Q 

Q 

W 

47

W 

15

3 

11 

W 

37 

37

1

W 

3

10

W

W

1

1 

W

2

W

Q

147

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 25
Table 3. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation 

by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 

1985 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

sic

Code"

Industry Groups 

and Industry

Total 

(trillion Btu)

Net Electricity" 

(million kWh)

Residual Fuel Oil 

(1000bbls)

Distillate Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Natural Gas 

(billion cu ft)

Midwest Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ............................

26 Paper and Allied Products .....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper.

2631 Paperboard Mills.................................

27 Printing and Publishing .........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals.........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic.............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .......................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum .............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ......

37 Transportation Equipment ....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

 Total ........................................................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ............................

26 Paper and Allied Products .....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper.

2631 Paperboard Mills................................

27 Printing and Publishing .........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals.........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .......................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum .............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ......

37 Transportation Equipment ....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

 Total ........................................................

369

NA

NA

4

27

16

W

174

64

W

390

78

W

55

54

347

331

79

4

272 

W

1,250

989

46

135

120

62

178

NA

8

3,631

276

18

209

18

160

22

1,278

W

557

21

1,730

163

196

708

W

1,548

1,526

80

3

344

W

486

289

80

67

46

61

56

NA

6

6,441

16,727

NA

NA

455

1,548

1,092

10,658

5,108

1,914

3,836

32,650

16,321

2,649

1,693

1,291

5,600

5,215

9,240

408

8,615

2,598

45,920

17,552

W

11,345

11,522

6,616

16,338

NA

657

185,413

913

NA

NA

42

W

W

W

462

109

W

624

168

116

47

0

W

W

143

W

122

28

1,960

W

0

W

52

90

629

NA

Q

12,696

690

NA

NA

22

W

Q

W

W

16

Q

225

24

W

52

W

441

W

W

Q

1,366

W

695

509

W

W

370

W

W

NA

W

5,792

South Census Region

15,230

1,185

23,071

2,637

6,210

2,339

21,096

11,307

4,826

3,797

65,389

11,941

7,851

13,108

W

17,273

16,879

9,130

253

12,043

3,818

41,683

10,344

20,485

6,919

7,304

9,724

6,983

NA

894

254,940

1,395

265

1,512

Q

132 

86 

W

2,596

4,550

W

4,794

394

304

W

W

1,663

W

715

W

211

W

2,257

2,235

0

W

33

72

W

NA

Q

24,036

1,680 

55

582

106 

1,521

128 

W 

W

121

31

1,031

248 

W 

W 

W

366

127

W

Q

2,283 

W

490 

W 

20 

W

236

128 

W

NA

19

10,512

196

NA

NA

2

6

W

87

33

14

W

152

14

W

W

W

W

42

39

2

105 

5

343

225

W

81

59

31

72

NA

5

1,265

124 

3

72 

6 

9 

5

194

W

83

7

895

91

W

366

W

527

517

38

W

151

W

147

76

W

37

18

24

W

NA

3

2,285

See footnotes at end of table.

26 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 3. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation 

by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 

1985 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC 

Code"

Industry Groups 

and Industry

LPG 

(million gallons)

Coal 

(1000 short tons)

Coke & Breeze 

(1000 short tons)

Major Byproducts' 

(trillion Btu)

Other" 

(trillion Btu)

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ............................

26 Paper and Allied Products .....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper.

2631 Paperboard Mills......................:.........

27 Printing and Publishing .........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals.........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .......................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum .............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ......

37 Transportation Equipment ....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

	Total ........................................................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ............................

26 Paper and Allied Products .....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper.

2631 Paperboard Mills................................

27 Printing and Publishing .........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals.........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic.............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .......................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum .............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ......

37 Transportation Equipment ....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

 Total........................................................

Midwest Census Region

Q 

NA 

NA

Q 

W

1

11

2 

1

W 

W

W

1

W 

W 

52 

W

29

1

W 

W 

16 

W 

10 

NA

213

16

1

17

2 

11

5 

W

3

2 

W 

W

2 

W 

158 

W 

W 

W 

W

Q 

W

1

W 

W

8 

W

6 

NA

Q 

478

3,934 

NA 

NA 

12 

W 

W

4,976

2,974

1,177

12

3,482

204

W

1,243

0

55

W

W

2

4,887

3,369

2,255

W

0

264

633

W

1,544

NA

W

22,630

71 

NA 

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

73

W 

14,992

W 

0

W

22 

0

28

NA

0

15,197

South Census Region

517

407

1,586

59

0

59

7,389 

W

3,225 

0

9,047

905

W

W

0

W

W

121

Q

5,270

4,197

410

W

0

W

28

W

W

NA

0

25,148

6 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

W

W 

3,258

W 

0

W

Q

W

NA

0

3,451

0

NA 

NA

0

0

34 

28 

2 

0 

Q 

0 

0 

0 

0

195

195 

0 

0 

0 

0

284 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

0

518

Q 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

521

176

238

0

39

0

W

W

0

611

611

0

0

0

82 

82 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA

0

1,254

Q 

NA 

NA

12

1

W 

25 

15 

W 

W

2 

W 

W 

W 

27 

W

1

16 

W 

15 

W 

W

2 

1

W 

W 

NA

*

167

64

7

119 

6

251

78

117

1

291

4

W

W

W

303

300

1

W 

W 

W

2 

W

W

W 

NA

*

1,062

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 27
Table 3. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation 

by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 

1985 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code' and Industry

Total 

(trillion Btu)

Net Electricity" 

(million kWh)

Residual Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Distillate Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Natural Gas 

(billion cu ft)

West Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products .......................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ................................

22 Textile Mill Products ....................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ..........

24 Lumber and Wood Products .......................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .................................

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ......

2631 Paperboard Mills .....................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..............................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .................

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ..............

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ...............

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ................

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ...................

291 1 Petroleum Refining .................................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

31 Leather and Leather Products ..................

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..............

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ..................................

33 Primary Metal Industries ............................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

3334 Primary Aluminum ..................................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ........................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical .....................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ...........

37 Transportation Equipment .........................

38 Instruments and Related Products ...........

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................

Total .............................................................

197

0

3

1

130

NA

317

W

120

9

119

43

1

3

W

555

549

16

1

142

74

229

W

W

31

21

W

40

10

3

1,859

6,521

0

197

188

5,071

NA

11,571

6,630

2,238

1,471

10,244

4,109

99

-67

W

7,995

8,055

2,358

75

4,779

2,222

32,312

1,964

23,264

3,122

3,960

6,802

5,547

1,601

317

104,426

1,888

0

0

0

70

NA

3,143

1,082

1,081

0

191

168

0

W

0

3,816

W

75

0

746

37

W

W

W

0

0

0

W

Q

0

10,611

639

0

4

0

W

NA

147

W

56

Q

141

120

W

W

1

W

W

43*

1,104

142

303

W

16

109

22

Q

163

Q

0

4,746

93

0

3

1

7

NA

59

W

W

W

61

9

W

3

29

W

W

6

1

48

4

60

15

W

18

7

9

16

5

2

495

• See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. See Appendix A.

b "Net Electricity" is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold 

and transferred out. It does not include electricity inputs from onsite cogeneration or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already 

been included as generating fuel (for example, coal).

c "Major Byproduct" fuels include coke oven and blast furnace gas (produced primarily in the blast furnace industry, SIC 3312); still gas (produced pri 

marily in refineries, SIC 2911); and pulping liquor (produced primarily in pulp and paper mills, SIC 2611 and 2621).

d "Other" includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was 

used to produce heat and power.

"Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

NA = Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: oTotals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. oThe estimates presented in this table are for the total con 

sumption of energy for the production of heat and power, regardless of where the energy was produced. Specifically, the estimates include the quantities 

of energy that were originally produced offsite and purchased by or transferred to the establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other en 

ergy or input materials not classified as energy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufactur 

ing Energy Consumption Survey."

28 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 3. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation 

by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 

1985 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code" and Industry

LPG 

(million gallons)

Coal 

(1 000 short tons)

Coke & Breeze 

(1000 short tons)

Major Byproducts' 

(trillion Btu)

Other41 

(trillion Btu)

West Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ............................

26 Paper and Allied Products .....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper.

2631 Paperboard Mills................................

27 Printing and Publishing .........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals.........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .......................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum .............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 .Electric and Electronic Equipment ......

37 Transportation Equipment ....................

38 Instruments and Related Products......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

 Total ........................................................

23

0

Q

12

NA

7

2

1

1

W

W

W 

W 

Q

*

W

*

6

W

W

Q

Q

2

Q

Q

VV

1,013 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA

490

W

W

0

763

763

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

2,664

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

45 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

0

W

W 

0 

0 

0 

0

W 

0 

0

W

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA

119

W

53

0

0

0

0

0

0

286

286

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

421

38

0

Q

0

97

NA

65

24

27

W 

2

W

95 

W

4

3

6

W

W 

Q

W 

2

0

311

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 29
Table 4. Total Inputs of Energy for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation 

by Economic Characteristics of the Establishment, 1985

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

Establishment 

Characteristics"

Total 

(trillion Btu)

Net 

Electricity" 

(million 

kWh)

Residual 

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Distillate 

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Natural Gas 

(billion cu 

ft)

LPG 

(million 

gallons)

Coal 

(1000 short 

tons)

Coke & 

Breeze 

(1000 short 

tons)

Major By 

products0 

(trillion Btu)

Other"1 

(trillion Btu)

Value of Shipments and 

Receipts 

(million dollars) 

Under 20........................

20-49 ..............................

50-99 ..............................

100-249..........................

250-499..........................

Total .................................

Employment Size 

Under 50 ........................

50-99 ..............................

100-249..........................

250-499..........................

500-999..........................

Total .................................

1,591

1,512

1,416

2,712

1,859

4,525

13,615

592

667

2,023

2,270

2,854

5,209

13,615

119,784

102,789

82,613

138,260

88,541

104,949

636,937

45,052

40,873

106,640

109,834

138,467

196,070

636,937

7,992

10,063

11,984

16,280

10,994

22,940

80,252

2,845

3,420

13,021

13,254

16,532

31,180

80,252

17,052

5,353

2,463

W

W

W

31,684

9,279

4,631

6,465

3,797

2,793

4,720

31,684

649

585

548

898

619

1,212

4,512

248

311

752

839

878

1,484

4,512

W

W

77

82

49

. 554

1,116

113

77

181

136

218

391

1,116

5,685

9,800

8,382

W

W

W

59,195

W

2,572

13,401

8,859

W

22,758

59,195

W

350

430

W

W

W

23,808

W

109

491

409

W

22,379

23,808

2

35

121

478

299

1,479

2,415

Q

26

166

340

713

1,162

2,415

W

W

155

357

200

586

1,687

63

66

276

367

384

532

1,687

• Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A.

b "Net Electricity" is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and 

transferred out. It does not include electricity inputs from onsite cogeneration or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been 

included as generating fuel (for example, coal).

c "Major Byproduct" fuels include coke oven and blast furnace gas (produced primarily in the blast furnace and steel mill industry, SIC 3312); still gas 

(produced primarily in petroleum refineries, SIC 2911); and pulping liquor (produced primarily in pulp and paper mills, SIC 2611 and 2621).

d "Other" includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was 

used to produce heat and power.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: »Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. «The estimates presented in this table are for the total con 

sumption of energy for the production of heat and power, regardless of where the energy was produced. Specifically, the estimates include the quantities 

of energy that were originally produced offsite and purchased by or transferred to the establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other en 

ergy or from input materials not classified as energy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufacturing 

Energy Consumption Survey."

30 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 5. Total Primary Consumption of Combustible Energy for Nonfuel 

Purposes by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected

Industries, 1985

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

sic

Code"

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total 

(trillion Btu)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Distillate

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Natural Gas 

(billion 

cu ft)

LPG 

(million 

gallons)

Coal

(1000 short 

tons)

Total United States

Northeast Census Region

Coke &

Breeze

(1000 short

tons)

Other" 

(trillion Btu)

20 Food and Kindred Products..................... 3 1 Q 2 1 0 0

21 

22 Textile 

Tobacco 

Mill 

Manufactures............................. 

Products ................................. 

0 

1 

000 

Q Q 

0000

0 0

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products....... Q 0 0 Q 0 0

24 Lumber and Wood Products.................... 1 Q 66 Q Q 0 0

25 

26 

Furniture 

Paper and 

and 

Allied 

Fixtures 

Products 

.............................. 

....................... 19 

Q 

W 

000 

85 6 Q 

OOOQ

0 0 W

2621 

2631 

Paper 

Paperboard 

Mills, 

M/Hs 

Except 

................................... 

Building Paper.... 

16 

1 

133 

0 25 

33 5 

1 

* 

0000

00 10

27 Printing and Publishing ............................. * W*0 * OOQ

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............... 1,354 5,250 1,808 475 W 643 W 73

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ............ 23 28 26 4 * 125 533 2

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins............. 323 0 Q W 3,243 W 0 1

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals............... 459 W 64 122 3,671 W 0 W

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................... 268 0 3 259 W 0 0 W

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ................. 2,492 Q Q 0 000 2,479

2911 Petroleum Refining*.............................. 2,449 000 000 2,449

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products....... 1 0 Q * 4 W 0 Q

31 

32 Stone, 

Leather 

Clay 

and 

and 

Leather 

Glass 

Products 

Products............. 

................ 

15 

Q 

Q 

OQO 

Q Q 

OOOQ

4 Q Q

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ................................ " 0 15 * 0 0

33 Primary Metal Industries........................... 1,096 0 206 5 Q 38,041 942 15

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills........... 1,053 0 46 Q * 37,705 357 2

3334 Primary Aluminum................................. 14 0 0 W 0 19 W 7

34 Fabricated Metal Products....................... 4 0 21 3 2 Q 12

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................... 2 0 Q 1 1 0 0

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment.......... 3 0 W 1 2 W 18 1

37 Transportation Equipment........................ 5 0 128 3 2 0 O 1

38 Instruments and Related Products ......... * W W * * 0 0

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries................ * 00* 1 0 0

 Total ........................................................... 4,997 7,006 4,267 500 8,366 38,786 1,634 2,582

20 Food and Kindred Products..................... * 0 Q Q Q 0 " 0~~ *

21 Tobacco Manufactures............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

24 

22 

23 

Textile 

Apparel 

Lumber 

Mill 

and 

and 

Products 

Wood 

Other Textile 

Products.................... 

................................. 

Products....... 

Q 

0 

0 

000 

000 

000 

QOOO

0000

0000

26 

25 Furniture 

Paper and 

and 

Allied 

Fixtures 

Products 

.............................. 

....................... W 

0 

QWW 

000 

QOOW

0000

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper.... W 013W 0 0 0 0

27 

28 

2631 

Chemicals 

Printing 

Paperboard 

and 

and 

Publishing 

Mills 

Allied 

................................... 

Products 

............................. 

............... 

Q 

Q 

Q 

000 

0 

000 

Q 2 Q 

QOOO

OOOQ

* 0 1

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals............ ' 0 * * * 0

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins............. W 0 W 0 W 0 0

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals............... Q OWW QCO*

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................... ' 000 0 0 0

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ................. 241 Q Q Q 000 240

2911 Petroleum Refining*.............................. 240 000 000 240

30 

31 

32 Stone, 

Rubber 

Leather 

Clay 

and 

and 

and 

Misc. 

Leather 

Glass 

Plastics 

Products 

Products............. 

Products....... 

................ Q 

* 

* Q 

0 

000 

24 

QOOO

OOOQ

0 0

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ................................ " 0 10 * 0 0 *

33 Primary Metal Industries........................... 285 0 Q Q Q W 155 2

34 

3312 

3334 

Fabricated 

Blast 

Primary 

Furnaces 

Aluminum................................. 

Metal Products....................... 

and Steel Mills........... W 

W 

1 

OWO 

000 

0 Q 1 

OWWW

OWOW

1 0 W Q

35 

36 

Machinery, 

Electric and 

Except 

Electronic 

Electrical 

Equipment.......... 

................... 

W 

* OQQ 

0 W 

*OOQ

2 0 W W

37 Transportation Equipment........................ 1 OWW W 0 0

39 

38 

Misc. 

Instruments 

Manufacturing 

and Related 

Industries................ 

Products ......... Q 

* 

OOQ 

0 

QOOO

1 0 0

	Total .......................................................... 571 Q 403 5 Q W 171 244

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 31
Table 5. Total Primary Consumption of Combustible Energy for Nonfuel 

Purposes by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected 

Industries, 1985 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

sic

Code"

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total 

(trillion Btu)

Residual

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Distillate

Fuel Oil

(1000 bbls)

Natural Gas 

(billion 

cuft)

LPG 

(million 

gallons)

Coal

(1000 short 

tons)

Coke&

Breeze

(1000 short

tons)

Other" 

(trillion Btu)

Midwest Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products..................... 1 1 Q 1 1 0 0

21 Tobacco Manufactures............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

22 Textile Mill Products ................................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

23 

24 

Apparel 

Lumber and 

and 

Wood 

Other Textile 

Products.................... 

Products....... * 

* 

000 

0 W 0 

*OOQ

0 0

25 

26 

2631 

2621 

Paper 

Furniture 

Paperboard 

Paper 

and 

Mills, 

and 

Allied 

Fixtures 

Mills 

Except 

Products 

................................... 

Building 

.............................. 

....................... 

Paper.... 

W 

Q 

Q 

* 

QQO 

QWQ 

000 

OWO 

OOOQ

OOOQ

OOOQ

0000

27 

28 Chemicals 

Printing and 

and 

Publishing 

Allied Products 

............................. 

............... 164 

Q OQO 

0 Q 58 W 

QOOO

0 W

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ............ 1 00* 0*0*

2821 

2869 

Plastics 

Industrial 

Materials 

Organic 

and 

Chemicals............... 

Resins............. W 

15 

OWW 

OWW 

W 

W 

OOW

0 OW

29 

2873 

Petroleum 

Nitrogenous 

and 

Fertilizers 

Coal Products 

......................... 

................. 357 

42 

QQO 

OWW W 

0 

OOW

0 0 355

2911 Petroleum Refininf.............................. 352 000 0 0 0 352

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products....... 1 0 Q Q Q W 0 Q

31 

32 Stone, 

Leather 

Clay 

and 

and 

Leather 

Glass 

Products 

Products............. 

................ Q 

Q 

OQO 

0 34 Q 

0000

1 Q Q

33 

3241 

Primary 

Cement, 

Metal 

Hydraulic 

Industries........................... 

................................ 

541 

W OWO 

0 56 3 Q 

0000

18,263 541 3

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills........... 526 0 W Q * 18,202 W W

34 

3334 

Fabricated 

Primary Aluminum................................. 

Metal Products....................... 

W 

1 

000 

0 4 Q 

OWWW

1 Q 0 Q

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................... 1 021 1 0 0 *

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment.......... * 0 W Q W W W

37 Transportation Equipment........................ 3 0 W 2 1 0 Q W

38 Instruments and Related Products ......... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

39 

 Total 

Misc. Manufacturing 

........................................................... 

Industries................ 

1,075 

Q 

Q 

OOQ 

Q 67 999 

OOOQ

18,364 550 376

	South Census Region

21 

20 

22 

Tobacco 

Textile 

Food and 

Mill 

Manufactures............................. 

Kindred 

Products 

Products..................... 

................................. Q 

0 

1 

0 

000 

0 

Q 

Q 

Q 

1 QOOO

0000

0 0

24 

23 Apparel 

Lumber and 

and 

Wood 

Other Textile 

Products.................... 

Products ....... Q 

Q OQQ 

OOQ 

QOOQ

OOOQ

26 

25 Furniture 

Paper and 

and 

Allied 

Fixtures 

Products 

.............................. 

....................... 13WW5 

0 000 

Q008

0000

2627 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .... W 0 W 0 0 0 0 0

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................... 13 33 27 4 * 008

27 Printing and Publishing ............................. * W 0 0 W 0 0 0

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............... 1,089 5,250 971 362 W 643 W 57

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals............ 15 28 7 4 * 125 255 1

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins............. 247 0 Q W W W 0 W

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals............... 414 W W 110 3,318 W 0 W

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................... 178 OWW W 0 0 0

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ................. 1,568 QQO 000 1,557

2911 Petroleum Refining*.............................. 1,547 000 000 1,547

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products....... * 0 Q Q W 0 0 Q

31 

32 Stone, 

Leather 

Clay 

and 

and 

Leather 

Glass 

Products 

Products............. 

................ 

Q 

0 

Q 

000 

Q Q Q 

0000

0 Q

33 

3241 

Primary 

Cement, 

Metal 

Hydraulic 

Industries........................... 

................................ 

228 

W 

0 

OWO 

41 2 * 

0000

8,002 203 6

33/2 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........... 211 0 27 0 0 7,781 73 *

3334 Primary Aluminum................................. 5 OOW 013W2

34 Fabricated Metal Products....................... 2 0 Q 2 Q 0 Q *

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................... * OQQ Q 0 0 *

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment.......... 1 0 0 * W 0 W W

37 

38 

Transportation 

Instruments and 

Equipment........................ 

Related Products ......... NA 

1 

NA 

OWW 

NA NA NA 

* 

NA 

OOQ

NA NA

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries................ * 0** 000*

 Total ........................................................... 2,917 6,716 2,613 374 6,938 8,645 592 1,629

See footnotes at end of table.

32 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 5. Total Primary Consumption of Combustible Energy for Nonfuel 

Purposes by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected 

Industries, 1985 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code" and Industry Total 

(trillion Btu)

Residual 

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Distillate 

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Natural Gas 

(billion 

cuft)

LPG 

(million 

gallons)

Coal 

(1000 short 

tons)

Coke& 

Breeze 

(1000 short 

tons)

Otherb 

(trillion Btu)

West Census Region

20

-2T

22

24"

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

3f

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products.....................

Tobacco Manufactures .............................

Textile Mill Products .................................

Apparel and Other Textile Products .......

Lumber and Wood Products....................

Furniture and Fixtures ..............................

Paper and Allied Products .......................

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ....

Paperboard Mills ...................................

Printing and Publishing .............................

Chemicals and Allied Products ...............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ............

Plastics Materials and Resins .............

Industrial Organic Chemicals ...............

Nitrogenous Fertilizers .........................

Petroleum and Coal Products .................

Petroleum Refining* ..............................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .......

Leather and Leather Products ................

Stone, Clay and Glass Products .............

Cement, Hydraulic ................................

Primary Metal Industries...........................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ...........

Primary Aluminum .................................

Fabricated Metal Products .......................

Machinery, Except Electrical ...................

Electric and Electronic Equipment ..........

Transportation Equipment ........................

Instruments and Related Products .........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ................

Total ...........................................................

*

0

0

Q

O

NA

1

W

1

*

62

8

*

0

49

327

310

Q

0

*

0

43

W

4

*

Q

W

Q

Q

Q

435

0

0

0

0

Q

NA

100

0

100

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Q

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

162

0

0

0

0

Q

NA

18

W

2

*

20

19

0

0

0

Q

0

0

0

18

0

W

0

0

0

Q

0

0

0

Q

128

*

0

0

Q

0

NA

*

0

*

0

52

*

0

0

47

0

0

0

0

Q

0

Q

0

0

*

Q

0

Q

0

0

54

Q

0

0

0

Q

NA

*

0

*

0

W

Q

*

0

*

0

0

Q

0

*

0

*

0

0

Q

0

0

Q

0

0

6

0

0

0

0

0

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

0

0

0

0

0

NA

0

0

0

0

278

278

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

43

0

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

321

Q

0

0

0

*

NA

*

0

0

0

W

*

0

0

*

326

310

0

0

*

0

4

Q

3

Q

0

W

Q

Q

0

332

• See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

b "Other" includes all other energy that respondents indicated was used for nonfuel purposes, i.e., as petrochemical feedstocks or raw material inputs. 

See also footnote "c.",

c For the petroleum refining industry only, the feetstocks and raw material inputs for the production of nonenergy products (i.e., asphalt, waxes, lubri 

cants, and solvents) are included in the "other" column, regardless of the type of energy. Those Inputs and feedstocks that are converted to energy prod 

ucts (e.g., the conversion of crude oil to residual and distillate fuel oils and motor gasoline) are excluded. See Appendix A for more information.

'Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

NA = Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: vTotals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. eThe derived estimates presented in this table are for the pri 

mary consumption of energy as feedstocks or raw material inputs. Primary consumption is defined as consumption of energy that was originally produced 

offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of brine; 

the output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; woodchips, bark, and woodwaste from wood purchased as a raw material input; and waste materials such as 

wastepaper and packing materials. Primary consumption excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other energy inputs and therefore avoids 

double-counting.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F),"1985 Manufactur 

ing Energy Consumption Survey," and Office of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Supply Division, Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report," for 1985.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 33
Table 6. Total Primary Consumption of Combustible Energy for Nonfuel 

Purposes by Economic Characteristics of the Establishment, 

1985

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

Establishment Characteristics* Total 

(trillion Btu)

Residual 

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Distillate 

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Natural Gas 

(billion cu 

ft)

LPG 

(million 

gallons)

Coal 

(1000 short 

tons)

Coke& 

Breeze 

(1000 short 

tons)

Other" 

(trillion Btu)

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

Under 20 ...........................................

20-49..................................................

50-99..................................................

100-249 .............................................

250-499 .............................................

500 and Over ...................................

Not ascertained0 ..............................

Total .....................................................

Employment Size

Under 50 ...........................................

50-99 ..................................................

100-249 .............................................

250-499 .............................................

500-999 .............................................

1,000 and Over ................................

Not ascertained0 ..............................

Total .....................................................

....................... 121

....................... 174

....................... 225

....................... 379

....................... 567

....................... 1,083

....................... 2,449

....................... 4,997

....................... 104

....................... 102

....................... 251

....................... 453

....................... 349

....................... 1,287

....................... 2,449

....................... 4,997

1,724

5,090

3

150

41

0

0

7,006

Q

2,164

4,522

111

36

58

0

7,006

2,705

208

114

W

W

W

0

4,267

Q

Q

117

319

87

1,154

0

4,267

22

70

59

155

157

36

0

500

23

56

93

184

104

42

0

500

Q

Q

373

1,387

2,819

3,250

0

8,366

Q

124

608

1,799

2,203

3,035

0

8,366

562

1,266

3,758

W

W

W

0

38,786

W

49

1,592

3,172

W

33,192

0

38,786

Q

329

293

W

W

W

0

1,634

Q

5

255

427

W

405

0

1,634

Q

W

23

22

27

29

2,449

2,582

Q

Q

24

13

19

45

2,449

2,582

" Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size data were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A. 

b "Other" includes all other energy that respondents indicated was used for nonfuel purposes, i.e., as petrochemical feedstocks or raw material inputs. 

See also footnote "c.",

c The entry in the "Not ascertained" row and the "Other" column consists of the feedstocks and raw material inputs that were consumed by petro 

leum refineries for the production of nonenergy products (i.e., asphalt, waxes, lubricants, and solvents). That entry includes all of those inputs, regardless 

of type. Those inputs that were converted to other energy products by petroleum refineries (e.g., crude oil converted to residual and distillate fuel oils) 

are excluded. See Appendix A for more information.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: (Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. eThe derived estimates presented in this table are for the 

primary consumption of energy as feedstocks or raw material inputs. Primary consumption is defined as consumption of energy that was originally pro 

duced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as an energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced from the elec 

trolysis of brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; woodchips, bark, and woodwaste from wood purchased as a raw material input; and waste 

materials such as wastepaper and packing materials. Primary consumption excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other energy inputs and 

therefore avoids double-counting.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-646(F), "1985 Manufactur 

ing Energy Consumption Survey."

34 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 7. Total Consumption of Offsite-Produced Energy for Heat and Power 

by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 

1985

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code3 and Industry

icuai 

(trillion 

Btu)

(million 

kWh)

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Gas 

(billion cu 

ft)

(million 

gallons)

(1000 

short tons)

Breeze 

(1000 

short tons)

(trillion 

Btu)

Total United States

20 Food and Kindred Products..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ..........................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries ........................

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

37 Transportation Equipment .....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total..........................................................

876

20

247

31

167

41

1,340

632

428

76

2,170

262 207'

675

211

917

861

211

13

878

316

1,537

823

234

297

241

209

322

74

30

9,698

45,288

1,392

25,540

4,030

14,287

4,244

54,386

29,575

10,390

11,192

126>681

33,509

11,921

20,179

3,958

35,755

34,142

25,803

1,053

30,801

9,926

142,071

40,580

61,663

26,840

28,975

30,949

33,737

7,736

3,191

653,968

6,290

308

2,858

165

W

145

24,583

12,567

6,697

75

11,249

1,220

863

1,899

W

1,613

286

1,729

378

1,491

W

6,405

5,458

W

801

1,150

984

2,630

W

312

64,557

4,215

55

922

372

3,911

342

1,963

1,030

197

256

2,600

515

250

755

25

1,992

7

730

199

5,643

643

2,098

942

52

1,721

1,298

552

1,501

195

164

30,728

462

3

89

11

24

18

387

152

124

31

1,113

100

W

389

190

682

6569~4

4

372

16

665

399

21

168

100

79

121

20

14

4,456

88

1

24

4

33

8

56

24

5

11

96

4

4

79

*

39

15

25

2

44

1

58

5

W

46

35

15

28

Q

3

618

5,571

407

1,631

70

W

89

14,015

8,315

4,626

36

13,751

1,320

W

4,044

0

339

336

312

32

14,503

1 1 ,529

3,635

2,183

0

329

741

371

1,860

W

48

58,584

122

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

143

W

8,344

6,885

0

32

24

4

32

0

0

8,702

47

*

8

*

65

3

275

104

119

3

196

5

26

93

W

60

56

3

*

20

W

21

14

1

5

3

2

12

1

*

723

Northeast Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ..........................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

282 1 Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries ........................

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

37 Transportation Equipment .....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total..........................................................

