Released: February 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2022.

Table 1.1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2018;

Level: National and Regional Data;

Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Energy Sources and Shipments;

Unit: Physical Units or Btu.

Net Residual Distillate Natural HGL (excluding C

NAICS Total(b) Electricity(c) Fuel Oil Fuel Oil(d) Gas(e) natural gasoline)(f) (mil

Code(a) Subsector and Industry (trillion Btu) (million kWh) (million bbl) (million bbl) (billion cu ft) (million bbl) short to

Total United States

311 Food 1,161 91,975 * 3 650 2 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 247 14,710 * * 144 * 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 111 6,013 0 * 59 * 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 107 1,143 * * 32 * 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 130 9,928 * * 90 * 

3115 Dairy Product 124 11,504 * * 78 * 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 278 31,687 * 1 145 * 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 118 14,260 * * 52 * 

3121 Beverages 111 13,494 * * 48 * 3122 Tobacco 7 766 * * 4 * 

313 Textile Mills 64 10,881 * * 22 * 314 Textile Product Mills 22 2,858 0 * 11 * 315 Apparel 4 724 0 * 2 * 316 Leather and Allied Products 2 226 0 * 1 * 

321 Wood Products 388 20,702 * 2 65 1 

321113 Sawmills 161 7,212 * 1 17 * 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 139 6,710 * * 30 * 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 78 4,289 * * 20 * 

3219 Other Wood Products 79 6,325 * Q 15 * 

322 Paper 2,041 50,995 1 1 554 1 

322110 Pulp Mills 292 1,593 * * 39 * 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 698 15,509 1 * 218 * 

322122 Newsprint Mills 35 4,946 0 * 5 * 322130 Paperboard Mills 897 16,308 * * 227 * 

323 Printing and Related Support 60 10,043 * * 24 * 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 4,245 52,035 1 2 1,040 5 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 3,375 48,497 * 1 958 4 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 475 1,378 * 1 40 1 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 272 930 * * 13 * 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 26 1,340 0 * 20 * 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 97 ‐110 0 * 8 * 

325 Chemicals 7,141 146,846 7 2 3,115 882 

325110 Petrochemicals 1,461 6,946 0 * 296 386 

325120 Industrial Gases 291 21,611 0 * 235 * 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 555 29,720 7 * 254 16 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 453 10,721 0 * 347 * 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 233 3,141 0 * 116 19 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 1,366 18,970 * Q 575 127 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 1,675 16,884 0 D 441 D 325212 Synthetic Rubber 38 1,386 0 * 19 1 
325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 33 2,694 0 * 22 * 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 614 5,131 0 * D * 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 37 D * D 28 * 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 115 10,442 0 * 61 * 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 67 6,121 0 * 30 * 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 8 921 * * 3 * 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 257 49,342 * * 81 1 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 846 37,953 * 4 337 1 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 47 1,769 0 * 35 * 327211 Flat Glass 47 1,419 0 * 40 * 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 31 2,135 0 * 22 * 

327213 Glass Containers 54 3,447 0 * 41 * 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 22 3,675 0 * 9 * 327310 Cements 296 11,444 0 * 56 * 

327410 Lime 106 1,384 0 * 18 * 327420 Gypsum 59 1,541 0 * 50 * 

327993 Mineral Wool 33 3,110 0 * 21 * 

331 Primary Metals 1,511 112,848 * 1 658 1 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 1,047 55,633 * 1 436 * 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 53 6,915 0 * 25 * 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 217 26,260 0 * 113 * 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 21 780 0 * 18 * 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 72 5,377 0 * 52 * 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 24 1,917 0 * 17 * 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 100 13,274 0 * 41 * 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 48 7,887 0 * 16 * 

3315 Foundries 93 10,766 * * 44 * 

331511 Iron Foundries 41 5,197 0 * 12 * 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 22 2,078 * * 14 * 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 9 788 0 * 6 * 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 257 36,281 0 * 122 1 333 Machinery 148 23,556 * * 59 1 

334 Computer and Electronic Products 110 22,221 * * 32 * 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 54 11,612 * * 13 * 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 85 11,045 * * 35 * 

336 Transportation Equipment 348 50,479 * 1 154 1 

336111 Automobiles 34 4,026 0 * 18 * 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 41 4,238 0 * 24 * 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 66 9,678 * * 27 * 

336411 Aircraft 17 2,722 0 * 6 * 

337 Furniture and Related Products 37 4,672 0 * 15 * 

339 Miscellaneous 61 9,571 0 * 25 * 

Subtotal 18,907 759,512 9 16 7,052 898 Miscellaneous Nonfuel Products(i) 529 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 19,436 759,512 9 16 7,052 898 

Northeast Census Region

311 Food 81 7,833 * Q 47 * 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 4 497 0 * 2 * 

311221 Wet Corn Milling * 15 0 0 * * 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 2 4 0 * 2 *

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 12 790 * * 8 * 

3115 Dairy Product 17 1,459 * * 11 * 
3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 11 1,101 0 * 7 * 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 13 1,675 * * 7 * 

3121 Beverages 12 1,648 * * 6 * 

3122 Tobacco 1 28 * * 1 * 

313 Textile Mills 6 571 0 * 4 * 314 Textile Product Mills 2 322 0 * 1 * 

315 Apparel 1 151 0 0 1 * 316 Leather and Allied Products 1 49 0 * * * 

321 Wood Products 52 1,487 * * 5 * 

321113 Sawmills 8 379 * * * * 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 29 269 * * 2 * 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 17 196 * * 2 * 

