Centralized

System

Distributed

System

Combination 

Centralized and

Distributed

Systems

Centralized

System

Distributed

System

Combination 

Centralized and

Distributed

Systems

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,472 2,513 785 175 64,783 56,478 34,671 11,540 10,267

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ................................... 2,552 1,715 1,267 418 Q 6,789 4,759 3,452 1,206 Q

5,001 to 10,000 ................................. 889 725 557 150 Q 6,585 5,348 4,154 1,057 Q

10,001 to 25,000 ............................... 738 607 429 133 44 11,535 9,562 6,649 2,205 708

25,001 to 50,000 ............................... 241 217 144 43 31 8,668 7,734 5,130 1,524 1,081

50,001 to 100,000 ............................. 129 119 70 27 22 9,057 8,412 5,020 1,853 1,538

100,001 to 200,000 ........................... 65 60 31 11 18 9,064 8,300 4,214 1,702 2,384

200,001 to 500,000 ........................... 25 23 13 3 7 7,176 6,680 3,584 900 2,196

Over 500,000 .................................... 7 6 3 1 2 5,908 5,683 2,469 1,093 2,121

Principal Building Activity

Education .......................................... 386 298 184 81 34 9,874 9,481 5,343 1,766 2,372

Food Sales ....................................... 226 186 148 Q Q 1,255 1,130 844 Q Q

Food Service ..................................... 297 297 237 46 Q 1,654 1,654 1,291 226 Q

Health Care ....................................... 129 127 103 14 9 3,163 3,160 2,001 247 912

 Inpatient .......................................... 8 8 4 Q 3 1,905 1,905 1,041 Q 755

 Outpatient ....................................... 121 119 100 Q Q 1,258 1,255 960 Q Q

Lodging ............................................. 142 142 110 16 16 5,096 5,096 3,660 302 1,135

Retail (Other Than Mall)..................... 443 314 227 77 Q 4,317 3,459 2,240 902 Q

Office ................................................ 824 733 533 166 34 12,208 11,804 6,899 2,237 2,667

Public Assembly ............................... 277 227 165 54 7 3,939 3,632 2,380 932 320

Public Order and Safety .................... 71 70 59 Q Q 1,090 957 663 Q Q

Religious Worship ............................. 370 315 221 78 16 3,754 3,512 2,352 835 325

Service .............................................. 622 418 281 126 Q 4,050 3,320 1,989 1,025 Q

Warehouse and Storage ................... 597 243 167 68 7 10,078 6,624 3,366 2,359 900

Other ................................................ 79 55 36 Q 6 1,738 1,630 908 Q 494

Vacant .............................................. 182 47 39 Q Q 2,567 1,020 734 Q Q

Year Constructed

Before 1920 ...................................... 330 266 193 65 8 3,769 3,353 2,102 810 442

1920 to 1945 ..................................... 527 367 255 89 23 6,871 5,292 3,251 1,130 912

1946 to 1959 ..................................... 562 416 302 93 20 7,045 5,924 3,536 1,282 1,106

1960 to 1969 ..................................... 579 444 317 106 21 8,101 7,202 4,446 1,604 1,152

1970 to 1979 ..................................... 731 582 446 109 27 10,772 9,787 6,608 1,383 1,796

1980 to 1989 ..................................... 707 531 389 120 22 10,332 9,420 5,489 1,883 2,048

1990 to 1999 ..................................... 876 642 446 155 41 12,360 10,816 6,203 2,677 1,937

2000 to 2003 ..................................... 334 224 165 48 12 5,533 4,683 3,037 771 875

Table B42. Water Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings and Floorspace for Non-Mall 

Buildings, 2003

Type of Water Heating 

Equipment

Type of Water Heating 

Equipment

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings*

Buildings 

with

Water 

Heating

All

Buildings*

Buildings

with 

Water 

Heating

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

Revised June 2006 212

Released: Dec 2006

Next CBECS will be conducted in 2007
Centralized

System

Distributed

System

Combination 

Centralized and

Distributed

Systems

Centralized

System

Distributed

System

Combination 

Centralized and

Distributed

Systems

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,472 2,513 785 175 64,783 56,478 34,671 11,540 10,267

Table B42. Water Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings and Floorspace for Non-Mall 