104

NA

29

7

11

7

203

145

16

14

170

11

24

31

W

47

29

38

5

137

37

234

139

W

64

50

53

43

39

12

1,266

5,958

NA

1,887

751

925

495

8,622

5,959

468

2,078

11,317

487

1,307

1,791

W

2,528

1,902

5,060

317

5,322

1,249

21,173

9,355

W

5,418

5,905

7,808

3,935

2,549

1,321

93,433

2,093

NA

1,347

112

Q

48

10,574

8,427

957

Q

5,868

490

639

596

W

W

Q

796

303

412

Q

W

W

W

543

1,065

823

1,281

1,025

W

29,103

1,207

NA

336

245

Q

132

W

163

Q

173

1,287

123

171

545

*

W

W

312

92

891

93

610

W

W

1,008

670

361

416

W

W

10,551

49

NA

10

2

2

3

W

20

W

4

45

4

W

5

*

W

16

11

W

69

Q

116

82

W

32

17

17

W

6

4

465

7

NA

7

Q

Q

Q

26

17

1

Q

3

1

*

Q

*

*

Q

12

1

11

*

15

3

*

10

8

4

10

*

1

123

108

NA

25

0

0

Q

1,160

1,126

W

Q

1,022

10

W

0

0

W

W

0

29

W

1,299

669

265

0

W

79

W

W

W

W

6,059

0

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

0

W

W

0

9

Q

W

0

0

0

304

Q

NA

1

*

*

Q

W

25

*

W

17

*

W

13

W

*

*

1

W

W

2

5

5

*

W

*

W

2

W

Q

73

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 35
Table 7. Total Consumption of Offsite-Produced Energy for Heat and Power 

by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 

1985 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code" and Industry (trillion 

Btu)

(million 

kWh)

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Gas 

(billion cu 

ft)

(million 

gallons)

(1000 

short tons)

Breeze 

(1000 

short tons)

(trillion 

Btu)

Midwest Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ..........................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

282 1 Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

291 1 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products....

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries........................

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

37 Transportation Equipment ....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total..........................................................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ..........................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................

262 1 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

28 19 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

37 Transportation Equipment .....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total ..........................................................

368

NA

NA

4

18

15

271

138

56

32

377

78

42

55

54

78

63

78

4

262

93

746

485

W

135

122

62

183

NA

8

2,781

237

19

208

18

71

17

658

261

283

21

1,522

147

141

585

124

660

643

81

3

340

115

368

173

80

67

46

61

56

NA

6

4,472

16,745

NA

NA

455

1,548

1,116

10,665

4,849

1,904

3,836

32,752

16,321

2,663

1,713

1,291

5,659

5,274

9,240

408

8,625

2,605

47,072

18,647

W

11,381

11,805

6,616

17,205

NA

657

187,971

15,357

1,353

23,070

2,637

6,274

2,339

22,306

11,597

5,189

3,797

72,096

12,586

7,852

16,627

1,757

19,167

18,654

9,144

253

12,073

3,847

41,428

10,538

20,499

6,919

7,304

9,724

7,010

NA

894

264,925

913

NA

NA

42

W

W

695

462

109

W

620

168

116

W

0

W

0

143

W

122

28

1,960

1,958

0

W

52

90

629

NA

Q

6,005

1,395

265

1,512

Q

132

86

10,172

2,596

4,550

53

4,570

394

108

1,259

W

301

W

715

W

211

W

2,257

2,235

0

W

33

72

W

NA

Q

22,449

689

NA

NA

22

W

Q

W

108

16

Q

225

24

W

52

5

285

0

64

Q

1,366

211

695

509

W

324

370

46

678

NA

W

5,635

South

1,680

55

582

105

1,521

128

958

714

121

31

947

248

59

W

18

Q

1

310

Q

2,283

198

490

W

20

279

236

128

244

NA

19

10,301

196

NA

NA

2

6

W

W

33

14

16

149

14

20

15

48

W

42

39

2

105

5

342

225

W

80

59

31

72

NA

5

1,261

Q

NA

NA

Q

7

1

11

2

1

2

4

*

W

*

*

Q

*

5

*

5

*

29

1

W

W

16

5

10

NA

*

160

3,934

NA

NA

12

W

W

4,976

2,974

1,177

12

3,482

204

W

1,243

0

55

W

192

2

4,887

3,369

2,255

1,604

0

264

633

268

1,544

NA

W

22,629

71

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

73

W

6,112

5,232

0

12

22

0

28

NA

0

6,316

8

NA

NA

*

2

1

W

17

9

W

Q

2

W

6

*

1

W

1

*

6

W

12

8

*

2

2

1

6

NA

Q

100

Census Region

124

3

72

6

9

5

194

W

83

7

860

75

74

366

113

518

509

38

W

151

W

147

76

9

37

18

24

21

NA

3

2,242

16

1

17

2

11

5

12

3

2

3

87

2

2

77

*

W

W

5

Q

W

*

9

1

W

W

8

W

W

NA

Q

260

517

407

1,586

59

0

59

7,389

W

3,225

0

9,047

905

543

2,801

0

W

W

121

Q

5,264

4,197

410

W

0

W

28

W

W

NA

0

25,142

6

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W

1,901

W

0

W

*

Q

W

NA

0

1,959

Q

*

6

*

30

1

149

39

80

1

148

3

24

W

W

53

50

1

W

W

W

1

W

*

W

*

W

2

NA

Q

429

See footnotes at end of table.

36 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 7. Total Consumption of Offsite-Produced Energy for Heat and Power 

by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 

1985 (Continued)

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code" and Industry

Total 

(trillion 

Btu)

Electricity1' 

(million 

kWh)

Residual 

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Distillate 

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Natural 

Gas 

(billion cu 

ft)

LPG 

(million 

gallons)

Coal 

(1000 

short tons)

Coke & 

Breeze 

(1000 

short tons)

Other* 

(trillion 

Btu)

West Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products..................

Tobacco Manufactures ..........................

Textile Mill Products ..............................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

Lumber and Wood Products .................

Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

Paper and Allied Products ....................

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

Paperboard Mills ................................

Printing and Publishing ..........................

Chemicals and Allied Products ............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

Petroleum Refining ............................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

Leather and Leather Products .............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

Cement, Hydraulic .............................

Primary Metal Industries ........................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

Primary Aluminum ..............................

Fabricated Metal Products ....................

Machinery, Except Electrical ................

Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

Transportation Equipment .....................

Instruments and Related Products ......

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total..........................................................

166

0

3

1

67

NA

206

89

72

9

104

27

1

3

W

133

126

16

1

140

72

189

26

86

31

21

32

40

10

3

1,176

7,228

0

197

188

5,540

NA

12,793

7,169

2,830

1,480

10,517

4,116

99

49

W

8,401

8,211

2,358

75

4,782

2,225

32,398

2,039

23,264

3,122

3,961

6,802

5,586

1,601

317

107,639

1,888

0

0

0

70

NA

3,143

1,082

1,081

0

191

168

0

W

0

Q

W

75

0

746

37

W

W

W

0

0

0

W

Q

0

7,000

639

0

4

0

1,292

NA

147

45

56

Q

141

120

W

W

1

Q

W

43

0

1,104

142

303

W

16

109

22

Q

163

Q

0

4,240

93

0

3

1

7

NA

59

W

W

3

58

7

W

3

29

W

W

6

1

48

4

60

15

6

18

7

8

W

5

2

489

23

0

*

Q

12

NA

7

2

1

1

1

*

W

*

*

Q

W

Q

*

W*

6

*

W

W

Q

Q

W

Q

Q

75

1,013

0

0

0

0

NA

490

W

W

0

200

200

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

2,664

300

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

4,754

45

0

0

0

0

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Q

0

W

0

0

0

0

0

W

0

0

123

4

0

Q

0

32

NA

70

23

30

*

2

*

*

W

*

5

W

Q

*

1

1

3

W

*

W

Q

*

2

*

0

121

" See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

b "Electricity" consists of quantities of electricity that were purchased or transferred in, and is equivalent to "purchased electricity" as defined in the 

Annual Survey of Manufactures.

c "Other" includes all other energy that was purchased or transferred in and not shown elsewhere. 

"Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q = Withheld because relative standard error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

NA=Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: «Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. »The derived estimates presented in this table represent the 

consumption of energy originally produced offsite, acquired as a result of a purchase or transfer and consumed onsite for the production of heat and 

power. This definition is consistent with the definition of "purchased" fuels and electric energy used by the Bureau of the Census in the preparation of 

"Fuels and Electric Energy Consumed," of the Annual Survey of Manufactures, for 1974 through 1981. See Appendix A.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufacturing 

Energy Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 37
Table 8. Total Consumption of Offsite-Produced Energy for Heat and Power 

by Economic Characteristics of the Establishment, 1985

(Estimates in Btu or Physical Units)

Establishment Characteristics"

Total 

(trillion 

Btu)

Electricity1' 

(million 

kWh)

Residual 

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Distillate 

Fuel Oil 

(1000 bbls)

Natural 

Gas 

(billion 

cuft)

LPG 

(million 

gallons)

Coal 

(1000 

short tons)

Coke & 

Breeze 

(1000 

short tons)

Other1- 

(trillion 

Btu)

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

Under 20.......................................

20-49 .............................................

50-99 .............................................

100-249.........................................

250-499.........................................

500 and Over ...............................

Total ................................................

Employment Size

Under 50.......................................

50-99 .............................................

100-249.........................................

250-499.........................................

500-999.........................................

1,000 and Over ............................

Total .................................................

....................... 1,486

....................... 1,374

....................... 1,218

....................... 2,109

....................... 1,329

....................... 2,182

....................... 9,698

....................... 566

....................... 608

....................... 1,665

....................... 1,676

....................... 1,899

....................... 3,284

...................... 9,698

120,462

103,943

83,457

143,826

89,466

112,814

653,968

45,263

41,012

110,290

111,526

141,520

204,358

653,968

7,943

9,998

11,739

15,743

9,879

9,255

64,557

2,682

2,875

10,553

11,758

13,299

23,391

64,557

16,985

5,334

2,402

\W

W

W

30,728

9,278

4,265

6,278

3,648

2,599

4,659

30,728

647

584

548

895

581

1,201

4,456

245

311

750

812

870

1,468

4,456

W

W

77

76

29

83

618

113

70

115

113

90

116

618

5,679

9,758

8,382

W

W

W

58,584

W

2,573

13,352

8,859

W

22,758

58,584

W

350

421

W

W

W

8,702

W

109

477

400

W

7,296

8,702

W

W

78

237

88

132

723

63

38

97

147

172

205

723

a Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size data were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A. 

b "Electricity" consists of quantities of electricity that were purchased or transferred in, and is equivalent to "purchased electricity" in the Annual Survey 

of Manufactures. 

c "Other" includes all other energy that was purchased or transferred in and not shown elsewhere.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: »Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. »The derived estimates presented in this table represent the 

consumption of energy originally produced offsite, acquired as a result of a purchase or transfer and consumed onsite for the production of heat and 

power. This definition is consistent with the definition of "purchased" fuels and electric energy used by the Bureau of the Census in the preparation of 

"Fuels and Electric Energy Consumed," of the Annual Survey of Manufactures, 1974 through 1981. See Appendix A.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufacturing 

Energy Consumption Survey."

38 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 9. Electricity Cogeneration by Census Region, Industry Group, 

and Selected Industries, 1985

(Million Kilowatthours)

SIC

Code'

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

262 1

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

33 12

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Industry Group

Food and Kindred Products ..................

Tobacco Manufactures ..........................

Textile Mill Products ..............................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

Lumber and Wood Products .................

Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

Paper and Allied Products ....................

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

Paperboard Mills ................................

Printing and Publishing ..........................

Chemicals and Allied Products ............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

Petroleum Refining ............................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

Leather and Leather Products .............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

Cement, Hydraulic .............................

Primary Metal Industries ........................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

Primary Aluminum ..............................

Fabricated Metal Products ....................

Machinery, Except Electrical ................

Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

Transportation Equipment .....................

Instruments and Related Products ......

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total..........................................................

Total United States

3,618

W

305

0

Q

Q

32,866

15,510

11,921

26

19,827

687

578

9,913

W

5,507

5,006

69

W

207

W

4,556

3,209

*

65

194

Q

318

W

*

69,755

Northeast

188

0

9

0

0

Q

2,878

2,469

117

Q

1,052

0

W

W

0

W

W

34

0

W

0

W

W

0

65

W

Q

W

W

*

6,235

Census

Midwest

1,079

0

0

0

W

Q

4,896

3,515

817

Q

W

25

W

517

0

W

W

0

W

W

0

2,917

2,122

0

0

W

0

W

0

0

10,733

Region

South

697

W

296

0

73

Q

21,596

8,384

9,287

0

17,001

615

350

W

W

3,494

3,435

Q

0

0

0

926

W

*

0

Q

*

0

0

0

44,298

West

1,655

0

0

0

Q

0

3,496

1,141

1,700

W

W

47

0

W

W

1,103

666

W

0

W

W

W

0

0

0

0

Q

W

W

0

8,489

a See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. 

* Estimate less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

Notes: »Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. eElectricity cogeneration is defined as the production of electri 

cal energy and another form of useful energy (such as heat or steam) through the sequential use of energy.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F),"1985 Manufacturing 

Energy Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 39
Table 10. Selected Operating Ratios for Total Energy Consumption for Heat and 

Power by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 

1985

SIC 

Code"

Industry Group 

and Industry

Consumption per

Employee (million

Btu)

Consumption per

Dollar of Value

Added (thousand

Btu)

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value of

Shipments 

(thousand Btu)

Major Byproducts'1

as a Percent of

Consumption

(percent)

Fuel Oilc as a

Percent of Natural

Gas (percent)

Total United States

20 Food and Kindred Products..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures..........................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products.................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products....

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment.......

37 Transportation Equipment.....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries.............

 All Manufacturing .................................

20 Food and Kindred Products..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures..........................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products.................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products....

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries ........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment.......

37 Transportation Equipment.....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

 All Manufacturing .................................

667.5

403.4

396.9

35.8

559.3

106.5

3,440.2

7,797.0

13,912.7

62.8

3,202.7

3,568.2

4,767.8

8,588.4

26,737.7

21,943.2

30,156.6

304.0

91.0

1,712.7

15,417.4

3,270.4

7,761.4

11,133.0

223.2

127.1

111.8

183.0

112.6

102.1

821.5

426.7

NA

291.4

31.0

171.2

147.2

W

W

3,830.1 

W

913.8

1,475.4

W

1,860.6 

W

10,959.9

20,676.9

246.2

77.9

1,439.0

13,916.0

2,641.6

W

W

219.7

116.6

W

173.8 

140.9 

115.4 

463.6

7.9

1.6

12.3

1.0

16.0

3.1

48.9

91.1

169.7

1.2

29.1

36.5

40.7

70.4

221.3

158.9

185.5

6.0

3.3

29.8

147.8

63.1

130.7

241.9

4.6

2.1

2.1

2.6

1.7

2.6

13.7

2.9

1.1

4.6

0.5

6.7

1.7

21.5

40.5

70.6

0.8

13.1

21.2

14.2

25.2

66.2

14.8

15.4

3.0

1.6

15.8

78.1

22.1

44.3

48.8

2.2

1.1

1.2 

1.1 

1.1 

1.4 

6.1

Q 

0 

0 

0 

W 

0

33.2

29.7

38.6

0

W

0

W

W

0

44.3

45.3

0

0

W

W

19.9

28.3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

17.7

Northeast Census Region

5.3 

NA 

9.0 

1.1 

5.8 

4.2 

W 

W

68.5 

W 

7.8

18.8 

W

15.2 

W

163.9

456.4

5.2

3.3

24.1 

136.8

54.2 

W 

W 

4.5 

2.2 

W 

2.4 

1.8 

2.8 

8.1

2.1 

NA 

3.7 

0.5 

2.6 

2.3 

W 

W

31.7 

W 

4.3 

9.2 

W 

7.0 

W

12.2

13.3

2.6

1.5

14.1

71.2

19.8

W

W

2.6

1.2

W

1.2

1.2

1.5

4.1

0

NA

0

0

0

0

W

W

0

0

0"0 

0 

0 

0

39.9

44.1

0

0

W

W

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

13.2

13.4

66.0

25.5

28.5

W

15.6

W

54.0

33.8

W

7.4

8.8

W

W

W

17.3

15.0

W

77.7

11.0

W

7.6

9.7

W

8.7

14.3

W

20.3 

W

20.9 

 14.8

40.1

NA

100.8

104.6

Q

40.3

141.5

W

W

Q

95.7

91.2

69.7

W

W

W

W

61.1

W

10.9 

Q 

W 

W 

W

27.6

61.9

W

W

125.8

W

55.8

See footnotes at end of table.

40 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 10. Selected Operating Ratios for Total Energy Consumption for Heat and 

Power by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 

1985 (Continued)

SIC 

Code"

Industry Group 

and Industry

Consumption per

Employee (million

Btu)

Consumption per

Dollar of Value

Added (thousand

Btu)

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value of

Shipments 

(thousand Btu)

Major Byproducts'"

as a Percent of

Consumption

(percent)

20 Food and Kindred Products..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures..........................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products.................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products....

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment.......

37 Transportation Equipment.....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

 All Manufacturing .................................

20 Food and Kindred Products..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures..........................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products.................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products....

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment.......

37 Transportation Equipment.....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

 All Manufacturing .................................

865.3

NA

NA

60.6

276.2

132.0

W

5,024.5

7,766.2

76.6

2,196.0

6,415.7

W

3,576.5

25,943.4

12,704.4

23,590.6

298.0

142.5

1,925.5

W

3,831.9

9,099.8

10,256.5

245.5

169.8

148.9

269.4

NA

101.6

745.5

534.3

407.8

426.4

35.5

792.4

96.4

5,953.3

W

16,195.6

65.1

5,008.8

3,262.2

6,873.0

11,793.7

W

28,353.7

34,970.2

384.8

73.1

1,547.5

W

2,870.8

6,286.3

11,214.4

208.1

109.2

115.3

151.3

NA

87.9

1,197.0

Midwest Census Region

10.1 

NA 

NA 

0.6 

8.0 

2.9 

W

60.5

95.0 

1.5

19.6

62.2 

W

34.1 

406.9

96.8

131.3

6.2

4.2

29.8 

W

69.9

147.2

282.4

4.8

2.8

2.7

3.6

NA

2.4

11.7

3.2

NA

NA

0.3

3.5

1.6

W

28.1

48.4

1.1

8.8

31.4

W

14.5

64.0

10.8

11.6

3.0

2.2

16.3

W

26.4

48.6

48.8

2.4

1.5

1.4

1.2 

NA

1.3 

5.0

0

NA

NA

0

W

0

W

16.0

2.3

0

Q

0

0

0

0

56.4 

59.0 

0 

0 

0 

0

22.7 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA

0

14.2

South Census Region

5.8

1.6 

13.6

1.3 

25.2

3.3 

84.7

W 

190.4

1.3 

45.3 

33.0 

55.0 

93.2

W

191.8 

208.2

6.6

2.5 

31.9

W

63.0 

121.4 

257.8

4.5

1.9

2.1

2.2

NA

2.4

20.5

2.5

1.0 

4.9 

0.7 

9.2 

1.7 

36.2 

W

78.3

0.8

18.5

19.8

17.3

30.4

W

16.7

17.1

3.5

1.3

15.6

W

18.6

38.5

50.6

1.7

0.9

1.1

0.9

NA

1.3

8.4

Q 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

40.8 

W

42.7

0

W

0

W

W

0

39.5

40.1

0

0

W

0

16.9

28.4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

0

19.5

Fuel Oilc as a

Percent of Natural

Gas (percent)

4.8 

NA 

NA 

18.1 

W 

W 

W 

W 

5.4 

W 

3.3 

8.2 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W 

8.1 

W 

4.6 

W 

W 

W 

4.1 

W 

W 

NA 

Q 

8.7

14.5

63.1

17.3

Q

103.9

24.4 

W 

W

34.2 

W 

3.9 

4.2 

W 

W 

W 

2.3 

W 

W 

W 

9.4 

W

11.2 

W 

W 

W 

8.6 

4.9 

W

NA

Q

9.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 41
Table 10. Selected Operating Ratios for Total Energy Consumption for Heat and 

Power by Census Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 

1985 (Continued)

SIC Industry Group 

Code* and Industry

Consumption per 

Employee (million 

Btu)

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value 

Added (thousand 

Btu)

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value of 

Shipments 

(thousand Btu)

Major Byproducts'" 

as a Percent of 

Consumption 

(percent)

Fuel Oil0 as a 

Percent of Natural 

Gas (percent)

West Census Region

20

21

22

23 

24

25

26

2621 

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312 

3334

34

35

36 

37

38 

39

Textile Mill Products ..............................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper . 

Paperboard Mills ................................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

Instruments and Related Products ......

All Manufacturing .................................

825.1

0

366.5

24.4 

640.6

NA

4,451.4

W 

15,863.6

47.0

2,655.4

3,202.0

897.6

2,251.5

W

25,868.4

27,982.9

214.5 

90.1

2,230.5

15,091.9

3,083.5

W 

W

184.8

69.2

W 

88.0

71.6 

89.5

692.3

11.8

0

9.5

0.9 

15.5

NA

62.1

W 

192.2

0.8

38.9

32.4

9.8

21.0

W

146.0

150.5

4.8 

2.8

32.6

127.1

52.2

W 

W

4.0

0.9

W 

1.3

1.4 

2.2

11.6

4.1

0

3.5

0.4 

7.2

NA

25.5

W 

67.8

0.6

16.8

20.7

2.5

10.9

W

14.7

14.8

2.4 

1.5

17.4

69.1

17.2

W 

W

2.2

0.5

W 

0.7

0.9

1.2

5.5

0

0

0

0 

0

NA

37.5

W 

43.9

0

0

0

0

0

0

51.5

52.1

0 

0

0

0

W

W 

0

0

0

0 

0

0 

0

22.6

16.3

0

.8

0 

W

NA

33.7

W 

W

W

3.2

19.3

W

W

0

W

W

11.0 

0

22.6

26.1

W

W 

W

3.4

1.8

1.1 

W

Q 

0

18.5

" See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

b "Major Byproduct" fuels include coke oven and blast furnace gas (produced primarily in the blast furnace industry, SIC 3312); still gas (produced pri 

marily in refineries, SIC 2911); and pulping liquor (produced primarily in pulp and paper mills, SIC 2611 and 2621). 

c "Fuel Oil" includes distillate and residual.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

NA = Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source; Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F),"1985 Manufacturing 

Energy Consumption Survey," and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1985 Annual Survey of Manufactures."

42 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 11. Selected Operating Ratios for Total Energy Consumption for Heat and 

Power by Economic Characteristics of the Establishment, 1985

Establishment Characteristics8

Consumption per 

Employee 

(million Btu)

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value 

Added 

(thousand Btu)

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value of 

Shipments 

(thousand Btu)

Major Byproducts'1 

as a Percent of 

Consumption 

(percent)

Fuel Oilc as a 

Percent of Natural 

Gas (percent)

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

Under 20.............................................

20-49 ...................................................

50-99 ...................................................

100-249 ...............................................

250-499...............................................

500 and Over .....................................

All Manufacturing ...............................

Employment Size

Under 50.............................................

50-99 ...................................................

100-249.........................................:.....

250-499...............................................

500-999...............................................

1,000 and Over ..................................

All Manufacturing ...............................

................. 232.6

................. 502.5

................. 770.5

................. 1,575.1

................. 1,629.7

................. 2,218.6

................. 821.5

................. 314.7

................. 359.2

................. 595.2

................. 826.7

................. 1,303.9

................. 1,154.2

................. 821.5

6.1

9.6

12.5

18.1

19.1

21.1

13.7

5.9

7.5

12.1

14.3

20.3

15.4

13.7

3.2

4.4

5.5

8.5

8.5

7.4

6.1

2.9

3.4

5.1

6.4

8.6

6.8

6.1

0.1

2.3

8.6

17.5

16.1

32.7

17.7

Q

3.9

8.2

15.0

24.8

22.3

17.7

22.3

15.6

15.8

W

W

W

14.8

28.1

15.1

15.4

12.2

13.3

14.6

14.8

• Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A.

b "Major Byproduct" fuels include coke oven and blast furnace gas (produced primarily in the blast furnace industry, SIC 3312); still gas (produced pri 

marily in refineries, SIC 2911); and pulping liquor (produced primarily in pulp and paper mills, SIC 2611 and 2621). 

c "Fuel Oil" includes distillate and residual.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufacturing 

Energy Consumption Survey," and Bureau of the Census, Industry Division, data files for the "1985 Annual Survey of Manufactures."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 43
Table 12. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Types of Energy by Census 

Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985

Part 1. (Dollars per Physical Unit)

SIC

Code"

Industry Groups

and Industry

Electricity

(kWh)

Residual Fuel

Oil (gallon)

Distillate Fuel

Oil (gallon)

Natural Gas

(1000 cu ft)

LPG

(gallon)

Coal

(short ton)

Total United States

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

33/2

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ......................

Tobacco Manufactures ..............................

Textile Mill Products ...................................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .....................

Furniture and Fixtures ................................

Paper and Allied Products .........................

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ......

Paperboard Mills .....................................

Printing and Publishing ..............................

Chemicals and Allied Products .................

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ..............

Plastics Materials and Resins ...............

Industrial Organic Chemicals ................

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........................

Petroleum and Coal Products ...................

Petroleum Refining .................................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ..................

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..............

Cement, Hydraulic ..................................

Primary Metal Industries ............................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminum* .................................

Fabricated Metal Products ........................

Machinery, Except Electrical .....................

Electric and Electronic Equipment ...........

Transportation Equipment .........................

Instruments and Related Products ...........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................

All Manufacturing ......................................

0.055

0.048

0.047

0.068

0.054

0.062

0.044

0.042

0.043

0.066

0.040

0.032

0.046

0.041

0.038

0.050

0.049

0.057

0.067

0.051

0.047

0.037

0.046

0.023

0.060

0.061

0.056

0.055

0.061

0.068

0.047

0.643

0.663

0.715

0.744

0.696

0.730

0.635

0.649

0.617

0.695

0.649

0.727

0.687

0.602

W

0.598

0.530

0.682

0.656

0.650

0.627

0.625

0.615

W

0.702

0.694

0.712

0.724

0.669

0.741

0.648

0.913

0.882

0.835

0.899

0.864

0.914

0.825

0.800

0.848

0.831

0.808

0.813

0.858

0.819

0.876

0.740

W

0.854

0.893

0.953

0.825

0.841

0.832

0.873

0.906

0.863

0.846

0.856

0.850

0.917

0.857

4.340

4.756

4.688

5.331

4.710

5.194

4.003

3.935

3.771

5.103

3.118

3.248

3.202

3.215

2.616

3.341

3.294

4.479

4.899

4.309

4.104

4.249

4.098

4.314

4.835

4.820

4.872

4.787

4.750

5.063

3.840

0.579

0.732

0.584

0.661

0.595

0.632

0.648

0.586

0.681

0.856

0.446

0.601

0.392

0.437

W

0.437

0.437

0.705

0.639

0.595

0.703

0.557

0.655

0.438

0.761

0.763

0.649

0.607

Q

0.860

0.454

38.28

49.69

50.43

55.76

W

54.42

43.65

43.74

43.65

W

40.94

44.97

40.37

38.12

0

40.08

40.13

46.53

39.97

41.20

40.14

54.08

54.49

197.45

50.45

40.20

45.18

51.62

W

51.60

47.22

Northeast Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

28 19

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ......................

Tobacco Manufactures ..............................

Textile Mill Products ...................................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .....................

Furniture and Fixtures ................................

Paper and Allied Products .........................

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ......

Paperboard Mills .....................................

Printing and Publishing ..............................

Chemicals and Allied Products .................

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ..............

Plastics Materials and Resins ...............

Industrial Organic Chemicals ................

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........................

Petroleum and Coal Products ...................

Petroleum Refining .................................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ..................

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..............

Cement, Hydraulic ..................................

Primary Metal Industries ............................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminum* .................................

Fabricated Metal Products ........................

Machinery, Except Electrical .....................

Electric and Electronic Equipment ...........

Transportation Equipment .........................

Instruments and Related Products ...........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................

All Manufacturing ......................................

0.070

NA

0.070

0.086

0.059

0.072

0.056

0.053

0.062

0.079

0.047

0.064

0.062

0.036

0.014

0.063

0.058

0.072

0.080

0.055

0.050

0.043

0.047

W

0.068

0.072

0.058

0.066

0.073

0.073

0.058

0.684

NA

0.717

0.740

W

0.727

0.666

0.659

0.659

Q

0.709

0.792

0.697

0.680

W

0.676

W

0.713

0.677

0.673

W

0.689

0.681

0

0.724

0.695

0.722

0.707

0.667

0.752

0.688

0.869

NA

0.905

0.914

Q

0.878

0.870

0.895

0

0.824

0.860

0.872

0.822

0.855

W

0.782

W

0.846

0.942

0.893

0.850

0.861

0.863

W

0.883

0.863

0.855

0.830

0.853

0.930

0.863

5.015

NA

5.283

6.044

5.556

6.003

4.499

4.209

4.282

5.700

4.869

4.937

4.536

4.799

W

4.309

4.118

5.220

5.619

4.696

4.496

4.502

4.355

W

5.064

4.943

5.346

5.212

5.185

5.712

4.801

0.609

NA

0.634

W

Q

0.709

0.607

0.564

0.669

Q

W

0.617

W

W

W

W

W

0.675

0.649

0.551

0.838

0.583

0.584

W

0.823

0.757

0.634

0.649

0.909

0.893

Q

48.52

NA

W

0

0

W

43.57

43.14

W

W

49.95

W

48.44

0

0

37.96

37.96

0

37.66

41.47

37.38

51.75

51.92

W

69.33

52.85

W

W

W

52.36

49.99

See footnotes at end of table.

