Data release date: March 2023

Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total U.S.a Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 123.53 224.62 199.32 164.87

Census region and division

Northeast 21.92 40.05 35.09 21.96

New England 5.88 11.34 9.67 4.93

Middle Atlantic 16.04 28.70 25.42 17.03

Midwest 27.04 54.25 50.39 41.96

East North Central 18.55 37.11 34.33 28.18

West North Central 8.50 17.13 16.06 13.78

South 46.84 84.59 73.55 71.01

South Atlantic 24.84 45.32 38.70 38.40

East South Central 7.38 13.86 12.35 11.24

West South Central 14.62 25.42 22.50 21.37

West 27.72 45.74 40.29 29.93

Mountain 9.22 17.04 16.00 13.29

Mountain North 4.62 9.30 8.94 6.65

Mountain South 4.60 7.74 7.06 6.64

Pacific 18.51 28.70 24.29 16.65

Census urban/rural classificationc

Urban 100.44 174.06 153.93 129.68

Urbanized area 89.24 154.87 136.72 116.66

Urban cluster 11.20 19.19 17.21 13.01

Rural 23.09 50.56 45.39 35.19

Climate regiond

Very cold/Cold 42.50 84.20 76.86 55.66

Mixed-humid 36.79 68.47 62.09 54.08

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 15.06 23.38 20.09 18.20

Hot-humid 22.31 37.56 30.45 32.26

Marine 6.87 11.02 9.83 4.67

Housing unit type

Single-family detached 77.07 174.50 154.37 129.80

Single-family attached 7.45 12.03 10.52 8.63

Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units 9.34 9.14 8.39 5.49

Apartments in buildings with 5 or 

more units 22.84 20.66 18.24 14.75

Mobile homes 6.83 8.30 7.79 6.20

Table HC10.1 Total square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

Total square footage (billion square feet)
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total U.S.a Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 123.53 224.62 199.32 164.87

Table HC10.1 Total square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

Total square footage (billion square feet)

Year of construction

Before 1950 20.26 35.78 30.44 19.20

1950 to 1959 12.48 21.14 18.60 14.01

1960 to 1969 12.76 20.86 18.43 14.70

1970 to 1979 18.34 30.21 26.89 21.80

1980 to 1989 16.30 27.73 24.76 21.07

1990 to 1999 17.16 34.31 31.05 27.89

2000 to 2009 16.16 34.44 30.83 28.87

2010 to 2015 5.53 11.07 10.11 9.58

2016 to 2020 4.56 9.10 8.20 7.76

Number of stories

1 story 47.15 91.61 79.51 67.95

2 stories 32.47 83.29 74.63 61.93

3 or more stories 2.61 6.76 6.23 4.80

Split-level 2.28 4.87 4.53 3.76

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 39.01 38.09 34.42 26.43

Fuels used for any use (more than 

one may apply)

Electricity 123.53 224.62 199.32 164.87

Natural gas 75.31 142.96 129.27 107.22

Propanee 11.14 24.88 21.98 16.63

Wood 11.05 25.23 23.00 16.66

Fuel oil or kerosene 5.68 12.05 10.23 5.46

Distributed solar generation

Yes 3.65 8.42 7.36 6.31

No 87.70 186.41 165.32 138.32

Not asked (apartments) 32.18 29.79 26.64 20.23

Main space heating fuel

Natural gas 62.71 124.42 115.18 94.49

Electricity 42.57 65.90 60.58 50.92

Fuel oil or kerosene 4.93 10.63 9.01 4.75

Propane 5.21 11.72 10.49 7.64

Wood 2.25 4.48 3.96 1.99

Some other fuelf Q Q Q Q

Does not use heating equipment 5.79 7.36 0.00 5.05
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total U.S.a Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 123.53 224.62 199.32 164.87

Table HC10.1 Total square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

Total square footage (billion square feet)

