DOE/EIA-0584(94)

Distribution Category

UC-98

Coal Industry Annual 1994

Energy Information Administration

Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and

analytical agency within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should not be

construed as advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other

organization.
Contacts

This publication was prepared by Frederick L. Freme,

Michelle Bowles, Stephen Scott, and Thomas Murphy

under the direction of Mary K. Paull, Team Leader,

Coal Data Surveys, and Noel C. Balthasar, Chief,

Coal Data Branch, Coal and Electric Data and

Renewables Division, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels. Specific information about

the data in this report can be obtained from Frederick

L. Freme (202/254-5367). All other questions on coal

statistics should be directed to the National Energy

Information Center (202/586-8800), or Internet e-mail

(infoctr@eia.doe.gov).

ii Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Preface

Coal Industry Annual 1994 is the second annual report

on the coal industry replacing the publication Coal

Production (DOE/EIA-0118), which was discontinued

in 1993. This report presents additional tables and

expanded versions of tables previously presented in

Coal Production, including production, number of

mines, productivity, employment, productive capacity,

and recoverable reserves. This report also presents

data on coal consumption, coal distribution, coal

stocks, coal prices, coal quality, and emissions for a

wide audience including Congress, Federal and State

agencies, the coal industry, and the general public. In

addition, Appendix A contains a compilation of coal

statistics for the major coal-producing States. This

report does not include coal consumption data for

nonutility power producers who are not in the manufacturing, agriculture, mining, construction, or commercial sectors. This consumption is estimated to be

15 million short tons in 1994.

The data presented in the report were collected and

published by the Energy Information Administration

(EIA), to fulfill its data collection and dissemination

responsibilities, as specified in the Federal Energy

Administration Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-275), as

amended. The Demonstrated Reserve Base (DRB)

data that were previously presented in Coal Production are not presented in this report as these data

are now reported in U.S. Coal Reserves: An Update by

Heat and Sulfur Content (DOE/EIA-0529). This report

does however present the recoverable portion of the

DRB in Table 105.

This report constitutes the 19th annual report on coal

production published by EIA and continues the series

formerly included as a chapter in the Minerals

Yearbook published by the Bureau of Mines.

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate

Fuels gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the

respondents in supplying the information presented in

this report and appreciates the valuable assistance of

State coal mining agencies, the U.S. Department of

the Interior: the Bureau of Land Management, the

Minerals Management Service; the U.S. Department

of Labor: the Mine Safety and Health Administration,

the Bureau of Labor Statistics; the U.S. Department of

Commerce: the Bureau of the Census, and the King

Publishing Corporation.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 iii 
Contents

Page

Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1

Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Productive Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

25

Recoverable Coal Reserves at Mines ................................................................  36

Producer/Distributor Stocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

49

Employment and Productivity ............................................................................. 

 57

Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

125

Domestic Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

127

Foreign Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Coal Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Mine Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

149

Consumer Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Import/Export Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Coal Quality and Emissions ..............................................................................  179

Appendices

A. Major Coal Producing States ........................................................................  197

B. Metric Tables ......................................................................................  219

C. References .........................................................................................  237

D. Explanatory Notes ..................................................................................  243

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

255

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 v 
Tables

Page

1. Coal Production by State, 1985, 1990-1994 ......................................................... 5

2. Number of Coal Mines by State, 1985, 1990-1994 .................................................. 6

3. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 1994 ................................ 7

4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1994 ....................... 8

5. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 1994 ................................... 

12

6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1994 ....... 13

7. U.S. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1994 .................................. 15

8. U.S. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 1994 ............... 

16

9. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1994 ............................... 17

10. Coal Production by State, Coal Rank, and Group, 1994 ............................................. 18

11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1994 ....................................... 19

12. Coal Mining Acreage, Production and Royalties from Federal and Indian Leases by State, 1994 ....... 

21

13. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 1994 ..................................................................... 

22

14. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 1994 ................................................................. 

23

15. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1985, 1990-1994 ...................................... 26

16. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 1985, 1990-1994 ...................................... 27

17. Production, Productive Capacity, and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine Type, 199428

18. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method,

1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

29

19. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1994 ........... 30

20. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 199431

21. Productive Capacity and Productivity of Coal Mines by State and Capacity Utilization Range, 1994 ... 32

22. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Recoverable Reserves Range,

1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

23. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type,

1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

24. Recoverable Coal Reserves by State, 1985, 1990-1994 ............................................. 38

25. Average Recovery Percentage at Coal Mines by State, 1985, 1990-1994 ............................. 

39

26. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Mines by State and Mine Type, 199440

27. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method, 1994 .......... 41

28. Average Recovery Percentage at Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method, 1994 ........ 42

29. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at U.S. Mines by Mine Production Range

and Mine Type, 1994 ............................................................................ 43

30. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at U.S. Mines by Coalbed Thickness and

Mine Type, 1994 ................................................................................ 43

31. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union

Type, 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

44

32. Status of Recoverable Coal Reserves and Coal Production from Producing Federal Coal Leases by

State, Fiscal Year 1994 .......................................................................... 46

33. Year-End Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks by State, 1990-1994 ................................ 48

34. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1985, 1990-1994 ............................ 51

35. Coal Imports by Customs District, 1985, 1990-1994 ............................................... 52

36. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination State, 1985, 1990-1994 ........ 53

37. Imported Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Country of Origin and Destination State, 1985,

1990-1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

55

38. Imported Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Country of Origin and Destination State,

1993-1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

39. Average Number of Miners by State, 1985, 1990-1994 ............................................. 60

40. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State, 1985, 1990-1994 ....................... 61

41. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State, 1985, 1990-1994 ............................ 

62

42. Average Number of Miners by State and Mine Production Range, 1994 ............................. 63

43. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 1994 ........ 64

44. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 1994 ............. 65

45. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1994 ............................ 

66

46. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1985, 1990-1994 ......................................................... 69

47. Profile of U.S. Coal Miners, 1986, 1990, 1992, 1994 ............................................... 69

vi Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
48. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1985, 1990-1994 ............................................... 

71

49. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1985, 1990-1994 .................................. 

72

50. Surface Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1985, 1990-1994 ....................................... 

73

51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1994 ........................................... 

74

52. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by State and Mine Type, 1985, 1990-1994 .............. 

76

53. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by Mine Production Range, 1994 ....................... 

78

54. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 1994 .......................... 

79

55. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Coalbed Thickness and Mining Method, 1994 ..................... 

80

56. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1994 ................... 

81

57. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1994 .............................. 

83

58. Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1990-1994 ............................................ 

87

59. Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1990-1994 ...................... 

88

60. Major U.S. Coal Distributors, 1994 ............................................................... 

89

61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and State, and Destination Census

Division and State, 1990-1994 .................................................................... 

90

62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination, 1990-1994 ...... 

102

63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination,

1990-1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

107

64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination, 1990-1994110

65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1994 .............. 

114

66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1994 ............................................................... 

129

67. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994 ................................ 

131

68. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994 ................... 

133

69. Coal Consumption at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994 ......... 

134

70. Year-End Coal Stocks at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994 ..... 

135

71. Coal Consumption at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994 ........ 

136

72. Year-End Coal Stocks at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994 ..... 

137

73. Coal Carbonized at Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994 .................... 

138

74. Year-End Coal Stocks at Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994 ............... 

138

75. Coal Consumption by Residential and Commercial Sector, by Census Division and State, 1985,

1990-1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

139

76. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1985, 1990-1994 ............................................... 

142

77. U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1985, 1990-1994 ................................. 

143

78. U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1985, 1990-1994 ........................................ 

144

79. Coal Exports by Customs District, 1985, 1990-1994 .............................................. 

145

80. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1985, 1990-1994 ........................................... 

150

81. Average Real Mine Price of Coal by State, 1985, 1990-1994 ....................................... 

151

82. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 1994 ........................................ 

152

83. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 1994 ...................... 

153

84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price, by State and County, 1994 ............ 

154

85. Average Mine Price by State and Coal Rank, 1994 ................................................ 

158

86. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1994 .................. 

159

87. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1994 ...................... 

159

88. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1994 ................................ 

160

89. Average Mine Price of Underground Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1994 ................... 

161

90. Average Mine Price of Surface Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1994 ........................ 

162

91. Average Mine Price by State and Disposition, 1994 ............................................... 

163

92. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994165

93. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1985,

1990-1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

166

94. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1985,

1990-1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

167

95. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1985,

1990-1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

168

96. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994 ..... 

169

97. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994169

98. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1985, 1990-1994 .......... 

172

99. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1985, 1990-1994 .............................. 

173

100. Average Real Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1985, 1990-1994 ......................... 

174

101. Average Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1985, 1990-1994 ................. 

175

102. Average Real Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1985, 1990-1994 ............ 

176

103. Average Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1985, 1990-1994 ........................ 

177

104. Average Real Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1985, 1990-1994 ................... 

178

105. Estimate of the Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and Mine Type ............... 

180

106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994182

107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Census Division and State,

1993-1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

186

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 vii 
108. Estimated Emissions from Coal-Fired Electric Generation, by Census Division and State, 1990-1994 . 

190

109. Estimated Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Electric Generation by Census Division, State, and Fuel, 1994194

A1. Alabama Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 ........................................................ 198

A2. Arizona Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 ........................................................ 199

A3. Colorado Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 ....................................................... 

200

A4. Illinois Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 ......................................................... 201

A5. Indiana Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 ......................................................... 202

A6. Kentucky Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 ....................................................... 203

A7. Montana Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 ........................................................ 

204

A8. New Mexico Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 .................................................... 205

A9. North Dakota Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 ................................................... 206

A10. Ohio Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 ........................................................... 

207

A11. Pennsylvania Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 ................................................... 208

A12. Texas Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 .......................................................... 209

A13. Utah Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 ........................................................... 210

A14. Virginia Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 ........................................................ 

211

A15. West Virginia Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 ................................................... 212

A16. Wyoming Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 ....................................................... 213

A17. All Other States Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 ................................................. 214

A18. Total U.S. Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994 ...................................................... 

215

B1. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and Stocks, 1985, 1990-1994 ...... 220

B2. Coal Production by State, 1985, 1990-1994 ....................................................... 221

B3. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1985, 1990-1994 ..................................... 

222

B4. Recoverable Coal Reserves by State, 1985, 1990-1994 ............................................ 

223

B5. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1985, 1990-1994 ........................... 

224

B6. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1985, 1990-1994 .............................................. 225

B7. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994 ................................ 

226

B8. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994 ................... 227

B9. U.S. Coal Exports by Destinaion, 1985, 1990-1994 ............................................... 228

B10. Average Mine Price by State, 1985, 1990-1994 ................................................... 

229

B11. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994230

B12. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1985,

1990-1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

B13. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994 ..... 

232

B14. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1985, 1990-1994 .......... 233

B15. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1985, 1990-1994 .............................. 

234

C1. Classification of Coals by Rank ................................................................. 238

C2. Approximate Heat Content of Coal .............................................................. 240

D1. Sources of Data for Total U.S. Coal Production and Number of Mining Operations ................. 

244

D2. Interquartile Range and Average Mine Price by State and Mine Type, 1994 ......................... 247

D3. Implicit Price Deflator, 1984-1994 ............................................................... 

254

Illustrations

Page

1. U.S. Coal Production by State, 1994 ............................................................... 4

2. Production by Foreign-Controlled Firms as a Percentage of Total U.S. Coal Production, 1976, 1986,

1991, 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

24

3. Recoverable Coal Reserves at U.S. Coal Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1985-1994 ............. 37

4. Average Recovery Percentage at U.S. Coal Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1985-1994 .......... 37

5. U.S. Coal Imports, 1985-1994 .................................................................... 50

6. Average Number of U.S. Miners by Mine Type and by Region, 1985-1994 .......................... 59

7. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Mine Type and by Region, 1985-1994 ............................ 59

8. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1985-1994 .............................................................. 

68

9. U.S. Coal Mine Fatalities, 1985-1994 ............................................................. 68

10. Coal Distribution, 1985-1994 ..................................................................... 86

11. U.S. Coal Consumption, 1985-1994 .............................................................. 128

12. U.S. Consumer Coal Stocks, 1985-1994 .......................................................... 

132

13. U.S. Coal Exports, 1985-1994 ................................................................... 141

14. Coal Prices, 1985-1994 ......................................................................... 147

viii Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
15. U.S. Coal Prices by Sector, 1985-1994 ........................................................... 

164

C1. Coal-Bearing Areas of the United States ......................................................... 237

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 ix 
Executive Summary

Coal's Role in the U.S.

Energy Picture

Total U.S. energy production in 1994, 70.43

quadrillion Btu, was the first increase in total U.S.

energy production since 1990. Coal production rose to

22 quadrillion Btu. Gains were also seen in natural

gas (dry) production and nuclear electric power, while

production of crude oil, natural gas plant liquids, and

hydroelectric power decreased (Table ES1).

Total U.S. energy consumption reached a record level

of 88 quadrillion Btu in 1994, the third consecutive

year of growth. Coal consumption reached 19.5

quadrillion Btu (930 million short tons), a 0.4-percent

increase over the 1993 levels. Consumption of natural

gas, nuclear electric power, and petroleum also rose.

The electric utility sector accounted for 88 percent of

the total coal consumed in 1994. Coal-fired units

represented 56 percent of utility generation of electricity, slightly less than in 1993. Petroleum and

hydroelectric generation paralleled this decline. Electricity generated by natural gas and nuclear power

both increased by 1 percent (Table ES2).

For the third consecutive year, U.S. coal exports

declined, while crude oil remained the primary U.S.

energy export. In 1994, U.S. coal exports dropped to

1.88 quadrillion Btu, 4 percent less than in 1993. In

comparison, coal imports, accounting for 1 percent of

U.S. energy imports, rose to a record level of 0.19

quadrillion Btu, nearly 6 percent more than in 1993.

Tables ES3 and ES4 present data on coal trends and

summary level statistics expressed in short tons.

Production

U.S. coal production reached a record 1,034 million

short tons. This surpasses the previous coal production record set in 1990 by 4 million short tons.

Wyoming remained the leading coal-producing State

followed by West Virginia and Kentucky.

Coal production for States east of the Mississippi

River rose to 566 million short tons. The States with

the greatest increase in production were West

Virginia, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania, with 31

million short tons, 5 million short tons, and 3 million

short tons more respectively, than in 1993. Production

surged in these States when the United Mine Workers

of America (UMWA) strike ended in December 1993.

Only three eastern States showed production declines:

Alabama, Tennessee, and Virginia. The eastern States

had a combined net loss of 109 mines and 3,664

miners. Miner productivity in this region rose 5

percent in 1994 to 3.28 short tons per miner per hour,

a healthy increase compared with 1993's 1-percent

gain.

Coal production west of the Mississippi River reached

a record 467 million short tons, despite 12 fewer

mines in the region and 158 fewer miners. Wyoming's

and Montana's coal output accounted for most of the

gain. Miner productivity in the region increased by 9

percent to 13.22 short tons per miner per hour.

Coal Mine Prices

The average price of U.S. coal in 1994 was $19.41 per

short ton, 2 percent less than in 1993. The price of

coal from mines west of the Mississippi River fell 5

percent from the 1993 level. Coal prices at mines east

of the Mississippi River also dipped, but only by 1

percent.

Coal Imports

U.S. coal imports in 1994 reached 8 million short

tons, 4 percent more than in 1993. Indonesia

accounted for most of the increase in tonnage, with

over 400 thousand sort tons more coal shipped in

1994 than in 1993. Two countries traditionally ship

coal to the U.S. electric utility sector; in 1994,

Colombia exported 18 percent less coal to the United

States than in 1993, while Venezuela exported 18

percent more.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 xi 
Table ES1. U.S. Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1985, 1990-1994

(Quadrillion Btu)

Average Annual Percent Activity and P Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change Energy Source 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

R RRR Production ............................................. 70.43 68.32 69.87 70.33 70.68 64.87 3.1 −0.1 0.9 R Fossil Fuels ........................................... 57.79 55.86 57.55 57.83 58.56 57.54 .3 * − R Coal ...................................................... 22.00 20.22 21.59 21.59 22.46 19.33 8.8 −.5 1.4 R Natural Gas (Dry) ............................... 19.36 18.74 18.38 18.23 18.36 16.98 3.3 1.3 1.5 1 R Crude Oil ............................................ 14.03 14.49 15.22 15.70 15.57 18.99 −3.2 −2.6 −3.3 R Natural Gas Plant Liquids ................. 2.39 2.41 2.36 2.31 2.17 2.24 −.6 2.4 .7

Nuclear Electric Power ......................... 6.83 6.52 6.61 6.58 6.16 4.15 4.8 2.6 5.7

 2 3 Hydroelectric Pumped Storage .......... −.04 −.04 −.04 −.05 −.04 ( ) −−−

Renewable Energy ............................... 5.85 5.98 5.75 5.97 5.99 3.18 −.2 −.1 .7

Conventional Hydroelectric Power ... 2.67 2.88 2.61 2.98 3.01 2.97 −.7 −.3 −.1

Geothermal Energy ............................ .27 .26 .26 .25 .25 .20 .4 .2 .3 4 Biofuels .............................................. 2.80 2.74 2.78 2.64 2.63 .01 .2 .2 8.7

Solar Energy ....................................... .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 −− − −

Wind Energy ....................................... .04 .03 .03 .03 .02 * 3.3 1.9 22.5

R Imports ................................................... 22.41 21.53 19.65 18.58 18.99 12.10 4.1 4.2 7.1 R Natural Gas ......................................... 2.58 2.40 2.16 1.80 1.55 .95 7.6 13.6 11.7 5 R Crude Oil ............................................ 15.26 14.75 13.25 12.55 12.77 6.81 3.5 4.6 9.4 6 R Petroleum Products .......................... 3.84 3.76 3.71 3.79 4.35 3.80 2.2 −3.0 .1 R Coal ...................................................... .19 .18 .10 .08 .07 .05 5.6 .1 .1 7 R Other ................................................... .53 .44 .42 .35 .25 .49 20.4 .3 .4

R Exports ................................................... 4.09 4.35 5.02 5.22 4.91 4.23 −6.1 −4.5 −.4 R Coal ...................................................... 1.88 1.96 2.68 2.85 2.77 2.44 −4.3 −9.3 −2.8 R Crude Oil ............................................. 1.99 2.12 2.01 2.13 1.82 1.66 −6.0 2.2 2.0 8 R Other ................................................... .22 .27 .33 .24 .31 .14 −19.9 −8.6 5.4

 9 R Adjustments ......................................... −.30 1.38 .66 .28 −.67 1.24 −−−

R RRR Consumption ......................................... 88.45 86.88 85.16 83.96 84.09 73.98 1.8 1.3 2.0

Fossil Fuels ........................................... 75.37 74.13 72.55 71.23 71.96 66.22 .2 .1 .1 R Coal ...................................................... 19.54 19.43 18.87 18.77 19.10 17.48 .6 .6 1.2

Coal Coke Net Imports ..................... .02 .02 .03 .01 * −.01 −−− 10 R Natural Gas ...................................... 21.16 20.84 20.13 19.61 19.30 17.83 1.5 2.3 1.9 11 R Petroleum ......................................... 34.65 33.84 33.53 32.85 33.55 30.92 2.4 .8 1.3

Nuclear Electric Power ......................... 6.83 6.52 6.61 6.58 6.16 4.15 4.8 2.6 5.7

 2 3 Hydroelectric Pumped Storage .......... −.04 −.04 −.04 −.05 −.04 ( ) −−−

Renewable Energy ............................... 6.28 6.28 6.04 6.20 6.01 3.61 − .1 .6 12 Conventional Hydroelectric Power 3.11 3.18 2.90 3.21 3.03 3.40 * .1 −.1

Geothermal Energy ............................ .27 .26 .26 .25 .25 .20 .4 .2 .3 4 Biofuels .............................................. 2.80 2.74 2.78 2.64 2.63 .01 .2 .2 8.7

Solar Energy ....................................... .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 −− − −

Wind Energy ....................................... .04 .03 .03 .03 .02 * 3.3 1.9 22.5

1 Includes lease condensate. 2 Represents total pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 3 Pumped storage is included in conventional hydroelectric power. 4 Includes wood, wood waste, peat, wood liquors, railroad ties, pitch, wood sludge, municipal solid waste, agricultural waste, straw, tires, landfill gases,

fish oils, and/or other waste. 5 Includes imports of crude oil for the Stategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. 6 Includes imports of unfinished oils and natural gas plant liquids. 7 ‘‘Other’’ imports are electricity and coal coke. 8 ‘‘Other’’ exports are natural gas, petroleum products, electricity and coal coke. 9 A balancing item. Includes stock changes, losses, gains, miscellaneous blending components, and unaccounted for supply. 10 Includes supplemental gaseous fuels. 11 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel. 12 Includes net imports of electricity.

* Data round to zero.

R Revised data. P Preliminary data.

Notes: Coal Consumption does not include coal consumed by independent power producers. Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1994, DOE/EIA-0384(94), Table 1.1.

Average imported coal prices in 1994 went up by 1

percent from 1993 to $30.21 per short ton. The price

of coal imports from Canada, Colombia, and

Venezuela rose in 1994, while prices from Indonesia

and Australia fell. Coal imports in 1994 were valued

at $229 million.

xii Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table ES2. Share of U.S. Electric Utility Net Generation of Electricity by Source, 1985, 1990-1994

(Percent)

Energy Source 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985

Coal ......................................................................... 56.2 56.9 56.3 54.9 55.5 56.8

Natural Gas ........................................................... 10.0 9.0 9.4 9.4 9.4 11.8

 1 Petroleum ............................................................. 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.9 4.2 4.1

Nuclear Power ...................................................... 22.0 21.2 22.1 21.7 20.5 15.5

Hydroelectric Power ........................................... 8.4 9.2 8.6 9.8 10.0 11.4

 2 Geothermal and Other ...................................... .3 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4

Total ....................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil (including crude oil burned as fuel), jet fuel, and petroleum coke. 2 Other is wood, waste, wind, photovoltaic, and solar thermal energy used to generate electricity for distribution.

Note: Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

Coal Consumption

In 1994, domestic coal consumption rose to a record

of 930 million short tons, a 0.4-percent increase over

1993. Electric utility consumption rose by 0.5 percent.

Three weather conditions caused electric utilities to

rely more on coal: it was bitterly cold throughout the

East in January and February; a strong heat wave

affected most of the country during June; and little

rain fell in the West, reducing hydroelectric generation.

Industrial plants consumed more coal than in 1993,

slightly more than 75 million short tons. Coal

carbonized at coke plants increased slightly to nearly

32 million short tons. The residential and commercial

sectors consumed only 6 million short tons in 1994.

The average sulfur content (measured as percent

sulfur by weight) of coal received at electric utilities

in 1994 was 1.17 percent, down slightly from 1993.

The quality of coal received at manufacturing and

coke plants showed a sulfur content of 1.16 percent, 6

percent less than in 1993.

Table ES3. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and

Stocks, 1985, 1990-1994

(Million Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Activity 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Production ........................................ 1,034 945 998 996 1,029 879 9.3 0.1 1.8

Imports ............................................. 8 7 4 3 3 2 3.8 29.5 16.3

 1 Producer and Distributor Stocks . 33 25 34 33 33 34 31.4 −.1 −.3

Consumption ................................... 930 926 892 888 895 818 .4 .9 1.4

Exports ............................................. 71 75 103 109 106 93 −4.2 −9.4 −2.9 1 Consumer Stocks .......................... 136 120 164 168 168 170 13.0 −5.1 −2.4

1 Reported as of the last day of the quarter.

Note: Consumption does not include coal consumed by independent power producers.

Sources: • Production: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and

Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report’’; and State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports. • Imports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’• Producer and Distributor Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’• Exports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

• Consumption and Consumer Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing

Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Coal Stocks

Coal stocks held by consumers on December 31,

1994, totaled 136 million short tons, 13 percent more

than in 1993. This reverses a downward trend that

began at the end of 1989. Most of the rebound

occurred in the electric utility sector. Stock levels

rose to 127 million short tons when stocks were

rebuilt at the end of the United Mine Workers of

America (UMWA) strike and after the severe flooding

in 1993. Year-end coal stocks at coke plants rose by

256 thousand short tons in 1994, an 11-percent

increase, but declined at other industrial plants by 131

thousand short tons. Producer and distributor stocks

also increased in 1994, to 33 million short tons

nationally. This 8-million-short-ton rise was due to

rebuilding from the depressed 1993 levels.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 xiii 
Delivered Coal Prices

The price of coal delivered to all consuming sectors

except other industrial declined in 1994. The delivered price of coal to both electric utilities and coke

plants dropped by 2 percent (4 percent in real terms)

to $28.03 per short ton, and $46.56 per short ton,

respectively. The price of coal delivered to other

industrial plants rose by 1 percent (a decline of 1

percent in real terms) to $32.55 per short ton.

Coal Exports

U.S. coal exports totaled slightly more than 71 million

short tons in 1994, the lowest level since 1979. This

was a 4-percent decline from 1993, continuing a trend

that began in 1992. Shipments to Europe, Asia, and

Africa, declined by 5 percent, 8 percent, and 14

percent, respectively.

Compared with 1993, steam coal exports decreased 3

percent in 1994 to 24 million short tons. After

declining sharply in 1993, steam coal exports to

Europe nearly leveled-off in 1994 at 11 million short

tons, while steam coal shipments to Canada increased

by 22 percent. Steam coal exports to Asia and Africa

were 9 percent and 86 percent lower, respectively.

U.S. metallurgical coal exports from the United States

decreased by 5 percent from the 1993 level, to 47

million short tons. The sharpest drop came from shipments to coke plants in Canada, which fell by 14

percent. U.S. metallurgical coal shipments to Europe

and Asia also declined.

West Virginia exported the most coal in 1994, shipping over 36 million short tons, a 9-percent increase

from 1993. Almost 90 percent, or 32 million short

tons, went to the overseas metallurgical sector.

The average price of U.S. coal exports in 1994 was

$39.93 per short ton, a 4-percent decrease from the

1993 price. U.S. metallurgical coal export prices

weakened by 3 percent to $42.77 per short ton. U.S.

steam coal export prices fell by 5 percent to $34.34

per short ton. Coal exports in 1994 were valued at

$2.8 billion.

Company Mergers & Sales

The United Kingdom-based Costain Group PLC sold

its 80-percent share in Dolet Hills Mining Venture,

and announced, in March 1995, that it would take a

write-down on its U.S. coal assets.

Kennecott Energy Company acquired Colowyo Coal

Company from W.R. Grace & Company in December

1994. The mine has leased reserves of 200 million

tons of compliance quality, surface-minable coal, of

which 66 million tons are committed under long-term

contracts through 2017.

The Westmoreland Coal Company filed under Chapter

11 of the Federal bankruptcy code, in November

1994. This was done to facilitate the completion of its

sale of Kentucky Criterion Coal Company to

CONSOL Inc. With the sale completed in late

December, Westmoreland cleared its debts and

emerged from bankruptcy in January 1995.

Peabody Holding Company purchased the assets of

The Carter Mining Company in October 1994 from

Exxon Coal USA, for $360 million. The Rawhide and

Caballo coal mines in Wyoming were the principal

mining operations purchased. The Caballo mine was

the ninth-largest mine in the United States, producing

over 14 million short tons in 1994. The Rawhide mine

ranked twelfth in 1994, with 12.8 million short tons

produced. Other Exxon holdings transferred to

Peabody include undeveloped Wyoming coal reserves

and supply agreements that account for long-term

sales of more than 255 million short tons.

There was also a merger of coal-carrying railroads in

process. During 1994, Union Pacific and Burlington

Northern were involved in a bidding competition for

the Santa Fe Pacific Corporation, owner of Atchison,

Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway. In February 1995,

Union Pacific pulled out of the competition, and the

shareholders of Burlingon Northern and Santa Fe

approved the merger. The merger will create the

Nation's largest railroad with over 32 thousand miles

of track.

xiv Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Figure ES1. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and Stocks, 1985-1994

1

10

100

1000

1200

Million Short Tons (Logarithmic Units) 

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Producer/Distributor Stocks

Consumer Stocks

Exports

Consumption

Imports

Production

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 xv 
Table ES4. U.S. Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 21,016,526 21,535,283 21,626,971 21,998,540 22,761,328 25,145,997 −2.4 −2.0 −2.0 1 Productive Capacity ............. 1,320,656 1,261,873 1,241,054 1,248,479 NA 968,614 4.6 NA 3.5

Production Total ..................... 1,033,504 945,424 997,545 995,984 1,029,076 878,540 9.3 .1 1.8

Underground ........................ 399,103 351,053 407,239 407,225 424,546 348,795 13.7 −1.5 1.5

Surface ................................. 634,401 594,371 590,306 588,759 604,529 529,746 6.7 1.2 2.0 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 78.11 74.77 80.20 79.58 NA 90.70 4.5 NA −1.6

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 20.3 22.8 21.7 22.1 22.1 28.6 −10.7 −2.1 −3.7

Number of Miners .................. 97,500 101,322 110,196 120,602 131,310 169,281 −3.8 −7.2 −5.9 2 Productivity Total .................. 4.98 4.70 4.36 4.09 3.83 2.74 5.9 6.8 6.8

Underground ........................ 3.19 2.95 2.93 2.69 2.54 1.78 8.2 5.9 6.7

Surface ................................. 7.67 7.23 6.59 6.38 5.94 4.24 6.0 6.6 6.8

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 33,219 25,284 33,993 32,971 33,418 34,090 31.4 −.1 −.3 3 Imports ................................... 6,599 5,496 1,973 1,967 1,366 1,299 20.1 48.2 19.8

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total .................... 1,022,523 959,445 998,647 994,146 1,023,935 NA 6.6 * NA

Domestic Distribution Total 949,843 883,934 897,267 885,882 919,589 NA 7.5 .8 NA

Within State ...................... 353,765 339,034 355,232 345,486 365,065 NA 4.3 −.8 NA

To Other States ................ 596,078 544,900 542,035 540,395 554,524 NA 9.4 1.8 NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... 72,680 75,510 101,380 108,264 104,346 NA −3.8 −8.6 NA

Metallurgical ................ 51,307 52,369 62,013 63,003 62,496 NA −2.0 −4.8 NA

Steam ........................... 21,374 23,141 39,367 45,261 41,849 NA −7.6 −15.5 NA

Canada Total .................... 8,467 7,751 13,919 12,828 13,189 NA 9.2 −10.5 NA

Metallurgical ................ 7,464 6,666 9,394 8,483 6,215 NA 12.0 4.7 NA

Steam ........................... 1,003 1,085 4,525 4,345 6,975 NA −7.6 −38.4 NA 4 Overseas Total ................ 64,214 67,759 87,461 95,436 91,156 NA −5.2 −8.4 NA

Metallurgical ................ 43,843 45,703 52,619 54,520 56,282 NA −4.1 −6.0 NA

Steam ........................... 20,371 22,057 34,842 40,916 34,875 NA −7.6 −12.6 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 930,201 925,944 892,421 887,621 895,480 818,049 .4 .9 1.4

Electric Utility ....................... 817,270 813,508 779,860 772,268 773,549 693,841 .5 1.4 1.8

Industrial ............................... 75,179 74,892 74,042 75,405 76,330 75,372 .4 −.4 *

Coke ..................................... 31,740 31,323 32,366 33,854 38,877 41,056 1.3 −4.9 −2.8

Residential/Commercial ..... 6,013 6,221 6,153 6,094 6,724 7,779 −3.3 −2.8 −2.8

Consumer Stocks Total ........ 136,139 120,458 163,692 167,711 168,210 170,234 13.0 −5.1 −2.4

Electric Utility ....................... 126,897 111,341 154,130 157,876 156,166 156,376 14.0 −5.0 −2.3

All Other ............................... 9,243 9,117 9,562 9,835 12,044 13,857 1.4 −6.4 −4.4

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $19.41 $19.85 $21.03 $21.49 $21.76 $25.20 −2.2 −2.8 −2.9

Underground ........................ 26.39 26.92 27.83 28.56 28.58 32.91 −2.0 −2.0 −2.4

Surface ................................. 15.02 15.67 16.34 16.60 16.98 20.13 −4.1 −3.0 −3.2

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... 28.03 28.58 29.36 30.02 30.45 34.53 −1.9 −2.0 −2.3

Industrial ............................... 32.55 32.23 32.78 33.54 33.59 37.21 1.0 −.8 −1.5

Coke ..................................... 46.56 47.44 47.92 48.88 47.73 54.33 −1.9 −.6 −1.7

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Imports for 1992 through 1994 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1985 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities. 4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

xvi Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Supply

Production

U.S. coal production during 1994 reached a record

1,034 million short tons, 9 percent more than the 945

million short tons produced during 1993, a year

marked by a 7-month selective strike by the United

Mine Workers of America, and 0.2 percent more than

the previous U.S. annual coal production record of

1,029 million short tons set in 1990 (Table 1). A

major factor in the production rise continues to be

higher demand for coal by U.S. electric utilities,

which accounted for 88 percent of total U.S. coal consumption in 1994.

The leading contributor to the 1994 coal production

increase was West Virginia, where production rose by

31 million short tons to 162 million short tons, an

increase of 24 percent compared with the 131 million

short tons produced in 1993. Also contributing significantly to the increase were Wyoming and Illinois,

where 1994 production rose 27 million short tons (13

percent) and 12 million short tons (28 percent),

respectively. These three States accounted for 79

percent of the 88 million short ton increase in U.S.

coal production during 1994.

Regionally, coal production in Appalachia during

1994 rose 36 million short tons (9 percent) to 445

million short tons compared with 1993, primarily as a

result of increased production in West Virginia and

Eastern Kentucky. Similarly, coal production in the

Interior Region rose 13 million short tons (8 percent)

to 180 million short tons, with most of the growth

attributable to the sharp increase in Illinois production. In the Western Region, coal production rose

40 million short tons (11 percent) to 408 million short

tons, with production increases in Wyoming (27

million short tons), Colorado (3 million short tons),

and Montana (6 million short tons) accounting for 91

percent of the total increase in the region's production.

The 1994 production growth rates for the Appalachian

and Interior Regions should be viewed with caution

because the production increases primarily reflect a

recovery from the effects of the labor disruptions in

1993. Neither region has returned to the production

levels reported for the three previous years. Since

1990, coal production in the Appalachian Region has

declined at an average annual rate of 2 percent, while

production in the Interior Region has declined at an

average annual rate of 3 percent. Moreover, the share

of total U.S. coal production attributable to these

regions continues to fall, reflecting the increasing

demand by U.S. electric utilities for relatively lower

sulfur Western coal to meet emission limits imposed

by the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments.

U.S. coal producers operated 2,354 mines during

1994, including 1,143 underground mines and 1,211

surface mines (Table 3). Underground mines in 1994

produced 399 million short tons and represented 39

percent of total coal production. Underground mines

located in the Appalachian and Interior regions contributed 355 million short tons, representing 89

percent of all underground production and 34 percent

of total coal production.

By comparison, surface mines during 1994 produced

634 million short tons, representing 61 percent of

total coal production. Surface mines located in the

Western Region produced 364 million short tons,

accounting for 57 percent of surface mine production

and 35 percent of total production. The Nation's 10

largest coal mines, all of which are Western surface

mines and 9 of which are located in Wyoming,

produced 188 million short tons of coal during 1994,

accounting for 18 percent of total coal production.

Productive Capacity

The total estimated productive capacity of U.S. coal

mines in 1994 was 1,321 million short tons, an

increase of 5 percent compared with total estimated

productive capacity of 1,262 million short tons in

1993 (Table 15). Productive capacity in the

Appalachian and Western Regions rose 3 percent and

9 percent, respectively, while productive capacity in

the Interior Region declined 0.9 percent. Coal mine

capacity utilization, defined as the ratio of actual production to productive capacity, rose to 78 percent in

1994 after having declined to 75 percent in 1993 as a

result of the selective coal strike (Table 16). Capacity

utilization at mines east of the Mississippi River,

which were most heavily affected by the strike, rose

to 77 percent in 1994 from 71 percent in 1993, but

still below the pre-strike level of 80 percent. Capacity

utilization at western mines remained relatively constant.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 1 
Recoverable Reserves

Estimated recoverable U.S. coal reserves at active

mines in 1994 totaled 21.0 billion short tons,

declining by 2 percent from the 1993 estimate of 21.5

billion short tons (Table 24). Recoverable reserves

located at active mines in the Western Region

accounted for 62 percent of total reserves, with

reserves at active mines in the Appalachian and Interior Regions representing 23 percent and 15 percent,

respectively.

The average recovery percentage for all U.S. mines in

1994, representing the estimated share of reserves that

can actually be mined, rose slightly to 80 percent in

1994 from 79 percent in 1993 (Table 25). The estimated recovery percent for all underground mines in

1994 was 57 percent, compared with an average of 90

percent for surface mines.

Producers and Distributors Stocks

Coal stocks held by U.S. coal producers and distributors at the end of 1994 totaled 32 million short tons,

an increase of 31 percent compared with stocks at

year-end 1993 (Table 33).

Coal Imports

U.S. coal imports during 1994 totaled 8 million short

tons, 4 percent more than the 7 million short tons

imported during 1993 (Table 34). Since 1985, U.S.

coal imports have increased at an average annual rate

of 16 percent.

Colombia and Venezuela were the major sources of

imported coal during 1994. They contributed 3 million

short tons and 2 million short tons, respectively, and

accounted for 65 percent of total imports. Other

leading contributors were Canada and Indonesia with

one million short tons each.

2 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Production

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 3 
Figure 1. U.S. Coal Production by State, 1994

Wyoming

West Virginia

Kentucky

Pennsylvania

Illinois

Texas

Montana

Virginia

North Dakota

Indiana

Ohio

New Mexico

Colorado

Utah

AlabamaArizona

Other

0

50

100

150

200

250

Million Short Tons

19.8

13.1

23.3 25.3 24.4

28.0 30.9 29.9 32.3

37.1

41.6

52.8 52.3

62.2

161.8 161.6

237.1

4 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 1. Coal Production by State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... 23,266 24,768 25,796 27,269 29,030 27,685 −6.1 −5.4 −1.9

Alaska .............................................. 1,567 1,601 1,534 1,436 1,706 1,433 −2.1 −2.1 1.0

Arizona ............................................. 13,056 12,173 12,512 13,203 11,304 9,625 7.3 3.7 3.4

Arkansas .......................................... 51 44 58 52 59 68 14.6 −3.6 −3.2

California .......................................... − − 103 57 61 71 −− −

Colorado .......................................... 25,304 21,886 19,226 17,834 18,910 17,202 15.6 7.5 4.4

Illinois ............................................... 52,797 41,098 59,857 60,258 60,393 59,201 28.5 −3.3 −1.3

Indiana ............................................. 30,927 29,295 30,466 31,468 35,907 33,294 5.6 −3.7 −.8

Iowa .................................................. 46 175 289 344 381 591 −73.6 −41.0 −24.7

Kansas ............................................. 284 341 363 416 721 994 −16.6 −20.7 −13.0

Kentucky Total ................................ 161,642 156,299 161,068 158,980 173,322 149,929 3.4 −1.7 .8

Eastern .......................................... 124,447 120,191 119,382 117,220 128,396 111,010 3.5 −.8 1.3

Western ......................................... 37,195 36,108 41,686 41,760 44,926 38,920 3.0 −4.6 −.5

Louisiana .......................................... 3,463 3,134 3,240 3,151 3,186 207 10.5 2.1 36.8

Maryland .......................................... 3,632 3,355 3,341 3,773 3,487 2,903 8.3 1.0 2.5

Missouri ............................................ 838 653 2,886 2,304 2,647 5,561 28.4 −25.0 −19.0

Montana ........................................... 41,640 35,917 38,889 38,237 37,616 33,286 15.9 2.6 2.5

New Mexico ..................................... 28,041 28,268 24,549 21,518 24,292 22,202 −.8 3.6 2.6

North Dakota ................................... 32,286 31,973 31,744 29,530 29,213 26,871 1.0 2.5 2.1

Ohio .................................................. 29,897 28,816 30,403 30,569 35,252 35,411 3.8 −4.0 −1.9

Oklahoma ........................................ 1,911 1,758 1,741 1,841 1,698 3,316 8.7 3.0 −5.9

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 62,237 59,700 68,981 65,381 70,514 70,311 4.2 −3.1 −1.3

Anthracite ...................................... 4,621 4,306 3,483 3,445 3,506 4,281 7.3 7.1 .8

Bituminous .................................... 57,616 55,394 65,498 61,936 67,008 66,030 4.0 −3.7 −1.5

Tennessee ....................................... 2,987 3,047 3,476 4,290 6,193 7,339 −2.0 −16.7 −9.5

Texas ................................................ 52,346 54,567 55,071 53,825 55,755 45,459 −4.1 −1.6 1.6

Utah .................................................. 24,399 21,847 21,339 21,945 22,058 12,776 11.7 2.5 7.4

Virginia ............................................. 37,129 39,317 43,024 41,954 46,917 40,531 −5.6 −5.7 −1.0

Washington ...................................... 4,893 4,739 5,251 5,143 5,001 4,438 3.2 −.5 1.1

West Virginia Total ......................... 161,776 130,525 162,164 167,352 169,205 127,125 23.9 −1.1 2.7

Northern ........................................ 49,316 33,802 50,022 52,155 56,641 49,820 45.9 −3.4 −.1

Southern ........................................ 112,460 96,723 112,142 115,196 112,564 77,305 16.3 * 4.3

Wyoming .......................................... 237,092 210,129 190,172 193,854 184,249 140,711 12.8 6.5 6.0

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 445,370 409,718 456,565 457,808 488,993 422,315 8.7 −2.3 .6 1 Interior Total ................................ 179,858 167,174 195,659 195,418 205,671 187,610 7.6 −3.3 −.5 1 Western Total ............................... 408,276 368,532 345,321 342,758 334,411 268,615 10.8 5.1 4.8

East of Miss. River ....................... 566,289 516,219 588,575 591,294 630,218 553,730 9.7 −2.6 .2

West of Miss. River ...................... 467,216 429,205 408,970 404,690 398,858 324,811 8.8 4.0 4.1

U.S. Total ........................................ 1,033,504 945,424 997,545 995,984 1,029,076 878,540 9.3 .1 1.8

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 5 
Table 2. Number of Coal Mines by State, 1985, 1990-1994

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... 85 85 88 96 97 96 − −3.2 −1.3

Alaska .............................................. 1 1 2 1 1 1 −− −

Arizona ............................................. 2 2 2 2 2 2 −− −

Arkansas .......................................... 6 6 6 7 7 3 − −3.8 8.0

California .......................................... − − 1111 −− −

Colorado .......................................... 18 20 21 21 23 27 −10.0 −5.9 −4.4

Illinois ............................................... 34 39 43 51 45 54 −12.8 −6.8 −5.0

Indiana ............................................. 55 56 51 58 64 66 −1.8 −3.7 −2.0

Iowa .................................................. 1 2 2 3 3 5 −50.0 −24.0 −16.4

Kansas ............................................. 1 2 2 3 4 4 −50.0 −29.3 −14.3

Kentucky Total ................................ 673 696 752 838 987 1,155 −3.3 −9.1 −5.8

Eastern .......................................... 607 622 684 756 902 1,060 −2.4 −9.4 −6.0

Western ......................................... 66 74 68 82 85 95 −10.8 −6.1 −4.0

Louisiana .......................................... 2 2 2 2 2 1 − − 8.0

Maryland .......................................... 20 21 24 26 27 27 −4.8 −7.2 −3.3

Missouri ............................................ 6 7 5 5 5 13 −14.3 4.7 −8.2

Montana ........................................... 8 8 8 9 9 8 − −2.9 −

New Mexico ..................................... 7 7 7 7 7 11 −−−4.9

North Dakota ................................... 6 8 8 8 11 13 −25.0 −14.1 −8.2

Ohio .................................................. 134 135 149 159 172 165 −.7 −6.0 −2.3

Oklahoma ........................................ 14 17 20 22 23 23 −17.6 −11.7 −5.4

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 505 524 578 608 673 478 −3.6 −6.9 .6

Anthracite ...................................... 143 148 166 176 187 79 −3.4 −6.5 6.8

Bituminous .................................... 362 376 412 432 486 399 −3.7 −7.1 −1.1

Tennessee ....................................... 24 37 50 72 86 90 −35.1 −27.3 −13.6

Texas ................................................ 13 14 15 15 15 14 −7.1 −3.5 −.8

Utah .................................................. 14 15 15 15 18 21 −6.7 −6.1 −4.4

Virginia ............................................. 231 237 258 294 340 412 −2.5 −9.2 −6.2

Washington ...................................... 3 3 3 3 4 3 − −6.9 −

West Virginia Total ......................... 462 502 604 665 771 634 −8.0 −12.0 −3.4

Northern ........................................ 116 137 166 174 205 200 −15.3 −13.3 −5.9

Southern ........................................ 346 365 438 491 566 434 −5.2 −11.6 −2.5

Wyoming .......................................... 29 29 30 31 33 28 − −3.2 .4

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 2,068 2,163 2,435 2,676 3,068 2,962 −4.4 −9.4 −3.9 1 Interior Total ................................ 198 219 214 248 253 278 −9.6 −5.9 −3.7 1 Western Total ............................... 88 93 97 98 109 115 −5.4 −5.2 −2.9

East of Miss. River ....................... 2,223 2,332 2,597 2,867 3,262 3,177 −4.7 −9.1 −3.9

West of Miss. River ...................... 131 143 149 155 168 178 −8.4 −6.0 −3.3

U.S. Total ........................................ 2,354 2,475 2,746 3,022 3,430 3,355 −4.9 −9.0 −3.9

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Note: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

6 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 3. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and Region Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Alabama .............................................. 11 14,471 74 8,795 85 23,266

Alaska ................................................. − − 1 1,567 1 1,567

Arizona ................................................ − − 2 13,056 2 13,056

Arkansas ............................................. 1 12 5 38 6 51

Colorado ............................................. 13 16,332 5 8,972 18 25,304

Illinois .................................................. 23 43,281 11 9,516 34 52,797

Indiana ................................................ 4 3,324 51 27,603 55 30,927

Iowa ..................................................... − − 1 46 1 46

Kansas ................................................ − − 1 284 1 284

Kentucky Total ................................... 425 95,414 248 66,227 673 161,642

Eastern ............................................. 401 72,969 206 51,478 607 124,447

Western ............................................ 24 22,445 42 14,749 66 37,195

Louisiana ............................................. − − 2 3,463 2 3,463

Maryland ............................................. 3 2,839 17 793 20 3,632

Missouri ............................................... − − 6 838 6 838

Montana .............................................. 1 3 7 41,636 8 41,640

New Mexico ........................................ 1 950 6 27,091 7 28,041

North Dakota ...................................... − − 6 32,286 6 32,286

Ohio ..................................................... 10 13,607 124 16,290 134 29,897

Oklahoma ........................................... 1 135 13 1,776 14 1,911

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 113 39,974 392 22,263 505 62,237

Anthracite ......................................... 49 343 94 4,278 143 4,621

Bituminous ....................................... 64 39,632 298 17,984 362 57,616

Tennessee .......................................... 17 1,893 7 1,093 24 2,987

Texas ................................................... − − 13 52,346 13 52,346

Utah ..................................................... 14 24,399 − − 14 24,399

Virginia ................................................ 180 28,054 51 9,075 231 37,129

Washington ......................................... − − 3 4,893 3 4,893

West Virginia Total ............................ 323 111,679 139 50,097 462 161,776

Northern ........................................... 65 43,702 51 5,614 116 49,316

Southern ........................................... 258 67,977 88 44,483 346 112,460

Wyoming ............................................. 3 2,735 26 234,357 29 237,092

 1 Appalachian Total .......................... 1,058 285,487 1,010 159,884 2,068 445,370

 1 Interior Total ................................... 53 69,198 145 110,660 198 179,858

 1 Western Total .................................. 32 44,419 56 363,858 88 408,276

East of Miss. River .......................... 1,109 354,537 1,114 211,751 2,223 566,289

West of Miss. River ......................... 34 44,566 97 422,650 131 467,216

U.S. Total ........................................... 1,143 399,103 1,211 634,401 2,354 1,033,504

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 7 
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Alabama ............................................. 11 14,471 74 8,795 85 23,266

Bibb ................................................ − − 2 137 2 137

Blount ............................................ − − 2626

Cullman ......................................... − − 3 157 3 157

Fayette .......................................... 1 1,491 2 29 3 1,521

Jackson ......................................... − − 3 24 3 24

Jefferson ....................................... 5 5,956 7 1,276 12 7,232

Marion ........................................... − − 3 256 3 256

Shelby ............................................ 1 418 − − 1 418

Tuscaloosa ................................... 3 5,246 7 1,602 10 6,848

Walker ........................................... 1 1,359 40 4,855 41 6,215

Winston ......................................... − − 5 452 5 452

Alaska ................................................. − − 1 1,567 1 1,567

Yukon River .................................. − − 1 1,567 1 1,567

Arizona ............................................... − − 2 13,056 2 13,056

Navajo ........................................... − − 2 13,056 2 13,056

Arkansas ............................................ 1 12 5 38 6 51

Johnson ......................................... − − 2 25 2 25

Scott .............................................. − − 1212

Sebastian ...................................... 1 12 2 11 3 24

Colorado ............................................ 13 16,332 5 8,972 18 25,304

Delta .............................................. 1 751 − − 1 751

Fremont ......................................... 1 310 − − 1 310

Garfield .......................................... 1 5 − − 1 5

Gunnison ....................................... 3 5,710 − − 3 5,710

La Plata ......................................... 1 235 − − 1 235

Las Animas ................................... 1 1,114 − − 1 1,114

Mesa .............................................. 2 358 − − 2 358

Moffat ............................................ 1 1,317 2 6,449 3 7,766

Montrose ....................................... − − 1 380 1 380

Rio Blanco .................................... 1 1,527 − − 1 1,527

Routt .............................................. 1 5,005 2 2,143 3 7,148

Illinois ................................................. 23 43,281 11 9,516 34 52,797

Christian ........................................ 1 1,457 − − 1 1,457

Clinton ........................................... 1 3,007 − − 1 3,007

Franklin .......................................... 3 6,602 − − 3 6,602

Fulton ............................................ − − 1 499 1 499

Gallatin .......................................... 1 1,093 1 316 2 1,409

Jefferson ....................................... 2 4,138 − − 2 4,138

Logan ............................................ 1 1,673 − − 1 1,673

Macoupin ...................................... 3 4,809 − − 3 4,809

McDonough .................................. − − 1 434 1 434

Perry .............................................. 2 3,283 6 6,276 8 9,559

Randolph ....................................... 2 3,434 − − 2 3,434

Saline ............................................. 3 6,682 1 1,388 4 8,070

Schuyler ........................................ − − 1 603 1 603

St Clair .......................................... 1 227 − − 1 227

Wabash ......................................... 1 2,676 − − 1 2,676

Washington ................................... 1 2,225 − − 1 2,225

White ............................................. 1 1,977 − − 1 1,977

Indiana ................................................ 4 3,324 51 27,603 55 30,927

Clay ................................................ − − 8 1,844 8 1,844

Daviess .......................................... − − 9 4,905 9 4,905

Dubois ........................................... − − 1 610 1 610

Gibson ........................................... 1 1,318 1 501 2 1,819

Greene .......................................... − − 8 3,051 8 3,051

Knox .............................................. 2 1,349 2 604 4 1,953

Monroe .......................................... − − 1 73 1 73

Owen ............................................. − − 1 329 1 329

Pike ................................................ − − 7 3,790 7 3,790

Spencer ......................................... − − 3 799 3 799

Sullivan .......................................... 1 657 2 4,141 3 4,798

Vigo ................................................ − − 1 911 1 911

Warrick .......................................... − − 7 6,045 7 6,045

Iowa .................................................... − − 1 46 1 46

Marion ........................................... − − 1 46 1 46

Kansas ............................................... − − 1 284 1 284

Crawford ........................................ − − 1 284 1 284

Kentucky ............................................ 425 95,414 248 66,227 673 161,642

Bell ................................................. 17 3,176 9 1,519 26 4,695

Breathitt ......................................... − − 8 3,746 8 3,746

See footnotes at end of table.

8 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Kentucky (Continued)

Butler ............................................. − − 2 26 2 26

Caldwell ......................................... − − 1919

Christian ........................................ − − 2 1,534 2 1,534

Clay ................................................ 2 89 6 463 8 552

Daviess .......................................... − − 10 1,131 10 1,131

Floyd .............................................. 47 3,520 14 3,773 61 7,292

Greenup ........................................ − − 1 10 1 10

Harlan ............................................ 64 11,426 9 1,098 73 12,524

Henderson .................................... 2 1,324 3 2,009 5 3,333

Hopkins ......................................... 8 3,040 8 4,526 16 7,567

Jackson ......................................... − − 3 89 3 89

Johnson ......................................... 4 1,303 6 66 10 1,369

Knott .............................................. 37 6,799 21 5,956 58 12,755

Knox .............................................. 20 747 4 412 24 1,159

Laurel ............................................. − − 2 70 2 70

Lawrence ...................................... − − 3 243 3 243

Lee ................................................. − − 1 17 1 17

Leslie ............................................. 7 6,897 4 1,782 11 8,679

Letcher .......................................... 20 3,227 21 4,381 41 7,608

Magoffin ........................................ 1 57 3 997 4 1,054

Martin ............................................ 27 8,040 9 4,441 36 12,481

McLean ......................................... − − 2 636 2 636

Muhlenberg ................................... 2 1,785 4 1,037 6 2,822

Ohio ............................................... 1 291 8 2,859 9 3,150

Owsley ........................................... − − 3 73 3 73

Perry .............................................. 17 4,991 18 10,059 35 15,050

Pike ................................................ 130 22,004 51 11,144 181 33,147

Union ............................................. 4 6,741 − − 4 6,741

Webster ......................................... 7 9,264 2 983 9 10,247

Whitley ........................................... 8 693 9 649 17 1,342

Wolfe ............................................. − − 1 492 1 492

Louisiana ........................................... − − 2 3,463 2 3,463

De Soto ......................................... − − 1 2,697 1 2,697

Red River ...................................... − − 1 766 1 766

Maryland ............................................ 3 2,839 17 793 20 3,632

Allegany ........................................ − − 10 556 10 556

Garrett ........................................... 3 2,839 7 237 10 3,076

Missouri ............................................. − − 6 838 6 838

Barton ............................................ − − 1 256 1 256

Bates ............................................. − − 2 176 2 176

Ralls ............................................... − − 2 284 2 284

Vernon ........................................... − − 1 122 1 122

Montana ............................................. 1 3 7 41,636 8 41,640

Big Horn ........................................ − − 4 24,779 4 24,779

Musselshell ................................... 1 3 − − 1 3

Richland ........................................ − − 1 323 1 323

Rosebud ........................................ − − 2 16,535 2 16,535

New Mexico ...................................... 1 950 6 27,091 7 28,041

Colfax ............................................ 1 950 1 1,194 2 2,144

McKinley ........................................ − − 2 11,993 2 11,993

San Juan ....................................... − − 3 13,903 3 13,903

North Dakota .................................... − − 6 32,286 6 32,286

Bowman ........................................ − − 1 2,317 1 2,317

McLean ......................................... − − 1 7,146 1 7,146

Mercer ........................................... − − 2 17,273 2 17,273

Oliver ............................................. − − 2 5,550 2 5,550

Ohio .................................................... 10 13,607 124 16,290 134 29,897

Belmont ......................................... 1 4,531 12 1,849 13 6,380

Carroll ............................................ − − 3 103 3 103

Columbiana ................................... 4 304 9 662 13 966

Coshocton ..................................... − − 6 1,188 6 1,188

Guernsey ....................................... − − 9 374 9 374

Harrison ......................................... 1 960 11 1,601 12 2,562

Hocking ......................................... − − 1111

Holmes .......................................... − − 4 436 4 436

Jackson ......................................... − − 4 1,424 4 1,424

Jefferson ....................................... 1 359 17 1,163 18 1,522

Lawrence ...................................... − − 1 19 1 19

Mahoning ...................................... − − 2 60 2 60

Meigs ............................................. 2 4,310 − − 2 4,310

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 9 
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Ohio (Continued)

Monroe .......................................... 1 3,143 − − 1 3,143

Morgan .......................................... − − 1 875 1 875

Muskingum .................................... − − 4 498 4 498

Noble ............................................. − − 3 952 3 952

Perry .............................................. − − 6 491 6 491

Stark .............................................. − − 8 390 8 390

Tuscarawas ................................... − − 16 2,174 16 2,174

Vinton ............................................ − − 6 2,016 6 2,016

Washington ................................... − − 1 13 1 13

Oklahoma .......................................... 1 135 13 1,776 14 1,911

Craig .............................................. − − 1 149 1 149

Haskell ........................................... − − 2 30 2 30

Latimer .......................................... − − 1 311 1 311

Le Flore ......................................... − − 5 1,118 5 1,118

Nowata .......................................... − − 2 151 2 151

Okmulgee ...................................... 1 135 1 7 2 142

Wagoner ........................................ − − 1 10 1 10

Pennsylvania ..................................... 113 39,974 392 22,263 505 62,237

Allegheny ...................................... 2 36 5 23 7 60

Armstrong ..................................... 13 4,428 21 923 34 5,352

Beaver ........................................... − − 2 124 2 124

Bedford .......................................... − − 1212

Blair ................................................ − − 1 70 1 70

Butler ............................................. − − 14 465 14 465

Cambria ......................................... 5 942 14 1,615 19 2,557

Carbon ........................................... − − 1 343 1 343

Centre ............................................ − − 4 89 4 89

Clarion ........................................... − − 9 1,196 9 1,196

Clearfield ....................................... 1 69 66 4,722 67 4,791

Clinton ........................................... − − 1 21 1 21

Columbia ....................................... 1 94 6 150 7 244

Dauphin ......................................... 1 2 − − 1 2

Elk .................................................. − − 9 468 9 468

Fayette .......................................... − − 29 598 29 598

Greene .......................................... 13 26,551 3 91 16 26,642

Indiana ........................................... 12 3,735 20 1,064 32 4,799

Jefferson ....................................... 3 631 30 913 33 1,544

Lackawanna .................................. − − 6 274 6 274

Lawrence ...................................... − − 6 179 6 179

Luzerne ......................................... − − 18 825 18 825

Lycoming ....................................... − − 1 283 1 283

Mercer ........................................... − − 2 21 2 21

Northumberland ........................... 11 39 9 239 20 278

Schuylkill ....................................... 36 208 52 2,443 88 2,652

Snyder ........................................... − − 1212

Somerset ....................................... 9 2,227 32 3,827 41 6,054

Sullivan .......................................... − − 1111

Washington ................................... 6 1,012 8 702 14 1,714

Westmoreland .............................. − − 20 589 20 589

Tennessee ......................................... 17 1,893 7 1,093 24 2,987

Campbell ....................................... 6 1,086 3 304 9 1,390

Claiborne ....................................... − − 1 207 1 207

Fentress ........................................ − − 1 86 1 86

Marion ........................................... 1 72 1 51 2 123

Morgan .......................................... 3 136 − − 3 136

Scott .............................................. 1 201 − − 1 201

Sequatchie .................................... 6 398 1 445 7 843

Texas .................................................. − − 13 52,346 13 52,346

Atascosa ....................................... − − 1 2,874 1 2,874

Freestone ...................................... − − 1 5,311 1 5,311

Grimes ........................................... − − 1 3,639 1 3,639

Harrison ......................................... − − 2 3,670 2 3,670

Leon ............................................... − − 1 8,544 1 8,544

Milam ............................................. − − 1 5,889 1 5,889

Panola ........................................... − − 1 8,157 1 8,157

Robertson ..................................... − − 1 1,901 1 1,901

Rusk .............................................. − − 1 5,285 1 5,285

Titus ............................................... − − 1 6,739 1 6,739

Webb ............................................. − − 2 337 2 337

See footnotes at end of table.

10 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Utah .................................................... 14 24,399 − − 14 24,399

Carbon ........................................... 8 11,240 − − 8 11,240

Emery ............................................ 5 9,590 − − 5 9,590

Sevier ............................................ 1 3,569 − − 1 3,569

Virginia ............................................... 180 28,054 51 9,075 231 37,129

Buchanan ...................................... 83 12,361 6 1,233 89 13,594

Dickenson ..................................... 17 2,511 12 1,793 29 4,303

Lee ................................................. 13 1,896 3 576 16 2,472

Russell ........................................... 8 896 6 572 14 1,468

Scott .............................................. 2 37 − − 2 37

Tazewell ........................................ 21 2,482 − − 21 2,482

Wise ............................................... 36 7,872 24 4,902 60 12,774

Washington ....................................... − − 3 4,893 3 4,893

King ................................................ − − 1 258 1 258

Lewis ............................................. − − 1 2,084 1 2,084

Thurston ........................................ − − 1 2,550 1 2,550

West Virginia .................................... 323 111,679 139 50,097 462 161,776

Barbour .......................................... 4 1,940 7 140 11 2,080

Boone ............................................ 40 17,283 8 9,017 48 26,300

Braxton .......................................... 1 278 1 3 2 281

Brooke ........................................... 1 1,210 1 68 2 1,278

Clay ................................................ 3 101 6 3,334 9 3,435

Fayette .......................................... 5 2,191 7 3,653 12 5,844

Gilmer ............................................ 1 36 − − 1 36

Grant .............................................. 1 2,444 3 664 4 3,107

Greenbrier ..................................... 6 77 7 81 13 159

Harrison ......................................... 5 3,909 6 169 11 4,078

Kanawha ....................................... 8 2,688 7 3,513 15 6,201

Lincoln ........................................... − − 1 977 1 977

Logan ............................................ 26 5,289 12 12,344 38 17,633

Marion ........................................... 5 4,689 3 49 8 4,738

Marshall ......................................... 3 7,695 − − 3 7,695

Mason ............................................ − − 1 67 1 67

McDowell ...................................... 71 4,053 9 888 80 4,941

Mercer ........................................... − − 2 37 2 37

Mineral ........................................... 1 6 2 134 3 140

Mingo ............................................. 44 19,497 15 6,184 59 25,681

Monongalia ................................... 11 15,198 5 864 16 16,062

Nicholas ........................................ 16 2,013 9 2,836 25 4,849

Ohio ............................................... − − 1 37 1 37

Preston .......................................... 10 2,137 10 252 20 2,389

Raleigh .......................................... 17 4,933 2 33 19 4,965

Randolph ....................................... 7 849 1 9 8 858

Tucker ........................................... 1 18 1 117 2 134

Upshur ........................................... 5 1,290 7 612 12 1,901

Wayne ........................................... 4 975 1 1,267 5 2,242

Webster ......................................... 9 2,003 3 2,498 12 4,501

Wyoming ....................................... 18 8,876 1 253 19 9,130

Wyoming ............................................ 3 2,735 26 234,357 29 237,092

Campbell ....................................... − − 17 205,573 17 205,573

Carbon ........................................... 2 2,544 1 1,557 3 4,100

Converse ....................................... − − 2 11,418 2 11,418

Hot Springs ................................... − − 1616

Lincoln ........................................... − − 2 4,612 2 4,612

Sheridan ........................................ − − 1 94 1 94

Sweetwater ................................... 1 191 2 11,099 3 11,290

U.S. Total ........................................... 1,143 399,103 1,211 634,401 2,354 1,033,504

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 11 
Table 5. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing 1 23 4 Continuous Conventional Longwall Other Total State and Region

Alabama ........................................... 2,113 53 12,305 − 14,471

Arkansas .......................................... 12 − − − 12

Colorado .......................................... 3,092 29 13,211 − 16,332

Illinois ............................................... 26,383 − 16,898 − 43,281

Indiana ............................................. 3,316 8 − − 3,324

Kentucky Total ................................ 64,043 16,332 14,391 648 95,414

Eastern .......................................... 48,197 14,990 9,135 648 72,969

Western ......................................... 15,846 1,342 5,257 − 22,445

Maryland .......................................... 175 − 2,664 − 2,839

Montana ........................................... − 3 − − 3

New Mexico ..................................... − − 950 − 950

Ohio .................................................. 1,624 − 11,984 − 13,607

Oklahoma ........................................ 135 − − − 135

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 12,210 992 26,680 92 39,974

Anthracite ...................................... − 250 − 92 343

Bituminous .................................... 12,210 742 26,680 − 39,632

Tennessee ....................................... 1,579 315 − − 1,893

Utah .................................................. 4,175 − 20,224 − 24,399

Virginia ............................................. 14,161 4,222 9,578 93 28,054

West Virginia Total ......................... 47,727 14,138 49,789 25 111,679

Northern ........................................ 6,105 3,457 34,140 − 43,702

Southern ........................................ 41,622 10,681 15,649 25 67,977

Wyoming .......................................... − 191 2,543 − 2,735

 5 Appalachian Total ....................... 127,786 34,709 122,135 857 285,487

 5 Interior Total ................................ 45,692 1,351 22,155 − 69,198 5 Western Total ............................... 7,267 224 36,928 − 44,419

East of Miss. River ....................... 173,331 36,060 144,289 857 354,537

West of Miss. River ...................... 7,414 224 36,928 − 44,566

U.S. Total ........................................ 180,744 36,284 181,218 857 399,103

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method. 2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method. 3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining. 4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method. 5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

12 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine

Production Range, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Number of Mines Production

Mine Production Range

Coal-Producing State, Region (thousand short tons)

and Type of Mining

 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less

 and to to to to than and to to to to than

 over 1,000 500 200 100 10 over 1,000 500 200 100 10

Alabama ............................................................... 7 6 7 9 42 14 12,696 4,774 2,338 1,289 2,101 68

Underground ................................................... 7 2 1 − 1 − 12,696 1,304 418 − 53 −

Surface ............................................................ − 4 6 9 41 14 − 3,470 1,920 1,289 2,048 68

Alaska ................................................................... 1 −−−−− 1,567 − − − − −

Surface ............................................................ 1 −−−−− 1,567 − − − − −

Arizona ................................................................. 2 −−−−− 13,056 − − − − −

Surface ............................................................ 2 −−−−− 13,056 − − − − −

Arkansas .............................................................. −−−− 2 4 − − − − 30 21

Underground ................................................... −−−− 1 − − − − − 12 −

Surface ............................................................ −−−− 1 4 − − − − 18 21

Colorado .............................................................. 9 2 5 − 1 1 22,314 1,295 1,661 − 29 5

Underground ................................................... 6 1 4 − 1 1 14,266 751 1,280 − 29 5

Surface ............................................................ 3 1 1 −−− 8,048 544 380 − − −

Illinois ................................................................... 25 2 6 − 1 − 49,440 1,277 2,052 − 28 −

Underground ................................................... 22 − 1 −−− 43,054 − 227 − − −

Surface ............................................................ 3 2 5 − 1 − 6,386 1,277 1,825 − 28 −

Indiana .................................................................. 10 13 10 5 10 7 17,627 8,369 3,532 771 602 26

Underground ................................................... 2 1 −−− 1 2,658 657 − − − 8

Surface ............................................................ 8 12 10 5 10 6 14,968 7,712 3,532 771 602 17

Iowa ...................................................................... −−−− 1 − − − − − 46 −

Surface ............................................................ −−−− 1 − − − − − 46 −

Kansas .................................................................. − − 1 −−− − − 284 − − −

Surface ............................................................ − − 1 −−− − − 284 − − −

Kentucky Total ................................................... 29 59 130 107 258 90 51,790 41,585 41,209 15,459 11,175 424

Underground ................................................... 15 28 85 72 172 53 32,085 18,736 26,261 10,292 7,790 251

Surface ............................................................ 14 31 45 35 86 37 19,704 22,849 14,948 5,168 3,385 174

Eastern .............................................................. 18 47 115 101 241 85 30,643 32,424 36,065 14,540 10,382 394

Underground ................................................... 8 24 77 71 168 53 16,084 15,574 23,351 10,160 7,550 251

Surface ............................................................ 10 23 38 30 73 32 14,559 16,850 12,714 4,380 2,832 143

Western ............................................................. 11 12 15 6 17 5 21,147 9,161 5,144 919 793 30

Underground ................................................... 7 4 8 1 4 − 16,002 3,162 2,910 132 240 −

Surface ............................................................ 4 8 7 5 13 5 5,145 5,999 2,234 787 553 30

Louisiana .............................................................. 1 1 −−−− 2,697 766 − − − −

Surface ............................................................ 1 1 −−−− 2,697 766 − − − −

Maryland .............................................................. 1 − 1 4 7 7 2,664 − 202 479 253 33

Underground ................................................... 1 − − 1 1 − 2,664 − − 156 19 −

Surface ............................................................ − − 1 3 6 7 − − 202 323 234 33

Missouri ................................................................ − − 141 − − − 256 567 16 −

Surface ............................................................ − − 141 − − − 256 567 16 −

Montana ............................................................... 6 − 1 − − 1 41,313 − 323 − − 3

Underground ................................................... −−−−− 1 − − − − − 3

Surface ............................................................ 6 − 1 −−− 41,313 − 323 − − −

New Mexico ......................................................... 6 1 −−−− 27,091 950 − − − −

Underground ................................................... − 1 −−−− − 950 − − − −

Surface ............................................................ 6 −−−−− 27,091 − − − − −

North Dakota ...................................................... 6 −−−−− 32,286 − − − − −

Surface ............................................................ 6 −−−−− 32,286 − − − − −

Ohio ....................................................................... 4 10 15 15 65 25 11,984 7,982 4,685 2,272 2,891 83

Underground ................................................... 4 1 1 1 3 − 11,984 960 359 191 113 −

Surface ............................................................ − 9 14 14 62 25 − 7,022 4,325 2,081 2,778 83

Oklahoma ............................................................. − − 4 4 3 3 − − 1,170 612 108 20

Underground ................................................... −−− 1 − − − − − 135 − −

Surface ............................................................ − − 4 3 3 3 − − 1,170 477 108 20

Pennsylvania Total ............................................ 9 11 35 36 216 198 29,954 7,350 11,145 4,929 8,071 788

Underground ................................................... 8 6 16 13 21 49 28,070 3,792 5,240 1,747 953 173

Surface ............................................................ 1 5 19 23 195 149 1,884 3,559 5,905 3,183 7,118 615

Anthracite ......................................................... − 1 5 6 40 91 − 566 1,372 792 1,545 346

Underground ................................................... −−−− 5 44 − − − − 190 153

Surface ............................................................ − 1 5 6 35 47 − 566 1,372 792 1,355 193

Bituminous ........................................................ 9 10 30 30 176 107 29,954 6,784 9,773 4,137 6,525 443

Underground ................................................... 8 6 16 13 16 5 28,070 3,792 5,240 1,747 763 20

Surface ............................................................ 1 4 14 17 160 102 1,884 2,992 4,533 2,391 5,762 422

Tennessee ........................................................... − 1 6 1 14 2 − 632 1,462 104 776 12

Underground ................................................... − 1 3 1 10 2 − 632 604 104 541 12

Surface ............................................................ − − 3 − 4 − − − 858 − 235 −

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 13 
Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine

Production Range, 1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Number of Mines Production

Mine Production Range

Coal-Producing State, Region (thousand short tons)

and Type of Mining

 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less

 and to to to to than and to to to to than

 over 1,000 500 200 100 10 over 1,000 500 200 100 10

Texas .................................................................... 10 − 2 − 1 − 51,761 − 501 − 84 −

Surface ............................................................ 10 − 2 − 1 − 51,761 − 501 − 84 −

Utah ....................................................................... 8 1 2 1 2 − 22,930 584 714 107 65 −

Underground ................................................... 8 1 2 1 2 − 22,930 584 714 107 65 −

Virginia ................................................................. 4 12 35 40 104 36 7,401 7,681 10,556 5,880 5,471 141

Underground ................................................... 4 7 23 30 88 28 7,401 4,762 6,689 4,376 4,716 110

Surface ............................................................ − 5 12 10 16 8 − 2,919 3,867 1,504 755 31

Washington ......................................................... 2 − 1 −−− 4,635 − 258 − − −

Surface ............................................................ 2 − 1 −−− 4,635 − 258 − − −

West Virginia Total ............................................ 42 34 96 61 163 66 88,272 24,217 31,859 9,486 7,655 286

Underground ................................................... 27 18 77 45 122 34 60,541 12,886 25,183 7,138 5,772 159

Surface ............................................................ 15 16 19 16 41 32 27,732 11,331 6,676 2,348 1,883 128

Northern ............................................................ 16 2 17 16 45 20 37,806 1,436 5,890 2,266 1,843 75

Underground ................................................... 14 1 15 10 19 6 35,439 692 5,245 1,479 828 19

Surface ............................................................ 2 1 2 6 26 14 2,367 744 645 787 1,015 56

Southern ............................................................ 26 32 79 45 118 46 50,466 22,781 25,969 7,220 5,813 211

Underground ................................................... 13 17 62 35 103 28 25,102 12,194 19,938 5,659 4,944 139

Surface ............................................................ 13 15 17 10 15 18 25,365 10,587 6,031 1,561 868 72

Wyoming .............................................................. 21 1 2 1 2 2 235,621 671 423 191 180 6

Underground ................................................... 1 − − 1 − 1 2,543 − − 191 − *

Surface ............................................................ 20 1 2 − 2 1 233,077 671 423 − 180 6

 1 Appalachian Total ............................................. 85 121 310 267 852 433 183,613 85,060 98,312 38,979 37,600 1,806

Underground ................................................... 59 59 198 162 414 166 139,438 39,910 61,845 23,872 19,716 705

Surface ............................................................ 26 62 112 105 438 267 44,174 45,150 36,467 15,107 17,883 1,102 1 Interior Total ...................................................... 57 28 39 19 36 19 142,672 19,573 12,940 2,870 1,707 97

Underground ................................................... 31 5 9 2 5 1 61,714 3,819 3,137 267 252 8

Surface ............................................................ 26 23 30 17 31 18 80,958 15,753 9,803 2,603 1,455 89 1 Western Total .................................................... 61 5 11 2 5 4 400,812 3,499 3,379 298 274 14

Underground ................................................... 15 3 6 2 3 3 39,740 2,284 1,994 298 94 8

Surface ............................................................ 46 2 5 − 2 1 361,072 1,215 1,385 − 180 6

East of Miss. River ............................................ 131 148 341 278 880 445 271,826 103,866 109,041 40,670 39,023 1,863

Underground ................................................... 90 64 207 163 418 167 201,152 43,729 64,983 24,004 19,956 713

Surface ............................................................ 41 84 134 115 462 278 70,674 60,137 44,058 16,665 19,066 1,150

West of Miss. River ........................................... 72 6 19 10 13 11 455,271 4,265 5,591 1,477 558 55

Underground ................................................... 15 3 6 3 4 3 39,740 2,284 1,994 432 106 8

Surface ............................................................ 57 3 13 7 9 8 415,530 1,981 3,597 1,044 451 47

U.S. Total ............................................................. 203 154 360 288 893 456 727,097 108,131 114,632 42,146 39,580 1,918

Underground ...................................................... 105 67 213 166 422 170 240,892 46,013 66,977 24,437 20,063 721

Surface ............................................................... 98 87 147 122 471 286 486,205 62,118 47,655 17,710 19,518 1,197

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

14 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 7. U.S. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coalbed Thickness Underground Surface Total (inches)

< 7 ................................................. − 257 257

7-12 ................................................. − 2,281 2,281

13-18 ............................................... − 7,199 7,199

19-24 ............................................... 1,001 24,794 25,795

25-30 ............................................... 6,182 27,575 33,757

31-36 ............................................... 33,885 38,095 71,980

37-42 ............................................... 28,631 22,359 50,990

43-48 ............................................... 36,351 19,831 56,181

49-54 ............................................... 32,764 22,632 55,396

55-60 ............................................... 45,641 21,777 67,418

61-66 ............................................... 48,219 16,519 64,737

67-72 ............................................... 33,234 26,464 59,698

73-78 ............................................... 33,323 9,632 42,954

79-84 ............................................... 27,165 3,145 30,310

85-90 ............................................... 3,181 9,868 13,049

91-96 ............................................... 15,919 15,063 30,982

97-102 ............................................ 12,255 4,602 16,857

103-108 .......................................... 5,073 22,456 27,529

109-114 .......................................... 5,005 1,570 6,575

115-120 .......................................... 7,327 3,040 10,367

> 120 ........................................... 23,227 334,046 357,273

 1 Unknown ...................................... 721 1,197 1,918

U.S. Total ...................................... 399,103 634,401 1,033,504

1 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 15 
Table 8. U.S. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and

Mine Type, 1994

Production Thickness 1 Coalbed ID Number (thousand short tons) (inches) 2 Coalbed Name 3 Underground Surface Total Average Low High

1699 Wyodak ......................................................... − 206,923 206,923 823 108 1,320

0036 Pittsburgh ...................................................... 64,089 3,533 67,622 71 12 180

0484 No. 6 .............................................................. 35,294 6,091 41,385 78 36 100

0489 No. 9 .............................................................. 28,460 10,643 39,103 61 32 84

0111 Hazard No. 5-A ............................................ 12,964 23,970 36,934 78 12 226

1569 Beulah-Zap ................................................... − 25,847 25,847 157 60 180

0135 Hazard No. 4 ................................................ 19,812 2,230 22,042 45 26 80

0084 Lower Kittanning .......................................... 6,402 15,385 21,787 61 10 150

0168 Lower Elkhorn .............................................. 17,411 1,683 19,094 56 18 128

1808 Rosebud ........................................................ − 18,957 18,957 264 216 276

0071 Upper Freeport ............................................. 12,339 5,048 17,386 59 6 96

0344 Pocahontas No. 3 ........................................ 14,627 79 14,705 71 36 98

0157 Elkhorn No. 3 ............................................... 12,417 2,182 14,599 62 15 120

0154 Elkhorn No. 2 ............................................... 12,315 2,039 14,354 53 10 72

0103 Stockton-Lewiston ....................................... 3,325 10,986 14,311 62 12 102

0151 Elkhorn No. 1 ............................................... 9,853 3,180 13,033 45 12 96

0076 Upper Kittanning .......................................... 6,294 4,807 11,100 46 14 96

0483 No. VI ............................................................ − 10,155 10,155 51 22 86

Major Coalbeds Total .............................................. 255,600 353,738 609,339 332 6 1,320

Other Coalbeds ........................................................ 142,782 279,467 422,248 128 3 972

 4 Unknown ................................................................... 721 1,197 1,918 NA NA NA

U.S. Total ................................................................... 399,103 634,401 1,033,504 248 3 1,320

1 The coalbed ID number is a unique code assigned by EIA to each correlated coalbed or to coal-bearing geologic formations, coal groups, or coal

zones. 2 The coalbed name given is the name most commonly used in the State having the greatest production from that coalbed. The States having the

greatest production for each coalbed are: Eastern Kentucky (coalbeds 0111, 0135, 0151, 0154, 0157, 0168); West Virginia (0036, 0084, 0103, 0344);

Pennsylvania (0071,0076); Western Kentucky (0489); Indiana (0483); Illinois (0484); North Dakota (1569); Montana (1808); Wyoming (1699). In some other

States where these are major producing beds, the following alternate coalbed names are also used: 0084, No. 5 Block (Eastern Kentucky); 0111, Coalburg (West Virginia); 0135, Chilton (West Virginia); 0151, Jellico (Tennesee), Taggert (Virginia), Cedar Grove (West Virginia); 0154, Lower Cedar Grove

(West Virginia); 0157, Upper Standiford (Virginia), Alma (West Virginia); 0168, No. 2 Gas (West Virginia); 0483, No. 12 (Western Kentucky); 0484, No. 11

(Western Kentucky); 0489, No. 5 (Illinois and Indiana). 3 Average thickness is the bed thickness weighted by bed production. 4 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. NA Not available.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. A major coalbed is

defined here as a coalbed from which 10 million short tons of coal were produced during the year. The category ‘‘Other Coalbeds’’ includes all coalbeds

from which less than 10 million short tons were produced during the year. In some regions coalbeds are characteristically discontinous or uncorrelatable

from one location to another, and production is identified by the geological formations, coal groups, or coal zones of the native rock where the coalbeds

occur. These types of coalbeds are found primarily in the Rocky Mountain States and in the Gulf Coast lignite belt. Coalbeds of these types are included in ‘‘Other Coalbeds,’’ even though production may exceed 10 million short tons, because numerous separate coalbeds contribute to the totals.