44 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 12. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Types of Energy by Census 

Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985 (Continued)

Part 1. (Dollars per Physical Unit)

sic

Code'

Industry Groups 

and Industry

Electricity 

(kWh)

Residual Fuel 

Oil (gallon)

Distillate Fuel 

Oil (gallon)

Natural Gas 

(1000 cu ft)

LPG 

(gallon)

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................... 0.051

21 Tobacco Manufactures .............................. NA

22 Textile Mill Products ................................... NA

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ........ 0.068

24 Lumber and Wood Products ..................... 0.063

25 Furniture and Fixtures................................ 0.060

26 Paper and Allied Products......................... 0.048

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper...... 0.044

2631 Paperboard Mills..................................... 0.043

27 Printing and Publishing .............................. 0.064

28 Chemicals and Allied Products................. 0.032

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals.............. 0.020

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins............... 0.039

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals................ 0.042

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers........................... 0.036

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ................... 0.045

2911 Petroleum Refining................................. 0.043

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........ 0.053

31 Leather and Leather Products .................. 0.060

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .............. 0.047

3241 Cement, Hydraulic.................................. 0.042

33 Primary Metal Industries ............................ 0.041

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............ 0.048

3334 Primary Aluminum* ................................. 0.023

34 Fabricated Metal Products ........................ 0.059

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ..................... 0.057

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ........... 0.054

37 Transportation Equipment ......................... 0.051

38 Instruments and Related Products ........... NA

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ................. 0.067

	All Manufacturing...................................... 0.046

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................... 0.053

21 Tobacco Manufactures .............................. 0.048

22 Textile Mill Products................................... 0.045

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ........ 0.061

24 Lumber and Wood Products ..................... 0.057

25 Furniture and Fixtures................................ 0.058

26 Paper and Allied Products......................... 0.043

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper...... 0.041

2631 Paperboard Mi/Is..................................... 0.042

27 Printing and Publishing .............................. 0.057

28 Chemicals and Allied Products................. 0.043

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals.............. 0.048

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins............... 0.045

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ................ 0.041

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers........................... 0.039

29 Petroleum and Coal Products................... 0.044

2911 Petroleum Refining................................. 0.043

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........ 0.048

31 Leather and Leather Products.................. 0.065

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .............. 0.048

3241 Cement, Hydraulic.................................. 0.043

33 Primary Metal Industries ............................ 0.037

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............ 0.042

3334 Primary Aluminurrf'................................. 0.028

34 Fabricated Metal Products ........................ 0.052

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ..................... 0.054

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ........... 0.051

37 Transportation Equipment ......................... 0.049

38 Instruments and Related Products........... NA

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ................. 0.058

	Ali Manufacturing..................................... 0.045

Midwest Census Region

0.600 

NA 

NA 

W 

W

0.737 

0.590 

0.588 

0.579 

W

0.653 

W

0.646

W

0

0.510 

W

0.557 

W

0.607 

0.555 

0.613 

0.613 

0

0.655

0.686

0.612

0.664

NA

W

0.599

0.641 

0.669 

0.711 

0.753 

0.691 

0.734 

0.617 

0.634 

0.609

W

0.612 

0.664 

0.659 

0.584 

0 

0.623

W 

0.677

W

0.662 

0.703

W

W 

0

0.733 

0.666 

0.764 

0.860 

NA

Q 

0.628

W 

NA 

NA 

W

0.836 

Q

0.865

0.864

0.713

Q

Q

0.726 

W

0.816

0.931

0.763

0

0.850 

W

0.961 

0.788 

0.829 

0.814 

W

0.886 

0.867 

0.962 

0.884 

NA 

0.926 

0.859

4.207

NA

NA

5.052

4.815

4.915

4.201

4.102

4.210

4.818

3.894

4.234

3.774

W

3.053 

3.850 

3.723 

4.492 

4.879 

4.199 

3.679 

4.191 

4.057 

4.211 

4.734 

4.754 

4.678 

4.591 

NA 

4.806 

4.259

South Census Region

0.933 

0.881 

0.795 

0.872 

0.832 

0.876 

0.786 

0.766 

0.871 

0.917 

0.846 

0.824 

0.933 

0.773 

0.874

W

W 

0.864

Q

0.984 

0.838 

0.837 

0.836 

0.843

W

0.844 

0.782 

0.812

NA 

0.822 

0.851

4.234 

4.801 

4.568 

5.209 

4.136 

4.969 

3.655 

3.637 

3.534 

5.150 

2.988 

2.863 

2.994 

3.037 

2.779 

3.198 

3.175 

4.100 

4.847 

4.053 

4.094 

4.107 

4.049 

4.093 

4.523 

4.539 

4.618 

4.638 

NA 

4.790 

3.416

0.530

NA

NA

Q

0.560

0.578

0.714

0.690

0.710

Q

W

0.703 

W 

W

0.486 

0.589 

0.590 

0.714 

0.796 

0.691 

0.632 

0.526 

0.812 

W

0.749 

0.737 

0.660 

0.553 

NA 

0.711 

0.419

0.613 

0.725 

0.562 

0.680 

0.571 

0.605 

0.680 

0.620 

0.674 

0.852 

0.458 

0.553 

0.443 

0.429

W

0.382 

0.382 

0.647

Q

0.577 

0.708 

0.569

W

0.505 

0.726 

0.738 

0.621 

0.600 

NA

Q 

0.446

Coal 

(short ton)

37.62 

NA 

NA 

W 

W 

W

42.81

44.18

41.33

W

39.48

40.06

W

35.21

0

W

W

52.04 

66.89 

36.59 

33.52 

55.37 

56.33 

W

48.63

38.49

44.08

53.39

NA

W

47.87

44.30

49.69

50.49

W

0

54.07 

44.52 

44.65 

43.67 

0

40.46

46.48

40.89

39.28

0

W

W

37.10 

W

43.31

42.75

55.77

55.48

166.05

46.64

W

W

51.23

NA

0

45.58

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 45
Table 12. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Types of Energy by Census 

Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985 (Continued)

Part 1. (Dollars per Physical Unit)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code" and Industry

Electricity 

(kWn)

Residual Fuel 

Oil (gallon)

Distillate Fuel 

Oil (gallon)

Natural Gas 

(1000 cu ft)

LPG 

(gallon)

Coal 

(short ton)

West Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ......................

Tobacco Manufactures ..............................

Textile Mill Products ...................................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .....................

Furniture and Fixtures ................................

Paper and Allied Products .........................

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ......

Paperboard Mills .....................................

Printing and Publishing ..............................

Chemicals and Allied Products .................

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ..............

Plastics Materials and Resins ...............

Industrial Organic Chemicals ................

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........................

Petroleum and Coal Products ...................

Petroleum Refining .................................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ..................

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..............

Cement, Hydraulic ..................................

Primary Metal Industries ............................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminum* .................................

Fabricated Metal Products ........................

Machinery, Except Electrical .....................

Electric and Electronic Equipment ...........

Transportation Equipment .........................

Instruments and Related Products ...........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................

All Manufacturing ......................................

0.056

0

0.069

0.091

0.047

NA

0.037

0.033

0.041

0.075

0.030

0.025

0.071

0.061

0.039

0.063

0.062

0.075

0.054

0.059

0.057

0.025

0.041

0.020

0.066

0.070

0.065

0.066

0.058

0.075

0.045

0.616

0

0

0

0.680

NA

0.598

0.632

0.616

0

0.679

0.693

0

W

0

0.619

0.601

0.661

0

0.639

W

W

W

W

0

0

0

W

W

0

0.614

0.864

0

W

0

0.879

NA

0.824

0.807

0.847

Q

0.745

0.756

0.629

W

W

0.690

W

0.862

W

0.893

0.843

0.836

W

0.890

0.722

W

0.824

0.875

Q

W

0.861

4.404

0

5.459

5.320

5.119

NA

4.471

4.324

4.305

5.642

2.278

4.355

5.431

4.823

1.466

3.569

3.536

5.378

4.158

4.818

4.543

4.434

3.568

4.603

5.507

5.760

5.283

5.590

4.784

4.967

4.002

0.634

0

0.795

W

0.616

NA

0.644

0.607

0.691

0.576

0.708

0.777

0.659

0.811

W

0.626

0.628

Q

W

0.669

0.861

0.631

0.766

0.535

0.796

0.908

0.836

0.700

Q

0.762

0.642

36.91

0

0

0

0

NA

W

W

W

0

41.99

41.99

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

45.37

45.59

48.00

W

267.85

0

0

0

0

0

0

44.01

a See Appendices A and D for description of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

b The price estimates for coal for SIC 3334 includes anthracite coal for the production of carbon anodes. Because of the high cost of transporting an 

thracite from the east coast to the West and South, the prices of coal in those regions are extremely high.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

NA=Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufactur 

ing Energy Consumption Survey."

46 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 12. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Types of Energy by Census 

Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985

Part 2. (Dollars per Million Btu)

SIC 

Code"

Industry Groups 

and Industry Electricity Residual Fuel 

Oil

Distillate Fuel 

Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal

Total United States

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

-2S79

.?&?/

,?fl69

,?S73

29

297 /

30

31

32

3241

33

337,?

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ......................

Tobacco Manufactures ..............................

Textile Mill Products ...................................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .....................

Furniture and Fixtures ................................

Paper and Allied Products .........................

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ......

Paperboard Mills .....................................

Printing and Publishing...............................

Chemicals and Allied Products .................

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ..............

Plastics Materials and Resins ...............

Industrial Organic Chemicals ................

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........................

Petroleum and Coal Products ...................

Petroleum Refining .................................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ..................

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..............

Cement, Hydraulic ..................................

Primary Metal Industries ............................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminum* .................................

Fabricated Metal Products ........................

Machinery, Except Electrical .....................

Electric and Electronic Equipment ...........

Transportation Equipment .........................

Instruments and Related Products ...........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................

All Manufacturing ......................................

16.17

14.15

13.90

19.85

15.79

18.16

12.98

12.23

12.60

19.32

11.63

9.31

13.46

11.99

11.10

14.55

14.26

16.67

19.56

14.85

13.66

10.70

13.36

6.64

17.47

17.95

16.53

16.11

17.82

19.92

13.92

4.29

4.43

4.77

4.97

4.65

4.88

4.24

4.33

4.12

4.64

4.33

4.85

4.59

4.02

W

4.00

3.54

4.56

4.38

4.34

4.19

4.18

4.11

W

4.69

4.64

4.75

4.84

4.47

4.95

4.33

6.58

6.36

6.02

6.48

6.23

6.59

5.95

5.77

6.11

5.99

5.83

5.86

6.18

5.91

6.32

5.34

W

6.16

6.44

6.87

5.95

6.06

6.00

6.29

6.54

6.23

6.10

6.17

6.13

6.61

6.18

4.21

4.61

4.54

5.17

4.56

5.03

3.88

3.81

3.65

4.95

3.02

3.15

3.10

3.12

2.54

3.24

3.19

4.34

4.75

4.18

3.98

4.12

3.97

4.18

4.69

4.67

4.72

4.64

4.60

4.91

3.72

6.73

8.51

6.79

7.68

6.92

7.35

7.54

6.81

7.92

9.95

5.18

6.99

4.55

5.08

W

5.08

5.08

8.20

7.43

6.92

8.17

6.47

7.61

5.09

8.85

8.87

7.54

7.06

Q

10.00

5.28

1.74

2.26

2.29

2.46

W

2.46

1.98

1.99

1.98

W

1.86

2.04

1.83

1.73

0

1.82

1.82

2.11

1.82

1.87

1.82

2.46

.2,48

8.75

2.29

1.83

2.05

2.33

W

2.26

2.14

Northeast Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2S7S

2821

2869

2873

29

.297 /

30

31

32

3241

33

337.2

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ......................

Tobacco Manufactures ..............................

Textile Mill Products ...................................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .....................

Furniture and Fixtures ................................

Paper and Allied Products .........................

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ......

Paperboard Mills .....................................

Printing and Publishing ..............................

Chemicals and Allied Products .................

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ..............

Plastics Materials and Resins ...............

Industrial Organic Chemicals ................

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........................

Petroleum and Coal Products ...................

Petroleum Refining .................................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ..................

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..............

Cement, Hydraulic ..................................

Primary Metal Industries ............................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminurrf .................................

Fabricated Metal Products ........................

Machinery, Except Electrical .....................

Electric and Electronic Equipment ...........

Transportation Equipment .........................

Instruments and Related Products ...........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................

All Manufacturing ......................................

20.40

NA

20.45

25.31

17.36

21.17

16.50

15.54

18.31

23.11

13.88

18.75

18.11

10.45

4.24

18.38

17.12

21.03

23.32

16.09

14.54

12.67

13.77

W

19.82

21.10

16.87

19.27

21.25

21.53

17.05

4.57

NA

4.79

4.94

W

4.86

4.45

4.40

4.40

Q

4.74

5.29

4.66

4.54

W

4.52

W

4.77

4.52

4.50

W

4.60

4.55

0

4.84

4.65

4.82

4.72

4.46

5.03

4.60

6.27

NA

6.52

6.59

Q

6.33

6.28

6.45

Q

5.94

6.20

6.29

5.93

6.17

W

5.64

W

6.10

6.80

6.44

6.13

6.21

6.22

W

6.36

6.22

6.17

5.98

6.15

6.70

6.23

4.86

NA

5.12

5.86

5.38

5.82

4.36

4.08

4.15

5.52

4.72

4.78

4.40

4.65

W

4.18

3.99

5.06

5.45

4.55

4.36

4.36

4.22

W

4.91

4.79

5.18

5.05

5.02

5.54

4.65

7.08

NA

7.37

W

Q

8.25

7.05

6.56

7.79

Q

W

7.17

W

W

W

W

W

7.85

7.55

6.40

9.75

6.79

6.79

W

9.57

8.81

7.38

7.55

10.57

10.38

Q

2.20

NA

W

0

0

W

1.98

1.96

W

W

2.25

W

2.17

0

0

1.72

1.72

0

1.71

1.88

1.70

2.35

2.36

W

3.10

2.40

W

W

W

2.27

2.27

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 47
Table 12. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Types of Energy by Census 

Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985 (Continued)

Part 2. (Dollars per Million Btu)

SIC 

Code"

Industry Groups 

and Industry Electricity Residual Fuel 

Oil

Distillate Fuel 

Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal

Midwest Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

33/2

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ......................

Tobacco Manufactures ..............................

Textile Mill Products ...................................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .....................

Furniture and Fixtures ................................

Paper and Allied Products .........................

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ......

Paperboard Mills .....................................

Printing and Publishing ..............................

Chemicals and Allied Products .................

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ..............

Plastics Materials and Resins ...............

Industrial Organic Chemicals ................

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........................

Petroleum and Coal Products ...................

Petroleum Refining .................................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ..................

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..............

Cement, Hydraulic ..................................

Primary Metal Industries ............................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminurrf .................................

Fabricated Metal Products ........................

Machinery, Except Electrical .....................

Electric and Electronic Equipment ...........

Transportation Equipment .........................

Instruments and Related Products ...........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................

All Manufacturing ......................................

15.05

NA

NA

19.98

18.59

17.50

13.96

12.99

12.57

18.69

9.25

5.81

11.55

12.38

10.62

13.12

12.70

15.58

17.64

13.84

12.23

12.12

13.98

6.65

17.25

16.81

15.92

15.09

NA

19.56

13.62

4.01

NA

NA

W

W

4.92

3.94

3.93

3.87

W

4.36

W

4.32

W

0

3.41

W

3.72

W

4.06

3.71

4.09

4.09

0

4.38

4.58

4.09

4.44

NA

W

4.00

W

NA

NA

W

6.03

Q

6.24

6.23

5.14

Q

Q

5.23

W

5.88

6.71

5.51

0

6.13

W

6.93

5.68

5.98

5.87

W

6.39

6.25

6.93

6.38

NA

6.68

6.19

4.08

NA

NA

4.90

4.67

4.76

4.07

3.97

4.08

4.67

3.77

4.10

3.66

W

2.96

3.73

3.61

4.35

4.73

4.07

3.57

4.06

3.93

4.08

4.59

4.61

4.53

4.45

NA

4.66

4.13

6.16

NA

NA

Q

6.51

6.73

8.30

8.03

8.25

Q

W

8.18

W

W

5.65

6.84

6.86

8.30

9.26

8.03

7.35

6.12

9.44

W

8.71

8.57

7.68

6.43

NA

8.27

4.87

1.71

NA

NA

W

W

W

1.94

2.00

1.88

W

1.79

1.82

W

1.60

0

W

W

2.36

3.04

1.66

1.52

2.52

2.56

W

2.21

1.75

2.00

2.42

NA

W

2.17

South Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

33/2

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ......................

Tobacco Manufactures ..............................

Textile Mill Products ...................................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .....................

Furniture and Fixtures ................................

Paper and Allied Products .........................

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ......

Paperboard Mills .....................................

Printing and Publishing ..............................

Chemicals and Allied Products .................

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ..............

Plastics Materials and Resins ...............

Industrial Organic Chemicals ................

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........................

Petroleum and Coal Products ...................

Petroleum Refining .................................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ..................

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..............

Cement, Hydraulic ..................................

Primary Metal Industries ............................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminurrf' .................................

Fabricated Metal Products ........................

Machinery, Except Electrical .....................

Electric and Electronic Equipment ...........

Transportation Equipment .........................

Instruments and Related Products ...........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................

All Manufacturing ......................................

15.59

14.00

13.27

17.78

16.70

16.90

12.48

11.90

12.42

16.79

12.75

14.17

13.24

12.10

11.51

12.76

12.66

13.99

19.05

14.08

12.59

10.75

12.25

8.32

15.20

15.86

14.99

14.29

NA

17.09

13.31

4.28

4.47

4.75

5.03

4.61

4.91

4.12

4.24

4.07

W

4.09

4.43

4.40

3.90

0

4.17

W

4.52

W

4.42

4.70

W

W

0

4.90

4.45

5.10

5.75

NA

Q

4.20

6.73

6.35

5.73

6.29

6.00

6.32

5.67

5.52

6.28

6.61

6.10

5.94

6.73

5.58

6.31

W

W

6.23

Q

7.10

6.04

6.04

6.03

6.08

W

6.09

5.64

5.85

NA

5.93

6.14

4.10

4.65

4.43

5.05

4.01

4.82

3.54

3.52

3.42

4.99

2.90

2.77

2.90

2.94

2.69

3.10

3.08

3.97

4.70

3.93

3.97

3.98

3.92

3.97

4.38

4.40

4.48

4.49

NA

4.64

3.31

7.13

8.43

6.53

7.90

6.64

7.04

7.91

7.21

7.84

9.91

5.33

6.43

5.15

4.99

W

4.44

4.44

7.52

Q

6.72

8.23

6.62

W

5.88

8.45

8.58

7.22

6.98

NA

Q

5.19

1.99

2.26

2.29

W

0

2.45

2.02

2.03

1.98

0

1.84

2.11

1.86

1.78

0

W

W

1.69

W

1.97

1.94

2.53

2.52

7.43

2.12

W

W

2.33

NA

0

2.07

See footnotes at end of table.

48 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 12. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Types of Energy by Census 

Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1985 (Continued)

Part 2. (Dollars per Million Btu)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code' and Industry Electricity Residual Fuel 

Oil

Distillate Fuel 

Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal

West Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ......................

Tobacco Manufactures ..............................

Textile Mill Products ...................................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .....................

Furniture and Fixtures ................................

Paper and Allied Products .........................

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ......

Paperboard Mills .....................................

Printing and Publishing ..............................

Chemicals and Allied Products .................

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ..............

Plastics Materials and Resins ...............

Industrial Organic Chemicals ................

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........................

Petroleum and Coal Products ...................

Petroleum Refining .................................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ..................

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..............

Cement, Hydraulic ..................................

Primary Metal Industries ............................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminum* .................................

Fabricated Metal Products ........................

Machinery, Except Electrical .....................

Electric and Electronic Equipment ...........

Transportation Equipment .........................

Instruments and Related Products ...........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................

All Manufacturing ......................................

16.52

0

20.10

26.77

13.66

NA

10.70

9.55

12.02

22.08

8.86

7.26

20.74

17.96

11.29

18.38

18.24

21.91

15.83

17.23

16.70

7.40

11.89

5.76

19.27

20.46

18.95

19.28

17.02

21.98

13.18

4.12

0

0

0

4.54

NA

4.00

4.23

4.12

0

4.54

4.63

0

W

0

4.14

4.02

4.42

0

4.27

W

W

W

W

0

0

0

W

W

0

4.10

6.37

0

W

0

6.34

NA

5.94

5.82

6.11

Q

5.37

5.45

4.53

W

W

4.97

W

6.21

W

6.44

6.08

6.03

W

6.42

5.20

W

5.94

6.31

Q

W

6.21

4.27

0

5.29

5.16

4.96

NA

4.33

4.19

4.17

5.47

2.21

4.22

5.26

4.67

1.42

3.46

3.43

5.21

4.03

4.67

4.40

4.30

3.46

4.46

5.34

5.58

5.12

5.42

4.64

4.81

3.88

7.37

0

9.25

W

7.17

NA

7.49

7.06

8.03

6.69

8.24

9.04

7.67

9.43

W

7.29

7.30

Q

W

7.78

10.01

7.33

8.91

6.22

9.26

10.56

9.72

8.14

Q

8.86

7.47

1.68

0

0

0

0

NA

W

W

W

0

1.91

1.91

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2.06

2.07

2.18

W

11.63

0

0

0

0

0

0

2.00

• See Appendices A and D for description of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

b The price estimates for coal for SIC 3334 includes anthracite coal for the production of carbon anodes. Because of the high cost of transporting an 

thracite from the east coast to the West and South, the prices of coal in those regions are extremely high.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

NA=Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufactur 

ing Energy Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 49
Table 13. Average Prices of Selected Purchased Types of Energy by Economic 

Characteristics of the Establishment, 1985

Establishment Characteristics*

Electricity 

(dollars per 

kWh)

Residual Fuel 

Oil 

(dollars per 

gallon)

Distillate Fuel 

Oil 

(dollars per 

gallon)

Natural Gas 

(dollars per 

1000 cu ft)

LPG 

(dollars per 

gallon)

Coal 

(dollars per 

short ton)

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars)

Under 20 .......................................

20-49..............................................

50-99 ...............................................

100-249 ..........................................

250-499 ..........................................

500 and Over ................................

All Manufacturing ...........................

Employment Size

Under 50 ..............

50-99.....................

100-249 ................

250-499 ................

500-999 ................

1,000 and Over ... 

All Manufacturing .

0.061

0.052

0.047

0.039

0.040

0.045

0.047

0.061

0.060

0.052

0.048

0.040

0.044

0.047

0.662

0.650

0.646

0.640

0.660

0.636

0.648

0.677

0.631

0.644

0.644

0.659

0.647

0.648

0.883

0.868

0.875

0.855

0.753

0.842

0.857

0.906

0.854

0.858

0.795

0.855

0.844

0.857

4.646

4.302

4.119

3.624

3.274

3.535

3.840

4.532

4.240

4.063

3.660

3.746

3.677

3.840

Q

0.630 

0.643 

0.472 

0.380 

0.448 

0.454

Q

0.751 

0.618 

0.438 

0.396 

0.417 

0.454

43.886

42.736

44.458

44.247

45.315

52.580

47.219

50.062

41.899

41.244

45.654

41.787

50.576

47.219

Electricity 

(dollars per 

million Btu)

Residual Fuel 

Oil 

(dollars per 

million Btu)

Distillate Fuel 

Oil 

(dollars per 

million Btu)

Natural Gas 

(dollars per 

million Btu)

LPG 

(dollars per 

million Btu)

Coal 

(dollars per 

million Btu)

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

Under 20 ............................................

20-49....................................................

50-99....................................................

100-249 ...............................................

250-499 ..............................................

500 and Over .....................................

All Manufacturing ................................

Employment Size

Under 50 ............................................

50-99....................................................

100-249 ...............................................

250-499 ...............................................

500-999 ...............................................

1,000 and Over ..................................

All Manufacturing ................................

...................... 17.868

...................... 15.220

...................... 13.828

...................... 11.501

...................... 11.787

..................... 13.219

..................... 13.916

...................... 17.906

...................... 17.668

...................... 15.195

...................... 14.186

..................... 11.822

...................... 12.866

..................... 13.916

4.421

4.344

4.318

4.272

4.407

4.249

4.329

4.524

4.218

4.301

4.303

4.403

4.321

4.329

6.368

6.261

6.313

6.164

5.432

6.069

6.181

6.532

6.155

6.186

5.735

6.168

6.083

6.181

4.501

4.169

3.991

3.511

3.173

3.426

3.721

4.391

4.108

3.937

3.546

3.630

3.563

3.721

Q

7.325

7.480

5.488

4.416

5.215

5.279

Q

8.737

7.186

5.089

4.609

4.847

5.279

1.992

1.941

2.018

2.008

2.058

2.388

2.144

2.266

1.903

1.873

2.073

1.896

2.297

2.144

a Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size data were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A. 

Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufactur 

ing Energy Consumption Survey."

50 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table 14. Shell Storage Capacity of Selected Petroleum Products by Industry 

Group and Selected Industries, 1985

(Thousand Liquid Barrels)

SIC 

Code'

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Industry Group 

and Industry

Food and Kindred Products ......................

Tobacco Manufactures ..............................

Textile Mill Products ...................................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .....................

Furniture and Fixtures ................................

Paper and Allied Products .........................

Paper Mills, Except Building Power .....

Paperboard Mills .....................................

Printing and Publishing ..............................

Chemicals and Allied Products .................

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ..............

Plastics Materials and Resins ...............

Industrial Organic Chemicals ................

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........................

Petroleum and Coal Products ...................

Petroleum Refining .................................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ..................

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..............

Cement, Hydraulic ..................................

Primary Metal Industries ............................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminum ..................................

Fabricated Metal Products ........................

Machinery, Except Electrical .....................

Electric and Electronic Equipment ...........

Transportation Equipment .........................

Instruments and Related Products ...........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................

Total .............................................................

Residual Fuel Oil

3,102

217

1,443

45

26

91

5,339

2,103

1,908

51

4,840

489

369

1,240

74

1,731

960

1,115

34

1,698

224

4,033

3,306

W

427

500

428

587

309

41

26,056

Distillate Fuel Oil

1,754

51

318

167

694

152

1,063

543

130

203

2,260

365

268

520

284

Q

505

416

86

2,864

379

2,960

1,391

121

970

907

757

637

206

56

20,947

LPG

392

2

338

13

110

76

122

27

16

47

W

44

W

W

12

W

W

125

4

455

9

761

78

63

382

368

249

282

22

30

61,083

• See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey."

Table 15. Shell Storage Capacity of Selected Petroleum Products by 

Economic Characteristics of the Establishment, 1985

(Thousand Liquid Barrels)

Establishment Characteristics8 Residual Fuel Oil

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars) 

Under 20 .................................................................. 2,359

20-49......................................................................... 3,605

50-99......................................................................... 4,711

100-249 .................................................................... 6,806

250-499 .................................................................... 4,016

500 and Over .......................................................... 4,560

Total ............................................................................ 26,056

Employment Size 

Under 50 .................................................................. 1,268

50-99......................................................................... 846

100-249 .................................................................... 3,991

250-499 .................................................................... 4,517

500-999 .................................................................... 5,104

1,000 and Over ....................................................... 10,330

Total ............................................................................ 26,056

Distillate Fuel Oil LPG

5,120 1,220

2,949 968

Q 1,091

3,117 1,223

1,440 2,946

2,164 53,634

20,947 61,083

2,754 Q

Q 587

3,098 957

2,879 W

3,216 13,642

4,166 W

20,947 61,083

• Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size data were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A. 

W^Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater than or equal to 50 percent. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 51
Appendix A

Survey Design, 

Implementation 

and Estimates
Appendix A

Survey Design, Implementation and Estimates

Introduction

The 1985 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 

(MECS) has been designed by the Energy Information 

Administration (EIA) to provide information related 

to energy consumption in the manufacturing sector. 

The MECS data collection consisted of two parts. Part

I collected data on energy consumption and related 

matters. The estimates from Part I of the survey are 

presented in Tables 1 through 15 of this report. Part

II collected information on the capability of manufac 

turers to substitute alternate fuels for those actually 

consumed in 1985. The estimates from Part II are pre 

sented in a separate EIA report. 3

The basic unit of data collection for this survey was 

the manufacturing establishment. A nationally repre 

sentative sample of these establishments supplied the 

information through mailed questionnaires. The Indus 

try Division of the Bureau of the Census selected the 

MECS sample according to EIA design specifications; 

conducted the fieldwork; and handled data processing, 

again with EIA input.

This appendix presents a summary of the design and 

implementation procedures for Part I of the survey, 

and describes the types of estimates included in this 

report. Complete details are available in a methodo 

logical report on the MECS published by EIA.4

Description of the 

Manufacturing Sector

The manufacturing sector consists of all manufacturing 

establishments in the 50 States and the District of Co 

lumbia. The working definition of a manufacturing es 

tablishment is the definition stated in the Office of Man 

agement and Budget's Standard Industrial Classifica 

tion (SIC) Manual.5

A manufacturing establishment is an economic unit 

"...at a single physical location that is engaged in the 

mechanical or chemical transformation of materials or 

substances into new products. These establishments 

are usually described as plants, factories, or mills and 

characteristically use power driven machines and ma 

terials handling equipment. Establishments engaged in 

assembling component parts of manufactured products 

are also considered manufacturing if the new product 

is neither a structure nor other fixed improvement. 

Also included is the blending of materials such as lu 

bricating oil, plastics, resins, or liquors."

The SIC Manual contains a hierarchial classification 

system that groups establishments according to their 

primary economic activities. This system divides the 

manufacturing sector into 20 major industrial groups 

that are relatively homogeneous with respect to pri 

mary output. Each of these major industrial groups is 

assigned a two-digit code. The two-digit codes for the 

manufacturing division range from SIC 20, Food and 

Kindred Products, through SIC 39, Miscellaneous 

Manufacturing Industries. Each major group is subdi 

vided into three-digit groups which are further divided 

into four-digit industries. For example, SIC 20 includes 

SIC 201, Meat Products, which, in turn, is subdivided 

into SIC 2011, Meatpacking Plants; SIC 2012, Sausages 

and Other Prepared Meat Products; SIC 2016, Poultry 

Dressing Plants; and SIC 2017, Poultry and Egg Pro 

cessing.

The SIC category is the single most important classi 

fication variable in the MECS data system, both for 

selecting the MECS sample and analyzing the MECS 

data. The categories of primary interest for the MECS 

are the 20 major industrial groups (SIC 20 through 39) 

and the 10 most energy-consumptive four-digit indus 

tries within these industry groups. A description of 

these 20 major industrial groups and 10 industries ap 

pears in Appendix D.

3Energy Information Administration, Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Fuel Switching Capabilities, 1985, DOE/EIA-0515(85) 

(Washington, DC, 1988).

4Energy Information Administration, Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Methodological Report, DOE/EIA-0514 (Washington, DC, 

1988).

5Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1972 (Washington, DC, 1972), p. 57.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 55
The Sampling Frame and Its

Relationship to the 

Manufacturing Sector

As mentioned in the Introduction to this appendix, the 

Census Bureau serves as the collecting and compiling 

agent for the MECS. A major benefit of selecting the 

Census Bureau to provide this service was that the 

EIA was able to have access to an intact list of manu 

facturing establishments to serve as the frame for the 

MECS sample. Therefore, prior to discussing the 

MECS sample, the "frame" from which it was selected 

will be described in some detail.

A major responsibility of the Industry Division of the 

Census Bureau is to conduct the Census of Manufac 

tures (CM) and the Annual Survey of Manufactures 

(ASM). The CM is conducted for years ending in "2" 

or "7" (for example, 1982), and obtains economic data 

for the complete universe of approximately 350,000 

manufacturing establishments in the United States. For 

the purposes of data collection, the CM universe is 

divided into two major subsets as follows.

1. Small Single-Establishment Companies Not Sent 

a Report Form. These companies are excused 

from filing a CM report. Generally, those with 

less than 5 employees are excused while all with 

more than 20 are mailed report forms. Those 

with 5 through 20 employees are excused or sent 

a report form based on the magnitude of their 

annual payroll and shipments data. Approxi 

mately 125,000 establishments are excused due 

to this criterion.

2. Establishments Sent a Report Form. The remain 

ing manufacturing establishments in the universe 

are sent a report form.