Air-conditioning equipment

Uses air-conditioning equipment 109.51 203.73 181.72 164.87

Does not use air-conditioning 

equipment 14.02 20.89 17.60 0.00

Fuel used by main water heater

Natural gas 59.33 114.62 103.78 86.39

Electricity 57.04 93.94 81.80 69.28

Propane 4.12 9.75 8.55 6.44

Fuel oil or kerosene 2.62 5.59 4.73 2.37

Some other fuelf 0.41 0.71 0.45 0.39

Indoor light bulbs used at least 4 

hours a day

0 to 2 47.78 76.73 66.65 54.13

3 to 5 31.24 53.62 47.49 38.76

6 to 9 23.06 43.72 39.04 32.32

10 to 19 16.66 37.59 34.20 29.01

20 or more 4.79 12.97 11.94 10.64

Total number of rooms (excluding 

bathrooms)

1 or 2 4.59 2.90 2.55 2.03

3 8.73 7.00 5.99 4.40

4 15.95 16.59 14.31 10.68

5 19.54 26.84 23.37 18.21

6 22.10 37.93 32.94 26.85

7 18.86 38.03 33.69 27.83

8 13.87 32.85 29.49 25.01

9 or more 19.90 62.48 56.98 49.87

Number of bedrooms

0 1.82 1.20 0.99 0.77

1 14.52 11.48 10.11 7.11

2 30.67 39.06 33.93 26.06

3 48.27 92.55 82.21 67.71

4 22.08 58.68 52.22 45.82

5 or more 6.16 21.65 19.86 17.40
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total U.S.a Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 123.53 224.62 199.32 164.87

Table HC10.1 Total square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

Total square footage (billion square feet)

Basement

Yes 36.83 96.52 84.42 66.26

Finished basement 21.71 57.78 53.63 43.94

Unfinished basement 15.12 38.75 30.79 22.32

No 47.68 90.01 80.48 72.17

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 39.01 38.09 34.42 26.43

Adequacy of insulation

Well insulated 34.34 73.59 66.24 57.34

Adequately insulated 64.27 115.34 102.67 85.91

Poorly insulated 21.29 31.60 27.34 19.74

No insulation 3.63 4.10 3.07 1.88

Type of glass in windows

Single-pane glass 43.51 63.33 53.97 43.70

Double-pane glass 77.95 156.69 141.28 117.71

Triple-pane glass 2.07 4.60 4.06 3.46

Number of household members

1 member 33.59 46.81 41.23 32.00

2 members 45.31 86.96 77.75 64.69

3 members 18.27 35.61 31.67 26.30

4 members 15.56 32.60 28.93 24.62

5 members 6.44 13.55 11.88 10.46

6 or more members 4.37 9.09 7.86 6.80

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 4.48 5.11 4.30 2.92

$5,000 to $9,999 4.01 4.31 3.67 2.53

$10,000 to $19,999 10.25 13.20 11.30 7.78

$20,000 to $39,999 24.07 35.07 30.60 24.18

$40,000 to $59,999 19.61 32.71 28.54 23.05

$60,000 to $99,999 27.71 51.73 46.21 38.55

$100,000 to $149,999 16.54 36.26 32.75 28.54

$150,000 or more 16.86 46.24 41.94 37.31

Ownership of housing unitg

Owned 82.92 180.40 160.94 136.07

Rented 40.61 44.22 38.38 28.80
Number of 

housing units 

(million)

Total U.S.a Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 123.53 224.62 199.32 164.87

Table HC10.1 Total square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

Total square footage (billion square feet)

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of 

the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. See RECS Terminology for the definitions of terms used in these 

tables. 

a Total U.S. includes all primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, 

seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and group quarters are excluded.

b Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned 

garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are 

excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square 

footage based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the 

square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. 

See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for full details about data collection and processing.

c Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas 

are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 50,000 or more people, while urban clusters have at least 2,500 but 

less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

d The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 

Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We combined climate regions for this publication. The Subarctic region is 

included with data for Very-cold/Cold .

e Households that use propane only for outdoor grilling are excluded from the RECS estimate of households using 

propane. 

f

Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.

g Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without paying rent. 

Q = Data withheld because either the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 10 households 

were in the reporting sample.