3219 Other Wood Products 13 817 * * 3 * 

322 Paper 193 4,429 * * 77 * 

322110 Pulp Mills D 251 * * 4 * 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 120 973 * * 49 * 

322122 Newsprint Mills 0 0 0 0 0 0

322130 Paperboard Mills 23 1,454 * * 15 * 

323 Printing and Related Support 9 1,588 * * 3 * 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 264 2,611 * * 41 * 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 136 2,119 * * 29 * 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 90 281 * * 8 * 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 35 90 0 * 1 * 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 1 45 0 * * * 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 2 76 0 * 2 * 

325 Chemicals 173 11,275 * * 112 * 

325110 Petrochemicals * 17 0 * * * 

325120 Industrial Gases 12 2,777 0 0 2 * 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 13 1,619 0 * 6 * 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 7 170 0 * 7 * 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 3 107 0 0 2 0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 58 1,502 * * 44 * 325211 Plastics Materials and Resins D 825 0 * 4 * 

325212 Synthetic Rubber * 18 0 * * * 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments * 35 0 * * * 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 1 24 0 * * * 325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers * 1 0 * 0 * 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 32 2,371 0 * 22 * 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 13 1,360 0 * 8 *

325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 4 412 * * 1 * 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 28 4,763 0 * 10 * 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 88 3,875 0 1 50 * 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 6 213 0 * 3 * 

327211 Flat Glass 4 123 0 0 4 * 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 5 416 0 * 4 * 

327213 Glass Containers 7 461 0 * 6 * 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 3 289 0 * 2 * 327310 Cements 24 810 0 * 15 * 

327410 Lime 5 55 0 * 3 0 327420 Gypsum 6 138 0 * 6 * 327993 Mineral Wool 3 129 0 * 2 * 

331 Primary Metals 159 10,918 0 * 70 * 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 113 6,305 0 * 43 * 
3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 4 481 0 * 2 * 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 20 1,547 0 * 14 * 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 1 24 0 * * * 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 9 579 0 * 7 * 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 5 281 0 * 4 * 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 14 1,573 0 * 7 * 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 1 123 0 0 * * 

3315 Foundries 8 1,012 0 * 4 * 

331511 Iron Foundries 3 464 0 * 1 * 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 1 93 0 0 1 * 331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 1 82 0 * * * 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 47 6,099 0 * 23 * 333 Machinery 15 2,219 * * 6 * 334 Computer and Electronic Products 24 4,350 * * 8 *

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 6 1,020 * * 2 *

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 12 1,527 0 * 6 * 

336 Transportation Equipment 34 Q * * 16 * 

336111 Automobiles * 1 0 0 * 0

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles * 1 0 0 * 0

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 9 845 * * 6 * 

336411 Aircraft 1 169 0 * 1 * 

337 Furniture and Related Products 5 577 0 * 2 * 

339 Miscellaneous 17 2,168 0 * 8 * 

Total 1,223 73,182 1 3 496 2 

Midwest Census Region

311 Food 487 33,101 * * 295 * 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 189 10,506 * * 112 * 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 100 5,563 0 * 55 * 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 36 608 * * 8 * 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 33 3,657 0 * 19 * 

3115 Dairy Product 48 4,353 * * 31 * 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 89 7,588 * * 59 * 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 29 1,480 * * 12 * 

3121 Beverages 29 1,479 * * 12 * 

3122 Tobacco * 1 0 0 * 0

313 Textile Mills 2 301 0 * 1 * 314 Textile Product Mills 1 143 0 0 * 0 315 Apparel * 70 0 0 * 0 316 Leather and Allied Products 1 107 0 * 1 * 

321 Wood Products 39 3,001 * Q 10 * 

321113 Sawmills 6 448 * * 1 * 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 12 771 0 * 4 * 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 8 519 0 * 3 * 

3219 Other Wood Products 19 1,741 0 Q 5 * 

322 Paper 274 13,496 * * 107 * 

322110 Pulp Mills 2 249 0 * 1 * 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 172 5,212 * * 52 * 

322122 Newsprint Mills 0 0 0 0 0 0

322130 Paperboard Mills 54 2,779 * * 27 * 

323 Printing and Related Support 26 3,786 0 * 13 * 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 792 10,453 * 1 131 1 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 484 9,786 0 * 113 1 
324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 126 257 * * 10 * 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials D 275 * * 4 * 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 3 194 0 * 2 * 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products D ‐59 0 * 2 * 

325 Chemicals 993 38,470 D * 619 29 

325110 Petrochemicals * 3 0 * * *

325120 Industrial Gases 26 6,549 0 0 6 * 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 48 3,783 D * 21 * 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 416 9,712 0 * 315 * 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 7 287 0 * 2 * 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 72 4,011 0 * 40 D 325211 Plastics Materials and Resins D D 0 * 31 D 

325212 Synthetic Rubber 2 178 0 * 1 * 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 1 74 0 0 * * 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 142 1,774 0 * D *

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers * 8 0 * * * 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 35 3,305 0 * 20 * 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 24 2,130 0 * 14 * 

325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals * 52 0 * * * 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 110 21,719 0 * 34 * 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 238 11,435 0 1 87 * 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 9 285 0 * 7 * 

327211 Flat Glass 16 462 0 * 14 * 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 10 496 0 * 8 * 

327213 Glass Containers 15 945 0 * 11 * 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 9 1,721 0 * 3 * 327310 Cements 76 3,096 0 * 6 * 

327410 Lime 46 467 0 * 9 * 327420 Gypsum 10 264 0 * 9 * 327993 Mineral Wool 13 1,292 0 * 8 * 

331 Primary Metals 846 41,574 * D 340 * 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 675 20,012 * D 260 * 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 22 2,294 0 * 13 * 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 62 8,608 0 * 28 * 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 9 300 0 * 8 * 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 19 1,564 0 * 13 * 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 8 698 0 * 5 * 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 28 4,097 0 * 11 * 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 12 2,472 0 * 3 * 