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

16 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 9. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total

 Coal-Producing Number Number Number Number Number State and Region of Production of Production of Production of Production of Production

Mines Mines Mines Mines Mines

Alabama ........................................... 85 23,266 − − − − − − 85 23,266

Alaska .............................................. − − 1 1,567 − − − − 1 1,567

Arizona ............................................. 2 13,056 − − − − − − 2 13,056

Arkansas .......................................... 4 25 − − − − 2 25 6 51

Colorado .......................................... 15 18,104 3 7,200 − − − − 18 25,304

Illinois ............................................... 34 52,797 − − − − − − 34 52,797

Indiana ............................................. 55 30,927 − − − − − − 55 30,927

Iowa .................................................. 1 46 − − − − − − 1 46

Kansas ............................................. 1 284 − − − − − − 1 284

Kentucky Total ................................ 673 161,642 − − − − − − 673 161,642

Eastern .......................................... 607 124,447 − − − − − − 607 124,447

Western ......................................... 66 37,195 − − − − − − 66 37,195

Louisiana .......................................... − − − − 2 3,463 − − 2 3,463

Maryland .......................................... 20 3,632 − − − − − − 20 3,632

Missouri ............................................ 6 838 − − − − − − 6 838

Montana ........................................... − − 7 41,316 1 323 − − 8 41,640

New Mexico ..................................... 5 16,599 2 11,442 − − − − 7 28,041

North Dakota ................................... − − − − 6 32,286 − − 6 32,286

Ohio .................................................. 134 29,897 − − − − − − 134 29,897

Oklahoma ........................................ 14 1,911 − − − − − − 14 1,911

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 362 57,616 − − − − 143 4,621 505 62,237

Anthracite ...................................... − − − − − − 143 4,621 143 4,621

Bituminous .................................... 362 57,616 − − − − − − 362 57,616

Tennessee ....................................... 24 2,987 − − − − − − 24 2,987

Texas ................................................ 2 337 − − 11 52,009 − − 13 52,346

Utah .................................................. 14 24,399 − − − − − − 14 24,399

Virginia ............................................. 231 37,129 − − − − − − 231 37,129

Washington ...................................... 1 258 2 4,635 − − − − 3 4,893

West Virginia Total ......................... 462 161,776 −−−−−− 462 161,776

Northern ........................................ 116 49,316 − − − − − − 116 49,316

Southern ........................................ 346 112,460 − − − − − − 346 112,460

Wyoming .......................................... 3 2,735 26 234,357 − − − − 29 237,092

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 1,925 440,750 − − − − 143 4,621 2,068 445,370 1 Interior Total ................................ 183 124,361 − − 13 55,472 2 25 198 179,858 1 Western Total ............................... 40 75,150 41 300,517 7 32,609 − − 88 408,276

East of Miss. River ....................... 2,080 561,668 −−−− 143 4,621 2,223 566,289

West of Miss. River ...................... 68 78,592 41 300,517 20 88,081 2 25 131 467,216

U.S. Total ........................................ 2,148 640,260 41 300,517 20 88,081 145 4,646 2,354 1,033,504

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 17 
Table 10. Coal Production by State, Coal Rank, and Group, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Bituminous Coal-Producing Bituminous Bituminous Bituminous Subbitumi- Medium Lignite Anthracite Total 1 State and Region Low Volatile High Volatile Total nous Volatile

Alabama ................................................. 4,292 5,477 13,252 23,266 −−− 23,266

Alaska .................................................... −−−− 1,567 − − 1,567

Arizona ................................................... − − 13,056 13,056 −−− 13,056

Arkansas ................................................ 25 − − 25 − − 25 51

Colorado ................................................ − 1,114 16,990 18,104 7,200 − − 25,304

Illinois ..................................................... − 1,342 51,455 52,797 −−− 52,797

Indiana .................................................... − − 30,927 30,927 −−− 30,927

Iowa ........................................................ − − 46 46 −−− 46

Kansas ................................................... − − 284 284 −−− 284

Kentucky Total ...................................... 1,162 1,973 158,506 161,642 −−− 161,642

Eastern ................................................ 1,162 1,973 121,312 124,447 −−− 124,447

Western ............................................... − − 37,195 37,195 −−− 37,195

Louisiana ................................................ −−−−− 3,463 − 3,463

Maryland ................................................ 3,607 − 25 3,632 −−− 3,632

Missouri .................................................. − − 838 838 −−− 838

Montana ................................................. −−−− 41,316 323 − 41,640

New Mexico ........................................... − 5,389 11,209 16,599 11,442 − − 28,041

North Dakota ......................................... −−−−− 32,286 − 32,286

Ohio ........................................................ 15 1,448 28,025 29,897 −−− 29,897

Oklahoma .............................................. 830 318 763 1,911 −−− 1,911

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 6,242 14,289 37,086 57,616 − − 4,621 62,237

Anthracite ............................................ −−−−−− 4,621 4,621

Bituminous .......................................... 6,242 14,289 37,086 57,616 −−− 57,616

Tennessee ............................................. − 531 2,456 2,987 −−− 2,987

Texas ...................................................... − 337 − 337 − 52,009 − 52,346

Utah ........................................................ − − 24,399 24,399 −−− 24,399

Virginia ................................................... − 17,566 19,563 37,129 −−− 37,129

Washington ............................................ − − 258 258 4,635 − − 4,893

West Virginia Total ............................... 16,737 8,456 136,068 161,776 −−− 161,776

Northern .............................................. 3,943 1,988 42,901 49,316 −−− 49,316

Southern .............................................. 12,794 6,468 93,167 112,460 −−− 112,460

Wyoming ................................................ − − 2,735 2,735 234,357 − − 237,092

 2 Appalachian Total ............................. 32,054 49,740 357,787 440,750 − − 4,621 445,370 2 Interior Total ...................................... 856 1,997 121,508 124,361 − 55,472 25 179,858 2 Western Total ..................................... − 6,503 68,647 75,150 300,517 32,609 − 408,276

East of Miss. River ............................. 32,054 51,082 477,364 561,668 − − 4,621 566,289

West of Miss. River ............................ 856 7,158 70,579 78,592 300,517 88,081 25 467,216

U.S. Total .............................................. 32,910 58,240 547,942 640,260 300,517 88,081 4,646 1,033,504

1 Includes bituminous production with volatile content not reported. 2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Refer to the Classification of Coals by Rank table in Appendix C for coal group definitions. Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

18 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Alabama .......................................... 16,639 − 16,639 6,558 23,197

Underground .............................. 12,971 − 12,971 1,500 14,471

Surface ....................................... 3,668 − 3,668 5,058 8,726

Alaska .............................................. − 1,567 1,567 − 1,567

Surface ....................................... − 1,567 1,567 − 1,567

Arizona ............................................ 13,056 − 13,056 − 13,056

Surface ....................................... 13,056 − 13,056 − 13,056

Arkansas ......................................... − − − 30 30

Underground .............................. − − − 12 12

Surface ....................................... − − − 18 18

Colorado ......................................... 6,887 2,040 8,927 16,372 25,299

Underground .............................. 4,364 − 4,364 11,963 16,327

Surface ....................................... 2,523 2,040 4,563 4,409 8,972

Illinois .............................................. 39,841 2,435 42,276 10,521 52,797

Underground .............................. 31,527 2,435 33,961 9,320 43,281

Surface ....................................... 8,315 − 8,315 1,201 9,516

Indiana ............................................ 14,456 515 14,971 15,931 30,901

Underground .............................. 1,975 − 1,975 1,340 3,316

Surface ....................................... 12,481 515 12,995 14,590 27,585

Iowa ................................................. − − − 46 46

Surface ....................................... − − − 46 46

Kansas ............................................ 284 − 284 − 284

Surface ....................................... 284 − 284 − 284

Kentucky Total .............................. 18,648 1,229 19,878 141,340 161,218

Underground .............................. 16,738 282 17,020 78,144 95,164

Surface ....................................... 1,910 947 2,858 63,196 66,054

Eastern ......................................... 9,023 1,229 10,253 113,801 124,053

Underground .............................. 8,758 282 9,040 63,678 72,718

Surface ....................................... 265 947 1,212 50,123 51,335

Western ........................................ 9,625 − 9,625 27,539 37,164

Underground .............................. 7,980 − 7,980 14,466 22,445

Surface ....................................... 1,645 − 1,645 13,073 14,719

Louisiana ........................................ − − − 3,463 3,463

Surface ....................................... − − − 3,463 3,463

Maryland ......................................... − − − 3,598 3,598

Underground .............................. − − − 2,839 2,839

Surface ....................................... − − − 759 759

Missouri .......................................... − − − 838 838

Surface ....................................... − − − 838 838

Montana .......................................... 13,933 17,766 31,699 9,937 41,636

Surface ....................................... 13,933 17,766 31,699 9,937 41,636

New Mexico ................................... 10,411 13,903 24,314 3,726 28,041

Underground .............................. 950 − 950 − 950

Surface ....................................... 9,461 13,903 23,365 3,726 27,091

North Dakota ................................. 4,903 4,412 9,315 22,971 32,286

Surface ....................................... 4,903 4,412 9,315 22,971 32,286

Ohio ................................................. 14,304 148 14,453 15,361 29,814

Underground .............................. 11,984 − 11,984 1,624 13,607

Surface ....................................... 2,321 148 2,469 13,738 16,207

Oklahoma ....................................... − 141 141 1,750 1,891

Underground .............................. − − − 135 135

Surface ....................................... − 141 141 1,615 1,756

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 20,137 62 20,199 41,249 61,449

Underground .............................. 18,606 − 18,606 21,195 39,801

Surface ....................................... 1,532 62 1,594 20,054 21,648

Anthracite .................................... 1,318 62 1,380 2,895 4,275

Underground .............................. − − − 190 190

Surface ....................................... 1,318 62 1,380 2,705 4,085

Bituminous .................................. 18,819 − 18,819 38,354 57,173

Underground .............................. 18,606 − 18,606 21,006 39,611

Surface ....................................... 214 − 214 17,348 17,562

Tennessee ...................................... − − − 2,975 2,975

Underground .............................. − − − 1,882 1,882

Surface ....................................... − − − 1,093 1,093

Texas ............................................... − 31,629 31,629 20,717 52,346

Surface ....................................... − 31,629 31,629 20,717 52,346

Utah ................................................. 8,779 − 8,779 15,620 24,399

Underground .............................. 8,779 − 8,779 15,620 24,399

Virginia ............................................ 11,366 − 11,366 25,622 36,988

Underground .............................. 10,588 − 10,588 17,356 27,944

Surface ....................................... 778 − 778 8,267 9,045

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 19 
Table 11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Washington .................................... − 4,635 4,635 258 4,893

Surface ....................................... − 4,635 4,635 258 4,893

West Virginia Total ...................... 81,407 − 81,407 80,082 161,489

Underground .............................. 61,974 − 61,974 49,546 111,520

Surface ....................................... 19,433 − 19,433 30,536 49,969

Northern ....................................... 35,109 − 35,109 14,132 49,241

Underground .............................. 35,109 − 35,109 8,574 43,683

Surface ....................................... − − − 5,558 5,558

Southern ...................................... 46,298 − 46,298 65,950 112,248

Underground .............................. 26,865 − 26,865 40,972 67,837

Surface ....................................... 19,433 − 19,433 24,978 44,411

Wyoming ......................................... 4,706 3,158 7,864 229,222 237,086

Underground .............................. − − − 2,735 2,735

Surface ....................................... 4,706 3,158 7,864 226,488 234,351

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 152,877 1,440 154,317 289,247 443,564

Underground .............................. 124,880 282 125,163 159,620 284,782

Surface ....................................... 27,997 1,158 29,154 129,628 158,782 1 Interior Total ................................ 64,207 34,719 98,926 80,835 179,761

Underground .............................. 41,482 2,435 43,916 25,273 69,189

Surface ....................................... 22,725 32,285 55,010 55,562 110,571 1 Western Total ............................... 62,674 47,482 110,156 298,106 408,262

Underground .............................. 14,094 − 14,094 30,317 44,411

Surface ....................................... 48,581 47,482 96,062 267,789 363,852

East of Miss. River ....................... 216,799 4,389 221,188 343,238 564,426

Underground .............................. 166,362 2,717 169,079 184,745 353,824

Surface ....................................... 50,437 1,672 52,109 158,492 210,602

West of Miss. River ...................... 62,959 79,252 142,210 324,950 467,161

Underground .............................. 14,094 − 14,094 30,464 44,558

Surface ....................................... 48,865 79,252 128,117 294,486 422,603

 2 Unknown ....................................... NA NA NA NA 1,918

Underground .............................. NA NA NA NA 721

Surface ....................................... NA NA NA NA 1,197

U.S. Total ........................................ 279,758 83,641 363,399 668,188 1,033,504

Underground ................................. 180,456 2,717 183,173 215,209 399,103

Surface .......................................... 99,302 80,924 180,226 452,979 634,401

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 2 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. NA Not available.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

20 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 12. Coal Mining Acreage, Production and Royalties from Federal

and Indian Leases by State, 1994

 Federal Leases Indian Leases

 Coal-Producing

State and Region Acres Production Royalties Acres Production Royalties

Leased (thousand short tons) (thousand dollars) Leased (thousand short tons) (thousand dollars)

Alabama ............................. 3,456 7 18 −− −

Arizona ............................... −− − 64,858 12,264 32,839

Colorado ............................. 36,583 15,474 30,731 −− −

Kentucky ............................ 3,211 101 177 −− −

Montana ............................. 39,141 30,615 41,959 14,746 4,134 1,979

New Mexico ....................... 14,142 6,466 22,910 36,026 12,524 34,086

North Dakota ..................... 6,632 1,696 761 −− −

Oklahoma ........................... 10,004 1,051 1,011 −− −

Utah .................................... 50,767 22,139 33,993 −− −

Washington ........................ 241 280 502 −− −

Wyoming ............................ 126,134 214,692 159,209 −− −

 1 Appalachian Total .......... 3,456 7 18 −− − 1 Interior Total ................... 13,215 1,151 1,188 −− − 1 Western Total ................. 273,640 291,361 290,065 115,630 28,921 68,904

East of Miss. River ......... 6,667 108 194 −− −

West of Miss. River ........ 283,644 292,412 291,076 115,630 28,921 68,904

U.S. Total .......................... 290,311 292,520 291,271 115,630 28,921 68,904

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Note: U.S. Total for this table represents Federal and Indian Leases only. Output from Federal and Indian Lands is reported as sales volume, the

basis for royalties. It is approximately equivalent to production, which includes coal sold and coal added to stockpiles. Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service (MMS), Mineral Revenues, 1994, Report on Receipts from Federal and Indian Leases.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 21 
Table 13. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 1994

Production Rank Mine Name/Company Mine Type State (short tons)

1 Black Thunder/ARCO Surface Wyoming 31,651,762

2 Rochelle/Rochelle Coal Surface Wyoming 22,677,045

3 Jacobs Ranch/Kerr McGee Surface Wyoming 20,550,847

4 Belle Ayr/Amax Coal Surface Wyoming 18,361,868

5 Eagle Butte/Amax Coal Surface Wyoming 17,166,698

6 Caballo Rojo/Caballo Rojo Surface Wyoming 16,611,486

7 Cordero/Cordero Mining Surface Wyoming 16,388,909

8 Freedom-Coteau/Coteau Properties Surface North Dakota 15,824,803

9 Caballo/Peabody Surface Wyoming 14,442,646

10 North Antelope/North Antelope Coal Co. Surface Wyoming 14,147,809

11 Rosebud/Western Energy Surface Montana 13,440,088

12 Rawhide/Peabody Surface Wyoming 12,858,787

13 Buckskin/Triton Coal Surface Wyoming 11,019,922

14 Spring Creek/Spring Creek Coal Surface Montana 9,937,474

15 Jewett/Northwestern Resources Surface Texas 8,544,478

16 Keyenta/Peabody Coal Surface Arizona 8,389,220

17 McKinley/Pittsburg & Midway Surface New Mexico 8,267,002

18 Antelope/Antelope Coal Surface Wyoming 8,259,637

19 Martin Lake/Texas Utilities Surface Texas 8,156,676

20 Enlow Fork/CONSOL Underground Pennsylvania 8,106,209

21 West Decker/Decker Coal Surface Montana 7,726,969

22 Navajo/BHP Minerals Surface New Mexico 7,716,000

23 Falkirk/Falkirk Mining Surface North Dakota 7,146,014

24 Jim Bridger/Bridger Coal Surface Wyoming 7,068,873

25 Monticello-Winfield/Texas Utilities Surface Texas 6,739,434

26 Bailey No. 1/CONSOL Underground Pennsylvania 6,585,774

27 Sandow-Rockdale/ALCOA Surface Texas 5,889,299

28 Big Brown/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 5,311,414

29 Martin Lake/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 5,284,549

30 Foidel Creek/Cyprus Western Underground Colorado 5,004,889

31 Skyline/Coastal States Energy Underground Colorado 4,981,647

32 Black Mesa/Peabody Coal Surface Arizona 4,666,320

33 Mountaineer/Ashland Coal Underground West Virginia 4,580,943

34 Powhatan No. 6/Ohio Valley Coal Underground Ohio 4,531,094

35 San Juan/BHP Minerals Surface New Mexico 4,439,471

36 U.S. Steel No. 50/USX Underground West Virginia 4,420,926

37 Center/BNI Coal Surface North Dakota 4,412,374

38 Colowyo/Colowyo Coal Surface Colorado 4,409,290

39 Absaloka/Westmoreland Resources Surface Montana 4,326,340

40 Mount Gunnison/ARCO Underground Colorado 4,248,072

41 McElroy/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 4,084,048

42 Federal No. 2/Eastern Associated Underground West Virginia 4,067,376

43 Black Butte/Black Butte Coal Surface Wyoming 4,029,770

44 Deer Creek/Pacificorp Underground Utah 4,022,409

45 Galatia No. 56/Kerr-McGee Underground Illinois 4,017,007

46 Cumberland/Cyprus Cumberland Underground Pennsylvania 3,990,437

47 Kemmerer/Pittsburg & Midway Surface Wyoming 3,940,631

48 No. 37/Arch of Kentucky Underground Kentucky 3,934,000

49 Dry Fork/Western Energy Surface Wyoming 3,842,740

50 Blacksville No. 2/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 3,733,393

51 Lee Ranch/Santa Fe Pacific Coal Surface New Mexico 3,726,186

52 Gibbons Creek/Navasota Mining Surface Texas 3,638,809

53 Southern Utah Fuel/Coastal States Energy Underground Utah 3,569,462

54 Lynnville/Peabody Coal Surface Indiana 3,506,394

55 Peats Branch No. 3/Old Hickory Coal Surface West Virginia 3,480,190

56 Cottonwood-Wilberg/Pacificorp Underground Utah 3,476,145

57 Emerald No. 1/Cyprus Emerald Resources Underground Pennsylvania 3,427,067

58 South Hallsville No. 1/Sabine Mining Surface Texas 3,421,751

59 Robinson Run/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 3,327,789

60 Shamrock No. 18/Elk River Resources Underground Kentucky 3,277,646

61 Humphrey No. 7/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 3,255,877

62 Dave Johnston/Pacificorp Surface Wyoming 3,157,922

63 Powhatan No. 4/CONSOL Underground Ohio 3,142,743

64 Big Sky/Peabody Coal Surface Montana 3,094,439

65 Loveridge No. 22/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 3,066,527

66 Camp No. 1/Peabody Coal Underground Kentucky 3,052,354

67 Old Ben No. 26/Old Ben Coal Underground Illinois 3,050,000

68 Buchanan No. 1/CONSOL Underground Virginia 3,007,986

69 Monterey No. 2/Monterey Coal Underground Illinois 3,006,741

* Subtotal 496,640,897

* All Other Mines 536,863,396

* U.S. Total 1,033,504,293

Notes: Major mines are mines that produced more than 3 million short tons in 1994. The company is the firm owning the mineral rights to the

mined coal.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S.

22 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 14. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 1994

 Production Rank Company Name Percent of Total Production (thousand short tons)

1 Peabody Holding Co., Inc. 119,309 11.5

2 Cyprus AMAX Minerals Co. 76,185 7.4

3 Consol Energy Inc. 70,547 6.8

4 Kennecott Energy Co. 44,813 4.3

5 Zeigler Coal Holding Co. 40,683 3.9

6 ARCO Coal Co. 38,447 3.7

7 Montana Power Co. 30,177 2.9

8 North American Coal Corp. 27,158 2.6

9 Texas Utilities Co. 25,492 2.5

10 Kerr-McGee Coal Corp. 24,770 2.4

11 Arch Mineral Corp. 22,918 2.2

12 A.T. Massey Coal Co. 17,303 1.7

13 Pittsburg & Midway Coal Co. 16,771 1.6

14 Marigold Land Co. 16,697 1.6

15 Kiewit Coal Properties 16,540 1.6

16 Ashland Coal Inc. 14,887 1.4

17 BHP Utah Minerals 13,903 1.3

18 Pittston Coal Group 12,672 1.2

19 Mapco Coal Inc. 11,834 1.1

20 Costain Coal Inc. 11,298 1.1

21 Westmoreland Resources 10,701 1.0

22 Addington Inc. 10,185 1.0

23 Coastal Corp. 10,074 1.0

24 U.S. Steel Mining Co. 7,806 .8

25 Black Beauty Coal Co. 7,647 .7

26 PacifiCorp 7,520 .7

27 Drummond Co. 6,979 .7

28 Jim Walters Resources Inc. 6,882 .7

29 Sun Coal Co. 6,566 .6

30 Transco Coal Co. 6,543 .6

31 Golden Oak Mining Co. 5,959 .6

32 ALCOA 5,889 .6

33 Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal 5,236 .5

34 MDU Resources Group Inc. 5,226 .5

35 Exxon Coal USA Inc. 5,148 .5

36 General Dynamics Corp. 5,021 .5

37 Dal-Tex Coal Corp. 4,773 .5

38 Washington Water Power 4,635 .4

39 Ohio Valley Resources 4,531 .4

40 Andalex Resources 4,450 .4

41 Minnesota Power & Light 4,412 .4

42 W R Grace & Co. 4,409 .4

43 Southern Ohio Coal Co. 4,310 .4

44 Teco Coal Corp. 4,025 .4

45 Santa Fe Southern Pacific 3,726 .4

46 Texas Municipal Power 3,639 .4

47 Great Western Resources 3,480 .3

48 James River Coal Co. 3,475 .3

49 Mincorp Inc. 3,171 .3

50 San Miguel Electric CoOp 2,874 .3

51 Dolet Hills Mining 2,853 .3

52 Black Hills Corp. 2,796 .3

53 BethEnergy Mines Inc. 2,617 .3

54 Central Ohio Coal Co. 2,500 .2

55 Solar Sources 2,367 .2

56 A N R Coal Co. 2,360 .2

57 Dorchester Coal Co. 2,227 .2

58 Pyramid Mining 2,091 .2

59 Williams Fork Co. 2,040 .2

* Subtotal 843,547 81.6

* All other coal producers 189,957 18.4

* U.S. Total 1,033,504 100.0

Notes: Major coal producers are companies that produced more than 2 million short tons in 1994. The company is the

firm owning the mineral rights to the mined coal.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine

Employment and Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 23 
Figure 2. Production by Foreign - Controlled Firms as a Percentage of Total U.S. Coal Production, 1976, 1986,

1991, 1994

1976 1986 1991 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

Percentage

20.9

14.3

6.4

1.4

24 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Productive Capacity

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 25 
Table 15. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... 33,049 27,916 29,815 30,195 NA 31,899 18.4 NA 0.4

Alaska .............................................. w w w w NA w w NA w

Arizona ............................................. w w w w NA w w NA w

Arkansas .......................................... w w w w NA w w NA w

California .......................................... − − w w NA w w NA −

Colorado .......................................... 31,075 30,040 25,848 23,593 NA 18,998 3.4 NA 5.6

Illinois ............................................... 69,414 69,320 75,787 75,710 NA 66,919 .1 NA .4

Indiana ............................................. 38,931 43,955 42,990 45,155 NA 36,107 −11.4 NA .8

Iowa .................................................. w w w w NA 693 w NA w

Kansas ............................................. w w w w NA 1,387 w NA w

Kentucky Total ................................ 213,427 204,805 195,352 199,282 NA 166,298 4.2 NA 2.8

Eastern .......................................... 161,731 157,318 149,046 145,549 NA 121,436 2.8 NA 3.2

Western ......................................... 51,696 47,486 46,306 53,734 NA 44,862 8.9 NA 1.6

Louisiana .......................................... w w w w NA w w NA w

Maryland .......................................... 4,332 3,927 3,902 4,248 NA 3,324 10.3 NA 3.0

Missouri ............................................ 1,209 w w w NA 5,883 w NA −16.1

Montana ........................................... 51,104 50,849 48,582 48,604 NA 34,752 .5 NA 4.4

New Mexico ..................................... 32,807 33,360 29,512 28,187 NA 24,258 −1.6 NA 3.4

North Dakota ................................... 35,920 36,371 36,986 35,976 NA 29,287 −1.2 NA 2.3

Ohio .................................................. 43,925 42,236 41,329 47,397 NA 41,819 4.0 NA .5

Oklahoma ........................................ 2,251 2,422 2,486 2,328 NA 3,789 −7.0 NA −5.6

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 80,975 82,148 82,968 80,418 NA 81,082 −1.4 NA *

Anthracite ...................................... 5,776 5,806 4,143 4,043 NA 4,708 −.5 NA 2.3

Bituminous .................................... 75,200 76,342 78,825 76,375 NA 76,374 −1.5 NA −.2

Tennessee ....................................... 3,409 3,763 3,932 5,159 NA 7,840 −9.4 NA −8.8

Texas ................................................ 55,856 57,115 58,541 59,579 NA 47,819 −2.2 NA 1.7

Utah .................................................. 27,640 25,933 25,534 25,482 NA 16,365 6.6 NA 6.0

Virginia ............................................. 46,462 50,879 54,471 55,271 NA 45,552 −8.7 NA .2

Washington ...................................... w w w w NA w w NA w

West Virginia Total ......................... 201,684 191,706 198,083 200,114 NA 139,529 5.2 NA 4.2

Northern ........................................ 59,295 60,015 62,811 64,717 NA 54,429 −1.2 NA .9

Southern ........................................ 142,388 131,691 135,271 135,398 NA 85,099 8.1 NA 5.9

Wyoming .......................................... 321,046 277,875 253,312 250,251 NA 147,439 15.5 NA 9.0

 2 Appalachian Total ....................... 575,568 559,893 563,545 568,350 NA 472,480 2.8 NA 2.2

 2 Interior Total ................................ 223,897 225,938 235,040 245,487 NA 208,691 −.9 NA .8 2 Western Total ............................... 521,191 476,042 442,469 434,642 NA 287,443 9.5 NA 6.8

East of Miss. River ....................... 735,609 720,654 728,628 742,949 NA 620,368 2.1 NA 1.9

West of Miss. River ...................... 585,047 541,219 512,426 505,529 NA 348,246 8.1 NA 5.9

U.S. Total ........................................ 1,320,656 1,261,873 1,241,054 1,248,479 NA 968,614 4.6 NA 3.5

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short

tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

26 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 16. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Percent)

 Coal-Producing 1 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 State and Region

Alabama .............................................. 70.19 88.46 86.26 89.97 NA 86.79

Alaska ................................................. w w w w NA w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w NA w

Arkansas ............................................. w w w w NA w

California ............................................. − − w w NA w

Colorado ............................................. 81.41 72.84 74.35 75.58 NA 90.55

Illinois .................................................. 76.06 59.28 78.98 79.58 NA 88.47

Indiana ................................................ 79.37 66.60 70.86 69.66 NA 92.21

Iowa ..................................................... w w w w NA 85.36

Kansas ................................................ w w w w NA 71.66

Kentucky Total ................................... 75.54 76.11 82.15 79.45 NA 90.16

Eastern ............................................. 76.70 76.15 79.72 80.12 NA 91.41

Western ............................................ 71.89 76.00 89.95 77.64 NA 86.75

Louisiana ............................................. w w w w NA w

Maryland ............................................. 83.07 85.01 84.50 88.12 NA 87.35

Missouri ............................................... 69.35 w w w NA 94.53

Montana .............................................. 81.47 70.64 80.03 78.65 NA 95.78

New Mexico ........................................ 85.47 84.74 83.18 76.34 NA 91.52

North Dakota ...................................... 89.88 87.89 85.83 82.08 NA 91.75

Ohio ..................................................... 67.87 67.94 73.19 64.27 NA 84.68

Oklahoma ........................................... 83.98 71.95 69.73 79.08 NA 87.52

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 75.89 71.79 82.20 80.17 NA 86.72

Anthracite ......................................... 74.02 68.80 75.22 74.44 NA 90.93

Bituminous ....................................... 76.03 72.02 82.57 80.47 NA 86.46

Tennessee .......................................... 87.27 79.73 86.50 81.46 NA 93.61

Texas ................................................... 93.72 95.54 94.07 90.34 NA 95.06

Utah ..................................................... 88.27 84.22 83.57 86.12 NA 78.07

Virginia ................................................ 79.61 77.07 78.70 75.65 NA 88.98

Washington ......................................... w w w w NA w

West Virginia Total ............................ 80.07 67.91 81.70 83.42 NA 91.11

Northern ........................................... 83.04 56.15 79.44 80.32 NA 91.53

Southern ........................................... 78.83 73.28 82.75 84.90 NA 90.84

Wyoming ............................................. 73.85 75.62 75.07 77.46 NA 95.44

 2 Appalachian Total .......................... 77.07 72.85 80.63 80.13 NA 89.38

 2 Interior Total ................................... 80.29 73.95 83.22 79.57 NA 89.90

 2 Western Total .................................. 78.33 77.41 78.04 78.86 NA 93.45

East of Miss. River .......................... 76.73 71.37 80.47 79.26 NA 89.26

West of Miss. River ......................... 79.85 79.29 79.80 80.05 NA 93.27

U.S. Total ........................................... 78.11 74.77 80.20 79.58 NA 90.70

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 27 
Table 17. Production, Productive Capacity, and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine

Type, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Production Utilization Production Utilization Production Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ..................................... 14,471 21,296 67.95 8,726 11,753 74.25 23,197 33,049 70.19

Alaska ........................................ −−− 1,567 w w 1,567 w w

Arizona ....................................... −−− 13,056 w w 13,056 w w

Arkansas .................................... 12 w w 18 w w 30 w w

Colorado .................................... 16,327 20,775 78.59 8,972 10,300 87.11 25,299 31,075 81.41

Illinois ......................................... 43,281 54,524 79.38 9,516 14,890 63.91 52,797 69,414 76.06

Indiana ....................................... 3,316 w w 27,585 w w 30,901 38,931 79.37

Iowa ............................................ −−− 46 w w 46 w w

Kansas ....................................... −−− 284 w w 284 w w

Kentucky Total .......................... 95,164 129,200 73.66 66,054 84,227 78.42 161,218 213,427 75.54

Eastern .................................... 72,718 98,481 73.84 51,335 63,251 81.16 124,053 161,731 76.70

Western ................................... 22,445 30,719 73.07 14,719 20,976 70.17 37,164 51,696 71.89

Louisiana .................................... −−− 3,463 w w 3,463 w w

Maryland .................................... 2,839 w w 759 w w 3,598 4,332 83.07

Missouri ...................................... −−− 838 1,209 69.35 838 1,209 69.35

Montana ..................................... −−− 41,636 51,104 81.47 41,636 51,104 81.47

New Mexico .............................. 950 w w 27,091 w w 28,041 32,807 85.47

North Dakota ............................. −−− 32,286 35,920 89.88 32,286 35,920 89.88

Ohio ............................................ 13,607 14,891 91.38 16,207 29,035 55.82 29,814 43,925 67.87

Oklahoma .................................. 135 w w 1,756 w w 1,891 2,251 83.98

Pennsylvania Total ................... 39,801 52,941 75.18 21,648 28,034 77.22 61,449 80,975 75.89

Anthracite ................................ 190 393 48.28 4,085 5,383 75.90 4,275 5,776 74.02

Bituminous .............................. 39,611 52,548 75.38 17,562 22,652 77.53 57,173 75,200 76.03

Tennessee ................................. 1,882 w w 1,093 w w 2,975 3,409 87.27

Texas ......................................... −−− 52,346 55,856 93.72 52,346 55,856 93.72

Utah ............................................ 24,399 27,640 88.27 −−− 24,399 27,640 88.27

Virginia ....................................... 27,944 35,640 78.40 9,045 10,822 83.58 36,988 46,462 79.61

Washington ................................ −−− 4,893 w w 4,893 w w

West Virginia Total ................... 111,520 137,701 80.99 49,969 63,983 78.10 161,489 201,684 80.07

Northern .................................. 43,683 52,788 82.75 5,558 6,508 85.41 49,241 59,295 83.04

Southern ................................. 67,837 84,913 79.89 44,411 57,475 77.27 112,248 142,388 78.83

Wyoming .................................... 2,735 w w 234,351 w w 237,086 321,046 73.85

 1 Appalachian Total ................. 284,782 366,409 77.72 158,782 209,159 75.91 443,564 575,568 77.07

 1 Interior Total .......................... 69,189 90,376 76.56 110,571 133,521 82.81 179,761 223,897 80.29

 1 Western Total ........................ 44,411 53,916 82.37 363,852 467,275 77.87 408,262 521,191 78.33

East of Miss. River ................. 353,824 456,638 77.48 210,602 278,971 75.49 564,426 735,609 76.73

West of Miss. River ............... 44,558 54,063 82.42 422,603 530,984 79.59 467,161 585,047 79.85

 2 Unknown ................................. 721 NA NA 1,197 NA NA 1,918 NA NA

U.S. Total .................................. 399,103 510,701 78.01 634,401 809,955 78.18 1,033,504 1,320,656 78.11

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 2 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Coal production excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

28 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 18. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines

by State and Mining Method, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

1 1 1 12 Continuous Conventional Longwall Other

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ..................................... 9,928 53.30 53 100.00 11,315 80.66 − −

Arkansas .................................... w w − − − − − −

Colorado .................................... 7,363 73.75 29 100.00 13,383 81.20 − −

Illinois ......................................... 36,190 81.23 852 86.74 17,482 75.20 − −

Indiana ....................................... w w − − − − − −

Kentucky Total .......................... 91,866 75.33 25,854 64.43 10,734 80.68 746 85.57

Eastern .................................... 66,825 76.32 23,385 63.27 7,525 83.49 746 85.57

Western ................................... 25,041 72.70 2,469 75.45 3,209 74.11 − −

Maryland .................................... w w − − w w − −

New Mexico .............................. − − − − w w − −

Ohio ............................................ 4,761 80.62 − − 10,129 96.44 − −

Oklahoma .................................. w w − − − − − −

Pennsylvania Total ................... 24,099 67.68 1,554 57.61 27,098 83.28 190 14.56

Anthracite ................................ − − 203 79.80 − − 190 14.56

Bituminous .............................. 24,099 67.68 1,351 54.27 27,098 83.28 − −

Tennessee ................................. w w w w −−−−

Utah ............................................ 9,819 80.48 870 91.98 16,951 92.60 − −

Virginia ....................................... 20,162 81.43 5,795 71.53 9,574 76.11 109 84.76

West Virginia Total ................... 72,188 78.66 18,333 76.95 47,179 86.12 − −

Northern .................................. 13,446 78.95 4,730 74.37 34,612 85.38 − −

Southern ................................. 58,742 78.60 13,604 77.85 12,567 88.15 − −

Wyoming .................................... w w w w w w − −

 3 Appalachian Total ................. 200,765 75.62 49,455 69.35 115,144 85.02 1,046 72.58

 3 Interior Total .......................... 66,363 76.94 3,321 78.35 20,692 75.03 − − 3 Western Total ........................ 17,512 77.73 1,399 72.94 35,004 85.07 − −

East of Miss. River ................. 266,981 75.94 52,776 69.92 135,835 83.50 1,046 72.58

West of Miss. River ............... 17,660 77.91 1,399 72.94 35,004 85.07 − −

U.S. Total .................................. 284,641 76.06 54,175 70.00 170,839 83.82 1,046 72.58

1 Calculated by multiplying reported mining method percentages by the individual mine capacity. 2 Includes shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading and unknown. 3 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 29 
Table 19. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and

Coal Rank, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ..................................... 33,049 70.19 − − − − − −

Alaska ........................................ − − w w − − − −

Arizona ....................................... w w − − − − − −

Arkansas .................................... w w −−−− w w

Colorado .................................... 22,225 81.43 8,850 81.35 −−−−

Illinois ......................................... 69,414 76.06 − − − − − −

Indiana ....................................... 38,931 79.37 − − − − − −

Iowa ............................................ w w − − − − − −

Kansas ....................................... w w − − − − − −

Kentucky Total .......................... 213,427 75.54 − − − − − −

Eastern .................................... 161,731 76.70 − − − − − −

Western ................................... 51,696 71.89 − − − − − −

Louisiana .................................... − − − − w w − −

Maryland .................................... 4,332 83.07 − − − − − −

Missouri ...................................... 1,209 69.35 − − − − − −

Montana ..................................... − − w w w w − −

New Mexico .............................. 19,607 84.66 13,200 86.68 − − − −

North Dakota ............................. − − − − 35,920 89.88 − −

Ohio ............................................ 43,925 67.87 − − − − − −

Oklahoma .................................. 2,251 83.98 − − − − − −

Pennsylvania Total ................... 75,200 76.03 −−−− 5,776 74.02

Anthracite ................................ − − − − − − 5,776 74.02

Bituminous .............................. 75,200 76.03 − − − − − −

Tennessee ................................. 3,409 87.27 − − − − − −

Texas ......................................... 550 61.26 − − 55,306 94.04 − −

Utah ............................................ 27,640 88.27 − − − − − −

Virginia ....................................... 46,462 79.61 − − − − − −

Washington ................................ w w w w −−−−

West Virginia Total ................... 201,684 80.07 −−−−−−

Northern .................................. 59,295 83.04 − − − − − −

Southern ................................. 142,388 78.83 − − − − − −

Wyoming .................................... w w w w −−−−

 1 Appalachian Total ................. 569,792 77.10 −−−− 5,776 74.02 1 Interior Total .......................... 164,823 75.40 − − 59,056 93.93 w w 1 Western Total ........................ 87,212 86.16 397,611 75.58 36,368 89.66 − −

East of Miss. River ................. 729,833 76.75 −−−− 5,776 74.02

West of Miss. River ............... 91,994 85.39 397,611 75.58 95,424 92.30 w w

2 2 U.S. Total .................................. 821,827 77.72 397,611 75.58 95,424 92.30 5,776 74.02

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 2 Does not include Arkansas. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Refer to the Classification of Coals by Rank table in Appendix C for coal rank definitions. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal

that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive

capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania

anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

30 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 20. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State

and Mine Production Range, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons, Percent)

Capacity

 Productive Capacity Utilization

(percent)

Coal-Producing Mine Production Range

State and Region (thousand short tons)

 1,000 500 200 100 10 1,000 500 200 100 10

and to to to to and to to to to

over 1,000 500 200 100 over 1,000 500 200 100

Alabama ........................................... 18,385 6,953 3,185 1,610 2,917 69.05 68.67 73.39 80.04 72.04

Alaska .............................................. w − − − − w − − − −

Arizona ............................................. w − − − − w − − − −

Arkansas .......................................... − − − − w − − − − w

Colorado .......................................... 26,596 w 2,200 − w 83.90 w 75.49 − w

Illinois ............................................... 61,124 w 4,892 − w 80.88 w 41.95 − w

Indiana ............................................. 20,278 12,277 4,366 1,045 965 86.92 68.17 80.90 73.83 62.39

Iowa .................................................. − − − − w − − − − w

Kansas ............................................. − − w −−−− w − −

Kentucky Total ................................ 62,579 51,344 53,600 25,005 20,898 82.76 80.99 76.88 61.82 53.47

Eastern .......................................... 36,213 38,520 44,701 22,998 19,299 84.62 84.17 80.68 63.22 53.79

Western ......................................... 26,366 12,824 8,899 2,007 1,599 80.21 71.43 57.81 45.80 49.59

Louisiana .......................................... w w − − − w w − − −

Maryland .......................................... w − w 590 626 w − w 81.14 40.47

Missouri ............................................ − − w 893 w − − w 63.47 w

Montana ........................................... w − w − − w − 72.15 − −

New Mexico ..................................... w w − − − w w − − −

North Dakota ................................... 35,920 − − − − 89.88 − − − −

Ohio .................................................. 12,410 11,696 10,072 3,362 6,386 96.56 68.25 46.52 67.60 45.27

Oklahoma ........................................ − − 1,460 w w − − 80.17 w w

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 33,357 w w 7,097 14,701 89.80 w w 69.46 54.90

Anthracite ...................................... − w w 902 2,728 − w w 87.83 56.64

Bituminous .................................... 33,357 7,562 16,113 6,195 11,973 89.80 89.71 60.65 66.79 54.50

Tennessee ....................................... − w 1,692 w 929 − w 86.43 w 83.54

Texas ................................................ 55,026 − w − w 94.07 − w − w

Utah .................................................. 25,707 w w w w 89.20 w w w w

Virginia ............................................. 10,291 7,752 11,270 7,916 9,234 71.92 99.08 93.67 74.28 59.25

Washington ...................................... w − w − − w − w − −

West Virginia Total ......................... 103,677 29,544 39,312 12,690 16,462 85.14 81.97 81.04 74.75 46.50

Northern ........................................ 43,742 w 7,501 w 3,017 86.43 w 78.53 w 61.09

Southern ........................................ 59,935 w 31,811 w 13,446 84.20 w 81.64 w 43.23

Wyoming .......................................... 311,146 w w w w 75.73 w w w w

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 217,099 103,224 128,273 56,418 70,553 84.58 82.40 76.64 69.09 53.29

 1 Interior Total ................................ 165,694 29,322 20,997 4,563 3,320 86.11 66.75 61.63 62.88 51.40

 1 Western Total ............................... 502,081 6,350 10,629 610 1,522 79.83 55.11 31.80 48.80 17.98

East of Miss. River ....................... 324,867 131,696 146,431 59,470 73,145 83.67 78.87 74.47 68.39 53.35

West of Miss. River ...................... 560,007 7,200 13,469 2,121 2,250 81.30 59.24 41.51 69.60 24.78

U.S. Total ........................................ 884,874 138,896 159,899 61,591 75,396 82.17 77.85 71.69 68.43 52.50

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 31 
Table 21. Productive Capacity and Productivity of Coal Mines by State and

Capacity Utilization Range, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons, Short Tons per Miner per Hour)

 Productive Capacity Productivity

Capacity Utilization Range

 Coal-Producing (percent)

State and Region

 90 80 70 60 Less 90 80 70 60 Less

 and to to to than Total and to to to than Total

over 90 80 70 60 over 90 80 70 60

Alabama .............................................. 10,576 4,909 3,071 5,917 8,575 33,049 2.26 3.15 2.68 2.17 1.48 2.25

Alaska ................................................. −−− w − w −−− 6.94 − 6.94

Arizona ................................................ w w −−− w 7.13 6.58 −−− 6.71

Arkansas ............................................. w −−−− w 1.52 −−−− 1.52

Colorado ............................................. 10,087 8,650 5,750 1,848 4,740 31,075 7.73 7.80 5.02 3.10 3.96 6.20

Illinois .................................................. 26,349 14,515 8,600 3,800 16,150 69,414 4.12 3.39 3.23 3.12 2.89 3.59

Indiana ................................................ 15,691 9,720 w w 9,430 38,931 4.82 3.91 5.50 5.96 3.10 4.28

Iowa ..................................................... −−−− w w −−−− 1.52 1.52

Kansas ................................................ − − w − − w − − 1.93 − − 1.93

Kentucky Total ................................... 84,427 32,805 29,758 11,952 54,483 213,427 4.00 3.75 3.20 3.04 1.71 3.25

Eastern ............................................. 73,654 23,130 16,517 7,872 40,557 161,731 3.99 3.58 3.78 2.64 1.54 3.24

Western ............................................ 10,773 9,675 13,241 4,080 13,926 51,696 4.03 4.21 2.66 4.21 2.39 3.28

Louisiana ............................................. w −−−− w 13.00 −−−− 13.00

Maryland ............................................. w w w w 729 4,332 5.07 3.82 2.24 2.12 1.16 3.68

Missouri ............................................... 177 300 − 261 471 1,209 10.00 3.66 − 2.29 3.33 3.59

Montana .............................................. w w w w − 51,104 41.05 20.50 19.31 16.31 − 21.92

New Mexico ........................................ w w w w w 32,807 9.48 7.20 2.99 7.16 2.26 6.77

North Dakota ...................................... 28,000 − − 3,968 3,952 35,920 19.40 − − 12.88 22.70 18.84

Ohio ..................................................... 15,094 7,776 2,814 616 17,625 43,925 3.53 3.70 3.97 2.75 2.82 3.42

Oklahoma ........................................... 1,390 260 − 500 101 2,251 2.99 2.19 − 2.21 1.59 2.68

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 35,583 11,791 12,843 4,420 16,338 80,975 3.65 3.31 3.33 2.54 1.07 2.98

Anthracite ......................................... 2,407 815 876 243 1,435 5,776 4.45 2.03 2.45 1.47 .42 1.93

Bituminous ....................................... 33,176 10,976 11,967 4,178 14,903 75,200 3.60 3.47 3.41 2.65 1.27 3.11

Tennessee .......................................... 1,537 w − w w 3,409 2.54 3.55 − 2.21 .42 2.23

Texas ................................................... 37,154 18,152 − w w 55,856 9.42 8.08 − 2.13 3.17 8.82

Utah ..................................................... 17,722 4,400 2,856 2,500 163 27,640 6.72 9.45 4.09 7.86 .70 6.59

Virginia ................................................ 26,916 2,496 4,328 874 11,849 46,462 3.14 2.82 2.46 2.18 1.12 2.51

Washington ......................................... w − w − − w 4.26 − 2.49 − − 4.11

West Virginia Total ............................ 94,516 37,847 18,440 13,585 37,296 201,684 4.32 3.82 4.42 4.35 1.59 3.69

Northern ........................................... 27,847 11,564 9,790 1,815 8,280 59,295 4.10 3.71 4.04 2.99 1.73 3.63

Southern ........................................... 66,668 26,283 8,650 11,770 29,016 142,388 4.42 3.87 4.92 4.68 1.55 3.72

Wyoming ............................................. 97,578 88,100 w w 67,868 321,046 24.52 32.21 39.13 32.69 14.45 26.05

 1 Appalachian Total .......................... 260,799 89,264 58,263 34,049 133,193 575,568 3.79 3.59 3.61 2.95 1.50 3.20

 1 Interior Total ................................... 95,314 52,622 24,691 10,681 40,588 223,897 5.60 4.55 2.98 3.59 2.73 4.43

 1 Western Total .................................. 184,923 141,266 49,904 66,376 78,723 521,191 14.36 16.57 12.56 17.43 10.32 14.58

East of Miss. River .......................... 313,613 123,174 82,554 43,569 172,699 735,609 3.87 3.63 3.41 3.12 1.70 3.28

West of Miss. River ......................... 227,424 159,978 50,304 67,537 79,804 585,047 12.88 14.61 12.06 15.61 9.96 13.22

U.S. Total ........................................... 541,036 283,152 132,858 111,106 252,504 1,320,656 5.45 6.31 4.69 6.06 2.36 4.98

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations

management and all technical and engineering personnel. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported

by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on

Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than

10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

32 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 22. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State

and Recoverable Reserves Range, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Recoverable Reserves Range

(million short tons)

Coal-Producing 50 and over 10 to 50 0 to 10 Total

State and Region

 Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ..................................... 8,682 89.09 12,554 52.15 11,813 75.48 33,049 70.19

Alaska ........................................ w w −− −− w w

Arizona ....................................... w w −− −− w w

Arkansas .................................... −− −− ww ww

Colorado .................................... 16,496 89.57 10,840 72.57 3,739 71.03 31,075 81.41

Illinois ......................................... 13,942 91.92 29,832 76.47 25,640 66.96 69,414 76.06

Indiana ....................................... 7,050 88.86 7,697 73.74 24,184 78.40 38,931 79.37

Iowa ............................................ − − w w − − w w

Kansas ....................................... −− −− ww ww

Kentucky Total .......................... 10,400 77.03 41,750 65.05 161,277 78.16 213,427 75.54

Eastern .................................... − − 26,063 66.40 135,668 78.68 161,731 76.70

Western ................................... 10,400 77.03 15,687 62.80 25,609 75.37 51,696 71.89

Louisiana .................................... w w − − ww ww

Maryland .................................... w w w w 1,267 72.26 4,332 83.07

Missouri ...................................... −− −− 1,209 69.35 1,209 69.35

Montana ..................................... w w w w − − 51,104 81.47

New Mexico .............................. w w w w − − 32,807 85.47

North Dakota ............................. 35,920 89.88 −− −− 35,920 89.88

Ohio ............................................ 10,710 90.72 7,144 77.08 26,071 55.97 43,925 67.87

Oklahoma .................................. − − w w w w 2,251 83.98

Pennsylvania Total ................... 24,729 79.23 18,195 69.41 38,052 76.80 80,975 75.89

Anthracite ................................ − − w w w w 5,776 74.02

Bituminous .............................. 24,729 79.23 w w w w 75,200 76.03

Tennessee ................................. − − 163 58.27 3,246 88.72 3,409 87.27

Texas ......................................... 51,126 94.55 w w w w 55,856 93.72

Utah ............................................ 17,399 92.25 8,660 79.57 1,581 92.21 27,640 88.27

Virginia ....................................... − − 11,302 66.18 35,160 83.93 46,462 79.61

Washington ................................ − − ww ww ww

West Virginia Total ................... 34,875 82.42 57,642 83.46 109,167 77.53 201,684 80.07

Northern .................................. 25,175 81.81 16,755 87.46 17,366 80.56 59,295 83.04

Southern ................................. 9,700 84.01 40,887 81.82 91,801 76.96 142,388 78.83

Wyoming .................................... 312,146 74.33 w w w w 321,046 73.85

 1 Appalachian Total ................. 81,762 83.72 133,362 73.25 360,444 76.97 575,568 77.07

 1 Interior Total .......................... 85,418 91.46 57,611 72.80 80,868 73.81 223,897 80.29

 1 Western Total ........................ 473,872 78.90 37,049 76.03 10,271 60.50 521,191 78.33

East of Miss. River ................. 113,154 84.44 186,578 72.91 435,877 76.36 735,609 76.73

West of Miss. River ............... 527,898 80.49 41,444 76.66 15,706 66.69 585,047 79.85

U.S. Total .................................. 641,052 81.19 228,021 73.59 451,582 76.03 1,320,656 78.11

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the

ratio of total production to productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge

operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals

may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 33 
Table 23. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State,

Mine Type, and Union Type, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama .................................... 21,505 77.37 − − 11,545 56.81 33,049 70.19

Underground ........................ 16,311 79.52 − − 4,985 30.09 21,296 67.95

Surface ................................. 5,194 70.63 − − 6,559 77.11 11,753 74.25

Alaska ........................................ − − w w − − w w

Surface ................................. − − w w − − w w

Arizona ...................................... w w −−−− w w

Surface ................................. w w −−−− w w

Arkansas ................................... − − − − wwww

Underground ........................ − − − − wwww

Surface ................................. − − − − wwww

Colorado ................................... 9,723 70.84 2,600 78.45 18,752 87.31 31,075 81.41

Underground ........................ 6,773 64.44 − − 14,002 85.43 20,775 78.59

Surface ................................. 2,950 85.53 2,600 78.45 4,750 92.83 10,300 87.11

Illinois ........................................ 55,579 71.68 2,542 95.78 11,293 93.16 69,414 76.06

Underground ........................ 41,907 75.23 2,542 95.78 10,075 92.51 54,524 79.38

Surface ................................. 13,672 60.81 − − 1,218 98.61 14,890 63.91

Indiana ...................................... 20,251 71.38 900 57.17 17,780 89.60 38,931 79.37

Underground ........................ w w − − w w w w

Surface ................................. w w w w w w w w

Iowa ........................................... − − − − wwww

Surface ................................. − − − − wwww

Kansas ...................................... w w −−−− w w

Surface ................................. w w −−−− w w

Kentucky Total ........................ 22,500 82.88 1,282 95.89 189,644 74.53 213,427 75.54

Underground ........................ 20,200 82.86 282 100.00 108,718 71.88 129,200 73.66

Surface ................................. 2,300 83.06 1,000 94.73 80,927 78.09 84,227 78.42

Eastern ................................... 10,440 86.43 1,282 95.89 150,009 75.86 161,731 76.70

Underground ........................ 10,140 86.37 282 100.00 88,058 72.31 98,481 73.84

Surface ................................. 300 88.33 1,000 94.73 61,951 80.91 63,251 81.16

Western .................................. 12,060 79.81 − − 39,636 69.48 51,696 71.89

Underground ........................ 10,060 79.32 − − 20,659 70.02 30,719 73.07

Surface ................................. 2,000 82.27 − − 18,976 68.89 20,976 70.17

Louisiana .................................. − − − − wwww

Surface ................................. − − − − wwww

Maryland ................................... − − − − 4,332 83.07 4,332 83.07

Underground ........................ − − − − wwww

Surface ................................. − − − − wwww

Missouri .................................... − − − − 1,209 69.35 1,209 69.35

Surface ................................. − − − − 1,209 69.35 1,209 69.35

Montana .................................... 18,948 73.53 w w w w 51,104 81.47

Surface ................................. 18,948 73.53 w w w w 51,104 81.47

New Mexico ............................. 11,847 87.88 16,760 82.96 4,200 88.72 32,807 85.47

Underground ........................ w w −−−− w w

Surface ................................. w w w w w w w w

North Dakota ........................... 7,920 61.90 4,500 98.05 23,500 97.75 35,920 89.88

Surface ................................. 7,920 61.90 4,500 98.05 23,500 97.75 35,920 89.88

Ohio ........................................... 15,811 90.47 232 63.99 27,882 55.09 43,925 67.87

Underground ........................ 12,410 96.56 − − 2,481 65.46 14,891 91.38

Surface ................................. 3,402 68.22 232 63.99 25,401 54.08 29,035 55.82

Oklahoma ................................. − − w w w w 2,251 83.98

Underground ........................ − − − − wwww

Surface ................................. − − w w w w w w

Pennsylvania Total ................. 30,615 65.78 115 53.88 50,245 82.10 80,975 75.89

Underground ........................ 28,511 65.26 − − 24,430 86.76 52,941 75.18

Surface ................................. 2,105 72.78 115 53.88 25,815 77.68 28,034 77.22

Anthracite .............................. 1,788 73.72 115 53.88 3,873 74.76 5,776 74.02

Underground ........................ − − − − 393 48.28 393 48.28

Surface ................................. 1,788 73.72 115 53.88 3,480 77.75 5,383 75.90

Bituminous ............................ 28,828 65.28 − − 46,372 82.71 75,200 76.03

Underground ........................ 28,511 65.26 − − 24,037 87.39 52,548 75.38

Surface ................................. 317 67.46 − − 22,335 77.67 22,652 77.53

Tennessee ................................ − − − − 3,409 87.27 3,409 87.27

Underground ........................ − − − − wwww

Surface ................................. − − − − wwww

Texas ......................................... − − 33,510 94.39 22,346 92.71 55,856 93.72

Surface ................................. − − 33,510 94.39 22,346 92.71 55,856 93.72

See footnotes at end of table.

34 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 23. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State,

Mine Type, and Union Type, 1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Utah ........................................... 9,139 96.07 − − 18,502 84.42 27,640 88.27

Underground ........................ 9,139 96.07 − − 18,502 84.42 27,640 88.27

Virginia ...................................... 15,444 73.59 − − 31,018 82.60 46,462 79.61

Underground ........................ 14,566 72.69 − − 21,075 82.35 35,640 78.40

Surface ................................. 879 88.56 − − 9,943 83.14 10,822 83.58

Washington .............................. − − w w w w w w

Surface ................................. − − w w w w w w

West Virginia Total ................ 100,864 80.71 − − 100,820 79.43 201,684 80.07

Underground ........................ 74,092 83.64 − − 63,608 77.89 137,701 80.99

Surface ................................. 26,772 72.59 − − 37,212 82.06 63,983 78.10

Northern ................................. 41,144 85.33 − − 18,152 77.85 59,295 83.04

Underground ........................ 41,144 85.33 − − 11,644 73.63 52,788 82.75

Surface ................................. − − − − 6,508 85.41 6,508 85.41

Southern ................................ 59,720 77.53 − − 82,668 79.78 142,388 78.83

Underground ........................ 32,948 81.54 − − 51,964 78.85 84,913 79.89

Surface ................................. 26,772 72.59 − − 30,704 81.35 57,475 77.27

Wyoming ................................... w w w w 311,940 73.48 321,046 73.85

Underground ........................ − − − − wwww

Surface ................................. w w w w w w w w

 1 Appalachian Total ................. 194,680 78.53 1,629 88.38 379,259 76.27 575,568 77.07

Underground ........................ 156,030 80.04 282 100.00 210,098 75.97 366,409 77.72

Surface ................................. 38,650 72.44 1,347 85.95 169,162 76.63 209,159 75.91 1 Interior Total .......................... 88,291 72.72 37,096 93.59 98,511 82.06 223,897 80.29

Underground ........................ 55,452 74.81 2,542 95.78 32,382 78.05 90,376 76.56

Surface ................................. 32,839 69.20 34,554 93.43 66,129 84.02 133,521 82.81 1 Western Total ........................ 77,066 81.33 56,881 83.47 387,244 76.98 521,191 78.33

Underground ........................ 17,912 78.68 − − 36,004 84.20 53,916 82.37

Surface ................................. 59,154 82.13 56,881 83.47 351,240 76.24 467,275 77.87

East of Miss. River ................. 282,570 76.72 5,071 86.55 447,968 76.62 735,609 76.73

Underground ........................ 211,482 78.67 2,824 96.20 242,332 76.24 456,638 77.48

Surface ................................. 71,089 70.95 2,247 74.42 205,636 77.07 278,971 75.49

West of Miss. River ............... 77,466 81.27 90,535 87.54 417,047 77.92 585,047 79.85

Underground ........................ 17,912 78.68 − − 36,151 84.27 54,063 82.42

Surface ................................. 59,554 82.05 90,535 87.54 380,895 77.31 530,984 79.59

U.S. Total .................................. 360,036 77.70 95,606 87.48 865,014 77.25 1,320,656 78.11

Underground ........................... 229,393 78.67 2,824 96.20 278,483 77.28 510,701 78.01

Surface .................................... 130,643 76.01 92,782 87.22 586,531 77.23 809,955 78.18

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 35 
Recoverable Coal

Reserves at Mines

36 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Figure 3. Recoverable Coal Reserves at U.S. Coal Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1985-1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Billion Short Tons

85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

Surface

Total

Underground

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Billion Short Tons

85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

Interior

Appalachian

Western

Total

Figure 4. Average Recovery Percentage at U.S. Coal Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1985-1994

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

Percent

 0

//

85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

Surface

Total

Underground

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

Percent

 0

//

85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

Interior

Appalachian

Western

Total

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 37 
Table 24. Recoverable Coal Reserves by State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Million Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... 457 427 468 470 489 601 7.1 −1.7 −3.0

Alaska .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

California .......................................... − − w w w ww w −

Colorado .......................................... 676 609 608 618 546 640 11.1 5.5 .6

Illinois ............................................... 963 1,064 1,199 1,257 1,174 1,591 −9.4 −4.8 −5.4

Indiana ............................................. 304 379 405 420 444 542 −19.8 −9.0 −6.2

Iowa .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kansas ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kentucky Total ................................ 1,365 1,828 1,453 1,632 1,585 1,767 −25.3 −3.7 −2.8

Eastern .......................................... 809 1,347 955 1,084 994 1,164 −40.0 −5.0 −4.0

Western ......................................... 556 481 498 548 591 603 15.7 −1.5 −.9

Louisiana .......................................... w w w w w 151 w w w

Maryland .......................................... 89 66 59 86 85 62 34.1 1.0 4.0

Missouri ............................................ 12 w w w w w w w w

Montana ........................................... 1,283 1,285 1,352 1,393 1,872 1,762 −.2 −9.0 −3.5

New Mexico ..................................... 1,458 1,473 1,495 1,608 1,527 1,504 −1.0 −1.1 −.3

North Dakota ................................... 1,695 1,411 1,335 1,386 1,414 1,630 20.1 4.6 .4

Ohio .................................................. 479 520 576 591 692 829 −7.8 −8.8 −5.9

Oklahoma ........................................ 43 46 48 40 38 74 −6.7 3.2 −5.8

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 913 940 937 986 1,126 1,484 −2.8 −5.1 −5.3

Anthracite ...................................... 38 65 70 76 77 89 −42.1 −16.2 −9.0

Bituminous .................................... 875 874 867 910 1,050 1,396 .1 −4.4 −5.0

Tennessee ....................................... 42 29 43 56 63 112 42.7 −9.6 −10.3

Texas ................................................ 1,026 1,105 1,188 1,225 1,209 1,100 −7.1 −4.0 −.8

Utah .................................................. 423 447 488 509 505 558 −5.2 −4.3 −3.0

Virginia ............................................. 237 336 366 412 424 575 −29.5 −13.5 −9.4

Washington ...................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total ......................... 1,830 1,931 2,043 2,122 2,115 2,737 −5.2 −3.6 −4.4

Northern ........................................ 861 824 960 1,035 1,018 1,337 4.5 −4.1 −4.8

Southern ........................................ 969 1,107 1,083 1,087 1,097 1,401 −12.5 −3.1 −4.0

Wyoming .......................................... 6,999 6,831 6,751 6,336 6,564 6,693 2.5 1.6 .5

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 4,855 5,596 5,446 5,807 5,989 7,566 −13.2 −5.1 −4.8 1 Interior Total ................................ 3,069 3,300 3,559 3,715 3,682 4,313 −7.0 −4.4 −3.7 1 Western Total ............................... 13,093 12,639 12,622 12,477 13,091 13,267 3.6 * −.1

East of Miss. River ....................... 6,679 7,520 7,549 8,031 8,197 10,302 −11.2 −5.0 −4.7

West of Miss. River ...................... 14,337 14,016 14,078 13,968 14,564 14,844 2.3 −.4 −.4

U.S. Total ........................................ 21,017 21,535 21,627 21,999 22,761 25,146 −2.4 −2.0 −2.0

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short

tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

38 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 25. Average Recovery Percentage at Coal Mines by State, 1985, 1990-1994

 Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 State and Region

Alabama .............................................. 60.20 63.16 61.97 60.51 60.40 65.33

Alaska ................................................. wwwwww

Arizona ................................................ wwwwww

Arkansas ............................................. wwwwww

California ............................................. − − wwww

Colorado ............................................. 77.12 71.99 71.56 69.09 68.55 62.72

Illinois .................................................. 52.92 51.19 51.53 51.57 52.15 50.49

Indiana ................................................ 72.75 73.12 74.48 72.48 71.24 72.30

Iowa ..................................................... wwwwww

Kansas ................................................ wwwwww

Kentucky Total ................................... 59.45 62.26 63.24 62.87 63.21 66.94

Eastern ............................................. 62.60 64.00 66.84 65.98 66.97 69.22

Western ............................................ 54.86 57.38 56.36 56.71 56.88 62.55

Louisiana ............................................. wwwwww

Maryland ............................................. 55.50 67.82 66.16 72.32 73.17 77.49

Missouri ............................................... 81.48wwwww

Montana .............................................. 90.51 90.43 89.70 89.89 82.47 90.29

New Mexico ........................................ 92.42 92.28 91.92 92.21 92.31 91.94

North Dakota ...................................... 89.84 90.96 90.62 90.99 90.91 89.59

Ohio ..................................................... 67.81 68.86 69.15 67.58 69.79 66.77

Oklahoma ........................................... 63.89 66.11 66.73 70.48 72.35 81.26

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 68.23 67.95 66.12 63.77 67.12 67.63

Anthracite ......................................... 65.06 61.04 62.62 62.85 51.38 48.60

Bituminous ....................................... 68.37 68.47 66.41 63.85 68.26 68.83

Tennessee .......................................... 65.18 68.92 69.80 73.50 68.12 66.38

Texas ................................................... 86.10 84.23 85.39 84.02 83.22 87.78

Utah ..................................................... 46.10 47.51 49.04 52.71 52.41 54.93

Virginia ................................................ 58.37 62.72 64.78 63.61 66.21 67.61

Washington ......................................... wwwwww

West Virginia Total ............................ 61.10 61.30 62.05 61.38 58.36 61.33

Northern ........................................... 53.06 52.17 54.04 51.92 50.54 56.36

Southern ........................................... 68.24 68.09 69.15 70.40 65.62 66.08

Wyoming ............................................. 92.98 91.94 91.19 91.67 91.57 91.26

 1 Appalachian Total .......................... 63.07 64.11 64.62 63.64 63.79 65.38

 1 Interior Total ................................... 68.29 68.27 68.46 67.57 67.70 68.59

 1 Western Total .................................. 89.72 88.98 88.31 88.53 87.59 87.80

East of Miss. River .......................... 61.36 62.31 62.52 61.74 62.03 63.28

West of Miss. River ......................... 89.32 88.48 87.96 88.01 87.16 87.81

U.S. Total ........................................... 80.43 79.34 79.08 78.42 78.11 77.76

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all

mines in the geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 39 
Table 26. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Mines

by State and Mine Type, 1994

(Million Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coal-Producing Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average State and Region Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Alabama ......................................... 416 57.54 41 87.39 457 60.20

Alaska ............................................. − − w ww w

Arizona ........................................... − − w ww w

Arkansas ........................................ − − w ww w

Colorado ......................................... 418 70.43 258 87.95 676 77.12

Illinois .............................................. 918 51.81 46 74.97 963 52.92

Indiana ............................................ w w w w 304 72.75

Iowa ................................................ − − w ww w

Kansas ............................................ − − w ww w

Kentucky Total .............................. 1,046 53.44 320 79.10 1,365 59.45

Eastern ........................................ 634 57.45 174 81.34 809 62.60

Western ....................................... 411 47.26 145 76.39 556 54.86

Louisiana ........................................ − − w ww w

Maryland ......................................... w w w w 89 55.50

Missouri .......................................... − − 12 81.48 12 81.48

Montana ......................................... − − 1,283 90.51 1,283 90.51

New Mexico ................................... w w w w 1,458 92.42

North Dakota ................................. − − 1,695 89.84 1,695 89.84

Ohio ................................................ 271 57.60 208 81.14 479 67.81

Oklahoma ....................................... w w w w 43 63.89

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 757 65.56 156 81.20 913 68.23

Anthracite .................................... 23 73.43 15 52.05 38 65.06

Bituminous ................................... 734 65.31 141 84.26 875 68.37

Tennessee ..................................... w w w w 42 65.18

Texas .............................................. − − 1,026 86.10 1,026 86.10

Utah ................................................ 423 46.10 − − 423 46.10

Virginia ............................................ 222 56.43 15 86.84 237 58.37

Washington .................................... − − w ww w

West Virginia Total ........................ 1,312 55.51 518 75.26 1,830 61.10

Northern ....................................... 746 50.67 116 68.47 861 53.06

Southern ...................................... 567 61.88 402 77.21 969 68.24

Wyoming ......................................... w w w w 6,999 92.98

 1 Appalachian Total ...................... 3,729 58.36 1,126 78.67 4,855 63.07

 1 Interior Total ............................... 1,398 50.58 1,670 83.13 3,069 68.29

 1 Western Total ............................. 871 58.33 12,222 91.95 13,093 89.72

East of Miss. River ..................... 5,093 56.21 1,586 77.91 6,679 61.36

West of Miss. River .................... 905 58.39 13,433 91.40 14,337 89.32

U.S. Total ...................................... 5,998 56.54 15,019 89.97 21,017 80.43

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

40 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 27. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Underground Coal Mines by State and

Mining Method, 1994

(Million Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing 1 23 4 Continuous Conventional Longwall Other Total State and Region

Alabama ........................................... 54 − 363 − 416

Colorado .......................................... 60 − 358 − 418

Illinois ............................................... 481 − 437 − 918

Indiana ............................................. w − − − w

Kentucky Total ................................ 677 106 260 3 1,046

Eastern .......................................... 455 104 73 3 634

Western ......................................... 223 2 186 − 411

Maryland .......................................... w − w − w

New Mexico ..................................... − − w − w

Ohio .................................................. 17 − 254 − 271

Oklahoma ........................................ w − − − w

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 306 13 417 21 757

Anthracite ...................................... − 2 − 21 23

Bituminous .................................... 306 11 417 − 734

Tennessee ....................................... w w − − w

Utah .................................................. 112 − 311 − 423

Virginia ............................................. 116 19 87 * 222

West Virginia Total ......................... 442 106 764 − 1,312

Northern ........................................ 61 50 635 − 746

Southern ........................................ 381 56 129 − 567

Wyoming .......................................... − w w − w

 5 Appalachian Total ....................... 1,447 242 2,016 24 3,729

 5 Interior Total ................................ 773 2 623 − 1,398 5 Western Total ............................... 172 6 693 − 871

East of Miss. River ....................... 2,186 244 2,640 24 5,093

West of Miss. River ...................... 205 6 693 − 905

U.S. Total ........................................ 2,391 250 3,333 24 5,998

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method. 2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method. 3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining. 4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method. 5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 41 
Table 28. Average Recovery Percentage at Underground Coal Mines by State and

Mining Method, 1994

 Coal-Producing 1 23 4 Continuous Conventional Longwall Other Total State and Region

Alabama ........................................... 52.24 − 58.33 − 57.54

Colorado .......................................... 40.03 − 75.48 − 70.43

Illinois ............................................... 45.93 − 58.28 − 51.81

Indiana ............................................. w − − − w

Kentucky Total ................................ 52.72 58.45 53.15 64.39 53.44

Eastern .......................................... 54.98 58.70 70.75 64.39 57.45

Western ......................................... 48.11 47.00 46.25 − 47.26

Maryland .......................................... w − w − w

New Mexico ..................................... − − w − w

Ohio .................................................. 51.07 − 58.05 − 57.60

Oklahoma ........................................ w − − − w

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 65.98 67.20 64.72 75.00 65.56

Anthracite ...................................... − 57.67 − 75.00 73.43

Bituminous .................................... 65.98 69.02 64.72 − 65.31

Tennessee ....................................... w w − − w

Utah .................................................. 46.11 − 46.10 − 46.10

Virginia ............................................. 58.43 55.03 54.06 50.00 56.43

West Virginia Total ......................... 59.60 62.41 52.20 − 55.51

Northern ........................................ 64.57 65.01 48.21 − 50.67

Southern ........................................ 58.80 60.11 71.74 − 61.88

Wyoming .......................................... − w w − w

 5 Appalachian Total ....................... 59.15 60.48 57.35 73.62 58.36

 5 Interior Total ................................ 47.27 47.00 54.68 − 50.58 5 Western Total ............................... 44.00 68.00 61.80 − 58.33

East of Miss. River ....................... 54.94 60.36 56.72 73.62 56.21

West of Miss. River ...................... 46.63 68.00 61.80 − 58.39

U.S. Total ........................................ 54.22 60.54 57.77 73.62 56.54

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method. 2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method. 3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining. 4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method. 5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all

mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

42 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 29. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at U.S.

Mines by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1994

(Million Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

Mine Production Range Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average (thousand short tons) Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

 Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Over 1,000 ................................. 4,147 55.98 13,381 90.77 17,528 82.54

500 to 1,000 .............................. 579 55.36 451 81.35 1,030 66.75

200 to 500 ................................. 641 58.01 749 87.94 1,390 74.14

100 to 200 ................................. 276 62.01 111 79.06 386 66.90

50 to 100 ................................... 168 55.86 249 80.15 417 70.39

10 to 50 ..................................... 187 59.98 77 68.82 264 62.55

U.S. Total .................................. 5,998 56.54 15,019 89.97 21,017 80.43

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Table 30. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at U.S.

Mines by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1994

(Million Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coalbed Thickness Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average (inches) Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

< 7 ................................... − − 2 79.33 2 79.33

7-12 ................................... − − 9 84.09 9 84.09

13-18 ................................. − − 55 79.32 55 79.32

19-24 ................................. 13 44.58 292 80.64 306 79.09

25-30 ................................. 72 57.11 234 80.85 306 75.28

31-36 ................................. 184 61.72 266 77.09 450 70.81

37-42 ................................. 324 59.72 251 77.67 576 67.55

43-48 ................................. 535 62.55 272 78.75 807 68.02

49-54 ................................. 381 57.45 598 89.77 979 77.19

55-60 ................................. 676 57.94 172 83.90 848 63.19

61-66 ................................. 995 51.98 329 82.90 1,324 59.67

67-72 ................................. 453 55.42 449 85.91 901 70.60

73-78 ................................. 418 52.61 190 89.41 609 64.12

79-84 ................................. 758 54.61 31 79.62 788 55.58

85-90 ................................. 37 62.73 336 93.28 373 90.26

91-96 ................................. 335 54.51 241 87.32 576 68.21

97-102 ............................... 140 55.29 58 88.38 199 64.97

103-108 ............................. 82 54.00 354 90.00 436 83.23

109-114 ............................. 97 62.00 39 76.51 136 66.18

115-120 ............................. 55 55.70 22 78.09 77 62.15

> 120 .............................. 444 61.32 10,818 91.94 11,262 90.73

U.S. Total ......................... 5,998 56.54 15,019 89.97 21,017 80.43

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents thet percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 43 
Table 31. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at

Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1994

(Million Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average State and Region Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

 Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Alabama .......................................... 398 60.78 − − 59 56.32 457 60.20

Underground .............................. 367 58.40 − − 50 51.24 416 57.54

Surface ....................................... 31 88.65 − − 9 83.23 41 87.39

Alaska .............................................. − − w w − − w w

Surface ....................................... − − w w − − w w

Arizona ............................................ w w − −− − w w

Surface ....................................... w w − −− − w w

Arkansas ......................................... − −− − w ww w

Surface ....................................... − −− − w ww w

Colorado ......................................... 166 68.61 41 90.00 470 79.01 676 77.12

Underground .............................. 137 63.90 − − 281 73.62 418 70.43

Surface ....................................... 28 91.35 41 90.00 189 87.00 258 87.95

Illinois .............................................. 518 51.47 19 61.57 427 54.28 963 52.92

Underground .............................. 478 49.57 19 61.57 420 53.92 918 51.81

Surface ....................................... 40 74.44 − − 6 78.33 46 74.97

Indiana ............................................ 218 71.99 − − 86 74.70 304 72.75

Underground .............................. w w − − w ww w

Surface ....................................... w w w w w w w w

Iowa ................................................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ....................................... − −− − w ww w

Kansas ............................................ w w − −− − w w

Surface ....................................... w w − −− − w w

Kentucky Total .............................. 239 47.54 3 80.00 1,123 61.94 1,365 59.45

Underground .............................. 236 46.99 − − 810 55.32 1,046 53.44

Surface ....................................... 4 81.94 3 80.00 313 79.05 320 79.10

Eastern ......................................... 56 58.77 3 80.00 750 62.83 809 62.60

Underground .............................. 55 58.36 − − 579 57.37 634 57.45

Surface ....................................... 1 90.00 3 80.00 171 81.33 174 81.34

Western ........................................ 183 44.12 − − 373 60.14 556 54.86

Underground .............................. 180 43.52 − − 231 50.18 411 47.26

Surface ....................................... 3 80.00 − − 142 76.32 145 76.39

Louisiana ........................................ − −− − w ww w

Surface ....................................... − −− − w ww w

Maryland ......................................... − −− − 89 55.50 89 55.50

Underground .............................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ....................................... − −− − w ww w

Missouri .......................................... − −− − 12 81.48 12 81.48

Surface ....................................... − −− − 12 81.48 12 81.48

Montana .......................................... 227 91.10 w w w w 1,283 90.51

Surface ....................................... 227 91.10 w w w w 1,283 90.51

New Mexico ................................... 124 80.85 1,127 94.88 207 86.00 1,458 92.42

Underground .............................. w w − −− − w w

Surface ....................................... w w w w w w w w

North Dakota ................................. 398 90.00 203 90.00 1,093 89.76 1,695 89.84

Surface ....................................... 398 90.00 203 90.00 1,093 89.76 1,695 89.84

Ohio ................................................. 337 64.59 * 81.67 142 75.43 479 67.81

Underground .............................. 254 58.05 − − 17 51.07 271 57.60

Surface ....................................... 83 84.66 * 81.67 125 78.81 208 81.14

Oklahoma ....................................... − − w w w w 43 63.89

Underground .............................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ....................................... − − w ww ww w

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 437 61.84 1 98.89 475 74.06 913 68.23

Underground .............................. 430 61.49 − − 327 70.89 757 65.56

Surface ....................................... 8 81.22 1 98.89 147 81.11 156 81.20

Anthracite .................................... 3 75.85 1 98.89 34 63.30 38 65.06

Underground .............................. − −− − 23 73.43 23 73.43

Surface ....................................... 3 75.85 1 98.89 11 41.82 15 52.05

Bituminous .................................. 434 61.74 − − 441 74.89 875 68.37

Underground .............................. 430 61.49 − − 304 70.70 734 65.31

Surface ....................................... 5 84.92 − − 137 84.24 141 84.26

Tennessee ...................................... − −− − 42 65.18 42 65.18

Underground .............................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ....................................... − −− − w ww w

Texas ............................................... − − 485 89.11 542 83.41 1,026 86.10

Surface ....................................... − − 485 89.11 542 83.41 1,026 86.10

Utah ................................................. 166 41.69 − − 257 48.95 423 46.10

Underground .............................. 166 41.69 − − 257 48.95 423 46.10

See footnotes at end of table.