The ASM is conducted during non-CM years to provide 

estimates of economic characteristics for the universe 

of manufacturing establishments. The ASM contains 

two components. The mail portion is a probability 

sample of manufacturing establishments selected from 

the list of establishments that are sent the CM report 

form (see above). Those establishments are weighted 

so that they represent the mail portion of the CM uni 

verse. There are approximately 56,000 manufacturing 

establishments in the ASM mail sample. Prior to mail 

ing the ASM materials, the sample is updated by adding 

new manufacturing establishments and removing those 

that went out of business or out of scope.

The second component of the ASM is the nonmail por 

tion of the CM. These small establishments are not sent 

an ASM questionnaire, but their contribution is esti 

mated based on selected information obtained annually 

from other Federal agencies.

The mail portion of the 1985 ASM, in turn, serves as 

the frame for the MECS sample. Thus, the universe 

covered by the MECS is the same universe covered 

by the ASM mail sample (that is, active CM establish 

ments that are sent a report form, plus establishments 

that began operations since the last CM).

Sample Design

The overall desired size of the MECS sample was set 

at 12,000 establishments based upon available resources 

and preliminary estimates of expected and desired sam 

pling error. The desired sample size was allocated 

among 30 industry-based strata consisting of the 10 

most energy-consumptive four-digit SIC industries and 

the remaining portions of the 20 two-digit SIC industry 

groups. Due to random variability in the sample selec 

tion process, the actual sample contained 12,065 estab 

lishments. For the 10 most energy-consumptive indus 

tries, all 1,907 establishments in the 1984 ASM sample 

were included in the 1985 MECS sample with certainty. 

The remaining 10,158 establishments were sampled 

from the 20 two-digit groups in a pattern designed to 

keep sampling errors within pre-established bounds for 

estimates of total consumption and consumption of 

four major types of energy: electricity, natural gas, re 

sidual oil, and coal. The procedure for subselecting 

ASM sample establishments into the MECS sample 

were such that their overall probabilities of selection 

for the MECS were proportional to an estimated en 

ergy measure of size. The overall probabilities for se 

lection of the MECS sample establishments ranged 

from 0.002 to 1.000.

The selection of the MECS sample is, therefore, a twostage selection process, with the first stage being the 

selection of the ASM mail sample, and the second, be 

ing the subselection of the MECS sample from the 

ASM sample. Thus, a MECS sample establishment is 

selected conditional upon it having been selected into 

the ASM mail sample. Its probability of selection from 

the ASM sample is a conditional probability so that 

the overall probability of selection into the MECS sam 

ple is represented by the product of this conditional 

probability and its ASM selection probability.

Of the initial sample of 12,065 establishments, 381 were 

determined to be out of business or out of scope based 

on updating procedures used by the Census Bureau. 

Thus, a final sample of 11,684 establishments were 

mailed a questionnaire. Usable responses were received 

from 10,499, or 90 percent, of those establishments. 

However, those respondents represented 97 percent of 

the total unweighted value of shipments and receipts 

of the final sample.

56 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Fieldwork, Editing, and 

Quality Control

Questionnaires were mailed to the in-scope MECS sam 

ple establishments on July 14, 1986. Returned question 

naires were subjected to initial screening procedures 

for completeness, and incomplete forms or responses 

with obvious inconsistencies were set aside for review 

by industry specialists. Valid returned questionnaires 

were forwarded directly to check-in and then to data 

entry.

All forms that were incomplete or failed the initial 

screening procedures were carefully reviewed by the 

industry specialists. The specialists retrieved missing 

data and verified questionable items by telephone con 

tact with the individual who completed the question 

naire. Once the forms were completed and verified, 

they were forwarded to check-in and to data entry.

The resulting MECS data file was then subjected to a 

series of computer edits. These edits included consis 

tency checks against data items from other parts of the 

MECS and the 1985 ASM, as well as checks for outliers 

in the distribution of individual variables. Records 

with failed edits were reviewed and followed up by 

industry specialists.

Development of the Data File

The estimates in this report were developed from a 

data file consisting of reported values and derived val 

ues.

Reported Values

Reported values consist of responses to the 1985 MECS 

questionnaire (see Appendix C). The single exception 

is the estimate of energy consumption for nonfuel pur 

poses at petroleum refineries. The calculation of that 

quantity is discussed in the section of this appendix 

titled Consumption for Nonfuel Purposes at Refineries. 

For all remaining estimates, the responses to the ques 

tionnaire for each responding establishment were sup 

plemented by the following economic data:

 Value of shipments and receipts

 Value added by manufacturing

 Total employment.

These economic data were not collected by the 1985 

MECS, but were provided by the Census Bureau by

linking the 1985 ASMeconomic data and MECS energy 

data at the establishment level.

Derived Values

The reported energy values were used to construct 

several derived values, which, in turn, were used to 

prepare the estimates appearing in selected tables in 

this report. (See Survey Estimates section in this ap 

pendix.) These derived values are defined as follows:

 Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced 

offsite This derived value represents onsite con 

sumption of fuels that were originally produced 

offsite. That is, they arrived at the establishment 

as the result of a purchase, or were transferred to 

the establishment from outside sources. As such, 

this derived value is approximately definitionally 

equivalent to "purchased" fuels as reported by 

the Census Bureau for the years 1974-1981. 6 The 

Census Bureau defines "purchased" fuels to in 

clude those actually purchased plus those trans 

ferred in from other establishments.

 Energy consumed onsite for nonfuel purposes and 

produced offsite This derived value also repre 

sents energy that was originally produced offsite. 

This energy was used at the establishment site as 

raw material inputs and feedstocks.

 Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced 

onsite from nonenergy inputs-This derived value 

covers materials such as woodchips, bark, and 

woodwaste, and pulping liquor. These fuels are 

produced primarily in pulp and paper mills as a 

byproduct of wood used in the pulping process. 

Wood for pulping is not classified as energy in 

the MECS, and, therefore, would not have been 

included as an input. This derived value also cov 

ers waste materials, biomass, and hydrogen that 

was produced from the electrolysis of brine.

 Energy consumed onsite for nonfuel purposes and 

produced onsite from nonenergy inputs Most 

onsite-produced energy that is used for nonfuel 

purposes is derived from other types of energy. 

The major exception is hydrogen that is produced 

from the electrolysis of brine. Hydrogen pro 

duced in this manner and used for nonfuel pur 

poses is the only identified energy covered by this 

derived value.

 Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced 

onsite from energy inputs-This derived value 

covers a wide range of fuels consumed onsite that 

are produced onsite as direct products or 

byproducts of other types of energy.

 Energy consumed onsite for nonfuel purpose and 

produced onsite from energy inputs This derived

6U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Annual Survey (Census) of Manufactures, "Fuels and Electric Energy Consumed," 

1974-1982 (Washington, DC).

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 57
value includes all petrochemical feedstocks and 

other raw material inputs that were produced 

onsite from existing energy or from other onsiteproduced energy.

The first four of those derived values represent an ad 

dition to the energy consumed onsite, and are described 

in this publication as primary consumption (that is, ei 

ther they were produced offsite or were produced 

onsite from nonenergy inputs). The fifth derived value 

described above does not represent an addition because 

it was produced onsite from energy that is already re 

ported as input. Such energy thus represents duplicate 

counting of the input energy content. It is, however, 

a useful measure of onsite-produced fuel consumption 

and is nonduplicative with respect to an estimate of 

total fuel consumption. The sixth derived value is duplicative with respect to the consumption of energy 

for nonfuel purposes, and, therefore, was not used to 

prepare estimates. It was included only for computa 

tional purposes and completeness.

Assumptions Underlying Derived Values

TV 

dei 

qu 

du 

it i 

fee 

ou 

oil 

co: 

act

at

in

or

pla

ori

fee

>e

:s

>

S,

jr 

iris 

n 

2)

:d

r; 

is 

i- 

>r

Prior to producing the estimates, the MECS sampling 

weights were adjusted to account for nonresponse and 

noncoverage. Noncoverage resulted from the exclu 

sion of two groups of establishments from the frame. 

One group was those establishments that began oper 

ations in 1984 and continued through 1985. The other 

was establishments that ceased operations during 1985, 

but should have reported for the time that they were 

still in business.

Adjustment factors to account for nonresponse and 

noncoverage were calculated using the estimated 1984 

consumption of purchased fuels and electricity. Basi 

cally, those factors are ratios of the estimated energy 

consumption of the population covered by the original 

MECS sample plus exclusions to the estimated energy 

consumption of the population covered by MECS re 

spondents.

Because the nonresponding establishments and exclu 

sions were not evenly distributed by SIC or by size of 

establishment (with respect to fuel consumption), a 

separate adjustment factor was calculated for large, 

medium, and small establishments within each of the 

30 sampling strata. Within each of the 90 adjustment 

cells, the appropriate adjustment factor was then mul 

tiplied by the sampling weight for all responding 

MECS establishments. The product of the sampling 

weight and the adjustment factor is the final adjusted 

MECS weight, which is used to produce all MECS 

population estimates in this report. The adjustment fac 

tors, in effect, ratio adjust the weighted data from the 

MECS respondents to estimated totals for the universe 

that was initially targeted by the MECS frame and 

sample design, that is, manufacturers represented by 

the 1985 ASM mail sample.

Consumption for Nonfuel 

Purposes at Refineries

The Estimation Process

Estimates in this report represent the entire population 

of manufacturers in the CM universe that were covered 

in the 1985 ASM mailing. Full representation is accom 

plished by weighting the data from the establishment 

records in the consumption data file. Weighting is the 

process of multiplying the reported or derived values 

by a case-specific constant designed to inflate the data 

from each sample case to that portion of the population 

which it represents. The first, basic factor in the MECS 

weights was the sampling weight, which accounted 

for the MECS sampling process. The sampling weight 

for a MECS sample case was the reciprocal of its over 

all probability of selection, that is, its probability of 

selection into the ASM and subsequent selection for 

the MECS.

The basic function of a petroleum refinery (SIC 2911) 

is to manufacture a wide variety of petroleum products 

from crude oil and other liquid hydrocarbon inputs. 

Those products can be grouped into three classes. The 

largest class of products consist of fuels that are ulti 

mately consumed strictly for their energy content. 

Many other refinery products, however, are consumed, 

not for their energy content, but for their chemical 

properties. This class of energy products is generally 

known as petrochemical feedstocks. Finally, a third 

class of products consists of finished materials that are 

consumed for specific uses not related to energy con 

tent or chemical properties. Those finished materials 

include asphalt, lubricants, waxes, and solvents, and 

are referred to as nonenergy products.

The MECS was specifically designed to collect infor 

mation on the consumption of energy for heat, power,

58 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
and electricity generation, and as petrochemical 

feedstocks and other raw material inputs. The con 

sumption of energy was reported directly by the es 

tablishments in the MECS sample, and the estimates in 

this report reflect that consumption. For most indus 

tries, the end result of energy inputs is manufactured 

products that are not considered energy products. 

However, fuels and petrochemical feedstocks pro 

duced from refinery inputs are treated as energy prod 

ucts by their subsequent users, and are reported not 

only in other manufacturing industries, but also in EIA 

surveys of consumption in other end-use sectors (resi 

dential households, residential vehicles, and commer 

cial buildings). In that sense, refineries do not "use up" 

the majority of their inputs. They merely convert them 

from one form of energy (for example, crude oil) to 

another more usable form (for example, motor gaso 

line). Therefore, classifying refinery inputs that go into 

fuels and petrochemical feedstocks as refinery con 

sumption would have resulted in massive doublecounting of total energy consumption, both within the 

manufacturing sector, and across end-use sectors in the 

U.S. economy.

The third class of refinery products, nonenergy prod 

ucts, must be treated differently. The creation of those 

products by the refinery also requires energy inputs, 

primarily crude oil. The products are combustible and 

have a known heat content expressed in British thermal 

units (Btu). Asphalt, for example, contains 6.636 million 

Btu per 42-gallon barrel. However, the products are 

not recognized as energy by their subsequent consum 

ers, and no provision was made for collecting data on 

their consumption from the MECS respondents. There 

fore, the transformation of energy inputs to nonenergy 

products must be counted as refinery consumption, or 

it will never be accounted for anywhere in EIA's con 

sumption surveys.

One characteristic of petroleum refineries is that, ex 

cept for losses caused by spills, contamination, etc., 

the Btu content of the energy inputs exactly equals the 

Btu content of the outputs. Therefore, one only needs 

to know the quantities of those nonenergy products 

that were shipped by a refinery in order to estimate 

the quantity of energy inputs that was used to produce 

them. The Petroleum Supply Division of the EIA pro 

duces such information for all refinery products. The 

Monthly Refinery Report, Form EIA-810, collects in 

formation on the monthly shipments from the universe 

of refineries in the United States. These data were the 

basis for estimating the input energy requirements for 

the nonenergy products.

The shipment quantities of the nonenergy products, as 

reported on Form EIA-810, were converted to Btu 

and summed to produce a monthly refinery total. 

Those totals were then summed across refineries and 

months to produce the total Btu value of refinery ship 

ments of nonenergy products for 1985. That total was 

used to represent the total Btu value of the inputs used 

to produce the nonenergy products, and was inserted

directly into the appropriate tables of this report to 

represent nonfuel consumption in refineries (see Survey 

Estimates in this appendix). Because the individual en 

ergy inputs corresponding to these shipments were not 

identified, the Btu value was entered in the "other" 

column.

Survey Estimates

Except for the estimates of energy consumption for 

nonfuel purposes at petroleum refineries, all energy 

consumption and energy-related statistics produced 

from MECS data are calculated by combining the data 

collected from the sampled establishments with the 

adjusted sampling weights. These weights establish the 

relationship between the responding establishments 

and the manufacturing sector as defined for the MECS. 

Two types of statistics are shown in this report: aggre 

gates (for example, total natural gas consumption in 

the hydraulic cement industry), and ratios (for example, 

the amount of fuel consumed per dollar of value added 

in the manufacturing sector). These statistics are based 

on the originally reported values or the derived values 

and appear in Tables 1 through 15.

Tables 1 and 2 present estimates of the total primary 

consumption of energy for all purposes by the manu 

facturing sector. These tables are based upon aggre 

gates of the derived values of energy produced offsite, 

and those produced onsite from nonenergy inputs for 

consumption as a fuel and for nonfuel purposes. They 

also include estimates of net electricity and steam con 

sumption, that is, purchases plus transfers in and gen 

eration from noncombustible renewable resources, mi 

nus quantities sold and transferred out. The resulting 

net electricity and steam values represent primary con 

sumption. Primary consumption excludes quantities of 

energy that were produced from other energy inputs 

and, therefore, avoids double-counting.

As noted earlier, the only quantities of energy that are 

"used up" at a refinery are those consumed for the 

production of heat, power, and electricity, and the in 

puts for the production of nonenergy products. More 

over, those quantities consumed for heat and power 

and as inputs represent primary consumption, because 

they were produced offsite (for example, natural gas, 

distillate fuel oil), or were produced onsite from crude 

oil and other liquid hydrocarbons that originally were 

produced offsite. Because of this, the derived values 

described above were not appropriate for the petro 

leum refinery industry.

The estimates shown in the petroleum refinery row of 

Table 1 are conceptually different from the estimates 

in the other rows of that table. For all industries except 

petroleum refineries, each cell represents the total pri 

mary consumption of energy for all purposes. In the 

petroleum refinery row, the cell entries for "net elecEnergy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 59
tricity" through "coke arid breeze" represent only the 

quantities of given type ojf energy that was consumed 

as a fuel. The "other" cell of the petroleum refinery 

row includes other energy that was consumed as a fuel 

plus the quantity of energy (mostly crude oil) that was 

consumed for the production of nonenergy products.

Table 2 shows primary consumption for all purposes 

by economic characteristics of the establishment. For 

that table, the row entitled "not ascertainable" in 

cludes, in the "other" column, the total quantity of 

energy consumed for the production of nonenergy 

products by refineries. The quantities of energy con 

sumed for the production of heat and power in refin 

eries are included throughout the remainder of the ta 

ble, depending on the value of shipments or employ 

ment size of the responding establishment.

Except for petroleum refineries (see Consumption for 

Nonfuel Purposes at Refineries in this appendix), the 

estimates in Tables 1 and 2 are based on the following 

derived values:

 Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced 

offsite

 Energy consumed onsite for nonfuel purposes and 

produced offsite

 Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced 

onsite from nonenergy inputs

 Energy consumed onsite for nonfuel purposes and 

produced onsite from nonenergy inputs.

Tables 3 and 4 present estimates of input energy for 

the production of heat and power, and the generation 

of electricity. For combustible energy, the estimates 

are based upon the originally reported MECS ques 

tionnaire responses to "Quantity consumed onsite in 

1985 as a fuel" (see Appendix C). That reported value 

is exactly equal to the sum of the following derived 

values:

 Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced 

offsite

 Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced 

onsite from nonenergy inputs

 Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced 

onsite from energy products.

Thus, the estimates of combustible energy in Tables 3 

and 4 represent total consumption as a fuel, regardless 

of where the energy was produced.

It should be noted that the consumption estimates for 

combustible energy are not duplicative with respect 

to fuel use. There is obviously no duplication for quan 

tities that were produced offiste as well as those pro 

duced onsite from nonenergy inputs. The situation is 

not as clear for quantities produced onsite from other 

energy inputs, however. Those quantities result from 

the consumption of an energy as a feedstock or raw

material input. They do not result from the consump 

tion of an energy as a fuel.

Examples of energy produced onsite from other energy 

inputs include,

 Coke oven gas produced as a byproduct of the 

distructive distillation of coal to produce coke

 Petroleum coke produced in refineries as a result 

of the high temperature treatment of petroleum 

fractions

 Still gas produced in refineries as a result of dis 

tillation, cracking, reforming, and other processes.

From those examples, it is clear that the input energy 

was not consumed as a fuel and would not have been 

included elsewhere in Tables 3 and 4.

The estimates of electricity and steam (note that steam 

is included in the "other" energy category) must con 

form to the same criteria as combustible energy. That 

is, they must represent inputs to produce heat and 

power, and to generate electricity that do not duplicate 

energy content represented elsewhere in Tables 3 and 

4.

In the case of electricity, the quantities generated onsite 

by conventional generation or cogeneration must be 

excluded because the input fuels to produce the elec 

tricity (coal, for example) are already counted else 

where in the table. Thus, the nonduplicative measure 

of electricity input for Tables 3 and 4 is the same net 

electricity estimate that appeared in Tables 1 and 2. 

The same rationale applies to steam. Onsite production 

is excluded because the input fuel would be counted 

elsewhere. Thus, the allocation of energy to the various 

sources shown in Tables 3 and 4 is consistent with a 

concept of "first use" of energy for heat, power, and 

electricity generation.

Tables 5 and 6 present the total primary consumption 

of combustible energy for nonfuel purposes. These ta 

bles are based upon aggregates of the derived values 

of energy produced offsite plus those produced onsite 

from nonenergy inputs, and consumed onsite for 

nonfuel purposes. Tables 5 and 6 present the nonfuel 

primary consumption component of Tables 1 and 2. 

The entry in the "other" column of the petroleum re 

finery row of Table 5 represents the total inputs (mostly 

crude oil) for the production of nonenergy products. 

The other cells in the petroleum refinery row contain 

a zero entry because the table represents consumption 

for nonfuel purposes only, and the refinery inputs are 

available in aggregate form only.

Except for petroleum refineries (see Consumption for 

Nonfuel Purposes at Refineries in this appendix), the 

estimates in Tables 5 and 6 are based on the following 

derived values:

 Energy consumed onsite for nonfuel purposes and 

produced offsite

60 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
 Energy consumed onsite for nonfuel purposes and 

produced onsite from nonenergy inputs.

Tables 7 and 8 present the total consumption as a fuel 

of offsite-produced energy. As noted, these estimates 

are approximately defmitionally equivalent to the Cen 

sus Bureau's "purchased" fuels.

The estimates in Tables 7 and 8 are based on the fol 

lowing derived value:

 Energy consumed onsite as a fuel and produced 

offsite.

Table 9 presents electricity cogeneration. Cogeneration is defined as the production of electrical energy 

and another form of useful energy (such as steam) 

through the sequential use of energy. This table is 

based upon responses to the question, "During 1985, 

how much electricity was generated onsite from 

cogeneration?" (See Appendix C.) Other electricity 

estimates are "net electricity" in Tables 1 through 4, 

and "purchased electricity" in Tables 7 and 8.

Tables 10 and 11 present estimates of several energyrelated operating ratios. These estimates are computed 

from energy data reported by the MECS responding 

establishments and economic data reported on the 

ASM for the same establishments. The consumption 

values used in the formation of these ratios are the total 

consumption values for heat and power appearing in 

Tables 3 and 4. It is not possible to exactly reconstruct 

the 1985 ASM estimates of economic variables by di 

viding MECS consumption by corresponding ratios of 

consumption per economic unit. ASM estimates are 

produced from the ASM sample and weighting scheme, 

plus the nonmail adjustment, and, thus, represent the 

entire manufacturing sector. The MECS, on the other 

hand, does not represent the very small establishments 

in the manufacturing sector.

Tables 12 and 13 present the average prices paid for 

purchased energy. These prices were calculated di 

rectly from responses to the MECS questionnaire en 

tries regarding quantity of energy purchased, and total 

expenditures for that energy (see Appendix C).

Tables 14 and 15 present total shell storage capacity 

of residual oil, distillate oil and LPG. Shell storage 

capacity includes all onsite; capacity, including that 

which is dedicated or leased for storage of energy 

owned by other establishments.

The Heat Content of Energy

Most of the estimates of individual energy in this report 

are presented in physical units (kilowatthours, barrels, 

short tons). Row totals and combinations of types of 

energy are presented in British thermal units (Btu). Ta 

ble 1 is presented in physical units and Btu in Parts 1 

and 2, respectively.

A Btu is the quantity of heat required to raise the tem 

perature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. 

Thus, converting physical units of a given type of en 

ergy to Btu is a means of expressing the heat content 

of that energy. All Btu quantities are in terms of higher 

heating value, with no regard for efficiency of use. 

Because no energy consumption process is 100 percent 

efficient (although some are considerably more energy 

efficient than others), Btu figures must be considered 

as the maximum available heat content. The following 

table presents the Btu conversion factors of major 

types of energy.

Conversion of Physical Units to British 

Thermal Units

Type of Energy British Thermal Units 

(thousands)

Electric Energy (1,000 kilowatthours). 

Residual Fuel Oil (42 gallon barrel)....

Distillate Fuel Oil (42 gallon barrel) ....

Natural Gas (1,000 cubic feet)............

LPG (42 gallon barrel)..........................

Coke and Breeze (short ton)...............

Coal Used as Fuel (short ton).............

Coal Used for Coking (short ton)........

3,412

6,287

5,825

1,032

3,603

24,800

22,012

26,800

Source: Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Re 

view, (January 1987), pp. 119-121.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 61
Appendix B

Quality of the Data
Appendix B

Quality of the Data

Introduction

All data collection activities and the estimates pro 

duced from them are subject to a variety of errors. 

These errors may be broadly classified under two gen 

eral types, sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error is defined as the variability in a survey 

estimator that arises because data are collected from a 

sample of units rather than the entire population. Each 

possible sample produces different estimates of popu 

lation parameters, depending on the set of respondents 

that are selected. Nonsampling errors, on the other 

hand, occur in any data collection activity, whether a 

sample survey or a complete census. Nonsampling er 

rors are attributable to all aspects of the total survey 

design other than the sampling process, and can include 

both random and systematic (biasing) errors. Com 

monly recognized sources of nonsampling error in 

clude undercoverage, random and systematic response 

errors, nonresponse, data processing errors, and tabu 

lation errors. This appendix describes the effect of both 

sampling and nonsampling errors on data from the 

MECS. More details are presented in the methodolog 

ical report for the MECS.7

Sampling Error

The estimated values appearing in this report were de 

veloped from a sample of manufacturing establishments 

and, as a result, will differ from true population values 

that would be obtained from a complete census. This 

is because the MECS sample is only one of a very large 

number of samples that could have been selected under 

the same sampling specifications. Each possible sample 

would yield its own estimates of the true population 

values, with the differences attributable to the partic 

ular set of establishments selected into each sample.

One measure of variability due to sampling is the av 

erage difference between the estimates that would be

produced by all possible samples and the mean value 

of these estimates. This type of measure is commonly 

known as sampling error. Estimates of the magnitude 

of these sampling errors based on data from a single 

sample are provided by a statistic known as the stan 

dard error of an estimate. Standard errors for MECS 

estimates are computed from the reported data using 

the formula:

(1)

where Y = 2y/ Wj is the MECS survey estimator, yf is 

the reported value of characteristic Ffor the / MECS 

sample case, Wj is the final adjusted weight used to 

inflate the sample data to population estimates, and n 

is the number of MECS respondents. Justification for 

this formula is found in the MECS methodological re 

port.

Estimates of standard errors have been computed from 

the MECS sample data for the estimated aggregate val 

ues and ratios appearing in this report. They are pre 

sented in the form of relative standard errors (RSE), 

that is, the standard error divided by the estimated 

value to which it refers. The RSE's are given in Tables 

Bl through B15 of this appendix.

The estimates in this report can be used to produce 

proportion statistics based on the ratio of various esti 

mates reported in Tables 1 through 15. Proportions 

are not given in the detailed tables but can be used to 

clarify the analysis. A proportion is the statistic of the 

form

A ' v '

X

A A

where Kand A'are survey-based estimates of aggregate 

parameters Y and X, respectively, and characteristic X 

"encompasses" characteristic Y. That is, each popula 

tion element (and, thus, each sample case) that contrib7Energy Information Administration, Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Methodological Report, DOE/EIA-0514 (Washington, DC, 

1988).

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
utes to Y also contributes to X, and the value of X for 

each element is greater than or equal to the value of Y.

The RSE's of aggregate statistics shown in Tables Bl 

through B15 can be used to produce approximate er 

rors for proportions. The straightforward additive er 

ror formula shown in (1) gives rise to a similarly 

straightforward upper bound approximation to the er 

ror of an estimated proportion. The approximation can 

be expressed in terms of relative error as

Btu. The estimated value plus and minus two standard 

errors includes the true population parameter for about 

95 percent of all samples. The 95 percent confidence 

interval is 13.08 to 14.16 quadrillion Btu. Finally, a 

confidence interval formed by the estimated value plus 

and minus three standard errors provides more than 

99 percent confidence that the range contains the true 

population parameter. The 99 percent confidence in 

terval for estimated energy consumption for heat and 

power is 12.80 to 14.44 quadrillion Btu.

RSE(P) ^ [RSE(Yj\ .(l-2P) + [RSE(Xj\ .(3)

Justification for this formula is found in the MECS 

methodological reort.

Basically, these RSE's can be used to evaluate how 

precisely a given sample statistic estimates the corre 

sponding population parameter. The larger the RSE, 

the less precise the estimate. For example, an estimated 

total of 13.62 quadrillion Btu of energy was consumed 

for heat, power, and generated electricity by the MECS 

target population in 1985 (Table 3) and this estimate 

has an RSE of 2 percent (Table B3). Similarly, the 

consumption of energy for heat, power, and generated 

electricity in the Northeast Census Region was 1.68 

quadrillion Btu with an associated RSE of 3 percent. 

The estimate of energy consumption in the Northeast 

Census Region is relatively less precise than the esti 

mate for the entire United States, primarily because, 

all other things being equal, larger samples result in 

smaller RSE's. Naturally, the MECS sample for the 

entire United States is larger than the sample for the 

Northeast Census Region.

Confidence intervals can also be developed from an 

estimate and its associated RSE using the central limit 

theorem to claim normal distribution properties for the 

MECS estimator. A confidence interval is a range of 

values which, due to its method of construction, has a 

known probability of containing the true, but unknown 

population parameter with repeated sampling. Confi 

dence intervals are formed by adding and subtracting 

multiples of the standard error from the estimate, and 

are an alternative method of expressing precision.

Again, for the example of 13.62 quadrillion Btu of en 

ergy consumption for heat, power, and generated elec 

tricity and its associated RSE of 2 percent, the standard 

error is approximately 0.27 quadrillion Btu (2 percent 

of 13.62 quadrillion Btu). The estimated value plus and 

minus one standard error will provide a range that in 

cludes the true population parameter for about 68 per 

cent of all samples. The 68 percent confidence interval 

for energy consumption for heat and power is 13.62 

quadrillion Btu 0.27, or 13.35 to 13.89 quadrillion

Standard errors may also be used to compare two or 

more survey estimates. For example, nationally, the 

Paper and Allied Products industries (SIC 26) con 

sumed 387 billion cubic feet of natural gas for heat, 

power, and generated electricity in 1985, and the Stone, 

Clay, and Glass Industry (SIC 32) consumed 372 billion 

cubic feet (Table 3). The relative standard errors (Ta 

ble B3) for these estimates are 4 and 3 percent, respec 

tively.

From a comparison of these two estimates, one might 

conclude that SIC 26 consumed slightly more natural 

gas than did SIC 32. This may not be a valid conclusion, 

however, because the difference between the two es 

timates may be due to sampling variability rather than 

to a difference in the true population values. Such com 

parisons, therefore, are subject to statistical testing.

The appropriate statistical test is the standard normal 

deviate test. By appeal to the central limit theorem, 

this test assumes that a sampling distribution of the 

differences between two estimates is normal. The test 

is most appropriate when the distributions of the two 

estimates in question are independent. Therefore it can 

be used to test for difference between industrial strata, 

geographic regions, etc. 8 The test statistic is given as:

Zf* A 

X-Y

A A

X-Y

I + si

X Y

- (4)

A A

where X and Y are the survey estimates of the popu 

lation values X and Y, respectively, and SA and SA are

the estimated standard errors. The test statistic, ZA A, X-Y

is then compared to a predetermined critical value, Zc, 

and if the value of the test statistic exceeds the critical 

value, the hypothesis of no difference is rejected in 

favor of the alternative. If, on the other hand, the test 

statistic is equal to or less than the the critical value, 

the null hypothesis is not rejected, and it is concluded 

that the evidence provided by the sample data does 

not support the alternative hypothesis.

For a more complete discussion of the central limit theorem and the standard normal deviate test, the reader is referred to any introductory 

statistics textbook.

66 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Ordinarily, the critical value, Zc, is set so that the level 

of significance of the test is .05 (that is, the probability 

of incorrectly detecting a significant difference is .05). 

Two values correspond to this level of significance - 

1.96 and 1.65. The former is the appropriate value 

when the test is nondirectional, that is, when the rele 

vant question is, "Is there any difference in the two 

population values?" In this case, the absolute value of

the test statistic ZA A . would be compared to 1.96.