3315 Foundries 59 6,563 * * 27 * 

331511 Iron Foundries 28 3,252 0 * 8 * 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 14 1,348 * * 9 * 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 5 458 0 * 3 * 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 124 18,470 0 * 56 * 

333 Machinery 73 9,656 0 * 35 1 334 Computer and Electronic Products 15 3,191 0 * 4 * 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 5 1,172 0 * 1 * 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 27 3,786 * * 12 * 

336 Transportation Equipment 184 24,909 0 D 88 D 

336111 Automobiles 21 2,026 0 * 12 * 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 25 2,259 0 * 16 * 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 18 2,405 0 * 8 * 

336411 Aircraft 4 528 0 * 2 * 
337 Furniture and Related Products 18 1,813 0 * 8 * 

339 Miscellaneous 22 3,343 0 * 9 * 

Total 4,300 244,303 D 4 1,861 D 

South Census Region

311 Food 308 23,365 * * 157 1 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 44 2,848 * * 24 * 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 9 358 0 * 2 * 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 48 266 * * 10 * 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 23 1,871 0 * 16 * 

3115 Dairy Product 19 2,365 0 * 10 * 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 111 9,706 0 * 59 * 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 52 7,631 * * 23 * 

3121 Beverages 46 6,895 0 * 20 * 

3122 Tobacco 6 736 * * 4 * 

313 Textile Mills 53 9,776 * * 16 * 314 Textile Product Mills 17 2,231 0 * 9 * 315 Apparel 3 451 0 * 1 * 316 Leather and Allied Products * 53 0 0 * * 

321 Wood Products 217 12,741 * 1 38 * 

321113 Sawmills 101 5,678 * * 13 * 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 70 4,001 * * 18 * 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 42 2,734 * * 12 * 

3219 Other Wood Products 41 2,773 0 * 6 * 

322 Paper 1,413 24,737 1 1 319 * 

322110 Pulp Mills D 1,005 * * 34 * 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 352 7,240 * * 90 * 

322122 Newsprint Mills 23 2,032 0 * 4 * 

322130 Paperboard Mills 743 9,916 * * 168 * 

323 Printing and Related Support 21 3,887 0 * 7 * 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 2,224 30,130 * D 622 D 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 1,913 28,203 0 D 581 D 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 172 561 * 1 14 * 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 114 440 0 * 6 * 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 22 1,082 0 * 17 * 324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 4 ‐157 0 * 3 * 

325 Chemicals 5,806 85,109 D 1 2,296 853 

325110 Petrochemicals 1,460 6,926 0 * 295 386 

325120 Industrial Gases 214 D 0 * D * 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 429 21,063 D * 209 16 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 15 428 0 * 13 * 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 220 2,738 0 * 109 19 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 1,228 12,718 * Q 487 D 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 1,521 D 0 D 404 D 

325212 Synthetic Rubber 35 1,179 0 * 17 1 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 32 2,576 0 * 22 * 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 459 2,873 0 * 432 * 325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers D D * D D * 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 39 3,369 0 * 14 * 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 25 1,892 0 * 6 * 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 2 283 0 * 1 * 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 102 19,490 * * 31 * 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 342 16,443 * 1 151 * 
327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 30 1,193 0 * 23 * 

327211 Flat Glass 21 667 0 * 17 * 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 15 1,144 0 * 10 * 

327213 Glass Containers 19 1,159 0 * 15 * 

327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 8 1,351 0 * 3 * 327310 Cements 132 5,251 0 * 26 * 

327410 Lime 40 676 0 * 5 * 327420 Gypsum 31 890 0 * 27 * 327993 Mineral Wool 13 1,170 0 * 8 *

331 Primary Metals 417 48,372 0 D 207 * 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 231 25,978 0 D 117 * 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 25 3,953 0 * 9 * 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 108 11,518 0 * 62 * 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 10 225 0 * 8 * 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 40 2,789 0 * 29 * 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 9 691 0 * 6 * 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 34 4,521 0 * 10 * 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 17 3,001 0 * 1 * 

3315 Foundries 19 2,404 0 * 9 *

331511 Iron Foundries 8 1,348 0 * 2 * 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 5 436 0 * 4 * 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 2 155 0 * 1 * 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 59 7,388 0 * 31 * 333 Machinery 52 10,446 0 * 15 * 

334 Computer and Electronic Products 33 6,895 0 * 9 * 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 18 4,022 0 * 4 * 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 39 4,336 0 * 14 * 

336 Transportation Equipment 105 16,718 * D 39 D 

336111 Automobiles 12 1,749 0 * 5 * 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 16 1,975 0 * 9 * 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 18 3,449 0 * 5 * 

336411 Aircraft 7 1,345 0 * 1 * 

337 Furniture and Related Products 12 1,767 0 * 4 * 

339 Miscellaneous 17 3,052 0 * 6 * 

Total 11,292 335,017 D D 3,995 857 

West Census Region

311 Food 286 27,676 0 1 151 1 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 10 860 0 * 6 * 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 2 76 0 * 2 * 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 21 265 0 * 13 * 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 62 3,610 0 * 47 * 

3115 Dairy Product 40 3,328 0 * 26 * 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing Q Q 0 * 20 * 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 24 3,474 0 * 11 * 

3121 Beverages 24 3,472 0 * 11 * 

3122 Tobacco * 2 0 0 0 0

313 Textile Mills 2 234 0 0 1 * 314 Textile Product Mills Q 163 0 0 Q * 315 Apparel * 51 0 0 * * 316 Leather and Allied Products * 17 0 0 * * 

321 Wood Products 80 3,473 * * 12 * 

321113 Sawmills 46 708 0 * 3 * 
3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 27 1,668 0 * 7 * 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 10 840 0 * 3 * 