44 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 31. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at

Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1994 (Continued)

(Million Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average State and Region Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

 Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Virginia ............................................ 97 55.40 − − 139 60.44 237 58.37

Underground .............................. 95 54.72 − − 126 57.71 222 56.43

Surface ....................................... 2 85.62 − − 13 87.04 15 86.84

Washington .................................... − − w ww ww w

Surface ....................................... − − w ww ww w

West Virginia Total ...................... 1,158 57.57 − − 672 67.19 1,830 61.10

Underground .............................. 872 51.53 − − 440 63.41 1,312 55.51

Surface ....................................... 286 75.97 − − 232 74.38 518 75.26

Northern ....................................... 638 48.28 − − 224 66.69 861 53.06

Underground .............................. 638 48.28 − − 108 64.78 746 50.67

Surface ....................................... − −− − 116 68.47 116 68.47

Southern ...................................... 521 68.94 − − 448 67.44 969 68.24

Underground .............................. 235 60.37 − − 332 62.96 567 61.88

Surface ....................................... 286 75.97 − − 116 80.25 402 77.21

Wyoming ......................................... w w w w 6,793 92.98 6,999 92.98

Underground .............................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ....................................... w w w w w w w w

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 2,484 59.73 4 83.98 2,368 66.54 4,855 63.07

Underground .............................. 2,073 55.94 − − 1,656 61.38 3,729 58.36

Surface ....................................... 411 78.86 4 83.98 712 78.53 1,126 78.67 1 Interior Total ................................ 922 54.91 504 88.08 1,642 69.74 3,069 68.29

Underground .............................. 677 48.00 19 61.57 702 52.76 1,398 50.58

Surface ....................................... 245 73.95 485 89.12 940 82.43 1,670 83.13 1 Western Total ............................... 1,650 82.58 2,439 91.71 9,004 90.48 13,093 89.72

Underground .............................. 316 52.07 − − 555 61.89 871 58.33

Surface ....................................... 1,334 89.80 2,439 91.71 8,449 92.36 12,222 91.95

East of Miss. River ....................... 3,403 58.42 23 65.12 3,254 64.41 6,679 61.36

Underground .............................. 2,750 53.98 19 61.57 2,324 58.80 5,093 56.21

Surface ....................................... 653 77.08 4 83.98 929 78.47 1,586 77.91

West of Miss. River ...................... 1,652 82.55 2,925 91.28 9,760 89.87 14,337 89.32

Underground .............................. 316 52.07 − − 589 61.78 905 58.39

Surface ....................................... 1,337 89.75 2,925 91.28 9,171 91.68 13,433 91.40

U.S. Total ........................................ 5,055 66.31 2,947 91.08 13,014 83.51 21,017 80.43

Underground .............................. 3,065 53.79 19 61.57 2,913 59.40 5,998 56.54

Surface ....................................... 1,990 85.59 2,928 91.27 10,101 90.46 15,019 89.97

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. See

Glossary for listing of other unions.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 45 
Table 32. Status of Recoverable Coal Reserves and Coal Production from Producing Federal Coal

Leases by State, Fiscal Year 1994

(Million Short Tons)

Coal-Producing State Number of Leases Recoverable Coal Reserves Production

Alabama ...................................... 2 30 −

Alaska .......................................... − 20 −

Colorado ...................................... 28 1,544 15.5

Kentucky ..................................... 4 10 .1

Montana ...................................... 17 939 30.6

New Mexico ................................ 7 274 6.5

North Dakota .............................. 4 148 1.7

Oklahoma .................................... 4 49 1.1

Utah ............................................. 36 3,038 22.1

Washington ................................. 1 − .3

Wyoming ...................................... 41 6,665 214.7

U.S. Total ................................... 144 12,718 292.5

Note: Fiscal year 1994 is the period from July 1, 1993, to June 30, 1994. Output from Federal Lands is reported as sales volume, the basis for royalties. It is approximately equivalent to production, which includes coal sold and coal added to stockpiles. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service and Bureau of Land Management, Mineral Revenues 1994

46 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Producer/Distributor

Stocks

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 47 
Table 33. Year-End Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks by State, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994

Alabama ................................................. 1,204 1,698 2,185 2,233 2,764 −29.1 −18.8

Alaska .................................................... 58 19 71 75 124 205.2 −17.1

Arizona ................................................... 2,634 1,590 1,555 1,461 1,191 65.7 22.0

Arkansas ................................................ 2 5 6 − − −62.8 −

California ................................................ − − 36 127 108 − −

Colorado ................................................ 1,575 1,155 955 850 1,274 36.3 5.4

Illinois ..................................................... 1,651 713 1,969 1,418 1,955 131.4 −4.1

Indiana .................................................... 803 527 1,016 525 559 52.4 9.5

Iowa ........................................................ −−− * * − −

Kansas ................................................... 31 25 28 20 33 27.0 −1.1

Kentucky Total ...................................... 5,025 3,216 3,796 4,646 4,114 56.3 5.1

Eastern ................................................ 4,235 2,558 2,809 3,266 3,188 65.6 7.3

Western ............................................... 790 658 987 1,379 926 20.2 −3.9

Louisiana ................................................ 202 12 2 3 12 NM 101.0

Maryland ................................................ 179 123 59 169 127 44.9 8.9

Missouri .................................................. − 2 − 5 − −100.0 −

Montana ................................................. 635 876 694 571 613 −27.5 .9

New Mexico ........................................... 1,467 2,343 1,648 1,760 2,401 −37.4 −11.6

North Dakota ......................................... 1,812 1,607 1,614 1,619 1,830 12.8 −.3

Ohio ........................................................ 833 550 1,087 821 887 51.4 −1.5

Oklahoma .............................................. 4 5 19 41 52 −19.2 −48.1

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 2,787 1,826 2,903 2,844 2,558 52.6 2.2

Anthracite ............................................ 249 234 198 196 200 6.4 5.6

Bituminous .......................................... 2,538 1,592 2,706 2,647 2,358 59.4 1.8

Tennessee ............................................. 57 35 21 94 97 60.3 −12.6

Texas ...................................................... 1,430 1,237 543 400 930 15.6 11.3

Utah ........................................................ 1,301 1,203 1,827 1,676 1,484 8.2 −3.2

Virginia ................................................... 1,180 1,389 1,714 2,154 1,844 −15.0 −10.5

Washington ............................................ 65 72 47 79 27 −9.6 25.2

West Virginia Total ............................... 6,692 4,059 7,405 6,464 5,250 64.9 6.3

Northern .............................................. 1,940 685 3,222 3,083 1,470 183.4 7.2

Southern .............................................. 4,752 3,374 4,183 3,382 3,779 40.8 5.9

Wyoming ................................................ 1,592 998 2,794 2,918 3,185 59.4 −15.9

 1 Appalachian Total ............................. 17,166 12,239 18,183 18,045 13,891 40.3 −3.1 1 Interior Total ...................................... 4,913 3,182 4,570 3,791 4,467 54.4 2.4

 1 Western Total ..................................... 11,140 9,863 11,241 11,135 12,237 12.9 −2.3

East of Miss. River ............................. 20,410 14,137 22,155 21,367 17,680 44.4 −5.4

West of Miss. River ............................ 12,809 11,147 11,838 11,604 13,264 14.9 −.9

U.S. Total .............................................. 33,219 25,284 33,993 32,971 33,418 31.4 −.1

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

48 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Imports

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 49 
Figure 5. U.S. Coal Imports, 1985-1994

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Thousand Short Tons

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Venezuela

Total

Colombia

Canada

50 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 34. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1985, 1990-1994

(Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change of Origin 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

North America Total .................... 1,253,417 1,053,576 1,020,852 935,477 979,220 404,444 19.0 6.4 13.4

Canada .......................................... 1,253,196 1,051,273 1,020,852 935,477 973,016 404,444 19.2 6.5 13.4

Guatemala .................................... − 4 − − − − −100.0 − −

Mexico ........................................... 221 2,299 − − 6,204 − −90.4 −56.5 −

South America Total .................... 4,920,202 5,415,318 2,301,933 2,416,309 1,690,987 594,151 −9.1 30.6 26.5

Colombia ....................................... 3,389,654 4,117,036 1,763,150 1,881,439 1,428,147 594,151 −17.7 24.1 21.3

Venezuela ..................................... 1,530,548 1,298,282 538,783 534,870 262,840 − 17.9 55.3 −

Europe Total .................................. 40 62 89 6 5,392 6,013 −35.5 −70.6 −42.7

Czechoslovakia ............................ − − − 6 − −− − −

Denmark ........................................ − 60 − − 130 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Germany ........................................ − − − − 1 43 − −100.0 −100.0

Italy ................................................ − − − − − 8 − −−100.0

Netherlands .................................. − − − − − 5,931 − −−100.0

Norway .......................................... − − − − 46 31 − −100.0 −100.0

Poland ........................................... 40 2 − − − − NM − −

United Kingdom ........................... − − 89 − 5,215 −− −100.0 −

Asia Total ....................................... 1,153,561 708,080 373,145 6,894 2 11 62.9 NM 261.3

China (Mainland) .......................... 111 − 284 202 − −− − −

India ............................................... − − 66,154 − − −− − −

Indonesia ....................................... 1,130,468 708,080 253,287 6,641 − − 59.6 − −

Japan ............................................. 1 − − 1 2 11 − −15.9 −23.4

Malaysia ........................................ − − 53,419 − − −− − −

Thailand ........................................ − − − 50 − −− − −

Vietnam ......................................... 22,981 − − − − −− − −

Oceania & Australia Total .......... 100,313 105,452 100,986 31,106 23,794 38,914 −4.9 43.3 11.1

Australia ........................................ 92,204 100,076 100,986 31,106 23,794 38,914 −7.9 40.3 10.0

New Zealand ................................ 8,109 5,376 −−−− 50.8 − −

Africa Total .................................... 156,452 26,419 5,762 − − 908,885 492.2 − −17.8

Gabon ............................................ − − − − − 188 − −−100.0

Nigeria ........................................... − − − − − 2 − −−100.0

South Africa, Rep of .................... 149,748 20,319 5,762 − − 908,695 NM − −18.1

Swaziland ...................................... 6,704 6,100 −−−− 9.9 − −

Total ................................................. 7,583,985 7,308,907 3,802,767 3,389,792 2,699,395 1,952,418 3.8 29.5 16.3

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500.

Note: Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 51 
Table 35. Coal Imports by Customs District, 1985, 1990-1994

(Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Customs District 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Eastern Total ................................. 1,554,466 1,275,919 340,317 361,097 351,348 72,366 21.8 45.0 40.6

Boston, MA ................................... 977,473 674,086 128,667 84,310 139,771 42,689 45.0 62.6 41.6

Baltimore, MD ............................... 88,668 224,579 − − − − −60.5 − −

Portland, ME ................................. 385,097 236,473 108,863 207,152 143,868 236 62.8 27.9 127.5

Buffalo, NY ................................... − − − 134 69 52 − −100.0 −100.0

New York City, NY ....................... − 2 − − 1 62 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Ogdensburg, NY .......................... − − − − 45 −− −100.0 −

Philadelphia, PA ........................... 78,387 140,779 102,787 69,501 67,594 2 −44.3 3.8 223.8

Norfolk, VA ................................... 24,841 − − − − 29,325 −−−1.8

Southern Total .............................. 4,106,306 4,321,336 2,053,672 2,061,987 1,384,974 1,479,422 −5.0 31.2 12.0

Mobile, AL ..................................... 1,033,368 935,232 − − − 908,695 10.5 − 1.4

Savannah, GA .............................. 29,582 − − − − −− − −

Miami, FL ...................................... 7,496 − − − − −− − −

Tampa, FL .................................... 2,080,757 2,263,893 1,419,581 1,680,398 1,058,354 59,155 −8.1 18.4 48.5

New Orleans, LA .......................... 524,256 675,827 154,600 23,731 − 320,566 −22.4 − 5.6

Wilmington, NC ............................ 26,648 −−− 46 − − 390.6 −

San Juan, PR ............................... 80,016 107,506 169,707 211,313 234,989 190,957 −25.6 −23.6 −9.2

Houston-Galveston, TX ............... 154,938 121,505 83,466 11,023 5,215 − 27.5 133.5 −

Laredo, TX .................................... 221 2,299 − − 6,204 − −90.4 −56.5 −

Port Arthur, TX ............................. −−−−− 49 − −−100.0

Virgin Islands ................................ 169,024 215,074 226,318 135,522 80,166 − −21.4 20.5 −

Western Total ................................ 710,576 730,662 461,675 116,420 96,480 340,554 −2.7 64.7 8.5

Los Angeles, CA .......................... 12 − − 877 2 30 − 56.5 −9.7

San Francisco, CA ....................... − − 284 − − 68,765 − −−100.0

Honolulu, HI .................................. 670,005 660,379 407,692 31,106 23,794 53,530 1.4 130.3 32.4

Great Falls, MT ............................ 34,426 41,580 36,237 57,916 42,017 143,227 −17.2 −4.8 −14.6

Seattle, WA ................................... 6,133 28,703 17,462 26,521 30,667 75,002 −78.6 −33.1 −24.3

Northern Total ............................... 1,212,637 980,990 947,103 850,288 866,593 60,076 23.6 8.8 39.6

Chicago, IL .................................... 283,106 134,485 230,677 208,021 316,534 − 110.5 −2.8 −

Detroit, MI ..................................... 312,214 203,067 58,937 275 − 17,488 53.7 − 37.7

Duluth, MN .................................... 77,355 12,811 − 211 − 223 NM − 91.5

Pembina, ND ................................ 539,962 630,627 657,400 641,781 550,059 42,334 −14.4 −.5 32.7

Cleveland, OH .............................. − − 89 − − −− − −

Milwaukee, WI .............................. − − − − − 31 − −−100.0

Total ................................................. 7,583,985 7,308,907 3,802,767 3,389,792 2,699,395 1,952,418 3.8 29.5 16.3

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

52 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 36. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination

State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Short Tons)

Percent Country of Origin 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change and Destination State 1993-1994

Australia Total ............................... 109,737 98,947 111,097 −−− 10.9

Hawaii ......................................... 73,775 64,594 65,583 −−− 14.2

Virginia ........................................ 35,962 34,353 45,514 −−− 4.7

Canada Total ................................. 1,317,929 664,835 103,943 26,920 33,600 42,700 98.2

Illinois ......................................... 346,192 50,936 54,025 −−− NM

Indiana ........................................ 592,655 582,689 − − − − 1.7

Massachusetts .......................... − − 32,800 − − 42,700 −

Michigan ..................................... 371,097 − − − − − −

New Hampshire ........................ − − − − 33,600 − −

Ohio ............................................ 1,635 2,000 1,828 − − −−18.3

Washington ................................ 6,350 29,210 15,290 26,920 − −−78.3

Colombia Total .............................. 3,150,128 3,642,728 1,504,138 1,582,600 1,112,470 390,749 −13.5

Alabama ..................................... 178,330 57,602 − − − − 209.6

Delaware .................................... 22,031 − − − − − −

Florida ........................................ 2,348,550 2,999,303 1,418,580 1,582,600 1,007,670 361,749 −21.7

Georgia ....................................... 11,902 − − − − − −

Maryland .................................... 88,000 224,000 − − − − −60.7

Massachusetts .......................... 135,500 187,200 − − 104,800 − −27.6

New Hampshire ........................ 163,311 52,143 48,400 −−− 213.2

New Jersey ................................ 22,500 − − − − − −

North Carolina ........................... 26,600 − − − − − −

Texas .......................................... 153,404 122,480 37,158 −−− 25.2

Virginia ........................................ − − − − − 29,000 −

Indonesia Total ............................. 437,292 118,981 13,100 24,253 − − 267.5

Florida ........................................ 147,215 − − 24,253 − − −

Indiana ........................................ − 11,100 − − − − −100.0

Louisiana .................................... 169,181 − − − − − −

Maine .......................................... − 3,135 − − − − −100.0

Massachusetts .......................... 7,938 − − − − − −

Mississippi .................................. − 67,547 − − − − −100.0

New Hampshire ........................ 112,958 37,199 − − − − 203.6

Ohio ............................................ − − 13,100 − − −−

Mexico Total .................................. − 33,520 − − − − −100.0

Texas .......................................... − 33,520 − − − − −100.0

South Africa Total ........................ 127,300 −−−− 865,500 −

Florida ........................................ 127,300 − − − − 865,500 −

Venezuela Total ............................ 1,456,645 936,945 240,584 333,027 220,100 − 55.5

Alabama ..................................... − 30,278 − − − − −100.0

Florida ........................................ 421,674 312,193 − 42,200 40,100 − 35.1

Georgia ....................................... 26,835 − − − − − −

Maine .......................................... 91,436 9,123 − − − − NM

Massachusetts .......................... 916,700 476,100 163,800 83,700 69,800 − 92.5

New Hampshire ........................ − 109,251 34,300 207,127 110,200 − −100.0

Texas .......................................... − − 42,484 − − −−

Total ................................................. 6,599,031 5,495,956 1,972,862 1,966,800 1,366,170 1,298,949 20.1

Alabama ..................................... 178,330 87,880 − − − − 102.9

Delaware .................................... 22,031 − − − − − −

Florida ........................................ 3,044,739 3,311,496 1,418,580 1,649,053 1,047,770 1,227,249 −8.0

Georgia ....................................... 38,737 − − − − − −

Hawaii ......................................... 73,775 64,594 65,583 −−− 14.2

Illinois ......................................... 346,192 50,936 54,025 −−− NM

Indiana ........................................ 592,655 593,789 − − − − −.2

Louisiana .................................... 169,181 − − − − − −

Maine .......................................... 91,436 12,258 − − − − NM

Maryland .................................... 88,000 224,000 − − − − −60.7

Massachusetts .......................... 1,060,138 663,300 196,600 83,700 174,600 42,700 59.8

Michigan ..................................... 371,097 − − − − − −

Mississippi .................................. − 67,547 − − − − −100.0

New Hampshire ........................ 276,269 198,593 82,700 207,127 143,800 − 39.1

New Jersey ................................ 22,500 − − − − − −

North Carolina ........................... 26,600 − − − − − −

Ohio ............................................ 1,635 2,000 14,928 − − −−18.3

Texas .......................................... 153,404 156,000 79,642 − − −−1.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 53 
Table 36. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination

State, 1985, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Short Tons)

Percent Country of Origin 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change and Destination State 1993-1994

Total (Continued)

Virginia ........................................ 35,962 34,353 45,514 − − 29,000 4.7

Washington ................................ 6,350 29,210 15,290 26,920 − −−78.3

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500.

Notes: Data for 1985 through 1991 are only for receipts at electric utilities. Data for 1992 through 1994 are for receipts at electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. See Table 37 and Table 38 for related data. See Technical Note 1 for the difference between receipts of imported coal and

U.S. coal imports.

Sources: • 1985-1991: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric

Plants.’’• 1992-1994: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5A, ‘‘Annual Coal

Quality Report - Coke Plants’’; and FERC, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

54 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 37. Imported Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Country of Origin and

Destination State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Country of Origin 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change and Destination State 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Canada Total ................................. 63,350 29,210 48,090 26,920 33,600 42,700 116.9 17.2 4.5

Massachusetts .......................... − − 32,800 − − 42,700 − −−100.0

Michigan ..................................... 57,000 − − − − −− − −

New Hampshire ........................ − − − − 33,600 −− −100.0 −

Washington ................................ 6,350 29,210 15,290 26,920 − −−78.3 − −

Colombia Total .............................. 2,971,798 3,585,126 1,504,138 1,582,600 1,112,470 390,749 −17.1 27.8 25.3

Delaware .................................... 22,031 − − − − −− − −

Florida ........................................ 2,348,550 2,999,303 1,418,580 1,582,600 1,007,670 361,749 −21.7 23.5 23.1

Georgia ....................................... 11,902 − − − − −− − −

Maryland .................................... 88,000 224,000 − − − − −60.7 − −

Massachusetts .......................... 135,500 187,200 − − 104,800 − −27.6 6.6 −

New Hampshire ........................ 163,311 52,143 48,400 − − − 213.2 − −

New Jersey ................................ 22,500 − − − − −− − −

North Carolina ........................... 26,600 − − − − −− − −

Texas .......................................... 153,404 122,480 37,158 −−− 25.2 − −

Virginia ........................................ − − − − − 29,000 − −−100.0

Indonesia Total ............................. 437,292 115,846 13,100 24,253 − − 277.5 − −

Florida ........................................ 147,215 − − 24,253 − −− − −

Indiana ........................................ − 11,100 − − − − −100.0 − −

Louisiana .................................... 169,181 − − − − −− − −

Massachusetts .......................... 7,938 − − − − −− − −

Mississippi .................................. − 67,547 − − − − −100.0 − −

New Hampshire ........................ 112,958 37,199 − − − − 203.6 − −

Ohio ............................................ − − 13,100 − − −− − −

South Africa Total ........................ 127,300 −−−− 865,500 − −−19.2

Florida ........................................ 127,300 − − − − 865,500 − −−19.2

Venezuela Total ............................ 1,365,209 897,544 240,584 333,027 220,100 − 52.1 57.8 −

Florida ........................................ 421,674 312,193 − 42,200 40,100 − 35.1 80.1 −

Georgia ....................................... 26,835 − − − − −− − −

Massachusetts .......................... 916,700 476,100 163,800 83,700 69,800 − 92.5 90.4 −

New Hampshire ........................ − 109,251 34,300 207,127 110,200 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Texas .......................................... − − 42,484 − − −− − −

Total ................................................. 4,964,949 4,627,726 1,805,912 1,966,800 1,366,170 1,298,949 7.3 38.1 16.1

Delaware .................................... 22,031 − − − − −− − −

Florida ........................................ 3,044,739 3,311,496 1,418,580 1,649,053 1,047,770 1,227,249 −8.0 30.6 10.6

Georgia ....................................... 38,737 − − − − −− − −

Indiana ........................................ − 11,100 − − − − −100.0 − −

Louisiana .................................... 169,181 − − − − −− − −

Maryland .................................... 88,000 224,000 − − − − −60.7 − −

Massachusetts .......................... 1,060,138 663,300 196,600 83,700 174,600 42,700 59.8 57.0 42.9

Michigan ..................................... 57,000 − − − − −− − −

Mississippi .................................. − 67,547 − − − − −100.0 − −

New Hampshire ........................ 276,269 198,593 82,700 207,127 143,800 − 39.1 17.7 −

New Jersey ................................ 22,500 − − − − −− − −

North Carolina ........................... 26,600 − − − − −− − −

Ohio ............................................ − − 13,100 − − −− − −

Texas .......................................... 153,404 122,480 79,642 −−− 25.2 − −

Virginia ........................................ − − − − − 29,000 − −−100.0

Washington ................................ 6,350 29,210 15,290 26,920 − −−78.3 − −

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 55 
Table 38. Imported Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Country of

Origin and Destination State, 1993-1994

(Short Tons)

 Manufacturing Coke Plants Total

Country of Origin Percent Percent Percent and Destination State 1994 1993 Change 1994 1993 Change 1994 1993 Change

 1993-1994 1993-1994 1993-1994

Australia Total ...................................... 109,737 98,947 10.9 −−− 109,737 98,947 10.9

Hawaii ................................................ 73,775 64,594 14.2 −−− 73,775 64,594 14.2

Virginia ............................................... 35,962 34,353 4.7 −−− 35,962 34,353 4.7

Canada Total ......................................... 1,635 2,000 −18.2 1,252,944 633,625 97.7 1,254,579 635,625 97.4

Illinois ................................................. −−− 346,192 50,936 NM 346,192 50,936 NM

Indiana ............................................... −−− 592,655 582,689 1.7 592,655 582,689 1.7

Michigan ............................................ −−− 314,097 − − 314,097 − −

Ohio .................................................... 1,635 2,000 −18.2 −−− 1,635 2,000 −18.2

Colombia Total ..................................... 178,330 57,602 209.6 −−− 178,330 57,602 209.6

Alabama ............................................. 178,330 57,602 209.6 −−− 178,330 57,602 209.6

Indonesia Total ..................................... − 3,135 −100.0 − − −− 3,135 −100.0

Maine ................................................. − 3,135 −100.0 − − −− 3,135 −100.0

Mexico Total .......................................... − 33,520 −100.0 − − −− 33,520 −100.0

Texas ................................................. − 33,520 −100.0 − − −− 33,520 −100.0

Venezuela Total .................................... 91,436 39,401 132.1 −−− 91,436 39,401 132.1

Alabama ............................................. − 30,278 −100.0 − − −− 30,278 −100.0

Maine ................................................. 91,436 9,123 NM −−− 91,436 9,123 NM

Total ........................................................ 381,138 234,605 62.5 1,252,944 633,625 97.7 1,634,082 868,230 88.2

Alabama ............................................. 178,330 87,880 102.9 −−− 178,330 87,880 102.9

Hawaii ................................................ 73,775 64,594 14.2 −−− 73,775 64,594 14.2

Illinois ................................................. −−− 346,192 50,936 NM 346,192 50,936 NM

Indiana ............................................... −−− 592,655 582,689 1.7 592,655 582,689 1.7

Maine ................................................. 91,436 12,258 NM −−− 91,436 12,258 NM

Michigan ............................................ −−− 314,097 − − 314,097 − −

Ohio .................................................... 1,635 2,000 −18.2 −−− 1,635 2,000 −18.2

Texas ................................................. − 33,520 −100.0 − − −− 33,520 −100.0

Virginia ............................................... 35,962 34,353 4.7 −−− 35,962 34,353 4.7

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; and Form EIA-5A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke Plants.’’

56 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Employment and Productivity

Employment

In 1994, the average number of miners working daily

at mines and/or preparation plants producing or processing 10 thousand or more short tons of coal dropped

4 percent from the 1993 level (Table 39), to 97,500

miners. Of the 26 coal-producing States, 14 had a

decrease in employment. The majority of these States

are in the Interior Region, which, in turn accounted

for the largest share of the decrease (9 percent) in

employment. The Appalachian Region had a 3-percent

decrease, while the Western Region showed a slight

increase of 0.9 percent in employment.

The average number of miners at underground mines

in 1994 totaled 61,562 miners, accounting for 63

percent of all U.S. miners (Table 40). Employment at

underground mines decreased 5 percent since 1993,

with all three regions showing a decline.

In 1994, the average number of miners at surface

mines dropped by 2 percent from the 1993 level to

35,938 miners (Table 41). Miners in the Interior and

Appalachian Regions declined by 6 percent and 2

percent, respectively, while the Western Region

increased 2 percent.

Mines that produced 1 million short tons or more of

coal in 1994, accounted for 70 percent of total production and employed 45 percent of the miners. Of

this total, 29 percent worked in underground mines

and 16 percent at surface mines (Table 42). Over 42

thousand miners (43 percent) belonged to a union.

The United Mine Workers of America (UMWA)

represented 40 percent of the total coal mining

workforce, while only 4 percent belonged to "other

unions" (Table 45).

U.S. coal mine injuries in 1994 totaled 10,665, a

3-percent increase from the 1993 level. Of those injuries, 44 were fatal, 6 percent less than in 1993 (Table

46). Since 1990, fatal injuries have dropped at an

average annual rate of almost 10 percent.

Productivity

In 1994, coal miners working daily averaged 4.98

short tons per miner per hour, a 6-percent rise from

the 1993 level (Table 48). Increases occurred in the

Appalachian and Western Regions, while the Interior

Region remained the same as last year. Over the last

decade (1985-1994), productivity at U.S. coal mines

has increased at an average annual rate of 7 percent;

both underground and surface mines had average

annual productivity gains of almost 7 percent (Tables

49 and 50). However, the selective coal strike by the

UMWA in 1993, adversely affected some of the more

productive unionized mines. During the past 5 years,

the average annual productivity gain at underground

mines decreased somewhat. During the same period

the growth rate at surface mines was 7 percent.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 57 
Employment

58 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Figure 6. Average Number of U.S. Miners by Mine Type and by Region, 1985-1994

0

50

100

150

200

250

Thousands

85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

Appalachian

Total

Interior Western

0

50

100

150

200

250

Thousands

85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

Surface

Total

Underground

Figure 7. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Mine Type and by Region, 1985-1994

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Short Tons per Miner per Hour

85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

Appalachian

Total

Interior

Western

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

Surface

Total

Underground

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 59 
Table 39. Average Number of Miners by State, 1985, 1990-1994

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... 5,418 5,399 5,386 6,314 6,534 8,616 0.3 −4.6 −5.0

Alaska .............................................. 105 96 111 99 84 96 9.4 5.7 1.0

Arizona ............................................. 864 876 888 900 951 885 −1.4 −2.4 −.3

Arkansas .......................................... 15 5 14 14 13 26 200.0 3.6 −5.9

California .......................................... − − 8859 −− −

Colorado .......................................... 1,905 1,775 1,610 2,037 2,009 2,551 7.3 −1.3 −3.2

Illinois ............................................... 6,591 7,303 8,323 9,102 10,018 13,858 −9.7 −9.9 −7.9

Indiana ............................................. 3,206 3,331 3,652 3,919 4,195 5,187 −3.8 −6.5 −5.2

Iowa .................................................. 20 90 101 97 135 142 −77.8 −37.9 −19.6

Kansas ............................................. 63 81 96 92 132 228 −22.2 −16.9 −13.3

Kentucky Total ................................ 23,368 24,063 24,624 26,642 30,498 36,814 −2.9 −6.4 −4.9

Eastern .......................................... 18,577 18,711 19,419 21,129 24,912 29,099 −.7 −7.1 −4.9

Western ......................................... 4,791 5,352 5,205 5,513 5,586 7,715 −10.5 −3.8 −5.1

Louisiana .......................................... 111 99 77 103 103 72 12.1 1.9 4.9

Maryland .......................................... 451 441 438 524 589 678 2.3 −6.4 −4.4

Missouri ............................................ 116 180 323 312 347 1,108 −35.5 −24.0 −22.2

Montana ........................................... 705 660 715 794 821 1,173 6.8 −3.7 −5.5

New Mexico ..................................... 1,786 1,762 1,683 1,650 1,472 1,929 1.4 4.9 −.8

North Dakota ................................... 645 782 744 814 931 1,132 −17.5 −8.8 −6.0

Ohio .................................................. 3,983 3,866 4,515 5,293 5,866 8,954 3.0 −9.2 −8.6

Oklahoma ........................................ 253 273 334 410 415 1,024 −7.3 −11.6 −14.4

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 9,975 10,940 12,659 13,506 15,903 22,207 −8.8 −11.0 −8.5

Anthracite ...................................... 1,183 1,124 1,217 1,161 1,687 2,272 5.2 −8.5 −7.0

Bituminous .................................... 8,792 9,816 11,442 12,345 14,216 19,935 −10.4 −11.3 −8.7

Tennessee ....................................... 669 646 804 1,242 1,697 2,622 3.6 −20.8 −14.1

Texas ................................................ 1,733 1,841 2,001 2,149 2,131 2,360 −5.9 −5.0 −3.4

Utah .................................................. 1,675 1,769 1,997 2,277 2,434 2,563 −5.3 −8.9 −4.6

Virginia ............................................. 8,121 8,339 9,138 10,055 10,342 13,268 −2.6 −5.9 −5.3

Washington ...................................... 570 567 612 638 777 677 .5 −7.4 −1.9

West Virginia Total ......................... 21,861 22,979 26,017 28,310 29,578 36,658 −4.9 −7.3 −5.6

Northern ........................................ 6,659 7,274 8,481 9,468 10,053 12,324 −8.4 −9.8 −6.6

Southern ........................................ 15,202 15,705 17,536 18,842 19,525 24,334 −3.2 −6.1 −5.1

Wyoming .......................................... 3,291 3,159 3,326 3,301 3,330 4,444 4.2 −.3 −3.3

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 69,055 71,321 78,376 86,373 95,421 122,102 −3.2 −7.8 −6.1 1 Interior Total ................................ 16,899 18,555 20,126 21,711 23,075 31,720 −8.9 −7.5 −6.8 1 Western Total ............................... 11,546 11,446 11,694 12,518 12,814 15,459 .9 −2.6 −3.2

East of Miss. River ....................... 83,643 87,307 95,556 104,907 115,220 148,862 −4.2 −7.7 −6.2

West of Miss. River ...................... 13,857 14,015 14,640 15,695 16,090 20,419 −1.1 −3.7 −4.2

U.S. Total ........................................ 97,500 101,322 110,196 120,602 131,310 169,281 −3.8 −7.2 −5.9

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

60 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 40. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State, 1985, 1990-1994

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... 3,775 3,707 3,810 4,473 4,395 5,832 1.8 −3.7 −4.7

Arkansas .......................................... 10 − − − − −− − −

Colorado .......................................... 1,248 1,119 1,085 1,530 1,509 1,464 11.5 −4.6 −1.8

Illinois ............................................... 5,595 6,196 6,780 7,056 7,407 10,349 −9.7 −6.8 −6.6

Indiana ............................................. 485 545 422 447 524 455 −11.0 −1.9 .7

Iowa .................................................. − − − − − 42 −− −

Kentucky Total ................................ 15,837 16,493 16,888 18,481 20,898 22,877 −4.0 −6.7 −4.0

Eastern .......................................... 12,849 13,028 13,405 14,878 17,407 18,583 −1.4 −7.3 −4.0

Western ......................................... 2,988 3,465 3,483 3,603 3,491 4,294 −13.8 −3.8 −3.9

Maryland .......................................... 284 260 228 309 288 375 9.2 −.3 −3.0

Montana ........................................... − 7 − − − − −100.0 − −

New Mexico ..................................... 168 246 141 63 10 249 −31.7 102.4 −4.3

Ohio .................................................. 1,694 1,601 1,926 2,359 2,603 4,166 5.8 −10.2 −9.5

Oklahoma ........................................ 32 40 24 31 36 − −20.0 −2.9 −

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 6,192 6,853 8,113 8,751 9,937 14,185 −9.6 −11.1 −8.8

Anthracite ...................................... 149 194 147 123 174 369 −23.2 −3.8 −9.6

Bituminous .................................... 6,043 6,659 7,966 8,628 9,763 13,816 −9.3 −11.3 −8.8

Tennessee ....................................... 511 375 599 988 1,319 1,871 36.3 −21.1 −13.4

Utah .................................................. 1,675 1,769 1,997 2,277 2,434 2,563 −5.3 −8.9 −4.6

Virginia ............................................. 6,844 7,092 7,888 8,515 8,955 11,553 −3.5 −6.5 −5.6

West Virginia Total ......................... 16,956 18,040 20,738 22,512 23,584 31,106 −6.0 −7.9 −6.5

Northern ........................................ 5,997 6,414 7,513 8,509 8,784 10,305 −6.5 −9.1 −5.8

Southern ........................................ 10,959 11,626 13,225 14,003 14,800 20,801 −5.7 −7.2 −6.9

Wyoming .......................................... 256 261 268 258 255 270 −1.9 .1 −.6

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 49,105 50,956 56,707 62,785 68,488 87,671 −3.6 −8.0 −6.2 1 Interior Total ................................ 9,110 10,246 10,709 11,137 11,458 15,140 −11.1 −5.6 −5.5 1 Western Total ............................... 3,347 3,402 3,491 4,128 4,208 4,546 −1.6 −5.6 −3.3

East of Miss. River ....................... 58,173 61,162 67,392 73,891 79,910 102,769 −4.9 −7.6 −6.1

West of Miss. River ...................... 3,389 3,442 3,515 4,159 4,244 4,588 −1.5 −5.5 −3.3

U.S. Total ........................................ 61,562 64,604 70,907 78,050 84,154 107,357 −4.7 −7.5 −6.0

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 61 
Table 41. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State, 1985, 1990-1994

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... 1,643 1,692 1,576 1,841 2,139 2,784 −2.9 −6.4 −5.7

Alaska .............................................. 105 96 111 99 84 96 9.4 5.7 1.0

Arizona ............................................. 864 876 888 900 951 885 −1.4 −2.4 −.3

Arkansas .......................................... 5 5 14 14 13 26 − −21.2 −16.7

California .......................................... − − 8859 −− −

Colorado .......................................... 657 656 525 507 500 1,087 .1 7.1 −5.4

Illinois ............................................... 996 1,107 1,543 2,046 2,611 3,509 −10.0 −21.4 −13.0

Indiana ............................................. 2,721 2,786 3,230 3,472 3,671 4,732 −2.3 −7.2 −6.0

Iowa .................................................. 20 90 101 97 135 100 −77.8 −37.9 −16.4

Kansas ............................................. 63 81 96 92 132 228 −22.2 −16.9 −13.3

Kentucky Total ................................ 7,531 7,570 7,736 8,161 9,600 13,937 −.5 −5.9 −6.6

Eastern .......................................... 5,728 5,683 6,014 6,251 7,505 10,516 .8 −6.5 −6.5

Western ......................................... 1,803 1,887 1,722 1,910 2,095 3,421 −4.4 −3.7 −6.9

Louisiana .......................................... 111 99 77 103 103 72 12.1 1.9 4.9

Maryland .......................................... 167 181 210 215 301 303 −7.7 −13.7 −6.4

Missouri ............................................ 116 180 323 312 347 1,108 −35.5 −24.0 −22.2

Montana ........................................... 705 653 715 794 821 1,173 8.0 −3.7 −5.5

New Mexico ..................................... 1,618 1,516 1,542 1,587 1,462 1,680 6.7 2.6 −.4

North Dakota ................................... 645 782 744 814 931 1,132 −17.5 −8.8 −6.0

Ohio .................................................. 2,289 2,265 2,589 2,934 3,263 4,788 1.0 −8.5 −7.9

Oklahoma ........................................ 221 233 310 379 379 1,024 −5.1 −12.6 −15.7

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 3,783 4,087 4,546 4,755 5,966 8,022 −7.4 −10.8 −8.0

Anthracite ...................................... 1,034 930 1,070 1,038 1,513 1,903 11.2 −9.1 −6.5

Bituminous .................................... 2,749 3,157 3,476 3,717 4,453 6,119 −12.9 −11.3 −8.5

Tennessee ....................................... 158 271 205 254 378 751 −41.7 −19.6 −15.9

Texas ................................................ 1,733 1,841 2,001 2,149 2,131 2,360 −5.9 −5.0 −3.4

Virginia ............................................. 1,277 1,247 1,250 1,540 1,387 1,715 2.4 −2.0 −3.2

Washington ...................................... 570 567 612 638 777 677 .5 −7.4 −1.9

West Virginia Total ......................... 4,905 4,939 5,279 5,798 5,994 5,552 −.7 −4.9 −1.4

Northern ........................................ 662 860 968 959 1,269 2,019 −23.0 −15.0 −11.6

Southern ........................................ 4,243 4,079 4,311 4,839 4,725 3,533 4.0 −2.6 2.0

Wyoming .......................................... 3,035 2,898 3,058 3,043 3,075 4,174 4.7 −.3 −3.5

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 19,950 20,365 21,669 23,588 26,933 34,431 −2.0 −7.2 −5.9 1 Interior Total ................................ 7,789 8,309 9,417 10,574 11,617 16,580 −6.3 −9.5 −8.0 1 Western Total ............................... 8,199 8,044 8,203 8,390 8,606 10,913 1.9 −1.2 −3.1

East of Miss. River ....................... 25,470 26,145 28,164 31,016 35,310 46,093 −2.6 −7.8 −6.4

West of Miss. River ...................... 10,468 10,573 11,125 11,536 11,846 15,831 −1.0 −3.0 −4.5

U.S. Total ........................................ 35,938 36,718 39,289 42,552 47,156 61,924 −2.1 −6.6 −5.9

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

62 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 42. Average Number of Miners by State and Mine Production Range, 1994

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10 1 Zero and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ..................................... 3,132 912 347 224 409 196 198 5,418

Alaska ........................................ 105 − − − − − − 105

Arizona ....................................... 831 − − − − − 33 864

Arkansas .................................... − − − − − 15 − 15

Colorado .................................... 1,491 138 220 − − 7 49 1,905

Illinois ......................................... 6,018 93 251 − − 5 224 6,591

Indiana ....................................... 1,705 871 313 110 111 39 57 3,206

Iowa ............................................ − − − − − 20 − 20

Kansas ....................................... − − 63 −−−− 63

Kentucky Total .......................... 5,196 3,635 5,345 2,814 1,630 2,334 2,414 23,368

Eastern .................................... 2,741 2,843 4,588 2,653 1,523 2,176 2,053 18,577

Western ................................... 2,455 792 757 161 107 158 361 4,791

Louisiana .................................... 84 27 −−−−− 111

Maryland .................................... 219 − 58 78 16 47 33 451

Missouri ...................................... − − 36 77 − 3 − 116

Montana ..................................... 693 − 12 −−−− 705

New Mexico .............................. 1,591 165 −−−− 30 1,786

North Dakota ............................. 645 − − − − − − 645

Ohio ............................................ 1,437 855 491 316 351 345 188 3,983

Oklahoma .................................. − − 150 76 14 13 − 253

Pennsylvania Total ................... 2,709 1,611 2,090 900 754 987 924 9,975

Anthracite ................................ − 5 275 129 115 198 461 1,183

Bituminous .............................. 2,709 1,606 1,815 771 639 789 463 8,792

Tennessee ................................. − 102 202 22 165 79 99 669

Texas ......................................... 1,664 − 57 − 12 − − 1,733

Utah ............................................ 1,407 57 99 60 − 29 23 1,675

Virginia ....................................... 1,677 1,044 1,291 1,206 1,086 787 1,030 8,121

Washington ................................ 522 − 48 −−−− 570

West Virginia Total ................... 9,436 2,032 3,907 1,560 1,219 1,176 2,531 21,861

Northern .................................. 4,413 86 820 357 199 285 499 6,659

Southern ................................. 5,023 1,946 3,087 1,203 1,020 891 2,032 15,202

Wyoming .................................... 3,027 72 74 80 22 − 16 3,291

 2 Appalachian Total ................. 21,351 9,399 12,974 6,959 5,523 5,793 7,056 69,055

 2 Interior Total .......................... 11,926 1,783 1,627 424 244 253 642 16,899

 2 Western Total ........................ 10,312 432 453 140 22 36 151 11,546

East of Miss. River ................. 31,529 11,155 14,295 7,230 5,741 5,995 7,698 83,643

West of Miss. River ............... 12,060 459 759 293 48 87 151 13,857

U.S. Total .................................. 43,589 11,614 15,054 7,523 5,789 6,082 7,849 97,500

1 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 63 
Table 43. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State and Mine

Production Range, 1994

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10 1 Zero and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ..................................... 3,132 492 42 − 15 − 94 3,775

Arkansas .................................... − − − − − 10 − 10

Colorado .................................... 900 96 196 − − 7 49 1,248

Illinois ......................................... 5,397 − 30 −−− 168 5,595

Indiana ....................................... 360 120 −−−− 5 485

Kentucky Total .......................... 3,671 1,964 3,548 1,948 1,252 1,768 1,686 15,837

Eastern .................................... 1,694 1,648 3,222 1,890 1,206 1,732 1,457 12,849

Western ................................... 1,977 316 326 58 46 36 229 2,988

Maryland .................................... 219 − − 16 − 16 33 284

New Mexico .............................. − 165 −−−− 3 168

Ohio ............................................ 1,437 60 32 36 24 74 31 1,694

Oklahoma .................................. − − − 32 − − − 32

Pennsylvania Total ................... 2,581 1,199 1,227 424 242 177 342 6,192

Anthracite ................................ − − − − 30 34 85 149

Bituminous .............................. 2,581 1,199 1,227 424 212 143 257 6,043

Tennessee ................................. − 102 92 22 132 75 88 511

Utah ............................................ 1,407 57 99 60 − 29 23 1,675

Virginia ....................................... 1,677 825 933 910 963 644 892 6,844

West Virginia Total ................... 7,388 1,210 3,235 1,222 999 1,022 1,880 16,956

Northern .................................. 4,330 42 726 259 110 173 357 5,997

Southern ................................. 3,058 1,168 2,509 963 889 849 1,523 10,959

Wyoming .................................... 176 − − 80 − − − 256

 2 Appalachian Total ................. 18,128 5,536 8,783 4,520 3,581 3,740 4,817 49,105

 2 Interior Total .......................... 7,734 436 356 90 46 46 402 9,110

 2 Western Total ........................ 2,483 318 295 140 − 36 75 3,347

East of Miss. River ................. 25,862 5,972 9,139 4,578 3,627 3,776 5,219 58,173

West of Miss. River ............... 2,483 318 295 172 − 46 75 3,389

U.S. Total .................................. 28,345 6,290 9,434 4,750 3,627 3,822 5,294 61,562

1 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

64 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 44. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State and Mine

Production Range, 1994

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10 1 Zero and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ..................................... − 420 305 224 394 196 104 1,643

Alaska ........................................ 105 − − − − − − 105

Arizona ....................................... 831 − − − − − 33 864

Arkansas .................................... − − − − − 5 − 5

Colorado .................................... 591 42 24 −−−− 657

Illinois ......................................... 621 93 221 − − 5 56 996

Indiana ....................................... 1,345 751 313 110 111 39 52 2,721

Iowa ............................................ − − − − − 20 − 20

Kansas ....................................... − − 63 −−−− 63

Kentucky Total .......................... 1,525 1,671 1,797 866 378 566 728 7,531

Eastern .................................... 1,047 1,195 1,366 763 317 444 596 5,728

Western ................................... 478 476 431 103 61 122 132 1,803

Louisiana .................................... 84 27 −−−−− 111

Maryland .................................... − − 58 62 16 31 − 167

Missouri ...................................... − − 36 77 − 3 − 116

Montana ..................................... 693 − 12 −−−− 705

New Mexico .............................. 1,591 − − − − − 27 1,618

North Dakota ............................. 645 − − − − − − 645

Ohio ............................................ − 795 459 280 327 271 157 2,289

Oklahoma .................................. − − 150 44 14 13 − 221

Pennsylvania Total ................... 128 412 863 476 512 810 582 3,783

Anthracite ................................ − 5 275 129 85 164 376 1,034

Bituminous .............................. 128 407 588 347 427 646 206 2,749

Tennessee ................................. − − 110 − 33 4 11 158

Texas ......................................... 1,664 − 57 − 12 − − 1,733

Virginia ....................................... − 219 358 296 123 143 138 1,277

Washington ................................ 522 − 48 −−−− 570

West Virginia Total ................... 2,048 822 672 338 220 154 651 4,905

Northern .................................. 83 44 94 98 89 112 142 662

Southern ................................. 1,965 778 578 240 131 42 509 4,243

Wyoming .................................... 2,851 72 74 − 22 − 16 3,035

 2 Appalachian Total ................. 3,223 3,863 4,191 2,439 1,942 2,053 2,239 19,950

 2 Interior Total .......................... 4,192 1,347 1,271 334 198 207 240 7,789

 2 Western Total ........................ 7,829 114 158 − 22 − 76 8,199

East of Miss. River ................. 5,667 5,183 5,156 2,652 2,114 2,219 2,479 25,470

West of Miss. River ............... 9,577 141 464 121 48 41 76 10,468

U.S. Total .................................. 15,244 5,324 5,620 2,773 2,162 2,260 2,555 35,938

1 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 65 
Table 45. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1994

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Alabama .......................................... 3,990 − 3,990 1,428 5,418

Underground .............................. 3,318 − 3,318 457 3,775

Surface ....................................... 672 − 672 971 1,643

Alaska .............................................. − 105 105 − 105

Surface ....................................... − 105 105 − 105

Arizona ............................................ 831 − 831 33 864

Surface ....................................... 831 − 831 33 864

Arkansas ......................................... − − − 15 15

Underground .............................. − − − 10 10

Surface ....................................... − − − 5 5

Colorado ......................................... 738 174 912 993 1,905

Underground .............................. 579 − 579 669 1,248

Surface ....................................... 159 174 333 324 657

Illinois .............................................. 5,245 246 5,491 1,100 6,591

Underground .............................. 4,338 246 4,584 1,011 5,595

Surface ....................................... 907 − 907 89 996

Indiana ............................................ 1,662 74 1,736 1,470 3,206

Underground .............................. 339 − 339 146 485

Surface ....................................... 1,323 74 1,397 1,324 2,721

Iowa ................................................. − − − 20 20

Surface ....................................... − − − 20 20

Kansas ............................................ 63 − 63 − 63

Surface ....................................... 63 − 63 − 63

Kentucky Total .............................. 2,403 174 2,577 20,791 23,368

Underground .............................. 2,186 105 2,291 13,546 15,837

Surface ....................................... 217 69 286 7,245 7,531

Eastern ......................................... 1,090 174 1,264 17,313 18,577

Underground .............................. 1,052 105 1,157 11,692 12,849

Surface ....................................... 38 69 107 5,621 5,728

Western ........................................ 1,313 − 1,313 3,478 4,791

Underground .............................. 1,134 − 1,134 1,854 2,988

Surface ....................................... 179 − 179 1,624 1,803

Louisiana ........................................ − − − 111 111

Surface ....................................... − − − 111 111

Maryland ......................................... − − − 451 451

Underground .............................. − − − 284 284

Surface ....................................... − − − 167 167

Missouri .......................................... − − − 116 116

Surface ....................................... − − − 116 116

Montana .......................................... 345 300 645 60 705

Surface ....................................... 345 300 645 60 705

New Mexico ................................... 804 802 1,606 180 1,786

Underground .............................. 168 − 168 − 168

Surface ....................................... 636 802 1,438 180 1,618

North Dakota ................................. 166 75 241 404 645

Surface ....................................... 166 75 241 404 645

Ohio ................................................. 1,907 26 1,933 2,050 3,983

Underground .............................. 1,437 − 1,437 257 1,694

Surface ....................................... 470 26 496 1,793 2,289

Oklahoma ....................................... − 14 14 239 253

Underground .............................. − − − 32 32

Surface ....................................... − 14 14 207 221

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 4,781 16 4,797 5,178 9,975

Underground .............................. 4,163 7 4,170 2,022 6,192

Surface ....................................... 618 9 627 3,156 3,783

Anthracite .................................... 554 10 564 619 1,183

Underground .............................. − 4 4 145 149

Surface ....................................... 554 6 560 474 1,034

Bituminous .................................. 4,227 6 4,233 4,559 8,792

Underground .............................. 4,163 3 4,166 1,877 6,043

Surface ....................................... 64 3 67 2,682 2,749

Tennessee ...................................... − − − 669 669

Underground .............................. − − − 511 511

Surface ....................................... − − − 158 158

Texas ............................................... − 973 973 760 1,733

Surface ....................................... − 973 973 760 1,733

Utah ................................................. 586 − 586 1,089 1,675

Underground .............................. 586 − 586 1,089 1,675

Virginia ............................................ 2,894 − 2,894 5,227 8,121

Underground .............................. 2,751 − 2,751 4,093 6,844

Surface ....................................... 143 − 143 1,134 1,277

Washington .................................... − 522 522 48 570

Surface ....................................... − 522 522 48 570

See footnotes at end of table.

66 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 45. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1994 (Continued)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

West Virginia Total ...................... 11,719 34 11,753 10,108 21,861

Underground .............................. 9,663 15 9,678 7,278 16,956

Surface ....................................... 2,056 19 2,075 2,830 4,905

Northern ....................................... 4,512 − 4,512 2,147 6,659

Underground .............................. 4,512 − 4,512 1,485 5,997

Surface ....................................... − − − 662 662

Southern ...................................... 7,207 34 7,241 7,961 15,202

Underground .............................. 5,151 15 5,166 5,793 10,959

Surface ....................................... 2,056 19 2,075 2,168 4,243

Wyoming ......................................... 387 153 540 2,751 3,291

Underground .............................. − − − 256 256

Surface ....................................... 387 153 540 2,495 3,035

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 26,381 250 26,631 42,424 69,055

Underground .............................. 22,384 127 22,511 26,594 49,105

Surface ....................................... 3,997 123 4,120 15,830 19,950 1 Interior Total ................................ 8,283 1,307 9,590 7,309 16,899

Underground .............................. 5,811 246 6,057 3,053 9,110

Surface ....................................... 2,472 1,061 3,533 4,256 7,789 1 Western Total ............................... 3,857 2,131 5,988 5,558 11,546

Underground .............................. 1,333 − 1,333 2,014 3,347

Surface ....................................... 2,524 2,131 4,655 3,544 8,199

East of Miss. River ....................... 34,601 570 35,171 48,472 83,643

Underground .............................. 28,195 373 28,568 29,605 58,173

Surface ....................................... 6,406 197 6,603 18,867 25,470

West of Miss. River ...................... 3,920 3,118 7,038 6,819 13,857

Underground .............................. 1,333 − 1,333 2,056 3,389

Surface ....................................... 2,587 3,118 5,705 4,763 10,468

U.S. Total ........................................ 38,521 3,688 42,209 55,291 97,500

Underground ................................. 29,528 373 29,901 31,661 61,562

Surface .......................................... 8,993 3,315 12,308 23,630 35,938

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 67 
Figure 8. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1985-1994

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Thousands

10.7 10.4 10.1

11.3

12.3 12.0 12.4 12.5

9.4 9.1

Figure 9. U.S. Coal Mine Fatalities, 1985-1994

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

44 47

54

61

66 68

53

63

89

68

68 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 46. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1985, 1990-1994

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Injury Type 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

 1 Injuries Total ......................... 10,665 10,364 10,109 11,386 12,312 9,150 2.9 −3.5 1.7

Fatal .................................... 44 47 54 61 66 68 −6.4 −9.6 −4.7 2 Nonfatal ............................. 10,621 10,317 10,055 11,325 12,246 9,082 3.1 −3.5 1.8

Injuries per 200,000

Employee-Hours Total ...... 6.28 6.53 7.32 7.90 7.92 5.10 −3.8 −5.6 2.3

Fatal .................................... .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 −25.0 −6.9 −3.2 2 Nonfatal ............................. 6.25 6.49 7.28 7.86 7.88 5.06 −3.7 −5.6 2.4

1 Includes contractors and office workers. 2 Includes only non-fatal injuries that resulted in absence from work.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Mine Injuries and Worktime, Quarterly, various issues.

Table 47. Profile of U.S. Coal Miners, 1986, 1990, 1992, 1994

 1994 1992 1990 1986

Age (mean, years) ................................................................... NA 45 NA 39

Gender (percent)

Female .................................................................................. NA 4 NA 2

Male ....................................................................................... NA 96 NA 98

Education (percent)

High School or above ......................................................... NA NA NA 78

Experience (median, years)

Years of experience in mining industry ............................ NA 18 NA 11

Earnings (dollars)

Average hourly earnings ..................................................... NA 17.20 NA 15.39

Average weekly earnings ................................................... 801.85 754.60 735.24 625.24

NA Not available.

Note: Data are for production workers.

Sources: U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines, Information Circular 9192, ‘‘Characterization of the 1986 Coal Mining Workforce’’ (1988); U.S.

Department of Labor, ‘‘Employment, Hours and Earnings,’’ 1981-93, August 1993; and National Mining Association, ‘‘Summary of Labor Statistics for the

U.S. Mining Industry’’ (1980-1994).

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 69 
Productivity

70 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 48. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... 2.25 2.35 2.49 2.17 2.23 1.70 −4.3 0.2 3.2

Alaska .............................................. 6.94 7.40 6.93 6.82 8.46 6.20 −6.2 −4.8 1.3

Arizona ............................................. 6.71 6.21 6.29 6.64 5.93 6.53 8.0 3.1 .3

Arkansas .......................................... 1.52 1.39 1.68 2.27 1.46 1.80 9.9 1.0 −1.8

California .......................................... − − 11.12 11.31 17.69 4.23 −− −

Colorado .......................................... 6.20 5.85 5.27 5.05 4.24 3.30 6.0 10.0 7.3

Illinois ............................................... 3.59 3.23 3.42 3.18 2.94 2.14 11.3 5.2 5.9

Indiana ............................................. 4.28 4.46 4.09 4.02 3.84 2.85 −4.0 2.7 4.6

Iowa .................................................. 1.52 .72 1.14 1.29 1.45 1.78 111.6 1.2 −1.7

Kansas ............................................. 1.93 2.30 2.21 2.15 2.03 2.44 −16.1 −1.3 −2.6

Kentucky Total ................................ 3.25 3.25 3.20 3.01 2.83 2.23 .1 3.5 4.3

Eastern .......................................... 3.24 3.18 3.10 2.90 2.66 2.13 1.9 5.1 4.8

Western ......................................... 3.28 3.49 3.49 3.37 3.46 2.57 −5.9 −1.3 2.7

Louisiana .......................................... 13.00 12.14 12.43 12.56 13.16 2.34 7.1 −.3 21.0

Maryland .......................................... 3.68 3.41 2.91 3.11 2.93 2.47 7.9 5.9 4.6

Missouri ............................................ 3.59 1.84 3.10 2.69 2.99 2.28 95.0 4.6 5.2

Montana ........................................... 21.92 19.49 20.16 18.99 18.78 14.73 12.5 3.9 4.5

New Mexico ..................................... 6.77 6.68 6.68 6.25 7.64 5.43 1.4 −3.0 2.5

North Dakota ................................... 18.84 17.66 18.12 17.64 16.12 11.40 6.6 4.0 5.7

Ohio .................................................. 3.42 3.46 3.04 2.67 2.80 2.02 −1.3 5.1 6.0

Oklahoma ........................................ 2.68 2.80 2.17 2.30 2.08 1.74 −4.4 6.5 4.9

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 2.98 2.80 2.67 2.43 2.24 1.65 6.5 7.4 6.8

Anthracite ...................................... 1.93 1.85 1.33 1.39 1.03 1.05 4.4 17.1 6.9

Bituminous .................................... 3.11 2.91 2.81 2.52 2.37 1.71 6.9 7.0 6.8

Tennessee ....................................... 2.23 2.47 2.19 1.88 1.81 1.51 −9.6 5.3 4.4

Texas ................................................ 8.82 8.42 7.34 7.17 7.48 6.26 4.8 4.2 3.9

Utah .................................................. 6.59 5.96 5.46 4.80 4.74 2.80 10.5 8.6 10.0

Virginia ............................................. 2.51 2.41 2.37 2.23 2.24 1.81 4.1 2.9 3.7

Washington ...................................... 4.11 4.00 4.51 3.97 3.41 3.15 2.8 4.8 3.0

West Virginia Total ......................... 3.69 3.27 3.27 3.11 2.96 1.95 12.7 5.6 7.3

Northern ........................................ 3.63 2.98 3.17 2.84 2.69 2.10 21.7 7.7 6.2

Southern ........................................ 3.72 3.39 3.32 3.26 3.12 1.86 9.7 4.5 8.0

Wyoming .......................................... 26.05 24.46 21.50 21.87 21.41 14.34 6.5 5.0 6.9

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 3.20 3.00 2.95 2.74 2.60 1.90 6.4 5.3 5.9

 1 Interior Total ................................ 4.43 4.43 4.18 3.98 3.88 2.81 .1 3.3 5.2

 1 Western Total ............................... 14.58 13.53 12.73 12.42 11.82 8.55 7.8 5.4 6.1

East of Miss. River ....................... 3.28 3.11 3.07 2.86 2.73 2.00 5.5 4.7 5.6

West of Miss. River ...................... 13.22 12.14 11.03 10.79 10.41 7.40 8.9 6.2 6.7

U.S. Total ........................................ 4.98 4.70 4.36 4.09 3.83 2.74 5.9 6.8 6.8

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 71 
Table 49. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... 1.94 2.09 2.17 1.90 2.01 1.34 −6.9 −0.9 4.2

Arkansas .......................................... 1.62 − − − − −− − −

Colorado .......................................... 5.81 5.21 4.52 4.23 3.26 2.16 11.4 15.5 11.6

Illinois ............................................... 3.49 3.11 3.21 2.88 2.70 1.92 12.5 6.6 6.9

Indiana ............................................. 2.82 2.49 2.80 2.97 2.90 1.79 13.2 −.7 5.2

Iowa .................................................. − − − − − 1.77 −− −

Kentucky Total ................................ 2.89 2.93 2.91 2.71 2.54 1.94 −1.4 3.3 4.5

Eastern .......................................... 2.87 2.89 2.86 2.66 2.44 1.90 −.6 4.1 4.7

Western ......................................... 2.96 3.10 3.05 2.86 2.93 2.11 −4.7 .2 3.8

Maryland .......................................... 4.52 4.34 3.50 3.73 3.17 2.48 4.2 9.3 6.9

Montana ........................................... − 1.06 − − − − −100.0 − −

New Mexico ..................................... 2.57 1.63 .40 .71 4.27 1.64 57.0 −11.9 5.1

Ohio .................................................. 3.51 3.27 3.01 2.55 2.34 1.66 7.4 10.6 8.7

Oklahoma ........................................ 1.70 1.03 1.04 .52 1.30 − 64.7 6.9 −

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 3.18 2.91 2.81 2.38 2.12 1.37 9.4 10.6 9.8

Anthracite ...................................... .64 .74 .84 .51 .73 .65 −13.1 −3.3 −.1

Bituminous .................................... 3.25 2.98 2.84 2.40 2.15 1.39 9.0 10.9 9.9

Tennessee ....................................... 1.90 2.34 1.81 1.72 1.68 1.50 −18.7 3.2 2.7

Utah .................................................. 6.59 5.96 5.46 4.80 4.74 2.80 10.5 8.6 10.0

Virginia ............................................. 2.27 2.19 2.20 2.12 2.14 1.72 3.3 1.4 3.1

West Virginia Total ......................... 3.38 2.92 2.99 2.83 2.70 1.85 15.7 5.8 6.9

Northern ........................................ 3.61 2.84 3.12 2.80 2.62 2.04 26.8 8.4 6.5

Southern ........................................ 3.25 2.96 2.92 2.84 2.76 1.74 9.9 4.2 7.2

Wyoming .......................................... 5.07 3.56 4.19 4.17 2.80 1.90 42.4 16.0 11.5

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 2.96 2.75 2.76 2.54 2.40 1.71 7.6 5.4 6.3

 1 Interior Total ................................ 3.26 3.06 3.14 2.87 2.78 1.97 6.5 4.0 5.8

 1 Western Total ............................... 5.98 5.23 4.88 4.56 4.04 2.46 14.3 10.3 10.4

East of Miss. River ....................... 3.02 2.81 2.82 2.59 2.46 1.75 7.6 5.2 6.2

West of Miss. River ...................... 5.93 5.18 4.85 4.53 4.01 2.45 14.6 10.3 10.3

U.S. Total ........................................ 3.19 2.95 2.93 2.69 2.54 1.78 8.2 5.9 6.7

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

72 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 50. Surface Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... 3.07 3.01 3.28 2.84 2.69 2.40 1.9 3.4 2.8

Alaska .............................................. 6.94 7.40 6.93 6.82 8.46 6.20 −6.2 −4.8 1.3

Arizona ............................................. 6.71 6.21 6.29 6.64 5.93 6.53 8.0 3.1 .3

Arkansas .......................................... 1.46 1.39 1.68 2.27 1.46 1.80 5.6 * −2.3

California .......................................... − − 11.12 11.31 17.69 4.23 −− −

Colorado .......................................... 7.06 7.07 6.52 6.51 6.86 4.78 −.1 .7 4.4

Illinois ............................................... 4.12 3.86 4.47 4.30 3.64 2.69 6.7 3.1 4.8

Indiana ............................................. 4.56 4.82 4.28 4.17 3.96 2.97 −5.5 3.6 4.9

Iowa .................................................. 1.52 .72 1.14 1.29 1.45 1.78 111.6 1.2 −1.7

Kansas ............................................. 1.93 2.30 2.21 2.15 2.03 2.44 −16.1 −1.3 −2.6

Kentucky Total ................................ 3.96 3.84 3.75 3.66 3.43 2.69 3.3 3.6 4.4

Eastern .......................................... 3.97 3.74 3.57 3.43 3.13 2.53 6.0 6.1 5.1

Western ......................................... 3.93 4.14 4.31 4.42 4.42 3.18 −5.1 −2.9 2.4

Louisiana .......................................... 13.00 12.14 12.43 12.56 13.16 2.34 7.1 −.3 21.0

Maryland .......................................... 2.18 2.07 2.13 2.23 2.66 2.45 5.3 −4.8 −1.3

Missouri ............................................ 3.59 1.84 3.10 2.69 2.99 2.28 95.0 4.6 5.2

Montana ........................................... 21.92 19.59 20.16 18.99 18.78 14.73 11.9 3.9 4.5

New Mexico ..................................... 7.18 7.26 7.11 6.31 7.66 5.95 −1.1 −1.6 2.1

North Dakota ................................... 18.84 17.66 18.12 17.64 16.12 11.40 6.6 4.0 5.7

Ohio .................................................. 3.34 3.58 3.06 2.76 3.17 2.34 −6.8 1.3 4.0

Oklahoma ........................................ 2.80 3.12 2.26 2.42 2.17 1.74 −10.1 6.6 5.5

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 2.67 2.63 2.45 2.53 2.42 2.11 1.4 2.5 2.7

Anthracite ...................................... 2.13 2.09 1.39 1.51 1.06 1.13 2.0 19.0 7.2

Bituminous .................................... 2.84 2.78 2.74 2.80 2.81 2.36 2.1 .3 2.0

Tennessee ....................................... 3.19 2.71 3.06 2.45 2.32 1.55 17.5 8.3 8.3

Texas ................................................ 8.82 8.42 7.34 7.17 7.48 6.26 4.8 4.2 3.9

Virginia ............................................. 3.73 3.55 3.50 2.95 2.89 2.37 5.1 6.6 5.2

Washington ...................................... 4.11 4.00 4.51 3.97 3.41 3.15 2.8 4.8 3.0

West Virginia Total ......................... 4.62 4.35 4.27 4.18 4.02 2.54 6.3 3.5 6.9

Northern ........................................ 3.78 3.70 3.52 3.16 3.30 2.47 2.1 3.4 4.8

Southern ........................................ 4.75 4.49 4.43 4.38 4.21 2.58 5.8 3.0 7.0

Wyoming .......................................... 27.37 26.03 22.76 23.11 22.84 15.09 5.1 4.6 6.8

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 3.72 3.55 3.40 3.24 3.10 2.36 4.7 4.7 5.2

 1 Interior Total ................................ 5.71 5.71 5.21 5.08 4.86 3.46 * 4.1 5.7

 1 Western Total ............................... 17.68 16.49 15.46 15.33 15.18 10.83 7.2 3.9 5.6

East of Miss. River ....................... 3.85 3.74 3.61 3.49 3.32 2.52 2.9 3.7 4.8

West of Miss. River ...................... 15.19 13.94 12.49 12.36 12.26 8.61 8.9 5.5 6.5

U.S. Total ........................................ 7.67 7.23 6.59 6.38 5.94 4.24 6.0 6.6 6.8

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 73 
Table 51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1994

 Number of Average Number Average Production Average Production Coal-Producing Mining of Miners per Miner per Hour per Miner per Shift State and Region 1 23 4 Operations Working Daily (short tons) (short tons)

Alabama .................................... 85 5,418 2.25 18.53

Underground ........................ 17 3,775 1.94 15.61

Surface ................................. 68 1,643 3.07 25.38

Alaska ........................................ 1 105 6.94 62.47

Surface ................................. 1 105 6.94 62.47

Arizona ...................................... 3 864 6.71 65.13

Surface ................................. 3 864 6.71 65.13

Arkansas ................................... 2 15 1.52 14.47

Underground ........................ 1 10 1.62 14.55

Surface ................................. 1 5 1.46 14.64

Colorado ................................... 20 1,905 6.20 53.65

Underground ........................ 15 1,248 5.81 49.77

Surface ................................. 5 657 7.06 62.95

Illinois ........................................ 44 6,591 3.59 30.74

Underground ........................ 29 5,595 3.49 29.77

Surface ................................. 15 996 4.12 35.56

Indiana ...................................... 57 3,206 4.28 41.20

Underground ........................ 5 485 2.82 26.25

Surface ................................. 52 2,721 4.56 44.08

Iowa ........................................... 1 20 1.52 15.19

Surface ................................. 1 20 1.52 15.19

Kansas ...................................... 1 63 1.93 15.45

Surface ................................. 1 63 1.93 15.45

Kentucky Total ........................ 794 23,368 3.25 29.05

Underground ........................ 485 15,837 2.89 25.24

Surface ................................. 309 7,531 3.96 36.68

Eastern ................................... 708 18,577 3.24 29.03

Underground ........................ 447 12,849 2.87 25.07

Surface ................................. 261 5,728 3.97 37.03

Western .................................. 86 4,791 3.28 28.90

Underground ........................ 38 2,988 2.96 25.75

Surface ................................. 48 1,803 3.93 34.96

Louisiana .................................. 2 111 13.00 110.51

Surface ................................. 2 111 13.00 110.51

Maryland ................................... 14 451 3.68 31.53

Underground ........................ 4 284 4.52 37.88

Surface ................................. 10 167 2.18 18.80

Missouri .................................... 6 116 3.59 28.72

Surface ................................. 6 116 3.59 28.72

Montana .................................... 7 705 21.92 196.34

Surface ................................. 7 705 21.92 196.34

New Mexico ............................. 9 1,786 6.77 53.14

Underground ........................ 2 168 2.57 20.21

Surface ................................. 7 1,618 7.18 56.33

North Dakota ........................... 6 645 18.84 158.53

Surface ................................. 6 645 18.84 158.53

Ohio ........................................... 138 3,983 3.42 32.05

Underground ........................ 19 1,694 3.51 33.55

Surface ................................. 119 2,289 3.34 31.24

Oklahoma ................................. 11 253 2.68 24.45

Underground ........................ 1 32 1.70 14.43

Surface ................................. 10 221 2.80 25.76

Pennsylvania Total ................. 426 9,975 2.98 25.31

Underground ........................ 115 6,192 3.18 26.30

Surface ................................. 311 3,783 2.67 22.89

Anthracite .............................. 105 1,183 1.93 15.29

Underground ........................ 25 149 .64 5.07

Surface ................................. 80 1,034 2.13 16.87

Bituminous ............................ 321 8,792 3.11 26.95

Underground ........................ 90 6,043 3.25 27.11

Surface ................................. 231 2,749 2.84 24.96

Tennessee ................................ 32 669 2.23 19.27

Underground ........................ 21 511 1.90 16.00

Surface ................................. 11 158 3.19 28.83

Texas ......................................... 13 1,733 8.82 88.37

Surface ................................. 13 1,733 8.82 88.37

Utah ........................................... 18 1,675 6.59 57.19

Underground ........................ 18 1,675 6.59 57.19

Virginia ...................................... 258 8,121 2.51 22.29

Underground ........................ 188 6,844 2.27 19.59

Surface ................................. 70 1,277 3.73 35.68

See footnotes at end of table.

74 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1994 (Continued)

 Number of Average Number Average Production Average Production Coal-Producing Mining of Miners per Miner per Hour per Miner per Shift State and Region 1 23 4 Operations Working Daily (short tons) (short tons)

Washington .............................. 3 570 4.11 34.24

Surface ................................. 3 570 4.11 34.24

West Virginia Total ................ 564 21,861 3.69 31.61

Underground ........................ 388 16,956 3.38 28.59

Surface ................................. 176 4,905 4.62 40.78

Northern ................................. 141 6,659 3.63 31.03

Underground ........................ 85 5,997 3.61 30.63

Surface ................................. 56 662 3.78 32.73

Southern ................................ 423 15,202 3.72 31.86

Underground ........................ 303 10,959 3.25 27.45

Surface ................................. 120 4,243 4.75 42.32

Wyoming ................................... 28 3,291 26.05 255.89

Underground ........................ 2 256 5.07 50.75

Surface ................................. 26 3,035 27.37 268.49

 5 Appalachian Total ................. 2,225 69,055 3.20 27.98

Underground ........................ 1,199 49,105 2.96 25.43

Surface ................................. 1,026 19,950 3.72 33.31 5 Interior Total .......................... 223 16,899 4.43 40.04

Underground ........................ 74 9,110 3.26 28.26

Surface ................................. 149 7,789 5.71 52.69 5 Western Total ........................ 95 11,546 14.58 130.66

Underground ........................ 37 3,347 5.98 51.83

Surface ................................. 58 8,199 17.68 161.81

East of Miss. River ................. 2,412 83,643 3.28 28.78

Underground ........................ 1,271 58,173 3.02 25.91

Surface ................................. 1,141 25,470 3.85 34.52

West of Miss. River ............... 131 13,857 13.22 119.47

Underground ........................ 39 3,389 5.93 51.43

Surface ................................. 92 10,468 15.19 139.62

U.S. Total .................................. 2,543 97,500 4.98 43.71

Underground ..................... 1,310 61,562 3.19 27.43

Surface .............................. 1,233 35,938 7.67 68.95

1 Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant, or a preparation plant only processing both underground and surface coal will be

counted as two operations. 2 Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering employees. 3 Calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. 4 Calculated by multiplying average production per miner per hour by the average length of a miner shift. 5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than

10,000 short tons of coal during the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 75 
Table 52. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by State and Mine

Type, 1985, 1990-1994

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama .......................................... 240 250 245 239 250 259 −4.0 −1.0 −0.8

Underground .............................. 246 249 236 231 245 241 −1.2 .1 .2

Surface ....................................... 231 253 258 254 259 278 −8.7 −2.8 −2.0

Alaska .............................................. 246 250 224 265 272 250 −1.6 −2.5 −.2

Surface ....................................... 246 250 224 265 272 250 −1.6 −2.5 −.2

Arizona ............................................ 217 211 225 230 202 202 3.0 1.8 .8

Surface ....................................... 217 211 225 230 202 202 3.0 1.8 .8

Arkansas ......................................... 176 240 228 161 246 190 −26.7 −8.0 −.8

Underground .............................. 85 − − − − −− − −

Surface ....................................... 240 240 228 161 246 190 − −.6 2.6

California ........................................ − − 116 63 100 210 −− −

Surface ....................................... − − 116 63 100 210 −− −

Colorado ......................................... 258 243 278 275 269 267 6.3 −.9 −.4

Underground .............................. 288 282 268 260 257 253 2.3 2.9 1.4

Surface ....................................... 204 188 290 292 284 276 8.4 −7.9 −3.3

Illinois .............................................. 253 220 253 252 252 248 14.8 * .2

Underground .............................. 257 222 258 259 260 232 15.8 −.3 1.1

Surface ....................................... 231 212 233 235 234 276 9.3 −.3 −2.0

Indiana ............................................ 274 254 250 245 265 264 7.6 .8 .4

Underground .............................. 285 246 263 284 262 318 16.0 2.1 −1.2

Surface ....................................... 272 255 249 241 265 260 6.8 .7 .5

Iowa ................................................. 150 260 259 250 259 296 −42.3 −12.7 −7.3

Underground .............................. − − − − − 330 −− −

Surface ....................................... 150 260 259 250 259 282 −42.3 −12.7 −6.8

Kansas ............................................ 269 259 242 277 307 237 4.0 −3.3 1.4

Surface ....................................... 269 259 242 277 307 237 4.0 −3.3 1.4

Kentucky Total .............................. 261 255 259 248 245 230 2.5 1.7 1.4

Underground .............................. 257 247 254 249 244 224 4.3 1.3 1.5

Surface ....................................... 268 267 267 247 246 236 .2 2.1 1.4

Eastern ......................................... 257 253 250 241 235 223 1.7 2.3 1.6

Underground .............................. 249 244 246 241 235 217 2.2 1.4 1.6

Surface ....................................... 268 266 255 242 234 231 .8 3.5 1.7

Western ........................................ 276 263 286 268 273 249 5.2 .3 1.2

Underground .............................. 283 256 278 273 272 251 10.5 1.0 1.4

Surface ....................................... 266 270 296 261 274 247 −1.8 −.7 .8

Louisiana ........................................ 290 293 335 268 291 97 −1.0 −.1 12.9

Surface ....................................... 290 293 335 268 291 97 −1.0 −.1 12.9

Maryland ......................................... 237 249 311 282 246 208 −4.8 −.9 1.5

Underground .............................. 236 249 339 291 252 213 −5.4 −1.7 1.1

Surface ....................................... 243 250 251 260 237 199 −2.7 .6 2.3

Missouri .......................................... 263 181 345 344 332 247 45.3 −5.7 .7

Surface ....................................... 263 181 345 344 332 247 45.3 −5.7 .7

Montana .......................................... 341 341 344 319 321 287 * 1.5 1.9

Underground .............................. − 158 − − − − −100.0 − −

Surface ....................................... 341 341 344 319 321 287 * 1.5 1.9

New Mexico ................................... 283 297 284 279 278 289 −5.0 .4 −.2

Underground .............................. 241 241 241 71 253 236 − −1.2 .3

Surface ....................................... 284 299 284 279 278 291 −5.0 .5 −.3

North Dakota ................................. 303 307 287 265 247 256 −1.3 5.3 1.9

Surface ....................................... 303 307 287 265 247 256 −1.3 5.3 1.9

Ohio ................................................. 257 266 268 258 248 229 −3.3 .9 1.3

Underground .............................. 265 266 268 260 256 234 −.7 .8 1.4

Surface ....................................... 251 266 267 257 243 226 −5.6 .8 1.1

Oklahoma ....................................... 305 294 282 289 253 264 3.8 4.8 1.6

Underground .............................. 310 300 260 162 237 − 3.3 6.9 −

Surface ....................................... 305 293 283 291 254 264 3.8 4.6 1.6

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 257 246 249 243 241 236 4.6 1.6 1.0

Underground .............................. 256 238 245 240 237 229 7.5 1.9 1.2

Surface ....................................... 259 258 257 250 247 243 .2 1.2 .7

Anthracite .................................... 264 247 246 256 211 216 6.8 5.8 2.2

Underground .............................. 264 263 227 256 212 239 .3 5.6 1.1

Surface ....................................... 264 246 247 256 211 214 7.3 5.8 2.4

Bituminous .................................. 256 246 249 243 243 237 4.4 1.4 .9

Underground .............................. 256 238 245 240 237 229 7.6 1.9 1.3

Surface ....................................... 258 261 258 249 250 247 −1.2 .7 .5

Tennessee ...................................... 230 223 243 236 222 228 2.9 .8 .1

Underground .............................. 233 254 241 239 225 228 −8.2 .9 .3

Surface ....................................... 223 173 246 228 214 227 29.1 1.1 −.2

See footnotes at end of table.