Buildings, 2003

Type of Water Heating 

Equipment

Type of Water Heating 

Equipment

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings*

Buildings 

with

Water 

Heating

All

Buildings*

Buildings

with 

Water 

Heating

Census Region and Division

Northeast .......................................... 726 600 480 97 22 12,905 11,789 7,770 2,325 1,695

 New England .................................. 233 188 154 29 5 2,964 2,724 1,839 Q 375

 Middle Atlantic ................................ 493 411 326 68 18 9,941 9,065 5,930 1,815 1,319

Midwest ............................................ 1,266 987 698 241 48 17,080 14,928 9,724 2,670 2,534

 East North Central .......................... 696 572 389 159 25 11,595 10,208 6,695 1,750 1,763

 West North Central ......................... 571 415 310 82 23 5,485 4,720 3,029 920 771

South ................................................ 1,775 1,217 854 304 60 23,489 19,913 11,537 4,564 3,812

 South Atlantic ................................. 874 643 455 153 35 12,258 10,714 5,649 2,432 2,633

 East South Central .......................... 348 227 174 38 14 3,393 2,858 1,890 469 499

 West South Central ......................... 553 347 224 113 10 7,837 6,341 3,998 1,664 679

West ................................................. 878 668 480 143 45 11,310 9,848 5,640 1,981 2,227

 Mountain ......................................... 299 256 189 46 21 3,675 3,422 1,928 566 928

 Pacific ............................................. 580 413 291 97 24 7,635 6,426 3,712 1,415 1,299

Climate Zone: 30-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ..................... 855 683 543 107 34 10,622 9,474 6,315 1,468 1,691

 5,500-7,000 HDD ............................ 1,173 926 647 225 54 17,335 15,160 9,553 2,954 2,654

 4,000-5,499 HDD ............................ 673 554 405 121 28 11,504 10,785 6,774 2,015 1,996

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 1,276 883 635 208 40 15,739 13,192 7,444 3,009 2,739

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 669 426 284 125 18 9,584 7,867 4,585 2,094 1,187

Number of Floors

One ................................................... 3,136 2,134 1,542 511 81 25,981 20,164 13,206 4,825 2,134

Two ................................................... 1,031 899 645 210 44 16,270 14,914 8,809 3,882 2,224

Three ................................................ 339 304 228 52 24 7,501 6,915 4,353 1,268 1,294

Four to Nine ...................................... 128 124 92 11 21 10,085 9,688 5,826 1,111 2,751

Ten or More ...................................... 12 11 6 1 4 4,947 4,796 2,477 454 1,865

Number of Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ..................................... 2,653 1,653 1,204 420 29 15,492 9,525 6,885 2,417 224

5 to 9 ................................................ 778 675 509 137 29 6,166 5,393 4,019 1,095 279

10 to 19 ............................................. 563 514 390 103 21 7,803 7,182 5,224 1,391 567

20 to 49 ............................................. 398 384 265 78 41 10,989 10,480 6,210 2,827 1,442

50 to 99 ............................................. 147 142 89 29 24 7,934 7,688 4,468 1,408 1,812

100 to 249 ......................................... 77 75 43 14 18 6,871 6,815 3,679 1,090 2,046

250 or More ...................................... 30 30 13 3 13 9,528 9,395 4,186 1,312 3,897

Weekly Operating Hours

Fewer than 40 ................................... 1,002 580 421 148 11 6,863 4,305 2,952 1,144 209

40 to 48 ............................................. 1,117 856 583 247 26 11,622 9,989 5,995 2,945 1,050

49 to 60 ............................................. 1,062 845 585 200 60 15,723 13,564 7,404 3,538 2,622

61 to 84 ............................................. 591 506 397 80 29 10,334 9,477 6,321 1,416 1,740

85 to 167 ........................................... 400 330 259 52 19 7,092 6,635 4,288 1,173 1,174

Open Continuously ........................... 475 356 268 58 30 13,149 12,508 7,712 1,324 3,473

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

Revised June 2006 213

CONTINUED
Centralized

System

Distributed

System

Combination 

Centralized and

Distributed

Systems

Centralized

System

Distributed

System

Combination 

Centralized and

Distributed

Systems

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,472 2,513 785 175 64,783 56,478 34,671 11,540 10,267

Table B42. Water Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings and Floorspace for Non-Mall 