3219 Other Wood Products 6 993 0 * 2 * 

322 Paper 160 8,334 * * 52 * 

322110 Pulp Mills 7 88 * 0 0 0 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 54 2,084 0 * 27 * 

322122 Newsprint Mills 11 2,915 0 * 1 * 

322130 Paperboard Mills 76 2,160 * * 17 * 

323 Printing and Related Support 4 782 0 * 1 * 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 965 8,841 * D 247 D 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 842 8,389 * D 235 D 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 86 280 * * 8 * 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials D 124 0 * 2 * 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 1 19 0 0 1 * 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products D 30 0 * * * 

325 Chemicals 170 11,992 0 * 88 * 

325110 Petrochemicals 0 0 0 0 0 0

325120 Industrial Gases 39 D 0 0 D * 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 66 3,254 0 * 18 * 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 14 412 0 * 12 * 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 3 8 0 * 2 *

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 7 738 0 * 4 * 325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 2 292 0 * 1 * 

325212 Synthetic Rubber * 12 0 0 * * 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments * 9 0 0 * *325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 13 459 0 * 11 * 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers D D 0 * D * 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 9 1,397 0 * 4 * 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 5 738 0 * 2 * 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 2 173 0 * 1 * 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 17 3,370 0 * Q *

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 179 6,199 0 1 49 * 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 2 78 0 * 2 * 

327211 Flat Glass 6 167 0 * 5 * 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 1 78 0 * 1 * 

327213 Glass Containers 12 882 0 * 9 * 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 2 313 0 * 1 * 327310 Cements 64 2,288 0 * 9 * 

327410 Lime 14 185 0 * * * 327420 Gypsum 11 250 0 * 9 * 327993 Mineral Wool 4 519 0 * 2 * 

331 Primary Metals 89 11,983 0 * 41 * 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 29 3,339 0 * 16 * 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 1 187 0 * * * 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 27 4,587 0 * 8 * 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 2 230 0 * 1 * 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 5 445 0 * 4 * 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 3 247 0 * 2 * 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 24 3,083 0 * 12 * 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 19 2,292 0 * 11 * 

3315 Foundries 8 787 0 * 4 * 

331511 Iron Foundries 2 132 0 * 1 * 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 2 200 0 * 1 * 
331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 1 93 0 * 1 * 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 27 4,325 0 * 11 * 333 Machinery 9 1,235 0 * 4 * 334 Computer and Electronic Products 39 7,785 0 * 11 * 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 25 5,398 0 * 7 * 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 7 1,397 0 * Q * 

336 Transportation Equipment 26 4,158 0 * 10 * 

336111 Automobiles 1 250 0 * * * 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles * 3 0 0 * *

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 20 2,978 0 * 9 * 

336411 Aircraft 5 680 0 * 2 * 

337 Furniture and Related Products 3 514 0 0 1 * 

339 Miscellaneous 5 1,007 0 * 1 * 

Total 2,092 107,011 1 D 701 D 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) Total is the sum of all of the listed energy sources, including Other, minus the Shipments of Energy Sources Produced Onsite. It is the total amount of first use of energy for all (fuel and nonfuel) purpo

(c) Net Electricity is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred out. It does not include electricity inpu

generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been included as generating fuel (for example, coal).

(d) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.

(e) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, gas brokers, marketers, and any marketing subsid

(f) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐butane mixtures, and isobutane produced at refineries or 

plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).

(g) Other includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to produce heat and power or as feedstock/ra

(h) Shipments of Energy Sources Produced Onsite are those shipments produced or transformed onsite from the nonfuel use of other energy sources. For example, at an establishment that processes co

quantity of coal is counted as first use. Any onsite consumption of coke is not counted as first use because it would duplicate the coal use. If some of the coke is then sold to another establishment, that sec

to be a shipment of an offsite‐produced energy source. Hence, the second establishment will count this coke as its first use, thereby resulting in double counting. In order to eliminate the double counting, 

shipment must be subtracted from first use.

(i) Previously, the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) had accounted for energy consumed in petroleum refineries by measuring their own fuel use, assuming shipments of fuel products w

that use them, and assigning the heat equivalent of the nonfuel products to the petroleum refinery (for a more detailed explanation see, Feedstock and Offsite‐Produced Fuel at Petroleum Refineries). Start

began collecting asphalt and petrochemical feedstock data from establishments that use those nonfuel products. These data are included in the Other column. However, other Miscellaneous Nonfuel Produ

special naphthas) from refineries, and used elsewhere throughout the manufacturing sector as energy are not collected on the MECS. An estimate of the Miscellaneous Nonfuel Products used in manufactu

Supplied for Crude Oil and Petroleum Products data.

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.

NA=Not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The derived estimates presented in this table are for the first use (formerly primary consumption) of energy for heat 

material inputs. First use is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. Examples of the latter are hy

brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; wood chips, bark, and wood waste from wood purchased as a raw material input; and waste materials, such as wastepaper and packing materials. First 

produced from other energy inputs and, therefore, avoids double counting.

Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey, and Office of Energy Production, Con

Monthly Refinery Report for 2018.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20‐260).

Released: February 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2022.