76 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 52. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by State and Mine

Type, 1985, 1990-1994 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Texas ............................................... 346 350 348 341 344 341 −1.2 0.1 0.2

Surface ....................................... 346 350 348 341 344 341 −1.2 .1 .2

Utah ................................................. 257 249 246 252 256 230 3.1 .1 1.2

Underground .............................. 257 249 246 252 256 230 3.1 .1 1.2

Virginia ............................................ 245 246 253 241 243 223 −.3 .2 1.1

Underground .............................. 243 245 256 243 245 220 −.9 −.2 1.1

Surface ....................................... 251 247 241 231 234 236 1.6 1.8 .7

Washington .................................... 263 252 231 230 254 355 4.5 .9 −3.3

Surface ....................................... 263 252 231 230 254 355 4.5 .9 −3.3

West Virginia Total ...................... 252 227 246 241 240 229 11.2 1.2 1.1

Underground .............................. 244 217 243 240 239 231 12.8 .6 .6

Surface ....................................... 270 248 255 244 245 220 8.9 2.5 2.3

Northern ....................................... 246 194 235 240 252 238 27.2 −.5 .4

Underground .............................. 242 175 235 241 253 244 38.7 −1.1 −.1

Surface ....................................... 278 271 236 238 244 210 2.5 3.4 3.2

Southern ...................................... 255 238 251 242 235 223 6.9 2.1 1.5

Underground .............................. 246 235 248 240 229 223 4.3 1.7 1.1

Surface ....................................... 268 243 258 245 245 225 10.4 2.3 2.0

Wyoming ......................................... 341 345 339 339 334 317 −1.2 .5 .8

Underground .............................. 243 258 238 232 239 250 −5.7 .4 −.3

Surface ....................................... 342 346 341 341 335 317 −1.1 .5 .8

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 253 243 250 243 240 230 4.0 1.3 1.1

Underground .............................. 248 235 247 241 239 227 5.4 .9 1.0

Surface ....................................... 262 257 256 246 242 235 2.0 2.0 1.2 1 Interior Total ................................ 290 280 289 281 286 274 3.5 .3 .6

Underground .............................. 267 236 265 265 265 241 13.3 .2 1.1

Surface ....................................... 304 302 304 290 296 288 .5 .6 .6 1 Western Total ............................... 319 320 316 312 306 293 −.4 1.0 .9

Underground .............................. 267 261 252 253 255 238 2.5 1.1 1.3

Surface ....................................... 325 327 323 318 312 298 −.6 1.0 .9

East of Miss. River ....................... 256 243 253 246 245 235 5.0 1.0 .9

Underground .............................. 252 235 250 246 244 229 7.0 .8 1.0

Surface ....................................... 262 256 257 246 247 244 2.5 1.5 .8

West of Miss. River ...................... 321 323 320 315 311 299 −.6 .8 .8

Underground .............................. 267 261 252 253 255 239 2.5 1.2 1.3

Surface ....................................... 327 329 326 321 316 303 −.7 .8 .8

U.S. Total ........................................ 285 280 280 274 271 259 2.0 1.3 1.1

Underground .............................. 253 238 251 246 245 230 6.5 .9 1.1

Surface ....................................... 305 304 301 293 289 278 .4 1.4 1.1

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Weighted average number of days worked is calculated by multiplying average days worked for each mine times its production and then summing these products over all mines in the region/State and then dividing the sum by the total production for the region/State. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 77 
Table 53. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by Mine Production Range, 1994

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ................................ 246 246 257 209 198 179 240

Alaska .................................... 246 −−−−− 246

Arizona .................................. 217 −−−−− 217

Arkansas ............................... −−−−− 176 176

Colorado ................................ 262 221 246 − − 55 258

Illinois ..................................... 253 210 273 − − 176 253

Indiana ................................... 291 263 244 163 212 190 274

Iowa ....................................... −−−−− 150 150

Kansas .................................. − − 269 −−− 269

Kentucky Total ..................... 290 274 246 219 212 177 261

Eastern ............................... 290 270 247 223 212 178 257

Western .............................. 289 289 236 150 218 162 276

Louisiana ............................... 301 250 −−−− 290

Maryland ................................ 236 − 220 246 260 244 237

Missouri ................................. − − 290 252 − 200 263

Montana ................................ 342 − 249 −−− 341

New Mexico .......................... 284 241 −−−− 283

North Dakota ........................ 303 −−−−− 303

Ohio ....................................... 261 269 274 244 181 205 257

Oklahoma .............................. − − 313 293 310 235 305

Pennsylvania Total ............... 267 266 244 244 247 228 257

Anthracite ........................... − 365 252 245 246 248 264

Bituminous .......................... 267 258 242 244 247 223 256

Tennessee ............................ − 251 227 280 231 142 230

Texas ..................................... 347 − 273 − 205 − 346

Utah ....................................... 259 196 267 100 − 178 257

Virginia ................................... 217 280 268 226 220 184 245

Washington ........................... 261 − 299 −−− 263

West Virginia Total .............. 263 262 241 212 197 198 252

Northern ............................. 247 259 247 235 244 239 246

Southern ............................. 275 262 240 205 185 179 255

Wyoming ............................... 342 212 206 181 281 − 341

 2 Appalachian Total ............. 264 267 248 225 214 199 253

 2 Interior Total ...................... 298 271 254 204 220 174 290

 2 Western Total .................... 320 220 250 152 281 139 319

East of Miss. River ............ 266 268 248 222 214 198 256

West of Miss. River ........... 323 226 268 249 268 167 321

U.S. Total ............................. 302 266 249 223 214 197 285

1 Includes stand alone preparation plants. 2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Weighted average number of days worked is calculated by multiplying average days worked for each mine times its production and then summing these products over all mines in the region/State and then dividing the sum by the total production for the region/State. Excludes silt, culm refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants

with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

78 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 54. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 1994

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Coal-Producing 1 23 4 Continuous Conventional Longwall Other Total State and Region

Alabama ........................................... 2.02 1.48 1.93 − 1.94

Arkansas .......................................... 1.62 − − − 1.62

Colorado .......................................... 3.91 9.16 6.54 − 5.81

Illinois ............................................... 3.56 − 3.40 − 3.49

Indiana ............................................. 2.82 − − − 2.82

Kentucky Total ................................ 2.99 2.52 3.01 1.82 2.89

Eastern .......................................... 2.91 2.43 3.88 1.82 2.87

Western ......................................... 3.25 3.64 2.24 − 2.96

Maryland .......................................... 2.76 − 4.71 − 4.52

New Mexico ..................................... − − 2.57 − 2.57

Ohio .................................................. 3.33 − 3.54 − 3.51

Oklahoma ........................................ 1.70 − − − 1.70

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 2.11 1.23 4.58 .65 3.18

Anthracite ...................................... − .64 − .65 .64

Bituminous .................................... 2.11 1.22 4.58 − 3.25

Tennessee ....................................... 1.93 1.77 − − 1.90

Utah .................................................. 4.96 − 7.07 − 6.59

Virginia ............................................. 2.19 2.21 2.42 2.08 2.27

West Virginia Total ......................... 3.30 2.74 3.72 2.57 3.38

Northern ........................................ 2.95 2.86 3.86 − 3.61

Southern ........................................ 3.36 2.71 3.44 2.57 3.25

Wyoming .......................................... − 1.32 6.45 − 5.07

 5 Appalachian Total ....................... 2.80 2.46 3.38 1.85 2.96

 5 Interior Total ................................ 3.38 3.64 3.02 − 3.26 5 Western Total ............................... 4.50 1.46 6.53 − 5.98

East of Miss. River ....................... 2.93 2.50 3.32 1.85 3.02

West of Miss. River ...................... 4.36 1.46 6.53 − 5.93

U.S. Total ........................................ 2.98 2.50 3.68 1.85 3.19

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method. 2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method. 3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining. 4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method. 5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: For each State, stand alone preparation plant hours are distributed across the mining methods by the proportion of production for all stand

alone mines. Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal during the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide

these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 79 
Table 55. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Coalbed Thickness and Mining Method, 1994

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Underground Coalbed Thickness Surface Total (inches) 1 23 4 Continuous Conventional Longwall Other

< 7 ...................................... − − − − 4.01 4.01

7-12 ...................................... − − − − 3.85 3.85

13-18 .................................... − − − − 4.27 4.27

19-24 .................................... 3.01 1.76 − 1.58 4.42 4.34

25-30 .................................... 2.90 2.45 − 1.57 4.01 3.87

31-36 .................................... 2.64 2.73 − 2.79 4.51 3.75

37-42 .................................... 2.94 2.63 2.21 2.06 4.74 3.87

43-48 .................................... 3.42 2.53 2.70 − 4.98 3.98

49-54 .................................... 3.05 2.87 2.35 2.93 5.76 4.20

55-60 .................................... 3.89 3.24 2.99 − 5.35 4.19

61-66 .................................... 3.17 2.94 3.98 − 6.36 4.53

67-72 .................................... 4.06 3.61 4.36 2.27 5.96 5.11

73-78 .................................... 3.59 − 3.74 − 6.44 4.29

79-84 .................................... 3.41 3.61 3.57 − 5.78 3.85

85-90 .................................... 2.98 − 4.20 − 6.11 5.72

91-96 .................................... 4.22 1.33 4.68 1.42 6.81 5.59

97-102 .................................. 5.09 − 3.36 − 5.90 4.38

103-108 ................................ 3.42 − 5.05 − 13.99 9.08

109-114 ................................ − − 8.23 − 5.31 6.64

115-120 ................................ 3.68 2.56 5.13 − 4.38 4.70

> 120 ................................. 5.16 − 9.09 − 16.41 15.36

 5 U.S. Total ........................... 2.98 2.50 3.68 1.85 7.67 4.98

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method. 2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method. 3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining. 4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method. 5 Includes stand alone preparation plants.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation

plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

80 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 56. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1994

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama .......................................... 2.07 2.57 3.45 3.21 2.53 2.42 2.25

Underground .............................. 2.07 1.34 2.95 − 1.57 − 1.94

Surface ....................................... − 3.94 3.59 3.21 2.59 2.42 3.07

Alaska .............................................. 6.94 − − − − − 6.94

Surface ....................................... 6.94 − − − − − 6.94

Arizona ............................................ 6.92 − − − − − 6.71

Surface ....................................... 6.92 − − − − − 6.71

Arkansas ......................................... − − − − − 1.52 1.52

Underground .............................. − − − − − 1.62 1.62

Surface ....................................... − − − − − 1.46 1.46

Colorado ......................................... 6.87 5.10 3.66 − − 9.16 6.20

Underground .............................. 6.77 4.50 3.12 − − 9.16 5.81

Surface ....................................... 7.06 6.26 8.69 −−− 7.06

Illinois .............................................. 3.71 4.12 3.53 − − 7.78 3.59

Underground .............................. 3.60 − 3.63 −−− 3.49

Surface ....................................... 4.70 4.12 3.52 − − 7.78 4.12

Indiana ............................................ 4.54 3.89 4.64 5.14 4.11 3.50 4.28

Underground .............................. 3.00 2.34 − − − − 2.82

Surface ....................................... 4.99 4.12 4.64 5.14 4.11 3.50 4.56

Iowa ................................................. − − − − − 1.52 1.52

Surface ....................................... − − − − − 1.52 1.52

Kansas ............................................ − − 1.93 −−− 1.93

Surface ....................................... − − 1.93 −−− 1.93

Kentucky Total .............................. 3.81 4.63 3.48 3.00 2.59 2.09 3.25

Underground .............................. 3.35 4.05 3.31 2.94 2.44 1.82 2.89

Surface ....................................... 4.93 5.26 3.84 3.13 3.08 2.89 3.96

Eastern ......................................... 4.40 4.65 3.47 2.93 2.58 2.09 3.24

Underground .............................. 3.94 3.99 3.24 2.93 2.45 1.81 2.87

Surface ....................................... 5.05 5.49 4.00 2.92 3.08 3.09 3.97

Western ........................................ 3.20 4.59 3.54 4.92 2.75 2.09 3.28

Underground .............................. 2.91 4.39 3.96 3.93 2.27 2.14 2.96

Surface ....................................... 4.61 4.70 3.11 5.14 3.08 2.07 3.93

Louisiana ........................................ 13.06 12.78 − − − − 13.00

Surface ....................................... 13.06 12.78 − − − − 13.00

Maryland ......................................... 5.33 − 1.74 2.71 2.02 2.29 3.68

Underground .............................. 5.33 − − 4.32 − .83 4.52

Surface ....................................... − − 1.74 2.30 2.02 2.88 2.18

Missouri .......................................... − − 3.66 3.59 − 2.66 3.59

Surface ....................................... − − 3.66 3.59 − 2.66 3.59

Montana .......................................... 22.04 − 12.89 −−− 21.92

Surface ....................................... 22.04 − 12.89 −−− 21.92

New Mexico ................................... 7.28 2.61 − − − − 6.77

Underground .............................. − 2.61 − − − − 2.57

Surface ....................................... 7.28 − − − − − 7.18

North Dakota ................................. 18.84 − − − − − 18.84

Surface ....................................... 18.84 − − − − − 18.84

Ohio ................................................. 3.59 4.11 3.67 3.31 3.53 1.96 3.42

Underground .............................. 3.59 3.88 3.65 2.88 2.65 2.51 3.51

Surface ....................................... − 4.15 3.67 3.35 3.56 1.94 3.34

Oklahoma ....................................... − − 2.60 3.19 1.80 1.59 2.68

Underground .............................. −−− 1.70 − − 1.70

Surface ....................................... − − 2.60 4.24 1.80 1.59 2.80

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 4.77 2.45 2.62 2.74 2.67 2.13 2.98

Underground .............................. 4.75 1.99 2.06 2.32 1.77 .93 3.18

Surface ....................................... 5.05 3.24 3.45 3.04 2.94 2.38 2.67

Anthracite .................................... − 37.97 3.01 2.98 3.21 1.99 1.93

Underground .............................. − − − − 1.28 1.51 .64

Surface ....................................... − 37.97 3.01 2.98 3.94 2.09 2.13

Bituminous .................................. 4.77 2.27 2.57 2.70 2.56 2.17 3.11

Underground .............................. 4.75 1.99 2.06 2.32 1.89 .78 3.25

Surface ....................................... 5.05 2.77 3.61 3.06 2.76 2.45 2.84

Tennessee ...................................... − 2.99 3.38 1.82 1.87 1.72 2.23

Underground .............................. − 2.99 3.02 1.82 1.74 1.33 1.90

Surface ....................................... − − 3.69 − 2.27 10.02 3.19

Texas ............................................... 9.01 − 3.08 − 3.17 − 8.82

Surface ....................................... 9.01 − 3.08 − 3.17 − 8.82

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 81 
Table 56. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1994

(Continued)

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Utah ................................................. 7.16 5.34 2.86 2.22 − 1.48 6.59

Underground .............................. 7.16 5.34 2.86 2.22 − 1.48 6.59

Virginia ............................................ 2.80 3.35 3.45 2.59 2.32 2.09 2.51

Underground .............................. 2.80 2.78 2.97 2.46 2.23 1.98 2.27

Surface ....................................... − 5.01 4.77 3.02 3.14 2.95 3.73

Washington .................................... 4.26 − 2.49 −−− 4.11

Surface ....................................... 4.26 − 2.49 −−− 4.11

West Virginia Total ...................... 4.32 5.20 4.04 3.50 2.97 2.27 3.69

Underground .............................. 3.88 4.84 3.91 3.45 2.83 2.07 3.38

Surface ....................................... 5.74 5.69 4.65 3.66 3.49 3.08 4.62

Northern ....................................... 4.09 8.05 3.44 3.22 2.71 2.28 3.63

Underground .............................. 3.97 7.63 3.50 3.02 2.49 1.70 3.61

Surface ....................................... 7.49 8.48 3.01 3.68 2.98 2.83 3.78

Southern ...................................... 4.50 5.09 4.21 3.60 3.04 2.26 3.72

Underground .............................. 3.75 4.74 4.03 3.59 2.90 2.16 3.25

Surface ....................................... 5.61 5.56 4.94 3.65 3.95 4.38 4.75

Wyoming ......................................... 27.58 5.51 2.21 1.32 4.66 − 26.05

Underground .............................. 6.45 − − 1.32 − − 5.07

Surface ....................................... 28.61 5.51 2.21 − 4.66 − 27.37

 2 Appalachian Total ....................... 3.96 4.06 3.50 2.98 2.64 2.13 3.20

Underground .............................. 3.65 3.43 3.28 2.91 2.40 1.82 2.96

Surface ....................................... 5.46 4.85 3.97 3.12 3.03 2.49 3.72 2 Interior Total ................................ 4.79 4.33 3.57 4.18 3.10 2.23 4.43

Underground .............................. 3.36 3.81 3.94 2.36 2.27 2.04 3.26

Surface ....................................... 7.08 4.48 3.46 4.54 3.32 2.27 5.71 2 Western Total ............................... 15.72 4.12 3.30 1.54 4.66 2.00 14.58

Underground .............................. 6.97 3.57 3.02 1.54 − 2.00 5.98

Surface ....................................... 18.24 5.82 3.81 − 4.66 − 17.68

East of Miss. River ....................... 3.88 4.09 3.53 3.04 2.66 2.14 3.28

Underground .............................. 3.56 3.46 3.30 2.91 2.40 1.82 3.02

Surface ....................................... 5.21 4.71 3.94 3.24 3.07 2.50 3.85

West of Miss. River ...................... 14.48 4.69 3.02 2.72 3.20 1.76 13.22

Underground .............................. 6.97 3.57 3.02 1.59 − 1.94 5.93

Surface ....................................... 16.14 7.37 3.01 3.86 3.20 1.63 15.19

U.S. Total ........................................ 7.16 4.11 3.50 3.02 2.67 2.13 4.98

Underground ................................. 3.87 3.47 3.29 2.87 2.40 1.82 3.19

Surface .......................................... 12.37 4.76 3.85 3.27 3.07 2.48 7.67

1 Includes stand alone preparation plants. 2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation

plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

82 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 57. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type,1994

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Alabama .......................................... 2.10 − 2.10 2.77 2.25

Underground .............................. 1.94 − 1.94 1.98 1.94

Surface ....................................... 2.98 − 2.98 3.14 3.07

Alaska .............................................. − 6.94 6.94 − 6.94

Surface ....................................... − 6.94 6.94 − 6.94

Arizona ............................................ 6.92 − 6.92 − 6.71

Surface ....................................... 6.92 − 6.92 − 6.71

Arkansas ......................................... − − − 1.52 1.52

Underground .............................. − − − 1.62 1.62

Surface ....................................... − − − 1.46 1.46

Colorado ......................................... 4.70 6.76 5.05 7.07 6.20

Underground .............................. 3.81 − 3.81 7.18 5.81

Surface ....................................... 7.87 6.76 7.33 6.80 7.06

Illinois .............................................. 3.51 4.04 3.54 3.83 3.59

Underground .............................. 3.41 4.04 3.44 3.69 3.49

Surface ....................................... 3.98 − 3.98 5.41 4.12

Indiana ............................................ 4.24 3.02 4.18 4.37 4.28

Underground .............................. 2.60 − 2.60 3.23 2.82

Surface ....................................... 4.71 3.02 4.61 4.52 4.56

Iowa ................................................. − − − 1.52 1.52

Surface ....................................... − − − 1.52 1.52

Kansas ............................................ 1.93 − 1.93 − 1.93

Surface ....................................... 1.93 − 1.93 − 1.93

Kentucky Total .............................. 3.52 3.47 3.51 3.22 3.25

Underground .............................. 3.42 1.61 3.36 2.81 2.89

Surface ....................................... 4.65 5.28 4.84 3.93 3.96

Eastern ......................................... 3.85 3.47 3.80 3.20 3.24

Underground .............................. 3.83 1.61 3.67 2.78 2.87

Surface ....................................... 4.31 5.28 5.03 3.95 3.97

Western ........................................ 3.26 − 3.26 3.29 3.28

Underground .............................. 3.06 − 3.06 2.90 2.96

Surface ....................................... 4.71 − 4.71 3.85 3.93

Louisiana ........................................ − − − 13.00 13.00

Surface ....................................... − − − 13.00 13.00

Maryland ......................................... − − − 3.68 3.68

Underground .............................. − − − 4.52 4.52

Surface ....................................... − − − 2.18 2.18

Missouri .......................................... − − − 3.59 3.59

Surface ....................................... − − − 3.59 3.59

Montana .......................................... 16.14 22.38 19.13 41.05 21.92

Surface ....................................... 16.14 22.38 19.13 41.05 21.92

New Mexico ................................... 6.15 6.80 6.51 9.20 6.77

Underground .............................. 2.57 − 2.57 − 2.57

Surface ....................................... 7.16 6.80 6.94 9.20 7.18

North Dakota ................................. 16.19 16.45 16.31 20.10 18.84

Surface ....................................... 16.19 16.45 16.31 20.10 18.84

Ohio ................................................. 3.43 3.34 3.43 3.40 3.42

Underground .............................. 3.59 − 3.59 3.05 3.51

Surface ....................................... 2.81 3.34 2.84 3.45 3.34

Oklahoma ....................................... − 4.82 4.82 2.59 2.68

Underground .............................. − − − 1.70 1.70

Surface ....................................... − 4.82 4.82 2.71 2.80

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 2.24 1.65 2.24 3.56 2.98

Underground .............................. 2.35 − 2.35 4.64 3.18

Surface ....................................... 1.44 2.74 1.46 2.86 2.67

Anthracite .................................... 1.40 2.85 1.43 2.31 1.93

Underground .............................. − − − .65 .64

Surface ....................................... 1.40 4.22 1.44 2.81 2.13

Bituminous .................................. 2.34 − 2.34 3.71 3.11

Underground .............................. 2.35 − 2.35 4.91 3.25

Surface ....................................... 1.73 − 1.63 2.87 2.84

Tennessee ...................................... − − − 2.23 2.23

Underground .............................. − − − 1.90 1.90

Surface ....................................... − − − 3.19 3.19

Texas ............................................... − 8.36 8.36 9.63 8.82

Surface ....................................... − 8.36 8.36 9.63 8.82

Utah ................................................. 8.17 − 8.17 5.95 6.59

Underground .............................. 8.17 − 8.17 5.95 6.59

Virginia ............................................ 2.36 − 2.36 2.58 2.51

Underground .............................. 2.31 − 2.31 2.24 2.27

Surface ....................................... 3.34 − 3.34 3.77 3.73

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 83 
Table 57. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type,1994 (Continued)

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Washington .................................... − 4.26 4.26 2.49 4.11

Surface ....................................... − 4.26 4.26 2.49 4.11

West Virginia Total ...................... 3.41 − 3.39 4.05 3.69

Underground .............................. 3.19 − 3.18 3.68 3.38

Surface ....................................... 4.37 − 4.32 4.83 4.62

Northern ....................................... 3.82 − 3.82 3.21 3.63

Underground .............................. 3.82 − 3.82 2.93 3.61

Surface ....................................... − − − 3.78 3.78

Southern ...................................... 3.15 − 3.13 4.28 3.72

Underground .............................. 2.62 − 2.61 3.89 3.25

Surface ....................................... 4.37 − 4.32 5.15 4.75

Wyoming ......................................... 6.12 10.94 7.44 28.50 26.05

Underground .............................. − − − 5.07 5.07

Surface ....................................... 6.12 10.94 7.44 30.18 27.37

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 2.93 2.76 2.93 3.36 3.20

Underground .............................. 2.82 1.26 2.81 3.10 2.96

Surface ....................................... 3.56 3.89 3.57 3.76 3.72 1 Interior Total ................................ 3.60 7.57 4.41 4.45 4.43

Underground .............................. 3.29 4.04 3.32 3.16 3.26

Surface ....................................... 4.34 8.10 5.97 5.48 5.71 1 Western Total ............................... 7.78 9.48 8.43 19.96 14.58

Underground .............................. 5.44 − 5.44 6.27 5.98

Surface ....................................... 8.89 9.48 9.17 26.50 17.68

East of Miss. River ....................... 3.10 3.39 3.11 3.40 3.28

Underground .............................. 2.92 3.29 2.93 3.11 3.02

Surface ....................................... 3.89 3.57 3.88 3.83 3.85

West of Miss. River ...................... 7.68 8.98 8.35 17.74 13.22

Underground .............................. 5.44 − 5.44 6.19 5.93

Surface ....................................... 8.71 8.98 8.88 21.98 15.19

U.S. Total ........................................ 3.58 8.27 4.12 5.61 4.98

Underground ................................. 3.03 3.29 3.04 3.34 3.19

Surface .......................................... 5.35 8.71 6.47 8.27 7.67

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation

plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

84 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Distribution

The amount of U.S. coal distributed during 1994

reached a record 1,023 million short tons, 7 percent

more than the 959 million short tons distributed in

1993 (Table 58). Compared with 1993, distribution of

U.S. coal to domestic consumers rose 8 percent to 950

million short tons, while foreign distribution declined

4 percent to 73 million short tons (Table 59).

Texas was the leading destination for coal distributed

domestically during 1993, with shipments totaling 95

million short tons, representing 9 percent of total distribution. Of the coal distributed in Texas during

1994, 55 percent was indigenous, with virtually all of

the balance arriving from Wyoming and Colorado.

Other major destination States included Indiana, Ohio,

and Pennsylvania, which collectively received 176

million short tons, or 17 percent of total 1994 distribution. As with distributions in Texas, a substantial

portion of the coal distributed in these States was

indigenous.

West Virginia was the leading source of U.S. coal distributed abroad during 1994, with foreign shipments

totaling 36 million short tons, representing 50 percent

of total foreign distributions. Other leading sources of

U.S. coal distributed abroad during 1994 were

Virginia and Kentucky, with foreign distributions

totaling 12 million short tons and 7 million short tons,

respectively. Collectively, foreign distributions of

coal mined in these three States accounted for 76

percent of total amount of U.S. coal shipped abroad

during 1994.

Rail continued to be the primary method of transporting coal during 1994, accounting for 584 million

short tons or 57 percent of Coal shipments (Table 65).

Coal transported by water (including shipments by

river, shipments on the Great Lakes, and shipments

through tidewater ports) accounted for 219 million

short tons or 21 percent of total coal distributed. Distributions of coal by truck totaled 115 million short

tons (11 percent of the total), while distributions by

tramway and conveyor totaled 101 million short tons,

or 10 percent of the total.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 85 
Figure 10. Coal Distribution, 1985-1994

1

10

100

1000

1200

Million Short Tons (Logarithmic Units) 

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Foreign

Residential/Commercial

Coke Plants

Other Industrial

Electric Generation

Total Distribution

86 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 58. Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994

Alabama ................................................. 23,750 25,556 25,491 27,679 28,735 −7.1 −4.6

Alaska .................................................... 1,505 1,598 1,531 1,483 1,580 −5.8 −1.2

Arizona ................................................... 12,011 12,138 12,418 12,933 11,446 −1.0 1.2

Arkansas ................................................ 28 25 32 1 13 9.1 21.6

California ................................................ − − 142 23 57 − −

Colorado ................................................ 24,810 21,465 18,864 17,757 18,386 15.6 7.8

Illinois ..................................................... 51,973 42,000 58,913 58,553 60,592 23.8 −3.8

Indiana .................................................... 30,684 29,664 31,393 31,412 36,122 3.4 −4.0

Iowa ........................................................ 46 175 287 350 380 −73.5 −40.9

Kansas ................................................... 282 345 354 424 734 −18.3 −21.3

Kentucky Total ...................................... 159,130 160,395 161,860 158,290 173,277 −.8 −2.1

Eastern ................................................ 124,257 125,041 120,186 117,462 128,010 −.6 −.7

Western ............................................... 34,873 35,354 41,674 40,828 45,267 −1.4 −6.3

Louisiana ................................................ 3,463 3,103 3,208 3,151 3,186 11.6 2.1

Maryland ................................................ 3,460 3,572 3,480 3,773 3,606 −3.1 −1.0

Missouri .................................................. 679 638 2,795 2,203 2,488 6.5 −27.7

Montana ................................................. 41,916 35,916 38,866 38,119 37,866 16.7 2.6

New Mexico ........................................... 28,570 27,942 24,827 22,378 23,380 2.3 5.1

North Dakota ......................................... 32,056 32,372 31,702 29,741 29,206 −1.0 2.3

Ohio ........................................................ 28,749 28,315 29,550 30,023 34,335 1.5 −4.3

Oklahoma .............................................. 1,925 2,309 1,954 1,867 1,778 −16.6 2.0

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 61,508 58,990 67,649 65,454 69,802 4.3 −3.1

Anthracite ............................................ 4,700 3,331 3,554 3,182 3,012 41.1 11.8

Bituminous .......................................... 56,808 55,659 64,095 62,272 66,790 2.1 −4.0

Tennessee ............................................. 2,547 2,577 2,837 4,274 6,247 −1.1 −20.1

Texas ...................................................... 52,256 54,224 54,447 54,243 55,024 −3.6 −1.3

Utah ........................................................ 23,225 22,243 21,052 21,444 21,506 4.4 1.9

Virginia ................................................... 38,548 41,639 45,728 43,495 48,038 −7.4 −5.3

Washington ............................................ 4,877 4,714 5,283 5,096 5,000 3.4 −.6

West Virginia Total ............................... 158,985 135,818 163,723 165,576 166,765 17.1 −1.2

Northern .............................................. 45,535 37,100 50,646 52,633 58,200 22.7 −5.9

Southern .............................................. 113,449 98,718 113,077 112,943 108,565 14.9 1.1

Wyoming ................................................ 235,540 211,713 190,260 194,407 184,386 11.3 6.3

 1 Appalachian Total ............................. 441,805 421,508 458,645 457,735 464,640 4.8 −2.4 1 Interior Total ...................................... 176,208 167,836 195,057 193,030 205,584 5.0 −3.8 1 Western Total ..................................... 404,510 370,102 344,945 343,381 332,813 9.3 5.0

East of Miss. River ............................. 559,334 528,525 590,624 588,527 600,232 5.8 −3.1

West of Miss. River ............................ 463,190 430,920 408,023 405,619 396,416 7.5 4.0

U.S. Total .............................................. 1,022,523 959,445 998,647 994,146 1,023,935 6.6 *

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: See Technical Note 1 for the difference between production and distribution. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 87 
Table 59. Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994

Domestic

Alabama ................................................. 19,220 19,668 19,560 20,667 20,545 −2.3 −1.6

Alaska .................................................... 789 855 797 811 783 −7.7 .2

Arizona ................................................... 12,011 12,138 12,418 12,933 11,446 −1.0 1.2

Arkansas ................................................ 28 25 29 1 7 9.1 40.9

California ................................................ − − 142 23 57 − −

Colorado ................................................ 24,059 20,338 18,195 17,132 18,019 18.3 7.5

Illinois ..................................................... 51,737 41,330 57,670 57,290 60,222 25.2 −3.7

Indiana .................................................... 30,477 29,475 31,216 31,204 35,967 3.4 −4.1

Iowa ........................................................ 46 175 287 350 380 −73.5 −40.9

Kansas ................................................... 282 345 354 424 734 −18.3 −21.3

Kentucky Total ...................................... 151,963 150,874 147,825 142,811 157,587 .7 −.9

Eastern ................................................ 117,234 115,723 106,372 102,416 112,741 1.3 1.0

Western ............................................... 34,729 35,151 41,453 40,395 44,847 −1.2 −6.2

Louisiana ................................................ 3,463 3,103 3,208 3,151 3,186 11.6 2.1

Maryland ................................................ 3,277 3,278 3,246 3,594 3,063 * 1.7

Missouri .................................................. 679 638 2,795 2,203 2,488 6.5 −27.7

Montana ................................................. 41,672 35,795 38,804 37,812 37,294 16.4 2.8

New Mexico ........................................... 28,540 27,942 24,823 22,378 23,380 2.1 5.1

North Dakota ......................................... 32,056 32,372 31,702 29,741 29,206 −1.0 2.3

Ohio ........................................................ 28,688 28,315 29,549 30,001 34,209 1.3 −4.3

Oklahoma .............................................. 1,925 2,297 1,940 1,867 1,727 −16.2 2.8

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 55,207 53,482 61,208 58,151 62,917 3.2 −3.2

Anthracite ............................................ 4,346 3,015 3,230 2,821 2,463 44.1 15.3

Bituminous .......................................... 50,861 50,467 57,979 55,330 60,454 .8 −4.2

Tennessee ............................................. 2,547 2,577 2,835 4,243 6,098 −1.1 −19.6

Texas ...................................................... 52,256 54,224 54,447 54,243 55,016 −3.6 −1.3

Utah ........................................................ 20,527 19,283 18,792 19,358 19,756 6.4 1.0

Virginia ................................................... 26,866 27,388 28,504 25,390 28,863 −1.9 −1.8

Washington ............................................ 4,731 4,621 5,020 4,894 4,893 2.4 −.8

West Virginia Total ............................... 122,779 102,659 112,917 111,785 118,032 19.6 1.0

Northern .............................................. 39,985 34,573 44,093 45,586 50,042 15.7 −5.4

Southern .............................................. 82,794 68,086 68,824 66,199 67,990 21.6 5.0

Wyoming ................................................ 234,016 210,739 188,983 193,425 183,712 11.0 6.2

 1 Appalachian Total ............................. 375,819 353,089 364,191 356,247 370,316 6.4 −1.2 1 Interior Total ...................................... 175,622 166,763 193,400 191,126 204,574 5.3 −3.7 1 Western Total ..................................... 398,402 364,083 339,676 338,508 328,547 9.4 4.9

East of Miss. River ............................. 492,762 459,045 494,530 485,136 504,058 7.3 −2.3

West of Miss. River ............................ 457,081 424,890 402,737 400,746 392,085 7.6 3.9

U.S. Total .............................................. 949,843 883,934 897,267 885,882 919,589 7.5 .8

Foreign

Alabama ................................................. 4,529 5,888 5,931 7,012 8,190 −23.1 −13.8

Alaska .................................................... 716 743 734 672 797 −3.6 −2.6

Arkansas ................................................ − − 3 − 6 − −

Colorado ................................................ 752 1,128 669 625 367 −33.3 19.7

Illinois ..................................................... 236 670 1,242 1,263 370 −64.8 −10.6

Indiana .................................................... 206 188 177 208 155 9.5 7.4

Kentucky Total ...................................... 7,167 9,521 14,036 15,478 15,690 −24.7 −17.8

Eastern ................................................ 7,023 9,318 13,815 15,046 15,269 −24.6 −17.6

Western ............................................... 144 204 221 433 421 −29.4 −23.6

Maryland ................................................ 184 295 234 178 542 −37.6 −23.7

Montana ................................................. 243 121 62 306 572 100.9 −19.2

New Mexico ........................................... 30 − 5 − −− −

Ohio ........................................................ 61 − 2 22 126 − −16.7

Oklahoma .............................................. − 11 14 − 50 −100.0 −

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 6,301 5,508 6,440 7,303 6,884 14.4 −2.2

Anthracite ............................................ 354 316 324 361 548 11.9 −10.4

Bituminous .......................................... 5,947 5,192 6,116 6,942 6,336 14.5 −1.6

Tennessee ............................................. − − 2 31 148 − −

Texas ...................................................... − − − − 9 − −

Utah ........................................................ 2,698 2,959 2,260 2,086 1,751 −8.8 11.4

Virginia ................................................... 11,683 14,251 17,224 18,105 19,174 −18.0 −11.6

Washington ............................................ 146 94 264 202 107 55.0 8.1

West Virginia Total ............................... 36,205 33,159 50,806 53,791 48,733 9.2 −7.2

Northern .............................................. 5,550 2,527 6,553 7,047 8,158 119.6 −9.2

Southern .............................................. 30,655 30,632 44,254 46,744 40,575 .1 −6.8

Wyoming ................................................ 1,524 974 1,277 982 674 56.5 22.6

See footnotes at end of table.

88 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 59. Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994

Foreign

 1 Appalachian Total ............................. 65,986 68,419 94,454 101,488 370,316 −3.6 −1.2 1 Interior Total ...................................... 586 1,073 1,657 1,904 1,010 −45.4 −12.7 1 Western Total ..................................... 6,108 6,018 5,269 4,873 4,267 1.5 9.4

East of Miss. River ............................. 66,572 69,481 96,094 103,392 504,058 −4.2 −2.3

West of Miss. River ............................ 6,108 6,030 5,286 4,873 4,331 1.3 9.0

U.S. Total .............................................. 72,680 75,510 101,380 108,264 104,346 −3.8 −8.6

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Table 60. Major U.S. Coal Distributors, 1994

Company Name

Top Ten Distributors

Arch Mineral Corp. Montana Power Co.

Atlantic Richfield Co. North American Coal Corp.

Consol Energy Inc. Peabody Holding Co.

Cyprus AMAX Minerals Co. The Pittston Co.

Kennecott Energy Co. Zeigler Coal Holding Co.

Other Major Distributors

Addington Resources, Inc. Kerr-McGee Coal Corp.

AEP Service Corp. Knife River Coal Mining Co.

Aluminum Co. of America Logan & Kanawha Coal Co.

American Metals & Coal Mapco Coal Inc.

Andalex Resources Inc. Marigold Land Corp.

Anker Energy Corp. Mincorp, Inc.

Ashland Coal Inc. Minnesota Power & Light

A.T. Massey Coal Co., Inc. Pacificorp Electric

Bethlehem Steel Corp. Pardee Coal Co., Inc.

BHP Minerals Int ’l. Pen Holdings

Black Beauty Coal Corp. Phibro Energy Inc.

Central Coal Corp. Quaker Coal Co.

Centralia Mining Co. Rochester & Pittsburgh Co.

Chevron Corp. San Miguel Electric Coop.

Coal Arbed Int ’l Trading Co. Sun Coal Co.

Coal Resources Teco Coal Corp.

Costain America Inc. Texas Utilities Mining Co.

Decker Coal Co. The Coastal Corp.

Dolet Hills Mining Venture TMPA

Drummond Co. Transco Energy Inc.

Electric Fuels Corp. Trans Ocean Coal Co.

Exxon Corp. United Coal Co.

General Dynamics Corp. USX Corp.

James River Coal Co. Western Fuels Association

Jim Walter Resources, Inc. W.R. Grace & Co.

Notes: The top 10 distribution companies accounted for 48 percent of the total distribution. Companies are listed in alphabetical order to ensure

nondisclosure of company data.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 89 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change

 and State 1993-1994 1990-1994

Appalachian Total ............................... 375,819 353,089 364,191 356,247 386,469 6.4 −0.7

Alabama ............................................. 19,220 19,668 19,560 20,667 20,545 −2.3 −1.6

Middle Atlantic ................................. 496 492 228 * − .7 −

Pennsylvania ................................. 496 492 228 * − .7 −

East North Central .......................... −−− 6 312 − −

Indiana ........................................... −−− 6 312 − −

West North Central ......................... − − 1 − −− −

South Dakota ................................ − − 1 − −− −

South Atlantic .................................. 89 207 287 112 252 −57.1 −22.9

Florida ............................................ 85 202 185 69 158 −57.8 −14.2

Georgia .......................................... * 1 102 43 94 −69.3 −76.3

North Carolina .............................. −−− * −− −

South Carolina .............................. 3 4 − − − −20.2 −

East South Central ......................... 18,484 18,851 18,918 20,181 19,590 −1.9 −1.4

Alabama ........................................ 18,351 18,716 18,849 20,150 19,535 −1.9 −1.5

Kentucky ........................................ − − − − 1 − −

Mississippi ..................................... 129 132 68 28 49 −2.1 27.3

Tennessee .................................... 4 3 * 3 5 25.1 −5.3

West South Central ........................ 63 18 33 5 7 256.0 76.1

Arkansas ....................................... 60 9 12 5 6 NM 74.1

Texas ............................................. 3 8 21 * * −64.1 232.3

Kentucky, Eastern ........................... 117,234 115,723 106,372 102,416 112,741 1.3 1.0

New England ................................... 1,447 1,106 2,337 1,572 1,650 30.8 −3.2

Connecticut ................................... 787 576 837 912 920 36.5 −3.8

Maine ............................................. 433 380 771 187 9 13.8 162.3

Massachusetts .............................. 227 71 729 465 706 221.7 −24.7

New Hampshire ............................ − 79 − 8 15 −100.0 −

Middle Atlantic ................................. 4,522 3,679 3,901 4,238 2,742 22.9 13.3

New Jersey ................................... 63 61 204 36 21 3.3 32.2

New York ...................................... 1,288 1,188 1,288 2,040 1,090 8.4 4.3

Pennsylvania ................................. 3,171 2,429 2,409 2,162 1,631 30.5 18.1

East North Central .......................... 24,669 25,309 21,902 23,622 29,008 −2.5 −4.0

Illinois ............................................. 1,555 2,333 1,575 1,766 2,180 −33.4 −8.1

Indiana ........................................... 2,109 2,074 2,645 2,299 2,831 1.7 −7.1

Michigan ........................................ 9,524 8,857 8,083 8,648 10,193 7.5 −1.7

Ohio ............................................... 10,532 11,294 8,648 9,915 12,658 −6.8 −4.5

Wisconsin ...................................... 949 751 951 995 1,145 26.5 −4.6

West North Central ......................... 564 482 444 641 652 16.9 −3.6

Iowa ............................................... 40 25 65 232 209 60.4 −33.7

Kansas ........................................... − − 5 15 4 − −

Minnesota ...................................... 172 124 125 184 293 39.1 −12.4

Missouri ......................................... 351 334 249 211 147 5.2 24.4

South Dakota ................................ 1 − − − −− −

South Atlantic .................................. 60,914 57,532 52,997 50,747 53,711 5.9 3.2

Delaware ....................................... 37 27 − 52 142 41.0 −28.3

District of Columbia ..................... 13 16 18 47 23 −18.8 −13.0

Florida ............................................ 12,069 11,311 12,584 11,302 11,249 6.7 1.8

Georgia .......................................... 15,649 14,163 11,770 12,277 13,325 10.5 4.1

Maryland ........................................ 423 958 296 449 690 −55.9 −11.5

North Carolina .............................. 13,590 13,491 12,517 11,334 13,045 .7 1.0

South Carolina .............................. 11,443 9,962 9,847 9,587 9,103 14.9 5.9

Virginia ........................................... 6,539 6,672 5,246 4,872 4,844 −2.0 7.8

West Virginia ................................. 1,151 932 721 826 1,291 23.5 −2.8

East South Central ......................... 22,813 26,008 22,917 19,666 22,951 −12.3 −.1

Alabama ........................................ 2,402 2,320 2,703 2,164 1,491 3.5 12.7

Kentucky ........................................ 10,317 10,145 10,486 8,563 10,885 1.7 −1.3

Mississippi ..................................... 1,006 1,731 1,616 2,105 2,140 −41.9 −17.2

Tennessee .................................... 9,088 11,811 8,112 6,835 8,435 −23.0 1.9

West South Central ........................ 802 104 95 237 360 NM 22.1

Arkansas ....................................... * − − − −− −

Louisiana ....................................... 791 104 95 235 349 NM 22.7

Texas ............................................. 10 − − 1 11 − −2.5

Mountain .......................................... 10 − 2 − −− −

Idaho .............................................. − − 2 − −− −

Wyoming ........................................ 10 − − − −− −

Pacific ............................................... 15 4 − − * 265.1 143.1

Oregon ........................................... 15 4 − − * 265.1 216.8

Washington ................................... − − − − * − −

See footnotes at end of table.

90 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change

 and State 1993-1994 1990-1994

Maryland ............................................ 3,277 3,278 3,246 3,594 3,063 * 1.7

New England ................................... − 11 − − 11 −100.0 −

Connecticut ................................... − − − − 2 − −

Massachusetts .............................. − 11 − − 9 −100.0 −

Middle Atlantic ................................. − 19 6 22 70 −100.0 −

New York ...................................... − − 4 8 22 − −

Pennsylvania ................................. − 19 2 14 48 −100.0 −

South Atlantic .................................. 3,277 3,230 3,166 3,553 2,956 1.4 2.6

Delaware ....................................... 125 37 − 15 21 240.3 56.4

Maryland ........................................ 1,034 820 1,159 1,363 1,584 26.1 −10.1

Virginia ........................................... 1 − 1 37 106 − −65.9

West Virginia ................................. 2,116 2,373 2,006 2,139 1,245 −10.8 14.2

Ohio ..................................................... 28,688 28,315 29,549 30,001 34,209 1.3 −4.3

New England ................................... * 17 4 * * −99.8 −43.4

Connecticut ................................... * * 1 − − −78.3 −

Massachusetts .............................. − 17 4 * * −100.0 −

Middle Atlantic ................................. 2,443 1,388 556 934 2,005 75.9 5.1

New Jersey ................................... − − − − 14 − −

New York ...................................... 124 52 47 45 149 138.2 −4.4

Pennsylvania ................................. 2,318 1,336 508 889 1,843 73.5 5.9

East North Central .......................... 24,810 25,119 27,497 27,875 29,289 −1.2 −4.1

Illinois ............................................. 17 * 2 − − NM −

Indiana ........................................... 345 274 134 181 225 25.9 11.3

Michigan ........................................ 522 474 419 627 751 10.0 −8.7

Ohio ............................................... 23,907 24,370 26,941 27,061 28,301 −1.9 −4.1

Wisconsin ...................................... 18 − − 6 12 − 10.5

West North Central ......................... 33 83 − * 27 −59.7 5.1

Iowa ............................................... 15 67 − − − −76.8 −

Missouri ......................................... 18 16 − * 27 11.2 −10.0

South Atlantic .................................. 971 1,041 1,385 995 1,961 −6.7 −16.1

Delaware ....................................... 29 48 − − 1 −39.5 138.6

Florida ............................................ −−− 172 −− −

Maryland ........................................ −−− 7 7 − −

South Carolina .............................. −−− 5 38 − −

West Virginia ................................. 942 993 1,385 811 1,915 −5.1 −16.3

East South Central ......................... 130 261 − 49 705 −50.3 −34.5

Alabama ........................................ 37 151 − 48 696 −75.7 −52.1

Kentucky ........................................ 93 29 − − 9 219.3 78.8

Tennessee .................................... − 81 − * * −100.0 −

West South Central ........................ − − *13 − −

Louisiana ....................................... − − * 1 3 − −

Pennsylvania,

Anthracite ....................................... 4,346 3,015 3,230 2,821 2,463 44.1 15.3

New England ................................... 54 64 73 74 88 −16.1 −11.6

Connecticut ................................... 11 13 14 13 13 −10.1 −2.8

Maine ............................................. 6 8 12 11 11 −27.9 −13.3

Massachusetts .............................. 20 24 22 20 28 −15.2 −7.6

New Hampshire ............................ 8 10 14 22 24 −22.3 −24.2

Rhode Island ................................ 3 3 5 4 5 1.6 −10.8

Vermont ......................................... 5 6 7 5 8 −15.1 −10.8

Middle Atlantic ................................. 3,227 2,618 2,916 2,554 2,077 23.2 11.6

New Jersey ................................... 17 20 17 18 23 −15.8 −7.1

New York ...................................... 121 179 215 164 161 −32.5 −6.9

Pennsylvania ................................. 3,089 2,420 2,685 2,371 1,894 27.7 13.0

East North Central .......................... 36 39 40 31 41 −5.9 −2.8

Illinois ............................................. 8 14 8 11 5 −43.5 11.0

Indiana ........................................... 4 5 5 5 8 −18.9 −17.8

Michigan ........................................ 2 * 1 2 1 484.4 26.6

Ohio ............................................... 21 19 26 13 21 9.7 −.9

Wisconsin ...................................... 2 1 * * 5 58.1 −20.5

West North Central ......................... 31 34 35 33 49 −8.3 −10.4

Iowa ............................................... 26 28 27 29 47 −5.9 −14.0

Kansas ........................................... − * 6 * * −100.0 −

Minnesota ...................................... 3 3 * * * 19.4 64.2

Missouri ......................................... 2 2 * * * −.9 258.2

Nebraska ....................................... * 2 2 4 1 −99.9 −82.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 91 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change

 and State 1993-1994 1990-1994

Pennsylvania,

Anthracite (Continued)

North Dakota ................................ * * * * * −69.8 −1.3

South Dakota ................................ * − * * * − 269.3

South Atlantic .................................. 79 64 51 39 51 24.2 11.4

Delaware ....................................... 11 11 7 * * * 127.3

District of Columbia ..................... ***** −2.9 −12.0

Florida ............................................ 8 6 7 4 8 30.1 −1.1

Georgia .......................................... * * 1 1 2 −25.2 −36.2

Maryland ........................................ 6 4 3 9 4 70.2 11.7

North Carolina .............................. * * * * * 104.7 .3

South Carolina .............................. 8 11 * 3 12 −26.5 −9.8

Virginia ........................................... 11 14 13 16 17 −23.0 −11.7

West Virginia ................................. 35 18 20 6 7 94.3 49.6

East South Central ......................... 28 34 42 44 60 −20.1 −17.8

Alabama ........................................ 1 3 6 1 17 −59.9 −49.1

Kentucky ........................................ 12 18 24 27 27 −33.7 −18.4

Mississippi ..................................... * * * * * 166.7 −.6

Tennessee .................................... 15 14 12 16 17 5.4 −3.7

West South Central ........................ 8 11 10 5 2 −31.3 45.6

Arkansas ....................................... 1 * 4 3 * 345.0 44.5

Louisiana ....................................... 3 8 * * * −54.9 215.1

Oklahoma ...................................... * * 1 * * −17.9 80.0

Texas ............................................. 3 3 5 1 1 6.4 20.3

Mountain .......................................... 18 3 * 1 1 NM 92.1

Arizona ........................................... * * * * * NM −3.3

Colorado ........................................ 15 3 * * * 466.4 253.7

Idaho .............................................. 3 * − − − NM −

Montana ........................................ * * − − * − −

Nevada .......................................... − − − − 1 − −

New Mexico .................................. * * * − − 69.2 −

Utah ............................................... * * − * * −70.6 −30.1

Wyoming ........................................ * * * * * 28.6 −32.0

Pacific ............................................... 7 10 * * * −25.8 352.0

Alaska ............................................ * − − − −− −

California ....................................... * * * * * 145.7 134.7

Oregon ........................................... 7 9 − * − −29.4 −

Washington ................................... − − * * * − −

Pennsylvania,

Bituminous ..................................... 50,861 50,467 57,979 55,330 60,454 .8 −4.2

New England ................................... 1,025 989 1,124 1,113 996 3.7 .7

Connecticut ................................... 12 * 131 87 14 NM −5.5

Maine ............................................. 24 2 19 1 * NM 463.6

Massachusetts .............................. 292 330 294 290 695 −11.6 −19.5

New Hampshire ............................ 698 656 681 734 286 6.3 24.9

Vermont ......................................... − * − * * −100.0 −

Middle Atlantic ................................. 38,188 37,417 43,559 40,806 46,212 2.1 −4.7

New Jersey ................................... 537 153 15 23 46 251.6 84.7

New York ...................................... 5,551 6,228 8,532 6,893 7,844 −10.9 −8.3

Pennsylvania ................................. 32,100 31,036 35,012 33,889 38,322 3.4 −4.3

East North Central .......................... 6,288 6,502 7,466 7,138 7,364 −3.3 −3.9

Illinois ............................................. 206 43 69 154 54 382.9 39.9

Indiana ........................................... 629 505 380 277 391 24.6 12.6

Michigan ........................................ 1,756 1,607 1,862 1,682 1,758 9.3 *

Ohio ............................................... 2,769 3,848 3,567 3,411 3,856 −28.0 −7.9

Wisconsin ...................................... 928 500 1,589 1,615 1,304 85.6 −8.1

West North Central ......................... 46 205 191 558 44 −77.7 1.0

Iowa ............................................... 46 103 162 67 − −55.6 −

Minnesota ...................................... − − 28 492 44 − −

Missouri ......................................... − 102 1 − − −100.0 −

North Dakota ................................ − * − − − −100.0 −

South Atlantic .................................. 3,783 3,955 4,090 4,957 4,935 −4.3 −6.4

Delaware ....................................... 314 252 226 576 568 24.7 −13.8

District of Columbia ..................... −−−− * − −

Florida ............................................ 135 − − 66 −− −

Maryland ........................................ 2,278 2,372 2,437 2,624 3,001 −3.9 −6.7

South Carolina .............................. − − 1 2 * − −

See footnotes at end of table.

92 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change

 and State 1993-1994 1990-1994

Pennsylvania,

Bituminous (Continued)

Virginia ........................................... 55 29 5 71 27 87.3 19.1

West Virginia ................................. 1,002 1,302 1,421 1,616 1,339 −23.1 −7.0

East South Central ......................... 993 772 83 6 6 28.7 255.7

Alabama ........................................ 34 46 1 * 6 −25.3 53.0

Kentucky ........................................ 460 225 31 − − 104.5 −

Mississippi ..................................... − 3 6 − − −100.0 −

Tennessee .................................... 500 498 46 6 − .3 −

West South Central ........................ − **2* −100.0 −

Texas ............................................. − * * 2 * −100.0 −

Mountain .......................................... 183 240 290 265 26 −23.4 62.7

Colorado ........................................ − − − − * − −

Utah ............................................... 183 240 290 265 26 −23.4 62.8

Pacific ............................................... −−− * −− −

California ....................................... −−− * −− −

Tennessee ......................................... 2,547 2,577 2,835 4,243 6,098 −1.1 −19.6

Middle Atlantic ................................. −−− 5 2 − −

New York ...................................... −−− 5 −− −

Pennsylvania ................................. − − − − 2 − −

East North Central .......................... 1 * 24 63 207 NM −72.3

Illinois ............................................. 1 − − 29 170 − −70.9

Indiana ........................................... − * 3 2 8 −100.0 −

Michigan ........................................ − − 21 31 23 − −

Ohio ............................................... −−− 1 4 − −

Wisconsin ...................................... − − − − 2 − −

South Atlantic .................................. 301 303 387 820 2,133 −.7 −38.7

Florida ............................................ 40 − − 242 143 − −27.1

Georgia .......................................... 202 204 259 384 1,590 −1.1 −40.3

North Carolina .............................. 58 96 114 150 124 −39.1 −17.1

South Carolina .............................. − 3 13 34 269 −100.0 −

Virginia ........................................... − * 1 10 7 −100.0 −

East South Central ......................... 2,223 2,215 2,376 3,292 3,712 .4 −12.0

Alabama ........................................ 710 592 734 934 971 20.1 −7.5

Kentucky ........................................ 135 122 39 436 601 10.3 −31.2

Tennessee .................................... 1,378 1,501 1,603 1,922 2,139 −8.2 −10.4

Virginia ............................................... 26,866 27,388 28,504 25,390 28,863 −1.9 −1.8

New England ................................... − − 281 886 492 − −

Maine ............................................. − − 44 − −− −

Massachusetts .............................. − − 237 693 490 − −

New Hampshire ............................ −−− 186 2 − −

Vermont ......................................... −−− 7 −− −

Middle Atlantic ................................. 1,490 2,073 2,957 1,812 2,180 −28.1 −9.1

New Jersey ................................... 190 359 734 551 447 −47.1 −19.3

New York ...................................... 156 108 96 128 128 45.4 5.2

Pennsylvania ................................. 1,143 1,607 2,127 1,134 1,606 −28.8 −8.1

East North Central .......................... 2,455 3,475 3,794 2,574 3,852 −29.4 −10.6

Illinois ............................................. 302 260 478 380 406 16.1 −7.1

Indiana ........................................... 1,202 2,045 2,240 1,339 1,242 −41.2 −.8

Michigan ........................................ 376 188 68 34 140 99.8 28.0

Ohio ............................................... 488 875 940 772 2,005 −44.2 −29.8

Wisconsin ...................................... 86 108 68 50 59 −20.0 10.0

West North Central ......................... − − * − * − −

North Dakota ................................ − − * − −− −

South Dakota ................................ − − − − * − −

South Atlantic .................................. 18,898 18,553 16,839 16,290 18,247 1.9 .9

Delaware ....................................... 203 155 208 137 226 31.0 −2.6

Florida ............................................ 531 457 451 455 663 16.1 −5.4

Georgia .......................................... 3,038 3,496 2,779 3,219 3,661 −13.1 −4.5

Maryland ........................................ 90 8 79 115 376 NM −30.1

North Carolina .............................. 5,634 5,867 5,207 4,520 4,592 −4.0 5.3

South Carolina .............................. 1,604 1,663 1,356 1,523 1,565 −3.5 .6

Virginia ........................................... 6,867 6,076 6,082 5,457 5,638 13.0 5.0

West Virginia ................................. 930 832 677 864 1,525 11.8 −11.6

East South Central ......................... 3,658 3,026 3,432 3,312 3,366 20.9 2.1

Alabama ........................................ 1,156 887 1,017 763 764 30.3 10.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 93 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change

 and State 1993-1994 1990-1994

Virginia (Continued)

Kentucky ........................................ 41 1 * − 64 NM −10.7

Tennessee .................................... 2,462 2,138 2,415 2,549 2,539 15.1 −.8

West South Central ........................ − 2 2 10 103 −100.0 −

Louisiana ....................................... − − − − 90 − −

Texas ............................................. − 2 2 10 13 −100.0 −

Mountain .......................................... 320 103 192 198 − 211.6 −

Colorado ........................................ − * − * − −100.0 −

Utah ............................................... 320 103 192 198 − 211.7 −

West Virginia, Northern .................. 39,985 34,573 44,093 45,586 50,042 15.7 −5.4

New England ................................... 1,086 1,002 2,776 2,216 2,142 8.4 −15.6

Connecticut ................................... 166 − * − 169 − −.6

Maine ............................................. − − − − 12 − −

Massachusetts .............................. 648 613 2,379 1,965 1,264 5.8 −15.4

New Hampshire ............................ 272 389 397 251 696 −30.0 −20.9

Middle Atlantic ................................. 12,566 9,769 13,804 15,039 16,090 28.6 −6.0

New Jersey ................................... 1,096 1,234 1,213 1,094 1,443 −11.1 −6.6

New York ...................................... 3,079 1,336 2,530 3,393 4,185 130.5 −7.4

Pennsylvania ................................. 8,391 7,200 10,061 10,553 10,463 16.5 −5.4

East North Central .......................... 5,924 4,220 5,803 6,435 7,459 40.4 −5.6

Illinois ............................................. 23 44 − − 10 −46.9 24.4

Indiana ........................................... 1,060 216 70 313 334 391.1 33.4

Michigan ........................................ 392 113 114 81 170 246.7 23.2

Ohio ............................................... 4,098 3,659 5,365 5,513 6,129 12.0 −9.6

Wisconsin ...................................... 350 188 254 528 815 86.6 −19.0

West North Central ......................... 12 54 9 20 19 −78.5 −11.8

Iowa ............................................... 2 − − 1 −− −

Minnesota ...................................... 10 − 9 19 19 − −15.0

Missouri ......................................... − 54 − − − −100.0 −

North Dakota ................................ − − − − * − −

South Atlantic .................................. 19,270 17,772 20,988 21,434 23,875 8.4 −5.2

Delaware ....................................... 969 1,096 1,111 714 872 −11.6 2.7

District of Columbia ..................... 10 12 6 9 20 −18.7 −16.2

Florida ............................................ 449 580 452 454 686 −22.6 −10.0

Maryland ........................................ 3,443 4,314 3,466 4,425 4,152 −20.2 −4.6

North Carolina .............................. 7 − * 2 4 − 11.9

South Carolina .............................. 1 − − − −− −

Virginia ........................................... 75 306 243 276 260 −75.6 −26.8

West Virginia ................................. 14,316 11,464 15,710 15,553 17,881 24.9 −5.4

East South Central ......................... 492 749 167 53 3 −34.3 255.8

Alabama ........................................ 34 27 − * − 27.5 −

Kentucky ........................................ 160 130 4 9 3 23.7 168.8

Mississippi ..................................... 5 5 4 13 − 4.3 −

Tennessee .................................... 293 589 159 31 − −50.2 −

West South Central ........................ 368 154 −−− 138.4 −

Louisiana ....................................... 368 154 − − − 138.4 −

Pacific ............................................... − * * * * −100.0 −

California ....................................... − * * * * −100.0 −

West Virginia,

Southern ......................................... 82,794 68,086 68,824 66,199 67,990 21.6 5.0

New England ................................... 1,351 917 1,109 416 179 47.2 65.8

Connecticut ................................... − 106 21 * * −100.0 −

Maine ............................................. * 14 20 11 72 −99.8 −86.4

Massachusetts .............................. 1,351 739 971 304 93 82.7 95.3

New Hampshire ............................ − 58 97 101 13 −100.0 −

Rhode Island ................................ − * − − − −100.0 −

Vermont ......................................... * − − − * − 14.6

Middle Atlantic ................................. 6,738 6,965 5,160 4,570 6,048 −3.3 2.7

New Jersey ................................... 260 343 250 155 170 −24.1 11.1

New York ...................................... 1,345 1,860 1,265 980 1,399 −27.6 −1.0

Pennsylvania ................................. 5,133 4,763 3,644 3,434 4,479 7.8 3.5

East North Central .......................... 27,503 22,906 25,560 24,205 23,796 20.1 3.7

Illinois ............................................. 1,403 1,971 1,472 1,668 931 −28.8 10.8

Indiana ........................................... 4,918 3,401 4,920 4,131 3,791 44.6 6.7

Michigan ........................................ 5,903 4,048 6,120 6,951 6,794 45.8 −3.4

Ohio ............................................... 14,802 12,485 12,457 11,163 12,053 18.6 5.3

See footnotes at end of table.

94 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change

 and State 1993-1994 1990-1994

West Virginia,

Southern (Continued)

Wisconsin ...................................... 478 1,002 592 293 227 −52.3 20.4

West North Central ......................... 237 223 364 253 291 6.4 −5.0

Iowa ............................................... 70 69 77 39 107 .5 −10.2

Kansas ........................................... − − 34 60 −− −

Minnesota ...................................... 92 11 24 22 24 NM 39.6

Missouri ......................................... 70 142 228 126 156 −50.8 −18.1

North Dakota ................................ * − − 1 4 − −71.1

South Dakota ................................ 6 − − 5 −− −

South Atlantic .................................. 36,045 26,459 28,512 28,761 30,763 36.2 4.0

Delaware ....................................... 621 617 361 723 590 .6 1.3

District of Columbia ..................... 24 23 27 10 27 4.0 −2.7

Florida ............................................ 1,372 817 1,010 1,507 1,789 68.0 −6.4

Georgia .......................................... 4,106 2,958 2,477 2,517 1,549 38.8 27.6

Maryland ........................................ 2,855 1,376 2,296 1,721 1,961 107.5 9.8

North Carolina .............................. 6,910 6,167 7,963 6,047 6,270 12.0 2.5

South Carolina .............................. 394 107 121 178 83 268.7 47.5

Virginia ........................................... 3,188 2,971 3,323 4,420 3,418 7.3 −1.7

West Virginia ................................. 16,575 11,423 10,934 11,638 15,076 45.1 2.4

East South Central ......................... 10,551 10,095 7,054 7,469 6,274 4.5 13.9

Alabama ........................................ 4,392 3,736 2,362 2,335 1,026 17.6 43.8

Kentucky ........................................ 4,744 4,704 3,755 4,062 4,901 .9 −.8

Mississippi ..................................... 93 87 34 4 21 7.3 44.9

Tennessee .................................... 1,322 1,569 904 1,067 326 −15.7 41.9

West South Central ........................ 60 49 22 31 31 21.9 18.0

Louisiana ....................................... 4 2 − 14 8 141.5 −17.1

Oklahoma ...................................... 56 48 22 18 22 16.7 25.6

Texas ............................................. 1 − − − * − 17.4

Mountain .......................................... 212 135 − 35 14 56.9 95.6

Idaho .............................................. * − − − −− −

Utah ............................................... 211 135 − 35 14 56.6 95.5

Pacific ............................................... 1 * − * 3 NM −22.3

California ....................................... − * − * − −100.0 −

Oregon ........................................... 1 − − − −− −

Washington ................................... − − − − 3 − −

Interior Total ........................................ 175,622 166,763 193,400 191,126 204,574 5.3 −3.7

Arkansas ............................................ 28 25 29 1 7 9.1 40.9

New England ................................... − − 13 − −− −

Vermont ......................................... − − 13 − −− −

West North Central ......................... 4 8 11 − −−56.8 −

Missouri ......................................... 4 8 11 − − −56.8 −

West South Central ........................ 24 17 5 1 − 41.7 −

Arkansas ....................................... 13 12 − 1 − 2.6 −

Oklahoma ...................................... * 5 5 − − −99.3 −

Texas ............................................. 12 − − − −− −

Illinois ................................................. 51,737 41,330 57,670 57,290 60,222 25.2 −3.7

New England ................................... −−− * * − −

Connecticut ................................... −−− * −− −

Massachusetts .............................. − − − − * − −

Middle Atlantic ................................. * * * 1 * 81.5 29.3

New Jersey ................................... − − * − −− −

New York ...................................... * * * * * 49.0 23.7

Pennsylvania ................................. * − − * * − 122.5

East North Central .......................... 28,299 20,483 28,821 29,022 30,701 38.1 −2.0

Illinois ............................................. 17,517 15,206 18,167 18,787 18,700 15.2 −1.6

Indiana ........................................... 9,574 4,541 9,595 9,185 10,571 110.8 −2.4

Michigan ........................................ 51 − 6 5 10 − 49.8

Ohio ............................................... 18 − − 73 58 − −24.9

Wisconsin ...................................... 1,139 736 1,053 971 1,362 54.7 −4.4

West North Central ......................... 9,448 7,783 13,499 15,470 15,856 21.4 −12.1

Iowa ............................................... 1,535 1,534 1,175 1,473 1,592 .1 −.9

Kansas ........................................... 193 179 640 1,320 1,157 7.8 −36.1

Minnesota ...................................... 179 43 58 40 41 313.4 44.9

Missouri ......................................... 7,541 6,027 11,625 12,637 13,067 25.1 −12.8

North Dakota ................................ − * − * − −100.0 −

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 95 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change

 and State 1993-1994 1990-1994

Illinois (Continued)

South Atlantic .................................. 8,403 8,137 10,485 8,811 9,019 3.3 −1.8

Florida ............................................ 5,846 4,782 5,529 4,464 4,150 22.3 8.9

Georgia .......................................... 2,557 3,355 4,955 4,347 4,869 −23.8 −14.9

South Carolina .............................. − − 1 − −− −

Virginia ........................................... − * − * − −100.0 −

West Virginia ................................. * − − − −− −

East South Central ......................... 5,453 4,823 4,780 3,681 4,482 13.1 5.0

Alabama ........................................ 750 401 632 474 813 86.8 −2.0

Kentucky ........................................ 343 535 7 15 453 −35.9 −6.7

Mississippi ..................................... 1,164 1,106 1,879 1,518 1,218 5.3 −1.1

Tennessee .................................... 3,195 2,780 2,261 1,673 1,998 14.9 12.5

West South Central ........................ 46 58 81 99 82 −21.3 −13.5

Arkansas ....................................... 30 37 81 99 82 −19.1 −22.1

Louisiana ....................................... − 21 − − − −100.0 −

Oklahoma ...................................... 16 − − − −− −

Texas ............................................. −−− * −− −

Mountain .......................................... −−− 201 11 − −

Montana ........................................ −−− 201 * − −

Wyoming ........................................ − − − − 11 − −

Indiana ................................................ 30,477 29,475 31,216 31,204 35,967 3.4 −4.1

New England ................................... * 21 − − − −98.2 −

Connecticut ................................... * − − − −− −

Massachusetts .............................. − 21 − − − −100.0 −

East North Central .......................... 27,088 26,347 27,677 27,023 30,173 2.8 −2.7

Illinois ............................................. 1,597 1,562 1,021 1,698 2,373 2.3 −9.4

Indiana ........................................... 24,733 23,913 24,655 22,619 25,301 3.4 −.6

Michigan ........................................ 135 184 338 311 407 −26.6 −24.1

Ohio ............................................... 36 60 135 * 184 −39.4 −33.5

Wisconsin ...................................... 587 628 1,528 2,394 1,908 −6.6 −25.5

West North Central ......................... 973 1,249 756 1,289 2,252 −22.2 −18.9

Iowa ............................................... 426 646 746 1,027 2,003 −34.1 −32.1

Kansas ........................................... − 18 − 6 3 −100.0 −

Minnesota ...................................... 43 − − 91 51 − −4.1

Missouri ......................................... 504 585 11 165 196 −14.0 26.5

South Atlantic .................................. 19 264 548 316 443 −92.7 −54.3

Florida ............................................ − 96 − 171 443 −100.0 −

Georgia .......................................... 19 153 548 144 − −87.4 −

Virginia ........................................... − 15 − − − −100.0 −

East South Central ......................... 2,313 1,506 2,071 2,401 2,895 53.6 −5.4

Alabama ........................................ 56 60 127 127 72 −7.5 −6.2

Kentucky ........................................ 2,219 1,313 1,694 2,039 2,450 69.0 −2.4

Mississippi ..................................... − − 3 24 24 − −

Tennessee .................................... 38 132 247 210 349 −71.1 −42.5

West South Central ........................ 4 1 − 2 − 257.9 −

Oklahoma ...................................... 3 1 − 2 − 209.7 −

Texas ............................................. * − − * −− −

Iowa .................................................... 46 175 287 350 380 −73.5 −40.9

West North Central ......................... 46 175 287 350 380 −73.5 −40.9

Iowa ............................................... 46 175 287 347 367 −73.5 −40.4

Missouri ......................................... −−− 2 13 − −

Kansas ................................................ 282 345 354 424 734 −18.3 −21.3

West North Central ......................... 282 345 345 424 734 −18.3 −21.3

Kansas ........................................... 165 167 165 136 348 −1.1 −17.0

Missouri ......................................... 117 178 181 288 387 −34.3 −25.9

Kentucky, Western .......................... 34,729 35,151 41,453 40,395 44,847 −1.2 −6.2

New England ................................... −−− * −− −

Connecticut ................................... −−− * −− −

Middle Atlantic ................................. * * * − * 152.6 23.0

Pennsylvania ................................. * * * − * 152.6 23.0

East North Central .......................... 2,762 4,169 4,346 5,204 5,358 −33.7 −15.3

Illinois ............................................. 192 659 214 470 1,224 −70.9 −37.1

Indiana ........................................... 2,214 3,229 3,275 3,482 3,316 −31.4 −9.6

Michigan ........................................ 12 28 8 74 59 −55.0 −32.3

See footnotes at end of table.

96 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change

 and State 1993-1994 1990-1994

Kentucky, Western (Continued)

Ohio ............................................... 180 146 514 786 650 23.5 −27.5

Wisconsin ...................................... 165 108 336 391 109 53.1 11.0

West North Central ......................... 1,170 352 896 1,027 2,482 232.6 −17.1

Iowa ............................................... 377 217 271 383 492 73.5 −6.4

Kansas ........................................... −−− 3 2 − −

Minnesota ...................................... 26 32 27 2 2 −17.7 95.5

Missouri ......................................... 766 102 598 640 1,986 NM −21.2

South Atlantic .................................. 2,709 3,040 5,260 5,849 6,689 −10.9 −20.2

Florida ............................................ 2,706 3,039 3,910 4,472 5,106 −11.0 −14.7

Georgia .......................................... − − 1,350 1,358 1,496 − −

North Carolina .............................. * − − − −− −

South Carolina .............................. * − − − 29 − −66.7

Virginia ........................................... − − * − 14 − −

West Virginia ................................. 3 1 * 19 44 122.3 −47.9

East South Central ......................... 28,048 27,512 30,682 27,911 29,781 1.9 −1.5

Alabama ........................................ 2,038 1,761 2,310 1,627 2,235 15.7 −2.3

Kentucky ........................................ 16,401 17,990 17,455 16,268 18,795 −8.8 −3.3

Mississippi ..................................... − 10 190 169 645 −100.0 −

Tennessee .................................... 9,609 7,751 10,727 9,847 8,106 24.0 4.3

West South Central ........................ 8 12 204 311 318 −31.5 −59.9

Arkansas ....................................... 8 12 8 11 11 −31.5 −7.1

Louisiana ....................................... − − 196 300 307 − −

Louisiana ............................................ 3,463 3,103 3,208 3,151 3,186 11.6 2.1

West North Central ......................... − * − − −−100.0 −

Missouri ......................................... − * − − − −100.0 −

West South Central ........................ 3,463 3,103 3,208 3,151 3,186 11.6 2.1

Louisiana ....................................... 3,463 3,103 3,208 3,151 3,186 11.6 2.1

Missouri .............................................. 679 638 2,795 2,203 2,488 6.5 −27.7

East North Central .......................... −−− * 1 − −

Illinois ............................................. −−− * 1 − −

West North Central ......................... 679 614 2,783 2,183 2,487 10.6 −27.7

Kansas ........................................... 77 23 54 19 − 239.9 −

Missouri ......................................... 602 592 2,729 2,164 2,487 1.8 −29.8

West South Central ........................ − 2 − − −−100.0 −

Oklahoma ...................................... − 2 − − − −100.0 −

Oklahoma ........................................... 1,925 2,297 1,940 1,867 1,727 −16.2 2.8

West North Central ......................... 27 57 83 23 52 −53.2 −15.5

Kansas ........................................... 22 41 73 23 16 −46.5 7.9

Missouri ......................................... 5 16 10 * 36 −70.1 −39.6

West South Central ........................ 1,896 2,240 1,857 1,841 1,612 −15.3 4.1

Arkansas ....................................... 205 196 130 94 71 4.5 30.1

Oklahoma ...................................... 1,532 1,869 1,601 1,569 1,389 −18.0 2.5

Texas ............................................. 159 175 126 178 152 −8.8 1.3

Pacific ............................................... * * − − − −10.0 −

California ....................................... * * − − − −10.0 −

Texas .................................................. 52,256 54,224 54,447 54,243 55,016 −3.6 −1.3

West South Central ........................ 52,256 54,224 54,447 54,243 55,016 −3.6 −1.3

Texas ............................................. 52,256 54,224 54,447 54,243 55,016 −3.6 −1.3

Mountain .......................................... − − − − * − −

Wyoming ........................................ − − − − * − −

Western Total ...................................... 398,402 364,083 339,676 338,508 328,547 9.4 4.9

Alaska ................................................. 789 855 797 811 783 −7.7 .2

Pacific ............................................... 789 855 797 811 783 −7.7 .2

Alaska ............................................ 789 855 797 811 783 −7.7 .2

Arizona ............................................... 12,011 12,138 12,418 12,933 11,446 −1.0 1.2

Mountain .......................................... 12,011 12,138 12,418 12,933 11,446 −1.0 1.2

Arizona ........................................... 7,580 7,566 7,441 7,869 7,275 .2 1.0

Nevada .......................................... 4,431 4,572 4,977 5,064 4,171 −3.1 1.5

California ............................................ − − 142 23 57 − −

Pacific ............................................... − − 142 23 57 − −

California ....................................... − − 142 23 57 − −

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 97 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change

 and State 1993-1994 1990-1994

Colorado ............................................ 24,059 20,338 18,195 17,132 18,019 18.3 7.5

New England ................................... − − − − * − −

Rhode Island ................................ − − − − * − −

East North Central .......................... 2,357 2,471 1,322 1,033 621 −4.6 39.6

Illinois ............................................. 1,439 1,246 518 460 11 15.4 240.1

Indiana ........................................... 457 978 794 573 591 −53.3 −6.2

Ohio ............................................... −−− * 20 − −

Wisconsin ...................................... 462 246 10 − − 87.4 −

West North Central ......................... 2,194 871 1,013 445 638 151.9 36.2

Iowa ............................................... 171 135 122 − 28 26.8 57.1

Kansas ........................................... 1,148 90 298 − 187 NM 57.5

Minnesota ...................................... 23 8 − − 62 199.8 −21.6

Missouri ......................................... 775 566 526 386 301 36.9 26.7

Nebraska ....................................... 77 72 67 59 60 7.1 6.3

South Atlantic .................................. 435 44 181 − − NM −

Florida ............................................ 423 − 181 − −− −

Georgia .......................................... 11 44 − − − −75.5 −

West Virginia ................................. 2 − − − −− −

East South Central ......................... 2,038 711 −−− 186.7 −

Kentucky ........................................ 710 − − − −− −

Mississippi ..................................... 735 170 − − − 332.9 −

Tennessee .................................... 593 541 − − − 9.6 −

West South Central ........................ 2,563 2,628 2,250 2,267 2,461 −2.5 1.0

Oklahoma ...................................... 26 121 − 58 56 −78.4 −17.5

Texas ............................................. 2,537 2,507 2,250 2,208 2,404 1.2 1.3

Mountain .......................................... 14,362 13,497 13,369 13,229 14,135 6.4 .4

Arizona ........................................... 219 117 226 868 1,158 86.8 −34.1

Colorado ........................................ 12,035 11,181 11,241 10,911 10,703 7.6 3.0

Idaho .............................................. −−− 12 22 − −

Montana ........................................ −−− 6 1 − −

Nevada .......................................... 306 514 169 − 41 −40.5 65.1

New Mexico .................................. 84 84 69 64 64 .5 7.1

Utah ............................................... 1,714 1,598 1,604 1,300 2,077 7.3 −4.7

Wyoming ........................................ 4 3 60 67 69 45.2 −50.7

Pacific ............................................... 73 80 60 158 161 −8.5 −17.9

California ....................................... 22 33 24 107 104 −33.8 −32.4

Washington ................................... 52 47 37 50 58 8.9 −2.8

Montana ............................................. 41,672 35,795 38,804 37,812 37,294 16.4 2.8

East North Central .......................... 17,875 15,841 15,717 16,771 17,052 12.8 1.2

Illinois ............................................. 4,338 3,295 3,013 3,203 2,651 31.6 13.1

Indiana ........................................... 749 433 451 725 573 72.9 6.9

Michigan ........................................ 10,481 10,055 10,376 10,838 11,795 4.2 −2.9

Wisconsin ...................................... 2,307 2,057 1,878 2,005 2,033 12.1 3.2

West North Central ......................... 10,668 9,411 9,152 10,243 10,400 13.4 .6

Iowa ............................................... * 1 − − − −90.3 −

Minnesota ...................................... 10,038 8,852 8,566 9,668 9,920 13.4 .3

Nebraska ....................................... 71 136 142 150 131 −48.0 −14.2

North Dakota ................................ 559 422 444 425 349 32.4 12.5

East South Central ......................... 1,314 178 84 105 − NM −

Mississippi ..................................... 1,314 178 82 105 − NM −

Tennessee .................................... − − 2 − −− −

Mountain .......................................... 10,718 9,233 11,276 10,687 9,842 16.1 2.2

Colorado ........................................ 89 86 106 101 94 2.8 −1.5

Montana ........................................ 10,581 9,115 11,159 10,578 9,742 16.1 2.1

Wyoming ........................................ 49 31 11 8 6 57.2 72.3

Pacific ............................................... 1,097 1,108 2,549 − − −1.0 −

Oregon ........................................... − 355 1,835 − − −100.0 −

Washington ................................... 1,097 753 715 − − 45.7 −

New Mexico ....................................... 28,540 27,942 24,823 22,378 23,380 2.1 5.1

East North Central .......................... 1,495 1,392 590 129 254 7.4 55.7

Illinois ............................................. − − − − 211 − −

Wisconsin ...................................... 1,495 1,392 590 129 43 7.4 142.1

West North Central ......................... −−− 8 18 − −

Missouri ......................................... −−− 8 18 − −

West South Central ........................ 296 350 216 182 143 −15.2 19.9

Oklahoma ...................................... − 5 − − − −100.0 −

See footnotes at end of table.

98 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change

 and State 1993-1994 1990-1994

New Mexico (Continued)

Texas ............................................. 296 345 216 182 143 −14.0 19.9

Mountain .......................................... 26,749 26,201 24,005 21,973 22,731 2.1 4.1

Arizona ........................................... 11,284 11,263 9,175 8,843 7,499 .2 10.8

Colorado ........................................ −−− * −− −

New Mexico .................................. 15,464 14,938 14,829 13,130 15,232 3.5 .4

Pacific ............................................... − − 12 87 233 − −

California ....................................... − − 12 87 233 − −

North Dakota .................................... 32,056 32,372 31,702 29,741 29,206 −1.0 2.3

East North Central .......................... * * − − −−55.1 −

Wisconsin ...................................... * * − − − −55.1 −

West North Central ......................... 32,055 32,367 31,702 29,741 29,206 −1.0 2.3

Minnesota ...................................... −−− 1 2 − −

North Dakota ................................ 29,731 30,215 29,573 27,405 27,137 −1.6 2.3

South Dakota ................................ 2,325 2,153 2,129 2,335 2,067 8.0 3.0

Mountain .......................................... − * − − − −100.0 −

Montana ........................................ − * − − − −100.0 −

Utah ..................................................... 20,527 19,283 18,792 19,358 19,756 6.4 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................. 68 − − − −− −

Pennsylvania ................................. 68 − − − −− −

East North Central .......................... 656 421 233 10 − 55.8 −

Illinois ............................................. 369 207 233 10 − 78.2 −

Indiana ........................................... 178 204 − − − −12.6 −

Michigan ........................................ 66 − − − −− −

Ohio ............................................... − * − − − −100.0 −

Wisconsin ...................................... 43 10 − − − 327.3 −

West North Central ......................... 414 382 80 * * 8.5 NM

Iowa ............................................... −−− * * − −

Kansas ........................................... 2 − − − −− −

Missouri ......................................... 412 382 79 − − 8.0 −

Nebraska ....................................... − * * − − −100.0 −

South Atlantic .................................. − 159 32 − − −100.0 −

Florida ............................................ − 155 32 − − −100.0 −

West Virginia ................................. − 4 − − − −100.0 −

East South Central ......................... 218 − − − −− −

Tennessee .................................... 218 − − − −− −

West South Central ........................ 33 − − − −− −

Texas ............................................. 33 − − − −− −

Mountain .......................................... 15,793 15,456 15,289 16,632 17,080 2.2 −1.9

Arizona ........................................... 86 89 101 111 93 −3.5 −2.0

Colorado ........................................ 4 14 34 19 66 −71.0 −50.6

Idaho .............................................. 59 95 61 89 80 −37.6 −7.0

Montana ........................................ 29 42 42 34 38 −29.5 −6.5

Nevada .......................................... 2,027 1,781 1,979 2,711 2,619 13.8 −6.2

Utah ............................................... 13,586 13,418 13,035 13,605 14,107 1.3 −.9

Wyoming ........................................ 2 18 37 62 78 −89.4 −60.5

Pacific ............................................... 3,317 2,843 3,143 2,708 2,607 16.7 6.2

California ....................................... 3,074 2,575 2,777 2,556 2,466 19.4 5.7

Oregon ........................................... 127 123 113 2 2 3.9 201.1

Washington ................................... 115 145 253 150 139 −20.6 −4.6

Washington ....................................... 4,731 4,621 5,020 4,894 4,893 2.4 −.8

Pacific ............................................... 4,731 4,621 5,020 4,894 4,893 2.4 −.8

Washington ................................... 4,731 4,621 5,020 4,894 4,893 2.4 −.8

Wyoming ............................................ 234,016 210,739 188,983 193,425 183,712 11.0 6.2

New England ................................... * 14 − * − −99.8 −

Connecticut ................................... * − − * −− −

Massachusetts .............................. − 14 − − − −100.0 −

Middle Atlantic ................................. − − * 9 −− −

New York ...................................... −−− 9 −− −

Pennsylvania ................................. − − * − −− −

East North Central .......................... 42,685 37,648 30,920 31,402 28,688 13.4 10.4

Illinois ............................................. 9,779 7,593 4,417 4,394 3,534 28.8 29.0

Indiana ........................................... 15,417 12,635 11,804 11,967 11,561 22.0 7.5

Michigan ........................................ 4,267 4,487 2,948 2,762 2,373 −4.9 15.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 99 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change

 and State 1993-1994 1990-1994

Wyoming (Continued)

Ohio ............................................... − − 124 45 −− −

Wisconsin ...................................... 13,221 12,934 11,627 12,234 11,220 2.2 4.2

West North Central ......................... 67,523 61,641 52,269 53,239 51,682 9.5 6.9

Iowa ............................................... 15,505 15,950 14,056 14,614 13,491 −2.8 3.5

Kansas ........................................... 16,490 16,484 13,526 14,016 15,731 * 1.2

Minnesota ...................................... 9,911 9,093 8,385 7,531 8,133 9.0 5.1

Missouri ......................................... 16,112 10,815 7,958 7,976 5,912 49.0 28.5

Nebraska ....................................... 8,908 8,801 7,882 8,583 7,950 1.2 2.9

North Dakota ................................ − 5 5 * * −100.0 −

South Dakota ................................ 597 493 456 519 464 21.1 6.5

South Atlantic .................................. 5,836 938 12 1,128 2,207 NM 27.5

Florida ............................................ 93 − 12 − −− −

Georgia .......................................... 4,914 726 − 1,128 2,205 NM 22.2

Maryland ........................................ 829 213 − − − 289.8 −

West Virginia ................................. − − − − 2 − −

East South Central ......................... 594 317 156 991 430 87.5 8.4

Alabama ........................................ 251 − − 115 217 − 3.7

Kentucky ........................................ − 248 1 238 213 −100.0 −

Mississippi ..................................... − − 83 − −− −

Tennessee .................................... 342 68 72 639 − 402.0 −

West South Central ........................ 80,246 76,692 72,339 72,484 67,385 4.6 4.5

Arkansas ....................................... 12,184 10,826 11,571 12,268 10,898 12.5 2.8

Louisiana ....................................... 11,215 11,133 10,039 9,690 9,030 .7 5.6

Oklahoma ...................................... 17,577 16,726 16,733 15,489 13,920 5.1 6.0

Texas ............................................. 39,270 38,007 33,995 35,036 33,537 3.3 4.0

Mountain .......................................... 34,935 32,195 33,165 32,177 31,850 8.5 2.3

Arizona ........................................... − 5 − − − −100.0 −

Colorado ........................................ 5,132 5,538 4,952 5,321 5,359 −7.3 −1.1

Idaho .............................................. 337 343 393 455 424 −1.7 −5.6

Montana ........................................ 119 37 44 104 102 218.1 4.0

Nevada .......................................... 1,014 753 802 797 575 34.7 15.2

Utah ............................................... − − 586 216 4 − −

Wyoming ........................................ 28,334 25,519 26,388 25,284 25,387 11.0 2.8

Pacific ............................................... 2,198 1,271 120 1,982 1,439 72.9 11.2

California ....................................... −−− 58 1 − −

Oregon ........................................... 2,197 1,270 114 1,892 1,059 73.0 20.0

Washington ................................... 1 1 6 33 379 −25.1 −77.3

U.S. Total .............................................. 949,843 883,934 897,267 885,882 919,589 7.5 .8

New England ................................... 4,963 4,141 7,717 6,276 5,558 19.8 −2.8

Connecticut ................................... 976 695 1,003 1,012 1,119 40.3 −3.4

Maine ............................................. 463 405 866 209 105 14.4 45.1

Massachusetts .............................. 2,538 1,840 4,634 3,737 3,284 37.9 −6.2

New Hampshire ............................ 978 1,192 1,189 1,302 1,037 −18.0 −1.5

Rhode Island ................................ 3 3 5 4 5 .9 −10.9

Vermont ......................................... 5 6 20 12 8 −15.9 −10.9

Middle Atlantic ................................. 69,737 64,421 73,087 69,990 77,427 8.3 −2.6

New Jersey ................................... 2,163 2,169 2,433 1,878 2,163 −.3 *

New York ...................................... 11,664 10,950 13,977 13,666 14,978 6.5 −6.1

Pennsylvania ................................. 55,910 51,302 56,677 54,446 60,287 9.0 −1.9

East North Central .......................... 214,903 196,343 201,713 202,545 214,175 9.4 .1

Illinois ............................................. 38,745 34,433 31,186 33,031 32,461 12.5 4.5

Indiana ........................................... 63,589 54,452 60,970 57,105 61,056 16.8 1.0

Michigan ........................................ 33,487 30,041 30,363 32,046 34,474 11.5 −.7

Ohio ............................................... 56,850 56,755 58,716 58,752 65,939 .2 −3.6

Wisconsin ...................................... 22,231 20,662 20,477 21,611 20,245 7.6 2.4

West North Central ......................... 126,407 116,337 113,921 115,949 117,270 8.7 1.9

Iowa ............................................... 18,259 18,950 16,988 18,212 18,336 −3.6 −.1

Kansas ........................................... 18,097 17,002 14,801 15,599 17,447 6.4 .9

Minnesota ...................................... 20,498 18,166 17,224 18,051 18,590 12.8 2.5

Missouri ......................................... 27,278 19,921 24,207 24,602 24,734 36.9 2.5

Nebraska ....................................... 9,055 9,011 8,093 8,796 8,142 .5 2.7

North Dakota ................................ 30,290 30,642 30,022 27,831 27,490 −1.1 2.4

South Dakota ................................ 2,929 2,646 2,586 2,859 2,531 10.7 3.7

South Atlantic .................................. 161,029 141,701 145,219 143,809 157,243 13.6 .6

Delaware ....................................... 2,309 2,242 1,913 2,219 2,420 3.0 −1.2

District of Columbia ..................... 47 51 50 66 69 −8.5 −9.4

See footnotes at end of table.