X - Y

The value of 1.65 is appropriate when the test is direc 

tional, that is, when the relevant question is, "Is one 

population value greater than than the other?" In this 

case, the true value of the test statistic would be com 

pared to 1.65.

Returning to the previous example, the standard errors 

for the estimates of natural gas consumption in SIC 26 

and SIC 32 are 15 trillion Btu (4 percent of 387) and 

11 trillion Btu (3 percent of 372), respectively. The test 

is directional because the relevant question is, "Is the 

consumption of natural gas in SIC 26 greater than the 

consumption of natural gas in SIC 32?", and the rele 

vant critical value is 1.65. The test statistic is computed 

as:

387-372

A A =

X-Y

15

18.6

= 0.8. (5)

Because the value of ZA A does not exceed the critical X-Y

value of 1.65, it must be concluded that there is insuf 

ficient sample evidence to reject the null hypothesis, 

and that there is no difference between the true popu 

lation values. Based upon the results of this test, the 

sample estimates do not support the conclusion that 

SIC 26 consumed slightly more natural gas than did 

SIC 32, and a statement such as that should be avoided.

Finally, situations may arise in which it is desirable to 

compare more than two estimates. For example, one 

might wish to state, "The four Census regions in de 

creasing order of total energy consumption (Table 1, 

Part 1) are: the South with 9,048 trillion Btu, the Mid 

west with 4,171 trillion Btu, the West with 2,247 trillion 

Btu, and the Northwest with 2,056 trillion Btu." Before 

such a statement can be made, it is necessary to deter 

mine whether all possible pairs of estimates are signif 

icantly different in the stated direction. The number 

of possible comparisons among the four Census regions 

is given as the combinatorial ^C2 = 6. Conducting each 

test at a .05 level of significance results in a probability 

of incorrectly detecting at least one significant differ 

ence, when none in fact exist, of 1 -(1 -.05) = 0.26. 

This overall probability can be kept within .05 by con 

ducting each test at .05/6 = .0083 level of significance, 

which has a corresponding critical value of 2.40 for a 

directional test. The following table lists the appropri 

ate critical values for up to 10 directional and

nondirectional multiple hypothesis tests. These critical 

values result in an overall level of significance of .05.

Suggested Critical Values for 

Multiple Hypothesis Test

Number of 

Compari 

sons

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Directional 

Tests

1.65

1.96

2.13

2.24

2.33

2.39

2.45

2.50

2.54

2.58

Nondirec 

tional Tests

1.96

2.24

2.39

2.50

2.58

2.64

2.70

2.74

2.77

2.81

Nonsampling Errors and Bias

Nonsampling errors that affect MECS survey data can 

be divided into four major categories:

1. Operational errors, including editing, coding, and 

tabulation errors.

2. Errors of measurement, including a lack of preci 

sion by the respondent, failure of the respondent 

to understand instructions, etc..

3. Errors of estimation, including the assumptions 

underlying the derived values.

4. Errors of nonobservation, including nonresponse 

and noncoverage.

These errors are collectively referred to as nonsampling errors because they are not related to the sampling 

process, and thus would be equally likely to occur in 

a complete census or a sample survey.

It is felt that operational errors are not a major concern 

for the estimates included in this report. The quality 

control procedures that were employed for check-in, 

editing, coding and keying the returned questionnaires 

(see Appendix A) are standard procedures that are in 

place at the Bureau of the Census and have withstood 

the test of time. Data tabulations were verified by com 

paring marginal totals in tables generated from files 

supplied to EIA with corresponding totals generated 

directly from microdata files held at the Census Bureau.

Errors of measurement are a concern in any data col 

lection activity. The survey results for the MECS were

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 67
subjected to extensive editing procedures which were 

specifically designed to detect errors of measurement. 

Responses that failed these tests for reasonableness and 

consistency were recalled by analysts familiar with 

manufacturing processes and energy use. Major errors, 

including omissions and misreporting by orders of mag 

nitude, were corrected. No editing procedure is capa 

ble of identifying all measurement errors, however, 

and some small errors will remain. To the extent that 

these errors are due to random, rather than systematic 

misjudgments, they are compensating in the aggregate 

totals presented in this report, and it is believed that 

there are few large systematic biases that result from 

them.

Errors of estimation could have resulted from the as 

sumptions that underlie the derived values (see Appen 

dix A), and the estimates of the consumption of onsiteand offsite-produced fuels and raw material inputs 

could be biased as a result of such errors. For example, 

the assumption that energy produced onsite is con 

sumed as an input or feedstock before any is consumed 

as a fuel could result in consistently underestimating 

the consumption of "over the fence" feedstocks and 

overestimating the consumption of "over the fence" 

fuels. These nonsampling errors, if present, are relevant 

only for tables in this report that are based on derived 

values. Estimates based upon reported values would 

not be subject to this potential source of bias.

Finally, several potential sources of nonsampling error 

and bias result from errors of nonobservation. One 

source of noncoverage error results from the MECS 

target universe not being identical to the total manu 

facturing universe. As previously described, the pop 

ulation of interest for the MECS is the same universe 

covered by the ASM mail sample (Appendix A). That 

target universe excludes very small establishments, and 

thus, noncoverage represents a source of bias with re 

spect to estimated energy consumption by the universe 

of manufacturing establishments. The effect of this 

noncoverage is generally not large (estimated only to 

be a few percent for most industry groups) because 

energy consumption is highly concentrated among the 

larger manufacturing establishments, and the MECS 

sample was specifically designed to capture those es 

tablishments with substantial energy consumption. 

Nevertheless, users should be aware of this 

noncoverage bias when attempting to relate the MECS 

estimates to the universe of all manufacturing estab 

lishments.

In addition, Appendix A describes the adjustments that 

were made to the MECS sampling weights to account 

for nonresponse and noncoverage of specific portions 

of the MECS target universe. Basically, the procedure 

was to ratio adjust the weighted data from the MECS 

respondents to the estimated totals for the universe 

that was initially targeted by the MECS frame and 

sample design. Clearly, had these adjustments not been 

performed, the estimates produced from only the re 

sponding establishments would not have been repre 

sentative of the target universe for the MECS. Such 

estimates would potentially have been biased. Adjust 

ing the sampling weights to reflect the target universe 

is an attempt to mitigate the potential effects of such a 

bias.

As described in Appendix A, separate adjustment fac 

tors were developed by size of establishment within 

sampling strata, resulting in 90 separate adjustment fac 

tors. Adjustment factors were calculated for each of 

the 90 cells using estimated 1984 fuel consumption for 

heat and power. Each cell represents a relatively ho 

mogeneous subgrouping of establishments with respect 

to primary output and level of fuel consumption. Im 

plicit in that procedure is the assumption that primary 

output and level of fuel consumption are highly corre 

lated with energy consumption patterns, so that the 

establishments within a cell would also be homoge 

neous with respect to the quantities, types, and shares 

of energy consumed as fuels and for nonfuel purposes.

To the extent that the nonresponding establishments 

within the adjustment cells share the energy consump 

tion patterns of the responding establishments within 

those cells, the resulting adjustments to the MECS es 

timates will tend to be minimally biased. If, on the 

other hand, the energy consumption patterns of the 

responding and nonresponding establishments differ 

substantially, the resulting adjustments are potentially 

biased, and may not represent the originally targeted 

MECS universe.

More detailed information on sources of nonsampling 

error in the MECS can be found in the methodological 

report.

Comparison with Other Data 

Sources

It is difficult to compare the results of the MECS with 

the results of other data collection efforts because of 

definitional and coverage differences. Table B16 

presents the MECS estimates of total 1985 consumption 

of energy in manufacturing, along with consumption 

values produced from other EIA survey systems and 

published in other report series. The other survey data 

are presented as they are published, that is, in physical 

units or Btu, while the MECS data are shown on both 

scales for purposes of comparison.

MECS values are slightly to substantially lower than 

the other values, due primarily to differences in popu 

lation coverage, as explained in the endnotes of Table 

B16. All of the non-MECS values cover the "industrial" 

sector, which is commonly defined to consist of man 

ufacturing, mining, construction, and agriculture (in 

dustries classified in SIC categories 01-39). However,

68 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
there is some variability in the actual definitions, as 

explained in the endnotes.

In addition, the only non-MECS estimates that are 

based on a survey of consumers are the coal statistics. 

All others are based on delivery data from the account 

records of energy suppliers. The sectoral designation 

of an account is sometimes based on the rate class to 

which a customer is assigned by the supplier rather 

than on the activities in which the customer is engaged. 

Therefore, it is likely that some industrial facilities are 

counted as nonindustrial energy use, and vice versa. 

The magnitude and direction of the effect of this 

sectoral crossover is impossible to determine.

Even with the differences just mentioned, it is interest 

ing to note that manufacturing (and, thus, the MECS 

estimates) accounts for a large proportion of total in 

dustrial energy use, except for petroleum products. 

The fact that only residual oil, distillate oil, and LPG

are included in the MECS estimate has relatively little 

effect on the comparison, because other petroleum 

products are minor contributors to consumption in 

manufacturing (so minor that they are grouped in the 

"other" category for MECS publications). The major 

ity of petroleum use in the industrial sector takes place 

in agriculture, mining, and construction.

After differences of coverage and sectoral definitions 

are taken into account, no obvious measurement dif 

ferences remain that cannot be explained by the sam 

pling variability inherent in the MECS. It is likely that 

some estimation biases will occur for scattered small 

population subgroups and certain specialized energy 

measures. In fact, a few rows of estimates in the data 

tables of this report have been withheld in favor of the 

symbol "NA" due to Census Bureau analysis that in 

dicated subgroups for which such biases were likely. 

However, national-level estimates for comprehensive 

energy use measures appear to have no major problems.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 69
Table B1. Relative Standard Errors for Table 1, Parts 1 and 2 of Detailed 

Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

Code'

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total Net 

Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal Coke and 

Breeze Other

Total United States

20 Food and Kindred Products ................ 5 4 7 21 3 27 5 9

21 Tobacco Manufactures ........................ 6 6 7 29 11 14 8 0

22 Textile Mill Products............................. 3 3 7 24 4 11 7 0

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .. 7 8 29 17 12 31 21 0

24 Lumber and Wood Products ............... 11 8 W 20 8 W W 0

25 Furniture and Fixtures.......................... 7 7 20 20 8 21 15 0

26 

2621 

Paper 

Paper 

and 

Mills, 

Allied 

Except 

Products 

Building 

................... 

Paper 34594850

33494650

2631 Paperboard Mills............................... 7 8 10 10 9 10 10 0

27 Printing and Publishing ........................ 6 7 15 21 7 28 39 0

28 Chemicals and Allied Products........... 2 6 7 16 2 6 3 18

2819 industrial Inorganic Chemicals........ 9 18 11 14 9 11 15 18

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ........ 5 3 415 6 6 5 0

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals.......... 4 3 7 31 3 10 4 0

29 

30 

2873 

2911 

Rubber 

Petroleum 

Nitrogenous 

Petroleum 

and 

and 

Misc. 

Refining........................... 

Fertilizers..................... 

Coal 

Plastics 

Products............. 

Products.. 

48W53WOO

3 

238 

237 

5 7 12 

12 

18 

4 

4890

5790

13 7 0

31 Leather and Leather Products............ 12 19 13 41 15 40 33 0

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ........ 3 3 13 20 316 547

3241 Cement, Hydraulic............................ 5 4 26 6 8 11 5 W

33 

3334 

3312 

Primary 

Primary 

Blast Furnaces 

Metal 

Aluminum 

Industries 

and 

............................ 

Steel 

...................... 

Mills ...... 

8 

347731356

43854857

8 W 12 8 26 16 W

34 Fabricated Metal Products .................. 4 5 12 13 5 13 6 17

35 Machinery, Except Electrical............... 4 4 14 12 5 15 5 32

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ..... 3 4 8 12 3 13 5 8

37 Transportation Equipment ................... 2 3 5 7 3 16 4 13

38 Instruments and Related Products..... 6 9W23 9QW 0

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........... 8 7 17 17 9 29 17 0

	Total ...................................................... 12361536

	Northeast Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ................ 8 8 11 18 8 29 15 0

21 Tobacco Manufactures ........................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

22 Textile Mill Products............................. 9 12 12 24 12 19 22 0

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .. 16 16 40 21 38 Q 0 0

24 Lumber and Wood Products ............... 39 26 Q Q 27 Q 0 0

25 Furniture and Fixtures.......................... 20 17 41 29 24 Q Q 0

26 Paper and Allied Products................... 5 5 6 17 14 9 9 0

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper 6 6 7 16 W 11 W 0

2631 Paperboard Mills............................... 14 14 22 Q 18 33 45 0

27 Printing and Publishing ........................ 12 13 Q 25 14 Q Q 0

28 Chemicals and Allied Products........... 15 10 8 22 80 7 0

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals........ 13 17 20 28 13 22 36 0

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ........ 6 11 5 W W W W 0

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals.......... Q 617 47 3 Q 0 0

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers..................... WWW* * * 00

29 Petroleum and Coal Products............. 6 11 13 34 13 W W 0

2911 Petroleum Refining........................... 411WWWWW 0

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .. 8 12 11 20 9 24 0 0

31 Leather and Leather Products............ 11 13 15 28 16 43 36 0

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ........ 6 6 15 21 7 W 8 W

3241 Cement, Hydraulic............................ 8 8 Q 10 Q 80

33 Primary Metal Industries ...................... 7 8 W W 5 28 11 16

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mi/Is ...... 9 6 12 7 6 12 12 14

3334 Primary Aluminum ............................ W W W W W * W 0

34 Fabricated Metal Products .................. 9 12 15 17 11 33 31 33

35 Machinery, Except Electrical............... 8 9 15 20 11 31 22 Q

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ..... 7 10 9 16 8 17 W W

37 Transportation Equipment ................... 57597WW 0

38 Instruments and Related Products..... 6 14 9 W 14 * W 0

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........... 15 12 18 19 14 14 W 0

	Total....................................................... 33483Q814

31

16

20

4

4

8

16

10

28

37

10

W

2

2

17

17 

W 

8 

11 

11

13

14

12

8

38 

Q 

3

49 

NA 

19

Q 

Q 

7

25

15

W 

6

4 

4

39 

Q 

18 

24

15

16 

W 

40 

17 

W 

15

Q

4

See footnotes at end of table.

70 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table B1. Relative Standard Errors for Table 1, Parts 1 and 2 of Detailed 

Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

sic

Code"

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total Net 

Electricity

Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal Coke and 

Breeze Other

Midwest Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ................ 4 5 12 38 5 Q 6 13 21

21 Tobacco Manufactures ........................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

22 Textile Mill Products............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .. 15 15 38 42 17 Q 40 0

24 Lumber and Wood Products ............... 19 20 W 45 19 W W 0 35

25 Furniture and Fixtures.......................... 11 11 18 Q 11 22 W 0 27

26 Paper and Allied Products................... 6 5 10 33 9 15 11 0 9

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper 6 6 10 15 6 7 7 0 9

2631 Paperboard Mills............................... 13 12 30 19 13 14 15 0 25

27 Printing and Publishing ........................ 9 10 W Q W 23 40 0 27

28 Chemicals and Allied Products........... 8 18 14 Q 3 18 4 0 39

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals........ 25 34 36 19 11 * 21 0 20

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ........ 86987WW 09

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals.......... 5 4 W W 7 W 6 0 6

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers..................... 44074* 00*

29 Petroleum and Coal Products............. 4 6 12 28 W W 24 0 5

2911 Petroleum Refining........................... 4 7WW 810W 0 5

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .. 5 7 10 25 7 16 8 0 29

31 Leather and Leather Products............ 27 47 W Q 15 * 41 0

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ........ 5 5 18 43 5 15 9 30 24

3241 Cement, Hydraulic............................ 8 8 19 8 17 8 W W

33 Primary Metal Industries...................... 56864 19 77 12

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ...... 6 5WW 6 8W 8W

3334 Primary Aluminum ............................ W W OWW31WW27

34 Fabricated Metal Products .................. 5 5 22 W 5 21 6 W 13

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ............... 5 6 40 10 7 23 5 35 23

37 

36 

Transportation 

Electric and Electronic 

Equipment 

Equipment 

................... 

..... 

3 

4 6 

3 

9 

9 

37 

11 4 

5 

24 

25 6WW

4 15 12

38 Instruments and Related Products..... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........... 12 12 Q 45 14 * W 0 W

	Total ....................................................... 247 14 2 15 475

	South Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ................ 12 7 17 48 5 19 13 24 49~

21 Tobacco Manufactures ........................ 6 6 7 29 11 15 8 0 *

22 Textile Mill Products............................. 3 4 8 36 4 14 7 0 10

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ..10 10 Q 28 15 32 24 0

24 Lumber and Wood Products ............... 15 10 31 35 12 34 0 0 18

25 Furniture and Fixtures.......................... 11 11 25 28 14 31 18 0 25

26 Paper and Allied Products................... 557 10 5 13 705

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper 5 6 11 13 6 10 7 0 6

2631 Paperboard Mills............................... 8 9 13 11 11 12 12 0 9

27 Printing and Publishing ........................ 11 13 14 38 14 30 0 0 34

28 Chemicals and Allied Products........... 2 4 10 5 2 3 3 22 10

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals........ 9 16 14 15 12 16 20 22 Q

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ........ 749 20 7660 40

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals.......... 3 4 7 4 3 4 5 012

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers..................... WWW 6 4W 0 0*

29 Petroleum and Coal Products............. 3 5 30 45 5WW 0 3

2911 Petroleum Refining........................... 3 5W16 6WW 0 3

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products.. 5 6 8 19 6 11 12 0 14

31 Leather and Leather Products............ 29 15 W Q 40 Q Q 0 *

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ........ 5 5 18 35 5 W 9 Q 31

3241 Cement, Hydraulic............................ 9 8 14 13 12 * 10 W W

33 Primary Metallndustries ...................... 5 7 16 11 5 11 8 13 17

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ...... 7 6 17 6 7 13 9 16 13

3334 Primary Aluminum ............................ 12 13 0 18 12 16 22 W W

34 Fabricated Metal Products .................. 8 10 15 W 9 23 9 W 18

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ............... 7 8 20 24 9 24 22 * 28

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ..... 5 6 29 16 6 24 W W 22

37 Transportation Equipment ................... 5 7W12 5WWW18

38 Instruments and Related Products..... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ........... 11 12 Q 38 14 Q 0 0 *

	Total....................................................... 226 13 233 12 3

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 71
Table B1. Relative Standard Errors for Table 1, Parts 1 and 2 of Detailed 

Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code8 and Industry

20 Food and Kindred Products ................

22 Textile Mill Products .............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ..

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ........ 

282 1 Plastics Materials and Resins ........

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ..

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ........ 

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ............................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ......

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment .....

38 Instruments and Related Products .....

Total.......................................................

Total

11

0

23

33 

21

NA

7

8 

16

16

8

17 

11

7

13

4

4

17 

20

5 

6

8

17 

12

14

12

9 

6

15 

25

3

Net 

Electricity

9

0

25

31 

13

NA

7

8 

21

17

12

20

7 

16

32

6

6

25 

19

5 

6

9

27 

12

11

13

10 

6

19 

22

4

Residual 

Fuel Oil

11

0

0

0 

32

NA

9

13 

19

0

25

28 

0 

W

0

7

W

36 

0

24 

13

W

W 

W

0

0

0 

W

Q 

0

5

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Wes

21

0

48

0 

17

NA

13

11 

25

Q

33

38 

W 

W

25

20

W

40 

0

19 

6

W

W 

16

29

15

Q 

25

Q 

Q

8

Natural 

Gas

t Census Re

7

0

27

43

15

NA

8

W 

18

W

9

19 

W 

8

12

W

W

15 

22

7 

7

8

18 

12

17

14

9 

6

16 

31

3

LPG

gion

30

0

*

Q 

21

NA

11

14 

14

49

9

«

W

12

Q

31

15

14

19

Q

Q 

11

Q 

Q

9

Coal

15

0

0

0 

0

NA

24

W 

45

0

28

28 

0 

0

0

0

0

0 

0

6

7

17

W 

W

0

0

0 

0

0 

0

7

Coke and 

Breeze

11

0

0

0 

0

NA

0

0 

0

0

27

27 

0 

0

0

0

0

0 

0

Q 

0

17

0 

W

0

0

0 

W

0 

0

18

Other

49

0

Q

a 

28

NA

8

9 

17

18

27 

W

»

7

5

13 

13

20

W 

17

24

Q

25 

19

0

6

a See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. 

"Original estimated value less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Relative standard error greater than or equal to 50 percent. 

NA=Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source-. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F),"1985 Manufacturing 

Energy Consumption Survey," and Office of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Supply Division,"Monthly Refinery Report," for 1985.

72 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table B2. Relative Standard Errors for Table 2 of Detailed Statistics 

Section

(Percent)

Establishment 

Characteristics"

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars) 

Under 20 ..............................................

20-49.....................................................

50-99 .....................................................

100-249 ................................................

250-499 ................................................

Total ........................................................

Employment Size 

Under 50 ..............................................

50-99.....................................................

100-249 ................................................

250-499 ................................................

500-999 ................................................

Total ........................................................

Total Electricity

4 3

3 3

3 3

3 3

2 5

3 6

0 0

1 2

25 6

11 4

3 3

2 2

3 3

2 4

0 0

1 2

Residual 

Fuel Oil

7

10

5

5

5

5

0

3

16

17

7

5

4

4

0

3

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

11

8

7

5

6

4

0

6

16

17

10

11

5

3

0

6

Natural Gas

3

2

2

2

3

3

0

1

5

3

3

2

2

3

0

1

LPG

Q

Q

6

2

6

4

0

5

Q

8

5

6

6

2

0

5

Coal

10

6

5

4

4

5

0

3

20

15

6

4

4

2

0

3

Coke& 

Breeze

23

13

9

11

12

9

0

6

Q

40

19

9

12

7

0

6

Other

18

14

11

5

5

4

0

3

24

16

10

6

5

4

0

3

a Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A. 

Q=Relative standard error greater than or equal to 50 percent.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufacturing 

Energy Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 73
Table B3. Relative Standard Errors for Table 3 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

Code"

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total Net Electricity Residual Fuel Oil Distillate Fuel Oil Natural Gas

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ............................

26 Paper and Allied Products .....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper.

2631 Paperboard Mills................................

27 Printing and Publishing .........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals.........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .......................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum .............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ......

37 Transportation Equipment ....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

 Total ........................................................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ......

24 Lumber and Wood Products...................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ............................

26 Paper and Allied Products .....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills.................................

27 Printing and Publishing .........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals..........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers.......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining .............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ..............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .......................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ......

37 Transportation Equipment ....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

 Total ........................................................

5

6

3

8

11

7

3

3

7

6

2

9

8

3

3

3

3

3

12

3

5

4

5

8

4

4

3

2

6

8

2

NA 

9 

16 

39 

20 

W 

W 

14 

W 

5

13 

W

8 

W

9

10

8

11

6

9

8 

W 

W

9

8

W

5

6

15

3

Total United States

4

6

3

8

8

7

3

4

8

7

6

18

3

3

8

3

3

5

19

3

4

4

3

8

5

4

4

3

9

7

2

7 

7 

7

29 

W 

20 

W 

5

10

W

5

11

4

W

W

7

7

7

13 

13 

W

7

8 

W 

12 

14

8

5 

W 

17

3

22 

29 

24 

16 

20 

20 

9 

9 

10 

21 

11 

14 

11 

34 

6 

18 

12 

W 

41 

15

6

7

5

12

13 

12 

W 

7 

W 

17

Northeast Census Region

8

NA 

12 

16 

26 

17

5

6 

14 

13 

10 

17 

11

6 

W 

11

11

12

13

6

8

8

6

W

12

9

10

7

14

12

3

11 

NA

12

40 

Q

41

6

7

22 

Q

8

20

5

17

W

W

W

11

15

15

Q

W

W

W

15

15

9

5

9

W

4

18 

NA 

24 

21

Q 

29 

18 

17

Q 

25 

21 

28 

17 

W

W 

W 

20 

28 

21 

10 

17

7 

W 

17 

20 

W 

W 

28 

W

8

3

11

4

12 

8 

8 

4 

4 

9 

7 

2 

10 

W 

4

3

4

5

4

15

3

8

3

4 

W

5

5

3

3

9

8

NA 

12 

38 

27 

24 

14 

W 

W 

W

8

13

12 

W

13 

W

9 

W

7 

Q

5

6 

W 

11 

11

8 

W 

14 

14

3

See footnotes at end of table.

74 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table B3. Relative Standard Errors for Table 3 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

Code8

Industry Groups 

and Industry LPG

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................

21 Tobacco Manufactures............................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ......

24 Lumber and Wood Products ...................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................

26 Paper and Allied Products .....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper..

2631 Paperboard Mills.................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals..........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins...........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ............

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers .......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ...............

2911 Petroleum Refining.............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ..............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ..............................

33 Primary Metal Industries ........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical .................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

37 Transportation Equipment .....................

38 Instruments and Related Products .......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

 Total .........................................................

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................

21 Tobacco Manufactures............................

22 Textile Mill Products ................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ......

24 Lumber and Wood Products ...................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................

26 Paper and Allied Products ......................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper..

2631 Paperboard Mills.................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals..........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins...........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ............

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers .......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ...............

2911 Petroleum Refining.............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ..............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic..............................

33 Primary Metal Industries ........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical.................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

37 Transportation Equipment .....................

38 Instruments and Related Products .......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

 Total .........................................................

Coal

28

14

11

31

W

21

6

8

10

28

W

12

7

8

7

14

40

17

12

11

8 

W

14

15 

14 

17

Q 

35

5

29 

NA 

20 

Q 

Q 

Q 

W 

11 

33 

Q

26

27

W 

W 

25 

43 

W

29

12

36

32

23

42

18 

W

Coke & Breeze Major Byproducts Other

Total United States

5

8

7

21

W

15

5

5

10

39

3

16

5

W

0

9

9

W

33

5

5

8

9

0

6

5

W

4

W

17

2

9

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

17

W

6

6

0

16

32

14

11

0

0

Northeast Census Region

15

NA

22

0

0

Q

9

W

W

Q

7

37 

W

0

0 

W 

W

0

36 

W

8 

W 

W

0 

W 

22 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

W 

0

W

W 

0

W 

Q

W 

0 

0 

0

W

Q 

0 

0 

0

0

4

5

8

0

13

0

W

W

0

3

3

0

0

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

8 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

10 

10 

0 

0

W 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

31

15

19

W

4

8 

W

9

19

26

W

W

5

5

17

11 

W 

9 

10 

W

13

14

15 

8

38 

Q 

4

NA 

19

Q 

O 

W

W 

14

10

6 

W 

12 

12 

39

W 

29 

18 

W 

W 

41 

17 

W 

16 

W 

Q

7

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 75
Table B3. Relative Standard Errors for Table 3 of Detailed Statistics Section 

(Continued)

(Percent)

sic

Code8

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................

21 Tobacco Manufactures............................

22 Textile Mill Products ................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ......

24 Lumber and Wood Products...................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................

26 Paper and Allied Products ......................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper..

2631 Paperboard Mills.................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ..........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins...........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ............

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers.......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ...............

2911 Petroleum Refining.............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ..............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ..............................

33 Primary Metal Industries ........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical .................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

37 Transportation Equipment .....................

38 Instruments and Related Products .......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

 Total .........................................................

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................

21 Tobacco Manufactures............................

22 Textile Mill Products ................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ......

24 Lumber and Wood Products ...................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................

26 Paper and Allied Products ......................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper..

2631 Paperboard Mills.................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals..........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins...........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ............

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers .......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ...............

2911 Petroleum Refining.............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ..............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ..............................

33 Primary Metal Industries ........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical .................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ......

37 Transportation Equipment .....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

 Total .........................................................

4

NA 

NA 

15 

18 

11 

W

6 

13 

W

8

25 

W

4

5

7

8 

5

27 

5

W

5

6 

19 

5 

5 

4 

3

NA

12

3

13 

6 

3

10

14

11 

5

W 

8

11 

3 

9

10 

3

W 

5 

5 

5

29

5 

W

6 

8 

12 

8 

7 

5 

5

NA

11

2

Net Electricity Residual Fuel Oil Distillate Fuel Oil Natural Gas

Midwest Census Region

5

NA 

NA 

15 

20

11

5

6

12

10

18

34

6

4

4

6

7 

7

47 

5 

8 

6 

5

W

5

6 

6 

3

NA

12

4

12 

NA 

NA 

38 

W 

W 

W 

10 

31 

W 

14 

36 

9 

8 

0 

W 

W 

10 

W

18

19

8 

W

0 

W 

40

9 

9

NA 

Q 

7

42 

NA 

NA 

42 

W

Q 

W 

W 

20

Q 

14 

19 

W

8 

W 

27 

W 

W

Q 

44 

W

7

8 

W 

W 

10 

W 

W 

NA 

W 

13

South Census Region

7

6

4

10

10

11

5

6

9

13

4

16

4

4 

W

5

5

6

15

5

8

7

6

13

10

8

6

7

NA 

12

2

17

7

8 

Q 

31 

25 

W 

11 

13 

W

6 

15

8 

W 

W 

10 

W

8 

W 

18 

W

16

17

0

W

20

29

W

NA

Q

4

48 

29 

35 

28 

36 

28 

W 

W 

11 

38

6 

15 

W 

W 

W 

34 

16 

W

Q 

22 

W 

12 

W 

18 

W 

24 

16 

W 

NA 

38 

11

5

NA 

NA 

17 

19 

W

9

6 

13 

W

4 

11 

W 

W 

W 

W

&

7

15

5

17

4

6

W

5

7

5

4

NA

14

2

5 

11

4 

15 

12 

14

6 

W 

12 

14

3 

12 

W

4 

W

5

6

6

W

5

W

5

7

W

9

9

6

W

NA

14

2

See footnotes at end of table.

76 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table B3. Relative Standard Errors for Table 3 of Detailed Statistics Section 

(Continued)

(Percent)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry LPG Coal Coke & Breeze Major Byproducts Other

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products ..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ............................

26 Paper and Allied Products .....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper.

2631 Paperboard Mills................................

27 Printing and Publishing .........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals.........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .......................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum .............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ......

37 Transportation Equipment ....................

38 "Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

 Total ........................................................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures...........................

22 Textile Mill Products ...............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products .....

24 Lumber and Wood Products ..................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ............................

26 Paper and Allied Products .....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper.

2631 Paperboard Mills................................

27 Printing and Publishing .........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ...

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries .......................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills .......

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ...................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ......

37 Transportation Equipment ....................

38 Instruments and Related Products......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ............

 Total ........................................................

