Released: February 2018

Next MECS will be fielded in 2019

Table 7.8 Number of Establishments by Quantity of Purchased Electricity, Natural Gas, and Steam, 2014;

 Level: National Data; 

 Row: NAICS Codes;

 Column: Supplier Sources of Purchased Electricity, Natural Gas, and Steam;

 Unit: Establishment Counts.

 

 

NAICS Code(a) Subsector and Industry

Any 

Electricity(b)

Electricity from 

Only Local Utility(c)

Electricity from Only 

Sources Other than 

Local Utility(d)

Electricity from 

Both Local Utility 

and Other Sources

Any Natural 

Gas(b)

Natural Gas from 

Only Local Utility(c)

Natural Gas from 

Only Sources 

Other than Local 

Utility(d)

Natural Gas from 

Both Local Utility 

and Other 

Sources

Any 

Steam(b)

Steam from 

Only Local 

Utility(c)

Steam from Only 

Sources Other than 

Local Utility(d)

Steam from Both 

Local Utility and 

Other Sources

Total United States

311 Food 13,652 10,639 2,930 82 10,270 6,098 3,895 277 Q 22 Q 0

 3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 600 400 185 15 513 247 236 30 35 9 27 0

 311221 Wet Corn Milling 49 30 W W 44 W 29 W W W W 0

 31131 Sugar Manufacturing 71 62 W W 60 27 34 0 0 0 0 0

 3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 985 816 142 27 794 360 387 47 6 W W 0

 3115 Dairy Product 992 756 224 13 803 331 440 32 W W W 0

 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 1,603 1,185 403 15 1,349 574 728 47 7 W W 0

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 2,411 2,029 331 Q 1,224 870 337 17 Q 0 Q 0

 3121 Beverages 2,337 1,975 W W 1,164 836 314 14 Q 0 Q 0

 3122 Tobacco 74 54 W W 60 34 23 3 0 0 0 0

313 Textile Mills 1,355 938 377 Q 928 748 169 11 W W Q 0

314 Textile Product Mills 4,277 3,305 972 0 2,626 1,864 728 34 W 0 W 0

315 Apparel 3,874 3,374 W W 1,174 Q W W 0 0 0 0

316 Leather and Allied Products 466 365 W W 283 154 113 Q 0 0 0 0

321 Wood Products 8,316 6,653 1,603 60 3,529 2,229 1,221 Q 26 W W 0

 321113 Sawmills 1,609 1,334 256 19 253 130 113 Q 9 W W 0

 3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 973 778 W W 499 228 261 10 7 0 7 0

 321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 154 90 64 0 129 50 76 3 W 0 W 0

 3219 Other Wood Products 5,486 4,350 1,101 Q 2,646 1,796 798 Q Q W W 0

322 Paper 3,219 2,262 943 15 2,762 1,782 838 Q 26 6 21 0

 322110 Pulp Mills 28 24 4 0 23 8 15 0 0 0 0 0

 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 164 106 53 5 159 66 87 6 10 W W 0

 322122 Newsprint Mills 18 18 0 0 14 5 9 0 W W W 0

 322130 Paperboard Mills 147 108 W W 139 46 81 11 11 W W 0

323 Printing and Related Support 14,005 10,999 3,006 0 9,056 6,054 W W 0 0 0 0

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 1,904 1,369 484 50 1,420 718 644 58 44 W 40 W

 324110 Petroleum Refineries 174 128 34 13 168 82 79 6 40 W 36 W

 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 1,275 928 322 25 875 465 372 38 0 0 0 0

 324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 158 112 46 0 144 63 74 7 W 0 W 0

 324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 86 57 W W 73 34 40 0 W 0 W 0

325 Chemicals 8,525 5,782 2,548 195 6,749 3,628 2,890 230 245 24 221 0

 325110 Petrochemicals 44 24 20 0 33 W 28 W 10 0 10 0

 325120 Industrial Gases 427 342 85 0 203 134 69 0 6 0 6 0

 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 508 370 124 Q 402 194 196 12 19 0 19 0

 325193 Ethyl Alcohol 211 181 W W 200 52 134 Q 5 W W 0

 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 69 53 16 0 44 W 17 W 3 0 3 0

 325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 518 295 197 25 457 162 282 13 66 7 60 0

 325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 841 494 322 26 687 344 302 Q 29 6 22 0

 325212 Synthetic Rubber 85 57 W W 73 W 24 W 9 W W 0

 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 89 62 W W 73 W 16 W W 0 W 0

 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 133 89 W W 120 W 25 W W 0 W 0

 325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 57 45 W W 34 W 19 W 0 0 0 0

 3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 1,199 874 296 28 952 563 338 51 7 W W 0

 325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 601 381 202 18 516 260 227 29 W W W 0

 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 121 97 W W 106 W 40 W W 0 W 0