100 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change

 and State 1993-1994 1990-1994

U.S. Total (Continued)

Florida ............................................ 23,757 21,446 24,351 23,378 24,396 10.8 −0.7

Georgia .......................................... 30,497 25,101 24,242 25,418 28,791 21.5 1.4

Maryland ........................................ 10,959 10,063 9,735 10,712 11,776 8.9 −1.8

North Carolina .............................. 26,199 25,621 25,801 22,054 24,036 2.3 2.2

South Carolina .............................. 13,454 11,749 11,338 11,332 11,100 14.5 4.9

Virginia ........................................... 16,735 16,084 14,915 15,159 14,332 4.0 3.9

West Virginia ................................. 37,071 29,343 32,874 33,473 40,324 26.3 −2.1

East South Central ......................... 99,350 97,057 92,761 89,160 94,255 2.4 1.3

Alabama ........................................ 30,210 28,698 28,741 28,739 27,842 5.3 2.1

Kentucky ........................................ 35,636 35,461 33,497 31,656 38,401 .5 −1.8

Mississippi ..................................... 4,446 3,421 3,965 3,966 4,098 30.0 2.1

Tennessee .................................... 29,057 29,477 26,559 24,799 23,914 −1.4 5.0

West South Central ........................ 142,136 139,664 134,770 134,870 130,709 1.8 2.1

Arkansas ....................................... 12,501 11,094 11,807 12,481 11,069 12.7 3.1

Louisiana ....................................... 15,844 14,524 13,539 13,392 12,974 9.1 5.1

Oklahoma ...................................... 19,210 18,777 18,362 17,136 15,388 2.3 5.7

Texas ............................................. 94,581 95,269 91,062 91,862 91,277 −.7 .9

Mountain .......................................... 115,311 109,200 110,007 108,329 107,137 5.6 1.9

Arizona ........................................... 19,169 19,039 16,944 17,691 16,025 .7 4.6

Colorado ........................................ 17,274 16,821 16,333 16,352 16,222 2.7 1.6

Idaho .............................................. 400 438 456 556 525 −8.8 −6.6

Montana ........................................ 10,729 9,194 11,245 10,924 9,883 16.7 2.1

Nevada .......................................... 7,777 7,621 7,926 8,572 7,407 2.1 1.2

New Mexico .................................. 15,549 15,022 14,899 13,194 15,296 3.5 .4

Utah ............................................... 16,015 15,493 15,707 15,619 16,228 3.4 −.3

Wyoming ........................................ 28,399 25,571 26,497 25,421 25,551 11.1 2.7

Pacific ............................................... 12,228 10,791 11,844 10,664 10,177 13.3 4.7

Alaska ............................................ 789 855 797 811 783 −7.7 .2

California ....................................... 3,096 2,608 2,955 2,833 2,861 18.7 2.0

Oregon ........................................... 2,347 1,761 2,062 1,893 1,061 33.2 22.0

Washington ................................... 5,996 5,567 6,030 5,127 5,472 7.7 2.3

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 101 
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change and Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994

Alabama ................................................ 4,529 5,888 5,931 7,012 8,190 −23.1 −13.8

Albania ................................................ − − 22 63 70 − −

Argentina ............................................. 278 351 170 223 283 −20.8 −.5

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 577 952 856 1,074 1,411 −39.5 −20.0

Brazil .................................................... 44 212 − 112 173 −79.2 −29.0

Bulgaria ............................................... 37 120 − − − −69.3 −

China (Taiwan) ................................... − 46 49 87 − −100.0 −

France ................................................. * − − − 125 − −94.7

Hong Kong ......................................... −−− 89 −− −

Italy ...................................................... 586 * 138 443 429 NM 8.1

Japan ................................................... 1,280 2,422 2,536 2,920 3,463 −47.2 −22.0

Morocco .............................................. − 43 − − − −100.0 −

Netherlands ........................................ 91 − 77 − 40 − 22.6

Romania .............................................. 563 188 199 373 594 199.3 −1.4

South Africa, Rep of ......................... − − 229 − −− −

Spain ................................................... 28 − − − −− −

Turkey ................................................. 143 278 459 386 374 −48.8 −21.4

United Kingdom ................................. 905 1,277 1,197 1,213 1,226 −29.2 −7.3

Yugoslavia .......................................... −−− 29 −− −

Alaska .................................................... 716 743 734 672 797 −3.6 −2.6

Korea, Republic of ............................. 716 743 734 672 797 −3.6 −2.6

Colorado ............................................... 752 1,128 669 625 367 −33.3 19.7

China (Taiwan) ................................... 134 − − − −− −

Hong Kong ......................................... 46 − − − −− −

Japan ................................................... 395 918 669 625 367 −57.0 1.9

Korea, Republic of ............................. 177 209 − − −−15.3 −

Illinois .................................................... 236 670 1,242 1,263 370 −64.8 −10.6

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... − − 58 79 24 − −

Brazil .................................................... − − 298 249 79 − −

Canada ................................................ −−− 4 −− −

Denmark ............................................. − − 45 − −− −

France ................................................. − − − − 46 − −

Ireland ................................................. − 108 213 225 95 −100.0 −

Japan ................................................... 236 109 53 59 6 115.8 151.8

Korea, Republic of ............................. − − 50 34 33 − −

Morocco .............................................. − 452 350 464 − −100.0 −

Netherlands ........................................ − − − − 23 − −

Spain ................................................... − − − − 11 − −

United Kingdom ................................. − − 175 148 42 − −

Venezuela ........................................... − − − − 11 − −

Kentucky ............................................... 7,167 9,521 14,036 15,478 15,690 −24.7 −17.8

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 583 601 651 973 1,255 −3.0 −17.5

Brazil .................................................... 29 478 110 77 351 −94.0 −46.6

Canada ................................................ 1,099 1,416 2,078 1,560 1,727 −22.3 −10.7

China (Taiwan) ................................... 3,260 4,419 3,758 4,329 3,751 −26.2 −3.4

Denmark ............................................. − 40 193 779 521 −100.0 −

Finland ................................................ − 2 − − − −100.0 −

France ................................................. 196 446 1,764 2,304 459 −56.0 −19.1

Greece ................................................ −−− 91 −− −

Honduras ............................................ −−− * −− −

Iceland ................................................. 9 − 35 − 62 − −38.4

Ireland ................................................. − 19 379 13 − −100.0 −

Italy ...................................................... 993 998 930 1,013 3,551 −.4 −27.3

Jamaica ............................................... 32 47 39 59 59 −32.5 −14.4

Japan ................................................... 124 328 342 539 596 −62.2 −32.5

Netherlands ........................................ 331 294 2,229 1,649 1,308 12.6 −29.1

Norway ................................................ 91 110 110 158 169 −17.8 −14.3

Portugal ............................................... 30 − − 183 −− −

Soviet Union ....................................... −−− 64 −− −

Spain ................................................... − − 111 170 30 − −

Sweden ............................................... 19 238 514 343 270 −91.8 −48.2

Turkey ................................................. − − 170 260 787 − −

United Kingdom ................................. 371 86 581 835 706 332.0 −14.9

Yugoslavia .......................................... − − 42 79 90 − −

See footnotes at end of table.

102 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change and Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994

Pennsylvania ........................................ 6,301 5,508 6,440 7,303 6,884 14.4 −2.2

Argentina ............................................. − 46 − − − −100.0 −

Australia .............................................. − − − − * − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 29 − 91 305 244 − −41.2

Brazil .................................................... 338 156 101 23 4 117.0 205.1

Bulgaria ............................................... − 71 73 106 − −100.0 −

Canada ................................................ 844 597 1,599 2,338 2,692 41.3 −25.2

Chile .................................................... − − 38 206 278 − −

China (Taiwan) ................................... − − − − * − −

Costa Rica .......................................... − − * * −− −

Croatia ................................................. − 45 − − − −100.0 −

Denmark ............................................. 508 187 1,456 794 1,193 172.4 −19.2

Dominican Republic .......................... 65 59 158 201 90 9.5 −7.8

Finland ................................................ 71 56 − − − 26.5 −

France ................................................. − 188 186 − 25 −100.0 −

Germany ............................................. 197 102 153 29 97 92.9 19.4

Honduras ............................................ − − − − * − −

Indonesia ............................................ − − * − −− −

Ireland ................................................. 1,015 911 − − − 11.4 −

Israel .................................................... 922 940 1,101 986 496 −2.0 16.8

Italy ...................................................... 601 164 − − − 266.2 −

Japan ................................................... 834 1,384 931 1,388 867 −39.7 −1.0

Korea, Republic of ............................. 214 91 −−− 135.8 −

Malaysia .............................................. − − * * * − −

Mexico ................................................. − − 18 3 −− −

Morocco .............................................. −−− 185 561 − −

Netherlands ........................................ 261 − 2 − 3 − 217.9

New Zealand ...................................... − − − − * − −

Norway ................................................ 14 30 49 66 40 −53.6 −22.8

Panama ............................................... − − * * * − −

Paraguay ............................................. − − 3 − −− −

Portugal ............................................... 378 467 305 491 243 −19.2 11.6

Qatar ................................................... − − * − −− −

Saudi Arabia ....................................... − * − − * −100.0 −

Sierra Leone ....................................... − − − − * − −

Singapore ............................................ −−− * * − −

Spain ................................................... −−− 129 −− −

Surinam ............................................... − * * − − −100.0 −

Sweden ............................................... − − 1 − −− −

Trinidad & Tobago ............................. − 122 − −100.0 −

Turkey ................................................. −−− 11 8 − −

United Arab Emirates ........................ − * − − −−100.0 −

United Kingdom ................................. − * − * 32 −100.0 −

Venezuela ........................................... 11 15 39 39 12 −23.1 −1.3

Yugoslavia .......................................... − − 134 − −− −

Utah ....................................................... 2,698 2,959 2,260 2,086 1,751 −8.8 11.4

Canada ................................................ − 346 − − − −100.0 −

China (Taiwan) ................................... 321 849 721 506 560 −62.2 −13.0

France ................................................. − − − − 16 − −

Hong Kong ......................................... − − 359 433 111 − −

Indonesia ............................................ −−− * −− −

Japan ................................................... 2,377 1,764 1,180 1,147 1,063 34.7 22.3

Mexico ................................................. − * − − − −100.0 −

Virginia .................................................. 11,683 14,251 17,224 18,105 19,174 −18.0 −11.6

Albania ................................................ −−− 20 43 − −

Algeria ................................................. 250 466 665 427 409 −46.3 −11.5

Argentina ............................................. 49 70 − 59 59 −29.3 −4.3

Austria ................................................. −−− 104 265 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 822 1,447 2,629 2,472 2,657 −43.2 −25.4

Brazil .................................................... 1,131 2,469 2,803 2,667 2,908 −54.2 −21.0

Bulgaria ............................................... − 328 214 349 − −100.0 −

Canada ................................................ 786 1,229 1,331 1,404 1,244 −36.1 −10.8

China (Taiwan) ................................... −−− 13 −− −

Croatia ................................................. − 339 − − − −100.0 −

Denmark ............................................. − − 74 − 64 − −

Egypt ................................................... 405 316 297 182 125 28.2 34.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 103 
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change and Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994

Virginia (Continued)

France ................................................. 523 822 869 1,027 1,079 −36.3 −16.5

Germany ............................................. 9 68 47 22 − −87.4 −

Iceland ................................................. −−− 34 −− −

Ireland ................................................. −−− 12 −− −

Italy ...................................................... 1,676 1,903 1,674 2,072 2,671 −11.9 −11.0

Japan ................................................... 1,964 403 710 474 1,444 387.4 8.0

Korea, Republic of ............................. 1,287 1,675 1,893 1,973 1,105 −23.2 3.9

Netherlands ........................................ 712 546 1,176 1,641 1,767 30.2 −20.3

Norway ................................................ −−− 31 29 − −

Portugal ............................................... 85 − 353 298 217 − −20.9

Romania .............................................. 207 − 180 61 458 − −18.0

Spain ................................................... 1,205 1,782 1,352 1,343 1,688 −32.4 −8.1

Sweden ............................................... 34 − − 96 −− −

Turkey ................................................. −−− 470 97 − −

United Kingdom ................................. 538 389 902 745 641 38.2 −4.3

Yugoslavia .......................................... − − 54 108 206 − −

West Virginia ....................................... 36,205 33,159 50,806 53,792 48,733 9.2 −7.2

Albania ................................................ −−− 20 73 − −

Algeria ................................................. * − − * −− −

Argentina ............................................. 35 110 149 113 309 −67.8 −41.8

Austria ................................................. − − − − 10 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 2,307 1,911 1,380 1,624 2,446 20.7 −1.4

Brazil .................................................... 4,101 2,101 2,597 3,415 1,730 95.1 24.1

Bulgaria ............................................... 1,568 535 546 440 90 193.4 104.1

Canada ................................................ 5,644 4,108 8,911 7,464 6,992 37.4 −5.2

Chile .................................................... −−− 27 129 − −

China (Taiwan) ................................... 308 117 250 229 782 162.4 −20.8

Croatia ................................................. − 52 151 − − −100.0 −

Denmark ............................................. − 140 2,116 3,638 1,748 −100.0 −

Egypt ................................................... 592 499 491 510 560 18.7 1.4

Finland ................................................ 375 176 183 517 98 113.2 39.9

France ................................................. 3,492 3,140 5,984 5,600 4,676 11.2 −7.0

Germany ............................................. 381 527 846 1,353 746 −27.7 −15.4

Greece ................................................ − − − − 30 − −

Iceland ................................................. − − 7 5 −− −

Ireland ................................................. − 97 726 764 1,037 −100.0 −

Israel .................................................... − − 185 150 198 − −

Italy ...................................................... 3,626 3,476 5,973 7,141 5,544 4.3 −10.1

Japan ................................................... 2,590 4,437 5,388 5,050 5,259 −41.6 −16.2

Korea, Republic of ............................. 575 660 513 558 1,806 −12.9 −24.9

Morocco .............................................. 101 66 150 182 185 53.5 −14.1

Netherlands ........................................ 3,333 3,269 4,023 4,174 3,801 2.0 −3.2

Nigeria ................................................. − 36 − − − −100.0 −

Norway ................................................ − − 13 − −− −

Portugal ............................................... 673 950 849 799 1,441 −29.2 −17.3

Romania .............................................. 923 598 332 621 615 54.3 10.7

Slovenia .............................................. − − 61 − −− −

South Africa, Rep of ......................... 769 479 360 218 68 60.4 83.3

Spain ................................................... 1,253 1,371 1,610 1,840 1,735 −8.6 −7.8

Sweden ............................................... 885 501 723 758 658 76.7 7.7

Turkey ................................................. 1,465 1,137 1,261 707 962 28.8 11.1

United Kingdom ................................. 1,210 2,668 4,644 5,146 4,377 −54.6 −27.5

Yugoslavia .......................................... − − 385 730 629 − −

Wyoming ............................................... 1,524 974 1,277 982 674 56.5 22.6

Canada ................................................ −−− 20 62 − −

Japan ................................................... − * − * − −100.0 −

Spain ................................................... 1,524 974 1,277 791 − 56.5 −

Yugoslavia .......................................... −−− 170 −− −

Unknown ............................................. − − − − 612 − −

Major States Total .............................. 71,811 74,801 100,619 107,318 102,630 −4.0 −8.5

Albania ................................................ − − 22 103 187 − −

Algeria ................................................. 250 466 665 427 409 −46.3 −11.5

Argentina ............................................. 362 576 319 395 651 −37.1 −13.6

Australia .............................................. − − − − * − −

See footnotes at end of table.

104 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change and Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994

Major States Total (Continued)

Austria ................................................. −−− 104 275 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 4,317 4,911 5,665 6,527 8,037 −12.1 −14.4

Brazil .................................................... 5,642 5,416 5,909 6,543 5,245 4.2 1.8

Bulgaria ............................................... 1,605 1,052 833 896 90 52.5 105.3

Canada ................................................ 8,373 7,696 13,919 12,790 12,716 8.8 −9.9

Chile .................................................... − − 38 233 407 − −

China (Taiwan) ................................... 4,023 5,430 4,778 5,165 5,093 −25.9 −5.7

Costa Rica .......................................... − − * * −− −

Croatia ................................................. − 437 151 − − −100.0 −

Denmark ............................................. 508 366 3,885 5,211 3,527 38.9 −38.4

Dominican Republic .......................... 65 59 158 201 90 9.5 −7.8

Egypt ................................................... 997 814 789 692 685 22.4 9.8

Finland ................................................ 445 234 183 517 98 90.3 46.1

France ................................................. 4,211 4,595 8,804 8,930 6,426 −8.4 −10.0

Germany ............................................. 586 697 1,045 1,405 843 −15.8 −8.7

Greece ................................................ −−− 91 30 − −

Honduras ............................................ −−− * * − −

Hong Kong ......................................... 46 − 359 522 111 − −20.0

Iceland ................................................. 9 − 42 39 62 − −38.4

Indonesia ............................................ − − * * −− −

Ireland ................................................. 1,015 1,135 1,317 1,015 1,132 −10.6 −2.7

Israel .................................................... 922 940 1,286 1,136 693 −2.0 7.4

Italy ...................................................... 7,483 6,540 8,715 10,670 12,195 14.4 −11.5

Jamaica ............................................... 32 47 39 59 59 −32.5 −14.4

Japan ................................................... 9,799 11,765 11,808 12,203 13,064 −16.7 −6.9

Korea, Republic of ............................. 2,970 3,378 3,190 3,237 3,742 −12.1 −5.6

Malaysia .............................................. − − * * * − −

Mexico ................................................. − * 18 3 − −100.0 −

Morocco .............................................. 101 561 500 830 745 −82.1 −39.4

Netherlands ........................................ 4,728 4,109 7,506 7,463 6,942 15.1 −9.2

New Zealand ...................................... − − − − * − −

Nigeria ................................................. − 36 − − − −100.0 −

Norway ................................................ 105 141 172 254 237 −25.6 −18.5

Panama ............................................... − − * * * − −

Paraguay ............................................. − − 3 − −− −

Portugal ............................................... 1,165 1,417 1,507 1,772 1,902 −17.8 −11.5

Qatar ................................................... − − * − −− −

Romania .............................................. 1,693 786 711 1,055 1,667 115.3 .4

Saudi Arabia ....................................... − * − − * −100.0 −

Sierra Leone ....................................... − − − − * − −

Singapore ............................................ −−− * * − −

Slovenia .............................................. − − 61 − −− −

South Africa, Rep of ......................... 769 479 589 218 68 60.4 83.3

Soviet Union ....................................... −−− 64 −− −

Spain ................................................... 4,009 4,127 4,349 4,274 3,463 −2.9 3.7

Surinam ............................................... − * * − − −100.0 −

Sweden ............................................... 938 738 1,238 1,197 928 27.1 .3

Trinidad & Tobago ............................. − 122 − −100.0 −

Turkey ................................................. 1,608 1,416 1,890 1,834 2,227 13.6 −7.8

United Arab Emirates ........................ − * − − −−100.0 −

United Kingdom ................................. 3,023 4,420 7,500 8,087 7,025 −31.6 −19.0

Venezuela ........................................... 11 15 39 39 23 −23.1 −16.0

Yugoslavia .......................................... − − 615 1,116 924 − −

Unknown ............................................. − − − − 612 − −

Other States Total .............................. 870 709 761 947 1,716 22.7 −15.6

Brazil .................................................... 184 295 − − − −37.6 −

Canada ................................................ 93 55 * 38 473 70.1 −33.4

China (Taiwan) ................................... − − − − 107 − −

France ................................................. − − 10 39 −− −

Ireland ................................................. − − 10 − 22 − −

Italy ...................................................... − − − − 3 − −

Japan ................................................... −−− 202 −− −

Mexico ................................................. − 11 − − − −100.0 −

Spain ................................................... 153 − 52 258 155 − −.2

Turkey ................................................. − − − − 2 − −

United Kingdom ................................. − − 4 − 24 − −

Unknown ............................................. 439 348 685 410 931 26.0 −17.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 105 
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change and Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994

U.S. Total .............................................. 72,680 75,510 101,380 108,264 104,346 −3.8 −8.6

Albania ................................................ − − 22 103 187 − −

Algeria ................................................. 250 466 665 427 409 −46.3 −11.5

Argentina ............................................. 362 576 319 395 651 −37.1 −13.6

Australia .............................................. − − − − * − −

Austria ................................................. −−− 104 275 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 4,317 4,911 5,665 6,527 8,037 −12.1 −14.4

Brazil .................................................... 5,826 5,711 5,909 6,543 5,245 2.0 2.7

Bulgaria ............................................... 1,605 1,052 833 896 90 52.5 105.3

Canada ................................................ 8,467 7,751 13,919 12,828 13,189 9.2 −10.5

Chile .................................................... − − 38 233 407 − −

China (Taiwan) ................................... 4,023 5,430 4,778 5,165 5,200 −25.9 −6.2

Costa Rica .......................................... − − * * −− −

Croatia ................................................. − 437 151 − − −100.0 −

Denmark ............................................. 508 366 3,885 5,211 3,527 38.9 −38.4

Dominican Republic .......................... 65 59 158 201 90 9.5 −7.8

Egypt ................................................... 997 814 789 692 685 22.4 9.8

Finland ................................................ 445 234 183 517 98 90.3 46.1

France ................................................. 4,211 4,595 8,813 8,969 6,426 −8.4 −10.0

Germany ............................................. 586 697 1,045 1,405 843 −15.8 −8.7

Greece ................................................ −−− 91 30 − −

Honduras ............................................ −−− * * − −

Hong Kong ......................................... 46 − 359 522 111 − −20.0

Iceland ................................................. 9 − 42 39 62 − −38.4

Indonesia ............................................ − − * * −− −

Ireland ................................................. 1,015 1,135 1,327 1,015 1,154 −10.6 −3.2

Israel .................................................... 922 940 1,286 1,136 693 −2.0 7.4

Italy ...................................................... 7,483 6,540 8,715 10,670 12,198 14.4 −11.5

Jamaica ............................................... 32 47 39 59 59 −32.5 −14.4

Japan ................................................... 9,799 11,765 11,808 12,405 13,064 −16.7 −6.9

Korea, Republic of ............................. 2,970 3,378 3,190 3,237 3,742 −12.1 −5.6

Malaysia .............................................. − − * * * − −

Mexico ................................................. − 11 18 3 − −100.0 −

Morocco .............................................. 101 561 500 830 745 −82.1 −39.4

Netherlands ........................................ 4,728 4,109 7,506 7,463 6,942 15.1 −9.2

New Zealand ...................................... − − − − * − −

Nigeria ................................................. − 36 − − − −100.0 −

Norway ................................................ 105 141 172 254 237 −25.6 −18.5

Panama ............................................... − − * * * − −

Paraguay ............................................. − − 3 − −− −

Portugal ............................................... 1,165 1,417 1,507 1,772 1,902 −17.8 −11.5

Qatar ................................................... − − * − −− −

Romania .............................................. 1,693 786 711 1,055 1,667 115.3 .4

Saudi Arabia ....................................... − * − − * −100.0 −

Sierra Leone ....................................... − − − − * − −

Singapore ............................................ −−− * * − −

Slovenia .............................................. − − 61 − −− −

South Africa, Rep of ......................... 769 479 589 218 68 60.4 83.3

Soviet Union ....................................... −−− 64 −− −

Spain ................................................... 4,163 4,127 4,401 4,531 3,618 .9 3.6

Surinam ............................................... − * * − − −100.0 −

Sweden ............................................... 938 738 1,238 1,197 928 27.1 .3

Trinidad & Tobago ............................. − 122 − −100.0 −

Turkey ................................................. 1,608 1,416 1,890 1,834 2,230 13.6 −7.8

United Arab Emirates ........................ − * − − −−100.0 −

United Kingdom ................................. 3,023 4,420 7,504 8,087 7,048 −31.6 −19.1

Venezuela ........................................... 11 15 39 39 23 −23.1 −16.0

Yugoslavia .......................................... − − 615 1,116 924 − −

Unknown ............................................. 439 348 685 410 1,543 26.0 −26.9

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500.

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those with total coal exports of over 600 thousand short tons in 1993. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report,’’ and coal export data presented in King’s COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee).

See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico are

based upon Form EIA-6.

106 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change and Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994

Alabama ................................................ 4,353 5,841 5,789 6,476 7,724 −25.5 −13.4

Albania ................................................ − − 22 63 70 − −

Argentina ............................................. 278 351 170 223 283 −20.8 −.5

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 577 952 856 1,074 1,411 −39.5 −20.0

Brazil .................................................... 44 212 − 112 173 −79.2 −29.0

Bulgaria ............................................... 37 120 − − − −69.3 −

China (Taiwan) ................................... − 46 49 87 − −100.0 −

France ................................................. * − − − 125 − −94.7

Italy ...................................................... 437 * * − 83 NM 51.5

Japan ................................................... 1,280 2,418 2,532 2,917 3,456 −47.1 −22.0

Netherlands ........................................ 91 − 77 − −− −

Romania .............................................. 563 188 199 373 594 199.3 −1.4

South Africa, Rep of ......................... − − 229 − −− −

Turkey ................................................. 143 278 459 386 374 −48.8 −21.4

United Kingdom ................................. 905 1,277 1,197 1,213 1,154 −29.2 −5.9

Yugoslavia .......................................... −−− 29 −− −

Colorado ............................................... − − − − 290 − −100.0

Japan ................................................... − − − − 290 − −

Illinois .................................................... 236 109 614 546 237 115.8 −.1

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... − − 58 79 24 − −

Brazil .................................................... − − 298 249 79 − −

France ................................................. − − − − 46 − −

Japan ................................................... 236 109 32 36 2 115.8 232.9

Korea, Republic of ............................. − − 50 34 33 − −

United Kingdom ................................. − − 175 148 42 − −

Venezuela ........................................... − − − − 11 − −

Kentucky ............................................... 2,180 3,310 4,971 4,354 7,104 −34.1 −25.6

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 81 68 − 546 632 19.5 −40.1

Brazil .................................................... 29 478 110 77 299 −94.0 −44.4

Canada ................................................ 1,073 1,356 1,373 1,125 1,106 −20.9 −.8

China (Taiwan) ................................... 120 171 139 198 237 −29.4 −15.6

France ................................................. 196 122 202 23 125 60.6 11.8

Iceland ................................................. 9 − 35 − 45 − −33.3

Italy ...................................................... 52 121 22 54 1,275 −56.6 −55.0

Japan ................................................... 83 266 342 506 596 −68.8 −38.9

Netherlands ........................................ 55 294 1,613 866 877 −81.2 −49.9

Norway ................................................ 91 110 110 83 156 −17.8 −12.6

Soviet Union ....................................... −−− 64 −− −

Spain ................................................... −−− 29 11 − −

Sweden ............................................... 19 238 514 287 270 −91.8 −48.2

Turkey ................................................. − − 170 260 787 − −

United Kingdom ................................. 371 86 299 156 598 332.0 −11.3

Yugoslavia .......................................... − − 42 79 90 − −

Pennsylvania ........................................ 1,624 1,919 1,266 1,331 522 −15.4 32.8

Argentina ............................................. − 46 − − − −100.0 −

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 29 − − − −− −

Brazil .................................................... 333 148 90 − − 124.6 −

Bulgaria ............................................... − 71 73 106 − −100.0 −

Canada ................................................ − 10 − 8 42 −100.0 −

Chile .................................................... − − 38 − −− −

Dominican Republic .......................... 23 − − − −− −

Finland ................................................ − 56 − − − −100.0 −

Germany ............................................. 174 − − − −− −

Honduras ............................................ − − − − * − −

Italy ...................................................... − 114 − − − −100.0 −

Japan ................................................... 834 1,384 931 1,217 448 −39.7 16.8

Korea, Republic of ............................. 214 91 −−− 135.8 −

Netherlands ........................................ 17 − − − −− −

United Kingdom ................................. − − − − 32 − −

Yugoslavia .......................................... − − 134 − −− −

Utah ....................................................... − − − − 190 − −100.0

France ................................................. − − − − 16 − −

Japan ................................................... − − − − 174 − −

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 107 
Table 63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change and Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994

Virginia .................................................. 11,193 13,512 14,021 14,404 16,435 −17.2 −9.2

Albania ................................................ −−− 20 43 − −

Algeria ................................................. 250 466 665 427 409 −46.3 −11.5

Argentina ............................................. 49 70 − 59 59 −29.3 −4.3

Austria ................................................. −−− 104 265 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 822 1,447 2,241 2,111 2,405 −43.2 −23.5

Brazil .................................................... 1,131 2,469 2,803 2,667 2,880 −54.2 −20.8

Bulgaria ............................................... − 328 214 349 − −100.0 −

Canada ................................................ 786 1,229 − − − −36.1 −

China (Taiwan) ................................... −−− 13 −− −

Croatia ................................................. − 339 − − − −100.0 −

Egypt ................................................... 405 316 297 182 125 28.2 34.3

France ................................................. 523 822 785 871 992 −36.3 −14.8

Germany ............................................. 9 68 47 22 − −87.4 −

Iceland ................................................. −−− 34 −− −

Italy ...................................................... 1,343 1,286 774 545 2,096 4.4 −10.5

Japan ................................................... 1,893 329 628 474 1,444 474.8 7.0

Korea, Republic of ............................. 1,287 1,675 1,893 1,973 1,105 −23.2 3.9

Netherlands ........................................ 712 498 1,176 1,641 1,551 43.0 −17.7

Norway ................................................ −−− 31 29 − −

Portugal ............................................... − − 91 65 −− −

Romania .............................................. 207 − 180 61 458 − −18.0

Spain ................................................... 1,205 1,782 1,270 1,337 1,688 −32.4 −8.1

Sweden ............................................... 34 − − 96 −− −

Turkey ................................................. −−− 470 97 − −

United Kingdom ................................. 538 389 902 745 585 38.2 −2.1

Yugoslavia .......................................... − − 54 108 206 − −

West Virginia ....................................... 31,612 27,627 35,353 35,891 29,995 14.4 1.3

Albania ................................................ −−− 20 73 − −

Algeria ................................................. * − − * −− −

Argentina ............................................. 35 110 149 113 309 −67.8 −41.8

Austria ................................................. − − − − 10 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 1,299 1,236 280 785 1,002 5.1 6.7

Brazil .................................................... 4,101 2,101 2,597 3,415 1,730 95.1 24.1

Bulgaria ............................................... 1,568 535 546 440 90 193.4 104.1

Canada ................................................ 5,605 4,071 8,021 7,351 5,067 37.7 2.6

Chile .................................................... −−− 27 21 − −

China (Taiwan) ................................... 308 117 250 229 252 162.4 5.1

Croatia ................................................. − 52 151 − − −100.0 −

Egypt ................................................... 592 499 491 510 560 18.7 1.4

Finland ................................................ 375 176 183 388 98 113.2 39.9

France ................................................. 3,492 2,695 3,253 3,194 2,574 29.6 7.9

Germany ............................................. 381 237 278 403 265 60.8 9.5

Iceland ................................................. − − 7 5 −− −

Italy ...................................................... 2,921 2,891 4,737 5,162 3,539 1.0 −4.7

Japan ................................................... 2,143 4,079 5,019 4,560 4,918 −47.5 −18.8

Korea, Republic of ............................. 575 660 513 558 1,778 −12.9 −24.6

Netherlands ........................................ 1,713 2,280 2,860 2,251 1,519 −24.8 3.0

Nigeria ................................................. − 36 − − − −100.0 −

Norway ................................................ − − 13 − −− −

Portugal ............................................... − 126 95 − 175 −100.0 −

Romania .............................................. 923 598 332 490 615 54.3 10.7

South Africa, Rep of ......................... 769 479 360 218 68 60.4 83.3

Spain ................................................... 1,253 1,255 1,372 1,568 1,534 −.2 −4.9

Sweden ............................................... 885 501 723 751 634 76.7 8.7

Turkey ................................................. 1,465 1,137 1,261 707 962 28.8 11.1

United Kingdom ................................. 1,210 1,757 1,476 2,015 1,651 −31.1 −7.5

Yugoslavia .......................................... − − 385 730 551 − −

Major States Total .............................. 51,198 52,318 62,013 63,003 62,496 −2.1 −4.9

Albania ................................................ − − 22 103 187 − −

Algeria ................................................. 250 466 665 427 409 −46.3 −11.5

Argentina ............................................. 362 576 319 395 651 −37.1 −13.6

Austria ................................................. −−− 104 275 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 2,808 3,703 3,435 4,596 5,474 −24.2 −15.4

Brazil .................................................... 5,637 5,409 5,897 6,520 5,161 4.2 2.2

Bulgaria ............................................... 1,605 1,052 833 896 90 52.5 105.3

See footnotes at end of table.

108 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change and Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994

Major States Total (Continued)

Canada ................................................ 7,464 6,666 9,394 8,483 6,215 12.0 4.7

Chile .................................................... − − 38 27 21 − −

China (Taiwan) ................................... 428 334 437 528 489 28.3 −3.3

Croatia ................................................. − 392 151 − − −100.0 −

Dominican Republic .......................... 23 − − − −− −

Egypt ................................................... 997 814 789 692 685 22.4 9.8

Finland ................................................ 375 232 183 388 98 61.8 39.9

France ................................................. 4,211 3,639 4,240 4,088 3,878 15.7 2.1

Germany ............................................. 563 305 324 426 265 84.7 20.7

Honduras ............................................ − − − − * − −

Iceland ................................................. 9 − 42 39 45 − −33.3

Italy ...................................................... 4,753 4,412 5,533 5,761 6,993 7.7 −9.2

Japan ................................................... 6,469 8,586 9,485 9,709 11,327 −24.7 −13.1

Korea, Republic of ............................. 2,076 2,425 2,457 2,565 2,916 −14.4 −8.1

Netherlands ........................................ 2,589 3,071 5,726 4,759 3,948 −15.7 −10.0

Nigeria ................................................. − 36 − − − −100.0 −

Norway ................................................ 91 110 124 114 184 −17.8 −16.2

Portugal ............................................... − 126 187 65 175 −100.0 −

Romania .............................................. 1,693 786 711 924 1,667 115.3 .4

South Africa, Rep of ......................... 769 479 589 218 68 60.4 83.3

Soviet Union ....................................... −−− 64 −− −

Spain ................................................... 2,458 3,037 2,643 2,933 3,233 −19.1 −6.6

Sweden ............................................... 938 738 1,237 1,133 904 27.1 .9

Turkey ................................................. 1,608 1,416 1,890 1,823 2,219 13.6 −7.7

United Kingdom ................................. 3,023 3,509 4,050 4,278 4,062 −13.8 −7.1

Venezuela ........................................... − − − − 11 − −

Yugoslavia .......................................... − − 615 946 846 − −

Other States Total .............................. 184 295 − − 107 −37.6 14.6

Brazil .................................................... 184 295 − − − −37.6 −

China (Taiwan) ................................... − − − − 107 − −

U.S. Total .............................................. 51,382 52,613 62,013 63,003 62,603 −2.3 −4.8

Albania ................................................ − − 22 103 187 − −

Algeria ................................................. 250 466 665 427 409 −46.3 −11.5

Argentina ............................................. 362 576 319 395 651 −37.1 −13.6

Austria ................................................. −−− 104 275 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 2,808 3,703 3,435 4,596 5,474 −24.2 −15.4

Brazil .................................................... 5,821 5,703 5,897 6,520 5,161 2.1 3.0

Bulgaria ............................................... 1,605 1,052 833 896 90 52.5 105.3

Canada ................................................ 7,464 6,666 9,394 8,483 6,215 12.0 4.7

Chile .................................................... − − 38 27 21 − −

China (Taiwan) ................................... 428 334 437 528 596 28.3 −7.9

Croatia ................................................. − 392 151 − − −100.0 −

Dominican Republic .......................... 23 − − − −− −

Egypt ................................................... 997 814 789 692 685 22.4 9.8

Finland ................................................ 375 232 183 388 98 61.8 39.9

France ................................................. 4,211 3,639 4,240 4,088 3,878 15.7 2.1

Germany ............................................. 563 305 324 426 265 84.7 20.7

Honduras ............................................ − − − − * − −

Iceland ................................................. 9 − 42 39 45 − −33.3

Italy ...................................................... 4,753 4,412 5,533 5,761 6,993 7.7 −9.2

Japan ................................................... 6,469 8,586 9,485 9,709 11,327 −24.7 −13.1

Korea, Republic of ............................. 2,076 2,425 2,457 2,565 2,916 −14.4 −8.1

Netherlands ........................................ 2,589 3,071 5,726 4,759 3,948 −15.7 −10.0

Nigeria ................................................. − 36 − − − −100.0 −

Norway ................................................ 91 110 124 114 184 −17.8 −16.2

Portugal ............................................... − 126 187 65 175 −100.0 −

Romania .............................................. 1,693 786 711 924 1,667 115.3 .4

South Africa, Rep of ......................... 769 479 589 218 68 60.4 83.3

Soviet Union ....................................... −−− 64 −− −

Spain ................................................... 2,458 3,037 2,643 2,933 3,233 −19.1 −6.6

Sweden ............................................... 938 738 1,237 1,133 904 27.1 .9

Turkey ................................................. 1,608 1,416 1,890 1,823 2,219 13.6 −7.7

United Kingdom ................................. 3,023 3,509 4,050 4,278 4,062 −13.8 −7.1

Venezuela ........................................... − − − − 11 − −

Yugoslavia .......................................... − − 615 946 846 − −

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500.

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those with total coal exports of over 600 thousand short tons in 1993. Totals may not equal sum of compoEnergy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 109 
Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 267 
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change and Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994

Alabama ................................................ 176 47 142 536 466 275.8 −21.5

Hong Kong ......................................... −−− 89 −− −

Italy ...................................................... 149 − 138 443 346 − −19.0

Japan ................................................... − 4 4 3 7 −100.0 −

Morocco .............................................. − 43 − − − −100.0 −

Netherlands ........................................ − − − − 40 − −

Spain ................................................... 28 − − − −− −

United Kingdom ................................. − − − − 72 − −

Alaska .................................................... 716 743 734 672 797 −3.6 −2.6

Korea, Republic of ............................. 716 743 734 672 797 −3.6 −2.6

Colorado ............................................... 752 1,128 669 625 77 −33.3 76.9

China (Taiwan) ................................... 134 − − − −− −

Hong Kong ......................................... 46 − − − −− −

Japan ................................................... 395 918 669 625 77 −57.0 50.6

Korea, Republic of ............................. 177 209 − − −−15.3 −

Illinois .................................................... − 561 629 717 133 −100.0 −100.0

Canada ................................................ −−− 4 −− −

Denmark ............................................. − − 45 − −− −

Ireland ................................................. − 108 213 225 95 −100.0 −

Japan ................................................... − − 21 24 4 − −

Morocco .............................................. − 452 350 464 − −100.0 −

Netherlands ........................................ − − − − 23 − −

Spain ................................................... − − − − 11 − −

Kentucky ............................................... 4,987 6,212 9,065 11,124 8,586 −19.7 −12.7

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 501 533 651 427 623 −5.9 −5.3

Brazil .................................................... − − − − 52 − −

Canada ................................................ 26 60 705 435 621 −56.2 −54.7

China (Taiwan) ................................... 3,140 4,248 3,620 4,131 3,513 −26.1 −2.8

Denmark ............................................. − 40 193 779 521 −100.0 −

Finland ................................................ − 2 − − − −100.0 −

France ................................................. − 324 1,561 2,281 333 −100.0 −

Greece ................................................ −−− 91 −− −

Honduras ............................................ −−− * −− −

Iceland ................................................. − − − − 17 − −

Ireland ................................................. − 19 379 13 − −100.0 −

Italy ...................................................... 941 877 908 959 2,276 7.3 −19.8

Jamaica ............................................... 32 47 39 59 59 −32.5 −14.4

Japan ................................................... 41 61 − 33 − −33.3 −

Netherlands ........................................ 276 − 616 783 430 − −10.5

Norway ................................................ −−− 75 13 − −

Portugal ............................................... 30 − − 183 −− −

Spain ................................................... − − 111 140 19 − −

Sweden ............................................... −−− 56 −− −

United Kingdom ................................. − − 282 679 107 − −

Pennsylvania ........................................ 4,677 3,589 5,175 5,972 6,362 30.3 −7.4

Australia .............................................. − − − − * − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... − − 91 305 244 − −

Brazil .................................................... 5 7 12 23 4 −33.4 6.2

Canada ................................................ 844 587 1,599 2,330 2,650 43.7 −24.9

Chile .................................................... −−− 206 278 − −

China (Taiwan) ................................... − − − − * − −

Costa Rica .......................................... − − * * −− −

Croatia ................................................. − 45 − − − −100.0 −

Denmark ............................................. 508 187 1,456 794 1,193 172.4 −19.2

Dominican Republic .......................... 42 59 158 201 90 −29.9 −17.6

Finland ................................................ 71 − − − −− −

France ................................................. − 188 186 − 25 −100.0 −

Germany ............................................. 23 102 153 29 97 −77.3 −30.0

Indonesia ............................................ − − * − −− −

Ireland ................................................. 1,015 911 − − − 11.4 −

Israel .................................................... 922 940 1,101 986 496 −2.0 16.8

Italy ...................................................... 601 50 − − − NM −

Japan ................................................... −−− 171 419 − −

Malaysia .............................................. − − * * * − −

See footnotes at end of table.

110 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change and Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994

Pennsylvania (Continued)

Mexico ................................................. − − 18 3 −− −

Morocco .............................................. −−− 185 561 − −

Netherlands ........................................ 244 − 2 − 3 − 212.4

New Zealand ...................................... − − − − * − −

Norway ................................................ 14 30 49 66 40 −53.6 −22.8

Panama ............................................... − − * * * − −

Paraguay ............................................. − − 3 − −− −

Portugal ............................................... 378 467 305 491 243 −19.2 11.6

Qatar ................................................... − − * − −− −

Saudi Arabia ....................................... − * − − * −100.0 −

Sierra Leone ....................................... − − − − * − −

Singapore ............................................ −−− * * − −

Spain ................................................... −−− 129 −− −

Surinam ............................................... − * * − − −100.0 −

Sweden ............................................... − − 1 − −− −

Trinidad & Tobago ............................. − 122 − −100.0 −

Turkey ................................................. −−− 11 8 − −

United Arab Emirates ........................ − * − − −−100.0 −

United Kingdom ................................. − * − * − −100.0 −

Venezuela ........................................... 11 15 39 39 12 −23.1 −1.3

Utah ....................................................... 2,698 2,959 2,260 2,086 1,560 −8.8 14.7

Canada ................................................ − 346 − − − −100.0 −

China (Taiwan) ................................... 321 849 721 506 560 −62.2 −13.0

Hong Kong ......................................... − − 359 433 111 − −

Indonesia ............................................ −−− * −− −

Japan ................................................... 2,377 1,764 1,180 1,147 889 34.7 27.9

Mexico ................................................. − * − − − −100.0 −

Virginia .................................................. 490 739 3,203 3,700 2,740 −33.7 −35.0

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... − − 388 361 252 − −

Brazil .................................................... − − − − 28 − −

Canada ................................................ − − 1,331 1,404 1,244 − −

Denmark ............................................. − − 74 − 64 − −

France ................................................. − − 85 156 87 − −

Ireland ................................................. −−− 12 −− −

Italy ...................................................... 333 616 900 1,528 575 −45.9 −12.7

Japan ................................................... 72 74 81 − − −2.9 −

Netherlands ........................................ − 49 − − 216 −100.0 −

Portugal ............................................... 85 − 262 233 217 − −20.9

Spain ................................................... − − 82 7 −− −

United Kingdom ................................. − − − − 57 − −

West Virginia ....................................... 4,593 5,532 15,453 17,900 18,739 −17.0 −29.6

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 1,008 675 1,100 838 1,444 49.4 −8.6

Canada ................................................ 40 37 890 113 1,925 7.8 −62.1

Chile .................................................... − − − − 108 − −

China (Taiwan) ................................... − − − − 530 − −

Denmark ............................................. − 140 2,116 3,638 1,748 −100.0 −

Finland ................................................ −−− 129 −− −

France ................................................. − 445 2,731 2,405 2,103 −100.0 −

Germany ............................................. − 290 569 950 480 −100.0 −

Greece ................................................ − − − − 30 − −

Ireland ................................................. − 97 726 764 1,037 −100.0 −

Israel .................................................... − − 185 150 198 − −

Italy ...................................................... 705 585 1,236 1,979 2,005 20.6 −23.0

Japan ................................................... 447 358 369 490 341 24.8 7.0

Korea, Republic of ............................. −−−− 28 − −

Morocco .............................................. 101 66 150 182 185 53.5 −14.1

Netherlands ........................................ 1,619 989 1,163 1,922 2,282 63.8 −8.2

Portugal ............................................... 673 824 754 799 1,266 −18.4 −14.6

Romania .............................................. −−− 131 −− −

Slovenia .............................................. − − 61 − −− −

Spain ................................................... − 116 237 272 201 −100.0 −

Sweden ............................................... −−− 7 24 − −

United Kingdom ................................. − 911 3,168 3,131 2,727 −100.0 −

Yugoslavia .......................................... − − − − 78 − −

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 111 
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change and Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994

Wyoming ............................................... 1,524 974 1,277 982 674 56.5 22.6

Canada ................................................ −−− 20 62 − −

Japan ................................................... − * − * − −100.0 −

Spain ................................................... 1,524 974 1,277 791 − 56.5 −

Yugoslavia .......................................... −−− 170 −− −

Unknown ............................................. − − − − 612 − −

Major States Total .............................. 20,612 22,483 38,606 44,314 40,134 −8.3 −15.3

Australia .............................................. − − − − * − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 1,509 1,208 2,230 1,931 2,563 25.0 −12.4

Brazil .................................................... 5 7 12 23 84 −33.4 −50.7

Canada ................................................ 910 1,030 4,525 4,306 6,501 −11.7 −38.8

Chile .................................................... −−− 206 386 − −

China (Taiwan) ................................... 3,595 5,097 4,341 4,637 4,604 −29.5 −6.0

Costa Rica .......................................... − − * * −− −

Croatia ................................................. − 45 − − − −100.0 −

Denmark ............................................. 508 366 3,885 5,211 3,527 38.9 −38.4

Dominican Republic .......................... 42 59 158 201 90 −29.9 −17.6

Finland ................................................ 71 2 − 129 − NM −

France ................................................. − 957 4,563 4,842 2,548 −100.0 −

Germany ............................................. 23 392 721 979 577 −94.1 −55.2

Greece ................................................ −−− 91 30 − −

Honduras ............................................ −−− * −− −

Hong Kong ......................................... 46 − 359 522 111 − −20.0

Iceland ................................................. − − − − 17 − −

Indonesia ............................................ − − * * −− −

Ireland ................................................. 1,015 1,135 1,317 1,015 1,132 −10.6 −2.7

Israel .................................................... 922 940 1,286 1,136 693 −2.0 7.4

Italy ...................................................... 2,730 2,128 3,182 4,909 5,202 28.3 −14.9

Jamaica ............................................... 32 47 39 59 59 −32.5 −14.4

Japan ................................................... 3,331 3,179 2,323 2,493 1,737 4.8 17.7

Korea, Republic of ............................. 894 952 734 672 825 −6.1 2.0

Malaysia .............................................. − − * * * − −

Mexico ................................................. − * 18 3 − −100.0 −

Morocco .............................................. 101 561 500 830 745 −82.1 −39.4

Netherlands ........................................ 2,139 1,038 1,781 2,705 2,994 106.1 −8.1

New Zealand ...................................... − − − − * − −

Norway ................................................ 14 30 49 140 53 −53.6 −28.1

Panama ............................................... − − * * * − −

Paraguay ............................................. − − 3 − −− −

Portugal ............................................... 1,165 1,292 1,320 1,708 1,727 −9.8 −9.4

Qatar ................................................... − − * − −− −

Romania .............................................. −−− 131 −− −

Saudi Arabia ....................................... − * − − * −100.0 −

Sierra Leone ....................................... − − − − * − −

Singapore ............................................ −−− * * − −

Slovenia .............................................. − − 61 − −− −

Spain ................................................... 1,551 1,090 1,707 1,340 230 42.4 61.1

Surinam ............................................... − * * − − −100.0 −

Sweden ............................................... − − 1 64 24 − −

Trinidad & Tobago ............................. − 122 − −100.0 −

Turkey ................................................. −−− 11 8 − −

United Arab Emirates ........................ − * − − −−100.0 −

United Kingdom ................................. − 911 3,450 3,810 2,963 −100.0 −

Venezuela ........................................... 11 15 39 39 12 −23.1 −1.3

Yugoslavia .......................................... −−− 170 78 − −

Unknown ............................................. − − − − 612 − −

Other States Total .............................. 686 414 761 947 1,609 65.5 −19.2

Canada ................................................ 93 55 * 38 473 70.1 −33.4

France ................................................. − − 10 39 −− −

Ireland ................................................. − − 10 − 22 − −

Italy ...................................................... − − − − 3 − −

Japan ................................................... −−− 202 −− −

Mexico ................................................. − 11 − − − −100.0 −

Spain ................................................... 153 − 52 258 155 − −.2

Turkey ................................................. − − − − 2 − −

United Kingdom ................................. − − 4 − 24 − −

Unknown ............................................. 439 348 685 410 931 26.0 −17.1

See footnotes at end of table.

112 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change and Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994

U.S. Total .............................................. 21,298 22,897 39,367 45,261 41,743 −7.0 −15.5

Australia .............................................. − − − − * − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ..................... 1,509 1,208 2,230 1,931 2,563 25.0 −12.4

Brazil .................................................... 5 7 12 23 84 −33.4 −50.7

Canada ................................................ 1,003 1,085 4,525 4,345 6,975 −7.6 −38.4

Chile .................................................... −−− 206 386 − −

China (Taiwan) ................................... 3,595 5,097 4,341 4,637 4,604 −29.5 −6.0

Costa Rica .......................................... − − * * −− −

Croatia ................................................. − 45 − − − −100.0 −

Denmark ............................................. 508 366 3,885 5,211 3,527 38.9 −38.4

Dominican Republic .......................... 42 59 158 201 90 −29.9 −17.6

Finland ................................................ 71 2 − 129 − NM −

France ................................................. − 957 4,573 4,881 2,548 −100.0 −

Germany ............................................. 23 392 721 979 577 −94.1 −55.2

Greece ................................................ −−− 91 30 − −

Honduras ............................................ −−− * −− −

Hong Kong ......................................... 46 − 359 522 111 − −20.0

Iceland ................................................. − − − − 17 − −

Indonesia ............................................ − − * * −− −

Ireland ................................................. 1,015 1,135 1,327 1,015 1,154 −10.6 −3.2

Israel .................................................... 922 940 1,286 1,136 693 −2.0 7.4

Italy ...................................................... 2,730 2,128 3,182 4,909 5,205 28.3 −14.9

Jamaica ............................................... 32 47 39 59 59 −32.5 −14.4

Japan ................................................... 3,331 3,179 2,323 2,695 1,737 4.8 17.7

Korea, Republic of ............................. 894 952 734 672 825 −6.1 2.0

Malaysia .............................................. − − * * * − −

Mexico ................................................. − 11 18 3 − −100.0 −

Morocco .............................................. 101 561 500 830 745 −82.1 −39.4

Netherlands ........................................ 2,139 1,038 1,781 2,705 2,994 106.1 −8.1

New Zealand ...................................... − − − − * − −

Norway ................................................ 14 30 49 140 53 −53.6 −28.1

Panama ............................................... − − * * * − −

Paraguay ............................................. − − 3 − −− −

Portugal ............................................... 1,165 1,292 1,320 1,708 1,727 −9.8 −9.4

Qatar ................................................... − − * − −− −

Romania .............................................. −−− 131 −− −

Saudi Arabia ....................................... − * − − * −100.0 −

Sierra Leone ....................................... − − − − * − −

Singapore ............................................ −−− * * − −

Slovenia .............................................. − − 61 − −− −

Spain ................................................... 1,705 1,090 1,759 1,598 385 56.4 45.1

Surinam ............................................... − * * − − −100.0 −

Sweden ............................................... − − 1 64 24 − −

Trinidad & Tobago ............................. − 122 − −100.0 −

Turkey ................................................. −−− 11 10 − −

United Arab Emirates ........................ − * − − −−100.0 −

United Kingdom ................................. − 911 3,454 3,810 2,986 −100.0 −

Venezuela ........................................... 11 15 39 39 12 −23.1 −1.3

Yugoslavia .......................................... −−− 170 78 − −

Unknown ............................................. 439 348 685 410 1,543 26.0 −26.9

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500.

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those with total coal exports of over 600 thousand short tons in 1993. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report,’’ and coal export data presented in King’s COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee).

See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico are

based upon Form EIA-6.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 113 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Alabama ...................................................... 5,724 3,345 − 4,529 7,875 8,633 1,429 89 23,750

Alabama .................................................... 5,589 2,849 − − 2,849 8,483 1,429 − 18,351

Arkansas ................................................... 45 − − − − 15 − − 60

Florida ....................................................... 85 − − * * − − − 85

Georgia ..................................................... − − − − − * − − *

Mississippi ................................................. 2 − − − − 127 − − 129

Pennsylvania ............................................ − 496 − − 496 −− − 496

South Carolina ......................................... − − − − − 3 − − 3

Tennessee ................................................ − − − − − 4 − − 4

Texas ......................................................... 2 − − − − 1 − − 3

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 89 89

Foreign ...................................................... − − − 4,529 4,529 − − − 4,529

Alaska .......................................................... 575 − − 716 716 214 − − 1,505

Alaska ........................................................ 575 − − − − 214 − − 789

Foreign ...................................................... − − − 716 716 − − − 716

Arizona ........................................................ 7,580 − − − − − 4,431 − 12,011

Arizona ...................................................... 7,580 − − − −− − − 7,580

Nevada ...................................................... − − − − − − 4,431 − 4,431

Arkansas ..................................................... − − − − − 28 − − 28

Arkansas ................................................... − − − − − 13 − − 13

Missouri ..................................................... − − − − − 4 − − 4

Oklahoma .................................................. − − − − − * − − *

Texas ......................................................... − − − − − 12 − − 12

Colorado ..................................................... 18,756 558 − 752 1,310 4,708 − 36 24,810

Arizona ...................................................... 179 − − − − 40 − − 219

California ................................................... 22 − − − −− − − 22

Colorado ................................................... 7,458 − − − − 4,576 − − 12,035

Florida ....................................................... 423 − − − −− − − 423

Georgia ..................................................... 11 − − − −− − − 11

Illinois ........................................................ 959 480 − − 480 * − − 1,439

Indiana ....................................................... 446 11 − − 11 −− − 457

Iowa ........................................................... 171 − − − −− − − 171

Kansas ...................................................... 1,148 − − − −− − − 1,148

Kentucky ................................................... 710 − − − −− − − 710

Minnesota ................................................. 23 − − − −− − − 23

Mississippi ................................................. 735 − − − −− − − 735

Missouri ..................................................... 769 − − − − 7 − − 775

Nebraska ................................................... 77 − − − −− − − 77

Nevada ...................................................... 306 − − − −− − − 306

New Mexico .............................................. − − − − − 84 − − 84

Oklahoma .................................................. 26 − − − −− − − 26

Tennessee ................................................ 593 − − − −− − − 593

Texas ......................................................... 2,537 − − − −− − − 2,537

Utah ........................................................... 1,714 − − − −− − − 1,714

Washington ............................................... 52 − − − −− − − 52

West Virginia ............................................ − 2 − − 2 −− − 2

Wisconsin .................................................. 395 66 − − 66 −− − 462

Wyoming ................................................... 4 − − − −− − − 4

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 36 36

Foreign ...................................................... − − − 752 752 − − − 752

Illinois .......................................................... 29,017 15,079 32 1,111 16,222 5,185 1,460 88 51,973

Alabama .................................................... 10 740 − − 740 −− − 750

Arkansas ................................................... 30 − − − −− − − 30

Florida ....................................................... 345 4,799 − 701 5,501 −− − 5,846

Georgia ..................................................... 281 2,274 − − 2,274 2 − − 2,557

Illinois ........................................................ 10,742 738 − − 738 4,578 1,460 − 17,517

Indiana ....................................................... 9,355 160 − − 160 59 − − 9,574

Iowa ........................................................... 775 647 − − 647 113 − − 1,535

Kansas ...................................................... 193 − − − −− − − 193

Kentucky ................................................... 308 35 − − 35 −− − 343

Michigan .................................................... 41 − 10 − 10 −− − 51

Minnesota ................................................. 133 9 − − 9 37 − − 179

Mississippi ................................................. 13 978 − 174 1,152 −− − 1,164

Missouri ..................................................... 5,579 1,592 − − 1,592 370 − − 7,541

See footnotes at end of table.

114 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1994

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Illinois (Continued)

New York .................................................. − − − − − * − − *

Ohio ........................................................... − 18 − − 18 * − − 18

Oklahoma .................................................. − 16 − − 16 −− − 16

Pennsylvania ............................................ * − − − − * − − *

Tennessee ................................................ 836 2,359 − − 2,359 −− − 3,195

West Virginia ............................................ − − − − − * − − *

Wisconsin .................................................. 377 714 22 − 737 25 − − 1,139

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 88 88

Foreign ...................................................... − − − 236 236 − − − 236

Indiana ......................................................... 16,101 3,665 349 206 4,220 9,703 580 80 30,684

Alabama .................................................... − 56 − − 56 −− − 56

Connecticut ............................................... * − − − −− − − *

Georgia ..................................................... 19 − − − −− − − 19

Illinois ........................................................ 584 213 − − 213 800 − − 1,597

Indiana ....................................................... 14,339 961 216 − 1,177 8,638 580 − 24,733

Iowa ........................................................... 170 256 − − 256 −− − 426

Kentucky ................................................... 356 1,607 − − 1,607 256 − − 2,219

Michigan .................................................... − − 133 − 133 2 − − 135

Minnesota ................................................. 43 − − − −− − − 43

Missouri ..................................................... − 504 − − 504 −− − 504

Ohio ........................................................... 3 33 − − 33 * − − 36

Oklahoma .................................................. − 3 − − 3 −− − 3

Tennessee ................................................ − 32 − − 32 6 − − 38

Texas ......................................................... − − − − − * − − *

Wisconsin .................................................. 587 − − − −− − − 587

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 80 80

Foreign ...................................................... − − − 206 206 − − − 206

Iowa ............................................................. − − − − − 46 − − 46

Iowa ........................................................... − − − − − 46 − − 46

Kansas ......................................................... 22 − − − − 260 − − 282

Kansas ...................................................... − − − − − 165 − − 165

Missouri ..................................................... 22 − − − − 95 − − 117

Kentucky ..................................................... 97,436 34,832 2,290 8,818 45,940 14,229 3 1,521 159,130

Alabama .................................................... 2,042 2,394 − − 2,394 4 − − 4,439

Arkansas ................................................... * − − − − 8 − − 9

Connecticut ............................................... − − − 787 787 − − − 787

Delaware ................................................... 37 − − − −− − − 37

District of Columbia ................................. 13 − − − −− − − 13

Florida ....................................................... 11,056 2,864 − 836 3,700 19 − − 14,774

Georgia ..................................................... 15,478 71 − − 71 100 − − 15,649

Illinois ........................................................ 1,172 566 − − 566 8 − − 1,746

Indiana ....................................................... 1,629 2,565 − − 2,565 128 − − 4,322

Iowa ........................................................... 8 409 − − 409 * − − 418

Kentucky ................................................... 9,677 5,892 − − 5,892 11,136 3 12 26,719

Louisiana ................................................... − 791 − − 791 −− − 791

Maine ......................................................... − − − 433 433 − − − 433

Maryland ................................................... 109 − − 314 314 − − − 423

Massachusetts ......................................... 38 − − 189 189 − − − 227

Michigan .................................................... 7,763 826 733 − 1,559 215 − − 9,536

Minnesota ................................................. 32 106 60 − 166 −− − 198

Mississippi ................................................. 356 650 − − 650 −− − 1,006

Missouri ..................................................... 28 1,086 − − 1,086 3 − − 1,117

New Jersey ............................................... − 15 − 48 63 −− − 63

New York .................................................. 1,259 29 − − 29 −− − 1,288

North Carolina .......................................... 13,357 21 − − 21 212 − − 13,590

Ohio ........................................................... 5,160 4,324 60 − 4,384 1,168 − − 10,712

Oregon ...................................................... 15 − − − −− − − 15

Pennsylvania ............................................ 997 2,018 − − 2,018 156 − − 3,171

South Carolina ......................................... 11,348 − − − − 96 − − 11,444

South Dakota ........................................... − 1 − − 1 −− − 1

Tennessee ................................................ 8,697 9,468 − − 9,468 533 − − 18,697

Texas ......................................................... 8 2 − − 2 1 − − 10

Virginia ....................................................... 6,246 9 − 144 153 140 − − 6,539

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 115 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1994

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Kentucky (Continued)

West Virginia ............................................ 348 531 − − 531 276 − − 1,154

Wisconsin .................................................. 428 196 465 − 661 25 − − 1,114

Wyoming ................................................... 10 − − − −− − − 10

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 1,510 1,510

Foreign ...................................................... 125 − 972 6,068 7,040 2 − − 7,167

Kentucky, Eastern .................................... 87,961 15,861 2,278 8,507 26,645 8,158 3 1,490 124,257

Alabama .................................................... 1,333 1,065 − − 1,065 4 − − 2,402

Arkansas ................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Connecticut ............................................... − − − 787 787 − − − 787

Delaware ................................................... 37 − − − −− − − 37

District of Columbia ................................. 13 − − − −− − − 13

Florida ....................................................... 10,989 393 − 668 1,061 19 − − 12,069

Georgia ..................................................... 15,478 71 − − 71 100 − − 15,649

Illinois ........................................................ 1,137 409 − − 409 8 − − 1,555

Indiana ....................................................... 1,498 504 − − 504 107 − − 2,109

Iowa ........................................................... 5 35 − − 35 * − − 40

Kentucky ................................................... 3,287 1,899 − − 1,899 5,117 3 12 10,317

Louisiana ................................................... − 791 − − 791 −− − 791

Maine ......................................................... − − − 433 433 − − − 433

Maryland ................................................... 109 − − 314 314 − − − 423

Massachusetts ......................................... 38 − − 189 189 − − − 227

Michigan .................................................... 7,763 826 720 − 1,546 215 − − 9,524

Minnesota ................................................. 32 79 60 − 140 −− − 172

Mississippi ................................................. 356 650 − − 650 −− − 1,006

Missouri ..................................................... 28 320 − − 320 3 − − 351

New Jersey ............................................... − 15 − 48 63 −− − 63

New York .................................................. 1,259 29 − − 29 −− − 1,288

North Carolina .......................................... 13,357 21 − − 21 212 − − 13,590

Ohio ........................................................... 5,066 4,242 60 − 4,302 1,164 − − 10,532

Oregon ...................................................... 15 − − − −− − − 15

Pennsylvania ............................................ 997 2,018 − − 2,018 156 − − 3,171

South Carolina ......................................... 11,348 − − − − 96 − − 11,443

South Dakota ........................................... − 1 − − 1 −− − 1

Tennessee ................................................ 6,818 1,756 − − 1,756 514 − − 9,088

Texas ......................................................... 8 2 − − 2 1 − − 10

Virginia ....................................................... 6,246 9 − 144 153 140 − − 6,539

West Virginia ............................................ 344 531 − − 531 276 − − 1,151

Wisconsin .................................................. 263 196 465 − 661 25 − − 949

Wyoming ................................................... 10 − − − −− − − 10

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 1,479 1,479

Foreign ...................................................... 125 − 972 5,924 6,896 2 − − 7,023

Kentucky, Western ................................... 9,475 18,971 12 312 19,295 6,072 − 31 34,873

Alabama .................................................... 709 1,329 − − 1,329 −− − 2,038

Arkansas ................................................... − − − − − 8 − − 8

Florida ....................................................... 67 2,471 − 168 2,638 −− − 2,706

Illinois ........................................................ 35 157 − − 157 −− − 192

Indiana ....................................................... 131 2,061 − − 2,061 21 − − 2,214

Iowa ........................................................... 3 375 − − 375 −− − 377

Kentucky ................................................... 6,390 3,993 − − 3,993 6,018 − − 16,401

Michigan .................................................... − − 12 − 12 * − − 12

Minnesota ................................................. − 26 − − 26 −− − 26

Missouri ..................................................... − 766 − − 766 −− − 766

North Carolina .......................................... − − − − − * − − *

Ohio ........................................................... 93 82 − − 82 4 − − 180

Pennsylvania ............................................ − − − − − * − − *

South Carolina ......................................... − − − − − * − − *

Tennessee ................................................ 1,878 7,712 − − 7,712 19 − − 9,609

West Virginia ............................................ 3 − − − −− − − 3

Wisconsin .................................................. 165 − − − −− − − 165

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 31 31

Foreign ...................................................... − − − 144 144 − − − 144

Louisiana .................................................... − − − − − 766 2,697 − 3,463

See footnotes at end of table.

116 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1994

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Louisiana (Continued)

Louisiana ................................................... − − − − − 766 2,697 − 3,463

Maryland ..................................................... 2,528 260 − 184 444 489 − − 3,460

Delaware ................................................... 125 − − − −− − − 125

Maryland ................................................... 744 − − − − 290 − − 1,034

Virginia ....................................................... − − − − − 1 − − 1

West Virginia ............................................ 1,658 260 − − 260 198 − − 2,116

Foreign ...................................................... − − − 184 184 − − − 184

Missouri ....................................................... 83 − − − − 596 − − 679

Kansas ...................................................... − − − − − 77 − − 77

Missouri ..................................................... 83 − − − − 519 − − 602

Montana ...................................................... 24,536 − 7,154 153 7,308 388 9,684 * 41,916

Colorado ................................................... 89 − − − −− − − 89

Illinois ........................................................ 4,338 − − − −− − − 4,338

Indiana ....................................................... 749 − − − −− − − 749

Iowa ........................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Michigan .................................................... 4,228 − 6,253 − 6,253 −− − 10,481

Minnesota ................................................. 9,981 − 57 − 57 * − − 10,038

Mississippi ................................................. 1,314 − − − −− − − 1,314

Montana .................................................... 551 − − − − 346 9,684 − 10,581

Nebraska ................................................... 71 − − − −− − − 71

North Dakota ............................................ 559 − − − −− − − 559

Washington ............................................... 1,097 − − − −− − − 1,097

Wisconsin .................................................. 1,462 − 844 − 844 1 − − 2,307

Wyoming ................................................... 8 − − − − 41 − − 49

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − * *

Foreign ...................................................... 90 − − 153 153 − − − 243

New Mexico ................................................ 22,547 − − 30 30 5,993 − − 28,570

Arizona ...................................................... 11,284 − − − −− − − 11,284

New Mexico .............................................. 9,472 − − − − 5,993 − − 15,464

Texas ......................................................... 296 − − − −− − − 296

Wisconsin .................................................. 1,495 − − − −− − − 1,495

Foreign ...................................................... − − − 30 30 − − − 30

North Dakota ............................................. 2,787 − − − − 5,036 24,233 − 32,056

North Dakota ............................................ 462 − − − − 5,036 24,233 − 29,731

South Dakota ........................................... 2,325 − − − −− − − 2,325

Wisconsin .................................................. − − − − − * − − *

Ohio ............................................................. 1,933 10,320 151 61 10,532 10,312 5,660 313 28,749

Alabama .................................................... 1 35 − − 35 −− − 37

Connecticut ............................................... − − − − − * − − *

Delaware ................................................... 13 − − − − 16 − − 29

Illinois ........................................................ − 17 − − 17 −− − 17

Indiana ....................................................... 231 19 − − 19 95 − − 345

Iowa ........................................................... 6 − − − − 9 − − 15

Kentucky ................................................... − 79 − − 79 14 − − 93

Michigan .................................................... 78 − 22 − 22 422 − − 522

Missouri ..................................................... 18 − − − −− − − 18

New York .................................................. 109 − − − − 15 − − 124

Ohio ........................................................... 1,474 7,386 111 − 7,496 9,279 5,647 11 23,907

Pennsylvania ............................................ 1 1,885 − − 1,885 433 − − 2,318

West Virginia ............................................ 2 899 − − 899 27 13 − 942

Wisconsin .................................................. − − 18 − 18 −− − 18

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 302 302

Foreign ...................................................... − − − 61 61 − − − 61

Oklahoma .................................................... − − − − − 1,923 − 2 1,925

Arkansas ................................................... − − − − − 205 − − 205

California ................................................... − − − − − * − − *

Kansas ...................................................... − − − − − 22 − − 22

Missouri ..................................................... − − − − − 5 − − 5

Oklahoma .................................................. − − − − − 1,532 − − 1,532

Texas ......................................................... − − − − − 159 − − 159

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 2 2

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 117 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1994

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Pennsylvania .............................................. 25,350 7,071 1,337 5,671 14,078 15,451 5,397 1,231 61,508

Alabama .................................................... * 34 − − 34 1 − − 35

Alaska ........................................................ − − − − − * − − *

Arizona ...................................................... − − − − − * − − *

Arkansas ................................................... 1 − − − − * − − 1

California ................................................... * − − − − * − − *

Colorado ................................................... 13 − − − − 2 − − 15

Connecticut ............................................... 11 − − − − 11 − − 23

Delaware ................................................... 305 7 − − 7 13 − − 324

District of Columbia ................................. −−−−− * − − *

Florida ....................................................... 7 135 − − 135 1 − − 143

Georgia ..................................................... * − − − − * − − *

Idaho ......................................................... 3 − − − − * − − 3

Illinois ........................................................ 7 185 − − 185 22 − − 214

Indiana ....................................................... 91 521 − − 521 20 − − 633

Iowa ........................................................... 26 46 − − 46 −− − 72

Kentucky ................................................... 12 460 − − 460 * − − 472

Louisiana ................................................... 3 − − − − * − − 3

Maine ......................................................... 26 − − − − 5 − − 30

Maryland ................................................... 1,912 − − 120 120 253 − − 2,285

Massachusetts ......................................... 291 − − − − 21 − − 312

Michigan .................................................... 1,416 18 312 − 329 13 − − 1,758

Minnesota ................................................. 1 − − − − 2 − − 3

Mississippi ................................................. * − − − − * − − *

Missouri ..................................................... − − − − − 2 − − 2

Montana .................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Nebraska ................................................... − − − − − * − − *

New Hampshire ....................................... 699 − − − − 7 − − 705

New Jersey ............................................... 488 − − − − 67 − − 554

New Mexico .............................................. − − − − − * − − *

New York .................................................. 4,319 521 − − 521 831 − − 5,671

North Carolina .......................................... * − − − − * − − *

North Dakota ............................................ − − − − − * − − *

Ohio ........................................................... 1,719 774 192 − 966 104 − − 2,789

Oklahoma .................................................. * − − − − * − − *

Oregon ...................................................... 7 − − − −− − − 7

Pennsylvania ............................................ 12,772 3,218 − − 3,218 13,784 5,397 18 35,189

Rhode Island ............................................ − − − − − 3 − − 3

South Carolina ......................................... 4 − − − − 4 − − 8

South Dakota ........................................... − − − − − * − − *

Tennessee ................................................ 149 354 − − 354 12 − − 514

Texas ......................................................... 1 − − − − 2 − − 3

Utah ........................................................... 183 − − − −− − − 183

Vermont .................................................... 1 − − − − 4 − − 5

Virginia ....................................................... 30 − − − − 36 − − 65

West Virginia ............................................ 25 792 − − 792 219 − − 1,037

Wisconsin .................................................. 585 7 336 − 344 2 − − 930

Wyoming ................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 1,213 1,213

Foreign ...................................................... 242 − 497 5,551 6,049 11 − − 6,301

Pennsylvania Anthracite ......................... 376 − 40 131 171 2,627 668 859 4,700

Alabama .................................................... * − − − − 1 − − 1

Alaska ........................................................ − − − − − * − − *

Arizona ...................................................... − − − − − * − − *

Arkansas ................................................... 1 − − − − * − − 1

California ................................................... * − − − − * − − *

Colorado ................................................... 13 − − − − 2 − − 15

Connecticut ............................................... * − − − − 11 − − 11

Delaware ................................................... * − − − − 11 − − 11

District of Columbia ................................. −−−−− * − − *

Florida ....................................................... 7 − − − − 1 − − 8

Georgia ..................................................... * − − − − * − − *

Idaho ......................................................... 3 − − − − * − − 3

Illinois ........................................................ 7 − − − − 1 − − 8

Indiana ....................................................... * − − − − 3 − − 4

Iowa ........................................................... 26 − − − −− − − 26

Kentucky ................................................... 11 − − − − * − − 12

See footnotes at end of table.

118 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1994

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Pennsylvania Anthracite (Continued)

Louisiana ................................................... 3 − − − − * − − 3

Maine ......................................................... 2 − − − − 4 − − 6

Maryland ................................................... 3 − − − − 3 − − 6

Massachusetts ......................................... 2 − − − − 18 − − 20

Michigan .................................................... 2 − − − − * − − 2

Minnesota ................................................. 1 − − − − 2 − − 3

Mississippi ................................................. * − − − − * − − *

Missouri ..................................................... − − − − − 2 − − 2

Montana .................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Nebraska ................................................... − − − − − * − − *

New Hampshire ....................................... 1 − − − − 7 − − 8

New Jersey ............................................... 3 − − − − 14 − − 17

New Mexico .............................................. − − − − − * − − *

New York .................................................. 10 − − − − 110 − − 121

North Carolina .......................................... * − − − − * − − *

North Dakota ............................................ − − − − − * − − *

Ohio ........................................................... * − − − − 20 − − 21

Oklahoma .................................................. * − − − − * − − *

Oregon ...................................................... 7 − − − −− − − 7

Pennsylvania ............................................ 77 − − − − 2,344 668 − 3,089

Rhode Island ............................................ − − − − − 3 − − 3

South Carolina ......................................... 4 − − − − 4 − − 8

South Dakota ........................................... − − − − − * − − *

Tennessee ................................................ 3 − − − − 12 − − 15

Texas ......................................................... 1 − − − − 2 − − 3

Utah ........................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Vermont .................................................... 1 − − − − 4 − − 5

Virginia ....................................................... 1 − − − − 10 − − 11

West Virginia ............................................ 7 − − − − 28 − − 35

Wisconsin .................................................. * − − − − 2 − − 2

Wyoming ................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 859 859

Foreign ...................................................... 179 − 40 131 171 5 − − 354

Pennsylvania Bituminous ........................ 24,974 7,071 1,297 5,540 13,908 12,824 4,729 373 56,808

Alabama .................................................... − 34 − − 34 −− − 34

Connecticut ............................................... 11 − − − − * − − 12

Delaware ................................................... 305 7 − − 7 2 − − 314

Florida ....................................................... − 135 − − 135 −− − 135

Illinois ........................................................ − 185 − − 185 21 − − 206

Indiana ....................................................... 91 521 − − 521 17 − − 629

Iowa ........................................................... − 46 − − 46 −− − 46

Kentucky ................................................... * 460 − − 460 −− − 460

Maine ......................................................... 24 − − − − * − − 24

Maryland ................................................... 1,909 − − 120 120 250 − − 2,278

Massachusetts ......................................... 289 − − − − 3 − − 292

Michigan .................................................... 1,415 18 312 − 329 12 − − 1,756

New Hampshire ....................................... 698 − − − −− − − 698

New Jersey ............................................... 485 − − − − 52 − − 537

New York .................................................. 4,309 521 − − 521 721 − − 5,551

Ohio ........................................................... 1,719 774 192 − 966 84 − − 2,769

Pennsylvania ............................................ 12,695 3,218 − − 3,218 11,440 4,729 18 32,100

Tennessee ................................................ 146 354 − − 354 −− − 500

Utah ........................................................... 183 − − − −− − − 183

Virginia ....................................................... 29 − − − − 26 − − 55

West Virginia ............................................ 18 792 − − 792 191 − − 1,002

Wisconsin .................................................. 585 7 336 − 344 −− − 928

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 355 355

Foreign ...................................................... 63 − 458 5,420 5,878 6 − − 5,947

Tennessee .................................................. 1,724 512 − − 512 289 − 22 2,547

Alabama .................................................... 199 512 − − 512 −− − 710

Florida ....................................................... 40 − − − −− − − 40

Georgia ..................................................... 97 − − − − 105 − − 202

Illinois ........................................................ 1 − − − −− − − 1

Kentucky ................................................... 122 − − − − 12 − − 135

North Carolina .......................................... 51 − − − − 7 − − 58

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 119 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1994

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Tennessee (Continued)

Tennessee ................................................ 1,213 − − − − 165 − − 1,378

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 22 22

Texas ........................................................... 20,296 − − − − 13,987 17,974 − 52,256

Texas ......................................................... 20,296 − − − − 13,987 17,974 − 52,256

Utah .............................................................. 11,613 40 109 2,698 2,846 6,021 2,716 28 23,225

Arizona ...................................................... 86 − − − −− − − 86

California ................................................... 3,061 − − − − 13 − − 3,074

Colorado ................................................... − − − − − 4 − − 4

Idaho ......................................................... 3 − − − − 56 − − 59

Illinois ........................................................ 329 40 − − 40 −− − 369

Indiana ....................................................... 178 − − − −− − − 178

Kansas ...................................................... 2 − − − − * − − 2

Michigan .................................................... − − 66 − 66 −− − 66

Missouri ..................................................... 412 − − − −− − − 412

Montana .................................................... − − − − − 29 − − 29

Nevada ...................................................... 1,887 − − − − 140 − − 2,027

Oregon ...................................................... 127 − − − − 1 − − 127

Pennsylvania ............................................ 68 − − − −− − − 68

Tennessee ................................................ 182 − − − − 36 − − 218

Texas ......................................................... 33 − − − −− − − 33

Utah ........................................................... 5,131 − − − − 5,739 2,716 − 13,586

Washington ............................................... 114 − − − − 1 − − 115

Wisconsin .................................................. − − 43 − 43 −− − 43

Wyoming ................................................... − − − − − 2 − − 2

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 28 28

Foreign ...................................................... − − − 2,698 2,698 − − − 2,698

Virginia ........................................................ 23,378 1,434 973 10,897 13,304 741 1,080 46 38,548

Alabama .................................................... 1,155 − − − − 1 − − 1,156

Delaware ................................................... 203 − − − −− − − 203

Florida ....................................................... 531 − − − −− − − 531

Georgia ..................................................... 3,036 − − − − 3 − − 3,038

Illinois ........................................................ 23 280 − − 280 −− − 302

Indiana ....................................................... 984 219 − − 219 −− − 1,202

Kentucky ................................................... 40 − − − − * − − 41

Maryland ................................................... 90 − − − −− − − 90

Michigan .................................................... 216 − 159 − 159 * − − 376

New Jersey ............................................... 190 − − − −− − − 190

New York .................................................. 156 − − − −− − − 156

North Carolina .......................................... 5,545 − − − − 90 − − 5,634

Ohio ........................................................... 348 112 28 − 140 −− − 488

Pennsylvania ............................................ 624 518 − − 518 1 − − 1,143

South Carolina ......................................... 1,573 − − − − 31 − − 1,604

Tennessee ................................................ 2,405 − − − − 57 − − 2,462

Utah ........................................................... 320 − − − −− − − 320

Virginia ....................................................... 5,228 − − − − 559 1,080 * 6,867

West Virginia ............................................ 649 281 − − 281 −− − 930

Wisconsin .................................................. 62 24 − − 24 −− − 86

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 46 46

Foreign ...................................................... * − 786 10,897 11,683 −− − 11,683

Washington ................................................ − − − 142 142 100 4,635 − 4,877

Washington ............................................... − − − − − 97 4,635 − 4,731

Foreign ...................................................... − − − 142 142 3 − − 146

West Virginia ............................................. 67,742 40,146 5,540 32,582 78,268 5,926 6,686 363 158,985

Alabama .................................................... 2,579 1,825 − − 1,825 21 − − 4,425

Connecticut ............................................... 43 − − 29 29 94 − − 166

Delaware ................................................... 1,518 72 − − 72 * − − 1,589

District of Columbia ................................. 24 −−−− 10 − − 34

Florida ....................................................... 1,066 87 − 663 749 6 − − 1,822

Georgia ..................................................... 3,911 196 − − 196 −− − 4,106

Idaho ......................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Illinois ........................................................ 906 520 − − 520 −− − 1,426

Indiana ....................................................... 3,840 2,135 − − 2,135 3 − − 5,978

See footnotes at end of table.