Midwest Census Region

Q 

NA 

NA

Q 

W 

22 

15

7 

14 

W 

W

W

6 

W 

W 

10 

W

18

16

7 

W 

W 

24 

W 

26 

NA

12

20 

15 

14 

32 

34 

31 

W 

10 

12 

W 

W 

16 

W

8 

W 

W 

W 

W

Q 

W

11 

13 

W 

W 

24 

W 

16 

NA 

Q 

6

6

NA 

NA 

40 

W 

W 

11

7

15

40

4

21

W

6

0

23

W

W

41

9

8

11

W

0

6

5

W

4

NA

W

4

13 

NA 

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

30

W

7

W

0

W

35

0

12

NA

0

7

0

NA 

NA

0

0 

9

10 

32 

0 

Q 

0 

0 

0 

0 

7 

7 

0 

0 

0

c

6 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

0 

5

South Census Region

13 

8 

7

24

0

18

7

W

12

0

3

22

W

W

0

W

W

12

Q

9

10

14

W

0

W

22

W

W

NA

0

3

24

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W

10

W

0

W

Q 

W 

NA

0 

10

Q 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

5

6 

9 

0 

8 

0 

W 

W 

0 

5 

5 

0 

0

0 

9 

9 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

0 

3

Q 

NA 

NA

29

26

W

9

26 

W 

W 

22 

W 

W 

W 

39 

W 

30

15 

W

12 

W 

W

13 

23 

W 

W 

NA

11

49

10

17

23

5

34

9

35 

W 

W 

W

14 

W 

W 

W 

12 

W

W

W 

NA

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 77
Table B3. Relative Standard Errors for Table 3 of Detailed Statistics Section 

(Continued)

(Percent)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code" and Industry Total

——— . . . . ————— i

Net Electricity Residual Fuel Oil Distillate Fuel Oil Natural Gas

West Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products .......................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ................................

22 Textile Mill Products ....................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ..........

24 Lumber and Wood Products.......................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .................................

26 Paper and Allied Products ..........................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ......

2631 Paperboard Mills .....................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..............................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .................

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ..............

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ...............

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ................

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ...................

291 1 Petroleum Refining .................................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

31 Leather and Leather Products ..................

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..............

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ..................................

33 Primary Metal Industries ............................

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

3334 Primary Aluminum ..................................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ........................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical .....................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ...........

37 Transportation Equipment .........................

38 Instruments and Related Products ...........

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................

Total .............................................................

11

0

23

34

21

NA

7

W

16

16

9

17

11

7

W

6

6

17

20

5

6

8

W

W

14

12

W

6

15

25

3

9

0

25

31

13

NA

7

8

21

17

12

20

7

16

W

6

6

25

19

5

6

9

27

12

11

13

10

6

19

22

4

11

0

0

0

31

NA

9

13

19

0

25

28

0

W

0

7

W

36

0

24

13

W

W

W

0

0

0

W

Q

0

5

21

0

48

0

W

NA

14

W

25

Q

37

43

W

W

25

W

W

40

*

19

6

16

W

16

29

15

Q

25

Q

0

8

7

0

27

45

15

NA

8

W

W

W

8

20

W

8

12

W

W

15

22

7

7

8

18

W

17

13

g

6

16

31

3

a See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. 

'Original estimated value less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q = Relative standard error greater than or equal to 50 percent. 

NA=Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufactur 

ing Energy Consumption Survey."

78 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table B3. Relative Standard Errors for Table 3 of Detailed Statistics Section 

(Continued)

(Percent)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code" and Industry LPG Coal Coke & Breeze Major Byproducts Other

West Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................

21 Tobacco Manufactures............................

22 Textile Mill Products ................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ......

24 Lumber and Wood Products...................

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................

26 Paper and Allied Products ......................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper..

2631 Paperboard Mills.................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals..........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins...........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ............

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers.......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ...............

2911 Petroleum Refining .............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products ..............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ..............................

33 Primary Metal Industries ........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical.................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

37 Transportation Equipment .....................

38 Instruments and Related Products .......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

 Total .........................................................

30

0

Q 

20 

NA 

11

14

15 

49 

W

W

W 

W 

Q

W 

15

*

W 

W 

Q 

Q 

9 

Q 

Q 

W

15 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

24 

W 

W 

0

28

28

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

7

W

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

11 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

Q 

0

W

W 

0 

0 

0 

0

W 

0 

0

W

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

9 

W 

17 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

6 

6 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5

49 

0 

Q 

0

28

NA 

9 

9

19

W 

30

W

6 

W

13 

15 

21 

W

W 

Q 

W 

19

0

11

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 79
Table B4. Relative Standard Errors for Table 4 of Detailed Statistics 

Section

(Percent)

Establishment 

Characteristics"

Value of Shipments and 

Receipts 

(million dollars) 

Under 20........................

20-49 ..............................

50-99 ..............................

100-249 ..........................

250-499 ..........................

500 and Over ................

Total .................................

Employment Size 

Under 50 ........................

50-99..............................

100-249 ..........................

250-499..........................

500-999..........................

Total .................................

Total

4

3

3

3

3

3

2

6

4

3

3

3

3

2

Net 

Electricity

3

3

3

3

5

6

2

6

4

3

2

3

4

2

Residual 

Fuel Oil

8

6

5

5

5

5

3

16

11

5

5

4

4

3

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

9

9

7

W

W

W

6

14

15

10

11

5

4

6

Natural Gas

3

2

2

2

3

3

2

5

4

3

2

3

3

2

LPG

W

W

5

6

6

6

5

25

12

8

5

8

7

5

Coal

11

6

4

W

W

W

2

W

15

6

4

W

3

2

Coke& 

Breeze

W

13

10

W

W

W

6

W

41

22

12

W

6

6

Major By 

products

22

16

7

5

5

3

3

Q

11

6

5

4

4

3

Other

W

W

17

8

5

4

4

36

20

14

9

7

4

4

11 Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A. 

W = Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q = Relative standard error greater than or equal to 50 percent.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufacturing 

Energy Consumption Survey."

80 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table B5. Relative Standard Errors for Table 5 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

CodeIndustry Groups 

and Industry Total Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal Coke & 

Breeze Other

Total United States

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................... 21

21 Tobacco Manufactures............................. 0

22 Textile Mill Products ................................. 46

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....... Q

24 Lumber and Wood Products .................... 41

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................. Q

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................... 21

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .... 22

2631 Paperboard Mills................................... 25

27 Printing and Publishing ............................. *

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............... 3

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ............ 13

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ............. 5

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals............... 7

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................... 4

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ................. 1

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................ 0

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....... 17

31 Leather and Leather Products ................ Q

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ............. 49

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ................................

33 Primary Metal Industries........................... 5

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........... 5

3334 Primary Aluminum................................. 11

34 Fabricated Metal Products....................... 23

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................... 29

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment.......... 12

37 Transportation Equipment........................ 9

36 Instruments and Related Products ......... *

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries................ *

 Total ........................................................... 2

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................... *

21 Tobacco Manufactures............................. NA

22 Textile Mill Products ................................. Q

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....... 0

24 Lumber and Wood Products.................... 0

25 Furniture and Fixtures .............................. 0

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................... W

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .... W

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................... Q

27 Printing and Publishing ............................. Q

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............... Q

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ............

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ............. W

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals............... Q

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers .........................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ................. 1

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................ 0

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products....... *

31 Leather and Leather Products ................ Q

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .............

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ................................

33 Primary Metal Industries........................... 11

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........... W

3334 Primary Aluminum................................. W

34 Fabricated Metal Products....................... 32

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................... *

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment.......... W

37 Transportation Equipment........................ 15

38 Instruments and Related Products ......... Q

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries................ *

 Total ........................................................... 8

40

0

0 

Q 

0 

W 

0

35 

W 

18 

36 

0 

W 

0 

Q 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

0 

19

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Q

Q 

0 

Q 

0

37 

0 

13 

17 

19

33 

23 

Q

6

7 

Q 

0 

Q 

Q 

Q

16

33 

8 

0

44 

Q 

W

14 

W 

Q

29

23

0

Q

Q

Q

0

19

26

23

0

3

28 

W

3

4

0

0

0 

Q

19 

Q 

W 

28 

35 

23 

11

30

0

Q 

0

Q 

0

W

10

W 

0 

0

33 

0

43

0

25

33

14

18

19

6

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

8 

32 

W 

W 

0 

0 

0 

W 

0 

Q 

0 

5 

5 

16 

Q 

0 

W 

0 

0 

0 

5

Northeast Census Region

Q 

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

26 

0 

0 

Q

W 

W

0 

Q

0

0

29 

23 

Q 

W 

0 

Q 

Q 

W 

W 

0

25

Q 

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

W 

0 

0 

47

0 

W 

0 

Q 

0

Q 

0 

0

46 

Q

*

W 

Q

24

Q 

NA 

Q 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

0 

Q 

0 

Q

W 

Q 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

0

Q

0

0

34

15 

W 

Q 

1 

Q

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

W 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

18 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

0

12

13

W

45

0

9

Q

0

0

12

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

36

W 

0

W 

0

W 

0 

0 

0

33

Q 

W

0

36 

Q

5

17 

12 

W 

W

1

0 

Q 

Q

12

24

12

20

17

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

0 

0 

Q 

13

0 

0 

0 

Q

37 

W 

W 

Q 

Q 

W

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 81
Table B5. Relative Standard Errors for Table 5 of Detailed Statistics Section 

(Continued)

(Percent)

sic

Code'

Industry Groups 

and Industry Total Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal Coke & 

Breeze Other

Midwest Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products..................... 30 40 Q 12 29 0 0

21 Tobacco Manufactures............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

22 Textile Mill Products ................................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....... * 0 0 0 * 0 0 Q

24 Lumber and Wood Products.................... * 0 W 0 * 0 0

26 

25 

Paper 

Furniture 

and 

and 

Allied 

Fixtures 

Products 

.............................. 

....................... W 

Q 

QWQOOOQ

OOOOOOQ

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper.... ' 0 W 0 0 0 0 0

28 

27 

2631 

Chemicals 

Printing 

Paperboard 

and 

and 

Publishing 

Mills 

Allied 

................................... 

Products 

............................. 

............... 10 

Q 

Q QQOOOOQ

OQOQOOO

0 Q 4 W 0 W

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals............ 29 00*0*0*

2821 

2873 

2869 

Nitrogenous 

Plastics 

Industrial 

Materials 

Organic 

Fertilizers 

and 

Chemicals............... 

Resins............. 

......................... 

W 

4 

9 

OWWWOOW

OWWWOOW

OWWWOOW

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ................. 1 Q Q * 0 0 0 1

30 

2911 

Rubber 

Petroleum 

and Misc. 

Refining 

Plastics 

............................ 

Products....... 21 

0 

OQQQWOQ

00*0000

32 

31 

Stone, 

Leather 

Clay 

and 

and 

Leather 

Glass 

Products 

Products............. 

................ 

Q 

Q 

0 

OQOOOOO

32 Q 14 Q Q

33 

3241 

Primary 

Cement, 

Metal 

Hydraulic 

Industries........................... 

................................ W 

7 0 

OWOOOOO

21 31 Q 7 16 21

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills........... 7 0 W Q * 7 W W

34 

3334 

Fabricated 

Primary Aluminum................................. 

Metal Products....................... 49 

W 

0 

OOOOWWW

26 Q 37 Q 0 Q

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................... 20 0 34 22 42 0 0 *

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment.......... * 0 W * Q W W W

37 Transportation Equipment........................ 9 0 W 10 27 0 Q W

38 Instruments and Related Products ......... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

39 

 Total 

Misc. Manufacturing 

........................................................... 

Industries................ Q 

4 Q 

OOQOOOQ

Q 4 18 7 16 1

20 Food and Kindred Products..................... 36 0 Q 41 Q 0 0 0

22 

21 

Textile 

Tobacco 

Mill 

Manufactures............................. 

Products ................................. Q 

0 

0 

0000000

Q Q * 0 0

24 

23 Apparel 

Lumber and 

and 

Wood 

Other Textile 

Products.................... 

Products....... 

Q 

Q 

OQQQOOQ

OOQOOOQ

26 

25 

Paper 

Furniture 

and 

and 

Allied 

Fixtures 

Products 

.............................. 

....................... 29 

0 

W 

0000000

W 23 Q 0 0 45

2631 

2621 

Paperboard 

Paper Mills, 

Mills 

Except 

................................... 

Building Paper.... 

29 

W 

31 

OWOOOOO

22 24 00 45

27 Printing and Publishing ............................. * W 0 0 W 0 0 0

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............... 3 18 9 3W8W6

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ............ 14 36 24 29 * 32 22 25

2869 

2821 

Industrial 

Plastics Materials 

Organic 

and 

Chemicals............... 

Resins............. 

4 

6 

WW34WOW

OQWWWOW

29 

2873 

Petroleum 

Nitrogenous 

and 

Fertilizers 

Coal Products 

......................... 

................. 

4 

1 Q 

OWWWOOO

Q 0 0 0 0 1

30 

2911 

Rubber 

Petroleum 

and Misc. 

Refining 

Plastics 

............................ 

Products....... * 

0 

0 

0000000

Q Q W 0 0 Q

32 

31 

Stone, 

Leather 

Clay 

and 

and 

Leather 

Glass 

Products 

Products............. 

................ 

Q 

0 

Q 

0000000

Q Q Q 0 Q

33 

3241 

Primary 

Cement, 

Metal 

Hydraulic 

Industries........................... 

................................ W 

8 0 

OWOOOOO

25 19 9 13 20

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills........... 9 0 12 0 0 9 17

3334 Primary Aluminum................................. 17 0 0 W 0 22 W 17

34 Fabricated Metal Products....................... 40 0 Q 44 Q 0 Q *

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................... * OQQQOO*

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment.......... 19 0 0 * W 0 W W

37 Transportation Equipment........................ 34 0 W W * 0 0 Q

38 Instruments and Related Products ......... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

39 

 Total 

Misc. Manufacturing 

........................................................... 

Industries................ * 0**000*

2 20 40 3 3 8 23 1

South Census Region

See footnotes at end of table.

82 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table B5. Relative Standard Errors for Table 5 of Detailed Statistics Section 

(Continued)

(Percent)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code" and Industry Total Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil Natural Gas LPG ,, . Coke & 

Coal Breeze Other

West Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products .....................

Tobacco Manufactures .............................

Textile Mill Products .................................

Apparel and Other Textile Products .......

Lumber and Wood Products ....................

Furniture and Fixtures ..............................

Paper and Allied Products .......................

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ....

Paperboard Mills ...................................

Printing and Publishing ..'...........................

Chemicals and Allied Products ...............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ............

Plastics Materials and Resins .............

Industrial Organic Chemicals ...............

Nitrogenous Fertilizers .........................

Petroleum and Coal Products .................

Petroleum Refining ............................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products .......

Leather and Leather Products ................

Stone, Clay and Glass Products .............

Cement, Hydraulic ................................

Primary Metal Industries ...........................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ...........

Primary Aluminum .................................

Fabricated Metal Products .......................

Machinery, Except Electrical ...................

Electric and Electronic Equipment ..........

Transportation Equipment ........................

Instruments and Related Products .........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries ................

Total ...........................................................

*

0

0

Q

Q

NA

40

W

45

*

11

25

*

0

12

4

0

Q

0

*

0

17

W

15

*

Q

W

Q

Q

Q

4

0

0

0

0

Q

NA

45

0

45

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Q

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

35

0

0

0

0

Q

NA

15

W

45

*

29

30

0

0

0

Q

0

0

0

40

0

W

0

0

0

Q

0

0

0

Q

19

*

0

0

Q

0

NA

*

0

*

0

12

*

0

0

12

0

0

0

0

Q

0

Q

0

0

*

Q

0

Q

0

0

12

Q

0

0

0

Q

NA

*

0

*

0

w

Q

*

0

*

0

0

Q

0

*

0

*

0

0

Q

0

0

Q

0

0

31

0

0

0

0

0

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

w

w

0

0

0

0

0

0

w

0

0

0

0

0

NA

0

0

0

0

27

27

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

28

0

W

0

0

0

0

0

0

24

Q

0

0

0

*

NA

*

0

0

0

w*

0

0

*

4

0

0

0

*

0

18

Q

17

Q

0

W

Q

Q

0

4

• See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. 

'Original estimated value less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Relative standard error greater than or equal to 50 percent. 

NA=Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F),"1985 Manufactur 

ing Energy Consumption Survey," and Office of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Supply Division Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report," for 1985.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 83
Table B6. Relative Standard Errors for Table 6 of Detailed Statistics 

Section

(Percent)

Establishment Characteristics- Total **£ TM N*<

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars) 

Under 20 .................................................................. 28 11 47 2

20-49......................................................................... 11 25 28

50-99......................................................................... 7 26 22

100-249 .................................................................... 4 31 W

250-499 .................................................................... 4 13 W

500 and Over .......................................................... SOW

Total ............................................................................ 2 19 31

Employment Size 

Under 50 .................................................................. 34 Q Q

50-99......................................................................... 11 40 Q

100-249 ................................................................... 6 22 24

250-499 .................................................................... 4 41 21

500-999 .................................................................... 4 19 9

1,000 and Over ....................................................... 4 16 8

Total ............................................................................ 2 19 31

f LPG °- Breeze TM»

4 Q 23 Q Q 

5 Q 28 23 W 

4 7 11 16 40 

4 5 W W 7 

5 6 W W 5 

00000 

4 5 W W 10 

3 6 5 12 10

7 Q W Q Q 

5 10 48 40 Q 

7 7 23 33 11 

8 6 12 14 28 

5 7 W W 6 

00000 

4 5 6 14 7 

3 6 5 12 10

• Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size data were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A. 

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Relative standard error greater than or equal to 50 percent.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey."

84 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table B7. Relative Standard Errors for Table 7 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code" and Industry

20 Food and Kindred Products..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ..........................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

282 1 Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

291 1 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products....

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries ........................

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

37 Transportation Equipment .....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total..........................................................

Total

4

6

3

8

10

7

3

3

6

6

2

9

4

3

3

4

4

3

12

3

5

3

4

8

4

4

3

2

5

6

1

Electricity

4

6

3

8

7

7

3

4

7

7

5

18

3

2

8

3

4

5

19

3

4

4

3

8

5

4

4

3

9

7

2

Residual 

Fuel Oil

7

7

7

29

W

20

4

5

10

19

5

11

4

8

W

24

14

7

13

13

W

7

8

W

12

14

8

5

W

17

3

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Tola

21

29

24

17

20

20

9

9

10

21

12

14

16

34

6

25

18

13

41

15

6

7

5

12

13

12

12

7

23

17

6

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal Coke & _.. 

Breeze : Other

United States

3

11

4

12

8

8

4

4

9

7

2

10

W

4

3

5

5

4

15

3

8

3

4

8

5

5

3

3

9

9

2

28

14

11

31

17

21

6

8

10

28

5

12

7

6

*

33

18

14

40

17

12

11

8

W

14

15

14

17

Q

35

6

5

8

7

21

W

15

5

5

10

39

3

16

W

4

0

9

9

7

33

5

5

8

9

0

6

5

5

4

W

17

2

9 40

0

0 9

0

0 20

0 26

0 5

0 5

0 9

0 16

0 13

0 12

0 14

0 6

0 W

0 9

0 9

0 20

0

17 18

W W

7 8

8 9

0 23

16 13

32 11

14 14

11 7

0 17

0

6 5

Northeast Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ..........................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills ...... .........................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products .......... ...

2911 Petroleum Refining .. .........................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries ........................

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

37 Transportation Equipment .....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total .......................................................

8

NA

9

16

34

18

5

5

14

12

5

13

7

8

W

12

12

8

11

6

9

5

6

W

9

8

7

5

6

9

2

8

NA

12

16

26

17

5

5

14

13

9

17

11

6

W

11

12

12

13

6

8

8

6

W

12

9

9

7

13

12

3

11

NA

12

40

Q

41

6

7

22

Q

8

20

5

17

W

W

Q

11

15

15

Q

W

W

W

15

15

9

5

9

W

4

18

NA

24

21

Q

29

W

17

Q

25

22

28

22

47

*

W

W

20

28

21

10

17

W

W

17

20

17

11

W

W

8

8

NA

12

38

27

24

W

10

W

14

8

13

W

3

*

W

14

9

W

7

Q

5

6

W

11

11

8

W

14

14

3

29

NA

20

Q

Q

Q

9

11

33

Q

26

27

*

Q

*

*

Q

25

43

29

*

29

12

*

36

32

23

42

*

18

8

15

NA

22

0

0

Q

9

10

W

Q

7

37

W

0

0

W

W

0

36

W

8

16

13

0

W

22

W

W

W

W

4

0 Q

NA NA

0 19

0

0

0 Q

0 W

0 10

0

0 W

0 9

0

0 W

0 6

0 W

0

0

0 38

0 W

W W

0 24

W 16

W 17

0

46 W

Q

W W

0 16

0 W

0 Q

11 9

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 85
Table B7. Relative Standard Errors for Table 7 of Detailed Statistics Section 

(Continued)

(Percent)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code" and Industry Total Electricity Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal Coke& 

Breeze Other

Midwest Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ..........................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries........................

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

37 Transportation Equipment .....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total..........................................................

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ..........................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

282 1 Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries........................

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

37 Transportation Equipment .....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total..........................................................

4

NA

NA

15

16

10

6

5

11

9

8

25

6

5

5

7

7

6

27

5

8

4

6

W

5

5

4

3

NA

12

2

9

6

3

10

15

10

4

5

8

11

2

9

5

3

4

5

5

5

29

5

9

6

9

12

8

7

5

5

NA

11

2

5

NA

NA

15

20

11

5

6

12

10

18

34

6

4

4

6

7

7

47

5

8

6

5

W

5

6

6

3

NA

12

4

7

6

4

10

11

11

4

6

9

13

4

15

4

2

8

5

5

6

15

5

7

7

5

13

10

8

6

7

NA

12

2

12

NA

NA

38

W

W

10

10

31

W

14

36

9

W

0

W

Q

10

W

18

19

8

8

0

W

40

9

9

NA

Q

5

17

7

8

Q

31

25

7

11

13

19

6

15

9

8

W

21

W

8

W

18

W

16

17

0

W

20

29

W

NA

Q

4

42

NA

NA

42

W

Q

W

15

20

Q

14

19

W

8

8

36

0

26

Q

44

8

7

8

W

27

10

37

12

NA

W

13

South

48

29

35

28

36

28

10

13

11

38

6

15

20

W

7

Q

21

19

Q

22

14

12

W

18

41

24

16

12

NA

38

11

5

NA

NA

17

19

W

W

6

13

10

4

11

6

9

5

W

8

7

15

5

17

4

6

W

5

7

5

4

NA

14

2

Q

NA

NA

Q

41

22

15

7

14

23

13

*

W

*

*

Q

*

10

*

18

*

16

7

W

W

24

25

26

NA

*

16

6

NA

NA

40

W

W

11

7

15

40

4

21

W

6

0

23

W

9

41

9

8

11

11

0

6

5

6

4

NA

W

1

13

NA

NA

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

30

W

8

9

0

23

35

0

12

NA

0

8

22

NA

NA

*

41

27

W

11

24

W

Q

25

W

6

*

23

W

39

*

24

W

9

12

*

13

13

31

7

NA

Q

18

Census Region

5

11

4

15

12

14

6

W

12

14

3

13

5

4

4

5

6

6

W

5

W

5

7

12

9

9

6

5

NA

14

2

20

15

14

32

34

31

12

10

12

30

6

16

8

6

*

W

W

10

Q

W

*

11

13

W

W

24

W

W

NA

Q

7

13

8

7

24

0

18

7

W

12

0

3

22

6

5

0

W

W

12

Q

9

10

14

W

0

W

22

W

W

NA

0

3

24

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

W

W

14

W

0

W

*

Q

W

NA

0

14

Q

*

10

*

29

34

6

7

10

35

12

14

15

W

W

10

10

14

W

W

W

12

W

*

W

*

W

20

NA

Q

7

See footnotes at end of table.

86 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table B7. Relative Standard Errors for Table 7 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Continued)

(Percent)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code" and Industry Total Electricity Residual 

Fuel Oil

Distillate 

Fuel Oil

Natural 

Gas LPG Coal Coke & 

Breeze Other

West Census Region

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper . 

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products....

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 12 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

Total..........................................................

6 

0 

23 

34 

17 

NA 

7 

7 

17 

16 

8 

14 

11 

8 

W 

7 

8 

17 

22 

5 

6 

7 

18 

12 

14 

12 

9 

6 

15 

25 

3

7 

0 

25 

31 

11 

NA 

6 

8 

17 

17 

12 

20 

7 

6 

W 

6 

6 

25 

19 

5 

6 

9 

26 

12 

11 

13 

10 

6 

19 

22 

4

11 

0 

0 

0 

31 

NA 

9 

13 

19 

0 

25 

28 

0 

W 

0 

Q 

W 

36 

0 

24 

13 

W 

W 

W 

0 

0 

0 

W 

Q 

0 

6

21 

0 

48 

0 

18 

NA 

14 

12 

25 

Q 

37 

43 

W 

W 

25 

Q 

W 

40 

0 

19 

6 

16 

W 

16 

29 

15 

Q 

25 

Q 

0 

9

7 

0 

27 

45 

15 

NA 

8 

W 

W 

18 

8 

15 

W 

8 

12 

W 

W 

15 

25 

7 

7 

8 

18 

12 

17 

13 

9 

W 

16 

31 

3

30 

0

Q 

20 

NA 

11 

14 

15 

49 

20

W

Q 

W 

Q

W 

15

W 

W 

Q 

Q 

W 

Q 

Q 

12

15 

0 

0 

0 

0 

NA 

24 

W 

W 

0 

26 

26 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

7 

19 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

6

11 

0 

0 

0 

0 

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

0 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

0 

0 

13

26

0 

Q 

0 

29 

NA 

10 

9 

20

*

10

W

13 

W 

Q

14 

13 

33 

W

W 

Q

19

*

0 

10

' See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. 

'Original estimated value less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q = Relative standard error greater than or equal to 50 percent. 

NA=Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufacturing 

Energy Consumption Survey."

Table B8. Relative Standard Errors for Table 8 of Detailed Statistics 

Section

(Percent)

Establishment Characteristics8 Total Electricity ^^ Fuel'oN

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars) 

20-49 

Under 

.................................................................... 

20.............................................................. 

3369

3389

50-99 

100-249................................................................ 

.................................................................... 

2 

2357

3 5 W

250-499................................................................ 3 5 5 W

500 and Over ...................................................... 3 5 5 W

Total ....................................................................... 1236

Employment Size 

Under 50 .............................................................. 6 6 17 14

50-99 .................................................................... 4 4 13 16

100-249 ................................................................ 2 3 6 11

250-499 ................................................................ 2 2 5 11

500-999 

1,000 and 

................................................................ 

Over ................................................... 2444

2355

Total ....................................................................... 1236

Natural . „„ _ . Coke & -. . 

Gas LPG Coal Breeze Other

3 W 11 W W

2 W 6 13 W

2 5 4 11 7

2 6 W W 9

3 5 W W 6

26265

3 6 W W 5

5 25 W W 40

4 13 15 41 22

3 9 6 23 11

2 6 4 12 13

35374

3 6 W W 6

26265

• Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size data were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A. 

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufacturing 

Energy Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 87
Table B9. Relative Standard Errors for Table 9 of Detailed Statistics 

Section

(Percent)

SIC

Code"

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2627

,?63 /

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

£S>//

30

31

32

324 1

33

33 7£

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Industry Group

Food and Kindred Products..................

Tobacco Manufactures ..........................

Textile Mill Products ..............................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

Lumber and Wood Products.................

Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

Paper and Allied Products ....................

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

Paperboard Mills ................................

Printing and Publishing ..........................

Chemicals and Allied Products ............

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

Petroleum Refining ............................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products....

Leather and Leather Products .............

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

Cement, Hydraulic .............................

Primary Metal Industries........................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

Primary Aluminum ..............................

Fabricated Metal Products ....................

Machinery, Except Electrical ................

Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

Transportation Equipment .....................

Instruments and Related Products ......

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

Total ..........................................................

16

W

13

0

Q

Q

4

4

8

11

5

17

28

9

W

8

9

23

W

15

W

8

9

*

27

7

Q

12

W

*

3

Northeast

12

0

20

0

0

Q

8

8

23

Q

10

0

W

W

0

W

W

40

0

W

0

W

W

0

27

W

Q

W

W

*

4

Census

Midwest

25

0

0

0

W

Q

9

8

15

Q

W

37

W

5

0

W

W

0

W

W

0

12

12

0

0

W

0

W

0

0

6

Region

South

37

W

13

0

24

Q

5

6

10

0

6

18

45

W

W

11

11

Q

0

0

0

12

W

*

0

Q

*

0

0

0

4

West

25

0

0

0

Q

0

12

13

23

W

W

22

0

W

W

15

17

W

0

W

W

W

0

0

0

0

Q

W

W

0

10

a See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system. 

"Original estimated value less than 0.5 rounded to zero.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Relative standard error greater than or equal to 50 percent.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufacturing 

Energy Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table B10. Relative Standard Errors for Table 10 of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

Code"

Industry Group 

and Industry Consumption per 

Employee

Consumption per

Dollar of Value

Added

Consumption per

Dollar of Value of

Shipments

Major Byproducts as 

a Percent of 

Consumption

Fuel Oil as a

Percent of Natural

Gas

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures..........................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ....

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries ........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment.......

37 Transportation Equipment.....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

 All Manufacturing .................................

20 Food and Kindred Products..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures..........................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products .................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products....

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries ........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment.......

37 Transportation Equipment.....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

 All Manufacturing .................................

5

6

3

8

11

7

3

3

7

6

2

9

8

3

3

3

3

3

12

3

5

4

5

8

4

4

3

2

6

NA 

9 

16 

39 

20 

W 

W 

14 

W 

5 

13 

W

8 

W

9

10

8

11

6

9

8 

W 

W

9 

8 

W

5

6

15

3

Total United States

3

8

11

7

3

3

7

6

2

9

8

3

3

3

3

3

12

3

5

4

5

8

4

4

3

2

6

8

2

3

8

11

7

3

3

7

6

2

9

8

3

3

3

3

3

12

3

5

4

5

8

4

4

3

2

6

Northeast Census Region

8 

NA

9 

16 

39 

20 

W 

W 

14 

W 

5 

13 

W

8 

W

9

10

8

11

6

9

8 

W 

W

9 

8 

W

5

6

15

3

8 

NA

9 

16 

39 

20

W

W 

14

W

5

13

W

8 

W

9

10

8

11

6

9

8 

W 

W

9 

8 

W

5

6

15

3

Q 

0 

0 

0

W 

0

4

5 

8 

0 

W 

0 

W 

W 

0 

3 

3 

0 

0 

W 

W 

5 

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3

0

NA 

0 

0 

0 

0 

W 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

10 

10 

0 

0 

W 

W 

W 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

6

7 

7 

7

29 

W 

20 

W 

5

10 

W 

5

11 

W 

W 

W 

7 

7 

W 

13 

13 

W

7

8 

W 

12 

14 

W

5 

W 

17

3

11 

NA

12

40 

Q

41

6 

W 

W 

0

8 

20

5 

W 

W 

W 

W 

11 

W 

15 

Q 

W 

W 

W 

15 

15 

W 

W

9 

W

4

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table B10. Relative Standard Errors for Table 10 of Detailed Statistics Section 

(Continued)

(Percent)

sic

Code"

Industry Group 

and Industry Consumption per 

Employee

Consumption per

Dollar of Value

Added

Consumption per

Dollar of Value of

Shipments

Major Byproducts i 

a Percent of 

Consumption

Fuel Oil as a

Percent of Natural

Gas

20 Food and Kindred Products ..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures..........................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products.................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills ...............................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products....