N = No households in reporting sample. 
Data release date: March 2023

Percentage of 

all housing units

Total U.S.a Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Census region and division

Northeast 17.74 17.83 17.60 13.32

New England 4.76 5.05 4.85 2.99

Middle Atlantic 12.99 12.78 12.75 10.33

Midwest 21.89 24.15 25.28 25.45

East North Central 15.01 16.52 17.22 17.09

West North Central 6.88 7.63 8.06 8.36

South 37.92 37.66 36.90 43.07

South Atlantic 20.11 20.17 19.42 23.29

East South Central 5.97 6.17 6.20 6.82

West South Central 11.83 11.32 11.29 12.96

West 22.44 20.36 20.21 18.16

Mountain 7.46 7.58 8.03 8.06

Mountain North 3.74 4.14 4.49 4.03

Mountain South 3.73 3.44 3.54 4.03

Pacific 14.98 12.78 12.19 10.10

Census urban/rural classificationc

Urban 81.31 77.49 77.23 78.66

Urbanized area 72.24 68.95 68.59 70.76

Urban cluster 9.07 8.54 8.63 7.89

Rural 18.69 22.51 22.77 21.34

Climate regiond

Very cold/Cold 34.41 37.48 38.56 33.76

Mixed-humid 29.78 30.48 31.15 32.80

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 12.19 10.41 10.08 11.04

Hot-humid 18.06 16.72 15.27 19.56

Marine 5.56 4.91 4.93 2.83

Housing unit type

Single-family detached 62.39 77.69 77.45 78.73

Single-family attached 6.03 5.36 5.28 5.24

Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units 7.56 4.07 4.21 3.33

Apartments in buildings with 5 or 

more units 18.49 9.20 9.15 8.94

Mobile homes 5.53 3.69 3.91 3.76

Table HC10.1 Total square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

Percentage of total square footage
Percentage of 

all housing units

Total U.S.a Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table HC10.1 Total square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

Percentage of total square footage

Year of construction

Before 1950 16.40 15.93 15.27 11.64

1950 to 1959 10.10 9.41 9.33 8.50

1960 to 1969 10.33 9.29 9.25 8.92

1970 to 1979 14.85 13.45 13.49 13.22

1980 to 1989 13.19 12.34 12.42 12.78

1990 to 1999 13.89 15.28 15.58 16.92

2000 to 2009 13.08 15.33 15.47 17.51

2010 to 2015 4.47 4.93 5.07 5.81

2016 to 2020 3.69 4.05 4.11 4.70

Number of stories

1 story 38.17 40.78 39.89 41.21

2 stories 26.29 37.08 37.44 37.56

3 or more stories 2.11 3.01 3.12 2.91

Split-level 1.85 2.17 2.27 2.28

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 31.58 16.96 17.27 16.03

Fuels used for any use (more than 

one may apply)

Electricity 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Natural gas 60.97 63.64 64.86 65.03

Propanee 9.01 11.08 11.03 10.09

Wood 8.95 11.23 11.54 10.10

Fuel oil or kerosene 4.60 5.36 5.13 3.31

Distributed solar generation

Yes 2.95 3.75 3.69 3.83

No 71.00 82.99 82.94 83.90

Not asked (apartments) 26.05 13.26 13.36 12.27

Main space heating fuel

Natural gas 50.77 55.39 57.79 57.32

Electricity 34.46 29.34 30.39 30.89

Fuel oil or kerosene 3.99 4.73 4.52 2.88

Propane 4.22 5.22 5.26 4.63

Wood 1.82 1.99 1.99 1.21

Some other fuelf Q Q Q Q

Does not use heating equipment 4.69 3.28 0.00 3.06
Percentage of 

all housing units

Total U.S.a Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table HC10.1 Total square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

Percentage of total square footage

Air-conditioning equipment

Uses air-conditioning equipment 88.65 90.70 91.17 100.00

Does not use air-conditioning 

equipment 11.35 9.30 8.83 0.00

Fuel used by main water heater

Natural gas 48.03 51.03 52.07 52.40

Electricity 46.18 41.82 41.04 42.02

Propane 3.34 4.34 4.29 3.91

Fuel oil or kerosene 2.12 2.49 2.37 1.44

Some other fuelf 0.33 0.32 0.23 0.24

Indoor light bulbs used at least 4 

hours a day

0 to 2 38.68 34.16 33.44 32.83

3 to 5 25.29 23.87 23.82 23.51

6 to 9 18.67 19.46 19.59 19.60

10 to 19 13.49 16.73 17.16 17.60

20 or more 3.88 5.77 5.99 6.46

Total number of rooms (excluding 

bathrooms)