120 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1994

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

West Virginia (Continued)

Iowa ........................................................... 17 54 − − 54 −− − 71

Kentucky ................................................... 1,932 2,732 − − 2,732 240 − − 4,905

Louisiana ................................................... − 356 − 16 372 −− − 372

Maine ......................................................... − − − − − * − − *

Maryland ................................................... 5,817 − − 337 337 144 − − 6,298

Massachusetts ......................................... 1,350 − − 649 649 * − − 1,999

Michigan .................................................... 5,779 303 213 − 516 * − − 6,295

Minnesota ................................................. 52 39 10 − 49 −− − 102

Mississippi ................................................. 28 70 − − 70 * − − 98

Missouri ..................................................... 23 47 − − 47 −− − 70

New Hampshire ....................................... 272 − − − −− − − 272

New Jersey ............................................... 967 266 − 123 389 −− − 1,356

New York .................................................. 4,302 89 27 − 116 6 − − 4,424

North Carolina .......................................... 6,846 − − − − 71 − − 6,917

North Dakota ............................................ − * − − * −− − *

Ohio ........................................................... 4,895 12,958 393 − 13,351 653 − − 18,899

Oklahoma .................................................. 7 41 − − 41 8 − − 56

Oregon ...................................................... 1 − − − −− − − 1

Pennsylvania ............................................ 3,629 9,328 − 28 9,357 539 − − 13,524

South Carolina ......................................... 387 − − − − 8 − − 395

South Dakota ........................................... − 6 − − 6 −− − 6

Tennessee ................................................ 403 1,192 − − 1,192 21 − − 1,615

Texas ......................................................... − 1 − − 1 −− − 1

Utah ........................................................... 211 − − − −− − − 211

Vermont .................................................... − − − − − * − − *

Virginia ....................................................... 2,886 50 − 178 228 149 − − 3,263

West Virginia ............................................ 12,492 7,763 − − 7,763 3,949 6,686 1 30,891

Wisconsin .................................................. 449 15 361 − 377 3 − − 829

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 362 362

Foreign ...................................................... 1,108 − 4,537 30,561 35,097 −− − 36,205

West Virginia, Northern ........................... 15,741 15,615 2,096 3,798 21,509 3,354 4,665 267 45,535

Alabama .................................................... − 34 − − 34 −− − 34

Connecticut ............................................... 43 − − 29 29 94 − − 166

Delaware ................................................... 897 72 − − 72 * − − 969

District of Columbia ................................. −−−−− 10 − − 10

Florida ....................................................... 390 59 − − 59 −− − 449

Illinois ........................................................ − 23 − − 23 −− − 23

Indiana ....................................................... 37 1,023 − − 1,023 −− − 1,060

Iowa ........................................................... − 2 − − 2 −− − 2

Kentucky ................................................... 79 81 − − 81 −− − 160

Louisiana ................................................... − 352 − 16 368 −− − 368

Maryland ................................................... 3,005 − − 294 294 144 − − 3,443

Massachusetts ......................................... 648 − − − −− − − 648

Michigan .................................................... 361 − 32 − 32 −− − 392

Minnesota ................................................. − − 10 − 10 −− − 10

Mississippi ................................................. − 5 − − 5 −− − 5

New Hampshire ....................................... 272 − − − −− − − 272

New Jersey ............................................... 732 266 − 99 365 −− − 1,096

New York .................................................. 3,052 − 27 − 27 −− − 3,079

North Carolina .......................................... 7 − − − −− − − 7

Ohio ........................................................... 708 3,343 − − 3,343 47 − − 4,098

Pennsylvania ............................................ 1,226 6,770 − − 6,770 395 − − 8,391

South Carolina ......................................... 1 − − − −− − − 1

Tennessee ................................................ 7 286 − − 286 −− − 293

Virginia ....................................................... 21 − − − − 53 − − 75

West Virginia ............................................ 3,749 3,292 − − 3,292 2,609 4,665 * 14,316

Wisconsin .................................................. 2 7 342 − 349 −− − 350

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 267 267

Foreign ...................................................... 504 − 1,686 3,360 5,046 −− − 5,550

West Virginia, Southern .......................... 52,001 24,531 3,444 28,785 56,759 2,573 2,021 95 113,449

Alabama .................................................... 2,579 1,791 − − 1,791 21 − − 4,392

Delaware ................................................... 621 − − − −− − − 621

District of Columbia ................................. 24 − − − −− − − 24

Florida ....................................................... 676 27 − 663 690 6 − − 1,372

Georgia ..................................................... 3,911 196 − − 196 −− − 4,106

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 121 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1994

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

West Virginia, Southern (Continued)

Idaho ......................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Illinois ........................................................ 906 497 − − 497 −− − 1,403

Indiana ....................................................... 3,803 1,112 − − 1,112 3 − − 4,918

Iowa ........................................................... 17 52 − − 52 −− − 70

Kentucky ................................................... 1,853 2,651 − − 2,651 240 − − 4,744

Louisiana ................................................... − 4 − − 4 −− − 4

Maine ......................................................... − − − − − * − − *

Maryland ................................................... 2,812 − − 43 43 − − − 2,855

Massachusetts ......................................... 702 − − 649 649 * − − 1,351

Michigan .................................................... 5,419 303 181 − 484 * − − 5,903

Minnesota ................................................. 52 39 − − 39 −− − 92

Mississippi ................................................. 28 65 − − 65 * − − 93

Missouri ..................................................... 23 47 − − 47 −− − 70

New Jersey ............................................... 236 − − 24 24 − − − 260

New York .................................................. 1,250 89 − − 89 6 − − 1,345

North Carolina .......................................... 6,839 − − − − 71 − − 6,910

North Dakota ............................................ − * − − * −− − *

Ohio ........................................................... 4,187 9,616 393 − 10,008 606 − − 14,802

Oklahoma .................................................. 7 41 − − 41 8 − − 56

Oregon ...................................................... 1 − − − −− − − 1

Pennsylvania ............................................ 2,403 2,558 − 28 2,586 144 − − 5,133

South Carolina ......................................... 386 − − − − 8 − − 394

South Dakota ........................................... − 6 − − 6 −− − 6

Tennessee ................................................ 396 906 − − 906 21 − − 1,322

Texas ......................................................... − 1 − − 1 −− − 1

Utah ........................................................... 211 − − − −− − − 211

Vermont .................................................... − − − − − * − − *

Virginia ....................................................... 2,865 50 − 178 228 96 − − 3,188

West Virginia ............................................ 8,743 4,471 − − 4,471 1,339 2,021 1 16,575

Wisconsin .................................................. 448 9 19 − 28 3 − − 478

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 95 95

Foreign ...................................................... 603 − 2,851 27,201 30,052 −− − 30,655

Wyoming ..................................................... 204,652 12,650 858 1,524 15,032 3,880 11,977 * 235,540

Alabama .................................................... 251 − − − −− − − 251

Arkansas ................................................... 12,184 − − − −− − − 12,184

Colorado ................................................... 5,132 − − − − * − − 5,132

Connecticut ............................................... − − − − − * − − *

Florida ....................................................... 93 − − − −− − − 93

Georgia ..................................................... 4,914 − − − −− − − 4,914

Idaho ......................................................... 284 − − − − 53 − − 337

Illinois ........................................................ 9,774 − − − − 5 − − 9,779

Indiana ....................................................... 11,872 3,545 − − 3,545 * − − 15,417

Iowa ........................................................... 15,036 469 − − 469 −− − 15,505

Kansas ...................................................... 16,490 − − − −− − − 16,490

Louisiana ................................................... 5,734 5,481 − − 5,481 −− − 11,215

Maryland ................................................... 829 − − − −− − − 829

Michigan .................................................... 4,080 − 188 − 188 −− − 4,267

Minnesota ................................................. 9,241 − 670 − 670 −− − 9,911

Missouri ..................................................... 13,019 3,093 − − 3,093 −− − 16,112

Montana .................................................... 117 − − − − 2 − − 119

Nebraska ................................................... 8,908 − − − − * − − 8,908

Nevada ...................................................... 1,014 − − − −− − − 1,014

Oklahoma .................................................. 17,577 − − − −− − − 17,577

Oregon ...................................................... 2,197 − − − −− − − 2,197

South Dakota ........................................... 87 − − − − 510 − − 597

Tennessee ................................................ 342 − − − −− − − 342

Texas ......................................................... 39,270 − − − −− − − 39,270

Washington ............................................... 1 − − − −− − − 1

Wisconsin .................................................. 13,159 62 − − 62 −− − 13,221

Wyoming ................................................... 13,047 − − − − 3,309 11,977 − 28,334

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − * *

Foreign ...................................................... − − − 1,524 1,524 − − − 1,524

U.S. Total .................................................... 584,378 129,911 18,793 70,075 218,779 114,904 100,640 3,822 1,022,523

See footnotes at end of table.

122 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1994

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

U.S. Total (Continued)

Alabama .................................................... 11,826 8,445 − − 8,445 8,510 1,429 − 30,210

Alaska ........................................................ 575 − − − − 214 − − 789

Arizona ...................................................... 19,129 − − − − 40 − − 19,169

Arkansas ................................................... 12,260 − − − − 241 − − 12,501

California ................................................... 3,083 − − − − 13 − − 3,096

Colorado ................................................... 12,691 − − − − 4,582 − − 17,274

Connecticut ............................................... 54 − − 816 816 106 − − 976

Delaware ................................................... 2,202 78 − − 78 29 − − 2,309

District of Columbia ................................. 37 −−−− 10 − − 47

Florida ....................................................... 13,647 7,885 − 2,200 10,085 26 − − 23,757

Georgia ..................................................... 27,747 2,540 − − 2,540 210 − − 30,497

Idaho ......................................................... 291 − − − − 109 − − 400

Illinois ........................................................ 28,834 3,039 − − 3,039 5,413 1,460 − 38,745

Indiana ....................................................... 43,713 10,136 216 − 10,352 8,944 580 − 63,589

Iowa ........................................................... 16,209 1,881 − − 1,881 169 − − 18,259

Kansas ...................................................... 17,833 − − − − 264 − − 18,097

Kentucky ................................................... 13,158 10,805 − − 10,805 11,659 3 12 35,636

Louisiana ................................................... 5,737 6,628 − 16 6,644 766 2,697 − 15,844

Maine ......................................................... 26 − − 433 433 5 − − 463

Maryland ................................................... 9,501 − − 770 770 687 − − 10,959

Massachusetts ......................................... 1,680 − − 837 837 21 − − 2,538

Michigan .................................................... 23,602 1,146 8,088 − 9,234 652 − − 33,487

Minnesota ................................................. 19,507 154 797 − 951 39 − − 20,498

Mississippi ................................................. 2,447 1,698 − 174 1,872 127 − − 4,446

Missouri ..................................................... 19,952 6,321 − − 6,321 1,005 − − 27,278

Montana .................................................... 667 − − − − 378 9,684 − 10,728

Nebraska ................................................... 9,055 − − − − * − − 9,055

Nevada ...................................................... 3,206 − − − − 140 4,431 − 7,777

New Hampshire ....................................... 971 − − − − 7 − − 978

New Jersey ............................................... 1,645 281 − 170 452 67 − − 2,163

New Mexico .............................................. 9,472 − − − − 6,077 − − 15,549

New York .................................................. 10,145 638 27 − 666 853 − − 11,664

North Carolina .......................................... 25,799 21 − − 21 380 − − 26,199

North Dakota ............................................ 1,021 * − − * 5,036 24,233 − 30,290

Ohio ........................................................... 13,599 25,606 783 − 26,389 11,204 5,647 11 56,850

Oklahoma .................................................. 17,610 60 − − 60 1,540 − − 19,210

Oregon ...................................................... 2,346 − − − − 1 − − 2,347

Pennsylvania ............................................ 18,091 17,463 − 28 17,491 14,913 5,397 18 55,910

Rhode Island ............................................ − − − − − 3 − − 3

South Carolina ......................................... 13,311 − − − − 143 − − 13,454

South Dakota ........................................... 2,412 7 − − 7 510 − − 2,929

Tennessee ................................................ 14,820 13,404 − − 13,404 834 − − 29,057

Texas ......................................................... 62,443 2 − − 2 14,162 17,974 − 94,581

Utah ........................................................... 7,560 − − − − 5,739 2,716 − 16,015

Vermont .................................................... 1 − − − − 4 − − 5

Virginia ....................................................... 14,390 59 − 322 380 885 1,080 * 16,735

Washington ............................................... 1,264 − − − − 98 4,635 − 5,996

West Virginia ............................................ 15,175 10,528 − − 10,528 4,668 6,698 1 37,071

Wisconsin .................................................. 18,999 1,087 2,091 − 3,177 56 − − 22,231

Wyoming ................................................... 13,070 − − − − 3,352 11,977 − 28,399

Unknown State ......................................... − − − − −− − 3,780 3,780

Foreign ...................................................... 1,564 − 6,792 64,309 71,100 16 − − 72,680

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 123 
Demand

Domestic Markets

U.S. coal consumption during 1994 reached a record

930 million short tons, surpassing by 0.4 percent the

previous record of 926 million short tons consumed

during 1993 (Table 67). Consumption of coal by U.S.

electric utilities rose 0.5 percent to a record 817

million short tons, accounting for 88 percent of total

domestic coal consumption (Table 69). Compared

with 1993, coal consumption at U.S. coke plants

during 1994 rose 1 percent to 32 million short tons,

while coal consumption at other U.S. industrial plants

rose 0.4 percent to 75 million short tons (Table 71 and

Table 73).

Electric Utility Use

Leading the 1994 increase in electric utility coal consumption was the additional 12 million short tons of

coal consumed by coal-fired electricity generators in

the East North Central, West North Central, and

Mountain Divisions. Collectively, electric utilities in

these three divisions accounted for 49 percent of total

electric utility coal consumption during 1994.

In the East North Central Division, electric utility

coal consumption rose 2 percent to 183 million short

tons as utilities in Illinois and Michigan continued to

rely upon coal-fired generation to replace reduced

generation from nuclear units. Coal consumption in

the West North Central Division rose 4 percent to 112

million short tons as coal-fired generation rose in

response to increased electricity demand. Similarly,

electric utility coal consumption in the Mountain

Division rose 4 percent to 109 million short tons as

utilities increased coal-fired generation to meet rising

electricity demand.

The increased 1994 electric utility coal consumption

in these three division was offset by reductions

totaling 10 million short tons (4 percent) in the coal

consumed by electric utilities in the East South

Central, West South Central, and Middle Atlantic

Divisions. In the West South Central Division, compared with 1993, electric utility coal consumption

declined 2 percent to 131 million short tons as sharply

increased nuclear generation in Texas supplanted

coal-fired generation.

Similarly, in the East South Central Division, electric

utility coal use fell 5 percent to 86 million short tons

in response to increased nuclear generation, primarily

in Tennessee. In the Middle Atlantic Division, electric

utility coal consumption fell 5 percent to 48 million

short tons as lower electricity demand, coupled with

increased nuclear generation in Pennsylvania and New

York, eroded coal's share of the division's total electricity generation.

Notably, compared with 1993, the total amount of

coal consumed by U.S. electric utilities during 1994

rose 0.4 percent despite a drop of 0.2 percent in the

total amount of electricity produced by coal-fired

electric utility generating units during the year. This

unusual inverse relationship between the growth rates

for coal consumption and coal-fired electricity generation reflects in part the increasing use by electric

utilities of low-sulfur Western coal, particularly coal

mined in Wyoming. Coal from Wyoming is also lower

in heat content than the coal it supplements or

replaces. This emerging coal consumption pattern

reflects the phase-in of sulfur emission standards set

by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.

Coke Plant Use

The increase in the total amount of coal consumed at

U.S. coke plants during 1994 was attributable in part

to plants in Pennsylvania, where coke plant coal consumption rose by more than one-half million short

tons (5 percent) to 11 million short tons. This

increase, coupled with more coal consumed at coke

plants in Ohio and elsewhere, more than offset the 2

million short ton decline in coal consumption at coke

plants in Indiana.

Other Uses

The slight increase in total coal consumption at other

industrial plants during 1994 is primarily due to

increased use of coal by manufacturers. Coal consumption at manufacturing plants rose 1 million short

tons (2 percent) to 68 million short tons, accounting

for 90 percent of the coal consumed in the other

industrial category.1 This increase more than offset a

12-percent decline in coal consumption by the nonmanufacturing components of the other industrial category, primarily the agricultural, mining and

construction sectors.

1 Energy Information Administration "Quarterly Coal Report October - December 1994," DOE/EIA-0121 (94/4Q) (Washington, DC, May

1995), Table 50.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 125 
Coal consumption in the residential and commercial

sector in 1994 was 6 million short tons, 3 percent

lower than in 1993.

Coal Stocks

Consumer coal stocks at the end of 1994 went up 16

million short tons to 136 million short tons from 120

million short tons at the end of 1993, primarily

because of a 14-percent increase in coal inventories in

the electric utility sector (Table 68 and Table 70).

Electric utilities built up their coal stocks after the

1993 coal strike, which had left 1993 year-end utility

coal stocks at 111 million short tons, the lowest level

since 1976.Coal stocks at coke plants rose 11 percent,

while coal stocks at other industrial plants went down

2 percent (Table 72 and Table 74).

Foreign Markets

U.S. coal exports in 1994 totaled 71 million short

tons, 3 million short tons less than in 1993, and the

lowest level since 1979 (Table 76). The primary

reason for the decline in coal exports was the lower

demand for metallurgical coal (Table 77).

U.S. metallurgical coal exports in 1994 amounted to

47 million short tons, a decrease of 5 percent from

1993. The largest decline, 6 percent, was in

metallurgical coal shipments to Europe. In tonnage

terms, there were no substantial increases in

metallurgical coal exports to any of the importing

countries.

Total U.S. steam coal exports in 1994 were 24 million

short tons, a drop of 3 percent from the 1993 level

(Table 78). Steam coal accounted for 34 percent of

total U.S. coal exports in 1994, up from 33 percent in

1993.

126 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Domestic Markets

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 127 
Figure 11. U.S. Coal Consumption, 1985-1994

1

10

100

1000

1200

Million Short Tons (Logarithmic Units) 

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Total Consumption

Residential/Commercial

Other Industrial

Coke Plants

Electric Utilities

128 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1994

 Rank Company Name Plant Locations

Electric Utilities

1 Tennessee Valley Auth (AL) (KY) (TN)

2 Pacificorp (UT) (WA) (WY)

3 Texas Utilities Elec Co (TX)

4 Georgia Power Co (GA)

5 Detroit Edison Co (The) (MI)

6 Houston Lighting & Pwr Co (TX)

7 Alabama Power Co (AL)

8 Basin Elec Power Coop (ND) (WY)

9 Pennsylvania Elec Co (PA)

10 PSI Energy, Inc (IN)

11 Ohio Power Co (OH) (WV)

12 Commonwealth Edison Co (IL)

13 Northern States Power Co (MN) (WI)

14 Indiana Michigan Power Co (IN)

15 Duke Power Co (NC) (SC)

16 Arizona Public Service Co (AZ) (NM)

17 Union Electric Co (MO)

18 Kansas City Pwr & Lgt Co (KS) (MO)

19 Appalachian Power Co (VA) (WV)

20 Monongahela Power Co (WV)

21 Arkansas Power & Light Co (AR)

22 Salt River Project (AZ)

23 Montana Power Co (The) (MT)

24 Virginia Elec & Power Co (VA) (WV)

25 Southwestern Elec Pwr Co (AR) (TX)

26 Wisconsin Electric Pwr Co (MI) (WI)

27 Cincinnati Gas Elec Co (KY) (OH)

28 Public Service Co of Colo (CO)

29 Carolina Power & Light Co (NC) (SC)

30 KPL - Western Resources (KS)

31 Southwestern Pub Serv Co (TX)

32 Midwest Power (IA)

33 Oklahoma Gas & Elec Co (OK)

34 Dayton Pwr & Lgt Co (The) (OH)

35 Pennsylvania Pwr & Lgt Co (PA)

36 Ohio Edison Co (OH)

37 Consumers Power Co (MI)

38 Cooperative Power Asso (ND)

39 Northern Ind Pub Serv Co (IN)

40 Wisconsin Pwr & Lgt Co (WI)

41 Tampa Electric Co (FL)

42 Kentucky Utilities Co (KY)

43 Indianapolis Pwr & Lgt Co (IN)

44 Illinois Power Co (IL)

45 Pub Serv Co of New Mexico (NM)

46 Louisville Gas & Elec Co (KY)

47 Cajun Elec Power Coop Inc (LA)

48 Pennsylvania Power Co (PA)

49 Lower Colorado River Auth (TX)

50 Central Ill Public Ser Co (IL)

51 Central Louisiana Elec Co (LA)

52 Potomac Electric Pwr Co (MD) (VA)

53 Florida Power Corporation (FL)

54 Associated Elec Coop (MO)

55 Scana Corporation (SC)

56 Baltimore Gas & Elec Co (MD)

57 Tri-state G & T Assn Inc (CO)

58 So Carolina Pub Serv Auth (SC)

59 Los Angeles (City of) (UT)

60 Nebraska Pub Power Dist (NE)

61 West Penn Power Co (PA)

62 Big Rivers Electric Corp (KY)

63 San Antonio Pub Serv Brd (TX)

64 Southern Calif Edison Co (NV)

65 Cleveland Elec Illum Co (OH)

66 Minnkota Power Coop Inc (ND)

67 Columbus Southern Pwr Co (OH)

68 I E S Utilities Co (IA)

69 Cardinal Operating Co (OH)

70 Electric Energy Inc (IL)

71 Grand River Dam Authority (OK)

72 Indiana-Kentucky El Corp (IN)

73 Jacksonville (City of) (FL)

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 129 
Table 66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1994 (Continued)

 Company Name Plant Location

Top Ten Manufacturers

Aluminum Company of America (IN) (OH) (TN) (TX)

Archer Daniels Midland Co (IA) (IL) (MN) (NE)

Basin Electric Power Coop (ND)

Champion International Corp (AL) (FL) (ME) (MI) (MN) (NC) (NY) (OH)

E I Du Pont De Nemours & Co (DE) (KY) (MS) (NC) (NJ) (SC) (TN) (VA) (WV)

Eastman Kodak Company (AR) (NY) (SC) (TN) (TX)

General Motors Corporation (AL) (IL) (IN) (MI) (MO) (NY) (OH) (WI)

Hoechst AG (SC) (TX) (VA)

Holnam Inc (AL) (CO) (IA) (MI) (MO) (MS) (MT) (SC) (UT) (WA)

Westvaco Corporation (MD) (PA) (SD) (VA)

Other Major Manufacturers

A E Staley Manufacturing Co (IL) (IN) (TN)

Amalgamated Sugar Co (The) (ID) (OR)

American Crystal Sugar Co (MN) (ND)

Applied Energy Services Inc (PA)

Ash Grove Cement Company (AR) (KS) (MT) (NE) (OR) (TX) (UT)

Blue Circle Inc (AL) (GA) (NY) (OK) (SC)

Cargill Incorporated (GA) (IA) (MN) (NC) (OH) (TN) (VA)

CPC International Inc (IL) (NC)

Dow Chemical Company (The) (LA)

Elkem A/S (OH) (WV)

Essroc Materials Inc (FL) (IL) (IN) (MO) (OK) (PA) (TX)

Flexsys America, L.P. (AL) (IA) (ID) (IL) (MA) (WV)

Fort Howard Corporation (GA) (OK) (WI)

FMC Corporation (NC) (WV) (WY)

G E Company (IN) (KY) (PA)

Inland Steel Industries Inc (IN)

International Paper Company (AL) (LA) (PA) (SC) (WI)

Jefferson Smurfit Corporation (AL) (FL) (IL) (IN) (OH)

Kerr-McGee Corporation (CA)

Lafarge Corporation (IA) (IL) (KS) (MI) (MO) (OH) (PA) (TX)

Marblehead Lime Co (IL) (IN) (MI)

New King Fuel Co Inc (IA) (NC) (OH) (PA) (SC) (UT) (VA)

Packaging Corp. of America (AR) (GA) (MI) (VA) (WI)

PPG Industries Inc (WV)

Scott Paper Company (AL) (ME) (MI) (PA) (WI)

Southdown Inc (CA) (CO) (FL) (OH) (TN)

Stone Container Corporation (AZ) (FL) (MI) (SC) (VA)

Tenneco Inc (OH) (TN) (WY)

Union Camp Corporation (AL) (GA) (OH) (SC) (VA)

Willamette Industries Inc (MI) (OH) (TN)

Top Ten Coke Producers

AK Steel Corp (KY) (OH)

Bethlehem Steel Corp (IN) (MD) (NY) (PA)

Citizens Gas & Coke Utility (IN)

Drummond Company Inc (AL)

Geneva Steel Company (UT)

LTV Steel Company Inc (IL) (IN) (OH) (PA)

National Steel Corp (IL) (MI)

Sun Co Inc (VA)

USX Corporation (IN) (PA)

Wheeling Pittsburgh Steel Corp (WV)

Note: Major electric utility coal consumers are companies that consumed more than 3.6 million short tons of coal in 1994. Major manufacturers are the top 40 coal consumers in the manufacturing sector. Major coke producers are the top 10 coal consumers in the coke plant sector. Electric utilities are ranked by consumption and manufacturers and coke producers are listed in alphabetical order.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, • Electric Utilities: Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’• Manufacturers: Form EIA-3,

‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’• Coke Plants: Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

130 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 67. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

New England Total ....................... 6,553 6,485 7,298 7,012 6,771 6,766 1.0 −0.8 −0.3

Connecticut ................................... 862 788 849 856 971 815 9.4 −2.9 .6

Maine ............................................. 464 449 856 374 265 206 3.4 15.0 9.5

Massachusetts ............................. 3,932 3,811 4,257 4,451 4,337 4,176 3.2 −2.4 −.7

New Hampshire ............................ 1,287 1,428 1,311 1,315 1,186 1,481 −9.9 2.0 −1.5

Rhode Island ................................ 3 3 5 4 5 9 .9 −10.9 −10.1

Vermont ......................................... 5 6 20 12 8 80 −15.9 −11.5 −26.7

Middle Atlantic Total ................... 67,536 70,389 71,418 70,594 73,812 72,440 −4.0 −2.2 −.8

New Jersey ................................... 1,969 2,353 2,348 2,326 3,029 3,943 −16.3 −10.2 −7.4

New York ...................................... 11,474 11,878 12,996 13,338 13,465 11,944 −3.4 −3.9 −.4

Pennsylvania ................................. 54,094 56,158 56,074 54,931 57,319 56,553 −3.7 −1.4 −.5

East North Central Total ............. 213,188 210,632 200,660 208,583 209,619 199,699 1.2 .4 .7

Illinois ............................................. 39,077 38,135 31,599 34,677 33,904 37,601 2.5 3.6 .4

Indiana ........................................... 59,996 60,353 58,765 60,790 61,701 53,291 −.6 −.7 1.3

Michigan ........................................ 35,674 32,217 31,554 33,879 34,713 32,794 10.7 .7 .9

Ohio ............................................... 56,711 59,031 58,671 58,578 59,205 57,979 −3.9 −1.1 −.2

Wisconsin ...................................... 21,731 20,897 20,071 20,659 20,097 18,034 4.0 2.0 2.1

West North Central Total ........... 125,591 120,940 115,505 116,707 116,268 98,849 3.8 1.9 2.7

Iowa ............................................... 19,341 19,188 17,992 18,741 17,929 14,342 .8 1.9 3.4

Kansas .......................................... 17,158 17,386 14,227 14,881 15,175 14,715 −1.3 3.1 1.7

Minnesota ..................................... 18,729 18,321 16,924 16,993 18,377 12,744 2.2 .5 4.4

Missouri ......................................... 27,663 23,381 25,180 25,773 25,836 24,733 18.3 1.7 1.3

Nebraska ....................................... 9,300 9,666 8,212 8,859 8,266 6,653 −3.8 3.0 3.8

North Dakota ................................ 30,363 30,302 30,301 28,597 28,114 22,958 .2 1.9 3.1

South Dakota ............................... 3,036 2,696 2,670 2,863 2,571 2,703 12.6 4.3 1.3

South Atlantic Total ..................... 151,935 150,580 144,178 144,073 149,455 141,214 .9 .4 .8

Delaware ....................................... 2,226 2,446 1,770 2,186 2,293 2,766 −9.0 −.7 −2.4

District of Columbia ..................... 47 51 50 66 69 140 −8.5 −9.4 −11.5

Florida ........................................... 26,082 26,430 26,368 26,004 25,233 19,305 −1.3 .8 3.4

Georgia .......................................... 29,254 27,081 25,481 26,957 30,067 29,898 8.0 −.7 −.2

Maryland ....................................... 10,491 10,268 9,713 10,709 11,193 10,013 2.2 −1.6 .5

North Carolina .............................. 23,282 25,760 24,075 20,877 21,150 22,052 −9.6 2.4 .6

South Carolina .............................. 12,993 12,914 11,285 11,451 11,447 10,479 .6 3.2 2.4

Virginia ........................................... 12,792 13,584 13,418 13,980 13,105 11,656 −5.8 −.6 1.0

West Virginia ................................ 34,767 32,046 32,019 31,843 34,896 34,907 8.5 −.1 *

East South Central Total ............ 99,289 104,027 93,804 90,785 91,126 87,683 −4.5 2.2 1.4

Alabama ........................................ 31,473 33,047 31,510 29,349 27,640 27,069 −4.8 3.3 1.7

Kentucky ....................................... 38,090 39,095 34,704 34,517 34,449 30,990 −2.6 2.5 2.3

Mississippi ..................................... 4,285 4,030 3,485 3,812 4,159 4,519 6.3 .8 −.6

Tennessee .................................... 25,440 27,854 24,106 23,107 24,878 25,105 −8.7 .5 .1

West South Central Total ........... 138,251 140,797 135,210 133,635 131,478 112,519 −1.8 1.3 2.3

Arkansas ....................................... 12,596 11,447 12,538 12,261 12,092 12,682 10.0 1.0 −.1

Louisiana ....................................... 14,100 13,676 13,674 12,965 12,547 9,217 3.1 2.9 4.8

Oklahoma ...................................... 17,726 18,866 17,430 16,345 15,423 13,602 −6.0 3.5 3.0

Texas ............................................. 93,829 96,809 91,568 92,064 91,415 77,017 −3.1 .6 2.2

Mountain Total .............................. 115,695 110,673 112,163 105,177 107,158 89,391 4.5 1.9 2.9

Arizona .......................................... 19,580 18,991 17,915 16,805 16,419 16,364 3.1 4.5 2.0

Colorado ........................................ 17,475 17,070 16,696 16,218 16,710 15,242 2.4 1.1 1.5

Idaho .............................................. 534 528 535 673 549 486 1.0 −.7 1.0

Montana ........................................ 11,089 9,247 11,040 10,549 9,676 5,713 19.9 3.5 7.6

Nevada .......................................... 7,968 7,806 8,088 8,091 7,442 5,539 2.1 1.7 4.1

New Mexico .................................. 15,374 15,012 14,832 12,858 15,111 14,589 2.4 .4 .6

Utah ............................................... 16,216 15,848 15,719 14,834 15,738 8,303 2.3 .8 7.7

Wyoming ....................................... 27,459 26,171 27,339 25,150 25,514 23,155 4.9 1.8 1.9

Pacific Total ................................... 12,162 11,422 12,186 11,055 9,792 8,929 6.5 5.6 3.5

Alaska ............................................ 796 863 792 802 784 733 −7.7 .4 .9

California ....................................... 2,498 2,453 2,821 2,816 2,899 1,942 1.8 −3.6 2.8

Hawaii ............................................ 86 73 47 37 28 46 17.6 32.4 7.3

Oregon .......................................... 2,479 2,099 2,124 1,940 934 592 18.1 27.6 17.2

Washington ................................... 6,303 5,934 6,402 5,461 5,147 5,616 6.2 5.2 1.3

U.S. Total ........................................ 930,201 925,944 892,421 887,621 895,480 818,049 .4 .9 1.4

* Data round to zero.

Note: U.S. Total does not include coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 131 
Figure 12. U.S. Consumer Coal Stocks, 1985-1994

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Million Short Tons

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Total Consumer Stocks

Industrial and Coke Plants

Electric Utilities

132 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 68. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

New England Total ....................... 1,117 989 1,253 1,134 1,145 999 13.0 −0.6 1.2

Connecticut ................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ............................. w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ............................ w w w w w w w w w

Rhode Island ................................ − − − − w ww w w

Vermont ......................................... − − − − − ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total ................... 14,068 14,060 19,486 18,246 18,776 17,859 * −7.0 −2.6

New Jersey ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New York ...................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ................................. 12,060 12,265 15,976 15,546 15,426 14,763 −1.7 −6.0 −2.2

East North Central Total ............. 35,833 30,162 43,661 43,179 45,411 46,405 18.8 −5.8 −2.8

Illinois ............................................. w w w w w 7,836 w w w

Indiana ........................................... 11,707 7,798 12,507 11,387 12,226 12,869 50.1 −1.1 −1.0

Michigan ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Ohio ............................................... 7,815 7,630 10,804 10,618 10,471 9,727 2.4 −7.0 −2.4

Wisconsin ...................................... 3,436 3,193 w w w w 7.6 w w

West North Central Total ........... 17,717 14,898wwww 18.9 w w

Iowa ............................................... 4,178 3,819 4,857 5,133 4,920 5,013 9.4 −4.0 −2.0

Kansas .......................................... 2,623 2,024 2,759 3,321 3,742 3,573 29.6 −8.5 −3.4

Minnesota ..................................... 2,234 1,250 2,252 2,693 2,336 4,109 78.7 −1.1 −6.5

Missouri ......................................... 4,570 3,704wwww 23.4 w w

Nebraska ....................................... w w w w w 2,065 w w w

North Dakota ................................ w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota ............................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total ..................... 24,427 19,092 29,282 29,952 29,422 25,615 27.9 −4.5 −.5

Delaware ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida ........................................... 3,914 3,541 4,121 4,880 4,972 2,997 10.5 −5.8 3.0

Georgia .......................................... 4,843 2,926 4,836 5,419 5,704 5,339 65.5 −4.0 −1.1

Maryland ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Carolina .............................. 4,318 3,059 4,715 4,866 4,659 5,391 41.1 −1.9 −2.4

South Carolina .............................. 2,533 1,893 2,451 2,241 2,316 1,933 33.8 2.3 3.0

Virginia ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia ................................ w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total ............ 11,267 9,277 14,400 15,026 16,846 17,099 21.4 −9.6 −4.5

Alabama ........................................ 4,132 2,797 4,529 4,671 4,372 4,833 47.7 −1.4 −1.7

Kentucky ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Mississippi ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee .................................... 1,764 1,877wwww −6.0 w w

West South Central Total ........... 15,959 15,105 16,898 18,318 w 19,717 5.6 w −2.3

Arkansas ....................................... 1,777 1,881 1,591 2,165 1,735 2,567 −5.5 .6 −4.0

Louisiana ....................................... 1,922 2,000 1,755 2,301 2,503 w −3.9 −6.4 w

Oklahoma ...................................... 2,467 2,052 3,161 2,919 2,721 4,374 20.2 −2.4 −6.2

Texas ............................................. 9,793 9,172 10,392 10,932 w w 6.8 w w

Mountain Total .............................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona .......................................... 3,242 3,717 3,596 4,229 3,129 w −12.8 .9 w

Colorado ........................................ 3,145 3,454 3,439 3,487 3,334 w −8.9 −1.4 w

Idaho .............................................. 78 86 101 79 140 66 −9.5 −13.6 1.9

Montana ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Wyoming ....................................... 2,553 1,841 2,242 2,835 3,293 w 38.6 −6.2 w

Pacific Total ................................... w w w w w w w w w

Alaska ............................................ 2 5 6 8 w w −49.8 w w

California ....................................... 126 93 109 139 122 w 35.5 .8 w

Hawaii ............................................ w w w w w 17 w w w

Oregon .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Washington ................................... 569 459 736 1,194 1,378 398 24.0 −19.8 4.0

U.S. Total ........................................ 136,139 120,458 163,692 167,711 168,210 170,234 13.0 −5.1 −2.4

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Stocks for the residential and commercial sector are not included. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form

EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 133 
Table 69. Coal Consumption at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State,

1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

New England Total ....................... 5,945 5,736 6,112 6,421 6,305 6,098 3.6 −1.4 −0.3

Connecticut ................................... 821 745 817 840 958 774 10.3 −3.8 .7

Massachusetts ............................. 3,845 3,652 4,044 4,339 4,201 3,863 5.3 −2.2 *

New Hampshire ............................ 1,279 1,339 1,251 1,242 1,146 1,433 −4.5 2.8 −1.3

Vermont ......................................... − − − − − 28 −− −

Middle Atlantic Total ................... 48,326 51,079 52,488 52,617 54,197 52,976 −5.4 −2.8 −1.0

New Jersey ................................... 1,887 2,123 2,118 2,081 2,740 3,476 −11.1 −8.9 −6.6

New York ...................................... 8,395 8,699 9,963 9,874 9,993 7,787 −3.5 −4.3 .8

Pennsylvania ................................. 38,044 40,257 40,407 40,662 41,465 41,713 −5.5 −2.1 −1.0

East North Central Total ............. 183,282 179,833 169,029 173,718 171,756 158,390 1.9 1.6 1.6

Illinois ............................................. 32,599 31,744 25,264 27,754 27,396 31,608 2.7 4.4 .3

Indiana ........................................... 50,554 48,836 46,937 47,720 47,654 38,310 3.5 1.5 3.1

Michigan ........................................ 31,106 28,749 28,238 29,896 29,726 25,896 8.2 1.1 2.0

Ohio ............................................... 49,326 51,456 50,358 49,577 48,848 46,700 −4.1 .2 .6

Wisconsin ...................................... 19,696 19,049 18,231 18,771 18,133 15,876 3.4 2.1 2.4

West North Central Total ........... 111,672 107,584 102,557 104,246 103,445 87,259 3.8 1.9 2.8

Iowa ............................................... 16,565 16,623 15,357 15,846 15,331 12,491 −.3 1.9 3.2

Kansas .......................................... 16,989 17,226 14,068 14,732 15,018 14,351 −1.4 3.1 1.9

Minnesota ..................................... 17,046 16,844 15,841 16,114 16,916 11,498 1.2 .2 4.5

Missouri ......................................... 26,375 21,945 23,815 24,286 24,231 22,779 20.2 2.1 1.6

Nebraska ....................................... 8,879 9,297 7,881 8,524 8,027 6,380 −4.5 2.5 3.7

North Dakota ................................ 23,248 23,290 23,192 22,174 21,579 17,354 −.2 1.9 3.3

South Dakota ............................... 2,570 2,360 2,402 2,570 2,345 2,407 8.9 2.3 .7

South Atlantic Total ..................... 133,984 132,885 126,093 123,729 128,072 122,187 .8 1.1 1.0

Delaware ....................................... 2,007 2,223 1,628 1,958 2,056 2,543 −9.7 −.6 −2.6

Florida ........................................... 24,758 25,108 25,016 24,870 24,022 18,283 −1.4 .8 3.4

Georgia .......................................... 27,293 25,339 23,656 24,848 27,812 28,285 7.7 −.5 −.4

Maryland ....................................... 9,717 9,521 8,993 8,632 8,945 7,046 2.0 2.1 3.6

North Carolina .............................. 20,624 23,055 21,011 18,078 18,005 19,610 −10.5 3.4 .6

South Carolina .............................. 10,597 10,410 9,078 9,218 9,131 7,888 1.8 3.8 3.3

Virginia ........................................... 8,670 9,447 8,661 8,568 8,228 7,166 −8.2 1.3 2.1

West Virginia ................................ 30,318 27,782 28,050 27,557 29,873 31,367 9.1 .4 −.4

East South Central Total ............ 85,622 90,365 80,203 77,917 77,579 73,750 −5.2 2.5 1.7

Alabama ........................................ 25,817 27,533 24,988 23,700 22,010 21,545 −6.2 4.1 2.0

Kentucky ....................................... 34,564 35,264 31,715 31,432 30,867 27,085 −2.0 2.9 2.7

Mississippi ..................................... 3,989 3,767 3,237 3,570 3,888 4,267 5.9 .6 −.7

Tennessee .................................... 21,253 23,801 20,263 19,216 20,814 20,853 −10.7 .5 .2

West South Central Total ........... 131,168 134,009 129,351 127,908 125,698 105,627 −2.1 1.1 2.4

Arkansas ....................................... 12,250 11,116 12,241 11,978 11,836 12,302 10.2 .9 *

Louisiana ....................................... 13,479 13,089 13,077 12,406 11,748 8,760 3.0 3.5 4.9

Oklahoma ...................................... 16,961 17,668 16,699 15,668 14,866 12,747 −4.0 3.3 3.2

Texas ............................................. 88,479 92,135 87,333 87,856 87,248 71,818 −4.0 .3 2.3

Mountain Total .............................. 108,651 104,093 105,609 98,400 100,505 81,647 4.4 2.0 3.2

Arizona .......................................... 18,853 18,316 17,280 16,116 15,758 14,448 2.9 4.6 3.0

Colorado ........................................ 16,596 16,252 15,902 15,416 15,924 14,295 2.1 1.0 1.7

Montana ........................................ 10,513 8,869 10,768 10,223 9,399 5,480 18.5 2.8 7.5

Nevada .......................................... 7,772 7,608 7,914 7,892 7,270 5,427 2.1 1.7 4.1

New Mexico .................................. 15,297 14,942 14,775 12,809 15,065 14,498 2.4 .4 .6

Utah ............................................... 14,269 13,995 13,857 12,829 13,563 6,325 2.0 1.3 9.5

Wyoming ....................................... 25,350 24,111 25,114 23,115 23,526 21,173 5.1 1.9 2.0

Pacific Total ................................... 8,621 7,924 8,419 7,313 5,992 5,907 8.8 9.5 4.3

Alaska ............................................ 271 298 277 298 290 296 −8.8 −1.7 −1.0

Oregon .......................................... 2,333 1,981 1,994 1,831 850 418 17.8 28.7 21.0

Washington ................................... 6,016 5,646 6,148 5,184 4,852 5,192 6.5 5.5 1.6

U.S. Total ........................................ 817,270 813,508 779,860 772,268 773,549 693,841 .5 1.4 1.8

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

134 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 70. Year-End Coal Stocks at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division

and State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

New England Total ....................... 1,079 967 1,237 1,128 1,113 992 11.5 −0.8 0.9

Connecticut ................................... 202 160 150 173 140 − 26.0 9.6 −

Massachusetts ............................. 629 449 727 583 597 613 40.0 1.3 .3

New Hampshire ............................ 248 358 361 373 348 340 −30.8 −8.1 −3.4

Rhode Island ................................ − − − − 28 28 −− −

Vermont ......................................... − − − − − 12 −− −

Middle Atlantic Total ................... 12,687 12,564 17,743 16,638 17,148 16,163 1.0 −7.3 −2.6

New Jersey ................................... 688 501 771 681 740 843 37.3 −1.8 −2.2

New York ...................................... 999 953 2,106 1,546 2,045 1,692 4.9 −16.4 −5.7

Pennsylvania ................................. 11,000 11,110 14,866 14,412 14,363 13,628 −1.0 −6.4 −2.3

East North Central Total ............. 32,088 27,296 40,250 39,394 40,740 40,841 17.5 −5.8 −2.6

Illinois ............................................. 4,526 4,019 7,399 6,977 7,398 6,977 12.6 −11.6 −4.7

Indiana ........................................... 10,449 6,935 11,294 9,953 10,610 11,322 50.7 −.4 −.9

Michigan ........................................ 6,505 6,206 7,402 8,099 9,093 8,881 4.8 −8.0 −3.4

Ohio ............................................... 7,499 7,249 10,395 10,213 9,956 8,976 3.4 −6.8 −2.0

Wisconsin ...................................... 3,109 2,887 3,760 4,151 3,683 4,686 7.7 −4.1 −4.4

West North Central Total ........... 16,739 14,123 19,712 20,169 19,324 23,392 18.5 −3.5 −3.6

Iowa ............................................... 3,642 3,401 4,301 4,499 4,206 4,416 7.1 −3.5 −2.1

Kansas .......................................... 2,610 2,008 2,747 3,310 3,729 3,513 30.0 −8.5 −3.2

Minnesota ..................................... 2,134 1,182 2,175 2,616 2,253 3,942 80.5 −1.3 −6.6

Missouri ......................................... 4,410 3,555 6,211 5,458 4,434 6,049 24.0 −.1 −3.4

Nebraska ....................................... 1,276 1,272 1,798 1,976 1,589 2,036 .3 −5.3 −5.0

North Dakota ................................ 2,406 2,417 2,194 1,999 2,828 3,137 −.4 −3.9 −2.9

South Dakota ............................... 259 287 285 312 286 300 −9.7 −2.5 −1.6

South Atlantic Total ..................... 23,226 17,877 27,977 28,746 27,799 24,019 29.9 −4.4 −.4

Delaware ....................................... 470 192 361 458 406 434 144.5 3.7 .9

Florida ........................................... 3,813 3,451 4,021 4,781 4,822 2,905 10.5 −5.7 3.1

Georgia .......................................... 4,699 2,825 4,692 5,251 5,473 5,157 66.3 −3.7 −1.0

Maryland ....................................... 1,306 1,455 2,400 2,220 2,114 1,636 −10.2 −11.3 −2.5

North Carolina .............................. 4,139 2,887 4,512 4,657 4,419 5,129 43.3 −1.6 −2.3

South Carolina .............................. 2,255 1,648 2,206 1,988 2,052 1,624 36.8 2.4 3.7

Virginia ........................................... 2,064 1,418 1,922 1,685 1,639 1,682 45.5 5.9 2.3

West Virginia ................................ 4,479 4,001 7,863 7,707 6,874 5,453 11.9 −10.1 −2.2

East South Central Total ............ 10,317 8,370 13,401 14,210 15,876 15,992 23.3 −10.2 −4.8

Alabama ........................................ 3,652 2,331 4,071 4,247 3,869 4,324 56.6 −1.4 −1.8

Kentucky ....................................... 4,466 3,990 5,415 5,881 7,612 6,864 11.9 −12.5 −4.7

Mississippi ..................................... 690 417 899 933 799 957 65.6 −3.6 −3.6

Tennessee .................................... 1,509 1,632 3,016 3,148 3,596 3,846 −7.5 −19.5 −9.9

West South Central Total ........... 15,520 13,867 16,483 17,694 15,344 17,788 11.9 .3 −1.5

Arkansas ....................................... 1,751 1,866 1,572 2,150 1,722 2,513 −6.1 .4 −3.9

Louisiana ....................................... 1,872 1,932 1,701 2,235 2,458 1,978 −3.1 −6.6 −.6

Oklahoma ...................................... 2,319 1,944 3,066 2,835 2,633 4,194 19.3 −3.1 −6.4

Texas ............................................. 9,578 8,125 10,143 10,474 8,531 9,103 17.9 2.9 .6

Mountain Total .............................. 14,559 15,529 16,009 18,086 16,828 16,626 −6.2 −3.5 −1.5

Arizona .......................................... 3,197 3,687 3,543 4,177 3,090 3,163 −13.3 .8 .1

Colorado ........................................ 3,118 3,428 3,410 3,466 3,298 4,989 −9.0 −1.4 −5.1

Montana ........................................ 517 721 735 741 767 634 −28.2 −9.4 −2.2

Nevada .......................................... 1,034 1,195 1,447 1,412 1,222 1,387 −13.5 −4.1 −3.2

New Mexico .................................. 1,462 1,506 1,570 1,399 1,538 1,434 −2.9 −1.3 .2

Utah ............................................... 2,753 3,264 3,153 4,123 3,697 997 −15.6 −7.1 11.9

Wyoming ....................................... 2,476 1,728 2,153 2,767 3,215 4,022 43.3 −6.3 −5.2

Pacific Total ................................... 683 748 1,317 1,812 1,993 563 −8.7 −23.5 2.2

Alaska ............................................ 2 5 6 8 2 2 −49.8 1.8 1.4

Oregon .......................................... 150 312 615 660 675 184 −52.0 −31.4 −2.2

Washington ................................... 531 431 697 1,145 1,316 378 23.2 −20.3 3.9

U.S. Total ........................................ 126,897 111,341 154,130 157,876 156,166 156,376 14.0 −5.0 −2.3

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 135 
Table 71. Coal Consumption at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and

State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

New England Total ....................... 553 647 1,045 507 325 386 −14.6 14.2 4.1

Connecticut ................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ............................. w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ............................ − w w w w w w w w

Rhode Island ................................ − w − − w ww w w

Vermont ......................................... − w w w w w w w w

Middle Atlantic Total ................... w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New York ...................................... 1,559 1,704 1,610 1,959 1,844 2,565 −8.5 −4.1 −5.4

Pennsylvania ................................. 4,044 4,311 4,173 4,049 4,090 3,852 −6.2 −.3 .5

East North Central Total ............. 17,098 17,699 16,931 18,670 18,886 19,789 −3.4 −2.4 −1.6

Illinois ............................................. 4,187 3,970 3,736 4,426 3,888 3,399 5.5 1.9 2.3

Indiana ........................................... 4,244 4,587 4,263 4,404 4,629 5,119 −7.5 −2.1 −2.1

Michigan ........................................ 2,890 3,230 3,127 3,149 3,656 3,962 −10.5 −5.7 −3.4

Ohio ............................................... 3,794 4,100 3,970 4,813 4,753 5,178 −7.5 −5.5 −3.4

Wisconsin ...................................... 1,984 1,811 1,835 1,878 1,960 2,131 9.5 .3 −.8

West North Central Total ........... 13,238 12,753 12,505 11,741 11,972 10,476 3.8 2.5 2.6

Iowa ............................................... 2,735 2,494 2,571 2,672 2,353 1,572 9.6 3.8 6.3

Kansas .......................................... 137 137 158 148 157 363 * −3.3 −10.3

Minnesota ..................................... 1,455 1,370 1,059 785 1,283 1,027 6.2 3.2 3.9

Missouri ......................................... 1,070 1,177 1,137 1,235 1,321 1,565 −9.1 −5.1 −4.1

Nebraska ....................................... w w w w w 261 w w w

North Dakota ................................ w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota ............................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total ..................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida ........................................... 1,303 1,307 1,335 1,133 1,207 911 −.2 1.9 4.0

Georgia .......................................... 1,933 1,720 1,787 2,101 2,232 1,575 12.4 −3.5 2.3

Maryland ....................................... 738 731 706 1,040 945 718 1.0 −6.0 .3

North Carolina .............................. 2,396 2,476 2,860 2,702 2,989 2,247 −3.2 −5.4 .7

South Carolina .............................. 2,334 2,395 2,177 2,212 2,310 2,525 −2.5 .3 −.9

Virginia ........................................... 2,838 2,863 3,592 4,301 3,756 3,334 −.9 −6.8 −1.8

West Virginia ................................ 2,637 2,406 2,266 2,310 2,918 2,086 9.6 −2.5 2.6

East South Central Total ............ w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ........................................ 2,394 2,268 3,136 2,468 2,237 2,541 5.5 1.7 −.7

Kentucky ....................................... 1,994 2,392 1,648 2,044 2,253 2,510 −16.6 −3.0 −2.5

Mississippi ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee .................................... 4,097 3,942 3,686 3,702 3,779 3,949 3.9 2.0 .4

West South Central Total ........... 7,082 6,780 5,846 5,716 5,769 w 4.4 5.3 w

Arkansas ....................................... 346 330 295 283 256 379 4.8 7.8 −1.0

Louisiana ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma ...................................... w w w w w 852 w w w

Texas ............................................. 5,350 4,667 4,225 4,198 4,157 4,788 14.6 6.5 1.2

Mountain Total .............................. 5,614 5,163 4,973 4,954 4,841 5,909 8.7 3.8 −.6

Arizona .......................................... 727 674 632 689 660 w 7.8 2.4 w

Colorado ........................................ 857 780 735 738 729 791 9.8 4.1 .9

Idaho .............................................. 494 486 484 604 489 439 1.7 .3 1.3

Montana ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah ............................................... 835 727 525 508 676 472 14.9 5.4 6.5

Wyoming ....................................... 1,867 1,873 2,126 1,896 1,857 w −.3 .1 w

Pacific Total ................................... 2,769 2,677 3,161 3,113 3,214 2,313 3.4 −3.6 2.0

Alaska ............................................ w 2 − − − − ww w

California ....................................... 2,332 2,311 2,821 2,771 2,874 1,889 .9 −5.1 2.4

Hawaii ............................................ w w w w w 46 w w w

Oregon .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Washington ................................... 201 174 163 197 229 208 15.8 −3.2 −.3

U.S. Total ........................................ 75,179 74,892 74,042 75,405 76,330 75,372 .4 −.4 *

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

136 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 72. Year-End Coal Stocks at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division

and State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

New England Total ....................... 38 21 16 6 32 7 80.5 4.9 20.5

Connecticut ................................... − − − − − ww w w

Maine ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ............................. w w w w w w NM w w

New Hampshire ............................ − − − − − ww w w

Vermont ......................................... − − − − − ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total ................... w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New York ...................................... 250 321 402 296 365 390 −22.0 −9.0 −4.8

Pennsylvania ................................. 298 287 306 282 330 390 3.6 −2.5 −2.9

East North Central Total ............. 2,462 2,044 2,505 2,583 2,955 3,523 20.5 −4.5 −3.9

Illinois ............................................. 426 368 389 422 508 534 15.7 −4.3 −2.5

Indiana ........................................... 690 470 732 764 856 841 47.0 −5.2 −2.2

Michigan ........................................ 865 702 882 891 1,046 1,126 23.2 −4.6 −2.9

Ohio ............................................... 153 198 228 190 216 418 −22.7 −8.3 −10.6

Wisconsin ...................................... 328 306 274 315 330 604 7.0 −.1 −6.6

West North Central Total ........... 978 775 1,020 1,163 1,156 1,174 26.2 −4.1 −2.0

Iowa ............................................... 535 418 556 635 714 597 28.1 −6.9 −1.2

Kansas .......................................... 13 16 11 10 13 60 −15.1 .7 −15.4

Minnesota ..................................... 99 68 77 78 84 167 47.0 4.3 −5.6

Missouri ......................................... 159 148 227 210 177 225 7.3 −2.7 −3.8

Nebraska ....................................... w w w w w 29 w w w

North Dakota ................................ w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota ............................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total ..................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida ........................................... 101 90 100 99 151 92 11.8 −9.6 .9

Georgia .......................................... 144 101 144 167 231 183 42.8 −11.2 −2.6

Maryland ....................................... 36 41 35 37 35 44 −12.2 .8 −2.1

North Carolina .............................. 179 172 203 209 240 262 4.2 −7.1 −4.1

South Carolina .............................. 278 245 245 253 263 308 13.4 1.4 −1.1

Virginia ........................................... 217 216 275 206 308 372 .4 −8.4 −5.8

West Virginia ................................ 130 167 156 131 192 204 −22.1 −9.3 −4.9

East South Central Total ............ w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ........................................ 183 132 127 131 183 298 38.0 * −5.3

Kentucky ....................................... 112 73 127 123 142 178 52.2 −5.8 −5.0

Mississippi ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee .................................... 256 246 270 219 233 346 3.9 2.3 −3.3

West South Central Total ........... 439 1,218 395 603 1,214 w −63.9 −22.4 w

Arkansas ....................................... 26 15 19 15 13 54 68.3 18.3 −8.0

Louisiana ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma ...................................... w w w w w 181 w w w

Texas ............................................. 215 1,026 228 437 1,067 1,639 −79.0 −33.0 −20.2

Mountain Total .............................. 267 332 360 307 417 416 −19.7 −10.6 −4.8

Arizona .......................................... 45 30 53 52 39 w 47.9 3.7 w

Colorado ........................................ 26 25 29 21 36 54 3.8 −7.9 −7.8

Idaho .............................................. 78 86 101 79 140 66 −9.5 −13.6 1.9

Montana ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah ............................................... 13 20 26 39 60 151 −35.0 −31.4 −23.7

Wyoming ....................................... 77 113 89 68 78 w −32.1 −.3 w

Pacific Total ................................... w w w w w w w w w

California ....................................... 126 93 109 139 122 225 35.5 .8 −6.3

Hawaii ............................................ w w w w w 17 w w w

Oregon .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Washington ................................... 38 27 39 49 62 20 37.3 −11.9 7.3

U.S. Total ........................................ 6,585 6,716 6,965 7,061 8,716 10,438 −1.9 −6.8 −5.0

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500.

Notes: Other industrial plants include manufacturing plants only. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 137 
Table 73. Coal Carbonized at Coke Plants by Census Division and State,

1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Middle Atlantic Total ................... w w w w w ww w w

New York ...................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ................................. 10,849 10,333 9,868 8,812 10,456 9,762 5.0 0.9 1.2

East North Central Total ............. 11,356 11,643 13,224 14,742 17,233 19,622 −2.5 −9.9 −5.9

Illinois ............................................. w w w w w 2,358 w w w

Indiana ........................................... 4,841 6,591 7,153 8,234 8,867 9,338 −26.5 −14.0 −7.0

Michigan ........................................ w − − w w w w w w

Ohio ............................................... 3,092 2,892 3,755 3,698 4,949 5,242 6.9 −11.1 −5.7

West North Central Total ........... −−−−− w − w w

Missouri ......................................... − − − − − w − w w

South Atlantic Total ..................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland ....................................... − − − w w ww w w

Virginia ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia ................................ w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total ............ w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ........................................ 3,253 3,206 3,297 3,166 3,288 2,883 1.4 −.3 1.3

Kentucky ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee .................................... − − − www − w w

West South Central Total ........... −−−−− w − w w

Texas ............................................. − − − − − w − w w

Mountain Total .............................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total ........................................ 31,740 31,323 32,366 33,854 38,877 41,056 1.3 −4.9 −2.8

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

Table 74. Year-End Coal Stocks at Coke Plants by Census Division and State,

1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Middle Atlantic Total ................... w w w w w ww w w

New York ...................................... w w w w w w NM w w

Pennsylvania ................................. 762 868 804 852 733 745 −12.1 1.0 0.3

East North Central Total ............. 1,282 822 906 1,203 1,716 2,041 55.9 −7.0 −5.0

Illinois ............................................. w w w w w 326 w w w

Indiana ........................................... 567 394 481 669 761 707 44.1 −7.1 −2.4

Michigan ........................................ w − − w w w w w w

Ohio ............................................... 163 183 180 215 299 332 −10.9 −14.0 −7.6

West North Central Total ........... −−−−− w − w w

Missouri ......................................... − − − − − w − w w

South Atlantic Total ..................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland ....................................... − − − w w ww w w

Virginia ........................................... − − w − − − ww w

West Virginia ................................ w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total ............ w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ........................................ 297 333 332 293 320 211 −10.9 −1.8 3.9

Kentucky ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee .................................... − − − − w ww w w

West South Central Total ........... − 21 21 21 w w − w w

Texas ............................................. − 21 21 21 w w − w w

Mountain Total .............................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total ........................................ 2,657 2,401 2,597 2,773 3,329 3,420 10.6 −5.5 −2.8

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

138 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 75. Coal Consumption by Residential and Commercial Sector, by Census

Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

New England Total ....................... 56 102 141 84 142 282 −45.1 −20.8 −16.5

Connecticut ................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ............................. w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ............................ w w w w w w w w w

Rhode Island ................................ w w w w w w w w w

Vermont ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Middle Atlantic Total ................... 1,351 1,498 1,916 1,698 1,594 1,767 −9.8 −4.0 −2.9

New Jersey ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New York ...................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ................................. 1,156 1,257 1,626 1,408 1,308 1,226 −8.0 −3.0 −.6

East North Central Total ............. 1,452 1,458 1,476 1,453 1,743 1,898 −.4 −4.5 −2.9

Illinois ............................................. w w w w w 236 w w w

Indiana ........................................... 356 339 411 433 551 524 5.0 −10.3 −4.2

Michigan ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Ohio ............................................... 498 584 588 489 654 859 −14.6 −6.6 −5.9

Wisconsin ...................................... w w w w w w w w w

West North Central Total ........... w w w w w ww w w

Iowa ............................................... 40 70 64 223 245 278 −42.4 −36.3 −19.3

Kansas .......................................... 32 23***1 40.8 207.1 43.5

Minnesota ..................................... 229 107 25 94 179 219 113.1 6.4 .5

Missouri ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Nebraska ....................................... w w w w w 12 w w w

North Dakota ................................ w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota ............................... w w w w w w NM w w

South Atlantic Total ..................... 887 904 632 490 744 999 −1.9 4.5 −1.3

Delaware ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

District of Columbia ..................... 47 51 50 66 69 140 −8.5 −9.4 −11.5

Florida ........................................... 20 16 16 * 5 110 27.6 44.4 −17.2

Georgia .......................................... 28 22 38 8 22 38 29.0 6.3 −3.2

Maryland ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Carolina .............................. 263 229 204 97 156 195 14.7 13.8 3.4

South Carolina .............................. 61 109 31 22 6 66 −43.8 75.7 −.8

Virginia ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia ................................ w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total ............ 386 417 458 376 473 474 −7.4 −4.9 −2.2

Alabama ........................................ 11 40 89 17 105 99 −73.4 −43.5 −22.0

Kentucky ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Mississippi ..................................... − w w w w w w w w

Tennessee .................................... w w w w w w w w w

West South Central Total ........... 1 8 13 12 11 11 −83.0 −40.1 −20.9

Arkansas ....................................... * 1 2 * * 1 −60.7 12.3 −12.4

Louisiana ....................................... − w − w − − ww w

Oklahoma ...................................... w w w w * 3 w w w

Texas ............................................. * 6 10 11 w w −98.9 w w

Mountain Total .............................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona .......................................... * 1 4 * w w −90.4 w w

Colorado ........................................ 23 38 58 65 w w −39.4 w w

Idaho .............................................. 40 43 51 68 61 47 −6.4 −9.8 −1.6

Montana ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Wyoming ....................................... 242 187 99 138 w w 29.3 w w

Pacific Total ................................... 773 821 607 630 w w −5.8 w w

Alaska ............................................ 520 563 514 504 w w −7.7 w w

California ....................................... 166 142 * 44 w w 17.0 w w

Hawaii ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Washington ................................... 86 114 91 80 66 216 −24.4 6.9 −9.7

U.S. Total ........................................ 6,013 6,221 6,153 6,094 6,724 7,779 −3.3 −2.8 −2.8

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 139 
Foreign Markets

140 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Figure 13. U.S. Coal Exports, 1985-1994

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Million Short Tons

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Exports to Canada

Exports to Japan

Exports to Europe

Total Exports

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 141 
Table 76. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change of Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

North America Total .................... 9,505 9,219 15,331 11,454 15,859 16,839 3.1 −12.0 −6.1 1 Canada ......................................... 9,193 8,889 15,140 11,178 15,511 16,393 3.4 −12.3 −6.2

Mexico ........................................... 241 250 77 92 210 366 −3.5 3.4 −4.5 2 Other ............................................ 71 81 115 184 137 80 −11.6 −15.1 −1.2

South America Total .................... 5,946 5,750 6,769 7,661 6,902 6,809 3.4 −3.6 −1.5

Argentina ....................................... 453 524 335 429 640 588 −13.7 −8.3 −2.9

Brazil .............................................. 5,482 5,197 6,370 7,052 5,847 5,862 5.5 −1.6 −.7 2 Other ............................................ 12 28 64 180 415 359 −57.0 −58.7 −31.4

Europe Total .................................. 35,825 37,575 57,255 65,520 58,382 45,106 −4.6 −11.5 −2.5

Belgium & Luxembourg ............... 4,911 5,229 7,196 7,464 8,500 4,427 −6.1 −12.8 1.1

Bulgaria ......................................... 1,238 906 602 946 88 275 36.7 93.7 18.2

Denmark ........................................ 477 336 3,832 4,658 3,188 2,159 41.9 −37.8 −15.4

Finland ........................................... 377 252 205 530 95 1,269 49.3 41.0 −12.6

France ........................................... 2,875 3,972 8,060 9,509 6,879 4,481 −27.6 −19.6 −4.8

Germany ........................................ 323 508 1,003 1,742 1,057 1,078 −36.3 −25.6 −12.5

Ireland ........................................... 974 985 1,449 1,313 1,458 429 −1.2 −9.6 9.5

Italy ................................................ 7,543 6,918 9,344 11,274 11,947 10,252 9.0 −10.9 −3.3

Netherlands .................................. 4,874 5,562 9,148 9,625 8,369 6,327 −12.4 −12.6 −2.8

Norway .......................................... 87 101 118 200 177 266 −14.2 −16.4 −11.7

Portugal ......................................... 1,057 1,491 1,479 1,629 1,786 959 −29.1 −12.3 1.1

Romania ........................................ 1,553 720 753 1,147 1,718 1,160 115.7 −2.5 3.3

Spain ............................................. 4,132 4,064 4,535 4,694 3,791 3,456 1.7 2.2 2.0

Sweden ......................................... 702 736 1,165 1,239 866 1,353 −4.7 −5.1 −7.0

Turkey ............................................ 1,335 1,605 1,990 2,186 2,117 2,196 −16.8 −10.9 −5.4

United Kingdom ........................... 3,363 4,111 5,595 6,171 5,177 2,676 −18.2 −10.2 2.6

Yugoslavia ..................................... − 78 726 979 933 849 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0 2 Other ............................................ 8 * 54 214 236 1,498 NM −57.7 −44.4

Asia Total ....................................... 17,957 19,500 20,540 21,788 22,725 22,343 −7.9 −5.7 −2.4

China (Taiwan) ............................. 3,374 3,435 3,560 4,547 4,604 3,154 −1.8 −7.5 .8

Israel .............................................. 864 849 824 651 639 464 1.7 7.8 7.1

Japan ............................................. 10,158 11,878 12,304 12,269 13,338 15,372 −14.5 −6.6 −4.5

Korea, Republic of ....................... 3,558 3,316 3,352 3,711 3,999 3,228 7.3 −2.9 1.1 2 Other ............................................ 3 22 500 611 145 125 −84.7 −61.1 −33.2

Oceania & Australia Total ..........11**31 −47.6 −32.5 .3 2 Other ............................................ 1 1 * * 3 1 −47.6 −32.5 .3

Africa Total .................................... 2,124 2,474 2,621 2,545 1,933 1,582 −14.1 2.4 3.3

Algeria ........................................... 355 409 611 522 479 829 −13.2 −7.2 −9.0

Egypt ............................................. 1,048 868 848 769 646 504 20.8 12.8 8.5

Morocco ........................................ 83 587 737 1,013 752 193 −85.8 −42.3 −8.9

South Africa, Rep of .................... 638 567 425 239 55 54 12.3 84.4 31.5

 2 Other ............................................ − 42 − 2 − 1 −100.0 − −100.0

Total ................................................. 71,359 74,519 102,516 108,969 105,804 92,680 −4.2 −9.4 −2.9

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1993.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

142 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 77. U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change of Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

North America Total .................... 4,246 4,853 4,957 4,060 4,399 7,351 −12.5 −0.9 −5.9 1 Canada ......................................... 4,032 4,663 4,920 4,019 4,396 7,010 −13.5 −2.1 −6.0

Mexico ........................................... 214 190 36 41 3 303 12.9 191.3 −3.8 2 Other ............................................ − * * * * 38 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

South America Total .................... 5,926 5,514 6,524 7,416 6,468 6,637 7.5 −2.2 −1.3

Argentina ....................................... 449 487 332 428 640 588 −7.7 −8.5 −2.9

Brazil .............................................. 5,477 5,027 6,165 6,958 5,753 5,776 8.9 −1.2 −.6 2 Other ............................................ − − 27 30 75 274 − −100.0 −100.0

Europe Total .................................. 25,245 26,791 33,365 38,544 36,690 28,494 −5.8 −8.9 −1.3

Belgium & Luxembourg ............... 3,706 4,030 5,165 5,531 6,098 3,727 −8.0 −11.7 −.1

Bulgaria ......................................... 1,184 849 602 946 49 32 39.5 121.8 49.5

Denmark ........................................ − 106 − 568 56 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Finland ........................................... 311 252 205 389 95 − 23.4 34.4 −

France ........................................... 2,816 3,101 4,314 5,851 4,961 3,826 −9.2 −13.2 −3.3

Germany ........................................ 288 203 247 561 701 646 41.9 −19.9 −8.6

Ireland ........................................... − − − − − 60 − −−100.0

Italy ................................................ 5,045 4,965 6,180 6,489 7,029 6,284 1.6 −7.9 −2.4

Netherlands .................................. 3,231 3,743 4,836 4,598 3,975 3,279 −13.7 −5.0 −.2

Norway .......................................... 73 70 91 101 109 108 4.2 −9.5 −4.2

Portugal ......................................... − 149 135 74 258 269 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Romania ........................................ 663 373 753 1,003 1,718 1,160 78.0 −21.2 −6.0

Spain ............................................. 2,656 2,994 2,795 3,402 3,479 2,711 −11.3 −6.5 −.2

Sweden ......................................... 702 736 1,165 1,231 843 1,099 −4.7 −4.5 −4.9

Turkey ............................................ 1,335 1,604 1,989 2,066 2,101 1,892 −16.8 −10.7 −3.8

United Kingdom ........................... 3,228 3,573 4,175 4,657 4,090 2,363 −9.6 −5.7 3.5

Yugoslavia ..................................... − 43 658 869 920 820 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0 2 Other ............................................ 7 − 54 207 209 219 − −56.9 −31.6

Asia Total ....................................... 9,877 10,608 12,655 12,894 14,721 16,442 −6.9 −9.5 −5.5

China (Taiwan) ............................. 296 285 424 459 394 315 3.5 −6.9 −.7

Israel .............................................. − − 143 109 55 −− −100.0 −

Japan ............................................. 7,195 8,028 9,480 9,395 11,044 13,903 −10.4 −10.1 −7.0

Korea, Republic of ....................... 2,386 2,276 2,608 2,931 3,206 2,104 4.8 −7.1 1.4 2 Other ............................................ − 19 − − 23 119 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Oceania & Australia Total .......... −−−− 1 −− −100.0 − 2 Other ............................................ − − − − 1 −− −100.0 −

Africa Total .................................... 2,040 1,886 1,925 1,731 1,180 1,388 8.1 14.7 4.4

Algeria ........................................... 355 409 611 522 479 829 −13.2 −7.2 −9.0

Egypt ............................................. 1,047 868 848 768 646 504 20.7 12.8 8.4

Morocco ........................................ − − 41 202 − −− − −

South Africa, Rep of .................... 638 567 425 239 55 54 12.3 84.4 31.5

 2 Other ............................................ − 42 − − − − −100.0 − −

Total ................................................. 47,334 49,652 59,426 64,645 63,459 60,313 −4.7 −7.1 −2.6

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1993.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 143 
Table 78. U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change of Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

North America Total .................... 5,259 4,366 10,374 7,394 11,460 9,488 20.5 −17.7 −6.3 1 Canada ......................................... 5,161 4,225 10,219 7,159 11,115 9,383 22.1 −17.4 −6.4

Mexico ........................................... 26 60 40 52 208 64 −55.8 −40.3 −9.3 2 Other ............................................ 71 81 115 184 137 41 −11.6 −15.1 6.2

South America Total .................... 20 236 245 245 435 172 −91.4 −53.5 −21.1

Argentina ....................................... 4 38 3 1 − * −90.4 − 26.4

Brazil .............................................. 5 170 205 94 94 86 −97.3 −52.9 −27.7 2 Other ............................................ 12 28 37 150 340 85 −57.0 −56.6 −19.5

Europe Total .................................. 10,580 10,784 23,891 26,975 21,692 16,612 −1.9 −16.4 −4.9

Belgium & Luxembourg ............... 1,205 1,199 2,031 1,933 2,402 699 .4 −15.8 6.2

Bulgaria ......................................... 54 57 − − 39 244 −4.7 8.4 −15.4

Denmark ........................................ 477 230 3,832 4,090 3,132 2,159 107.0 −37.5 −15.4

Finland ........................................... 66 1 − 142 − 1,269 65.6 − −28.0

France ........................................... 58 870 3,745 3,658 1,918 655 −93.3 −58.2 −23.5

Germany ........................................ 35 305 756 1,181 356 432 −88.4 −43.8 −24.3

Ireland ........................................... 974 985 1,449 1,313 1,458 369 −1.2 −9.6 11.4

Italy ................................................ 2,498 1,954 3,164 4,785 4,917 3,968 27.9 −15.6 −5.0

Netherlands .................................. 1,643 1,819 4,312 5,027 4,393 3,048 −9.7 −21.8 −6.6

Norway .......................................... 13 31 27 99 68 157 −56.7 −33.5 −24.0

Portugal ......................................... 1,057 1,342 1,344 1,555 1,528 690 −21.3 −8.8 4.8

Romania ........................................ 890 347 − 144 − − 156.2 − −

Spain ............................................. 1,476 1,070 1,740 1,292 312 745 37.9 47.4 7.9

Sweden ......................................... − − * 8 23 254 − −100.0 −100.0

Turkey ............................................ − * * 120 17 303 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

United Kingdom ........................... 135 538 1,421 1,514 1,088 312 −74.9 −40.7 −8.9

Yugoslavia ..................................... − 35 68 110 13 29 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0 2 Other ............................................ * * * 6 27 1,279 181.1 −66.2 −59.7

Asia Total ....................................... 8,080 8,892 7,885 8,894 8,004 5,901 −9.1 .2 3.5

China (Taiwan) ............................. 3,078 3,150 3,136 4,088 4,211 2,839 −2.3 −7.5 .9

Israel .............................................. 864 849 681 542 584 464 1.7 10.3 7.1

Japan ............................................. 2,963 3,850 2,823 2,874 2,294 1,468 −23.0 6.6 8.1

Korea, Republic of ....................... 1,172 1,040 744 779 793 1,124 12.7 10.2 .4

 2 Other ............................................ 3 3 500 611 122 5 24.8 −59.4 −4.7

Oceania & Australia Total ..........11**21 −47.6 −28.7 .3 2 Other ............................................ 1 1 * * 2 1 −47.6 −28.7 .3

Africa Total .................................... 85 588 696 814 753 194 −85.6 −42.1 −8.8

Egypt ............................................. 1 1 1 1 * * 136.3 29.4 36.1

Morocco ........................................ 83 587 695 811 752 193 −85.8 −42.3 −8.9 2 Other ............................................ − − − 2 − 1 − −−100.0

Total ................................................. 24,025 24,867 43,090 44,323 42,345 32,367 −3.4 −13.2 −3.3

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1993.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

144 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 79. Coal Exports by Customs District, 1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Customs District 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Eastern Total ................................. 43,474 45,138 64,826 69,185 66,160 55,755 −3.7 −10.0 −2.7

Boston, MA ................................... − 33 − − 54 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Baltimore, MD ............................... 7,912 7,354 9,450 9,790 7,786 7,682 7.6 .4 .3

Portland, ME ................................. 1 1 * − 1 1 −13.5 −2.3 −2.0

Buffalo, NY ................................... 166 67 1,971 773 503 17 148.0 −24.3 28.7

New York City, NY ....................... 1 1 4 5 17 451 15.4 −47.9 −47.9

Ogdensburg, NY .......................... 337 44 66 110 54 23 NM 58.1 34.7

Philadelphia, PA ........................... 213 190 252 639 3,237 4,430 12.2 −49.4 −28.6

Norfolk, VA ................................... 34,845 37,448 53,083 57,868 54,508 43,152 −6.9 −10.6 −2.3

St. Albans, VT ..............................**** − − 486.9 − −

Southern Total .............................. 15,607 16,658 21,343 25,667 21,988 18,945 −6.3 −8.2 −2.1

Mobile, AL ..................................... 4,997 6,262 6,853 8,743 7,607 9,031 −20.2 −10.0 −6.4

Savannah, GA .............................. 1 − 37 * * − − 40.4 −

Miami, FL ...................................... 3 2 2 2 1 * 24.9 20.9 36.2

Tampa, FL .................................... * * − 11 19 * −38.9 −70.3 21.6

New Orleans, LA .......................... 9,475 9,705 13,480 15,494 12,811 8,377 −2.4 −7.3 1.4

Wilmington, NC ............................ − − − − − 108 − −−100.0

San Juan, PR ............................... 26 * − * − 3 NM − 29.3

Charleston, SC ............................. 957 475 791 1,161 1,193 1,080 101.5 −5.3 −1.3

El Paso, TX ................................... − *1* − * −100.0 − −100.0

Houston-Galveston, TX ............... 121 155 145 206 154 149 −21.5 −5.8 −2.3

Laredo, TX .................................... 26 59 36 49 201 46 −56.1 −40.2 −6.2

Port Arthur, TX ............................. −−−−− 151 − −−100.0

Virgin Islands ................................ − − * − − −− − −

Western Total ................................ 3,813 4,201 3,651 4,430 3,009 1,631 −9.2 6.1 9.9

Anchorage, AK ............................. 719 733 728 777 793 603 −1.8 −2.4 2.0

Nogales, AZ .................................. * * * − 3 − −71.7 −58.1 −

Los Angeles, CA .......................... 2,963 3,358 2,721 2,840 1,936 1,023 −11.8 11.2 12.5

San Diego, CA .............................11423* −37.5 −32.1 10.4

San Francisco, CA ....................... 1 − 60 33 188 3 − −73.3 −13.3

Great Falls, MT ............................ 1 * − − * 1 89.9 47.5 −.3

Portland, OR ................................. − 2 − 576 4 * −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Seattle, WA ................................... 128 106 137 202 82 1 20.6 11.6 75.5

Northern Total ............................... 8,437 8,495 12,557 9,635 14,622 16,348 −.7 −12.8 −7.1

Chicago, IL .................................... 24 − * * 47 39 − −16.0 −5.5

Detroit, MI ..................................... 2,600 609 2,181 520 3,901 39 327.0 −9.6 59.5

Duluth, MN .................................... 161 134 119 130 504 * 19.8 −24.8 109.4

Pembina, ND ................................ 10 1 * * * 1 NM 146.1 31.4

Cleveland, OH .............................. 5,642 7,751 10,258 8,985 10,073 16,269 −27.2 −13.5 −11.1

Milwaukee, WI .............................. − − − − 96 −− −100.0 −

Other Ports .................................... 28 26 138 51 25 − 5.0 2.5 −

Total ................................................. 71,359 74,519 102,516 108,969 105,804 92,680 −4.2 −9.4 −2.9

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 145 
Coal Prices

.