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries ........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum ..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment.......

37 Transportation Equipment.....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

 All Manufacturing .................................

20 Food and Kindred Products..................

21 Tobacco Manufactures..........................

22 Textile Mill Products ..............................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

24 Lumber and Wood Products.................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ...........................

26 Paper and Allied Products ....................

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

2631 Paperboard Mills ................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..........................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products ............

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals .........

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ...........

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ......................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ..............

2911 Petroleum Refining ............................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products....

31 Leather and Leather Products .............

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..........

3241 Cement, Hydraulic .............................

33 Primary Metal Industries ........................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

3334 Primary Aluminum..............................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ....................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment.......

37 Transportation Equipment.....................

38 Instruments and Related Products ......

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .............

 All Manufacturing .................................

4

NA 

NA 

15 

18 

11 

W

6 

13

9

8

25 

W

4

5

7

8 

5

27 

5

W

5

6 

19 

5 

5 

4 

3

NA

12

3

13 

6 

3

10

14

11 

5

W 

8

11 

3 

9

10 

3

W 

5 

5 

5

29

5 

W

6 

8

12 

8 

7 

5 

5 

NA

11 

2

Midwest Census Region

4

NA 

NA 

15 

18 

11 

W

6 

13

9

8

25 

W

4

5

7

8 

5

27 

5

W

5

6 

19 

5 

5 

4 

3

NA

12

3

13 

6 

3

10

14

11 

5

W 

8

11 

3 

9

10 

3

W 

5 

5 

5

29

5 

W

6 

8

12 

8 

7 

5 

5 

NA

11 

2

4

NA 

NA 

15 

18 

11 

W

6 

13

9

8

25 

W

4

5

7

8 

5

27 

5

W

5

6 

19 

5 

5 

4 

3

NA

12

3

0

NA 

NA 

0 

W 

0 

W 

10 

32 

0 

Q 

0 

0 

0 

0 

7 

7 

0 

0 

0 

0 

6 

W 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

0 

5

South Census Region

13 

6 

3

10

14

11 

5

W 

8

11 

3 

9

10 

3

W 

5 

5 

5

29

5 

W

6 

8

12 

8 

7 

5 

5 

NA

11 

2

Q 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5

W 

9 

0

W 

0

W

W 

0 

5 

5 

0 

0

W 

0 

9 

9 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

NA 

0 

3

12 

NA 

NA 

38 

W 

W 

W 

W 

31 

W 

14 

36 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W 

18 

W 

8 

W 

W 

W 

40 

W 

W 

NA 

Q 

7

17

7

8 

Q

31

25 

W 

W

13 

W 

6

15 

W 

W 

W

10 

W 

W 

W

18 

W

16 

W 

W 

W

20

29

W

NA

Q

4

See footnotes at end of table.

90 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table B10. Relative Standard Errors for Table 10 of Detailed Statistics Section 

(Continued)

(Percent)

SIC Industry Group 

Code" and Industry Consumption per 

Employee

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value 

Added

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value of 

Shipments

Major Byproducts as 

a Percent of

Consumption ———————————

Fuel Oil as a 

Percent of Natural 

Gas

West Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621 

2631

27

28

2819

2821 

2869

2873

29

2911

30 

31

32

3241

33

3312 

3334

34

35

36

37

38 

39

Apparel and Other Textile Products ....

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper .

Plastics Materials and Resins ..........

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products....

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ........

Electric and Electronic Equipment .......

Instruments and Related Products ......

11

0

23

34 

21

NA

7

W 

16

16

9

17

11

7

W

6

6

17 

20

5

6

8

W 

W

14

12

W 

6

15 

25

3

11

0

23

34 

21

NA

7

W 

16

16

9

17

11

7

W

6

6

17 

20

5

6

8

W 

W

14

12

W 

6

15 

25

3

11

0

23

34 

21

NA

7

W 

16

16

9

17

11

7

W

6

6

17 

20

5

6

8

W 

W

14

12

W 

6

15 

25

3

0

0

0

0 

0

NA

9

W 

17

0

0

0

0 

0

0

6

6

0 

0

0

0

W

W 

0

0

0

0 

0

0 

0

5

11

0

0

0 

W

NA

9

W 

W

W

25

28

W 

W

0

W

W

36 

0

24

13

W

W 

W

0

0

0 

W

Q 

0

5

* See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Relative standard error greater than or equal to 50 percent. 

NA=Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F),"1985 Manufacturing 

Energy Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 91
Table B11. Relative Standard Errors for Table 11 of Detailed Statistics 

Section

(Percent)

Establishment Characteristics* Consumption per 

Employee

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value 

Added

Consumption per 

Dollar of Value of 

Shipments

Major Byproducts as 

a Percent of 

Consumption

Fuel Oil as a 

Percent of Natural 

Gas

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars)

Under 20........................................

20-49 ..............................................

50-99 ..............................................

100-249..........................................

250-499..........................................

500 and Over................................

All Manufacturing ..........................

22

16

7

5

5

3

3

8 

6 

5 

W 

W 

W 

3

Employment Size 

Under 50 ...............................................

50-99 .....................................................

100-249.................................................

250-499................................................

500-999................................................

1,000 and Over ....................................

All Manufacturing .................................

................ 6

4

3

................ 3

................ 3

............... 3

............... 2

6

4

3

3

3

3

2

6

4

3

3

3

3

2

Q

11

6

5

4

4

3

16

11

5

5

4

4

3

• Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A. 

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q=Relative standard error greater than or equal to 50 percent.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufacturing 

Energy Consumption Survey."

92 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table B12. Relative Standard Errors for Table 12, Parts 1 and 2, 

of Detailed Statistics Section

(Percent)

sic

Code8

Industry Groups 

and Industry Electricity Residual Fuel 

Oil

Distillate Fuel 

Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal

Total United States

20 Food and Kindred Products...................... 4

21 Tobacco Manufactures .............................. 6

22 Textile Mill Products................................... 3

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ........ 8

24 Lumber and Wood Products ..................... 8

25 Furniture and Fixtures ................................ 8

26 Paper and Allied Products......................... 3

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper...... 3

2631 Paperboard Mills..................................... 7

27 Printing and Publishing .............................. 7

28 Chemicals and Allied Products................. 4

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals.............. 14

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins............... 3

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals................ 2

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers........................... 9

29 Petroleum and Coal Products................... 3

2911 Petroleum Refining................................. 4

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........ 6

31 Leather and Leather Products .................. 18

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .............. 3

3241 Cement, Hydraulic.................................. 4

33 Primary Metal Industries ............................ 4

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............ 4

3334 Primary Aluminum .................................. 8

34 Fabricated Metal Products ........................ 5

35 Machinery, Except Electrical ..................... 4

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ........... 4

37 Transportation Equipment ......................... 3

38 Instruments and Related Products........... 10

39 • Misc. Manufacturing Industries ................. 8

 All Manufacturing...................................... 2

20 Food and Kindred Products ...................... 9

21 Tobacco Manufactures .............................. NA

22 Textile Mill Products................................... 12

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ........ 15

24 Lumber and Wood Products ..................... 26

25 Furniture and Fixtures................................ 17

26 Paper and Allied Products......................... 5

2621 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper...... 5

2631 Paperboard Mills..................................... 13

27 Printing and Publishing .............................. 14

28 Chemicals and Allied Products................. 9

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals.............. 17

2821 Plastics Materials and Resins............... 11

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ................ 6

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers........................... 6

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ................... 11

2911 Petroleum Refining................................. 12

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........ 11

31 Leather and Leather Products .................. 14

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products .............. 7

3241 Cement, Hydraulic.................................. 8

33 Primary Metal Industries ............................ 8

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............ 5

3334 Primary Aluminum .................................. W

34 Fabricated Metal Products ........................ 12

35 Machinery, Except Electrical..................... 9

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ........... 7

37 Transportation Equipment ......................... 8

38 Instruments and Related Products........... 15

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries ................. 13

 All Manufacturing...................................... 3

7

7

8

30

20

20

4

5

10

16

7

12

4

6 

W 

23 

15

7

13

13

27

7

8 

W 

12 

14

9

5

9

23

3

11 

NA 

14 

41 

W 

40

6

7

22 

Q

8 

21

5 

12 

W 

40 

W 

11 

16 

13 

W 

12 

12

0 

15 

15

9

5

9 

25

4

10

33

23

17

25

22

9

9

10

18

12

13

14

25

5

17

W

13

36

22

5

7

5

11

15

12

13

7

24

17

7

3

11

4

12

8

8

4

4

8

7

2

8

6

3

3

4

4

4

15

3

7

3

4

8

4

5

3

3

9

8

1

Northeast Census Region

17 

NA 

23 

22

Q 

30 

17 

17

Q 

22 

21 

30 

19 

45 

W 

38 

W 

20 

31 

16 

10 

18

7 

W 

17 

20 

17 

10 

28 

20 

12

8

NA 

11 

35 

28 

23 

13 

10 

18 

15

8

12

9

3

W

13

14

9

16

7

48

5

6 

W

9 

10

8

8 

15 

14

3

22

15

12

29

15

17

6

7

10

27

7

11

6 

11 

W

7

7 

15 

34 

15 

12 

11

7

24 

14 

13 

11 

16

Q 

30

5

24 

NA

25 

W

Q 

47

9 

10 

32

Q 

W 

22 

W 

W 

W 

W 

W 

25 

45 

21 

18 

25 

12 

W 

37 

27 

18 

39 

33 

14

Q

5

8

7

21

W

15

5

4

9

W

3

15

5

4

0

9

9

7

30 

5

4

5

6

13

6

5

4

4

W

20

3

16

NA

W

0

0

W

9

9

W

W

7 

W

8

0

0

11

11

0

34

10

8

11 

11 

W 

31 

17 

W 

W 

W 

24 

8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 93
Table B12. Relative Standard Errors for Table 12, Parts 1 and 2, 

of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code" and Industry Electricity Residual Fuel 

Oil

Distillate Fuel 

Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal

Midwest Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ......................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ..............................

22 Textile Mill Products ...................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

24 Lumber and Wood Products .....................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ................................

26 Paper and Allied Products .........................

262 1 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ......

2631 Paperboard Mills .....................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..............................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .................

28 19 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ..............

282 1 Plastics Materials and Resins ...............

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ................

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ...................

2911 Petroleum Refining .................................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

31 Leather and Leather Products ..................

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..............

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ..................................

33 Primary Metal Industries ............................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

3334 Primary Aluminum ..................................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ........................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical .....................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ...........

37 Transportation Equipment .........................

38 Instruments and Related Products ...........

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................

All Manufacturing ......................................

5

NA

NA

15

24

11

6

6

11

12

11

30

6

5

4

6

6

7

48

5

7

5

5

19

6

6

6

3

NA

13

2

13

NA

NA

W

W

16

10

10

31

W

14

W

8

W

0

22

W

10

W

18

17

8

8

0

22

42

32

10

NA

W

6

W

NA

NA

W

41

Q

30

13

19

Q

Q

16

W

7

5

33

0

21

W

21

9

7

8

W

25

14

35

11

NA

45

10

5

NA

NA

17

19

11

9

6

13

11

4

11

6

W

4

8

8

7

16

5

14

4

6

21

6

7

5

3

NA

14

2

46

NA

NA

Q

36

17

16

6

14

Q

W

13

W

W

8

11

11

14

47

17

14

17

8

W

21

17

19

19

NA

25

16

6

NA

NA

W

W

W

10

7

15

W

4

21

W

6

0

W

W

9

39

10

8

7

8

W

6

5

5

4

NA

W

5

South Census Region

20 Food and Kindred Products ......................

21 Tobacco Manufactures ..............................

22 Textile Mill Products ...................................

23 Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

24 Lumber and Wood Products .....................

25 Furniture and Fixtures ................................

26 Paper and Allied Products .........................

262 1 Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ......

2631 Paperboard Mills .....................................

27 Printing and Publishing ..............................

28 Chemicals and Allied Products .................

2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ..............

2S21 Plastics Materials and Resins ...............

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals ................

2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........................

29 Petroleum and Coal Products ...................

291 1 Petroleum Refining .................................

30 Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

31 Leather and Leather Products ..................

32 Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..............

3241 Cement, Hydraulic ..................................

33 Primary Metal Industries ............................

3312 Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

3334 Primary Aluminum ..................................

34 Fabricated Metal Products ........................

35 Machinery, Except Electrical .....................

36 Electric and Electronic Equipment ...........

37 Transportation Equipment .........................

38 Instruments and Related Products ...........

39 Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................

All Manufacturing ......................................

7

6

4

10

11

11

5

6

g

13

5

19

4

2

6

5

5

7

15

6

6

6

6

12

9

8

7

7

NA

13

2

17

7

8

47

31

25

7

11

13

W

10

15

10

7

0

48

W

8

W

17

14

W

W

0

14

18

27

13

NA

Q

6

18

34

35

28

26

34

9

12

10

36

5

14

23

5

7

W

W

21

Q

37

12

11

7

17

W

24

16

12

NA

39

12

5

11

4

14

12

14

6

6

11

14

2

11

7

4

4

6

6

5

39

5

13

5

7

12

8

8

6

5

NA

13

2

18

15

14

29

27

23

14

10

12

23

3

16

7

4

W

10

10

13

Q

26

30

11

W

17

24

21

22

20

NA

Q

3

12

8

7

W

0

18

6

7

12

0

4

20

7

5

0

W

W

12

W

7

7

10

10

19

10

W

W

10

NA

0

3

See footnotes at end of table.

94 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table B12. Relative Standard Errors for Table 12, Parts 1 and 2, 

of Detailed Statistics Section (Continued)

(Percent)

SIC Industry Groups 

Code* and Industry Electricity Residual Fuel 

Oil

Distillate Fuel 

Oil Natural Gas LPG Coal

West Census Region

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Food and Kindred Products ......................

Tobacco Manufactures ..............................

Textile Mill Products ...................................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .....................

Furniture and Fixtures ................................

Paper and Allied Products .........................

Paper Mills, Except Building Paper ......

Paperboard Mills .....................................

Printing and Publishing ..............................

Chemicals and Allied Products .................

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ..............

Plastics Materials and Resins ...............

Industrial Organic Chemicals ................

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........................

Petroleum and Coal Products ...................

Petroleum Refining .................................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ..................

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..............

Cement, Hydraulic ..................................

Primary Metal Industries ............................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminum ..................................

Fabricated Metal Products ........................

Machinery, Except Electrical .....................

Electric and Electronic Equipment ...........

Transportation Equipment .........................

Instruments and Related Products ...........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................

All Manufacturing .....................................

8

0

26

36

12

NA

7

8

19

18

16

17

8

5

37

6

6

28

16

5

6

9

26

11

12

12

10

/

22

24

3

11

0

0

0

32

NA

9

13

20

0

27

30

0

W

0

32

15

42

0

25

W

W

W

W

0

0

0

W

W

0

6

20

0

W

0

20

NA

13

11

26

Q

41

34

12

W

W

48

W

41

W

23

6

15

W

15

16

W

49

27

Q

W

10

6

0

22

42

14

NA

8

9

18

18

8

14

13

8

6

8

8

17

22

7

7

10

18

12

13

15

8

6

19

25

3

27

0

38

W

20

NA

12

12

14

49

9

17

11

12

W

13

13

Q

W

29

13

16

19

13

21

47

35

12

Q

48

10

14

0

0

0

0

NA

W

W

W

0

27

27

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

6

6

16

W

19

0

0

0

0

0

0

7

a See Appendices A and D for description of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q = Relative standard error greater than or equal to 50 percent. 

NA=Not available. Data are included in higher level totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 Manufactur 

ing Energy Consumption Survey."

Table B13. Relative Standard Errors for Table 13 of Detailed Statistics 

Section

(Percent)

Establishment Characteristics' Electricity Residual Fuel Oil

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars) 

Under 20 ............................................................ 3 7

20-49 .................................................................. 3 9

50-99 .................................................................. 3 5

100-249 .............................................................. 2 5

250-499 .............................................................. 4 5

All Manufacturing............................................. 2 3

Employment Size 

Under 50 ............................................................ 5 17

50-99 .................................................................. 5 17

100-249 ............................................................. 3 8

250-499 .............................................................. 2 5

500-999 .............................................................. 2 5

All Manufacturing .............................................. 2 3

Distillate Fuel Oil Natural Gas LPG ! Coal

10 3 Q 9

18 

7274

2 46 6

15 

6254

5346

3 6 5

7153

16 5 Q 23

13 

8255

4 9 15

12 

5265

2 6 4

17 

7153

2 4 4

• Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size data were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A. 

Q=Relative standard error greater than or equal to 50 percent.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F),"1985 Manufacturing 

Energy Consumption Survey."

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 95
Table B14. Relative Standard Errors for Table 14 of Detailed Statistics 

Section

(Percent)

SIC 

Code8

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2621

2631

27

28

2819

2821

2869

2873

29

2911

30

31

32

3241

33

3312

3334

34

35

36

37

38

39

Industry Group 

and Industry

Food and Kindred Products ......................

Tobacco Manufactures ..............................

Textile Mill Products ...................................

Apparel and Other Textile Products ........

Lumber and Wood Products .....................

Furniture and Fixtures ................................

Paper and Allied Products .........................

Paper Mills, Except Building Power .....

Paperboard Mills .....................................

Printing and Publishing ..............................

Chemicals and Allied Products .................

Industrial Inorganic Chemicals ..............

Plastics Materials and Resins ...............

Industrial Organic Chemicals ................

Nitrogenous Fertilizers ...........................

Petroleum and Coal Products ...................

Petroleum Refining .................................

Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products ........

Leather and Leather Products ..................

Stone, Clay and Glass Products ..............

Cement, Hydraulic ..................................

Primary Metal Industries ............................

Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills ............

Primary Aluminum ..................................

Fabricated Metal Products ........................

Machinery, Except Electrical .....................

Electric and Electronic Equipment ...........

Transportation Equipment .........................

Instruments and Related Products ...........

Misc. Manufacturing Industries .................

Total .............................................................

Residual Fuel Oil

11

8

4

23

27

32

5

5

11

35

4

11

4

5

7

16

8

6

10

12

9

5

5

W

11

16

5

4

11

14

3

Distillate Fuel Oil

11

13

8

23

25

16

8

8

19

26

8

13

36

6

38

Q

16

9

44

10

9

7

5

18

13

11

5

6

19

19

15

LPG

14

10

7

35

19

20

10

6

16

18

W

13

W

W

6

W

W

13

24

7

15

8

11

13

12

16

9

8

29

15

6

a See Appendices A and D for descriptions of the Standard Industrial Classification system.

W-Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q = Relative standard error greater than or equal to 50 percent.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey."

Table B15. Relative Standard Errors for Table 15 of Detailed Statistics 

Section

(Percent)

Establishment Characteristics8 Residual Fuel Oil

Value of Shipments and Receipts 

(million dollars) 

Under 20 .................................................................. 11

20-49......................................................................... 8

50-99......................................................................... 5

100-249 .................................................................... 6

250-499 .................................................................... 4

Total ............................................................................ 3

Employment Size 

Under 50 .................................................................. 28

50-99......................................................................... 13

100-249 .................................................................... 7

250-499 .................................................................... 5

500-999 .................................................................... 5

1,000 and Over ....................................................... 3

Total ............................................................................ 3

Distillate Fuel Oil LPG

9 22

6 7

Q 7

5 4

4 12

5 7

15 6

15 Q

Q 14

8 8

4 W

7 18

3 W

15 6

a Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size data were supplied by the Bureau of the Census. See Appendix A. 

W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments. Data are included in higher level totals. 

Q- Relative standard error greater than or equal to 50 percent.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy End Use Division, Form EIA-846(F), "1985 

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey."

96 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Table B16. Estimates of 1985 Consumption of Major Types of Energy in the 

Industrial Sector

Type of Energy

Electricity

Natural Gas

Quadrillion Btu ....................................................

MEGS"

636 

2.173

5,012 

5.172

Monthly Energy 

Review"

2.813 

7.080

Data Source

Electric Power Natur 

Annual6 Ann

Jl Gas Quarterly Coal 

jalc Report"

825 

5,901

Coal

Thousand Short Tons . 

Quadrillion Btu .............

Petroleum Products8 

Quadrillion Btu ......

98,981

2.375

1,565

116,428

2.757

7.702

» Estimates from the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MEGS) cover the manufacturing industries (SIC 20-39).

b Estimates cover the manufacturing industries, plus agriculture, mining, and construction (SIC 01-39).

c Estimates cover the manufacturing industries, plus the mining and construction industries (SIC 10-39). Lease and plant fuel at natural gas extraction 

sites, which would ordinarily be considered a mining consumption, is shown separately in the Natural Gas Annual because of its subject-matter interest, and 

is included here.

d Estimates cover agriculture, mining, and construction as well as the manufacturing industries, including coal gasification plants and electric generation 

facilities located apart from other manufacturing activity. These additional sites are not included in the manufacturing sector as defined for the MECS.

e Oil products included in the MECS estimate are residual fuel oil, distillate fuel oil, and LPG. All pertroleum products are included in the Monthly En 

ergy Review value.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 97
Appendix C

Energy 

Consumption 

Survey Form
Appendix C

Energy Consumption Survey Form

OMBNo. T905-01fl9; Approya, Expires March 31, 1989

FORM EIA-846IF)

IS- 5-9*1 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

ff [•Vl 3 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY E 

H. U/U S ENERGY INFOAMATION ADMINISTRATION V

1985 MANUFACTURIN 

ENERGY CONSUMPTIG 

SURVEY

NOTICE - Response to this inquiry Is required by lew (Federal Energy Administration Act of 1 974, as amended. P.L. 93-275). By Section 9 of Title 13, U.S. Code, your report to the Cenaui Bureau is .-laW^S. confidential. It may be seen only by sworn Census Bureau employees end mev be used only for statistical g-SSaaX purposes. The lew also provides thet copies retained in your files are Immune from togas' preceee. ijmm m*"

G

IN

^^^^m^^^^^^^^k BUREAU OF THE CENSUS •QRSHQyKJgQQyfl^^A 1 201 Ent T»nth StrMt

K^^ra^^^^^^V J«ftaraonvllto, Indiana 47132

i DUE DATE: August 16, 1986

If you cannot file by the due date, a time extension request 

should be sent to the above address; please include your 

1 1 -digit Census File Number (CFN).

6on.Mpond«iii.» p-irteJefUnG to thto import. 

«M rerfw to thta CWIMM Fete Numbw 1CFN)

PLEASE RETURN THIS COPY

Please correct errors in name, address, and ZIP Coda. ENTEP, street and number it not shown

k NOTE - PfMM iwwf th« •ncfoMd Instruction* be/or* filling out thlm form. Compfet* Men ftem. 

f It YOU hmv* mny quMttona, cmll (3011 763- 7066.

Section 1 - COMBUSTIBLE ENERGY SOURCES

Combustible Energy Source

(1)

Residual fuel oil (No.'s Sand 6, navy 

special, bunker C)

Distillate fuel oil (No. 's 1 , 2, and 4 

fuel oils and diesel)

Crude oil and lease condensate

Motor gasoline

LPG (Ethane, ethylene, propane, 

propylene, butane, butylene)

Natural gas

Anthracite

Bituminous and subbituminous coai

Lignite

Coal coke

Breeze

Btast furnace gas

Coke oven gas

Still gas

Petroleum coke

Roundwood (i.e., wood cut 

specifically for use as a fuel)

Wood chips, bark, and wood waste 

(50%moisture basis)

Waste materials (wastepaper, 

packing materials, etc.)

Pulping or black liquor

Waste oils and tars

Biomass

Hydrogen

Other combustible energy sources: 

(List separately/ /

tt

Census 

use 

only

sill (21

216

224

208

232

240

307

406

414

422

430

448

604

612

620

703

802

810

729

737

711

901

638

Units 

Used for 

Reporting

(3)

Barrels

Barrels

Barrels

jallons

Gallons

1.000 

cu. ft.

Short 

tons

Short 

tons

Short 

tons

Short 

tons

Short 

tons

Million 

Btu

Million 

Btu

Million 

Btu

Barrels

Million 

Btu

Million 

Btu

Million 

Btu

Million 

Btu

Million 

Btu

Million 

Btu

Million 

Btu

Million 

Btu

Million 

Stu

Million 

Btu

Million 

Btu

Million 

Btu

Million 

Btu

Million 

Btu

Quantity 

Purchased by and 

Delivered to this 

Establishment n 

1985

seT] (4)

Total Expenditure, 

Including Delivery 

Charges, of the 

Quantity in 

Column 4 

(5)

Mil Thow Dol.

7*71

Total Quantity 

Produced Onsite During 

1985

58*1 (6)

k FOR ESTABLISHMENTS THAT COMPLETE THE MONTHLY REFINERY REPORT, FOH 

W Entev MM ID-Mglt EM ID number tor Mite •umbllthmmnt mi entered on form EM-810 ——————

Quantity Consumed Onsite in 1985:

As a Fuel

sn i7i

For all Nonfuel 

Purposes 

(EIA-810 

Respondents See 

"Special 

Procedures")

"771 lai

Design 

Storage 

Capacity as of 

12/31/85

in (9i

MEIA-810

* Lji!|

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 101
Energy Consumption Survey Form (Continued)

Section II - NON-COMBUSTIBLE ENERGY SOURCES

> Part 1 - ELECTRICITY

la. During 1 985, how much electricity was purchased by this establishment from utilities or other 

companies, and delivered to this establishment site?

b. What was the total expenditure for purchased electricity?

2 . During 1 985, how much electricity was transferred from outside establishments and delivered 

to this establishment? Do not include the purchases recorded in item la.

3 . During 1 985, how much electricity was generated onsite by cogeneration?

4 . During 1 985, how much electricity was generated onsite from solar power, wind power, 

hydropower, and geothermal sources?

5. During 1 985, how much electricity was generated onsite by processes other than those 

covered in items 3 and 4?

6. During 1985, how much electricity was sold to utilities? Include both sales and transfers for credit.

7 . During 1 985, how much electricity was transferred to other establishments? 

Do not include amounts reported in item 6.

t Part 2 -STEAM

la. During 1 985, how much steam was purchased by this establishment from utilities or other 

companies and delivered to this establishment site?

b. What was the total expenditure for this purchased steam?

2 . During 1 985, how much steam was transferred from outside establishments and delivered to 

this establishment? Do not include the purchases recorded in item la.

3. During 1 985, how much steam was gene rated onsite from solar power and geothermal sources?

4 . During 1 985, how much steam was sold or transferred to other establishment?

Ml 1 109

Kilowatt-hours

Mil. Thou. kWh

'•:.U;;':: >.'

Dollars

Mil. Thou. Dot.

-JsJ ^.^

Kilowatt-hour

Mil. Thou. kWh

584 \ ••-:;••- ;\>:;j

665 j •• ; . .=

^ :W:'(

"^ :

5CB J . '

589 |

r^risoB

Million Btu j-U

Dollars

Mil. J Thou. ] Dol.

JJ63 | | _•..-.-

Million Btu

j^j

j^

j^j

Section III — COMMENTS — Please use this space for any explanations that may be essential in understanding your reported data.

Section IV — CERTIFICATION —This report is substantially accurate and has been prepared in accordance with instructions.

Name of person to contact regarding ssa|

this report — Print or type Area co<

Address — Number and street

City

de Number Extension rmnon covvrva bythl*raport-> !

r TO: Mo. j Day j Year

I i i i i i

Signature of authorized person

State ZIP Code Title Date

FORM EIA-84e(F) (6-6-Bfl)

102 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Appendix D

Descriptions of 

Industry Groups 

and Selected 

Industries
Appendix D

Descriptions of Industry Groups and Selected

Industries

This appendix contains descriptions of industrial 

groups and selected industries taken from the 1972 SIC 

Manual.9 That manual was complied by the Office of 

Management and Budget's Statistical Policy Division. 

The 20 major industrial groups and the 10 selected 

industries in this appendix, comprise the 30 strata of 

the MECS. (The manufacturing establishment and the 

SIC system were generally described in Appendix A.)

SIC 23--Apparel

The major group, known as the cutting-up and needle 

trades, includes establishments producing clothing and 

fabricating products by cutting and sewing purchased 

woven or knit textile fabrics and related materials such 

as leather, rubberized fabrics, plastics, and furs.

SIC 20-Food and Kindred Products

This major group includes establishments manufactur 

ing or processing foods and beverages for human con 

sumption, and certain related products, such as manu 

factured ice, chewing gum, vegetable and animal fats 

and oils, and prepared feeds for animals and fowls.

SIC 21--Tobacco Manufactures

This major group includes establishments engaged in 

manufacturing cigarettes, cigars, smoking and chewing 

tobacco, and snuff, and in stemming and redrying to 

bacco.

SIC 22--Textile Mill Products

This major group includes establishments engaged in 

performing any of the following operations: (1) prep 

aration of fiber and subsequent manufacturing of yarn, 

thread, braids, twine, and cordage; (2) manufacturing 

broad woven fabric, narrow woven fabric, knit fabric, 

and carpets and rugs from yarn; (3) dyeing and finishing 

fiber, yarn, fabric, and knit apparel; (4) coating, water 

proofing, or otherwise treating fabric; (5) the integrated 

manufacture of knit apparel and other finished articles 

from yarn; and (6) the manufacture of felt goods, lace 

goods, nonwoven fabrics, and miscellaneous textiles.

SIC 24--Lumber and Wood Products, Except 

Furniture

This major group includes logging camps engaged in 

cutting timber and pulpwood; merchant sawmills, lath 

mills, shingle mills, cooperage stock mills, planing 

mills, and plywood mills and veneer mills engaged in 

producing lumber and wood basic materials; and es 

tablishments engaged in manufacturing finished arti 

cles made entirely or mainly of wood or wood substi 

tutes.

SIC 25--Furniture and Fixtures

This major group includes establishments engaged in 

manufacturing household, office, public building, and 

restaurant furniture; and office and store fixtures.