1 or 2 3.71 1.29 1.28 1.23

3 7.07 3.12 3.01 2.67

4 12.91 7.38 7.18 6.48

5 15.81 11.95 11.73 11.04

6 17.89 16.89 16.52 16.28

7 15.27 16.93 16.90 16.88

8 11.22 14.63 14.80 15.17

9 or more 16.11 27.82 28.59 30.25

Number of bedrooms

0 1.48 0.53 0.50 0.47

1 11.76 5.11 5.07 4.31

2 24.83 17.39 17.02 15.81

3 39.08 41.20 41.24 41.07

4 17.87 26.12 26.20 27.79

5 or more 4.99 9.64 9.96 10.55
Percentage of 

all housing units

Total U.S.a Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table HC10.1 Total square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

Percentage of total square footage

Basement

Yes 29.82 42.97 42.35 40.19

Finished basement 17.58 25.72 26.90 26.65

Unfinished basement 12.24 17.25 15.45 13.54

No 38.60 40.07 40.38 43.78

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 31.58 16.96 17.27 16.03

Adequacy of insulation

Well insulated 27.80 32.76 33.23 34.78

Adequately insulated 52.03 51.35 51.51 52.11

Poorly insulated 17.23 14.07 13.72 11.97

No insulation 2.94 1.83 1.54 1.14

Type of glass in windows

Single-pane glass 35.22 28.19 27.08 26.50

Double-pane glass 63.10 69.76 70.88 71.40

Triple-pane glass 1.68 2.05 2.04 2.10

Number of household members

1 member 27.19 20.84 20.69 19.41

2 members 36.68 38.71 39.01 39.24

3 members 14.79 15.85 15.89 15.95

4 members 12.59 14.51 14.51 14.93

5 members 5.22 6.03 5.96 6.34

6 or more members 3.54 4.05 3.94 4.13

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 3.63 2.27 2.16 1.77

$5,000 to $9,999 3.24 1.92 1.84 1.54

$10,000 to $19,999 8.30 5.88 5.67 4.72

$20,000 to $39,999 19.49 15.61 15.35 14.66

$40,000 to $59,999 15.87 14.56 14.32 13.98

$60,000 to $99,999 22.43 23.03 23.19 23.38

$100,000 to $149,999 13.39 16.14 16.43 17.31

$150,000 or more 13.65 20.58 21.04 22.63

Ownership of housing unitg

Owned 67.13 80.31 80.74 82.53

Rented 32.87 19.69 19.26 17.47
Percentage of 

all housing units

Total U.S.a Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table HC10.1 Total square footage of U.S. homes, 2020

Percentage of total square footage

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of 

the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. See RECS Terminology for the definitions of terms used in these 

tables. 

a Total U.S. includes all primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, 

seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and group quarters are excluded.

b Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned 

garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are 

excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square 

footage based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the 

square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. 

See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for full details about data collection and processing.

c Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas 

are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 50,000 or more people, while urban clusters have at least 2,500 but 

less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

d The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 

Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We combined climate regions for this publication. The Subarctic region is 

included with data for Very-cold and Cold.

e Households that use propane only for outdoor grilling are excluded from the RECS estimate of households using 

propane. 

f

Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.

g Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without paying rent. 

Q = Data withheld because either the relative standard error (RSE) was greater than 50% or fewer than 10 households 

were in the reporting sample.