RSE Table 1.1 Relative Standard Errors for Table 1.1;

Unit: Percents

NAICS Net Residual Distillate Natural HGL (excluding 

Code(a) Subsector and Industry Total(b) Electricity(c) Fuel Oil Fuel Oil(d) Gas(e) natural gasoline)(f) 

Total United States

311 Food 5.1 11.4 2.2 27.5 4.5 18.2 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 2.4 1.9 15.8 6.8 3.5 15.0 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 3.2 6.1 0.0 7.0 3.2 5.8 

3115 Dairy Product 2.4 3.3 28.5 32.4 2.4 12.9 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 14.8 31.0 0.0 13.3 6.1 22.0 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 12.0 15.5 0.0 29.3 8.5 11.2 

3121 Beverages 12.8 16.3 0.0 31.3 9.2 12.8 

3122 Tobacco 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

313 Textile Mills 6.4 6.1 78.4 24.0 12.7 25.0 314 Textile Product Mills 9.7 7.9 X 28.1 13.5 29.1 

315 Apparel 10.0 11.3 X 51.8 14.0 42.2 316 Leather and Allied Products 7.7 5.1 X 4.0 11.5 31.1 

321 Wood Products 4.0 3.0 0.5 29.8 10.1 6.0 

321113 Sawmills 5.2 7.0 7.7 3.6 36.2 8.6 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 1.0 1.2 0.0 3.2 1.2 3.1 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.5 1.5 0.0 2.6 0.9 5.9 

3219 Other Wood Products 16.2 5.7 85.9 65.7 14.7 15.0 

322 Paper 0.4 1.4 0.0 0.7 1.0 11.0 

322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

323 Printing and Related Support 7.7 7.8 50.9 43.0 9.9 20.7 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 0.5 0.5 8.9 8.7 0.4 5.6 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 4.6 8.7 29.3 14.9 3.8 35.8 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 1.5 1.7 0.0 0.9 1.1 2.6 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 18.0 19.1 X 60.7 21.2 40.2 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325 Chemicals 1.3 1.5 0.1 28.8 2.0 1.4 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 325120 Industrial Gases 5.4 3.8 X 0.0 6.4 70.2 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 6.4 2.0 0.1 3.0 13.8 0.1 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 1.2 1.9 X 2.8 1.5 1.6 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 
325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 4.6 5.9 0.0 58.8 5.8 5.8 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 2.1 3.4 X D 1.0 D 

325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 4.0 12.5 X 2.7 D 37.4 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0.0 D 0.0 D 0.0 0.0 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 5.9 2.9 X 2.4 5.1 25.5 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 9.6 1.7 X 2.9 9.5 30.1 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.4 1.5 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 7.7 7.7 72.4 73.7 14.1 17.3 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 3.5 2.5 97.3 16.7 1.7 27.4 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 2.0 3.6 X 2.2 2.2 5.5 

327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 0.6 0.8 X 0.7 0.7 27.3 

327213 Glass Containers 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 0.9 1.4 X 26.0 1.0 1.9 

327310 Cements 0.4 0.3 X 0.3 1.2 1.1 327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

327420 Gypsum 1.0 2.0 X 47.3 0.5 1.4 327993 Mineral Wool 0.7 0.4 X 0.1 1.0 6.1 

331 Primary Metals 0.3 1.1 0.3 0.9 0.2 2.2 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 9.4 17.6 X 11.1 3.8 15.4 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0.2 0.1 X 0.7 0.4 1.0 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 2.1 1.5 X 2.8 2.3 1.1 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 0.6 1.2 X 0.3 0.4 2.3 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 1.0 0.9 X 5.2 1.3 2.0 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0.7 0.6 X 0.2 1.2 3.1 

3315 Foundries 0.9 0.9 89.7 1.6 0.9 1.7 

331511 Iron Foundries 1.7 1.5 X 0.8 1.9 4.2 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 1.3 1.2 89.7 5.6 1.6 1.4 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 0.9 1.1 X 1.4 1.2 2.9 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 11.3 10.0 X 58.9 16.0 19.1 

333 Machinery 11.9 17.2 99.0 29.7 12.9 26.6 334 Computer and Electronic Products 7.2 6.7 0.0 57.2 11.4 48.0 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 3.3 3.3 0.0 1.2 3.7 13.2 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 10.2 8.8 47.2 23.6 15.1 24.5 

336 Transportation Equipment 7.9 9.2 10.2 26.3 8.4 12.5 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 2.9 4.2 0.0 3.9 2.6 10.3 

336411 Aircraft 5.6 10.0 X 8.0 1.6 52.7 

337 Furniture and Related Products 11.3 8.6 X 60.4 12.4 24.6 339 Miscellaneous 12.2 11.1 X 59.5 17.5 44.9 

Subtotal 0.7 1.8 0.6 8.0 1.1 1.4 Miscellaneous Nonfuel Products(i) 0 X X X X X 

Total 0.7 1.8 0.6 8.0 1.1 1.4 
Northeast Census Region

311 Food 10.1 11.7 0.0 88.2 9.8 15.3 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 2.3 5.2 X 71.1 0.9 0.0 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 0.0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 10.5 6.5 0.0 16.0 13.5 14.9 

3115 Dairy Product 5.1 4.8 0.0 14.6 6.5 10.2 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 2.5 3.0 X 2.3 2.2 35.1 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 5.0 7.1 0.0 50.3 4.3 28.1 

3121 Beverages 5.3 7.2 0.0 50.9 4.7 28.3 

3122 Tobacco 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

313 Textile Mills 8.5 6.2 X 59.3 13.1 3.7 314 Textile Product Mills 31.0 32.0 X 62.8 41.4 54.9 

315 Apparel 27.8 30.5 X X 36.6 68.3 316 Leather and Allied Products 11.0 8.7 X 2.4 15.1 9.1 

321 Wood Products 8.3 8.5 0.4 16.9 18.6 7.3 

321113 Sawmills 1.2 1.9 0.0 4.0 9.7 7.1 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 0.1 1.4 0.0 7.1 1.2 9.3 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3219 Other Wood Products 33.5 15.4 85.9 44.2 33.2 44.2 

322 Paper 2.3 9.0 0.0 8.0 4.4 29.9 

322110 Pulp Mills D 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 322122 Newsprint Mills X X X X X X 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