SIC 26--Paper and Allied Products

This major group includes the manufacture of pulps 

from wood and other cellulose fibers, and from rags; 

the manufacture of paper and paperboard; and the 

manufacture of paper and paperboard into converted 

products such as paper coated off the paper machine, 

paper bags, paper boxes and envelopes.

2621-Paper Mill, Except Building Paper Mills.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufactur 

ing paper from wood pulp and other fibers, and 

which may also manufacture converted paper 

products.

9Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, pp. 59-211.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 105
2631-Paperboard Mills. Establishments prima 

rily engaged in manufacturing paperboard, in 

cluding paperboard coated on the paperboard 

machine, from wood pulp and other fibers; and 

which may also manufacture converted 

paperboard products.

SIC 27-Printing and Publishing, and Allied 

Industries

This major group includes establishments engaged in 

printing by one or more of the common processes, 

such as letterpress, lithography, gravure, or screen; 

and those establishments which perform services for 

the printing trade, such as bookbinding, typesetting, 

engraving, photoengraving, and electrotyping. This 

major group also includes establishments engaged in 

publishing newspapers, books, and periodicals, regard 

less of whether or not they do their own printing.

SIC 28-Chemicals and Allied Products

This major group includes establishments producing 

basic chemicals, and establishments manufacturing 

products by predominantly chemical processes. Estab 

lishments classified in this major group manufacture 

three general classes of products: (1) basic chemicals 

such as acids, alkalies, salts, and organic chemicals; (2) 

chemical products to be used in further manufacture 

such as synthetic fibers, plastics materials, dry colors, 

and pigments; (3) finished chemical products to be 

used for ultimate consumption such as drugs, cosmetics, 

and soaps; or to be used as materials or supplies in 

other industries such as paints, fertilizers, and explo 

sives.

2819-Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, Not Else 

where Classified. Establishments primarily en 

gaged in manufacturing industrial inorganic 

chemicals, not elsewhere classified. Important 

products of this industry include inorganic salts 

of sodium (excluding refined sodium chloride), 

potassium, aluminum, calcium, chromium, mag 

nesium, mercury, nickel, silver, tin; inorganic 

compounds such as alums, calcium carbide, hy 

drogen peroxide, sodium silicate, ammonia com 

pounds (except fertilizers), rare earth metal salts 

and elemental bromine, fluorine, iodine, phos 

phorus, and alkali metals (sodium, potassium, lith 

ium, etc.).

2821-Plastics, Synthetic Resins, and 

Nonvulcanizable Elastomers. Establishments pri 

marily engaged in manufacturing synthetic res 

ins, plastics materials and nonvulcanizable 

elastomers. Important products of this industry 

include: cellulose plastic materials; phenolic and 

other tar acid resins; urea and melamine resins; 

vinyl resins; styrene resins; alkyd resins; acrylic 

resins; polyethylene resins; polypropylene resins;

rosin modified resins; coumarone-indene and pe 

troleum polymer resins; and miscellaneous resins 

including polyamide resins, silicones, 

polyisobutylenes, polyesters, polycarbonate res 

ins, acetal resins, fluorohydrocarbon resins; and 

casein plastics.

2869-Industrial Organic Chemicals, Not Else 

where Classified. Establishments primarily en 

gaged in manufacturing industrial organic chem 

icals, not elsewhere classified. Important prod 

ucts of this industry include: noncyclic organic 

chemicals; solvents; polyhydric alcohols; syn 

thetic perfume and flavoring materials; rubber 

processing chemicals; plasticizers; synthetic tan 

ning agents; chemical warfare gases; and esters, 

amines, etc., of polyhydric alcohols and fatty and 

other acids.

2873-Nitrogenous Fertilizers. Establishments 

primarily engaged in manufacturing nitrogenous 

fertilizer materials or mixed fertilizers from ni 

trogenous materials produced in the same estab 

lishment.

SIC 29~Petroleum Refining and Related Industries

This major group includes establishments primarily 

engaged in petroleum refining, manufacturing paving 

and roofing materials, and compounding lubricating 

oils and greases from purchased materials.

2911-Petroleum Refining. Establishments prima 

rily engaged in manufacturing industrial distillate 

fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants, and other 

products from crude petroleum and its fractionation products, through straight distillation of 

crude oil, redistillation of unfinished petroleum 

derivatives, cracking or other processes.

SIC 30--Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics Products

This major group includes establishments manufactur 

ing rubber products such as tires, rubber footwear, 

mechanical rubber goods, heels and soles, flooring, 

and rubber sundries.

SIC 31-Leather and Leather Products

This major group includes establishments engaged in 

tanning, currying, and finishing hides and skins, and 

establishments manufacturing finished leather and ar 

tificial leather products and some similar products 

made of other materials. Leather converters are also 

included.

106 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
SIC 32--Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete Products SIC 35--Machinery, Except Electrical

This major group includes establishments engaged in 

manufacturing flat glass and other glass products, ce 

ment, structural clay products, pottery, concrete and 

gypsum products, cut stone, abrasive and asbestos 

products, etc., from materials taken principally from 

the earth in the form of stone, clay, and sand.

3241-Cement, Hydraulic. Establishments prima 

rily engaged in manufacturing hydraulic cement, 

including portland, natural, masonry, and 

pozzolan cements.

SIC 33--Primary Metal Industries

This major group includes establishments engaged in 

the smelting and refining of ferrous and nonferrous 

metals from ore, pig, or scrap; in the rolling, drawing, 

and alloying of ferrous and nonferrous metals; in the 

manufacture of castings and other basic products of 

ferrous and nonferrous metals; and in the manufacture 

of nails, spikes, and insulated wire and cable. This ma 

jor group also includes the production of coke.

3312-Blast Furnace (Including Coke Ovens), Steel 

Works, and Rolling Mills. Establishments prima 

rily engaged in manufacturing hot metal, pig 

iron, silvery pig iron, and ferroalloys from iron 

ore and iron and steel scrap; converting pig iron, 

scrap iron and scrap steel into steel; and in hot 

rolling iron and steel into basic shapes such as 

plates, sheets, strips, rods, bars, and tubing.

3334--Primary Production of Aluminum. Estab 

lishments primarily engaged in producing 

aluminun from alumina, and in refining aluminum 

by any process.

SIC 34--Fabricated Metal Products, Except 

Machinery and Transportation Equipment

This major group includes establishments engaged in 

fabricating ferrous and nonferrous metal products such 

as metal cans, tinware, hand tools, cutlery, general 

hardware, nonelectric heating apparatus, fabricated 

structural metal products, metal forgings, metal 

stampings, ordnance (except vehicles and guided mis 

siles), and a variety of metal and wire products not 

elsewhere classified.

This major group includes establishments manufactur 

ing machinery and equipment, other than electrical 

equipment and transportation equipment.

SIC 36--Electrical and Electronic Machinery, 

Equipment, and Supplies

This major group includes establishments manufactur 

ing machinery, apparatus, and supplies for the gener 

ation, storage, transmission, transformation, and utili 

zation of electrical energy. The manufacture of house 

hold appliances is included in this group, but industrial 

machinery and equipment powered by built-in or de 

tachable electric motors are classified in Major Group 

35.

SIC 37--Transportation Equipment

This major group includes establishments engaged in 

manufacturing equipment for transportation of passen 

gers and cargo by land, air, and water. Important prod 

ucts produced by establishments classified in this major 

group include motor vehicles, aircraft, guided missiles 

and space vehicles, ships, boats, railroad equipment, 

and miscellaneous transportation equipment such as 

motorcycles, bicycles, and snowmobiles.

SIC SB-Instruments and Related Products

This major group includes establishments engaged in 

manufacturing instruments (including professional and 

scientific) for measuring, testing, analyzing, and con 

trolling, and their associated sensors and accessories; 

optical instruments and lenses; surveying and drafting 

instruments; surgical, medical, and dental instruments, 

equipment, and supplies; ophthalmic goods; photo 

graphic equipment and supplies; and watches and 

clocks.

SIC 39--MisceIIaneous Manufacturing Industries

This major group includes establishments primarily 

engaged in manufacturing products not classified in 

any other manufacturing major group. Industries in 

this group fall into the following categories: jewelry, 

silverware and plated ware; musical instruments; toys, 

sporting and athletic goods; pens, pencils, and other 

office and artists' materials; buttons, costume novelties, 

miscellaneous notions; brooms and brushes; caskets; 

and other miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 107
Appendix E

Map of U.S. 

Census Regions
Appendix E

Map of U.S. Census Regions

WEST MIDWEST NORTHEAST

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 111
Appendix F

Related

Publications on 

Energy 

Consumption
Appendix F

Related Publications on Energy Consumption

See inside front cover for information concerning cop 

ies of these publications.

Industrial Sector

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Methodo 

logical Report, 1985; 1988.

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Fuel 

Switching Capability, 1985; 1988.

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: 

Characteristics of Commercial Buildings, 1983; A Sup 

plemental Reference, DOE/EIA-M008. Available 

from the National Technical Information Service 

(NTIS), Order Number DE-85015581.

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: 

Fuel Characteristics and Conservation Practices; June 

1981, DOE/EIA-0278, GPO Stock No. 061-003- 

00200-5.

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: 

Building Characteristics; March 1981, DOE/EIA-0246, 

GPO Stock No. 061-003-00171-8.

"Manufacturing Sector Energy Consumption, 1985 

Provisional Estimates," Monthly Energy Review, Janu 

ary 1987, DOE/EIA-0035(87/01), pp. vii-x. Consumption and Expenditures

Report on the 1980 Manufacturing Industries' Energy 

Consumption Study and Survey of Large Combustors; 

February 1983, DOE/EIA-0358, GPO Stock No. 

061-003-00293-5.

Industrial Energy Consumption, "Survey of Large Com 

bustors: Report on Alternate Fuel-Burning Capabilities 

of Large Boilers in 1979" ; February 1982, DOE/ 

EIA-0304, GPO Stock No. 061-003-0233-1.

Methodological Report of the 1980 Manufacturing Indus 

tries Survey of Large Combustors (EIA-463); March 

1982, DOE/EIA-0306 (no GPO Stock No.).

Nonresidential Building Energy Consumption Survey: 

Commercial Buildings Consumption and Expenditures, 

1983; September 1986, DOE/EIA-0318(83), GPO 

Stock No. 061-003-00496-2.

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: 

1979 Consumption and Expenditures, Part 1: Natural 

Gas and Electricity; March 1983, DOE/EIA-0318/i, 

GPO Stock No. 061-003-00298-6.

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: 

1979 Consumption and Expenditures, Part 2: Steam, 

Coal, Fuel Oil, LPG, and Total Fuels; December 1983, 

DOE/EIA-0318(79)/2, GPO Stock No. 061- 

003-00366-4.

Commercial Sector

Characteristics of Buildings

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: 

Characteristics of Commercial Buildings, 1983; July 

1985, DOE/EIA-0246(83), GPO Stock No. 061-003- 

00439-3.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 115
Residential Sector

Housing Characteristics

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing Char 

acteristics 1984; September 1986, DOE/EIA-0314(84), 

GPO Stock No. 061-003-00499-7.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing Char 

acteristics, 1982; August 1984, DOE/EIA-0314(82), 

GPO Stock No. 061-003-00393-1.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing Char 

acteristics, 1981; August 1983, DOE/EIA-0314(81), 

GPO Stock No. 061-003-00330-3.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing Char 

acteristics, 1980; June 1982, DOE/EIA-0314, GPO 

Stock No. 061-003-00256-1.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Characteristics 

of the Housing Stock and Households, 1978; February 

1980, DOE/EIA-0207/2, GPO Stock No. 061- 

003-00093-2.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Conservation; 

February 1980, DOE/EIA-0207/3, GPO Stock No. 

061-003-00087-8.

Preliminary Conservation Tables from the National In 

terim Energy Consumption Survey; August 1979, DOE/ 

EIA-0193/P (no GPO Stock No.).

Characteristics of the Housing Stock and Households: 

Preliminary Findings from the National Interim Energy 

Consumption Survey; October 1979, DOE/EIA0199/P (no GPO Stock No.).

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption 

and Expenditures, April 1982 Through March 1983, 

Part 2: Regional Data; December 1984, DOE/EIA0321/2(82), GPO Stock No. 061-003-00414-8.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption 

and Expenditures, April 1981 Through March 1982, 

Part 1: National Data; September 1983, DOE/EIA0321/1(81), GPO Stock No. 061-003-00340-1.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption 

and Expenditures, April 1981 Through March 1982, 

Part 2: Regional Data; October 1983, DOE/EIA0321/2(81), GPO Stock No. 061-003-00357-5.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption 

and Expenditures, April 1980 Through March 1981, 

Part 1: National Data; September 1982, DOE/EIA0321/1(80), GPO Stock No. 061-003-00278-1.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption 

and Expenditures, April 1980 Through March 1981, Part 

2: Regional Data ; June 1983, DOE/EIA-0321/2(80), 

GPO Stock No. 061-003-00319-2.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: 1979-1980 Con 

sumption and Expenditures, Part 1: National Data (In 

cluding Conservation); April 1981, DOE/EIA-0262/1, 

GPO Stock No. 061-003-00191-2.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: 1979-1980 Con 

sumption and Expenditures, Part 2: Regional Data; May 

1981, DOE/EIA-0262/2, GPO Stock No. 061- 

003-00189-1.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption 

and Expenditures, April 1978 Through March 1979; July 

1980, DOE/EIA-0207/5, GPO Stock No. 061- 

003-00131-9.

Consumption and Expenditures

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption 

and Expenditures, April 1984 through March 1985 Part 

1: National Data; March 1987, DOE/EIA-0321(84), 

GPO Stock No. 061-003-00519-5.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption 

and Expenditures, April 1984 through March 1985 Part 

2: Regional Data; May 1987, DOE/EIA-0321/2(84), 

GPO Stock No. 061-003-00528-4.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption 

and Expenditures, April 1982 Through March 1983, 

Part 1: National Data; November 1984, DOE/EIA0321/1(82), GPO Stock No. 061-003-00411-3.

Single-Family Households: Fuel Oil Inventories and Ex 

penditures: National Interim Energy Consumption Sur 

vey; December 1979, DOE/EIA-0207/1, GPO Stock 

No. 061-003-00075-4.

Other Publications on the 

Residential Sector

"End-Use Consumption of Residential Energy," 

Monthly Energy Review, July 1987, DOE/EIA0035(87/07), pp. vii-xiv.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Trends in Con 

sumption and Expenditures, 1978-1984; June 1987, 

DOE/EIA-0482, GPO Stock No. 061-003-0053-7.

116 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Residential Conservation Measures; July 1986, SR/ 

EEUD/86/01 (no GPO Stock No.).

An Economic Evaluation of Energy Conservation and 

Renewable Energy Tax Credits; October 1985, Service 

Report (no GPO Stock No.).

Residential Energy Consumption and Expenditures by 

End Use for 1978, 1980, and 1981; December 1984, 

DOE/EIA-0458, GPO Stock No. 061-003-00415-6.

Weatherization Program Evaluation, SR-EEUD-84-1; 

August 1984 (available from the Office of the Assistant 

Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, 

Department of Energy).

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Regression 

Analysis of Energy Consumption by End Use; October 

1983, DOE/EIA-0431, GPO Stock No. 061-003- 

00347-8.

National Interim Energy Consumption Survey: Exploring 

the Variability In Energy Consumption; July 1981, 

DOE/EIA-0272, GPO Stock No. 061-003-00205-6.

National Interim Energy Consumption Survey: Exploring 

the Variability in Energy Consumption--A Supplement; 

October 1981, DOE/EIA-0272/S, GPO Stock No. 

061-003-00217-0.

Energy Use by U.S. Households; November 1980, DOE/ 

EIA-0248 (brochure, no GPO Stock No.).

uary 1985, DOE/EIA/0464(83), GPO Stock No. 

061-003-00420-2.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption 

Patterns of Household Vehicles, Supplement: January 

1981 to September 1981; February 1983, DOE/ 

EIA-0328, GPO Stock No. 061-003-00297-8.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption 

Patterns of Household Vehicles, June 1979 to December 

1980; April 1982, DOE/EIA-0319 (no GPO Stock 

No.).

Cross-Sector

Natural Gas: Use and Expenditures; April 1983, DOE/ 

EIA-0382, GPO Stock No. 061-003-00307-9.

Planned Publications for 1989

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Energy 

Efficiency In Manufacturing, 1985.

Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: 

Commercial Buildings Consumption and Expenditures, 

1986.

Residential Transportation 

Sector

Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey: 

Consumption Patterns of Household Vehicles 1985; April 

1987, DOE/EIA-0464(85), GPO Stock No. 061- 

003-00521-7.

Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey: 

Consumption Patterns of Household Vehicles, 1983; JanResidential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing Char 

acteristics, 1987.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption 

and Expenditures, January 1987 Through December 

1987, Part 1: National Data.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption 

and Expenditures, January 1987 Through December 

1987, Part 2: Regional Data.

Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey: 

Consumption Patterns of Household Vehicles, 1988.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 117
Glossary

Anthracite: A hard, black, lustrous coal containing a 

high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage 

of volatile matter. It is often referred to as hard coal. 

For purposes of the Manufacturing Energy Consump 

tion Survey (MECS), anthracite contains approxi 

mately 23.031 million Btu per short ton.

Barrel: A volumetric unit of measure equivalent to 

42 U.S. gallons.

Biomass: Organic (animal waste), nonfossil plant ma 

terial constituting an exploitable energy resource.

Butane ( C^HIQ): A normally gaseous, paraffinic hy 

drocarbon extracted from natural gas or refinery gas 

streams. It includes isobutane (a branch-chain config 

uration) and normal butane (a straight-chain configu 

ration). It is used primarily for blending into highoctane gasoline, for residential and commercial heat 

ing, and for industrial uses, especially the manufacture 

of chemicals and synthetic rubber.

Butylene ( QAg): A normally gaseous, olefinic hy 

drocarbon recovered from the refinery processes, and 

converted to alkylate, a high-octane gasoline blending 

component.

Bituminous Coal: A soft coal (the most common solid 

fossil fuel), is high in carbonaceous matter, with a 

volatility greater than anthracite and a calorific value 

greater than lignite. For purposes of the MECS, 

bituminous coal used as a fuel contains approximately 

22.012 million Btu per short ton; bituminous coal used 

for coking, contains approximately 26.8 million Btu 

per short ton.

Blast Furnace: A shaft furnace in which solid fuel is 

burned with an air blast to smelt ore in a continuous 

operation.

Blast Furnace Gas: Waste combustible gas generated 

in a blast furnace when iron ore is being reduced with 

coke to metallic iron. It is commonly used as a fuel 

within the steel works.

Breeze: The residue from the fine screenings of 

crushed coke.

British Thermal Unit (Btu): The amount of energy 

required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 

1 degree Fahrenheit at or near 39.2 F.

Byproduct: A secondary or additional product result 

ing from the feedstock use of energy or processing of 

nonenergy materials. For example, the more common 

byproducts of coke ovens are coal gas, tar, and a 

mixture of benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX).

Census Region: A geographic area defined by the 

Bureau of Census, consisting of various States selected 

according to population size and physical location. 

The States are grouped into four regions:

1. Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New 

Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, 

Rhode Island, and Vermont

2. South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, the District 

of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisi 

ana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Okla 

homa, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, 

and West Virginia

3. Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, 

Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, 

Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin

4. West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Ha 

waii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Ore 

gon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 119
Coal Coke: The strong, porous residue, consisting of 

carbon and mineral ash, that is formed when the vol 

atile constituents of bituminous coal are driven off by 

heat in the absence of or with a limited supply of air. 

Coal Coke is used primarily in blast furnaces.

Cogeneration: The production of electrical energy 

and another form of useful energy (such as heat or 

steam) through the sequential use of energy.

Cubic Foot: The amount of gas contained in a cube 

with an edge that is 1-foot long.

Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for light 

fuel oils distilled during the refining process. Includes 

products known as Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils; and Nos. 

1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels. It is used primarily for space 

heating, on-and-off-highway engine fuel, and electric 

power generation.

Coke Oven Gas: The mixture of permanent gases 

produced by the carbonization of coal in a coke oven 

at temperatures in excess of 1000 °C.

Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured in 

the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the 

conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic en 

ergy).

Company (Firm): As used in the MECS, a company 

is an economic entity consisting of one or more phys 

ical locations, at least one of which is involved in 

manufacturing. If the company consists of a single 

physical location, the term is synonymous with man 

ufacturing establishment. (See Manufacturing Estab 

lishment.)

Consumption: The use of energy as a source of heat 

or power, or as an input in the manufacturing process.

Conversion Factor: A number which translates units 

of one system into corresponding values of another 

system. Conversion factors are used to translate phys 

ical units of measures for various fuels into Btu equiv 

alents.

Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in 

a liquid state in natural underground reservoirs and 

remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing 

through surface separating facilities. Crude oil includes 

liquids technically defined as crude oil and small 

amounts of nonhydrocarbons produced with the oil, 

as well as small amounts of hydrocarbons that exist 

in the gaseous phase in natural underground reservoirs, 

but are liquid at atmospheric pressure after being re 

covered from oil well (casinghead) gas in lease sepa 

rators. Crude oil is reported as liquid equivalents at 

the surface (excluding basic sediment and water), mea 

sured in terms of stock tank barrels of 42 U.S. gallons 

at atmospheric pressure, and corrected to 60 F.

Establishment: As defined by the 1972 Standard In 

dustrial Classification Manual, ". . . an economic unit, 

generally at a single physical location where business 

is conducted or where services or industrial operations 

are performed."

Ethane ( C2//e): A colorless, odorless, gaseous hydro 

carbon extracted from natural gas or refinery gas 

streams. Ethane is used primarily as petrochemical 

feedstock for production of chemicals and plastic ma 

terials.

Ethylene ( C^H^: A colorless, flammable, gaseous, 

olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from natural gas and 

petroleum. Ethylene is used primarily as a petrochem 

ical feedstock for numerous chemical applications and 

the production of consumer goods.

Expenditures: Funds spent for energy purchased and 

paid for, or delivered to a manufacturer during the 

365-day period of calendar year 1985. For purposes 

of the MECS, the expenditure dollar amount includes 

State and local taxes and delivery charges.

Fossil Fuel: Any naturally occurring organic fuel, 

such as coal, crude oil, and natural gas.

Fuel: Any substance that can be burned to produce 

heat.

120 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Fuel Use (of Energy): Use of energy in the production 

of heat, steam, power, or the generation of electricity.

Generation: The process of producing steam or elec 

trical energy by transforming other forms of energy.

Geothermal Energy: Hot water or steam, extracted 

from reservoirs in the earth's crust, which is generally 

supplied to steam turbines that drive generators to 

produce electricity.

Hydroelectric Power: Electricity generated by a tur 

bine driven by falling water.

ter content. It is also referred to as brown coal. For 

purposes of MECS, lignite contains approximately 

22.012 million Btu per short ton.

Manufacturing Establishment: An economic unit at a 

single physical location where the mechanical or 

chemical transformation of materials or substances 

into new products is performed. These operations are 

generally conducted in facilities described as plants, 

factories, or mills and characteristically use powerdriven machines and material-handling equipment. In 

addition, the assembly of components of manufactured 

products is considered manufacturing, as is the blend 

ing of materials such as lubricating oil, plastics, resins, 

or liquors.

Hydrogen: A colorless, odorless, highly flammable, 

gaseous element; the lightest of all gases and the most 

abundant element in the universe.

Manufacturing Sector: The universe of manufacturing 

establishments within the 50 States and the District 

of Columbia. (See Standard Industrial Classification.)

Kilowatthour (kWh): A unit of work or energy, mea 

sured as 1,000 watts (1 kilowatt) of power expended 

for 1 hour. Once generated, 1 kWh is equivalent to 

3,412 Btu.

Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): Ethane, ethylene, 

propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethanepropane mixtures, propane-butane mixtures, and 

isobutane produced at refineries or natural gas pro 

cessing plants, including plants that fractionate raw 

natural gas plant liquids.

Megawatthours (MWh): A unit of work of energy, 

measured as 1 million watts (1 megawatt) of power 

expended for 1 hour.

Motor Gasoline: A complex mixture of relatively vol 

atile hydrocarbons, with or without small quantities 

of additives, obtained by blending appropriate refinery 

streams to form a fuel suitable for use in spark-ignition 

engines. Motor gasoline includes both leaded and un 

leaded grades of finished motor gasoline, blending 

components, and gasohol.

Lease Condensate: A natural gas liquid recovered 

from gas well gas (associated and nonassociated) in 

lease separators or field facilities. Lease condensate 

consists primarily of pentanes and heavier hydrocar 

bons. Volumes are reported in terms of barrels of 42 

U.S. gallons, at atmospheric pressure, and corrected 

to 60 F.

Lease Separator: A facility located at the surface for 

the purpose of (1) separating casinghead gas from pro 

duced crude oil and water at the temperature and 

pressure conditions of the separator; and (2) separating 

gas from that portion of associated gas and nonassociated gas which liquefies at temperature and pres 

sure conditions of the separator.

Lignite: A brownish-black coal of low rank with a 

high percentage of inherent moisture and volatile matNatural Gas: A mixture of hydrocarbon compounds 

and small quantities of various nonhydrocarbons ex 

isting in the gaseous phase or in solution with oil in 

natural underground reservoirs at reservoir conditions. 

Natural gas may be subclassified as:

1. Associated.Gas: Free natural gas, commonly known 

as gas-cap gas, which overlies and is in contact 

with crude oil in the reservoir.

2. Dissolved Gas: Natural gas which is in solution 

with crude oil in the reservoir at reservoir condi 

tions.

3. Nonassociated Gas: Free natural gas not in contact 

with crude oil in the reservoir.

All natural gas volumes are reported in cubic feet at a 

pressure base of 14.73 psia, at 60 F. For the purposes 

of the MECS, natural gas contains 1,032 Btu per cubic 

foot.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 121
Nonfuel Use (of Energy): Use of energy as feedstock 

(for example, coal used to produce coke, crude oil 

used to produce petroleum products), raw materials, 

additives, or ingredients for products manufactured, 

or for any other purpose besides fuel use.

Petroleum Coke: A solid residue, high in carbon con 

tent and low in hydrogen, which is the final product 

of thermal decomposition in the condensation process 

in cracking crude oil. Petroleum coke can yield almost 

pure carbon or artificial graphite suitable for produc 

tion of carbon or graphite electrodes, structural graph 

ite, motor brushes, dry cells, and similar products. 

For the purposes of the MECS, petroleum coke con 

tains approximately 6.024 million Btu per barrel.

Petrochemical Feedstock: Chemical feedstocks de 

rived from petroleum, and used principally for the 

manufacture of chemicals, synthetic rubber, and a va 

riety of plastics.

and diesel range middle distillates, atmospheric gas 

oil, and atmospheric residual.

Relative Standard Error (RSE): A measure of the 

reliability or precision of a survey statistic. Relative 

Standard Error, or RSE, is a measure of precision on 

a percentage scale. The RSE is defined as the standard 

error of a survey estimate, divided by the survey es 

timate and multiplied by 100. (Standard error is the 

square root of the variance.)

Residual Fuel Oil: General classification for the heav 

ier oils that remain after the distillate fuel oils and 

lighter hydrocarbons are distilled away in refinery 

operations. Includes Grades No. 5 (Light and Heavy), 

No. 6 (including heavy-grade, so called Bunker C oil), 

and Navy Special fuel oil.

Roundwood: Wood cut specifically for use as a fuel.

Plant: Commonly used as a synonym for establish 

ment. However, the term can also be used to refer to 

a particular process within an establishment.

Propane ( C^Hg): A colorless, gaseous hydocarbon 

extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams. It 

is used primarily for residential and commercial heat 

ing and cooling, and also as a fuel for transportation. 

Industrial applications include use as a petrochemical 

feedstock.

Short Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.

Solar Energy: The radiant energy of the sun, which 

can be converted into other forms of energy, such as 

heat or electricity.

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC): A set of codes 

developed by the Office of Management and Budget, 

which categorizes businesses into groups with similar 

economic activities.

Propylene ( CjHg): A gaseous hydrocarbon recovered 

from refinery processes. Propylene is used primarily 

as a petrochemical feedstock.

Pulping Liquor (Black Liquor): The alkaline spent 

liquor removed from the digesters in the process of 

chemically pulping wood. After evaporation, the liq 

uor is burned as fuel in a furnace that permits the 

recovery of certain reusable chemicals.

Quadrillion Btu (Quad): Equivalent to 10 15 Btu.

Still Gas (Refinery Gas): Any form or mixture of gas 

produced in refineries by distillation, cracking, reform 

ing and other processes, the principal constituents of 

which are methane, hydrogen, ethane, ethylene, pro 

pane, propylene, butanes, butylene, etc. Still gas is 

used for petrochemical feedstock use and refinery fuel 

use.

Storage Capacity: For the purposes of the MECS, 

storage capacity includes any capacity that is on the 

establishment site even if it is dedicated or leased for 

storage of energy owned by other establishments.

Refinery: A plant, device, or process which heats 

crude oil so that it separates into chemical components, 

which are then distilled off as more usable substances. 

Simple structure components vaporize first. Typical 

crude fractions are unstabilized gas, naphtha, kerosene

Subbituminous Coal: A dull, black coal of intermediate 

rank between lignite and bituminous coal. For pur 

poses of the MECS, subbituminous coal, like 

bituminous coal, is used as a fuel and has approximately 

22.012 million Btu per short ton.

122 Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985
Turbine: A machine for generating rotary mechanical 

power from an energy stream (such as water, steam, 

or hot gas). Turbines convert kinetic energy to me 

chanical energy through the principles of impulse and 

reaction, or a mixture of the two.

Waste Oils and Tar: Petroleum-based materials that 

are worthless for any purpose other than fuel use; for 

example, residual byproducts of chemical processes, 

residue from refining processes, or unsaleable refinery 

byproducts.

Waste Materials: Otherwise discarded combustible 

materials which, when burned, produce energy for 

such purposes as space heating and electric power 

generation. The size of the waste may be reduced by 

shredders, grinders, or hammermills. Noncombustible 

materials, if any, may be removed. The waste may be 

dried and then burned, either alone or in combination 

with fossil fuels.

Wind Energy: Energy present in wind motion that 

can be converted to mechanical energy for driving 

pumps, mills, and electric power generators. Wind 

pushes against sails, vanes, or blades radiating from a 

central rotating shaft.

Wood Waste: Wood byproducts used as a fuel. In 

cluded are limb wood, wood chips, bark, sawdust, 

forest residues, charcoal, and pulp waste.

Energy Information Administration/Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy, 1985 123
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