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 8,217 6,452 1,596 Q 6,276 3,931 2,185 Q W W 0 0

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 12,174 10,087 2,053 34 7,450 4,831 2,480 138 W 0 W 0

 327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 446 342 93 12 407 124 235 48 0 0 0 0

 327211 Flat Glass 50 25 W W 47 W 34 W 0 0 0 0

 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 194 153 W W 174 W 52 W 0 0 0 0

 327213 Glass Containers 59 31 28 0 59 6 53 0 0 0 0 0

 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 683 493 W W 513 W 148 W 0 0 0 0

 327310 Cements 189 157 W W 81 W 44 W 0 0 0 0

 327410 Lime 83 63 20 0 45 29 17 0 0 0 0 0

 327420 Gypsum 122 90 W W 72 W 42 W 0 0 0 0

 327993 Mineral Wool 186 148 W W 139 W 40 W W 0 W 0

331 Primary Metals 3,129 2,129 878 122 2,723 1,102 1,427 195 17 6 11 0

 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 345 244 95 6 314 125 172 17 W 6 W 0

 3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 470 333 111 26 348 153 156 40 W 0 W 0

 3313 Alumina and Aluminum 374 283 85 6 357 155 182 20 W 0 W 0

 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 96 65 31 0 85 W 49 W 0 0 0 0

 331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 57 42 W W 55 W 37 W 0 0 0 0

 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 182 151 W W 181 94 77 9 0 0 0 0

 3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 662 447 182 33 517 232 256 30 W 0 W 0

 331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 108 84 18 5 96 W 62 W W 0 W 0

 3315 Foundries 1,278 822 406 50 1,187 438 662 88 0 0 0 0

 331511 Iron Foundries 320 185 111 Q 305 87 195 22 0 0 0 0

 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die-Casting Foundaries 254 188 W W 230 112 103 15 0 0 0 0

 331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die-Casting 268 184 71 13 246 100 128 18 0 0 0 0

332 Fabricated Metal Products 36,439 28,079 7,649 711 24,831 14,612 W W 0 0 0 0

333 Machinery 15,307 11,972 3,197 Q 11,626 7,194 4,277 Q W 0 W 0

334 Computer and Electronic Products 6,831 5,159 1,662 10 4,591 3,183 1,351 Q W 0 W 0

 334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 388 305 W W 293 145 107 Q W 0 W 0

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 3,298 2,374 W W 2,332 1,510 666 Q Q 0 Q 0

336 Transportation Equipment 6,603 5,488 967 Q 5,193 2,644 2,418 Q W 3 W 0

 336111 Automobiles 44 35 W W 43 23 20 0 W W W 0

 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 37 32 5 0 33 15 18 0 0 0 0 0

 3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 1,063 838 184 42 839 529 280 30 W W 0 0

 336411 Aircraft 293 215 74 4 247 112 129 6 0 0 0 0

337 Furniture and Related Products 7,913 6,087 W W 4,511 3,185 1,220 Q 0 0 0 0

339 Miscellaneous 12,906 10,095 2,811 0 8,289 5,774 2,496 Q W 0 W 0

Total 174,820 135,636 37,198 1,986 117,842 72,892 42,836 2,115 604 W 526 W

 (a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

 (b) 'Any Energy Source' (that is, electricity, natural gas, steam) represents the non-duplicative total of establishments identified with this particular energy source. This count includes only those establishments that reported this activity in 2014.

 (c) A 'Local Utility' is an entity that produces and/or delivers a particular energy source (for example, electricity, natural gas, steam) and is legally obligated to provide service to the general public within its franchise area.

 (d) 'Sources Other than Local Utility' include independent producers, brokers, marketers, and marketing subsidiaries of utilities; for the case of electricity sources, also include small power producers and cogenerators not located at the establishment site.

 NF=No applicable RSE row/column factor.

 * Estimate less than 0.5.

 W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

 Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

 NA=Not available.

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Purchased energy sources exclude quantities delivered from any other establishment(s) in the company, quantities transferred from other establishments of the company for which payment was not made, quantities purchased 

centrally within the company but separate from the reporting establishment, and quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-846, '2014 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.' 

Electricity Components Natural Gas Components Steam Components
Released: February 2018

Next MECS will be fielded in 2019

RSE Table 7.8 Relative Standard Errors for Table 7.8;

 Unit: Percents.