Buildings, 2003

Type of Water Heating 

Equipment

Type of Water Heating 

Equipment

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings*

Buildings 

with

Water 

Heating

All

Buildings*

Buildings

with 

Water 

Heating

Multibuilding Facility

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ............................................. 3,169 2,505 1,882 517 107 40,048 35,302 22,726 6,725 5,851

College or University ......................... 83 64 45 10 9 3,480 3,372 2,303 410 659

Primary or Secondary School ........... 254 169 92 58 18 3,947 3,607 1,898 1,001 707

Office Complex ................................. 111 101 67 23 11 2,712 2,541 1,177 554 809

Retail Complex ................................. 151 87 64 Q Q 1,238 855 483 Q Q

Religious Campus or Complex .......... 195 169 126 33 Q 2,347 2,206 1,562 406 Q

Health Care Complex ........................ 39 37 27 Q 6 2,303 2,294 1,252 Q 843

Lodging or Resort Complex .............. 61 60 50 Q Q 912 909 652 Q Q

Government Complex ....................... 87 60 40 17 Q 2,014 1,348 807 408 Q

Other ................................................ 496 222 119 96 6 5,783 4,044 1,810 1,526 708

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 4,404 3,470 2,511 785 175 63,307 56,463 34,656 11,540 10,267

Natural Gas ...................................... 2,391 2,126 1,560 438 128 43,468 41,134 25,353 7,559 8,222

Fuel Oil ............................................. 451 376 290 61 26 15,157 14,560 8,411 2,183 3,965

District Heat ...................................... 67 61 43 5 12 5,443 4,631 2,671 483 1,477

District Chilled Water ........................ 33 31 19 4 8 2,853 2,655 1,518 429 709

Propane ............................................ 502 428 321 86 20 7,076 6,292 3,626 1,413 1,253

Other ................................................ 132 95 67 25 Q 1,401 1,306 849 242 Q

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 1,910 1,910 1,265 550 94 27,490 27,490 14,245 7,842 5,404

Natural Gas ...................................... 1,445 1,445 1,103 240 102 28,820 28,820 17,917 4,435 6,468

Fuel Oil ............................................. 94 94 91 Q 2 1,880 1,880 1,591 Q 248

District Heat ...................................... 27 27 22 Q 3 3,088 3,088 2,073 Q 859

Propane ............................................ 128 128 98 Q Q 1,422 1,422 973 Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ............ 3,982 3,337 2,423 743 171 60,028 55,154 33,965 11,021 10,167

Buildings with Cooling ....................... 3,625 3,112 2,266 675 171 56,940 53,232 32,513 10,654 10,065

Buildings with Water Heating ............ 3,472 3,472 2,513 785 175 56,478 56,478 34,671 11,540 10,267

Buildings with Cooking ...................... 801 787 595 122 69 22,237 21,914 12,932 3,163 5,819

Buildings with Manufacturing ............ 119 102 63 27 12 3,138 2,987 1,053 1,065 869

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ....................................... 149 143 105 15 23 12,821 12,612 7,062 1,566 3,984

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

Revised June 2006 214

CONTINUED
Centralized

System

Distributed

System

Combination 

Centralized and

Distributed

Systems

Centralized

System

Distributed

System

Combination 

Centralized and

Distributed

Systems

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 3,472 2,513 785 175 64,783 56,478 34,671 11,540 10,267

Table B42. Water Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings and Floorspace for Non-Mall 

Buildings, 2003

Type of Water Heating 

Equipment

Type of Water Heating 

Equipment

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings*

Buildings 

with

Water 

Heating

All

Buildings*

Buildings

with 

Water 

Heating

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .......... 799 785 593 122 69 22,223 21,901 12,919 3,163 5,819

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ..................... 567 567 415 80 72 19,482 19,482 11,127 2,679 5,676

Separate Computer Area .................. 553 516 348 105 63 26,873 26,129 14,844 4,200 7,085

Notes: ● HVAC = Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. ● Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 2003 Commercial Buildings Energy 

Consumption Survey. 

See "Guide to the Tables" or "Glossary" for further explanations of the terms used in this table. Both can be accessed from the CBECS web site - 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.

 * Figures in this table do not include enclosed malls and strip malls. Mall buildings add an estimated 213 thousand buildings comprising 6.9 billion 

square feet.

a

 The definition for one or more of these row items has changed and may not be directly comparable with past CBECS estimates. See "Guide to the 

Tables" for discussion of the differences.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

Revised June 2006 215

CONTINUED