Figure 14. Coal Prices, 1985-1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Nominal Dollars per Short Ton

50

 

40

 

30

 

 

 0

//

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Export Prices

Consumer Prices

Import Prices

Mine Prices

Mine Prices

The average mine price of U.S. coal in 1994 was

$19.41 per short ton, a drop of 2 percent from 1993,

and the 12th straight year of decline. Since 1985 the

average mine price of U.S. coal has declined at an

average annual rate of almost 3 percent (Table 80).

During this period, the average mine price of coal

East of the Mississippi River declined at an average

annual rate of approximately 2 percent, whereas West

of the Mississippi River the decline was over 3

percent. In real dollars, the decline over this period

was over 6 percent (Table 81).

Compared with 1993, the average mine price of coal

fell about 1 percent in both the Appalachian and Interior Regions, while the the decline was 5 percent for

the Western Region. In the major coal-producing

States, average mine prices fell almost 7 percent in

Wyoming and 1 percent in West Virginia, but rose

slightly in Kentucky.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 147 
Consumer Prices

The average price of coal delivered to electric utilities

during 1994 was $28.02 per short ton, 2 percent below

the average price of $28.58 per short ton reported for

1993 (Table 92). Similarly, compared with 1993, the

average price of coal delivered to coke plants declined

2 percent to $46.56 per short ton, while the average

price of coal delivered to other industrial plants rose 1

percent to $32.54 per short ton (Table 94 and Table

96).

The average price of U.S. coal imports in 1994 was

$30.21 per short ton, a 1-percent increase over the

1993 level (Table 98). The average price of coal

imported from Colombia, which accounted for 47

percent of U.S. imports, rose almost 1 percent. Over

the last 10 years, the average price of U.S. coal

imports has declined at an average annual rate of 2

percent.

The average price of U.S. coal exports in 1994 was

$39.93 per short ton, a decline of almost 4 percent

(Table 99). The average price of metallurgical coal

dropped 3 percent, while the average price of steam

coal decreased by 5 percent. Over the last decade, the

average price of U.S. coal exports has declined at an

annual average rate of 2 percent. Metallurgical and

steam coal export prices have decreased at average

annual rates of 2 and 3 percent, respectively.

148 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Mine Prices

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 149 
Table 80. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... $40.12 $42.34 $40.82 $41.14 $43.04 $42.84 −5.2 −1.7 −0.7

Alaska .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

California .......................................... − − w w w ww w −

Colorado .......................................... 19.76 20.35 21.33 22.18 21.75 $24.65 −2.9 −2.4 −2.4

Illinois ............................................... 23.14 25.27 27.66 28.35 27.73 30.80 −8.5 −4.4 −3.1

Indiana ............................................. 22.28 22.89 23.41 23.58 23.91 26.54 −2.7 −1.7 −1.9

Iowa .................................................. w w w w w 26.13 w w w

Kansas ............................................. w w w w w 26.00 w w w

Kentucky Total ................................ 24.88 24.77 24.50 25.45 25.19 28.24 .4 −.3 −1.4

Eastern .......................................... 25.25 25.50 25.00 26.37 25.84 28.77 −1.0 −.6 −1.4

Western ......................................... 23.63 22.36 23.10 22.88 23.32 26.73 5.7 .3 −1.3

Louisiana .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maryland .......................................... 26.34 25.21 25.39 25.73 25.97 $27.40 4.5 .3 −.4

Missouri ............................................ 21.78 w w w w 27.08 w w −2.4

Montana ........................................... 10.39 11.05 10.20 10.76 9.42 13.18 −5.9 2.5 −2.6

New Mexico ..................................... 23.29 22.96 23.14 23.25 22.43 23.41 1.4 .9 *

North Dakota ................................... 7.62 7.63 7.48 7.84 7.67 9.30 −.2 −.2 −2.2

Ohio .................................................. 29.13 28.04 26.93 27.75 28.65 33.97 3.8 .4 −1.7

Oklahoma ........................................ 25.57 24.91 25.76 28.52 30.39 31.72 2.6 −4.2 −2.4

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 26.18 26.50 28.61 29.40 30.15 32.91 −1.2 −3.5 −2.5

Anthracite ...................................... 36.07 32.94 34.24 36.34 39.40 45.80 9.5 −2.2 −2.6

Bituminous .................................... 25.45 26.03 28.34 29.06 29.72 32.07 −2.3 −3.8 −2.5

Tennessee ....................................... 27.17 27.23 27.11 26.74 27.96 28.54 −.2 −.7 −.5

Texas ................................................ 12.38 12.87 12.42 12.21 11.20 11.60 −3.8 2.5 .7

Utah .................................................. 19.27 20.81 21.11 22.59 18.53 27.69 −7.4 1.0 −3.9

Virginia ............................................. 26.84 26.80 27.55 27.45 28.05 30.16 .1 −1.1 −1.3

Washington ...................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total ......................... 27.42 27.58 28.15 28.62 28.62 $33.47 −.6 −1.1 −2.2

Northern ........................................ 26.77 28.09 29.03 30.16 29.05 31.98 −4.7 −2.0 −1.9

Southern ........................................ 27.71 27.40 27.76 27.93 28.40 34.43 1.1 −.6 −2.4

Wyoming .......................................... 6.83 7.32 8.14 8.09 8.43 11.36 −6.7 −5.1 −5.5

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 27.36 27.64 27.95 28.69 28.89 32.35 −1.0 −1.3 −1.8 1 Interior Total ................................ 19.87 20.03 21.61 21.86 21.45 24.40 −.8 −1.9 −2.3 1 Western Total ............................... 10.57 11.14 11.60 11.71 11.60 14.53 −5.1 −2.3 −3.5

East of Miss. River ....................... 26.44 26.81 27.34 27.97 28.09 31.44 −1.4 −1.5 −1.9

West of Miss. River ...................... 10.91 11.50 11.98 12.06 11.81 14.57 −5.1 −1.9 −3.2

U.S. Total ........................................ 19.41 19.85 21.03 21.49 21.76 25.20 −2.2 −2.8 −2.9

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. A measure

of dispersion of these average prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D2. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam,

and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these

data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

150 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 81. Average Real Mine Price of Coal by State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... $31.81 $34.28 $33.76 $34.98 $37.98 $45.39 −7.2 −4.3 −3.9

Alaska .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

California .......................................... − − w w w ww w −

Colorado .......................................... 15.67 16.48 17.64 18.86 19.20 $26.11 −4.9 −4.9 −5.5

Illinois ............................................... 18.35 20.46 22.88 24.11 24.47 32.63 −10.3 −6.9 −6.2

Indiana ............................................. 17.67 18.54 19.37 20.05 21.10 28.11 −4.7 −4.3 −5.0

Iowa .................................................. w w w w w 27.68 w w w

Kansas ............................................. w w w w w 27.54 w w w

Kentucky Total ................................ 19.73 20.06 20.27 21.64 22.23 29.91 −1.6 −2.9 −4.5

Eastern .......................................... 20.02 20.65 20.67 22.42 22.81 30.47 −3.0 −3.2 −4.5

Western ......................................... 18.74 18.10 19.10 19.46 20.59 28.32 3.5 −2.3 −4.5

Louisiana .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maryland .......................................... 20.89 20.41 21.00 21.88 22.92 $29.02 2.3 −2.3 −3.6

Missouri ............................................ 17.27 w w w w 28.69 w w −5.5

Montana ........................................... 8.24 8.95 8.43 9.15 8.32 13.96 −7.9 −.2 −5.7

New Mexico ..................................... 18.47 18.59 19.14 19.77 19.79 24.80 −.6 −1.7 −3.2

North Dakota ................................... 6.04 6.18 6.19 6.66 6.77 9.85 −2.2 −2.8 −5.3

Ohio .................................................. 23.10 22.71 22.28 23.60 25.28 35.99 1.7 −2.2 −4.8

Oklahoma ........................................ 20.27 20.17 21.31 24.25 26.83 33.60 .5 −6.8 −5.4

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 20.77 21.46 23.66 25.00 26.61 34.86 −3.2 −6.0 −5.6

Anthracite ...................................... 28.60 26.67 28.32 30.90 34.78 48.52 7.2 −4.8 −5.7

Bituminous .................................... 20.18 21.08 23.44 24.71 26.23 33.98 −4.3 −6.3 −5.6

Tennessee ....................................... 21.54 22.05 22.42 22.74 24.67 30.23 −2.3 −3.3 −3.7

Texas ................................................ 9.82 10.42 10.27 10.38 9.88 12.29 −5.8 −.1 −2.4

Utah .................................................. 15.28 16.85 17.46 19.21 16.36 29.34 −9.3 −1.7 −7.0

Virginia ............................................. 21.28 21.70 22.79 23.34 24.76 31.95 −1.9 −3.7 −4.4

Washington ...................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total ......................... 21.75 22.33 23.28 24.34 25.26 $35.45 −2.6 −3.7 −5.3

Northern ........................................ 21.23 22.74 24.01 25.65 25.64 33.87 −6.7 −4.6 −5.0

Southern ........................................ 21.97 22.18 22.96 23.75 25.06 36.47 −.9 −3.2 −5.5

Wyoming .......................................... 5.41 5.92 6.73 6.88 7.44 12.03 −8.6 −7.6 −8.5

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 21.70 22.38 23.12 24.40 25.50 34.27 −3.0 −3.9 −4.9 1 Interior Total ................................ 15.76 16.22 17.87 18.59 18.93 25.85 −2.8 −4.5 −5.3 1 Western Total ............................... 8.38 9.02 9.59 9.96 10.24 15.39 −7.1 −4.9 −6.5

East of Miss. River ....................... 20.97 21.71 22.61 23.79 24.80 33.31 −3.4 −4.1 −5.0

West of Miss. River ...................... 8.65 9.31 9.91 10.26 10.42 15.44 −7.1 −4.5 −6.2

U.S. Total ........................................ 15.39 16.07 17.39 18.28 19.21 26.70 −4.2 −5.4 −5.9

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Real prices are in 1987 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average mine

price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to

provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 151 
Table 82. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 1994

(Dollars per Short Ton)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coal-Producing

State and Region 111 Nominal Real Nominal Real Real Nominal

Alabama .............................................. $39.92 $31.66 $40.45 $32.08 $40.12 $31.81

Alaska ................................................. − − wwww

Arizona ................................................ − − wwww

Arkansas ............................................. wwwwww

Colorado ............................................. 19.05 15.11 21.05 16.69 19.76 15.67

Illinois .................................................. 23.18 18.38 22.92 18.18 23.14 18.35

Indiana ................................................ wwww 22.28 17.67

Iowa ..................................................... − − wwww

Kansas ................................................ − − wwww

Kentucky Total ................................... 26.14 20.73 23.07 18.29 24.88 19.73

Eastern ............................................. 26.19 20.77 23.92 18.97 25.25 20.02

Western ............................................ 25.97 20.59 20.07 15.92 23.63 18.74

Louisiana ............................................. − − wwww

Maryland ............................................. wwww 26.34 20.89

Missouri ............................................... − − 21.78 17.27 21.78 17.27

Montana .............................................. − − 10.39 8.24 10.39 8.24

New Mexico ........................................ wwww 23.29 18.47

North Dakota ...................................... − − 7.62 6.04 7.62 6.04

Ohio ..................................................... 31.61 25.07 27.04 21.44 29.13 23.10

Oklahoma ........................................... wwww 25.57 20.27

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 26.59 21.09 25.43 20.17 26.18 20.77

Anthracite ......................................... 35.28 27.98 36.10 28.63 36.07 28.60

Bituminous ....................................... 26.55 21.06 22.95 18.20 25.45 20.18

Tennessee .......................................... wwww 27.17 21.54

Texas ................................................... − − 12.38 9.82 12.38 9.82

Utah ..................................................... 19.27 15.28 − − 19.27 15.28

Virginia ................................................ 27.33 21.67 25.33 20.09 26.84 21.28

Washington ......................................... − − wwww

West Virginia Total ............................ 27.93 22.15 26.29 20.85 27.42 21.75

Northern ........................................... 27.33 21.68 22.34 17.72 26.77 21.23

Southern ........................................... 28.31 22.45 26.79 21.24 27.71 21.97

Wyoming ............................................. wwww 6.83 5.41

 2 Appalachian Total .......................... 28.01 22.21 26.20 20.78 27.36 21.70

 2 Interior Total ................................... 24.31 19.28 17.09 13.55 19.87 15.76

 2 Western Total .................................. 19.23 15.25 9.51 7.54 10.57 8.38

East of Miss. River .......................... 27.29 21.64 25.02 19.84 26.44 20.97

West of Miss. River ......................... 19.23 15.25 10.04 7.96 10.91 8.65

U.S. Total ........................................... 26.39 20.93 15.02 11.91 19.41 15.39

1 Real prices are in 1987 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. 2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. A measure

of dispersion of these average nominal prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D2. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to

provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

152 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 83. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing 1 23 4 Continuous Conventional Longwall Other Total State and Region

Alabama ........................................... $36.11 $39.62 $40.57 − $39.92

Arkansas .......................................... w − − − w

Colorado .......................................... 15.73 17.37 19.83 − 19.05

Illinois ............................................... 22.92 − 23.60 − 23.18

Indiana ............................................. w − − − w

Kentucky Total ................................ 25.70 25.38 29.15 $20.63 26.14

Eastern .......................................... 26.15 25.23 28.30 20.63 26.19

Western ......................................... 24.33 27.01 30.63 − 25.97

Maryland .......................................... w − w − w

New Mexico ..................................... − − w − w

Ohio .................................................. 21.79 − 32.94 − 31.61

Oklahoma ........................................ w − − − w

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 29.77 26.87 25.12 35.91 26.59

Anthracite ...................................... − 35.17 − 35.91 35.28

Bituminous .................................... 29.77 25.03 25.12 − 26.55

Tennessee ....................................... w w − − w

Utah .................................................. 16.23 − 19.90 − 19.27

Virginia ............................................. 25.73 25.24 30.68 18.15 27.33

West Virginia Total ......................... 27.00 26.22 29.30 30.72 27.93

Northern ........................................ 21.25 20.59 29.10 − 27.33

Southern ........................................ 27.84 28.05 29.72 30.72 28.31

Wyoming .......................................... − w w − w

 5 Appalachian Total ....................... 26.89 25.72 29.87 21.19 28.01

 5 Interior Total ................................ 23.77 27.01 25.26 − 24.31 5 Western Total ............................... 16.02 18.57 19.87 − 19.23

East of Miss. River ....................... 26.07 25.77 29.16 21.19 27.29

West of Miss. River ...................... 16.10 18.57 19.87 − 19.23

U.S. Total ........................................ 25.66 25.73 27.27 21.19 26.39

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method. 2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method. 3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining. 4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method. 5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 153 
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price,

by State and County, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price State and County

Alabama ........................................ 85 23,266 40.12

Bibb ........................................... 2 137 w

Blount ........................................ 2 6 −

Cullman ..................................... 3 157 w

Fayette ...................................... 3 1,521 w

Jackson .................................... 3 24 w

Jefferson ................................... 12 7,232 $39.25

Marion ....................................... 3 256 w

Shelby ....................................... 1 418 w

Tuscaloosa ............................... 10 6,848 $41.24

Walker ....................................... 41 6,215 41.32

Winston ..................................... 5 452 29.01

Alaska ............................................ 1 1,567 w

Yukon River ............................. 1 1,567 w

Arizona .......................................... 2 13,056 w

Navajo ....................................... 2 13,056 w

Arkansas ....................................... 6 51 w

Johnson .................................... 2 25 w

Scott .......................................... 1 2 −

Sebastian .................................. 3 24 w

Colorado ....................................... 18 25,304 19.76

Delta .......................................... 1 751 w

Fremont .................................... 1 310 w

Garfield ..................................... 1 5 −

Gunnison .................................. 3 5,710 w

La Plata .................................... 1 235 w

Las Animas .............................. 1 1,114 w

Mesa ......................................... 2 358 w

Moffat ........................................ 3 7,766 w

Montrose .................................. 1 380 w

Rio Blanco ................................ 1 1,527 w

Routt ......................................... 3 7,148 w

Illinois ............................................ 34 52,797 23.14

Christian .................................... 1 1,457 w

Clinton ....................................... 1 3,007 w

Franklin ..................................... 3 6,602 w

Fulton ........................................ 1 499 w

Gallatin ...................................... 2 1,409 w

Jefferson ................................... 2 4,138 w

Logan ........................................ 1 1,673 w

Macoupin .................................. 3 4,809 w

McDonough .............................. 1 434 w

Perry .......................................... 8 9,559 $16.97

Randolph .................................. 2 3,434 w

Saline ........................................ 4 8,070 24.76

Schuyler .................................... 1 603 w

St Clair ...................................... 1 227 w

Wabash ..................................... 1 2,676 w

Washington .............................. 1 2,225 w

White ......................................... 1 1,977 w

Indiana ........................................... 55 30,927 22.28

Clay ........................................... 8 1,844 $23.71

Daviess ..................................... 9 4,905 21.03

Dubois ....................................... 1 610 w

Gibson ...................................... 2 1,819 w

Greene ...................................... 8 3,051 22.22

Knox .......................................... 4 1,953 w

Monroe ..................................... 1 73 w

Owen ......................................... 1 329 w

Pike ........................................... 7 3,790 19.65

Spencer .................................... 3 799 w

Sullivan ..................................... 3 4,798 w

Vigo ........................................... 1 911 w

Warrick ...................................... 7 6,045 19.70

Iowa ................................................ 1 46 w

Marion ....................................... 1 46 w

Kansas ........................................... 1 284 w

Crawford ................................... 1 284 w

Kentucky ....................................... 673 161,642 24.88

Bell ............................................ 26 4,695 $26.59

Breathitt .................................... 8 3,746 20.98

See footnotes at end of table.

154 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price,

by State and County, 1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price State and County

Kentucky (Continued)

Butler ......................................... 2 26 w

Caldwell .................................... 1 9 −

Christian .................................... 2 1,534 w

Clay ........................................... 8 552 $25.70

Daviess ..................................... 10 1,131 18.49

Floyd ......................................... 61 7,292 22.74

Greenup .................................... 1 10 −

Harlan ....................................... 73 12,524 28.96

Henderson ................................ 5 3,333 23.22

Hopkins ..................................... 16 7,567 21.95

Jackson .................................... 3 89 w

Johnson .................................... 10 1,369 26.43

Knott ......................................... 58 12,755 24.11

Knox .......................................... 24 1,159 29.46

Laurel ........................................ 2 70 w

Lawrence .................................. 3 243 w

Lee ............................................ 1 17 w

Leslie ......................................... 11 8,679 22.62

Letcher ...................................... 41 7,608 21.40

Magoffin .................................... 4 1,054 w

Martin ........................................ 36 12,481 $31.56

McLean ..................................... 2 636 w

Muhlenberg .............................. 6 2,822 17.96

Ohio ........................................... 9 3,150 17.68

Owsley ...................................... 3 73 w

Perry .......................................... 35 15,050 24.48

Pike ........................................... 181 33,147 24.55

Union ......................................... 4 6,741 27.13

Webster .................................... 9 10,247 27.39

Whitley ...................................... 17 1,342 28.09

Wolfe ......................................... 1 492 w

Louisiana ....................................... 2 3,463 w

De Soto .................................... 1 2,697 w

Red River ................................. 1 766 w

Maryland ........................................ 20 3,632 26.34

Allegany .................................... 10 556 w

Garrett ....................................... 10 3,076 w

Missouri ......................................... 6 838 21.78

Barton ....................................... 1 256 w

Bates ......................................... 2 176 w

Ralls .......................................... 2 284 w

Vernon ...................................... 1 122 w

Montana ......................................... 8 41,640 10.39

Big Horn ................................... 4 24,779 $11.09

Musselshell .............................. 1 3 −

Richland .................................... 1 323 w

Rosebud ................................... 2 16,535 w

New Mexico .................................. 7 28,041 23.29

Colfax ........................................ 2 2,144 w

McKinley ................................... 2 11,993 w

San Juan .................................. 3 13,903 w

North Dakota ................................ 6 32,286 7.62

Bowman .................................... 1 2,317 w

McLean ..................................... 1 7,146 w

Mercer ....................................... 2 17,273 w

Oliver ......................................... 2 5,550 w

Ohio ................................................ 134 29,897 29.13

Belmont .................................... 13 6,380 $23.03

Carroll ....................................... 3 103 w

Columbiana .............................. 13 966 $16.91

Coshocton ................................ 6 1,188 w

Guernsey .................................. 9 374 23.22

Harrison .................................... 12 2,562 24.91

Hocking ..................................... 1 1 −

Holmes ...................................... 4 436 w

Jackson .................................... 4 1,424 w

Jefferson ................................... 18 1,522 24.69

Lawrence .................................. 1 19 w

Mahoning .................................. 2 60 w

Meigs ........................................ 2 4,310 w

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 155 
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price,

by State and County, 1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price State and County

Ohio (Continued)

Monroe ..................................... 1 3,143 w

Morgan ...................................... 1 875 w

Muskingum ............................... 4 498 $48.83

Noble ........................................ 3 952 w

Perry .......................................... 6 491 20.64

Stark .......................................... 8 390 16.16

Tuscarawas .............................. 16 2,174 21.22

Vinton ........................................ 6 2,016 23.07

Washington .............................. 1 13 w

Oklahoma ...................................... 14 1,911 25.57

Craig .......................................... 1 149 w

Haskell ...................................... 2 30 w

Latimer ...................................... 1 311 w

Le Flore .................................... 5 1,118 $26.28

Nowata ..................................... 2 151 w

Okmulgee ................................. 2 142 w

Wagoner ................................... 1 10 −

Pennsylvania ................................ 505 62,237 26.18

Allegheny .................................. 7 60 w

Armstrong ................................. 34 5,352 $29.58

Beaver ...................................... 2 124 w

Bedford ..................................... 1 2 −

Blair ........................................... 1 70 w

Butler ......................................... 14 465 24.47

Cambria .................................... 19 2,557 29.03

Carbon ...................................... 1 343 w

Centre ....................................... 4 89 w

Clarion ....................................... 9 1,196 w

Clearfield .................................. 67 4,791 $24.93

Clinton ....................................... 1 21 w

Columbia ................................... 7 244 31.68

Dauphin .................................... 1 2 −

Elk ............................................. 9 468 25.61

Fayette ...................................... 29 598 20.68

Greene ...................................... 16 26,642 24.74

Indiana ...................................... 32 4,799 32.12

Jefferson ................................... 33 1,544 26.87

Lackawanna ............................. 6 274 w

Lawrence .................................. 6 179 26.63

Luzerne ..................................... 18 825 40.41

Lycoming .................................. 1 283 w

Mercer ....................................... 2 21 w

Northumberland ....................... 20 278 w

Schuylkill ................................... 88 2,652 42.54

Snyder ....................................... 1 2 −

Somerset .................................. 41 6,054 19.41

Sullivan ..................................... 1 1 −

Washington .............................. 14 1,714 23.91

Westmoreland .......................... 20 589 21.64

Tennessee .................................... 24 2,987 27.17

Campbell .................................. 9 1,390 $27.43

Claiborne .................................. 1 207 w

Fentress .................................... 1 86 w

Marion ....................................... 2 123 w

Morgan ...................................... 3 136 w

Scott .......................................... 1 201 w

Sequatchie ............................... 7 843 27.36

Texas ............................................. 13 52,346 12.38

Atascosa ................................... 1 2,874 w

Freestone ................................. 1 5,311 w

Grimes ...................................... 1 3,639 w

Harrison .................................... 2 3,670 w

Leon .......................................... 1 8,544 w

Milam ........................................ 1 5,889 w

Panola ....................................... 1 8,157 w

Robertson ................................. 1 1,901 w

Rusk .......................................... 1 5,285 w

Titus .......................................... 1 6,739 w

Webb ......................................... 2 337 w

See footnotes at end of table.

156 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price,

by State and County, 1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price State and County

Utah ................................................ 14 24,399 19.27

Carbon ...................................... 8 11,240 $20.97

Emery ........................................ 5 9,590 w

Sevier ........................................ 1 3,569 w

Virginia .......................................... 231 37,129 26.84

Buchanan ................................. 89 13,594 $26.61

Dickenson ................................. 29 4,303 28.79

Lee ............................................ 16 2,472 25.56

Russell ...................................... 14 1,468 w

Scott .......................................... 2 37 w

Tazewell ................................... 21 2,482 21.58

Wise .......................................... 60 12,774 27.57

Washington .................................. 3 4,893 w

King ........................................... 1 258 w

Lewis ......................................... 1 2,084 w

Thurston ................................... 1 2,550 w

West Virginia ................................ 462 161,776 27.42

Barbour ..................................... 11 2,080 $21.40

Boone ....................................... 48 26,300 29.65

Braxton ..................................... 2 281 w

Brooke ...................................... 2 1,278 w

Clay ........................................... 9 3,435 27.60

Fayette ...................................... 12 5,844 29.60

Gilmer ....................................... 1 36 w

Grant ......................................... 4 3,107 w

Greenbrier ................................ 13 159 21.95

Harrison .................................... 11 4,078 w

Kanawha ................................... 15 6,201 24.56

Lincoln ...................................... 1 977 w

Logan ........................................ 38 17,633 26.61

Marion ....................................... 8 4,738 25.56

Marshall .................................... 3 7,695 w

Mason ....................................... 1 67 w

McDowell .................................. 80 4,941 20.84

Mercer ....................................... 2 37 w

Mineral ...................................... 3 140 w

Mingo ........................................ 59 25,681 27.02

Monongalia ............................... 16 16,062 26.68

Nicholas .................................... 25 4,849 28.46

Ohio ........................................... 1 37 w

Preston ..................................... 20 2,389 22.04

Raleigh ...................................... 19 4,965 32.00

Randolph .................................. 8 858 23.97

Tucker ....................................... 2 134 w

Upshur ...................................... 12 1,901 20.24

Wayne ....................................... 5 2,242 25.35

Webster .................................... 12 4,501 21.58

Wyoming ................................... 19 9,130 29.26

Wyoming ....................................... 29 237,092 6.83

Campbell .................................. 17 205,573 $5.65

Carbon ...................................... 3 4,100 w

Converse .................................. 2 11,418 w

Hot Springs .............................. 1 6 −

Lincoln ...................................... 2 4,612 w

Sheridan ................................... 1 94 w

Sweetwater .............................. 3 11,290 w

U.S. Total ...................................... 2,354 1,033,504 19.41

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production and excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry

dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 157 
Table 85. Average Mine Price by State and Coal Rank, 1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total State and Region

Alabama ........................................... $40.12 − − − $40.12

Alaska .............................................. − w − − w

Arizona ............................................. w − − − w

Arkansas .......................................... w − − w w

Colorado .......................................... 19.06 $21.51 − − 19.76

Illinois ............................................... 23.14 − − − 23.14

Indiana ............................................. 22.28 − − − 22.28

Iowa .................................................. w − − − w

Kansas ............................................. w − − − w

Kentucky Total ................................ 24.88 − − − 24.88

Eastern .......................................... 25.25 − − − 25.25

Western ......................................... 23.63 − − − 23.63

Louisiana .......................................... − − w − w

Maryland .......................................... 26.34 − − − 26.34

Missouri ............................................ 21.78 − − − 21.78

Montana ........................................... − w w − 10.39

New Mexico ..................................... w w − − 23.29

North Dakota ................................... − − $7.62 − 7.62

Ohio .................................................. $29.13 − − − 29.13

Oklahoma ........................................ 25.57 − − − 25.57

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 25.45 − − $36.07 26.18

Anthracite ...................................... − − − 36.07 36.07

Bituminous .................................... 25.45 − − − 25.45

Tennessee ....................................... 27.17 − − − 27.17

Texas ................................................ 25.74 − 12.30 − 12.38

Utah .................................................. 19.27 − − − 19.27

Virginia ............................................. 26.84 − − − 26.84

Washington ...................................... w w − − w

West Virginia Total ......................... 27.42 −−− 27.42

Northern ........................................ 26.77 − − − 26.77

Southern ........................................ 27.71 − − − 27.71

Wyoming .......................................... w w − − 6.83

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 27.28 − − 36.07 27.36 1 Interior Total ................................ 23.11 − 12.61 w 19.87 1 Western Total ............................... 20.61 8.37 7.66 − 10.57

East of Miss. River ....................... 26.37 − − 36.07 26.44

West of Miss. River ...................... 20.78 8.37 10.77 w 10.91

2 U.S. Total ........................................ 25.68 8.37 10.77 36.07 19.41

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 2 Does not include Arkansas. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

158 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 86. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Mine Production Range Underground Surface (thousand short tons) Total

Over 1,000 ..................................... $26.64 $12.07 $16.90

500 to 1,000 .................................. 28.14 25.13 26.41

200 to 500 ..................................... 25.77 24.06 25.06

100 to 200 ..................................... 24.24 26.04 25.00

50 to 100 ........................................ 23.83 24.17 23.99

10 to 50 .......................................... 24.62 24.29 24.44

U.S. Total ...................................... 26.39 15.02 19.41

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Table 87. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coalbed Thickness Underground Surface (inches) Total

< 7 ................................................. − w w

7-12 ................................................. − $31.02 $31.02

13-18 ............................................... − 26.45 26.45

19-24 ............................................... $28.52 19.83 20.17

25-30 ............................................... 23.64 24.12 24.03

31-36 ............................................... 26.19 24.33 25.21

37-42 ............................................... 25.72 21.98 24.08

43-48 ............................................... 28.49 26.29 27.71

49-54 ............................................... 29.92 23.12 27.15

55-60 ............................................... 29.48 21.91 27.03

61-66 ............................................... 27.25 24.39 26.52

67-72 ............................................... 25.11 23.24 24.28

73-78 ............................................... 28.46 19.51 26.45

79-84 ............................................... 23.09 23.02 23.08

85-90 ............................................... 21.31 22.52 22.22

91-96 ............................................... 27.40 13.99 20.88

97-102 ............................................ 25.34 21.43 24.27

103-108 .......................................... 24.38 8.52 11.44

109-114 .......................................... w w w

115-120 .......................................... $27.21 $23.12 $26.01

> 120 ........................................... 17.99 9.09 9.67

U.S. Total ...................................... 26.39 15.02 19.41

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 159 
Table 88. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Productivity Range

Coal-Producing (short tons per miner per hour)

State and Region

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total

Alabama .............................................. − w $34.67 $40.23 w $40.12

Alaska ................................................. − − w − − w

Arizona ................................................ − − w − − w

Arkansas ............................................. −−−− w w

Colorado ............................................. − $16.29 19.15 34.01 − 19.76

Illinois .................................................. w − w 24.91 − 23.14

Indiana ................................................ − w w 24.81 w 22.28

Iowa ..................................................... −−−− w w

Kansas ................................................ −−−− w w

Kentucky Total ................................... $32.57 $22.41 $24.07 25.82 $25.22 24.88

Eastern ............................................. 32.57 24.64 24.75 25.76 25.49 25.25

Western ............................................ − 16.68 21.10 25.99 21.31 23.63

Louisiana ............................................. − w −−− w

Maryland ............................................. − − w w w 26.34

Missouri ............................................... − w w $22.69 − 21.78

Montana .............................................. w w −−− 10.39

New Mexico ........................................ − www − 23.29

North Dakota ...................................... w w −−− 7.62

Ohio ..................................................... w w $22.90 $34.24 $39.14 29.13

Oklahoma ........................................... − − w w w 25.57

Pennsylvania Total ............................ $21.44 $24.25 $23.35 $25.75 $35.92 26.18

Anthracite ......................................... w w 30.95 34.46 56.26 36.07

Bituminous ....................................... w w 22.96 25.62 31.82 25.45

Tennessee .......................................... − wwww 27.17

Texas ................................................... − $11.75 w w − 12.38

Utah ..................................................... − 18.55 $20.01 w w 19.27

Virginia ................................................ − w 26.49 $27.08 w 26.84

Washington ......................................... − − w w − w

West Virginia Total ............................ w w 26.66 28.56 $26.25 27.42

Northern ........................................... − w 26.39 27.48 20.57 26.77

Southern ........................................... w w 26.75 29.35 26.96 27.71

Wyoming ............................................. $5.63 $16.31 19.21 w w 6.83

 1 Appalachian Total .......................... 22.51 25.62 25.58 28.47 32.63 27.36

 1 Interior Total ................................... w 12.55 19.99 25.25 22.50 19.87

 1 Western Total .................................. 6.44 16.98 20.46 29.54 13.50 10.57

East of Miss. River .......................... 22.22 24.58 24.52 27.66 32.47 26.44

West of Miss. River ......................... 6.44 14.78 20.03 28.48 17.55 10.91

U.S. Total ........................................... 6.60 17.15 23.41 27.69 31.79 19.41

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

160 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 89. Average Mine Price of Underground Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Productivity Range

Coal-Producing (short tons per miner per hour)

State and Region

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total

Alabama .............................................. −−− $38.52 $43.16 $39.92

Arkansas ............................................. −−−− w w

Colorado ............................................. − w $14.33 w − 19.05

Illinois .................................................. − − 19.07 $24.87 − 23.18

Indiana ................................................ −−− w − w

Kentucky Total ................................... − $28.27 24.76 26.82 25.56 26.14

Eastern ............................................. − w 25.32 26.66 w 26.19

Western ............................................ − w 21.53 27.18 w 25.97

Maryland ............................................. − − w − w w

New Mexico ........................................ −−− w − w

Ohio ..................................................... − − w 33.58 w 31.61

Oklahoma ........................................... −−−− w w

Pennsylvania Total ............................ − w w 26.30 $34.81 26.59

Anthracite ......................................... −−−− 35.28 35.28

Bituminous ....................................... − w w 26.30 34.79 26.55

Tennessee .......................................... −−− www

Utah ..................................................... − $18.55 $20.01 w w 19.27

Virginia ................................................ − − 27.63 $27.45 $26.39 27.33

West Virginia Total ............................ − 28.18 26.92 28.73 26.45 27.93

Northern ........................................... − w 26.97 27.75 w 27.33

Southern ........................................... − w 26.88 29.51 w 28.31

Wyoming ............................................. − − w − w w

 1 Appalachian Total .......................... − 26.63 26.01 28.57 32.77 28.01 1 Interior Total ................................... − w 19.72 w w 24.31 1 Western Total .................................. − w 18.61 w w 19.23

East of Miss. River .......................... − w 24.98 27.90 32.77 27.29

West of Miss. River ......................... − w 18.61 31.40 w 19.23

U.S. Total ........................................... − 21.66 24.04 27.97 32.28 26.39

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 161 
Table 90. Average Mine Price of Surface Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Productivity Range

(short tons per miner per hour) Coal-Producing State and Region

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total

Alabama .............................................. − w $34.67 $43.12 $37.92 $40.45

Alaska ................................................. − − w − − w

Arizona ................................................ − − w − − w

Arkansas ............................................. −−−− w w

Colorado ............................................. − w w − − 21.05

Illinois .................................................. w − $21.27 w − 22.92

Indiana ................................................ − wwwww

Iowa ..................................................... −−−− w w

Kansas ................................................ −−−− w w

Kentucky Total ................................... w $20.71 23.49 $23.03 w $23.07

Eastern ............................................. w 22.84 24.23 23.57 w 23.92

Western ............................................ − 16.35 20.84 20.82 w 20.07

Louisiana ............................................. − w −−− w

Maryland ............................................. − − wwww

Missouri ............................................... − w w 22.69 − $21.78

Montana .............................................. w w −−− 10.39

New Mexico ........................................ − www − w

North Dakota ...................................... w w −−− 7.62

Ohio ..................................................... w w $23.11 $35.14 $19.23 27.04

Oklahoma ........................................... − − wwww

Pennsylvania Total ............................ w w $21.83 $24.52 $37.45 25.43

Anthracite ......................................... w w 30.95 34.46 59.50 36.10

Bituminous ....................................... w w 20.74 24.02 25.84 22.95

Tennessee .......................................... − wwwww

Texas ................................................... − $11.75 w w − 12.38

Virginia ................................................ − w $26.00 $23.75 w 25.33

Washington ......................................... − − w w − w

West Virginia Total ............................ w w 26.37 27.20 $19.01 26.29

Northern ........................................... − w 22.96 23.57 19.01 22.34

Southern ........................................... w w 26.66 28.38 − 26.79

Wyoming ............................................. wwwwww

 1 Appalachian Total .......................... 22.51 23.93 25.18 28.13 32.10 26.20

 1 Interior Total ................................... 19.32 w 20.10 w w 17.09

 1 Western Total .................................. 6.44 w 21.13 w w 9.51

East of Miss. River .......................... 22.22 w 24.13 26.88 w 25.02

West of Miss. River ......................... 6.44 w 20.48 25.18 w 10.04

U.S. Total ........................................... 6.60 15.31 22.99 26.78 30.24 15.02

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

162 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 91. Average Mine Price by State and Disposition, 1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing 1 2 Open Market Captive State and Region Total

Alabama ............................................................ w w 40.12

Alaska ............................................................... w w w

Arizona .............................................................. w − w

Arkansas ........................................................... w − w

Colorado ........................................................... 19.76 − 19.76

Illinois ................................................................ w w 23.14

Indiana .............................................................. 22.28 22.44 22.28

Iowa ................................................................... w − w

Kansas .............................................................. w − w

Kentucky Total ................................................. 24.90 23.55 24.88

Eastern ........................................................... 25.29 23.55 25.25

Western .......................................................... 23.63 − 23.63

Louisiana .......................................................... w − w

Maryland ........................................................... 26.34 − 26.34

Missouri ............................................................. 21.78 − 21.78

Montana ............................................................ w w 10.39

New Mexico ..................................................... 23.29 − 23.29

North Dakota .................................................... w w 7.62

Ohio ................................................................... 23.68 52.54 29.13

Oklahoma ......................................................... 25.57 − 25.57

Pennsylvania Total .......................................... 26.38 19.86 26.18

Anthracite ...................................................... 46.82 11.43 36.07

Bituminous ..................................................... 25.30 41.21 25.45

Tennessee ........................................................ 27.17 − 27.17

Texas ................................................................ 14.06 11.76 12.38

Utah ................................................................... 20.65 16.18 19.27

Virginia .............................................................. 26.26 30.22 26.84

Washington ...................................................... w w w

West Virginia Total .......................................... 27.29 32.35 27.42

Northern ......................................................... 26.43 34.77 26.77

Southern ........................................................ 27.66 30.20 27.71

Wyoming ........................................................... 6.37 12.77 6.83

 3 Appalachian Total ........................................ 26.98 35.11 27.36

 3 Interior Total ................................................. 22.05 11.88 19.87

 3 Western Total ............................................... 10.23 14.16 10.57

East of Miss. River ........................................ 26.12 34.86 26.44

West of Miss. River ...................................... 10.54 12.92 10.91

U.S. Total ......................................................... 19.57 17.80 19.41

1 Open Market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 3 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 163 
Consumer Prices

Figure 15. U.S. Coal Prices by Sector, 1985-1994

30

40

50

60

Nominal Dollars per Short Ton

 0

//

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Industrial

Coke Plants

Electric Utilities

164 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 92. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

New England Total ....................... $42.81 $43.34 $45.14 $47.13 $47.38 $53.98 −1.2 −2.5 −2.5

Connecticut ................................... 46.45 44.80 51.30 57.35 56.35 61.81 3.7 −4.7 −3.1

Massachusetts ............................. 43.00 43.39 44.11 45.33 45.30 52.37 −.9 −1.3 −2.2

New Hampshire ............................ 39.66 42.39 44.69 46.20 47.39 54.05 −6.4 −4.3 −3.4

Middle Atlantic Total ................... 36.33 36.66 37.56 38.99 38.56 39.83 −.9 −1.5 −1.0

New Jersey ................................... 48.49 47.50 46.62 47.76 48.37 50.87 2.1 * −.5

New York ...................................... 37.63 38.63 38.62 41.19 41.45 43.35 −2.6 −2.4 −1.5

Pennsylvania ................................. 35.39 35.73 36.81 38.05 37.25 38.26 −.9 −1.3 −.9

East North Central Total ............. 30.56 30.98 32.05 32.63 33.17 39.89 −1.3 −2.0 −2.9

Illinois ............................................. 32.69 35.30 37.06 36.76 37.79 45.60 −7.4 −3.5 −3.6

Indiana ........................................... 26.79 26.73 27.89 28.41 28.78 35.00 .2 −1.8 −2.9

Michigan ........................................ 32.90 33.17 34.23 35.20 35.60 43.96 −.8 −1.9 −3.2

Ohio ............................................... 34.70 34.05 34.40 35.33 36.01 40.02 1.9 −.9 −1.6

Wisconsin ...................................... 23.13 22.96 25.92 26.19 26.18 33.35 .7 −3.0 −4.0

West North Central Total ........... 16.76 16.88 18.92 19.44 19.66 23.44 −.7 −3.9 −3.6

Iowa ............................................... 17.39 17.53 19.58 19.62 19.89 26.85 −.8 −3.3 −4.7

Kansas .......................................... 17.85 17.69 20.99 22.06 22.23 24.58 .9 −5.3 −3.5

Minnesota ..................................... 20.09 20.07 20.96 22.18 22.00 24.92 .1 −2.3 −2.4

Missouri ......................................... 21.39 24.40 27.57 27.65 28.03 31.98 −12.3 −6.5 −4.4

Nebraska ....................................... 13.11 12.92 12.77 12.73 12.88 19.27 1.5 .4 −4.2

North Dakota ................................ 9.28 9.38 9.45 9.37 9.10 11.59 −1.0 .5 −2.4

South Dakota ............................... 13.10 13.30 13.68 13.65 13.97 14.45 −1.5 −1.6 −1.1

South Atlantic Total ..................... 39.53 40.80 41.28 42.18 41.86 45.98 −3.1 −1.4 −1.7

Delaware ....................................... 41.98 44.02 45.31 46.51 47.31 49.52 −4.6 −2.9 −1.8

Florida ........................................... 43.71 43.58 45.03 45.87 45.72 51.86 .3 −1.1 −1.9

Georgia .......................................... 39.82 43.29 43.36 42.95 42.48 45.53 −8.0 −1.6 −1.5

Maryland ....................................... 39.84 40.78 40.68 41.83 41.96 44.21 −2.3 −1.3 −1.1

North Carolina .............................. 41.77 42.36 43.00 44.49 44.64 49.34 −1.4 −1.6 −1.8

South Carolina .............................. 39.84 40.17 39.13 41.37 43.54 47.98 −.8 −2.2 −2.0

Virginia ........................................... 37.05 37.57 37.81 38.87 39.29 46.18 −1.4 −1.4 −2.4

West Virginia ................................ 34.70 35.42 36.88 37.93 36.66 39.81 −2.0 −1.4 −1.5

East South Central Total ............ 32.43 33.30 33.05 33.93 33.98 40.04 −2.6 −1.2 −2.3

Alabama ........................................ 40.42 42.56 41.67 43.82 44.58 48.71 −5.0 −2.4 −2.0

Kentucky ....................................... 27.16 27.29 27.01 27.19 27.58 32.14 −.5 −.4 −1.8

Mississippi ..................................... 35.54 40.51 39.94 41.92 41.49 61.52 −12.3 −3.8 −5.9

Tennessee .................................... 30.61 30.94 31.01 30.48 32.12 36.34 −1.0 −1.2 −1.9

West South Central Total ........... 20.79 22.14 22.55 22.98 22.91 25.72 −6.1 −2.4 −2.3

Arkansas ....................................... 27.91 29.50 28.84 27.90 28.17 27.15 −5.4 −.2 .3

Louisiana ....................................... 25.04 25.65 24.93 27.09 27.78 37.00 −2.3 −2.5 −4.2

Oklahoma ...................................... 17.50 21.32 21.47 23.17 24.98 28.82 −17.9 −8.5 −5.4

Texas ............................................. 19.84 20.91 21.58 21.66 21.19 23.59 −5.1 −1.6 −1.9

Mountain Total .............................. 21.83 22.11 21.64 22.22 22.19 22.44 −1.3 −.4 −.3

Arizona .......................................... 28.26 27.78 28.31 29.16 29.98 27.41 1.7 −1.5 .3

Colorado ........................................ 21.01 21.59 21.67 21.49 20.81 22.49 −2.7 .2 −.8

Montana ........................................ 11.79 11.78 12.14 11.44 11.47 12.23 * .7 −.4

Nevada .......................................... 32.37 32.34 32.32 31.28 33.16 36.84 .1 −.6 −1.4

New Mexico .................................. 25.48 24.61 23.83 25.02 24.03 20.06 3.5 1.5 2.7

Utah ............................................... 26.10 27.34 27.54 27.40 26.80 32.34 −4.5 −.6 −2.3

Wyoming ....................................... 14.09 14.03 13.42 14.55 14.74 16.10 .4 −1.1 −1.5

Pacific Total ................................... 21.93 21.55 22.17 23.16 24.42 26.85 1.8 −2.6 −2.2

Oregon .......................................... 19.18 19.75 21.23 18.28 18.02 33.12 −2.9 1.6 −5.9

Washington ................................... 22.93 22.09 22.48 24.86 25.64 26.78 3.8 −2.8 −1.7

U.S. Total ........................................ 28.03 28.58 29.36 30.02 30.45 34.53 −1.9 −2.0 −2.3

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance and freight.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 165 
Table 93. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by

Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

New England Total ....................... $33.95 $35.09 $37.34 $40.08 $41.82 $57.18 −3.3 −5.1 −5.6

Connecticut ................................... 36.84 36.27 42.43 48.76 49.73 65.48 1.5 −7.2 −6.2

Massachusetts ............................. 34.10 35.13 36.48 38.55 39.98 55.48 −2.9 −3.9 −5.3

New Hampshire ............................ 31.45 34.33 36.96 39.29 41.83 57.25 −8.4 −6.9 −6.4

Middle Atlantic Total ................... 28.81 29.69 31.07 33.15 34.03 42.20 −2.9 −4.1 −4.1

New Jersey ................................... 38.45 38.46 38.56 40.61 42.70 53.89 * −2.6 −3.7

New York ...................................... 29.85 31.28 31.94 35.03 36.58 45.92 −4.6 −5.0 −4.7

Pennsylvania ................................. 28.06 28.93 30.45 32.36 32.88 40.53 −3.0 −3.9 −4.0

East North Central Total ............. 24.24 25.09 26.51 27.75 29.28 42.26 −3.4 −4.6 −6.0

Illinois ............................................. 25.93 28.59 30.65 31.26 33.35 48.31 −9.3 −6.1 −6.7

Indiana ........................................... 21.25 21.65 23.07 24.15 25.40 37.07 −1.8 −4.4 −6.0

Michigan ........................................ 26.09 26.86 28.31 29.93 31.42 46.57 −2.9 −4.5 −6.2

Ohio ............................................... 27.52 27.57 28.45 30.04 31.79 42.39 −.2 −3.5 −4.7

Wisconsin ...................................... 18.34 18.59 21.44 22.27 23.11 35.33 −1.3 −5.6 −7.0

West North Central Total ........... 13.29 13.67 15.65 16.53 17.36 24.83 −2.8 −6.4 −6.7

Iowa ............................................... 13.79 14.19 16.19 16.69 17.55 28.44 −2.8 −5.8 −7.7

Kansas .......................................... 14.16 14.32 17.36 18.75 19.62 26.04 −1.1 −7.8 −6.5

Minnesota ..................................... 15.93 16.25 17.33 18.86 19.42 26.39 −1.9 −4.8 −5.4

Missouri ......................................... 16.96 19.76 22.80 23.51 24.74 33.88 −14.1 −9.0 −7.4

Nebraska ....................................... 10.40 10.46 10.56 10.83 11.37 20.41 −.6 −2.2 −7.2

North Dakota ................................ 7.36 7.59 7.82 7.96 8.03 12.27 −3.1 −2.2 −5.5

South Dakota ............................... 10.39 10.77 11.31 11.61 12.33 15.31 −3.5 −4.2 −4.2

South Atlantic Total ..................... 31.35 33.04 34.14 35.86 36.95 48.70 −5.1 −4.0 −4.8

Delaware ....................................... 33.29 35.65 37.48 39.55 41.76 52.46 −6.6 −5.5 −4.9

Florida ........................................... 34.66 35.29 37.24 39.00 40.35 54.94 −1.8 −3.7 −5.0

Georgia .......................................... 31.58 35.05 35.87 36.52 37.49 48.23 −9.9 −4.2 −4.6

Maryland ....................................... 31.60 33.02 33.65 35.57 37.03 46.83 −4.3 −3.9 −4.3

North Carolina .............................. 33.12 34.30 35.56 37.83 39.40 52.26 −3.4 −4.2 −4.9

South Carolina .............................. 31.59 32.53 32.37 35.18 38.43 50.83 −2.9 −4.8 −5.1

Virginia ........................................... 29.38 30.42 31.27 33.05 34.68 48.92 −3.4 −4.0 −5.5

West Virginia ................................ 27.52 28.68 30.50 32.26 32.35 42.17 −4.0 −4.0 −4.6

East South Central Total ............ 25.72 26.97 27.34 28.85 29.99 42.41 −4.6 −3.8 −5.4

Alabama ........................................ 32.05 34.46 34.46 37.27 39.35 51.60 −7.0 −5.0 −5.1

Kentucky ....................................... 21.54 22.10 22.34 23.12 24.35 34.04 −2.5 −3.0 −4.9

Mississippi ..................................... 28.18 32.80 33.03 35.65 36.62 65.17 −14.1 −6.3 −8.9

Tennessee .................................... 24.28 25.05 25.65 25.91 28.35 38.50 −3.1 −3.8 −5.0

West South Central Total ........... 16.48 17.93 18.65 19.54 20.22 27.24 −8.0 −5.0 −5.4

Arkansas ....................................... 22.13 23.89 23.86 23.72 24.86 28.76 −7.3 −2.9 −2.9

Louisiana ....................................... 19.86 20.77 20.62 23.04 24.52 39.20 −4.4 −5.1 −7.3

Oklahoma ...................................... 13.87 17.26 17.75 19.71 22.04 30.53 −19.6 −10.9 −8.4

Texas ............................................. 15.73 16.93 17.85 18.42 18.71 24.99 −7.1 −4.2 −5.0

Mountain Total .............................. 17.31 17.90 17.90 18.89 19.59 23.78 −3.3 −3.0 −3.5

Arizona .......................................... 22.41 22.50 23.41 24.79 26.46 29.04 −.4 −4.1 −2.8

Colorado ........................................ 16.66 17.48 17.92 18.27 18.36 23.82 −4.7 −2.4 −3.9

Montana ........................................ 9.35 9.54 10.04 9.73 10.12 12.96 −2.0 −2.0 −3.6

Nevada .......................................... 25.67 26.18 26.73 26.60 29.27 39.02 −2.0 −3.2 −4.5

New Mexico .................................. 20.20 19.92 19.71 21.28 21.21 21.25 1.4 −1.2 −.6

Utah ............................................... 20.70 22.13 22.78 23.30 23.65 34.26 −6.5 −3.3 −5.4

Wyoming ....................................... 11.17 11.36 11.10 12.37 13.01 17.05 −1.7 −3.7 −4.6

Pacific Total ................................... 17.39 17.45 18.34 19.69 21.55 28.44 −.3 −5.2 −5.3

Oregon .......................................... 15.21 15.99 17.56 15.54 15.91 35.08 −4.9 −1.1 −8.9

Washington ................................... 18.18 17.89 18.60 21.14 22.63 28.36 1.6 −5.3 −4.8

U.S. Total ........................................ 22.22 23.14 24.28 25.53 26.88 36.58 −4.0 −4.6 −5.4

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Real prices are in 1987 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the cost including insurance and freight.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

166 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 94. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants By Census

Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

New England Total ....................... $55.73 $57.83 $65.71 $66.74 $65.11 $59.35 −3.6 −3.8 −0.7

Connecticut ................................... − − − − − ww w w

Maine ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ............................. w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ............................ − − − − w ww w w

Vermont ......................................... − − − − − ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total ................... w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New York ...................................... 42.20 42.15 43.95 43.79 44.07 47.77 .1 −1.1 −1.4

Pennsylvania ................................. 33.66 34.04 35.70 35.89 36.61 39.81 −1.1 −2.1 −1.8

East North Central Total ............. 34.72 34.54 35.05 35.98 36.16 40.54 .5 −1.0 −1.7

Illinois ............................................. 29.13 29.42 29.24 30.81 31.28 39.11 −1.0 −1.8 −3.2

Indiana ........................................... 31.35 30.91 31.58 33.01 32.83 36.03 1.4 −1.1 −1.5

Michigan ........................................ 41.20 41.46 42.17 43.69 43.39 49.38 −.6 −1.3 −2.0

Ohio ............................................... 35.75 34.82 35.24 34.85 35.04 35.97 2.7 .5 −.1

Wisconsin ...................................... 41.23 40.85 42.27 43.31 43.41 49.20 .9 −1.3 −1.9

West North Central Total ........... 18.61 18.00 17.76 18.34 18.41 21.02 3.4 .3 −1.3

Iowa ............................................... 28.52 28.01 27.17 29.15 30.26 37.46 1.8 −1.5 −3.0

Kansas .......................................... 32.25 33.06 31.96 30.81 28.69 36.29 −2.4 3.0 −1.3

Minnesota ..................................... 35.66 35.81 35.63 36.26 36.63 42.77 −.4 −.7 −2.0

Missouri ......................................... 32.87 32.12 31.48 31.28 30.18 34.95 2.3 2.1 −.7

Nebraska ....................................... w w w w w 46.59 w w w

North Dakota ................................ w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota ............................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total ..................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida ........................................... 46.60 48.28 48.27 47.42 47.22 50.53 −3.5 −.3 −.9

Georgia .......................................... 45.71 45.20 45.18 44.95 44.90 45.17 1.1 .4 .1

Maryland ....................................... 32.18 32.18 32.83 33.71 28.71 32.81 * 2.9 −.2

North Carolina .............................. 43.62 43.44 43.46 43.05 44.86 47.22 .4 −.7 −.9

South Carolina .............................. 43.84 43.35 43.31 43.19 43.79 44.09 1.1 * −.1

Virginia ........................................... 41.56 41.27 40.97 40.53 41.05 42.01 .7 .3 −.1

West Virginia ................................ 32.73 32.91 31.93 32.08 31.88 35.32 −.5 .6 −.8

East South Central Total ............ w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ........................................ 38.74 39.01 39.76 40.43 40.58 45.31 −.7 −1.1 −1.7

Kentucky ....................................... 43.22 42.30 43.78 46.54 45.81 45.94 2.2 −1.4 −.7

Mississippi ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee .................................... 35.34 35.41 35.52 35.66 35.16 39.34 −.2 .1 −1.2

West South Central Total ........... 22.95 21.38 22.80 23.31 21.28 w 7.3 1.9 w

Arkansas ....................................... 44.28 44.06 44.61 45.09 45.39 45.26 .5 −.6 −.2

Louisiana ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma ...................................... w w w w w 38.43 w w w

Texas ............................................. 19.54 17.58 18.14 18.61 16.79 24.92 11.1 3.9 −2.7

Mountain Total .............................. 28.78 28.51 28.66 29.60 28.75 32.19 .9 * −1.2

Arizona .......................................... 41.35 40.51 40.95 40.09 39.54 w 2.1 1.1 w

Colorado ........................................ 28.96 28.63 30.34 29.27 26.93 28.24 1.1 1.8 .3

Idaho .............................................. 33.35 32.78 33.29 33.91 31.78 32.85 1.7 1.2 .2

Montana ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah ............................................... 26.57 26.51 25.35 26.43 28.49 28.55 .2 −1.7 −.8

Wyoming ....................................... 22.87 23.43 23.67 25.19 24.91 w −2.4 −2.1 w

Pacific Total ................................... 44.92 43.83 43.37 45.75 45.96 51.38 2.5 −.6 −1.5

California ....................................... 43.39 42.86 42.05 44.79 45.11 52.39 1.2 −1.0 −2.1

Hawaii ............................................ w w w w w 56.77 w w w

Oregon .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Washington ................................... 58.86 53.11 56.25 59.16 55.63 49.73 10.8 1.4 1.9

U.S. Total ........................................ 32.55 32.23 32.78 33.54 33.59 37.21 1.0 −.8 −1.5

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 167 
Table 95. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by

Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

New England Total ....................... $44.20 $46.83 $54.35 $56.75 $57.46 $62.87 −5.6 −6.3 −3.8

Connecticut ................................... − − − − − ww w w

Maine ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ............................. w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ............................ − − − − w ww w w

Vermont ......................................... − − − − − ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total ................... w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New York ...................................... 33.47 34.13 36.35 37.24 38.89 50.60 −1.9 −3.7 −4.5

Pennsylvania ................................. 26.69 27.57 29.53 30.52 32.31 42.18 −3.2 −4.7 −4.9

East North Central Total ............. 27.53 27.97 28.99 30.60 31.92 42.94 −1.5 −3.6 −4.8

Illinois ............................................. 23.10 23.82 24.19 26.20 27.61 41.43 −3.0 −4.4 −6.3

Indiana ........................................... 24.86 25.03 26.12 28.07 28.98 38.17 −.6 −3.8 −4.6

Michigan ........................................ 32.67 33.57 34.88 37.15 38.30 52.31 −2.7 −3.9 −5.1

Ohio ............................................... 28.35 28.19 29.14 29.63 30.92 38.11 .5 −2.1 −3.2

Wisconsin ...................................... 32.70 33.07 34.97 36.83 38.31 52.12 −1.1 −3.9 −5.0

West North Central Total ........... 14.76 14.58 14.69 15.59 16.25 22.27 1.3 −2.4 −4.5

Iowa ............................................... 22.62 22.68 22.47 24.79 26.71 39.68 −.3 −4.1 −6.0

Kansas .......................................... 25.57 26.77 26.43 26.20 25.32 38.44 −4.4 .2 −4.4

Minnesota ..................................... 28.28 29.00 29.47 30.83 32.33 45.31 −2.5 −3.3 −5.1

Missouri ......................................... 26.07 26.01 26.03 26.60 26.64 37.02 .2 −.5 −3.8

Nebraska ....................................... w w w w w 49.35 w w w

North Dakota ................................ w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota ............................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total ..................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida ........................................... 36.96 39.10 39.92 40.32 41.68 53.53 −5.5 −3.0 −4.0

Georgia .......................................... 36.25 36.60 37.37 38.23 39.63 47.85 −.9 −2.2 −3.0

Maryland ....................................... 25.52 26.06 27.15 28.67 25.34 34.75 −2.1 .2 −3.4

North Carolina .............................. 34.59 35.18 35.95 36.60 39.60 50.02 −1.7 −3.3 −4.0

South Carolina .............................. 34.76 35.10 35.82 36.73 38.65 46.71 −.9 −2.6 −3.2

Virginia ........................................... 32.96 33.42 33.88 34.46 36.23 44.50 −1.4 −2.3 −3.3

West Virginia ................................ 25.95 26.65 26.41 27.28 28.14 37.42 −2.6 −2.0 −4.0

East South Central Total ............ w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ........................................ 30.72 31.59 32.89 34.38 35.81 47.99 −2.7 −3.8 −4.8

Kentucky ....................................... 34.27 34.25 36.21 39.57 40.43 48.67 * −4.0 −3.8

Mississippi ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee .................................... 28.03 28.68 29.38 30.33 31.03 41.67 −2.3 −2.5 −4.3

West South Central Total ........... 18.20 17.31 18.86 19.82 18.78 w 5.1 −.8 w

Arkansas ....................................... 35.11 35.68 36.90 38.35 40.06 47.95 −1.6 −3.2 −3.4

Louisiana ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma ...................................... w w w w w 40.71 w w w

Texas ............................................. 15.50 14.23 15.00 15.82 14.82 26.40 8.9 1.1 −5.7

Mountain Total .............................. 22.83 23.09 23.70 25.17 25.37 34.10 −1.1 −2.6 −4.4

Arizona .......................................... 32.79 32.80 33.87 34.09 34.90 w * −1.5 w

Colorado ........................................ 22.96 23.18 25.09 24.89 23.77 29.91 −.9 −.8 −2.9

Idaho .............................................. 26.44 26.54 27.53 28.83 28.05 34.80 −.3 −1.4 −3.0

Montana ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah ............................................... 21.07 21.47 20.97 22.47 25.14 30.25 −1.8 −4.3 −3.9

Wyoming ....................................... 18.14 18.97 19.58 21.42 21.99 w −4.4 −4.7 w

Pacific Total ................................... 35.62 35.49 35.87 38.91 40.56 54.43 .4 −3.2 −4.6

California ....................................... 34.41 34.71 34.78 38.09 39.82 55.50 −.8 −3.6 −5.2

Hawaii ............................................ w w w w w 60.14 w w w

Oregon .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Washington ................................... 46.68 43.00 46.52 50.31 49.10 52.68 8.5 −1.3 −1.3

U.S. Total ........................................ 25.82 26.10 27.11 28.52 29.65 39.42 −1.1 −3.4 −4.6

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Real prices are in 1987 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators.

See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants.’’

168 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 96. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division

and State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Middle Atlantic Total ................... w w w w w ww w w

New York ...................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ................................. $46.25 $46.41 $46.49 $46.86 $45.78 $50.49 −0.3 0.3 −1.0

East North Central Total ............. 47.23 49.52 50.37 50.70 48.81 57.46 −4.6 −.8 −2.1

Illinois ............................................. w w w w w 55.83 w w w

Indiana ........................................... 50.90 52.29 53.72 53.31 49.39 59.98 −2.6 .8 −1.8

Michigan ........................................ w − − w w w w w w

Ohio ............................................... 42.02 45.07 46.68 46.15 48.29 54.89 −6.8 −3.4 −2.9

West North Central Total ........... −−−−− w − w w

Missouri ......................................... − − − − − w − w w

South Atlantic Total ..................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland ....................................... − − − w w ww w w

Virginia ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia ................................ w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total ............ w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ........................................ 47.45 47.50 47.80 48.35 48.93 54.19 −.1 −.8 −1.5

Kentucky ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee .................................... − − − www − w w

West South Central Total ........... −−−−− w − w w

Texas ............................................. − − − − − w − w w

Mountain Total .............................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total ........................................ 46.56 47.44 47.92 48.88 47.73 54.33 −1.9 −.6 −1.7

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

Table 97. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census

Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Middle Atlantic Total ................... w w w w w ww w w

New York ...................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ................................. $36.68 $37.58 $38.46 $39.85 $40.41 $53.48 −2.4 −2.4 −4.1

East North Central Total ............. 37.46 40.10 41.66 43.11 43.08 60.87 −6.6 −3.4 −5.3

Illinois ............................................. w w w w w 59.14 w w w

Indiana ........................................... 40.37 42.34 44.43 45.33 43.59 63.54 −4.7 −1.9 −4.9

Michigan ........................................ w − − w w w w w w

Ohio ............................................... 33.32 36.49 38.61 39.24 42.63 58.15 −8.7 −6.0 −6.0

West North Central Total ........... −−−−− w − w w

Missouri ......................................... − − − − − w − w w

South Atlantic Total ..................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland ....................................... − − − w w ww w w

Virginia ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia ................................ w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total ............ w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ........................................ 37.63 38.46 39.54 41.11 43.19 57.41 −2.2 −3.4 −4.6

Kentucky ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee .................................... − − − www − w w

West South Central Total ........... −−−−− w − w w

Texas ............................................. − − − − − w − w w

Mountain Total .............................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total ........................................ 36.92 38.42 39.63 41.57 42.13 57.56 −3.9 −3.2 −4.8

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Real prices are in 1987 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 169 
Import/Export Prices

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 171 
Table 98. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of

Origin, 1985, 1990-1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change of Origin 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

North America Total .................... $30.61 $29.00 $27.88 $25.10 $24.55 $32.34 5.5 5.7 −0.6

Canada .......................................... 30.61 29.02 27.88 25.10 24.45 32.34 5.5 5.8 −.6

Mexico ........................................... − 21.19 − − 38.36 − −100.0 −100.0 −

South America Total .................... 29.00 27.64 33.04 34.64 37.59 36.20 4.9 −6.3 −2.4

Colombia ....................................... 27.46 27.26 32.25 32.87 36.87 36.20 .7 −7.1 −3.0

Venezuela ..................................... 32.41 28.87 35.61 40.87 41.50 − 12.3 −6.0 −

Europe Total .................................. − 32.08 34.12 − 37.17 26.95 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Denmark ........................................ − 32.08 − − 36.35 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Germany ........................................ − − − − − 26.95 − −−100.0

United Kingdom ........................... − − 34.12 − 37.19 −− −100.0 −

Asia Total ....................................... 34.09 42.70 38.75 − − −−20.2 − −

India ............................................... − − 23.65 − − −− − −

Indonesia ....................................... 33.80 42.70 40.94 − − −−20.8 − −

Malaysia ........................................ − − 47.06 − − −− − −

Vietnam ......................................... 48.08 − − − − −− − −

Oceania & Australia Total .......... 31.16 31.56 36.07 37.97 41.73 31.57 −1.2 −7.0 −.1

Australia ........................................ 30.02 31.56 36.07 37.97 41.73 31.57 −4.9 −7.9 −.5

New Zealand ................................ 44.15 − − − − −− − −

Africa Total .................................... 25.33 27.81 49.29 − − 35.06 −8.9 − −3.5

South Africa, Rep of .................... 25.33 − 49.29 − − 35.06 −−−3.5

Swaziland ...................................... − 27.81 − − − − −100.0 − −

 1 Total ............................................... 29.98 29.36 32.48 32.34 33.43 34.92 2.1 −2.7 −1.7

 2 U.S. Total ....................................... 30.21 29.89 33.46 33.12 34.45 36.04 1.1 −3.2 −1.9

1 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal imports and fall within

the range of $20 to $50 per short ton, inclusively. 2 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal imports.

Notes: Average price is based on the customs import value. Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

172 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 99. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1985, 1990-1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change of Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

North America Total .................... $32.86 $34.16 $33.06 $33.61 $32.71 $48.51 −3.8 0.1 −4.2 1 Canada ......................................... 32.50 33.86 33.00 33.48 32.63 48.69 −4.0 −.1 −4.4

Mexico ........................................... 44.27 44.03 43.48 43.64 37.55 44.70 .5 4.2 −.1 2 Other ............................................ 35.37 35.10 36.39 35.70 34.18 39.56 .8 .8 −1.2

South America Total .................... 42.28 43.77 45.54 46.24 46.26 49.29 −3.4 −2.2 −1.7

Argentina ....................................... 42.51 43.21 45.44 45.59 45.80 49.09 −1.6 −1.8 −1.6

Brazil .............................................. 42.26 43.84 45.57 46.44 46.88 49.46 −3.6 −2.6 −1.7 2 Other ............................................ 40.67 39.46 42.96 38.80 36.79 47.12 3.1 2.5 −1.6

Europe Total .................................. 42.32 43.38 42.67 43.08 43.92 44.01 −2.4 −.9 −.4

Belgium & Luxembourg ............... 42.23 43.14 44.01 44.82 45.02 45.76 −2.1 −1.6 −.9

Bulgaria ......................................... 42.09 41.96 43.29 42.57 49.24 44.32 .3 −3.8 −.6

Denmark ........................................ 29.23 34.95 32.69 32.95 34.37 37.93 −16.4 −4.0 −2.8

Finland ........................................... 41.14 39.61 40.81 44.77 44.72 40.80 3.8 −2.1 .1

France ........................................... 44.23 42.24 39.38 40.18 43.00 46.33 4.7 .7 −.5

Germany ........................................ 45.33 38.98 38.27 39.33 41.61 42.33 16.3 2.2 .8

Ireland ........................................... 33.82 35.84 36.81 39.53 38.54 46.91 −5.6 −3.2 −3.6

Italy ................................................ 43.00 44.33 45.34 45.38 44.72 42.05 −3.0 −1.0 .2

Netherlands .................................. 41.99 44.22 43.34 43.18 42.93 44.73 −5.0 −.5 −.7

Norway .......................................... 47.37 − 47.95 32.11 − 40.68 − − 1.7

Portugal ......................................... 36.25 37.70 40.74 40.87 40.80 47.22 −3.8 −2.9 −2.9

Romania ........................................ 35.10 36.28 41.62 45.89 47.53 45.33 −3.3 −7.3 −2.8

Spain ............................................. 46.35 47.03 46.82 45.23 46.74 46.23 −1.4 −.2 *

Sweden ......................................... 45.56 45.96 46.66 47.72 48.20 45.34 −.9 −1.4 *

Turkey ............................................ 41.28 42.58 45.54 46.84 46.13 47.30 −3.0 −2.7 −1.5

United Kingdom ........................... 45.22 45.90 45.54 46.35 47.30 46.82 −1.5 −1.1 −.4

Yugoslavia ..................................... − 39.60 45.04 46.61 46.11 48.06 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0 2 Other ............................................ 38.14 40.67 37.05 44.28 46.28 35.78 −6.2 −4.7 .7

Asia Total ....................................... 38.66 40.58 42.65 43.24 43.32 43.43 −4.7 −2.8 −1.3

China (Taiwan) ............................. 38.65 39.49 41.23 41.73 38.64 41.70 −2.1 * −.8

Israel .............................................. 33.23 34.79 39.11 39.87 39.42 42.17 −4.5 −4.2 −2.6

Japan ............................................. 38.58 40.88 42.91 43.39 44.26 45.16 −5.6 −3.4 −1.7

Korea, Republic of ....................... 40.24 42.12 44.93 45.95 46.38 42.68 −4.5 −3.5 −.6 2 Other ............................................ 37.24 44.23 37.06 38.61 38.91 40.79 −15.8 −1.1 −1.0

Oceania & Australia Total .......... 39.99 34.46 34.50 − 36.60 − 16.0 2.2 − 2 Other ............................................ 39.99 34.46 34.50 − 36.60 − 16.0 2.2 −

Africa Total .................................... 43.59 42.55 42.97 41.26 39.77 46.41 2.5 2.3 −.7

Algeria ........................................... 43.24 44.32 46.35 46.50 47.67 48.18 −2.4 −2.4 −1.2

Egypt ............................................. 43.14 44.86 46.08 45.69 45.97 44.88 −3.8 −1.6 −.4

Morocco ........................................ 35.03 33.86 33.80 33.73 31.34 45.36 3.5 2.8 −2.8

South Africa, Rep of .................... 45.67 46.87 47.79 48.92 − 47.10 −2.6 − −.3 2 Other ............................................ − 40.53 − 40.81 − 40.02 −100.0 − −100.0

 3 Total ............................................... 40.24 41.53 41.44 42.35 42.25 45.04 −3.1 −1.2 −1.2

 4 U.S. Total ....................................... 39.93 41.41 41.34 42.39 42.63 48.18 −3.6 −1.6 −2.1

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1993. 3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $28 to $50 per short ton, inclusively. 4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 173 
Table 100. Average Real Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination,

1985, 1990-1994

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change of Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

North America Total .................... $26.06 $27.66 $27.35 $28.58 $28.87 $51.39 −5.8 −2.5 −7.3 1 Canada ......................................... 25.78 27.42 27.29 28.47 28.80 51.58 −6.0 −2.7 −7.4

Mexico ........................................... 35.11 35.65 35.96 37.11 33.14 47.35 −1.5 1.4 −3.3 2 Other ............................................ 28.05 28.42 30.10 30.36 30.17 41.91 −1.3 −1.8 −4.4

South America Total .................... 33.53 35.44 37.67 39.32 40.83 52.21 −5.4 −4.8 −4.8

Argentina ....................................... 33.71 34.99 37.59 38.77 40.43 52.00 −3.7 −4.4 −4.7

Brazil .............................................. 33.52 35.49 37.69 39.49 41.38 52.40 −5.6 −5.1 −4.8 2 Other ............................................ 32.25 31.95 35.53 33.00 32.47 49.92 .9 −.2 −4.7

Europe Total .................................. 33.56 35.13 35.29 36.63 38.77 46.62 −4.4 −3.5 −3.6

Belgium & Luxembourg ............... 33.49 34.93 36.40 38.11 39.74 48.48 −4.1 −4.2 −4.0

Bulgaria ......................................... 33.38 33.98 35.81 36.20 43.46 46.95 −1.8 −6.4 −3.7

Denmark ........................................ 23.18 28.30 27.04 28.02 30.34 40.18 −18.1 −6.5 −5.9

Finland ........................................... 32.62 32.07 33.76 38.07 39.47 43.22 1.7 −4.6 −3.1

France ........................................... 35.08 34.20 32.57 34.16 37.96 49.08 2.5 −1.9 −3.7

Germany ........................................ 35.95 31.56 31.66 33.45 36.73 44.84 13.9 −.5 −2.4

Ireland ........................................... 26.82 29.02 30.44 33.61 34.02 49.69 −7.6 −5.8 −6.6

Italy ................................................ 34.10 35.89 37.50 38.59 39.47 44.54 −5.0 −3.6 −2.9

Netherlands .................................. 33.30 35.81 35.85 36.72 37.89 47.38 −7.0 −3.2 −3.8

Norway .......................................... 37.57 − 39.66 27.31 − 43.09 −−−1.5

Portugal ......................................... 28.75 30.53 33.70 34.75 36.01 50.02 −5.8 −5.5 −6.0

Romania ........................................ 27.83 29.37 34.43 39.02 41.95 48.02 −5.3 −9.8 −5.9

Spain ............................................. 36.75 38.08 38.72 38.46 41.25 48.97 −3.5 −2.8 −3.1

Sweden ......................................... 36.13 37.22 38.60 40.58 42.55 48.03 −2.9 −4.0 −3.1

Turkey ............................................ 32.74 34.48 37.67 39.83 40.71 50.11 −5.0 −5.3 −4.6

United Kingdom ........................... 35.86 37.17 37.66 39.42 41.75 49.60 −3.5 −3.7 −3.5

Yugoslavia ..................................... − 32.06 37.26 39.64 40.70 50.91 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0 2 Other ............................................ 30.25 32.93 30.64 37.66 40.85 37.90 −8.1 −7.2 −2.5

Asia Total ....................................... 30.66 32.86 35.28 36.77 38.23 46.01 −6.7 −5.4 −4.4

China (Taiwan) ............................. 30.65 31.98 34.10 35.48 34.10 44.18 −4.1 −2.6 −4.0

Israel .............................................. 26.35 28.17 32.35 33.90 34.79 44.67 −6.4 −6.7 −5.7

Japan ............................................. 30.59 33.10 35.49 36.90 39.06 47.84 −7.6 −5.9 −4.8

Korea, Republic of ....................... 31.91 34.11 37.16 39.08 40.94 45.21 −6.4 −6.0 −3.8 2 Other ............................................ 29.53 35.81 30.66 32.84 34.34 43.21 −17.5 −3.7 −4.1

Oceania & Australia Total .......... 31.71 27.90 28.54 − 32.31 − 13.6 −.5 − 2 Other ............................................ 31.71 27.90 28.54 − 32.31 − 13.6 −.5 −

Africa Total .................................... 34.57 34.45 35.54 35.09 35.10 49.16 .3 −.4 −3.8

Algeria ........................................... 34.29 35.89 38.34 39.54 42.07 51.03 −4.4 −5.0 −4.3

Egypt ............................................. 34.21 36.32 38.12 38.85 40.57 47.54 −5.8 −4.2 −3.6

Morocco ........................................ 27.78 27.42 27.96 28.68 27.66 48.05 1.3 .1 −5.9

South Africa, Rep of .................... 36.21 37.96 39.53 41.60 − 49.89 −4.6 − −3.5 2 Other ............................................ − 32.82 − 34.70 − 42.39 −100.0 − −100.0

 3 Total ............................................... 31.91 33.62 34.27 36.02 37.29 47.71 −5.1 −3.8 −4.4

 4 U.S. Total ....................................... 31.67 33.53 34.19 36.05 37.62 51.04 −5.6 −4.2 −5.2

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1993. 3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $28 to $50 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively. 4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

Notes: Real prices are in 1987 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

174 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 101. Average Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination,

1985, 1990-1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change of Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

North America Total .................... $35.08 $36.03 $36.43 $38.54 $37.93 $47.43 −2.6 −1.9 −3.3 1 Canada ......................................... 34.58 35.66 36.34 38.43 37.93 48.53 −3.0 −2.3 −3.7

Mexico ........................................... 44.53 45.16 47.92 49.20 43.67 45.67 −1.4 .5 −.3 2 Other ............................................ − − − − 49.93 46.38 − −100.0 −100.0

South America Total .................... 42.29 43.91 45.65 46.44 46.84 49.39 −3.7 −2.5 −1.7

Argentina ....................................... 42.56 43.63 45.45 45.62 45.80 49.11 −2.4 −1.8 −1.6

Brazil .............................................. 42.26 43.94 45.65 46.48 46.95 49.49 −3.8 −2.6 −1.7 2 Other ............................................ − − 47.40 49.78 48.84 48.19 − −100.0 −100.0

Europe Total .................................. 44.54 45.57 46.57 46.91 47.29 48.06 −2.3 −1.5 −.8

Belgium & Luxembourg ............... 45.07 45.88 47.02 47.52 47.96 47.53 −1.7 −1.5 −.6

Bulgaria ......................................... 42.13 41.99 43.29 42.57 49.44 − .3 −3.9 −

Denmark ........................................ − 36.29 − 29.37 − −−100.0 − −

Finland ........................................... 42.34 39.61 40.81 46.21 44.72 − 6.9 −1.3 −

France ........................................... 44.36 45.17 44.39 43.96 45.29 48.15 −1.8 −.5 −.9

Germany ........................................ 45.88 46.17 45.79 48.55 45.69 − −.6 .1 −

Ireland ........................................... − − − − − 48.99 − −−100.0

Italy ................................................ 45.32 45.93 47.44 48.28 47.70 48.81 −1.3 −1.3 −.8

Netherlands .................................. 45.07 46.17 47.00 47.11 47.12 48.73 −2.4 −1.1 −.9

Norway .......................................... 47.37 − 47.95 − − 44.00 − − .8

Portugal ......................................... − 38.43 44.33 48.11 45.79 49.56 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Romania ........................................ 32.65 36.26 41.62 46.47 47.53 45.33 −10.0 −9.0 −3.6

Spain ............................................. 46.36 47.47 48.48 48.45 48.24 49.53 −2.3 −1.0 −.7

Sweden ......................................... 45.56 45.96 46.67 47.76 48.61 45.75 −.9 −1.6 *

Turkey ............................................ 41.28 42.58 45.54 46.87 46.16 48.94 −3.0 −2.8 −1.9

United Kingdom ........................... 45.15 46.64 47.72 48.46 48.49 48.86 −3.2 −1.8 −.9