 

 

NAICS Code(a) Subsector and Industry

Any 

Electricity(b)

Electricity from 

Only Local 

Utility(c)

Electricity from Only 

Sources Other than 

Local Utility(d)

Electricity from Both 

Local Utility and 

Other Sources

Any 

Natural 

Gas(b)

Natural Gas from 

Only Local Utility(c)

Natural Gas from Only 

Sources Other than 

Local Utility(d)

Natural Gas from 

Both Local Utility and 

Other Sources

Any 

Steam(b)

Steam from Only 

Local Utility(c)

Steam from Only 

Sources Other than 

Local Utility(d)

Steam from Both 

Local Utility and 

Other Sources

Total United States

311 Food 0.2 3.1 11.3 17.6 3.7 6.8 8.6 19.9 54.3 23.2 63.8 X

 3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 0.1 7.6 16.4 19.7 4.2 13.8 11.7 24.0 36.3 5.1 48.0 X

 311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X

 31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 X X X X X

 3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 0.1 3.3 17.4 40.0 6.7 14.9 12.5 25.0 25.9 9.2 32.3 X

 3115 Dairy Product 0.1 4.9 16.6 29.8 4.9 13.6 10.2 20.0 50.6 73.5 7.1 X

 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 0.1 5.7 16.7 26.7 4.0 12.0 9.4 33.9 36.0 35.6 69.7 X

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 1.3 3.6 19.2 52.0 9.0 11.8 17.7 9.5 50.4 X 50.4 X

 3121 Beverages 1.3 3.7 20.2 54.7 9.4 12.2 19.0 11.8 50.4 X 50.4 X

 3122 Tobacco 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 X X X X

313 Textile Mills 0.1 8.4 20.2 89.7 8.7 11.4 33.0 45.2 86.3 9.9 88.9 X

314 Textile Product Mills 0.1 11.4 38.8 X 16.9 23.5 46.3 41.3 60.0 X 60.0 X

315 Apparel 0.1 6.4 44.3 96.3 41.4 54.9 79.4 80.6 X X X X

316 Leather and Allied Products 0.1 6.4 23.6 78.8 13.3 27.3 22.5 63.0 X X X X

321 Wood Products 0.9 3.4 13.8 36.1 7.6 11.3 14.7 52.1 23.3 71.8 12.3 X

 321113 Sawmills 0.4 3.3 17.1 49.3 10.2 14.4 13.4 60.3 5.5 5.5 5.5 X

 3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 0.1 4.7 19.0 51.7 10.6 15.4 20.3 26.6 10.7 X 10.7 X

 321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.1 17.6 25.0 X 6.2 21.5 21.4 17.7 17.7 X 17.7 X

 3219 Other Wood Products 1.3 5.0 19.2 56.6 9.9 13.8 21.3 77.2 56.0 88.4 47.4 X

322 Paper 0.1 8.1 19.5 19.4 5.5 11.1 18.1 57.5 1.1 0.1 1.4 X

 322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X X

 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 X

 322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 X

 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X

323 Printing and Related Support 0.1 3.9 14.3 X 5.6 8.7 14.3 71.8 X X X X

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 0.3 2.9 7.4 21.2 2.4 7.6 7.6 15.4 33.4 36.2 33.1 36.2

 324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.1 13.1 36.2 36.2 1.4 40.1 36.2 36.2 36.2 36.2 36.2 36.2

 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 0.3 2.9 8.1 30.2 3.2 7.2 6.6 21.2 X X X X

 324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 1.8 4.9 11.8 X 3.6 9.1 7.5 35.7 4.0 X 4.0 X

 324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X 0.0 X

325 Chemicals 0.1 4.6 10.3 39.4 3.5 7.8 9.0 19.8 31.0 7.0 34.4 X

 325110 Petrochemicals 0.1 22.9 26.6 X 26.6 26.6 26.6 26.6 26.6 X 26.6 X

 325120 Industrial Gases 0.1 5.8 23.6 X 18.0 31.3 23.6 X 16.4 X 16.4 X

 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 0.2 8.5 24.4 53.3 8.9 20.8 19.5 30.9 43.7 X 43.7 X

 325193 Ethyl Alcohol 0.1 1.6 9.8 7.3 1.0 21.1 8.2 59.3 9.2 10.0 7.3 X

 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X

 325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 0.1 12.6 18.4 30.5 6.3 22.3 13.6 30.5 16.8 19.4 17.4 X

 325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 0.1 9.3 14.3 31.7 5.6 13.5 11.8 50.3 11.5 8.1 13.1 X

 325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X

 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X

 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 0.1 41.4 91.7 81.4 2.6 11.5 22.9 66.5 22.9 X 22.9 X

 325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X

 3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 0.1 5.8 16.9 28.3 6.7 12.9 16.9 16.5 15.7 30.7 11.9 X

 325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 0.1 11.8 22.5 21.1 5.7 17.4 20.0 21.3 23.1 30.7 13.9 X

 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0.1 8.8 37.0 25.5 6.3 30.4 38.4 25.5 25.5 X 25.5 X

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 0.1 4.4 17.3 56.5 4.8 9.0 14.3 54.0 78.3 78.3 X X