N = No households in reporting sample. 
Data release date: March 2023

RSEs for 

number of 

housing units

Total U.S.a Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.36 0.45 0.50

Census region and division

Northeast 0.00 0.88 0.98 1.74

New England 0.00 1.35 1.43 2.33

Middle Atlantic 0.00 1.17 1.26 2.14

Midwest 0.00 0.75 0.89 1.24

East North Central 0.00 1.05 1.16 1.58

West North Central 0.00 1.02 1.10 1.46

South 0.00 0.69 0.79 0.68

South Atlantic 0.00 0.85 0.98 0.98

East South Central 0.00 1.58 1.53 1.64

West South Central 0.00 1.40 1.42 1.57

West 0.00 0.59 0.72 1.25

Mountain 0.00 1.06 1.13 1.61

Mountain North 0.00 1.63 1.66 2.54

Mountain South 0.00 1.34 1.56 1.68

Pacific 0.00 0.95 1.15 1.94

Census urban/rural classificationc

Urban 0.28 0.54 0.61 0.66

Urbanized area 0.42 0.66 0.78 0.75

Urban cluster 2.74 2.81 2.73 3.12

Rural 1.23 1.36 1.38 1.68

Climate regiond

Very cold/Cold 0.54 0.74 0.75 1.19

Mixed-humid 0.77 1.04 1.05 1.08

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 1.23 1.60 1.63 1.97

Hot-humid 0.69 1.22 1.82 1.35

Marine 2.39 3.09 2.98 5.02

Housing unit type

Single-family detached 0.00 0.48 0.56 0.60

Single-family attached 0.00 1.21 1.52 2.12

Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units 0.00 1.50 1.81 3.05

Apartments in buildings with 5 or 

more units 0.00 0.76 1.18 1.42

Mobile homes 0.00 1.27 1.61 2.47

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.1 Total square footage of U.S. homes, 

2020

RSEs for total square footage
RSEs for 

number of 

housing units

Total U.S.a Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.36 0.45 0.50

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.1 Total square footage of U.S. homes, 

2020

RSEs for total square footage

Year of construction

Before 1950 0.00 1.43 1.39 2.28

1950 to 1959 0.00 1.51 1.66 2.40

1960 to 1969 0.00 1.80 2.06 2.79

1970 to 1979 0.00 1.14 1.25 1.43

1980 to 1989 0.00 1.31 1.42 1.79

1990 to 1999 0.00 1.43 1.50 1.71

2000 to 2009 0.00 1.12 1.31 1.28

2010 to 2015 2.84 3.79 3.98 3.99

2016 to 2020 3.44 4.00 4.09 4.16

Number of stories

1 story 0.71 1.01 0.98 1.13

2 stories 0.92 1.14 1.16 1.39

3 or more stories 5.12 5.55 5.70 6.63

Split-level 5.35 5.32 5.61 5.50

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 0.00 0.59 0.90 1.29

Fuels used for any use (more than 

one may apply)

Electricity 0.00 0.36 0.45 0.50

Natural gas 0.57 0.75 0.78 0.91

Propanee 2.48 2.80 2.84 3.10

Wood 2.35 2.55 2.56 3.02

Fuel oil or kerosene 3.26 3.47 3.39 4.58

Distributed solar generation

Yes 3.96 4.41 4.85 5.19

No 0.16 0.51 0.54 0.58

Not asked (apartments) 0.00 0.70 1.04 1.42

Main space heating fuel

Natural gas 0.77 0.87 0.88 1.03

Electricity 0.92 1.07 1.14 1.22

Fuel oil or kerosene 3.50 3.61 3.52 5.12

Propane 3.76 4.93 4.80 5.06

Wood 4.88 5.72 5.77 8.07

Some other fuelf 35.67 39.92 38.47 47.28

Does not use heating equipment 4.41 4.69 0.00 5.64
RSEs for 

number of 

housing units

Total U.S.a Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.36 0.45 0.50

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.1 Total square footage of U.S. homes, 

2020

RSEs for total square footage

Air-conditioning equipment

Uses air-conditioning equipment 0.35 0.49 0.51 0.50

Does not use air-conditioning 

equipment 2.70 2.87 3.07 0.00

Fuel used by main water heater

Natural gas 0.75 0.95 0.95 1.17

Electricity 0.80 0.95 0.89 1.08

Propane 4.44 4.87 4.63 5.33

Fuel oil or kerosene 5.20 5.22 5.06 6.31

Some other fuelf 16.08 14.12 17.61 17.78

Indoor light bulbs used at least 4 

hours a day

0 to 2 1.21 1.44 1.57 1.74

3 to 5 1.27 1.48 1.54 1.70

6 to 9 1.80 2.14 2.06 2.19

10 to 19 2.26 2.54 2.51 2.74

20 or more 4.44 4.41 4.51 4.78

Total number of rooms (excluding 

bathrooms)