323 Printing and Related Support 21.1 21.9 50.9 53.9 28.9 61.4 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 1.9 0.6 3.5 15.5 1.2 1.2 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 5.6 5.9 3.7 17.0 5.7 5.0 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 1.2 3.8 X 25.5 1.6 2.2 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325 Chemicals 7.8 4.4 0.0 3.0 10.6 18.3 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325120 Industrial Gases 9.3 11.4 X X 32.4 85.5 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 8.6 1.8 X 5.1 17.7 16.7 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 X 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.3 19.5 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins D 1.9 X 55.5 2.4 8.1 

325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X 0.0 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 1.3 2.8 X 3.6 1.2 46.2 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 2.3 4.0 X 3.8 1.7 50.1 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
326 Plastics and Rubber Products 30.8 32.0 X 87.7 45.9 63.8 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 7.2 14.7 X 47.5 3.1 30.3 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 3.5 4.1 X 0.1 5.9 8.2 327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 0.0 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 1.5 1.6 X 2.7 1.8 65.7 

327213 Glass Containers 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 0.7 1.3 X 53.7 0.8 2.9 

327310 Cements 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 X 

327420 Gypsum 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 327993 Mineral Wool 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

331 Primary Metals 0.2 0.6 X 0.4 0.3 5.5 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 6.0 7.9 X 6.6 2.5 38.7 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 1.7 2.9 X 0.0 2.2 12.4 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 0.0 

3315 Foundries 1.8 2.1 X 5.4 1.8 2.6 

331511 Iron Foundries 1.4 1.1 X 2.1 1.4 1.0 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 5.9 12.4 X X 3.2 1.2 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 1.7 3.1 X 6.3 1.2 6.6 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 33.9 26.9 X 91.6 46.8 52.8 

333 Machinery 19.6 21.1 99.0 54.9 24.9 37.3 334 Computer and Electronic Products 13.4 12.3 0.0 67.0 18.8 51.8 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 2.4 2.2 0.0 0.6 2.3 0.0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 29.7 25.1 X 42.8 38.2 41.9 

336 Transportation Equipment 36.9 53.8 60.3 22.6 23.8 12.4 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 X 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 X 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 1.9 5.2 0.0 0.1 1.1 2.3 

336411 Aircraft 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

337 Furniture and Related Products 25.9 25.0 X 98.9 36.2 53.4 339 Miscellaneous 35.6 36.7 X 67.3 41.5 55.9 

Total 2.5 5.2 5.3 28.3 3.8 8.7 

Midwest Census Region

311 Food 4.7 4.2 5.7 11.1 6.5 30.7 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 3.0 1.9 48.4 7.3 4.5 22.0 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 9.5 15.6 X 15.4 9.4 7.4 

3115 Dairy Product 3.7 4.5 67.2 20.5 4.0 50.2 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 6.5 3.5 0.0 28.7 8.9 16.6 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 38.3 4.7 0.0 6.2 6.2 26.7 

3121 Beverages 38.3 4.7 0.0 6.2 6.2 26.7 
3122 Tobacco 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 X 

313 Textile Mills 10.0 12.7 X 94.8 13.1 33.0 314 Textile Product Mills 46.2 41.4 X X 57.4 X 

315 Apparel 41.5 40.9 X X 61.2 X 316 Leather and Allied Products 12.6 7.8 X 28.3 17.2 48.1 321 Wood Products 10.9 6.9 86.3 79.6 6.2 18.6 

321113 Sawmills 3.3 9.7 86.3 6.2 4.7 20.8 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 9.8 1.1 X 2.1 2.2 10.5 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.4 0.8 X 0.0 0.5 7.2 

3219 Other Wood Products 21.5 11.6 X 95.8 12.0 25.5 

322 Paper 2.1 4.6 0.0 0.5 3.9 21.7 

322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 322122 Newsprint Mills X X X X X X 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

323 Printing and Related Support 12.7 12.5 X 18.7 14.4 35.9 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 1.5 0.1 0.0 2.8 0.3 1.2 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 9.5 2.6 0.0 4.0 3.8 30.3 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials D 3.4 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.8 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 3.3 3.6 X 0.2 3.8 9.3 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products D 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325 Chemicals 3.1 2.6 D 4.4 4.2 0.6 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 325120 Industrial Gases 3.5 3.2 X X 9.0 25.8 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 1.1 0.7 D 6.9 2.0 4.6 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 1.3 2.1 X 2.9 1.6 1.7 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 12.7 5.5 X 10.0 20.4 D 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins D D X 10.9 6.1 D 

325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 0.0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 0.1 0.1 X 2.5 D 39.4 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 10.6 8.4 X 13.5 15.0 37.8 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 12.5 1.9 X 15.9 20.1 40.1 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 13.6 12.8 X 59.1 23.7 25.8 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 1.9 4.0 X 38.3 2.6 32.7 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 2.9 3.6 X 5.0 3.4 13.8 

327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 0.9 0.9 X 0.8 1.0 8.0 

327213 Glass Containers 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 1.9 2.6 X 0.5 2.5 8.2 

327310 Cements 0.1 0.1 X 0.1 0.1 0.0 327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

327420 Gypsum 0.3 2.2 X 0.0 0.2 1.5 327993 Mineral Wool 0.5 0.7 X 0.0 0.5 3.2 
331 Primary Metals 0.1 0.2 0.3 D 0.2 2.1 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 0.0 D 0.0 0.0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 2.6 1.8 X 5.3 3.7 17.8 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0.4 0.2 X 1.1 0.8 3.8 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 2.6 3.3 X 2.6 2.7 6.8 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 1.7 2.5 X 0.4 1.2 4.6 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 1.6 0.9 X 13.0 3.1 0.7 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3315 Foundries 1.3 1.3 89.7 1.4 1.4 2.1 