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 0.1 3.3 16.0 26.2 6.3 9.6 13.9 44.6 78.1 X 78.1 X

 327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 0.1 3.4 11.7 8.3 2.3 14.4 9.5 20.1 X X X X

 327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X

 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 0.1 7.4 28.0 21.2 5.3 16.1 32.4 21.2 X X X X

 327213 Glass Containers 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X X

 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 0.1 7.6 19.9 10.6 8.0 12.5 20.7 67.4 X X X X

 327310 Cements 0.1 6.7 32.8 31.9 32.2 32.7 32.0 31.9 X X X X

 327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X X

 327420 Gypsum 0.1 8.3 25.1 17.3 17.6 17.3 17.8 17.3 X X X X

 327993 Mineral Wool 0.1 7.5 29.4 24.9 14.6 28.8 27.3 24.9 24.9 X 24.9 X

331 Primary Metals 0.2 3.4 8.2 20.0 2.0 6.6 4.9 13.1 29.0 3.3 44.7 X

 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.1 1.4 3.3 3.3 0.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 X

 3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 0.1 8.5 24.4 46.5 10.9 16.9 18.1 39.4 89.0 X 89.0 X

 3313 Alumina and Aluminum 2.0 2.9 5.7 8.3 0.3 7.3 5.8 4.9 0.0 X 0.0 X

 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 0.1 0.1 0.1 X 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 X X X X

 331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.1 8.0 21.4 21.4 0.7 21.4 11.7 21.4 X X X X

 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 4.1 5.0 13.6 10.0 0.6 11.4 12.4 10.0 X X X X

 3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 0.1 7.6 17.5 41.4 6.7 17.7 13.0 44.7 37.4 X 37.4 X

 331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0.1 10.7 37.4 37.4 4.8 37.4 27.6 37.4 37.4 X 37.4 X

 3315 Foundries 0.1 7.0 14.4 31.8 1.4 12.2 8.1 17.2 X X X X

 331511 Iron Foundries 0.1 18.7 31.9 58.5 1.5 23.8 13.8 28.7 X X X X

 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die-Casting Foundaries 0.1 6.5 19.3 9.6 2.3 14.8 14.6 13.6 X X X X

 331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die-Casting 0.1 6.8 17.1 43.1 1.4 13.6 10.1 30.8 X X X X

332 Fabricated Metal Products 0.1 3.5 12.6 44.2 4.5 8.0 10.5 70.7 X X X X

333 Machinery 0.1 3.4 12.7 60.9 3.8 7.1 10.7 55.9 56.5 X 56.5 X

334 Computer and Electronic Products 0.1 5.6 17.4 18.7 7.1 10.8 19.8 66.5 20.1 X 20.1 X

 334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 0.1 8.0 31.5 21.5 10.9 33.3 24.8 89.7 20.1 X 20.1 X

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 0.1 8.4 23.4 74.9 8.8 14.5 24.6 64.4 53.6 X 53.6 X

336 Transportation Equipment 0.1 4.5 23.7 66.8 5.6 12.3 13.4 58.7 52.1 4.6 74.4 X

 336111 Automobiles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 X

 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X X

 3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 0.1 6.1 27.1 36.1 6.8 13.5 19.8 26.1 11.9 11.9 X X

 336411 Aircraft 0.1 16.6 48.1 25.8 13.6 40.9 35.3 25.8 X X X X

337 Furniture and Related Products 0.1 5.2 17.6 96.3 8.6 11.9 22.1 58.3 X X X X

339 Miscellaneous 0.7 4.4 15.4 X 6.2 9.1 16.6 52.1 90.4 X 90.4 X

Total 0.1 1.2 4.2 18.9 1.6 2.6 3.8 11.4 19.6 10.9 22.4 36.2

 (a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

 (b) 'Any Energy Source' (that is, electricity, natural gas, steam) represents the non-duplicative total of establishments identified with this particular energy source. This count includes only those establishments that reported this activity in 2014.

 (c) A 'Local Utility' is an entity that produces and/or delivers a particular energy source (for example, electricity, natural gas, steam) and is legally obligated to provide service to the general public within its franchise area.

 (d) 'Sources Other than Local Utility' include independent producers, brokers, marketers, and marketing subsidiaries of utilities; for the case of electricity sources, also include small power producers and cogenerators not located at the establishment site.

 NF=No applicable RSE row/column factor.

 * Estimate less than 0.5.

 W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

 Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

 NA=Not available.

 X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a value of zero.

 -- Estimation is not applicable. Energy source is not included in series.

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Purchased energy sources exclude quantities delivered from any other establishment(s) in the company, quantities transferred from other establishments of the company for which payment was not made, quantities purchased centrally within the 

company but separate from the reporting establishment, and quantities for which payment was made in-kind.

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-846, '2014 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.' 

Electricity Components Natural Gas Components Steam Components