1 or 2 4.95 5.50 5.71 6.00

3 2.52 2.80 3.13 3.80

4 2.05 2.32 2.34 2.62

5 1.99 2.09 2.12 2.65

6 1.80 1.76 2.05 2.34

7 1.81 2.07 2.16 2.22

8 2.06 2.21 2.28 2.47

9 or more 1.53 1.61 1.67 1.72

Number of bedrooms

0 8.69 9.82 10.25 11.48

1 1.88 2.11 2.34 2.58

2 1.21 1.45 1.55 1.84

3 1.16 1.24 1.25 1.42

4 1.86 1.93 1.94 2.01

5 or more 2.93 3.07 3.19 3.07
RSEs for 

number of 

housing units

Total U.S.a Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.36 0.45 0.50

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.1 Total square footage of U.S. homes, 

2020

RSEs for total square footage

Basement

Yes 0.64 0.89 0.92 1.19

Finished basement 1.13 1.40 1.43 1.74

Unfinished basement 1.50 1.83 1.92 2.54

No 0.49 0.79 0.90 0.89

Not asked (apartments and mobile 

homes) 0.00 0.59 0.90 1.29

Adequacy of insulation

Well insulated 1.43 1.73 1.77 1.84

Adequately insulated 0.76 0.99 1.00 1.11

Poorly insulated 1.85 2.25 2.34 2.72

No insulation 5.49 5.87 6.90 7.15

Type of glass in windows

Single-pane glass 1.08 1.36 1.49 1.60

Double-pane glass 0.61 0.65 0.72 0.82

Triple-pane glass 6.23 6.22 6.91 7.23

Number of household members

1 member 1.25 1.54 1.57 1.74

2 members 1.15 1.22 1.23 1.32

3 members 1.87 1.87 1.91 2.17

4 members 2.08 2.52 2.55 2.63

5 members 4.12 4.28 4.52 4.86

6 or more members 4.58 4.72 4.95 5.08

2020 annual household income

Less than $5,000 4.63 5.60 5.72 6.73

$5,000 to $9,999 5.53 5.49 5.88 7.42

$10,000 to $19,999 3.21 3.31 3.46 4.10

$20,000 to $39,999 1.98 2.21 2.03 2.39

$40,000 to $59,999 1.83 2.11 2.07 2.48

$60,000 to $99,999 1.58 1.71 1.70 1.87

$100,000 to $149,999 1.83 1.85 1.84 2.23

$150,000 or more 1.93 2.14 2.26 2.34

Ownership of housing unitg

Owned 0.42 0.61 0.66 0.72

Rented 0.86 1.32 1.55 1.76
RSEs for 

number of 

housing units

Total U.S.a Totalb Heated Cooled

All homes 0.00 0.36 0.45 0.50

Relative standard errors (RSEs) for Table HC10.1 Total square footage of U.S. homes, 

2020

RSEs for total square footage

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA-457A of 

the 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Notes: See RECS Terminology for the definitions of terms used in these tables. 

a Total U.S. includes all primary occupied housing units in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Vacant housing units, 

seasonal units, second homes, military houses, and group quarters are excluded.

b Total square footage includes all basements, finished or conditioned (heated or cooled) areas of attics, and conditioned 

garage space that is attached to the home. Unconditioned and unfinished areas in attics and attached garages are 

excluded. The square footage of the home is based on respondent reports. Previous RECS cycles calculated square 

footage based on interviewer measurements. For households that did not report an exact square footage estimate, the 

square footage of the home was imputed based on a reported square footage range and/or characteristics of the home. 

See 2020 RECS Square Footage Methodology for full details about data collection and processing.

c Housing units are classified using criteria created by the U.S. Census Bureau based on 2010 Census data. Urbanized areas 

are densely settled groupings of blocks or tracts with 50,000 or more people, while urban clusters have at least 2,500 but 

less than 50,000 people. All other areas are rural.

d The Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 

Energy (EERE), created these climate regions. We combined climate regions for this publication. The Subarctic region is 

included with data for Very-cold/Cold .

e Households that use propane only for outdoor grilling are excluded from the RECS estimate of households using 

propane. 

f

Some other fuel includes coal and district steam.

g Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without paying rent.