331511 Iron Foundries 2.4 2.2 X 1.3 2.9 5.6 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 2.0 1.5 89.7 7.0 2.4 2.5 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 1.3 1.5 X 0.0 1.7 0.8 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 15.7 15.6 X 77.8 21.4 21.4 

333 Machinery 14.2 13.9 X 35.1 17.9 41.2 334 Computer and Electronic Products 15.2 16.0 X 17.8 22.7 87.3 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 11.6 11.5 X 6.6 12.2 53.0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 26.2 21.7 47.2 44.6 35.2 33.4 

336 Transportation Equipment 12.9 15.4 X D 13.0 D 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 2.0 2.5 X 0.0 2.4 31.5 

336411 Aircraft 1.6 1.6 X 0.0 1.3 81.1 

337 Furniture and Related Products 19.6 15.5 X 88.7 16.5 31.9 

339 Miscellaneous 15.1 15.4 X 29.1 19.9 72.8 

Total 1.3 2.5 D 18.8 2.1 D 

South Census Region

311 Food 4.9 5.8 1.4 14.2 6.2 17.7 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 2.6 6.1 16.7 1.6 1.9 35.1 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 4.4 5.6 X 3.7 4.9 17.6 

3115 Dairy Product 10.1 12.5 X 53.5 9.2 0.4 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 6.0 4.2 X 17.6 4.7 28.7 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 17.0 28.4 0.0 5.4 18.7 10.0 

3121 Beverages 19.3 31.5 X 6.9 22.1 17.1 

3122 Tobacco 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

313 Textile Mills 7.6 6.7 78.4 25.5 17.2 50.3 314 Textile Product Mills 11.5 9.4 X 31.5 15.6 34.0 

315 Apparel 12.4 15.6 X 51.8 11.8 45.0 316 Leather and Allied Products 9.8 12.6 X X 4.8 45.9 

321 Wood Products 6.6 4.6 2.4 7.8 17.0 15.5 

321113 Sawmills 8.3 8.8 83.8 6.9 46.5 19.3 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 0.8 1.7 0.0 3.4 1.4 3.3 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 1.0 2.3 0.0 4.8 1.5 9.3 

3219 Other Wood Products 28.1 11.0 X 27.2 34.1 27.8 

322 Paper 0.4 2.6 0.0 0.1 1.2 14.2 
322110 Pulp Mills D 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

323 Printing and Related Support 15.3 16.0 X 46.1 19.7 26.0 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 0.7 0.9 20.3 D 0.7 D 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 0.0 X D 0.0 D 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 8.4 20.4 20.3 34.1 9.7 34.5 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 3.2 2.8 X 1.2 2.3 7.7 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 21.5 23.6 X 72.2 24.9 42.7 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325 Chemicals 1.5 2.3 D 34.2 2.4 1.5 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325120 Industrial Gases 7.3 D X 0.0 D 65.1 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 8.2 2.9 D 4.7 16.8 0.1 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 5.1 8.6 0.0 61.0 6.7 D 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 2.3 D X D 1.0 D 325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 5.3 22.4 X 5.7 4.9 52.1 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers D D 0.0 D D 0.0 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 14.7 2.0 X 0.6 2.0 1.4 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 22.4 2.5 X 1.0 3.8 2.0 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0.9 0.9 X 7.0 1.4 1.6 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 14.5 15.0 72.4 79.8 21.8 22.7 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 1.4 2.7 97.3 20.9 2.1 28.5 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 2.9 5.3 X 3.1 3.0 7.2 

327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 0.9 1.0 X 0.0 1.2 33.2 

327213 Glass Containers 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 1.2 1.8 X 33.6 0.9 1.7 

327310 Cements 0.8 0.7 X 0.0 2.6 0.0 327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

327420 Gypsum 1.0 3.3 X 1.7 0.9 2.2 327993 Mineral Wool 0.3 0.7 X 0.1 0.2 11.9 

331 Primary Metals 1.2 2.5 X D 0.4 6.8 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 X D 0.0 0.0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 19.7 30.7 X 20.0 9.0 42.7 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0.4 0.1 X 1.3 0.6 0.9 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 3.9 2.5 X 6.3 4.2 1.0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 0.5 1.4 X 1.3 0.4 2.7 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 2.0 1.6 X 0.0 2.3 8.9 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3315 Foundries 0.9 1.4 X 3.4 0.8 4.2 

331511 Iron Foundries 1.6 2.3 X 1.5 1.4 7.6 
331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 1.4 1.3 X 0.0 1.6 1.9 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 0.7 2.2 X 0.0 0.1 20.9 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 26.1 21.4 X 46.7 34.7 38.4 

333 Machinery 28.3 37.3 X 75.6 29.2 41.2 334 Computer and Electronic Products 21.0 19.2 X 2.0 33.9 40.2 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 2.3 2.9 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 13.3 13.7 X 36.9 16.9 28.3 

336 Transportation Equipment 10.4 9.4 3.5 D 15.5 D 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 10.4 11.3 X 26.2 14.0 5.2 

336411 Aircraft 13.3 19.9 X 0.0 5.4 26.1 

337 Furniture and Related Products 20.0 16.9 X 42.9 30.3 24.7 

339 Miscellaneous 20.8 18.2 X 56.7 33.4 67.6 

Total 0.9 2.0 D D 1.5 1.5 

West Census Region

311 Food 18.5 37.2 X 28.3 13.2 44.8 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 4.6 7.5 X 0.0 6.1 43.1 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 3.5 5.0 X 17.5 3.8 7.4 

3115 Dairy Product 2.5 2.9 X 35.2 2.7 27.1 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 60.3 73.8 X 10.8 32.4 59.3 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 6.2 10.3 X 25.4 5.5 20.7 

3121 Beverages 6.2 10.3 X 25.4 5.5 20.7 

3122 Tobacco 0.0 0.0 X X X X 

313 Textile Mills 9.8 15.7 X X 12.5 73.6 314 Textile Product Mills 50.3 42.1 X X 57.0 92.2 

315 Apparel 23.1 25.5 X X 31.1 32.2 316 Leather and Allied Products 7.9 7.6 X X 10.6 33.4 

321 Wood Products 1.3 4.7 0.0 3.4 4.4 10.7 

321113 Sawmills 0.5 6.2 X 1.5 1.4 18.5 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 1.2 2.7 X 6.7 3.2 6.1 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.3 1.0 X 0.0 0.1 7.7 

3219 Other Wood Products 14.5 15.0 X 27.4 20.8 25.1 

322 Paper 1.3 3.6 0.0 4.4 2.5 26.4 

322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

323 Printing and Related Support 23.2 23.8 X 99.0 31.4 44.5 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 1.0 0.3 10.6 D 0.1 D 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 0.0 0.0 D 0.0 D 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 11.1 10.4 58.9 9.8 4.2 53.8 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials D 3.1 X 19.9 0.5 1.5 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 0.0 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products D 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 
325 Chemicals 1.9 4.7 X 1.5 1.1 39.1 

325110 Petrochemicals X X X X X X 325120 Industrial Gases 1.6 D X X D 95.1 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 3.0 1.3 X 2.2 2.6 12.3 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 3.6 4.2 X 4.3 4.0 13.2 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 1.5 0.8 X 15.9 2.9 4.7 

325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 0.0 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 0.0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 6.9 8.6 X 14.5 6.2 37.8 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers D D X 0.0 D 0.0 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 6.3 6.5 X 15.0 6.9 41.8 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 9.2 8.3 X 17.9 11.9 46.1 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0.1 0.1 X 0.0 0.1 0.0 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 32.1 32.6 X 99.0 62.0 40.8 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 16.2 8.9 X 31.9 8.7 65.5 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 1.3 2.0 X 2.8 1.3 3.9 

327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 2.7 11.1 X 84.4 2.1 12.0 

327213 Glass Containers 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 1.8 1.8 X 0.0 2.8 4.2 

327310 Cements 0.4 0.7 X 1.7 0.2 23.8 327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

327420 Gypsum 4.6 2.5 X 78.4 0.1 0.1 

327993 Mineral Wool 5.3 1.3 X 0.0 8.3 4.1 

331 Primary Metals 0.6 0.6 X 3.7 0.8 3.6 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 6.6 7.8 X 1.9 15.9 1.5 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0.3 0.2 X 0.0 0.4 3.6 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 2.5 4.4 X 0.0 1.7 5.6 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 2.0 2.1 X 21.9 2.4 4.6 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 1.8 1.9 X 0.9 1.8 23.5 

3315 Foundries 1.4 1.8 X 5.3 1.6 11.7 

331511 Iron Foundries 0.7 0.5 X 0.0 0.3 47.9 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 3.1 1.3 X 0.0 4.1 9.8 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 5.0 2.5 X 64.2 6.5 0.4 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 30.0 27.9 X 70.3 37.4 43.0 

333 Machinery 31.1 23.7 X 73.8 47.4 58.1 334 Computer and Electronic Products 7.5 6.7 X 10.4 12.1 68.8 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 6.3 6.3 X 5.2 7.3 5.3 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 29.4 22.5 X 96.8 53.3 80.5 

336 Transportation Equipment 7.5 11.1 X 1.6 5.0 23.0 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 0.0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 1.6 2.4 X 1.8 1.7 2.5 
336411 Aircraft 4.1 6.7 X 14.1 2.7 12.1 

337 Furniture and Related Products 28.4 26.7 X X 44.0 52.5 

339 Miscellaneous 22.7 23.5 X 74.5 32.6 48.6 

Total 3.0 9.8 6.7 D 3.0 D 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) Total is the sum of all of the listed energy sources, including Other, minus the Shipments of Energy Sources Produced Onsite. It is the total amount of first use of energy for all (fue

(c) Net Electricity is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred out. It does not i

or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been included as generating fuel (for example, coal).

(d) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.

(e) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, gas brokers, marketers, and 

(f) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐butane mixtures, and isobutane prod

including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).

(g) Other includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to produce heat and pow

Footnote i.

(h) Shipments of Energy Sources Produced Onsite are those shipments produced or transformed onsite from the nonfuel use of other energy sources. For example, at an establishme

the entire quantity of coal is counted as first use. Any onsite consumption of coke is not counted as first use because it would duplicate the coal use. If some of the coke is then sold to 

will consider this coke to be a shipment of an offsite‐produced energy source. Hence, the second establishment will count this coke as its first use, thereby resulting in double counting

energy equivalent of the coke shipment must be subtracted from first use.

(i) Previously, the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) had accounted for energy consumed in petroleum refineries by measuring their own fuel use, assuming shipme

industries that use them, and assigning the heat equivalent of the nonfuel products to the petroleum refinery (for a more detailed explanation see, Feedstock and Offsite‐Produced Fue

MECS, however, EIA began collecting asphalt and petrochemical feedstock data from establishments that use those nonfuel products. These data are included in the Other column. Ho

lubricants, solvents, waxes, and special naphthas) from refineries, and used elsewhere throughout the manufacturing sector as energy are not collected on the MECS. An estimate of t

manufacturing was derived using EIA's U.S. Product Supplied for Crude Oil and Petroleum Products data.

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.

X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a data table value of zero.

NA=Not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The derived estimates presented in this table are for the first use (formerly primary consumptio

or raw material inputs. First use is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. 

from the electrolysis of brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; wood chips, bark, and wood waste from wood purchased as a raw material input; and waste materials, suc

excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other energy inputs and, therefore, avoids double counting.

Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey, and Office of E

EIA‐810, Monthly Refinery Report for 2018.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CB