Yugoslavia ..................................... − 48.31 45.04 46.61 46.11 48.06 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0 2 Other ............................................ 38.00 − 37.00 44.32 48.05 46.45 − −5.7 −2.2

Asia Total ....................................... 41.45 44.04 45.39 46.00 46.18 48.52 −5.9 −2.7 −1.7

China (Taiwan) ............................. 42.48 44.86 45.63 46.80 47.48 49.30 −5.3 −2.7 −1.6

Israel .............................................. − − 40.13 42.18 43.64 −− −100.0 −

Japan ............................................. 40.57 43.53 44.98 45.52 45.60 48.89 −6.8 −2.9 −2.0

Korea, Republic of ....................... 44.00 45.67 47.13 47.54 48.07 47.56 −3.7 −2.2 −.9 2 Other ............................................ − 45.13 − − − 49.98 −100.0 − −100.0

Africa Total .................................... 43.95 45.25 46.29 45.03 46.67 46.61 −2.9 −1.5 −.6

Algeria ........................................... 43.24 44.32 46.35 46.50 47.67 48.18 −2.4 −2.4 −1.2

Egypt ............................................. 43.14 44.86 46.09 45.70 45.98 44.88 −3.8 −1.6 −.4

Morocco ........................................ − − 34.22 34.54 − −− − −

South Africa, Rep of .................... 45.67 46.87 47.79 48.92 − 47.10 −2.6 − −.3 2 Other ............................................ − 40.53 − − − − −100.0 − −

 3 Total ............................................... 42.74 44.11 45.36 46.07 46.29 48.19 −3.1 −2.0 −1.3

 4 U.S. Total ....................................... 42.77 44.11 45.41 46.15 46.51 50.46 −3.0 −2.1 −1.8

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1993. 3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $28 to $50 per short ton, inclusively. 4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 175 
Table 102. Average Real Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by

Destination, 1985, 1990-1994

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change of Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

North America Total .................... $27.82 $29.18 $30.13 $32.77 $33.48 $50.24 −4.6 −4.5 −6.3 1 Canada ......................................... 27.42 28.88 30.06 32.68 33.48 51.41 −5.0 −4.9 −6.7

Mexico ........................................... 35.32 36.57 39.63 41.83 38.54 48.38 −3.4 −2.2 −3.4 2 Other ............................................ − − − − 44.07 49.13 − −100.0 −100.0

South America Total .................... 33.53 35.56 37.76 39.49 41.34 52.32 −5.7 −5.1 −4.8

Argentina ....................................... 33.75 35.33 37.60 38.79 40.43 52.03 −4.5 −4.4 −4.7

Brazil .............................................. 33.52 35.58 37.76 39.52 41.44 52.42 −5.8 −5.2 −4.8 2 Other ............................................ − − 39.21 42.33 43.11 51.05 − −100.0 −100.0

Europe Total .................................. 35.32 36.90 38.52 39.89 41.74 50.91 −4.3 −4.1 −4.0

Belgium & Luxembourg ............... 35.74 37.15 38.89 40.41 42.33 50.35 −3.8 −4.1 −3.7

Bulgaria ......................................... 33.41 34.00 35.81 36.20 43.64 − −1.8 −6.5 −

Denmark ........................................ − 29.38 − 24.97 − −−100.0 − −

Finland ........................................... 33.58 32.07 33.76 39.30 39.47 − 4.7 −4.0 −

France ........................................... 35.18 36.57 36.72 37.38 39.98 51.01 −3.8 −3.1 −4.0

Germany ........................................ 36.39 37.39 37.87 41.28 40.32 − −2.7 −2.5 −

Ireland ........................................... − − − − − 51.89 − −−100.0

Italy ................................................ 35.94 37.19 39.24 41.05 42.10 51.70 −3.3 −3.9 −3.9

Netherlands .................................. 35.74 37.38 38.88 40.06 41.59 51.62 −4.4 −3.7 −4.0

Norway .......................................... 37.57 − 39.66 − − 46.61 −−−2.4

Portugal ......................................... − 31.12 36.67 40.91 40.41 52.50 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Romania ........................................ 25.89 29.36 34.43 39.52 41.95 48.02 −11.8 −11.4 −6.6

Spain ............................................. 36.76 38.44 40.10 41.20 42.58 52.46 −4.4 −3.6 −3.9

Sweden ......................................... 36.13 37.22 38.60 40.61 42.90 48.47 −2.9 −4.2 −3.2

Turkey ............................................ 32.74 34.48 37.67 39.85 40.74 51.84 −5.0 −5.3 −5.0

United Kingdom ........................... 35.81 37.77 39.47 41.21 42.80 51.76 −5.2 −4.4 −4.0

Yugoslavia ..................................... − 39.12 37.26 39.64 40.70 50.91 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0 2 Other ............................................ 30.14 − 30.60 37.69 42.41 49.20 − −8.2 −5.3

Asia Total ....................................... 32.87 35.66 37.54 39.11 40.76 51.40 −7.8 −5.2 −4.8

China (Taiwan) ............................. 33.69 36.33 37.74 39.79 41.90 52.23 −7.3 −5.3 −4.8

Israel .............................................. − − 33.19 35.87 38.51 −− −100.0 −

Japan ............................................. 32.17 35.25 37.20 38.71 40.25 51.79 −8.7 −5.4 −5.1

Korea, Republic of ....................... 34.89 36.98 38.98 40.43 42.42 50.38 −5.6 −4.8 −4.0 2 Other ............................................ − 36.54 − − − 52.95 −100.0 − −100.0

Africa Total .................................... 34.85 36.64 38.29 38.29 41.19 49.38 −4.9 −4.1 −3.8

Algeria ........................................... 34.29 35.89 38.34 39.54 42.07 51.03 −4.4 −5.0 −4.3

Egypt ............................................. 34.21 36.33 38.12 38.86 40.58 47.54 −5.8 −4.2 −3.6

Morocco ........................................ − − 28.31 29.37 − −− − −

South Africa, Rep of .................... 36.21 37.96 39.53 41.60 − 49.89 −4.6 − −3.5 2 Other ............................................ − 32.82 − − − − −100.0 − −

 3 Total ............................................... 33.89 35.72 37.52 39.18 40.85 51.05 −5.1 −4.6 −4.4

 4 U.S. Total ....................................... 33.91 35.71 37.56 39.25 41.05 53.46 −5.0 −4.6 −4.9

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1993. 3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $28 to $50 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively. 4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

Notes: Real prices are in 1987 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

176 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 103. Average Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination,

1985, 1990-1994

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change of Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

North America Total .................... $30.54 $31.85 $31.42 $30.49 $30.49 $48.60 −4.1 * −5.0 1 Canada ......................................... 30.41 31.66 31.35 30.28 30.30 48.70 −3.9 0.1 −5.1

Mexico ........................................... 41.42 40.40 38.19 39.16 37.46 39.22 2.5 2.5 .6

 2 Other ............................................ 35.37 35.10 36.39 35.70 34.16 28.72 .8 .9 2.3

South America Total .................... 37.59 40.05 42.38 39.13 37.16 43.60 −6.1 .3 −1.6

Argentina ....................................... 34.46 37.81 38.57 35.95 − 39.98 −8.9 − −1.6

Brazil .............................................. − 40.61 42.95 43.64 42.44 45.36 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0 2 Other ............................................ 40.67 39.46 36.96 36.32 35.83 42.97 3.1 3.2 −.6

Europe Total .................................. 36.01 37.47 36.99 37.74 38.55 39.62 −3.9 −1.7 −1.0

Belgium & Luxembourg ............... 33.49 34.09 36.35 37.08 37.64 39.05 −1.8 −2.9 −1.7

Bulgaria ......................................... 41.40 41.51 − − 48.99 44.32 −.3 −4.1 −.8

Denmark ........................................ 29.23 34.34 32.69 33.14 34.37 37.93 −14.9 −4.0 −2.8

Finland ........................................... 35.47 40.85 − 40.82 − 40.80 −13.1 − −1.5

France ........................................... 38.11 31.83 33.64 33.93 37.07 35.65 19.7 .7 .7

Germany ........................................ 40.67 34.19 35.82 34.95 35.27 42.33 18.9 3.6 −.4

Ireland ........................................... 33.82 35.84 36.81 39.53 38.54 46.13 −5.6 −3.2 −3.4

Italy ................................................ 38.30 40.26 41.32 41.71 40.76 40.01 −4.9 −1.5 −.5

Netherlands .................................. 35.95 40.21 39.24 39.59 39.14 42.96 −10.6 −2.1 −1.9

Norway .......................................... − − − 32.11 − 39.33 − −−100.0

Portugal ......................................... 36.25 37.62 40.38 40.52 39.96 46.89 −3.6 −2.4 −2.8

Romania ........................................ 37.26 36.29 − 42.64 − − 2.7 − −

Spain ............................................. 40.84 39.22 38.47 34.32 34.92 36.94 4.1 4.0 1.1

Sweden ......................................... − − 34.53 41.64 35.00 43.59 − −100.0 −100.0

Turkey ............................................ − 40.84 40.72 46.38 39.30 35.18 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

United Kingdom ........................... 47.21 40.87 38.96 39.69 42.67 40.75 15.5 2.6 1.6

Yugoslavia ..................................... − 29.03 − 40.97 − 40.02 −100.0 − −100.0 2 Other ............................................ 40.92 40.67 42.07 40.79 39.95 34.24 .6 .6 2.0

Asia Total ....................................... 35.24 36.52 38.27 39.18 38.09 39.52 −3.5 −1.9 −1.3

China (Taiwan) ............................. 38.28 39.01 40.63 41.16 37.81 41.24 −1.9 .3 −.8

Israel .............................................. 33.23 34.79 38.89 39.41 39.02 42.17 −4.5 −3.9 −2.6

Japan ............................................. 33.69 35.45 35.98 36.05 37.80 37.11 −5.0 −2.8 −1.1

Korea, Republic of ....................... 32.56 34.34 37.24 39.97 39.63 37.07 −5.2 −4.8 −1.4 2 Other ............................................ 37.24 37.31 37.06 38.61 38.91 40.00 −.2 −1.1 −.8

Oceania & Australia Total .......... 39.99 34.46 34.50 − 36.60 − 16.0 2.2 − 2 Other ............................................ 39.99 34.46 34.50 − 36.60 − 16.0 2.2 −

Africa Total .................................... 35.12 33.86 33.78 33.56 31.34 45.34 3.7 2.9 −2.8

Egypt ............................................. 40.89 40.88 39.92 40.81 35.91 − * 3.3 −

Morocco ........................................ 35.03 33.86 33.77 33.53 31.34 45.36 3.5 2.8 −2.8 2 Other ............................................ − − − 40.81 − 40.02 − −−100.0

 3 Total ............................................... 34.65 36.10 35.86 36.86 36.28 42.50 −4.0 −1.1 −2.2

 4 U.S. Total ....................................... 34.34 36.03 35.73 36.91 36.81 43.92 −4.7 −1.7 −2.7

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1993. 3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $28 to $50 per short ton, inclusively. 4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. Steam coal includes bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, and anthracite.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 177 
Table 104. Average Real Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination,

1985, 1990-1994

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change of Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

North America Total .................... $24.22 $25.79 $25.99 $25.93 $26.91 $51.48 −6.1 −2.6 −8.0 1 Canada ......................................... 24.11 25.64 25.93 25.75 26.75 51.59 −5.9 −2.5 −8.1

Mexico ........................................... 32.84 32.71 31.59 33.30 33.06 41.55 .4 −.2 −2.6 2 Other ............................................ 28.05 28.42 30.10 30.36 30.15 30.43 −1.3 −1.8 −.9

South America Total .................... 29.81 32.43 35.05 33.28 32.80 46.18 −8.1 −2.3 −4.7

Argentina ....................................... 27.33 30.62 31.90 30.57 − 42.36 −10.7 − −4.8

Brazil .............................................. − 32.89 35.53 37.11 37.46 48.05 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0 2 Other ............................................ 32.25 31.95 30.57 30.89 31.62 45.52 .9 .5 −3.8

Europe Total .................................. 28.56 30.34 30.59 32.09 34.02 41.98 −5.9 −4.3 −4.2

Belgium & Luxembourg ............... 26.55 27.61 30.06 31.53 33.22 41.37 −3.8 −5.4 −4.8

Bulgaria ......................................... 32.83 33.61 − − 43.24 46.95 −2.3 −6.6 −3.9

Denmark ........................................ 23.18 27.81 27.04 28.18 30.34 40.18 −16.6 −6.5 −5.9

Finland ........................................... 28.13 33.07 − 34.71 − 43.22 −14.9 − −4.7

France ........................................... 30.22 25.77 27.83 28.85 32.72 37.77 17.3 −2.0 −2.4

Germany ........................................ 32.25 27.69 29.63 29.72 31.13 44.84 16.5 .9 −3.6

Ireland ........................................... 26.82 29.02 30.44 33.61 34.02 48.86 −7.6 −5.8 −6.4

Italy ................................................ 30.37 32.60 34.18 35.47 35.97 42.38 −6.8 −4.1 −3.6

Netherlands .................................. 28.51 32.56 32.46 33.66 34.54 45.51 −12.4 −4.7 −5.1

Norway .......................................... − − − 27.31 − 41.66 − −−100.0

Portugal ......................................... 28.75 30.46 33.40 34.46 35.27 49.67 −5.6 −5.0 −5.9

Romania ........................................ 29.54 29.38 − 36.26 − − .5 − −

Spain ............................................. 32.39 31.76 31.82 29.18 30.82 39.13 2.0 1.2 −2.1

Sweden ......................................... − − 28.56 35.41 30.89 46.18 − −100.0 −100.0

Turkey ............................................ − 33.07 33.68 39.44 34.69 37.27 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

United Kingdom ........................... 37.44 33.09 32.22 33.75 37.66 43.17 13.1 −.1 −1.6

Yugoslavia ..................................... − 23.51 − 34.84 − 42.40 −100.0 − −100.0 2 Other ............................................ 32.45 32.93 34.80 34.69 35.26 36.27 −1.4 −2.0 −1.2

Asia Total ....................................... 27.94 29.57 31.66 33.31 33.62 41.86 −5.5 −4.5 −4.4

China (Taiwan) ............................. 30.36 31.58 33.61 35.00 33.37 43.69 −3.9 −2.3 −4.0

Israel .............................................. 26.35 28.17 32.17 33.51 34.44 44.67 −6.4 −6.5 −5.7

Japan ............................................. 26.72 28.70 29.76 30.65 33.36 39.31 −6.9 −5.4 −4.2

Korea, Republic of ....................... 25.82 27.81 30.80 33.99 34.98 39.26 −7.1 −7.3 −4.5 2 Other ............................................ 29.53 30.21 30.66 32.84 34.34 42.37 −2.3 −3.7 −3.9

Oceania & Australia Total .......... 31.71 27.90 28.54 − 32.31 − 13.6 −.5 − 2 Other ............................................ 31.71 27.90 28.54 − 32.31 − 13.6 −.5 −

Africa Total .................................... 27.85 27.42 27.94 28.53 27.66 48.03 1.5 .2 −5.9

Egypt ............................................. 32.43 33.10 33.02 34.71 31.69 − −2.0 .6 −

Morocco ........................................ 27.78 27.42 27.94 28.51 27.66 48.05 1.3 .1 −5.9 2 Other ............................................ − − − 34.70 − 42.39 − −−100.0

 3 Total ............................................... 27.48 29.23 29.66 31.35 32.02 45.03 −6.0 −3.8 −5.3

 4 U.S. Total ....................................... 27.23 29.18 29.55 31.39 32.49 46.52 −6.6 −4.3 −5.8

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1993. 3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $28 to $50 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively. 4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

Notes: Real prices are in 1987 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. Steam coal includes bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, and anthracite.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

178 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Coal Quality and Emissions

As of January 1, 1992, recoverable U.S. coal reserves

were estimated to total 265 billion short tons (Table

105). Reserves of low sulfur coal (defined as coal

containing from 0 to 0.60 pounds of sulfur per million

Btu) are estimated to represent 38 percent of all

reserves, with medium sulfur coal (containing 0.61 to

1.67 pounds sulfur per million Btu) and high sulfur

coal (containing more than 1.67 pounds sulfur per

million Btu) accounting, respectively, for 32 percent

and 30 percent of total reserves.

Compared with 1993, the average sulfur content of

coal delivered to the Nation's electric utilities during

1994 remained virtually constant at 1.17 percent by

weight, while the average ash content of electric

utility coal declined slightly to 9.36 percent by weight

(Table 106). The average heat content of electric

utility coal rose slightly to 10,338 Btu per pound. In

comparison, the quality of coal received at manufacturing and coke plants in 1994 showed a 20-percent

increase in ash content and a 6-percent decrease in the

sulfur content (Table 107).

The estimated amount of sulfur dioxide emitted

during 1994 by coal-burning electricity generators

totaled 13 million short tons, 9 percent less than the

estimated 14 million short tons of sulfur dioxide

emitted during 1993. Compared with 1993, nitrogen

oxide emissions attributable to electricity generators

declined by 3 percent to 5 million short tons and

carbon dioxide emissions dropped 1 percent to 1,692

million short tons.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 179 
Table 105. Estimate of Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and

Mine Type

(Million Short Tons Remaining as of January 1, 1992)

Sulfur Content

(pounds of sulfur per million Btu) State and Type of Mining Total

< = 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.83 0.84 - 1.67 1.68 - 2.50 > 2.50

Alabama ............................................................... − 428 386 2,075 200 − 3,089

Surface ............................................................... − 259 273 1,685 139 − 2,356

Underground ...................................................... − 169 112 391 61 − 733

Alaska, Southern ................................................ 2,458 95 − − − − 2,552

Surface ............................................................... 390 42 − − − − 432

Underground ...................................................... 2,067 53 − − − − 2,120

Alaska, Northern ................................................ − − − − − − −

Surface ............................................................... − − − − − − −

Underground ...................................................... − − − − − − −

Arizona ................................................................. − 158 − − − − 158

Surface ............................................................... − 106 − − − − 106

Underground ...................................................... − 51 − − − − 51 1 Arkansas ............................................................. − 8 163 45 6 7 228

Surface ............................................................... − 2 73 24 1 1 101

Underground ...................................................... − 7 90 20 5 6 127 1 Colorado ............................................................. 3,711 2,338 3,688 329 97 − 10,163

Surface ............................................................... 291 127 3,326 41 14 − 3,799

Underground ...................................................... 3,420 2,212 363 288 83 − 6,365

Georgia ................................................................. 1 1 * * * * 2

Surface ............................................................... * * * * * * 1

Underground ...................................................... * * * * * * 1

Idaho ..................................................................... * 1 * * − − 2

Surface ............................................................... − − − − − − −

Underground ...................................................... * 1 * * − − 2

Illinois ................................................................... − − 888 2,784 5,483 20,936 30,091

Surface ............................................................... − − 37 195 1,693 2,746 4,672

Underground ...................................................... − − 851 2,589 3,789 18,190 25,419

Indiana .................................................................. − 318 188 685 1,141 2,065 4,396

Surface ............................................................... − 69 30 117 163 335 714

Underground ...................................................... − 249 158 568 978 1,730 3,682

Iowa ...................................................................... − − − − 408 720 1,128

Surface ............................................................... − − − − 320 − 320

Underground ...................................................... − − − − 87 720 807

Kansas .................................................................. − − − − 226 458 684

Surface ............................................................... − − − − 226 458 684

Underground ...................................................... − − − − − − −

Kentucky, Eastern ............................................. 222 2,052 1,509 877 218 113 4,991

Surface ............................................................... 37 330 299 227 45 23 961

Underground ...................................................... 185 1,722 1,210 650 173 89 4,030

Kentucky, Western ............................................ − − − 159 2,753 6,468 9,380

Surface ............................................................... − − − 127 941 1,297 2,365

Underground ...................................................... − − − 32 1,812 5,171 7,015

Louisiana .............................................................. − − − 359 − − 359

Surface ............................................................... − − − 359 − − 359

Underground ...................................................... − − − − − − −

Maryland .............................................................. − 32 59 121 210 − 422

Surface ............................................................... − 3 8 13 34 − 58

Underground ...................................................... − 29 51 108 177 − 364

Michigan ............................................................... − − 8 23 16 11 59

Surface ............................................................... − − 1 2 1 * 3

Underground ...................................................... − − 8 21 16 11 55

Missouri ................................................................ − − − − 170 3,685 3,855

Surface ............................................................... − − − − 150 3,015 3,166

Underground ...................................................... − − − − 20 670 689

Montana ............................................................... 33,650 16,846 16,798 4,820 2,023 1,372 75,508

Surface ............................................................... 18,086 7,013 9,521 2,449 1,610 906 39,585

Underground ...................................................... 15,563 9,833 7,277 2,371 412 466 35,923 1 New Mexico ....................................................... − 802 934 696 64 − 2,496

Surface ............................................................... − 236 716 470 − − 1,421

Underground ...................................................... − 565 219 226 64 − 1,074

North Carolina .................................................... − − * 2 2 1 5

Surface ............................................................... − − − − − − −

Underground ...................................................... − − * 2 2 1 5

North Dakota ...................................................... 441 760 1,393 3,481 868 374 7,316

Surface ............................................................... 441 760 1,393 3,481 868 374 7,316

Underground ...................................................... − − − − − − −

Ohio ....................................................................... 82 170 338 1,056 2,653 7,494 11,794

Surface ............................................................... 20 97 170 420 873 2,330 3,910

Underground ...................................................... 62 73 168 636 1,780 5,164 7,883

See footnotes at end of table.

180 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 105. Estimate of Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and

Mine Type (Continued)

(Million Short Tons Remaining as of January 1, 1992)

Sulfur Content

(pounds of sulfur per million Btu) State and Type of Mining Total

< = 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.83 0.84 - 1.67 1.68 - 2.50 > 2.50

Oklahoma ............................................................. − 222 123 179 114 183 821

Surface ............................................................... − 67 25 34 34 83 244

Underground ...................................................... − 154 98 145 80 100 577

Oregon .................................................................. 4 1 3 − 1 1 9

Surface ............................................................... 1 * 1 − * * 2

Underground ...................................................... 3 1 2 − 1 1 7

Pennsylvania, Anthracite ................................. 181 468 96 17 2 * 764

Surface ............................................................... 86 263 62 11 1 * 423

Underground ...................................................... 95 205 35 6 1 − 341

Pennsylvania, Bituminous ................................ − 287 820 5,076 4,212 1,542 11,936

Surface ............................................................... − 24 69 327 242 144 806

Underground ...................................................... − 263 751 4,750 3,969 1,398 11,131

South Dakota ...................................................... − − 104 1 172 − 277

Surface ............................................................... − − 104 1 172 − 277

Underground ...................................................... − − − − − − −

Tennessee ........................................................... − 108 63 228 101 − 500

Surface ............................................................... − 39 24 95 41 − 198

Underground ...................................................... − 69 39 134 60 − 302

Texas .................................................................... − − 600 5,768 3,462 382 10,212

Surface ............................................................... − − 600 5,768 3,462 382 10,212

Underground ...................................................... − − − − − − −

Utah ....................................................................... 387 694 566 883 229 307 3,066

Surface ............................................................... 8 32 19 85 35 34 212

Underground ...................................................... 379 661 548 798 194 274 2,854

 1 Virginia ................................................................ 214 691 437 145 − − 1,487

Surface ............................................................... 45 206 169 48 − − 468

Underground ...................................................... 169 485 269 97 − − 1,020

Washington ......................................................... 63 92 86 502 − − 743

Surface ............................................................... − − − 68 − − 68

Underground ...................................................... 63 92 86 434 − − 675

West Virginia ....................................................... 671 6,684 2,810 4,122 2,554 3,256 20,097

Surface ............................................................... 121 1,526 590 462 183 110 2,992

Underground ...................................................... 551 5,157 2,220 3,660 2,371 3,147 17,105

Wyoming .............................................................. 6,941 17,892 10,327 7,487 1,180 2,269 46,096

Surface ............................................................... 4,588 9,126 4,273 2,362 539 2,236 23,125

Underground ...................................................... 2,353 8,766 6,055 5,125 641 33 22,972

U.S. Total ............................................................. 49,025 51,146 42,385 41,920 28,562 51,644 264,682

Surface ............................................................... 24,115 20,328 21,778 18,871 11,788 14,476 111,356

Underground ...................................................... 24,909 30,818 20,608 23,049 16,774 37,169 153,326

1 Data include minor amounts of anthracite (all occurring in heat content categories greater than 23.00 million short tons) as follows: Arkansas 52.2,

Colorado 13.4, New Mexico 1.2, and Virginia 70.5, expressed in million short tons.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Coal Reserves: An Update by Heat and Sulfur Content (DOE/EIA-0529(92)).

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 181 
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1985, 1990-1994

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change and Quality 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

New England

Btu .............................................. 12,897 13,033 13,120 13,176 13,136 13,305 −1* *

Sulfur .......................................... .98 1.11 1.18 1.17 1.24 1.30 −11.5 −5.7 −3.1

Ash ............................................. 7.49 7.62 7.66 7.52 7.43 7.47 −1.7 .2 *

Connecticut

Btu .............................................. 13,094 13,144 13,167 13,238 13,233 13,158 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... .54 .55 .55 .55 .54 .54 −3.0 * −.1

Ash ............................................. 7.38 6.95 6.25 6.07 6.36 6.81 6.2 3.8 .9

Massachusetts

Btu .............................................. 12,814 12,951 13,070 13,141 13,062 13,280 −1* *

Sulfur .......................................... .91 1.03 1.17 1.22 1.23 1.17 −11.6 −7.2 −2.7

Ash ............................................. 7.85 8.10 8.26 8.14 7.89 7.52 −3.1 −.1 .5

New Hampshire

Btu .............................................. 13,032 13,179 13,260 13,247 13,303 13,452 −1 −1 *

Sulfur .......................................... 1.52 1.62 1.61 1.43 1.81 2.07 −6.5 −4.3 −3.4

Ash ............................................. 6.40 6.75 6.52 6.43 6.75 7.66 −5.2 −1.3 −2.0

Middle Atlantic

Btu .............................................. 12,509 12,556 12,555 12,455 12,409 12,362 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... 2.01 1.96 1.99 2.04 2.05 2.00 2.7 −.5 .1

Ash ............................................. 11.52 11.29 11.45 12.28 12.38 12.77 2.0 −1.8 −1.1

New Jersey

Btu .............................................. 13,341 13,397 13,465 13,402 13,429 13,238 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.27 1.16 1.37 −.1 2.7 −.7

Ash ............................................. 7.44 7.21 6.84 7.31 7.36 8.07 3.2 .3 −.9

New York

Btu .............................................. 12,959 12,914 12,978 12,923 12,846 12,600 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... 1.71 1.55 1.65 1.77 1.84 1.93 10.0 −1.8 −1.4

Ash ............................................. 7.98 8.15 8.02 8.88 9.13 10.82 −2.1 −3.3 −3.3

Pennsylvania

Btu .............................................. 12,368 12,443 12,399 12,302 12,241 12,245 −1* *

Sulfur .......................................... 2.11 2.07 2.12 2.14 2.16 2.06 2.0 −.5 .3

Ash ............................................. 12.49 12.11 12.56 13.30 13.46 13.52 3.1 −1.9 −.9

East North Central

Btu .............................................. 10,837 10,885 11,005 10,971 10,988 11,036 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... 1.55 1.61 1.77 1.82 1.82 1.93 −3.7 −3.9 −2.4

Ash ............................................. 8.34 8.41 8.72 8.75 8.93 9.28 −.8 −1.7 −1.2

Illinois

Btu .............................................. 10,181 10,362 10,666 10,721 10,789 10,485 −2 −1 *

Sulfur .......................................... 1.46 1.63 1.91 2.00 2.07 1.85 −10.8 −8.4 −2.6

Ash ............................................. 7.44 7.51 8.19 8.54 8.81 8.39 −1.0 −4.1 −1.3

Indiana

Btu .............................................. 10,535 10,539 10,628 10,570 10,562 10,657 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... 1.76 1.78 1.88 1.98 2.06 2.32 −.9 −3.8 −3.0

Ash ............................................. 8.09 8.23 8.43 8.45 8.58 9.49 −1.7 −1.5 −1.8

Michigan

Btu .............................................. 10,925 10,853 10,995 11,052 11,131 11,696 1 * −1

Sulfur .......................................... .68 .68 .69 .70 .70 .82 .9 −.7 −2.0

Ash ............................................. 6.97 6.61 6.76 6.58 6.79 7.45 5.4 .6 −.7

Ohio

Btu .............................................. 12,052 12,049 11,983 11,945 11,882 11,813 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... 2.34 2.39 2.57 2.63 2.44 2.54 −2.3 −1.1 −.9

Ash ............................................. 10.91 11.01 11.24 11.39 11.47 11.49 −.9 −1.2 −.6

Wisconsin

Btu .............................................. 9,565 9,490 9,725 9,643 9,642 9,774 1 * *

Sulfur .......................................... .51 .49 .71 .81 .81 1.14 3.5 −11.0 −8.6

Ash ............................................. 6.27 6.11 6.18 6.20 6.33 7.04 2.6 −.2 −1.3

West North Central

Btu .............................................. 8,480 8,366 8,602 8,665 8,701 8,749 1 −1 *

Sulfur .......................................... .68 .63 .91 .92 .96 1.21 7.4 −8.4 −6.3

Ash ............................................. 6.82 6.74 7.18 7.23 7.41 8.40 1.2 −2.0 −2.3

Iowa

Btu .............................................. 8,783 8,660 8,867 8,890 8,892 9,098 1 * *

Sulfur .......................................... .57 .52 .67 .67 .70 .91 9.2 −5.3 −5.1

Ash ............................................. 5.59 5.47 5.78 5.99 5.98 6.49 2.2 −1.7 −1.6

See footnotes at end of table.

182 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1985, 1990-1994 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change and Quality 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Kansas

Btu .............................................. 8,708 8,654 8,900 8,998 8,948 8,768 1 −1 *

Sulfur .......................................... .49 .43 .49 .59 .58 .94 13.3 −4.4 −7.1

Ash ............................................. 5.63 5.19 5.74 5.63 5.81 7.45 8.5 −.8 −3.1

Minnesota

Btu .............................................. 8,821 8,844 8,838 8,802 8,788 8,725 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... .46 .44 .45 .48 .51 .86 6.5 −2.3 −6.6

Ash ............................................. 6.64 6.40 6.57 7.08 7.58 9.14 3.7 −3.3 −3.5

Missouri

Btu .............................................. 9,718 9,860 10,321 10,298 10,400 10,645 −1 −2 −1

Sulfur .......................................... 1.03 1.02 1.80 1.84 2.01 2.40 1.3 −15.4 −8.9

Ash ............................................. 6.65 6.54 7.71 8.00 8.33 10.00 1.6 −5.5 −4.4

Nebraska

Btu .............................................. 8,571 8,561 8,553 8,542 8,561 8,649 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... .35 .35 .37 .35 .35 .39 −2.5 −.6 −1.4

Ash ............................................. 5.17 5.11 5.00 4.97 5.05 5.35 1.1 .6 −.4

North Dakota

Btu .............................................. 6,593 6,570 6,558 6,606 6,636 6,575 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... .75 .74 .87 .83 .81 .74 2.1 −1.9 .2

Ash ............................................. 9.39 9.47 9.29 9.17 9.26 9.18 −.9 .3 .2

South Dakota

Btu .............................................. 6,049 6,057 6,034 6,025 6,096 6,105 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... .91 .90 .92 .87 .90 .85 1.2 .5 .7

Ash ............................................. 8.81 8.82 9.34 9.04 8.44 7.83 −.1 1.1 1.3

South Atlantic

Btu .............................................. 12,362 12,465 12,461 12,425 12,395 12,390 −1* *

Sulfur .......................................... 1.33 1.39 1.52 1.51 1.52 1.53 −4.4 −3.2 −1.5

Ash ............................................. 9.72 9.81 9.95 9.94 9.99 10.28 −.9 −.7 −.6

Delaware

Btu .............................................. 12,954 13,027 13,064 13,053 13,035 12,962 −1* *

Sulfur .......................................... .92 .94 1.03 .96 .97 1.04 −1.9 −1.2 −1.3

Ash ............................................. 9.09 9.08 8.83 8.66 8.71 9.00 .2 1.1 .1

Florida

Btu .............................................. 12,293 12,332 12,370 12,351 12,364 12,225 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... 1.60 1.57 1.68 1.73 1.73 1.84 2.5 −1.9 −1.5

Ash ............................................. 8.19 8.04 8.33 8.42 8.44 9.25 1.8 −.7 −1.3

Georgia

Btu .............................................. 11,774 12,148 12,039 11,936 11,893 12,120 −3* *

Sulfur .......................................... 1.05 1.37 1.68 1.63 1.63 1.79 −23.3 −10.3 −5.7

Ash ............................................. 8.99 9.94 10.29 10.00 9.81 9.93 −9.5 −2.1 −1.1

Maryland

Btu .............................................. 12,824 12,752 12,753 12,796 12,734 12,663 1 * *

Sulfur .......................................... 1.16 1.31 1.36 1.34 1.44 1.42 −11.4 −5.4 −2.3

Ash ............................................. 9.91 10.02 10.47 10.46 10.48 10.94 −1.1 −1.4 −1.1

North Carolina

Btu .............................................. 12,416 12,465 12,456 12,506 12,544 12,487 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... .95 .96 .92 .94 .96 .88 −1.2 −.1 .8

Ash ............................................. 10.27 10.12 10.17 9.96 9.89 10.10 1.5 .9 .2

South Carolina

Btu .............................................. 12,771 12,802 12,817 12,724 12,655 12,566 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... 1.21 1.17 1.14 1.19 1.19 1.25 3.9 .4 −.4

Ash ............................................. 8.87 8.92 8.77 9.09 9.21 9.68 −.6 −.9 −1.0

Virginia

Btu .............................................. 12,778 12,817 12,830 12,768 12,714 12,814 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... .99 1.00 1.03 1.00 .96 .93 −.5 .7 .7

Ash ............................................. 9.91 9.60 9.48 9.79 9.84 9.14 3.2 .2 .9

West Virginia

Btu .............................................. 12,468 12,489 12,524 12,505 12,452 12,414 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... 1.87 1.94 2.05 1.92 1.89 1.84 −3.6 −.3 .2

Ash ............................................. 11.50 11.61 11.32 11.41 11.55 11.80 −.9 −.1 −.3

East South Central

Btu .............................................. 11,909 11,988 11,933 11,924 11,855 11,753 −1* *

Sulfur .......................................... 1.88 1.91 1.99 2.01 2.10 2.02 −1.8 −2.8 −.8

Ash ............................................. 10.66 10.92 10.70 10.83 11.12 11.39 −2.3 −1.0 −.7

Alabama

Btu .............................................. 12,088 12,092 12,061 12,107 12,094 12,056 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... 1.30 1.33 1.43 1.40 1.51 1.50 −1.7 −3.5 −1.5

Ash ............................................. 11.54 11.79 11.80 11.77 11.74 11.84 −2.1 −.4 −.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 183 
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1985, 1990-1994 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change and Quality 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Kentucky

Btu .............................................. 11,683 11,697 11,620 11,552 11,558 11,385 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... 2.34 2.39 2.44 2.53 2.59 2.66 −2.2 −2.6 −1.4

Ash ............................................. 11.35 11.64 11.60 11.80 12.12 12.12 −2.5 −1.6 −.7

Mississippi

Btu .............................................. 11,312 12,338 12,507 12,555 12,543 12,126 −8 −3 −1

Sulfur .......................................... 1.02 1.41 1.69 1.56 1.64 1.34 −27.2 −11.1 −2.9

Ash ............................................. 7.88 8.52 8.31 8.09 7.84 9.17 −7.5 .1 −1.7

Tennessee

Btu .............................................. 12,186 12,268 12,182 12,169 11,966 11,829 −1* *

Sulfur .......................................... 2.00 1.92 2.02 2.04 2.00 1.91 4.2 * .5

Ash ............................................. 8.94 9.14 8.31 8.59 9.46 10.41 −2.2 −1.4 −1.7

West South Central

Btu .............................................. 7,709 7,646 7,648 7,662 7,701 7,771 1 * *

Sulfur .......................................... .62 .64 .65 .65 .65 .52 −3.1 −.9 2.0

Ash ............................................. 9.50 10.06 10.25 10.42 10.04 9.29 −5.6 −1.4 .2

Arkansas

Btu .............................................. 8,707 8,665 8,724 8,734 8,740 8,604 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... .32 .32 .32 .32 .34 .33 −2.1 −1.6 −.3

Ash ............................................. 4.92 5.06 5.12 5.14 5.26 5.64 −2.8 −1.6 −1.5

Louisiana

Btu .............................................. 8,136 8,092 8,122 8,223 8,194 8,453 1 * *

Sulfur .......................................... .51 .52 .50 .49 .49 .48 −1.8 1.1 .7

Ash ............................................. 7.16 7.13 7.20 7.24 7.47 6.57 .4 −1.0 1.0

Oklahoma

Btu .............................................. 8,573 8,621 8,700 8,792 8,894 8,584 −1 −1 *

Sulfur .......................................... .35 .37 .42 .44 .47 .36 −5.7 −6.7 −.1

Ash ............................................. 5.07 5.21 5.24 5.27 5.50 5.27 −2.7 −2.0 −.4

Texas

Btu .............................................. 7,346 7,284 7,234 7,225 7,291 7,404 1 * *

Sulfur .......................................... .73 .75 .76 .75 .74 .59 −2.0 −.2 2.4

Ash ............................................. 11.31 11.95 12.33 12.56 11.80 10.96 −5.4 −1.0 .3

Mountain

Btu .............................................. 9,755 9,751 9,722 9,777 9,792 9,742 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... .55 .54 .55 .53 .55 .54 2.0 * .1

Ash ............................................. 11.11 11.19 11.15 10.90 11.00 11.08 −.8 .2 *

Arizona

Btu .............................................. 10,281 10,271 10,303 10,356 10,482 10,493 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... .51 .49 .51 .51 .49 .53 3.9 1.3 −.3

Ash ............................................. 11.97 12.08 12.19 12.49 11.95 11.58 −.9 * .4

Colorado

Btu .............................................. 9,946 9,888 9,920 9,888 9,808 9,749 1 * *

Sulfur .......................................... .40 .38 .38 .37 .38 .39 4.7 1.5 .4

Ash ............................................. 7.12 6.97 7.01 6.76 6.95 6.87 2.1 .6 .4

Montana

Btu .............................................. 8,500 8,496 8,576 8,522 8,564 8,654 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... .66 .65 .66 .65 .63 .69 .8 .9 −.5

Ash ............................................. 9.05 8.99 8.92 8.81 8.84 9.50 .7 .6 −.5

Nevada

Btu .............................................. 11,291 11,012 11,051 11,121 11,122 11,384 3 * *

Sulfur .......................................... .49 .49 .49 .50 .53 .51 1.6 −1.7 −.4

Ash ............................................. 9.57 9.73 9.67 9.80 9.82 9.29 −1.6 −.6 .3

New Mexico

Btu .............................................. 9,043 8,992 9,013 9,092 9,117 9,188 1 * *

Sulfur .......................................... .82 .81 .81 .80 .79 .75 .8 .7 1.0

Ash ............................................. 22.44 22.77 22.49 22.26 21.84 20.83 −1.4 .7 .8

Utah

Btu .............................................. 11,491 11,489 11,384 11,469 11,483 11,804 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... .47 .48 .47 .46 .49 .50 −1.2 −1.2 −.7

Ash ............................................. 10.25 10.47 11.24 10.52 10.13 9.87 −2.1 .3 .4

Wyoming

Btu .............................................. 8,766 8,779 8,840 8,756 8,811 8,755 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... .52 .51 .52 .51 .54 .51 1.5 −.8 .3

Ash ............................................. 8.00 7.78 7.54 7.64 7.69 8.20 2.8 1.0 −.3

See footnotes at end of table.

184 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1985, 1990-1994 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change and Quality 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Pacific

Btu .............................................. 8,543 8,283 8,550 8,122 8,169 8,102 3 1 1

Sulfur .......................................... .57 .63 .59 .57 .64 .94 −9.4 −2.6 −5.3

Ash ............................................. 11.14 12.58 11.39 12.22 13.00 14.34 −11.4 −3.8 −2.8

Oregon

Btu .............................................. 8,937 8,801 9,642 8,429 8,348 8,292 2 2 1

Sulfur .......................................... .37 .38 .40 .32 .31 .31 −1.0 4.5 2.1

Ash ............................................. 5.89 4.98 4.42 4.60 4.57 4.33 18.1 6.5 3.5

Washington

Btu .............................................. 8,400 8,125 8,189 8,014 8,135 8,100 3 1 *

Sulfur .......................................... .65 .71 .66 .66 .70 .94 −9.2 −2.0 −4.1

Ash ............................................. 13.04 14.90 13.69 14.88 14.62 14.46 −12.5 −2.8 −1.1

U.S. Total

Btu .............................................. 10,338 10,315 10,395 10,378 10,465 10,480 * * *

Sulfur .......................................... 1.17 1.18 1.29 1.30 1.35 1.38 −1.2 −3.5 −1.9

Ash ............................................. 9.36 9.55 9.71 9.76 9.85 10.05 −2.0 −1.3 −.8

1 Quality units are: Btu (per pound); sulfur (percent by weight); and ash (percent by weight).

* Data round to zero.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 185 
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke

Plants by Census Division and State, 1993-1994

Percent Census Division and State 1994 1993 Change 1 and Quality 1993-1994

New England

Btu ............................................................... 13,383 13,232 1.1

Sulfur ........................................................... .72 1.20 −39.9

Ash .............................................................. 5.86 6.87 −14.7

Maine

Btu ............................................................... 13,162 13,062 .8

Sulfur ........................................................... .71 1.29 −44.6

Ash .............................................................. 5.30 7.18 −26.2

Massachusetts

Btu ............................................................... 13,939 13,992 −.4

Sulfur ........................................................... .73 .78 −6.3

Ash .............................................................. 7.26 5.48 32.5

Middle Atlantic

Btu ............................................................... 12,549 12,367 1.5

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.14 1.06 8.1

Ash .............................................................. 6.95 7.37 −5.7

New Jersey

Btu ............................................................... 12,515 11,685 7.1

Sulfur ........................................................... .93 .83 12.1

Ash .............................................................. 12.40 10.71 15.8 2 New York

Btu ............................................................... 13,203 13,044 1.2

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.34 1.69 −21.1

Ash .............................................................. 6.69 7.73 −13.5 2 Pennsylvania

Btu ............................................................... 12,326 12,117 1.7

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.10 .99 11.2

Ash .............................................................. 7.00 7.30 −4.2

East North Central

Btu ............................................................... 11,947 11,192 6.7

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.52 2.40 −36.5

Ash .............................................................. 7.61 6.98 9.1 2 Illinois

Btu ............................................................... 11,387 11,312 .7

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.94 4.83 −59.9

Ash .............................................................. 7.66 7.03 8.9 2 Indiana

Btu ............................................................... 11,641 9,091 28.0

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.45 1.28 13.0

Ash .............................................................. 7.50 6.77 10.7 2 Michigan

Btu ............................................................... 12,470 12,547 −.6

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.02 1.05 −2.8

Ash .............................................................. 7.82 6.98 12.0 2 Ohio

Btu ............................................................... 12,429 12,201 1.9

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.60 1.40 14.6

Ash .............................................................. 7.66 7.10 7.9

Wisconsin

Btu ............................................................... 11,873 11,745 1.1

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.52 1.83 −17.2

Ash .............................................................. 7.30 7.25 .7

West North Central

Btu ............................................................... 8,710 8,589 1.4

Sulfur ........................................................... .88 .90 −2.1

Ash .............................................................. 6.56 6.46 1.6

Iowa

Btu ............................................................... 10,480 10,344 1.3

Sulfur ........................................................... .98 1.13 −13.9

Ash .............................................................. 6.38 6.41 −.4

Kansas

Btu ............................................................... 12,249 12,479 −1.8

Sulfur ........................................................... 3.11 3.14 −.8

Ash .............................................................. 11.04 11.78 −6.3

See footnotes at end of table.

186 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke

Plants by Census Division and State, 1993-1994 (Continued)

Percent Census Division and State 1994 1993 Change 1 and Quality 1993-1994

Minnesota

Btu ............................................................... 10,112 10,003 1.1

Sulfur ........................................................... .54 .51 5.6

Ash .............................................................. 5.15 4.56 12.9 2 Missouri

Btu ............................................................... 11,510 11,527 −.1

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.92 2.01 −4.5

Ash .............................................................. 10.10 10.11 −.1

Nebraska

Btu ............................................................... 9,931 9,979 −.5

Sulfur ........................................................... .40 .37 7.4

Ash .............................................................. 5.95 5.20 14.5

North Dakota

Btu ............................................................... 7,142 7,172 −.4

Sulfur ........................................................... .71 .70 1.8

Ash .............................................................. 6.14 6.16 −.2

South Dakota

Btu ............................................................... 9,418 8,159 15.4

Sulfur ........................................................... .77 .39 98.9

Ash .............................................................. 7.15 5.42 31.8

South Atlantic

Btu ............................................................... 13,040 12,669 2.9

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.14 1.11 2.8

Ash .............................................................. 7.98 7.63 4.5

Delaware

Btu ............................................................... 13,300 13,087 1.6

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.89 2.00 −5.5

Ash .............................................................. 7.73 9.26 −16.6

Florida

Btu ............................................................... 12,933 12,742 1.5

Sulfur ........................................................... .93 .97 −3.4

Ash .............................................................. 8.93 9.46 −5.6

Georgia

Btu ............................................................... 13,267 12,870 3.1

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.29 1.30 −1.3

Ash .............................................................. 8.90 7.73 15.3 2 Maryland

Btu ............................................................... 12,330 12,422 −.7

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.89 1.93 −2.1

Ash .............................................................. 10.90 13.32 −18.2

North Carolina

Btu ............................................................... 13,188 13,321 −1.0

Sulfur ........................................................... .91 .92 −.3

Ash .............................................................. 7.20 6.89 4.5

South Carolina

Btu ............................................................... 12,994 12,955 .3

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.12 1.22 −8.3

Ash .............................................................. 7.95 8.67 −8.4 2 Virginia

Btu ............................................................... 13,198 12,069 9.4

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.04 .98 6.3

Ash .............................................................. 7.50 7.29 3.0 2 West Virginia

Btu ............................................................... 12,780 12,131 5.3

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.24 1.06 17.7

Ash .............................................................. 7.54 6.32 19.3

East South Central

Btu ............................................................... 12,869 11,824 8.8

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.09 .74 47.2

Ash .............................................................. 7.51 4.54 65.6 2 Alabama

Btu ............................................................... 12,694 10,871 16.8

Sulfur ........................................................... .98 .71 38.0

Ash .............................................................. 7.27 4.25 70.9 2 Kentucky

Btu ............................................................... 13,150 10,237 28.4

Sulfur ........................................................... .99 .90 11.1

Ash .............................................................. 6.59 6.04 9.2

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 187 
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke

Plants by Census Division and State, 1993-1994 (Continued)

Percent Census Division and State 1994 1993 Change 1 and Quality 1993-1994

Mississippi

Btu ............................................................... 11,786 12,013 −1.9

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.44 2.52 −42.9

Ash .............................................................. 9.98 10.33 −3.4 2 Tennessee

Btu ............................................................... 12,958 13,059 −.8

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.32 1.08 21.9

Ash .............................................................. 8.47 8.38 1.1

West South Central

Btu ............................................................... 8,925 8,794 1.5

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.00 1.05 −4.5

Ash .............................................................. 11.18 11.55 −3.2

Arkansas

Btu ............................................................... 12,646 12,850 −1.6

Sulfur ........................................................... 2.10 1.97 6.5

Ash .............................................................. 10.11 9.78 3.3

Louisiana

Btu ............................................................... 9,051 9,255 −2.2

Sulfur ........................................................... .35 .39 −11.6

Ash .............................................................. 5.09 5.83 −12.8

Oklahoma

Btu ............................................................... 10,118 11,263 −10.2

Sulfur ........................................................... .73 .89 −17.4

Ash .............................................................. 6.18 6.86 −10.0 2 Texas

Btu ............................................................... 8,447 8,153 3.6

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.04 1.09 −5.0

Ash .............................................................. 12.72 12.98 −2.0

Mountain

Btu ............................................................... 10,601 9,681 9.5

Sulfur ........................................................... .68 .56 23.3

Ash .............................................................. 7.05 6.75 4.4

Arizona

Btu ............................................................... 11,072 9,188 20.5

Sulfur ........................................................... .48 .46 5.0

Ash .............................................................. 11.09 11.17 −.7

Colorado

Btu ............................................................... 10,785 10,557 2.2

Sulfur ........................................................... .58 .54 7.2

Ash .............................................................. 7.00 6.52 7.4

Idaho

Btu ............................................................... 9,988 6,138 62.7

Sulfur ........................................................... .79 .71 10.7

Ash .............................................................. 5.72 6.03 −5.0

Montana

Btu ............................................................... 8,496 8,065 5.3

Sulfur ........................................................... .57 .46 23.8

Ash .............................................................. 7.65 9.31 −17.8

Nevada

Btu ............................................................... 11,907 6,994 70.3

Sulfur ........................................................... .26 .28 −6.4

Ash .............................................................. 4.01 4.63 −13.5

New Mexico

Btu ............................................................... 12,688 12,776 −.7

Sulfur ........................................................... .94 .74 27.0

Ash .............................................................. 9.87 9.95 −.8 2 Utah

Btu ............................................................... 11,679 11,530 1.3

Sulfur ........................................................... .82 .44 86.5

Ash .............................................................. 7.68 7.12 7.8

Wyoming

Btu ............................................................... 10,098 10,071 .3

Sulfur ........................................................... .70 .72 −3.4

Ash .............................................................. 5.27 5.12 3.0

See footnotes at end of table.

188 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke

Plants by Census Division and State, 1993-1994 (Continued)

Percent Census Division and State 1994 1993 Change 1 and Quality 1993-1994

Pacific

Btu ............................................................... 11,745 12,221 −3.9

Sulfur ........................................................... .52 .49 5.4

Ash .............................................................. 8.89 8.58 3.7

California

Btu ............................................................... 11,950 12,441 −3.9

Sulfur ........................................................... .52 .49 5.9

Ash .............................................................. 8.93 8.35 7.0

Hawaii

Btu ............................................................... 8,395 8,594 −2.3

Sulfur ........................................................... .50 .51 −2.5

Ash .............................................................. 18.02 17.14 5.1

Oregon

Btu ............................................................... 10,704 10,216 4.8

Sulfur ........................................................... .53 .51 3.0

Ash .............................................................. 6.48 5.94 9.2

Washington

Btu ............................................................... 11,818 12,151 −2.7

Sulfur ........................................................... .58 .56 4.6

Ash .............................................................. 5.63 9.47 −40.5

U.S. Total

Btu ............................................................... 11,316 10,885 4.0

Sulfur ........................................................... 1.16 1.23 −5.5

Ash .............................................................. 7.63 6.34 20.3

1 Quality units are: Btu (per pound); sulfur (percent by weight); and ash (percent by weight). 2 Includes sulfur and ash data for coke plants.

Notes: Btu data are for manufacturing plants only. The national average of coke plant data ranges from .51 to 1.70 for sulfur and 2.6 to 10.1 for ash.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; and Form EIA-5A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 189 
Table 108. Estimated Emissions from Coal-Fired Electric Generation, by Census

Division and State, 1990-1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994

New England

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 111 119 140 146 152 −7.4 −7.6

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 44 47 51 53 52 −6.0 −4.0

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 15,723 15,286 16,526 17,387 16,973 2.9 −1.9

Connecticut

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 8 8 9 9 10 4.8 −4.9

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 5 4 5 5 6 10.3 −3.8

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 2,177 1,986 2,205 2,267 2,583 9.6 −4.2

Massachusetts

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 64 72 88 103 100 −10.1 −10.3

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 23 26 31 33 31 −10.7 −7.3

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 10,102 9,734 10,926 11,713 11,165 3.8 −2.5

New Hampshire

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 38 40 43 33 42 −4.9 −2.7

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 16 17 16 16 15 −3.0 1.8

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 3,444 3,565 3,395 3,407 3,225 −3.4 1.7

Middle Atlantic

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 1,338 1,383 1,469 1,481 1,524 −3.3 −3.2

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 296 347 362 366 383 −14.8 −6.3

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 123,106 130,307 134,485 134,531 137,414 −5.5 −2.7

New Jersey

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 48 56 55 57 69 −13.9 −8.5

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 23 27 27 26 33 −16.9 −8.9

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 5,321 6,222 6,250 6,176 7,992 −14.5 −9.7

New York

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 200 211 253 249 263 −5.6 −6.7

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 51 53 61 63 63 −4.5 −5.1

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 21,929 22,726 26,096 26,098 25,881 −3.5 −4.1

Pennsylvania

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 1,090 1,116 1,161 1,175 1,192 −2.3 −2.2

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 222 267 274 277 288 −16.7 −6.2

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 95,856 101,358 102,139 102,257 103,541 −5.4 −1.9

East North Central

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 4,346 4,661 4,759 5,040 5,182 −6.8 −4.3

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 1,444 1,453 1,382 1,431 1,419 −.6 .4

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 399,197 392,429 373,551 381,713 376,964 1.7 1.4

Illinois

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 774 790 817 827 893 −2.1 −3.5

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 273 271 220 245 248 .6 2.4

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 63,218 62,197 52,323 57,079 57,527 1.6 2.4

Indiana

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 1,172 1,204 1,168 1,370 1,454 −2.7 −5.3

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 409 408 404 412 412 .3 −.2

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 111,837 108,574 105,018 106,357 105,643 3.0 1.4

Michigan

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 393 354 343 375 365 10.9 1.9

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 241 233 224 238 235 3.4 .6

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 70,552 65,084 63,294 67,036 66,866 8.4 1.3

Ohio

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 1,818 2,131 2,170 2,183 2,193 −14.7 −4.6

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 402 424 424 417 408 −5.3 −.4

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 120,931 126,012 122,699 120,337 117,142 −4.0 .8

Wisconsin

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 189 181 259 286 278 4.3 −9.2

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 119 116 110 119 115 2.4 .9

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 32,659 30,562 30,217 30,904 29,786 6.9 2.3

West North Central

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 1,070 1,016 1,195 1,294 1,336 5.3 −5.4

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 665 649 620 655 647 2.6 .7

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 192,095 188,637 180,692 185,036 188,285 1.8 .5

Iowa

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 172 175 174 182 179 −2.1 −1.0

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 114 115 109 115 110 −1.6 .7

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 26,009 26,237 24,612 25,604 28,667 −.9 −2.4

See footnotes at end of table.

190 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 108. Estimated Emissions from Coal-Fired Electric Generation, by Census

Division and State, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994

Kansas

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 71 70 66 76 87 1.8 −4.8

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 107 107 79 86 91 −.1 4.2

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 30,555 31,609 26,207 27,713 28,428 −3.3 1.8

Minnesota

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 87 87 77 80 84 −.6 .7

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 112 115 103 116 110 −1.9 .6

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 32,596 32,770 29,665 30,313 31,262 −.5 1.0

Missouri

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 505 463 664 726 779 9.1 −10.3

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 201 178 203 207 208 12.4 −.9

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 50,590 45,067 50,189 51,159 51,551 12.3 −.5

Nebraska

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 54 58 52 53 51 −6.6 1.9

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 64 66 56 61 63 −3.0 .4

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 16,045 16,806 14,315 15,473 14,580 −4.5 2.4

North Dakota

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 148 131 130 145 126 12.5 4.1

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 56 57 59 58 55 −.6 .4

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 33,204 33,298 32,865 31,733 30,999 −.3 1.7

South Dakota

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 33 31 32 33 31 8.5 1.7

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 12 11 11 12 10 8.8 2.8

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 3,096 2,850 2,841 3,042 2,798 8.6 2.6

South Atlantic

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 2,638 3,050 3,139 3,104 3,197 −13.5 −4.7

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 913 941 907 905 934 −2.9 −.5

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 323,844 334,732 307,981 312,545 323,246 −3.3 *

Delaware

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 35 39 31 39 41 −9.9 −3.4

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 14 16 12 15 16 −13.5 −3.6

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 5,334 5,790 4,327 6,561 6,583 −7.9 −5.1

Florida

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 444 460 533 514 472 −3.5 −1.5

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 192 197 199 199 184 −2.4 1.1

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 50,557 62,486 51,313 62,015 60,208 −19.1 −4.3

Georgia

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 553 687 766 774 853 −19.6 −10.3

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 144 147 142 157 179 −1.7 −5.3

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 61,820 59,140 55,732 56,701 64,291 4.5 −1.0

Maryland

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 218 236 228 224 250 −7.9 −3.4

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 68 70 66 61 66 −2.7 .8

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 25,633 25,016 23,724 22,693 23,570 2.5 2.1

North Carolina

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 362 421 368 322 328 −14.0 2.5

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 145 166 152 134 130 −12.5 2.8

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 52,548 58,988 53,833 46,689 46,554 −10.9 3.1

South Carolina

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 187 178 150 159 163 5.5 3.5

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 71 69 61 61 60 2.8 4.2

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 27,541 27,039 23,627 23,898 23,448 1.9 4.1

Virginia

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 159 178 165 162 149 −10.6 1.6

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 55 59 55 55 53 −6.6 .9

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 22,614 24,883 22,788 22,500 21,505 −9.1 1.3

West Virginia

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 679 850 897 909 942 −20.1 −7.8

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 224 217 221 223 245 3.3 −2.3

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 77,797 71,390 72,637 71,489 77,088 9.0 .2

East South Central

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 1,779 2,297 2,148 2,075 2,116 −22.5 −4.2

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 611 677 599 589 582 −9.8 1.2

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 207,467 219,866 194,727 189,588 186,444 −5.6 2.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 191 
Table 108. Estimated Emissions from Coal-Fired Electric Generation, by Census

Division and State, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994

Alabama

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 512 548 523 519 508 −6.6 0.2

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 164 188 169 165 151 −12.4 2.1

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 63,980 67,926 61,786 59,268 54,545 −5.8 4.1

Kentucky

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 685 826 749 723 726 −17.1 −1.4

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 270 287 258 256 252 −5.8 1.8

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 81,374 83,029 74,549 73,398 71,445 −2.0 3.3

Mississippi

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 76 88 94 97 105 −14.2 −7.8

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 24 26 23 26 28 −6.4 −3.6

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 9,267 9,476 8,201 9,199 9,946 −2.2 −1.8

Tennessee

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 507 834 783 736 776 −39.3 −10.1

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 152 176 150 142 151 −13.8 .2

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 52,846 59,435 50,191 47,723 50,508 −11.1 1.1

West South Central

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 750 783 755 730 730 −4.1 .7

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 597 622 606 612 584 −3.9 .6

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 210,908 215,416 208,874 207,321 202,798 −2.1 1.0

Arkansas

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 68 62 66 66 69 8.7 −.5

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 60 56 64 64 63 7.7 −1.0

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 22,274 20,128 22,161 21,949 21,591 10.7 .8

Louisiana

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 121 116 110 103 98 3.7 5.3

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 72 79 77 73 70 −8.3 .7

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 24,417 23,653 22,852 21,126 19,961 3.2 5.2

Oklahoma

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 92 104 107 103 102 −11.9 −2.4

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 93 96 91 90 86 −3.6 1.9

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 30,781 32,336 30,937 29,257 27,867 −4.8 2.5

Texas

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 470 500 472 458 461 −5.9 .5

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 372 390 374 386 365 −4.8 .5

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 133,436 139,299 132,925 134,988 133,378 −4.2 *

Mountain

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 476 452 455 428 439 5.2 2.0

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 529 508 520 504 523 3.9 .3

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 204,787 201,553 194,127 181,465 171,070 1.6 4.6

Arizona

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 137 130 125 119 115 5.0 4.4

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 106 102 96 91 92 3.6 3.7

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 26,463 31,194 26,537 23,690 24,659 −15.2 1.8

Colorado

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 88 83 85 82 86 6.6 .5

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 101 99 98 100 103 2.2 −.5

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 34,205 32,520 32,055 31,518 23,020 5.2 10.4

Montana

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 21 20 22 20 18 3.0 4.0

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 51 42 52 55 50 20.7 .4

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 19,026 15,908 19,692 18,737 17,232 19.6 2.5

Nevada

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 53 52 57 54 53 1.1 −.3

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 46 45 47 46 43 1.6 1.7

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 19,012 18,763 19,501 19,512 17,865 1.3 1.6

New Mexico

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 63 58 58 50 60 9.3 1.4

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 97 94 94 82 103 2.9 −1.7

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 29,011 28,411 18,047 15,770 17,607 2.1 13.3

Utah

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 29 31 30 28 31 −6.5 −1.7

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 43 43 50 50 51 −.2 −4.4

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 33,235 32,888 32,441 30,276 32,466 1.0 .6

See footnotes at end of table.

192 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table 108. Estimated Emissions from Coal-Fired Electric Generation, by Census

Division and State, 1990-1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994

Wyoming

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 85 78 78 75 76 9.3 3.0

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 86 84 84 80 81 2.5 1.5

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 43,835 41,869 45,853 41,962 38,221 4.7 3.5

Pacific

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 83 83 85 71 65 −1.0 6.3

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 49 45 48 42 33 8.2 10.0

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 14,799 13,447 14,562 11,959 9,565 10.0 11.5

Alaska

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 1 1 1 1 1 −2.4 −3.1

Oregon

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 14 13 14 11 5 12.3 30.8

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 14 13 13 12 6 12.3 26.8

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 4,120 3,685 4,007 3,246 1,495 11.8 28.8

Washington

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 67 70 70 59 59 −3.4 3.5

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 35 33 35 30 28 6.6 5.5

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 10,678 9,762 10,555 8,713 8,070 9.4 7.3

U.S. Total

Sulfur Dioxide .................................. 12,590 13,844 14,144 14,370 14,740 −9.1 −3.9

Nitrogen Oxides .............................. 5,148 5,288 5,096 5,158 5,156 −2.6 *

Carbon Dioxide ................................ 1,691,926 1,711,673 1,625,526 1,621,545 1,612,759 −1.1 1.2

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Estimates are derived from the Form EIA-767, ‘‘Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Report.’’ (See Explanatory Notes for methodology.)

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-767, ‘‘Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 193 
Table 109. Estimated Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Electric Generation by Census

Division, State and Fuel, 1994

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal Petroleum Gas Other

 Census Division

 and State Sulfur Nitrogen Carbon Sulfur Nitrogen Carbon Sulfur Nitrogen Carbon Sulfur Nitrogen Carbon

 Dioxide Oxides Dioxide Dioxide Oxides Dioxide Dioxide Oxides Dioxide Dioxide Oxides Dioxide

New England Total ........... 111 44 15,566 87 17 11,030 * 8 2,804 * * 173

Connecticut ...................... 8 5 2,155 17 4 3,063 * 1 469 * * 15

Maine ................................. 0 0 0 5 1 677 0 0 0 0 0 0

Massachusetts ................. 64 23 10,001 54 10 5,994 * 7 2,218 * * 12

New Hampshire ............... 38 16 3,410 12 2 1,258 0 * 76 * * 12

Rhode Island .................... 0 0 0 * * 36 0 * 32 0 0 0

Vermont ............................ 0 0 0 * * 3 0 * 9 * * 134

Middle Atlantic Total ....... 1,338 296 121,875 66 24 17,227 * 31 13,461 * * 44

New Jersey ....................... 48 23 5,268 4 3 1,470 * 6 1,824 * * 1

New York .......................... 200 51 21,710 45 16 11,367 * 24 10,871 0 0 0

Pennsylvania .................... 1,090 222 94,897 17 6 4,391 * 1 765 * * 43

East North Central Total 4,346 1,444 395,205 10 3 2,416 * 8 2,942 1 1 713

Illinois ................................ 774 273 62,586 6 2 1,281 * 5 2,018 0 0 1

Indiana .............................. 1,172 409 110,718 * * 171 * 1 458 0 0 0

Michigan ............................ 393 241 69,847 3 1 697 * 1 307 0 * *

Ohio ................................... 1,818 402 119,722 * * 237 0 * 37 1 1 438

Wisconsin ......................... 189 119 32,332 * * 30 * * 121 * * 275

West North Central Total 1,070 665 190,174 1 * 259 * 8 2,258 1 1 1,021

Iowa ................................... 172 114 25,749 * * 35 * * 104 * * 39

Kansas .............................. 71 107 30,249 * * 46 * 5 1,465 * * 1

Minnesota ......................... 87 112 32,270 * * 21 * 1 357 1 1 973

Missouri ............................. 505 201 50,084 1 * 110 * 1 187 0 * *

Nebraska .......................... 54 64 15,884 * * 7 * * 143 0 * *

North Dakota .................... 148 56 32,872 * * 37 0 0 * 0 0 0

South Dakota ................... 33 12 3,065 * * 3 0 * 2 * * 8

South Atlantic Total ......... 2,638 913 320,605 305 60 36,306 * 21 6,706 * * 173

Delaware ........................... 35 14 5,281 8 2 1,431 * 1 272 * * 5

District of Columbia ......... 0 0 0 2 * 266 0 0 0 * * 17

Florida ............................... 444 192 50,051 250 50 28,545 * 19 5,663 * * 43

Georgia ............................. 553 144 61,202 1 * 94 0 * 52 * * 7

Maryland ........................... 218 68 25,376 31 5 3,638 * 1 515 * * 101

North Carolina .................. 362 145 52,023 * * 157 0 0 0 0 0 0

South Carolina ................. 187 71 27,266 * * 87 * * 148 0 0 *

Virginia .............................. 159 55 22,388 13 2 1,900 0 * 35 0 0 0

West Virginia .................... 679 224 77,019 * * 187 0 * 21 0 0 0

East South Central Total 1,779 611 205,393 16 2 1,221 * 12 3,906 * * 8

Alabama ............................ 512 164 63,341 * * 75 * 1 201 0 0 0

Kentucky ........................... 685 270 80,561 * * 119 0 * 15 0 * *

Mississippi ......................... 76 24 9,174 16 2 933 * 12 3,691 * * 8

Tennessee ........................ 507 152 52,317 * * 95 0 0 0 0 0 0

West South Central Total 750 597 208,799 2 1 593 * 255 84,936 0 0 0

Arkansas ........................... 68 60 22,051 * * 76 * 4 1,491 0 0 0

Louisiana ........................... 121 72 24,173 1 * 217 * 45 15,184 0 0 0

Oklahoma ......................... 92 93 30,474 * * 31 * 27 7,954 0 0 0

Texas ................................. 470 372 132,101 1 * 269 * 179 60,307 0 0 0

Mountain Total .................. 476 529 202,739 1 1 352 * 13 4,659 0 * *

Arizona .............................. 137 106 26,198 * * 113 * 2 709 0 0 0

Colorado ........................... 88 101 33,863 * * 5 * 1 279 0 * *

Montana ............................ 21 51 18,836 * * 9 0 * 31 0 * *

Nevada .............................. 53 46 18,822 1 * 142 * 5 1,399 0 0 0

New Mexico ...................... 63 97 28,721 * * 21 * 4 1,792 0 0 0

Utah ................................... 29 43 32,902 * * 23 * 1 442 0 0 0

Wyoming ........................... 85 86 43,397 * * 39 0 * 7 0 0 0

Pacific Contiguous Total 82 49 14,651 4 2 1,555 * 92 34,551 * * 626

California ........................... 0 0 0 4 2 1,546 * 92 34,550 0 0 0

Oregon .............................. 14 14 4,079 * * 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

Washington ....................... 67 35 10,572 * * 4 0 * * * * 626

Pacific Noncontiguous

Total .................................... 1 0 0 18 8 4,564 0 0 0 0 0 0

Alaska ............................... 1 0 0 * * 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hawaii ................................ 0 0 0 18 8 4,563 0 0 0 0 0 0

U.S. Total ............................ 12,590 5,148 1,675,006 510 118 75,523 1 450 156,222 2 3 2,758

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Estimates are derived from the Form EIA-767, ‘‘Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Report.’’ (See Technical Notes for methodology.)

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-767, ‘‘Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Report.’’

194 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Appendix A

Major Coal

Producing

States
Appendix A

Major Coal Producing States

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 197 
Table A1. Alabama Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 457,144 426,635 467,741 470,434 489,395 601,396 7.1 −1.7 −3.0 1 Productive Capacity ............. 33,049 27,916 29,815 30,195 NA 31,899 18.4 NA .4

Production Total ..................... 23,266 24,768 25,796 27,269 29,030 27,685 −6.1 −5.4 −1.9

Underground ........................ 14,471 15,557 15,944 17,070 17,540 14,418 −7.0 −4.7 *

Surface ................................. 8,795 9,211 9,852 10,199 11,490 13,267 −4.5 −6.5 −4.5 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 70.19 88.46 86.26 89.97 NA 86.79 −20.6 NA −2.3

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 19.6 17.2 18.1 17.3 16.9 21.7 14.1 3.9 −1.1

Number of Miners .................. 5,418 5,399 5,386 6,314 6,534 8,616 .3 −4.6 −5.0 2 Productivity Total .................. 2.25 2.35 2.49 2.17 2.23 1.70 −4.3 .2 3.2

Underground ........................ 1.94 2.09 2.17 1.90 2.01 1.34 −6.9 −.9 4.2

Surface ................................. 3.07 3.01 3.28 2.84 2.69 2.40 1.9 3.4 2.8

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,204 1,698 2,185 2,233 2,764 − −29.1 −18.8 − 3 Imports ................................... 178 88 −−−− 102.9 − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total .................... 23,750 25,556 25,491 27,679 28,735 NA −7.1 −4.6 NA

Domestic Distribution Total 19,220 19,668 19,560 20,667 20,545 NA −2.3 −1.6 NA

Within State ...................... 18,351 18,716 18,849 20,150 19,535 NA −1.9 −1.5 NA

To Other States ................ 870 952 711 517 1,010 NA −8.7 −3.7 NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... 4,529 5,888 5,931 7,012 8,190 NA −23.1 −13.8 NA

Metallurgical ................ 4,353 5,841 5,789 6,476 7,724 NA −25.5 −13.4 NA

Steam ........................... 176 47 142 536 466 NA 275.8 −21.5 NA 4 Overseas Total ................ 4,529 5,888 5,931 7,012 8,190 NA −23.1 −13.8 NA

Metallurgical ................ 4,353 5,841 5,789 6,476 7,724 NA −25.5 −13.4 NA

Steam ........................... 176 47 142 536 466 NA 275.8 −21.5 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 31,473 33,047 31,510 29,349 27,640 27,069 −4.8 3.3 1.7

Electric Utility ....................... 25,817 27,533 24,988 23,700 22,010 21,545 −6.2 4.1 2.0

Industrial ............................... 2,394 2,268 3,136 2,468 2,237 2,541 5.5 1.7 −.7

Coke ..................................... 3,253 3,206 3,297 3,166 3,288 2,883 1.4 −.3 1.3

Residential/Commercial ..... 11 40 89 17 105 99 −73.4 −43.5 −22.0

Consumer Stocks Total ........ 4,132 2,797 4,529 4,671 4,372 4,833 47.7 −1.4 −1.7

Electric Utility ....................... 3,652 2,331 4,071 4,247 3,869 4,324 56.6 −1.4 −1.8

All Other ............................... 480 466 458 424 503 509 3.0 −1.2 −.6

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $40.12 $42.34 $40.82 $41.14 $43.04 $42.84 −5.2 −1.7 −.7

Underground ........................ 39.92 42.00 40.70 40.19 42.48 44.22 −5.0 −1.5 −1.1

Surface ................................. 40.45 42.91 41.02 42.72 43.90 41.35 −5.7 −2.0 −.2

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... 40.42 42.56 41.67 43.82 44.58 48.71 −5.0 −2.4 −2.0

Industrial ............................... 38.74 39.01 39.76 40.43 40.58 45.31 −.7 −1.1 −1.7

Coke ..................................... 47.45 47.50 47.80 48.35 48.93 54.19 −.1 −.8 −1.5

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Imports for 1992 through 1994 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1985 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities. 4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

198 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table A2. Arizona Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... w w w w w w w w w

 1 Productive Capacity ............. w w w 13,800 NA w 0.6 NA w

Production Total ..................... 13,056 12,173 12,512 13,203 11,304 9,625 7.3 3.7 3.4

Surface ................................. 13,056 12,173 12,512 13,203 11,304 9,625 7.3 3.7 3.4 2 Capacity Utilization ............... w w w 95.67 NA w 6.6 NA w

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ w w w w w w w w w

Number of Miners .................. 864 876 888 900 951 885 −1.4 −2.4 −.3 2 Productivity Total .................. 6.71 6.21 6.29 6.64 5.93 6.53 8.0 3.1 .3

Surface ................................. 6.71 6.21 6.29 6.64 5.93 6.53 8.0 3.1 .3

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 2,634 1,590 1,555 1,461 1,191 − 65.7 22.0 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total .................... 12,011 12,138 12,418 12,933 11,446 NA −1.0 1.2 NA

Domestic Distribution Total 12,011 12,138 12,418 12,933 11,446 NA −1.0 1.2 NA

Within State ...................... 7,580 7,566 7,441 7,869 7,275 NA .2 1.0 NA

To Other States ................ 4,431 4,572 4,977 5,064 4,171 NA −3.1 1.5 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 19,580 18,991 17,915 16,805 16,419 16,364 3.1 4.5 2.0

Electric Utility ....................... 18,853 18,316 17,280 16,116 15,758 14,448 2.9 4.6 3.0

Industrial ............................... 727 674 632 689 660 w 7.8 2.4 w

Residential/Commercial ..... * 1 4 * w w −90.4 w w

Consumer Stocks Total ........ 3,242 3,717 3,596 4,229 3,129 w −12.8 .9 w

Electric Utility ....................... 3,197 3,687 3,543 4,177 3,090 3,163 −13.3 .8 .1

All Other ............................... 45 30 53 52 39 w 47.9 3.7 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... w w w w w w w w w

Surface ................................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... $28.26 $27.78 $28.31 $29.16 $29.98 $27.41 1.7 −1.5 .3

Industrial ............................... 41.35 40.51 40.95 40.09 39.54 w 2.1 1.1 w

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 199 
Table A3. Colorado Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 676,272 608,815 608,067 617,752 546,239 639,885 11.1 5.5 0.6

 1 Productive Capacity ............. 31,075 30,040 25,848 23,593 NA 18,998 3.4 NA 5.6

Production Total ..................... 25,304 21,886 19,226 17,834 18,910 17,202 15.6 7.5 4.4

Underground ........................ 16,332 12,843 10,246 9,601 10,628 6,346 27.2 11.3 11.1

Surface ................................. 8,972 9,043 8,981 8,233 8,281 10,856 −.8 2.0 −2.1 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 81.41 72.84 74.35 75.58 NA 90.55 11.8 NA −1.2

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 26.7 27.8 31.6 34.6 28.9 37.2 −3.9 −1.9 −3.6

Number of Miners .................. 1,905 1,775 1,610 2,037 2,009 2,551 7.3 −1.3 −3.2 2 Productivity Total .................. 6.20 5.85 5.27 5.05 4.24 3.30 6.0 10.0 7.3

Underground ........................ 5.81 5.21 4.52 4.23 3.26 2.16 11.4 15.5 11.6

Surface ................................. 7.06 7.07 6.52 6.51 6.86 4.78 −.1 .7 4.4

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,575 1,155 955 850 1,274 − 36.3 5.4 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total .................... 24,810 21,465 18,864 17,757 18,386 NA 15.6 7.8 NA

Domestic Distribution Total 24,059 20,338 18,195 17,132 18,019 NA 18.3 7.5 NA

Within State ...................... 12,035 11,181 11,241 10,911 10,703 NA 7.6 3.0 NA

To Other States ................ 12,024 9,157 6,954 6,222 7,316 NA 31.3 13.2 NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... 752 1,128 669 625 367 NA −33.3 19.7 NA

Metallurgical ................ −−−− 290 NA − −100.0 NA

Steam ........................... 752 1,128 669 625 77 NA −33.3 76.9 NA 3 Overseas Total ................ 752 1,128 669 625 367 NA −33.3 19.7 NA

Metallurgical ................ −−−− 290 NA − − NA

Steam ........................... 752 1,128 669 625 77 NA −33.3 76.9 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 17,475 17,070 16,696 16,218 16,710 15,242 2.4 1.1 1.5

Electric Utility ....................... 16,596 16,252 15,902 15,416 15,924 14,295 2.1 1.0 1.7

Industrial ............................... 857 780 735 738 729 791 9.8 4.1 .9

Residential/Commercial ..... 23 38 58 65 w w −39.4 w w

Consumer Stocks Total ........ 3,145 3,454 3,439 3,487 3,334 w −8.9 −1.4 w

Electric Utility ....................... 3,118 3,428 3,410 3,466 3,298 4,989 −9.0 −1.4 −5.1

All Other ............................... 26 25 29 21 36 w 3.8 −7.9 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $19.76 $20.35 $21.33 $22.18 $21.75 $24.65 −2.9 −2.4 −2.4

Underground ........................ 19.05 20.53 21.80 24.09 24.27 28.91 −7.2 −5.9 −4.5

Surface ................................. 21.05 20.10 20.80 19.96 18.53 22.16 4.7 3.2 −.6

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... 21.01 21.59 21.67 21.49 20.81 22.49 −2.7 .2 −.8

Industrial ............................... 28.96 28.63 30.34 29.27 26.93 28.24 1.1 1.8 .3

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

200 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table A4. Illinois Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 963,470 1,063,832 1,199,313 1,256,524 1,173,982 1,590,899 −9.4 −4.8 −5.4 1 Productive Capacity ............. 69,414 69,320 75,787 75,710 NA 66,919 .1 NA .4

Production Total ..................... 52,797 41,098 59,857 60,258 60,393 59,201 28.5 −3.3 −1.3

Underground ........................ 43,281 33,096 46,965 43,134 41,671 37,343 30.8 .9 1.6

Surface ................................. 9,516 8,002 12,892 17,124 18,722 21,858 18.9 −15.6 −8.8 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 76.06 59.28 78.98 79.58 NA 88.47 28.3 NA −1.7

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 18.3 25.9 20.0 20.8 19.4 26.9 −29.5 −1.6 −4.2

Number of Miners .................. 6,591 7,303 8,323 9,102 10,018 13,858 −9.7 −9.9 −7.9 2 Productivity Total .................. 3.59 3.23 3.42 3.18 2.94 2.14 11.3 5.2 5.9

Underground ........................ 3.49 3.11 3.21 2.88 2.70 1.92 12.5 6.6 6.9

Surface ................................. 4.12 3.86 4.47 4.30 3.64 2.69 6.7 3.1 4.8

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,651 713 1,969 1,418 1,955 − 131.4 −4.1 − 3 Imports ................................... 346 51 54 −−− NM − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total .................... 51,973 42,000 58,913 58,553 60,592 NA 23.8 −3.8 NA

Domestic Distribution Total 51,737 41,330 57,670 57,290 60,222 NA 25.2 −3.7 NA

Within State ...................... 17,517 15,206 18,167 18,787 18,700 NA 15.2 −1.6 NA

To Other States ................ 34,220 26,124 39,503 38,503 41,522 NA 31.0 −4.7 NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... 236 670 1,242 1,263 370 NA −64.8 −10.6 NA

Metallurgical ................ 236 109 614 546 237 NA 115.8 −.1 NA

Steam ........................... − 561 629 717 133 NA −100.0 −100.0 NA

Canada Total .................... −−− 4 − NA − − NA

Steam ........................... −−− 4 − NA − − NA 4 Overseas Total ................ 236 670 1,242 1,259 370 NA −64.8 −10.6 NA

Metallurgical ................ 236 109 614 546 237 NA 115.8 −.1 NA

Steam ........................... − 561 629 713 133 NA −100.0 − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 39,077 38,135 31,599 34,677 33,904 37,601 2.5 3.6 .4

Electric Utility ....................... 32,599 31,744 25,264 27,754 27,396 31,608 2.7 4.4 .3

Industrial ............................... 4,187 3,970 3,736 4,426 3,888 3,399 5.5 1.9 2.3

Coke ..................................... w w w w w 2,358 w w w

Residential/Commercial ..... w w w w w 236 w w w

Consumer Stocks Total ........ w w w w w 7,836 w w w

Electric Utility ....................... 4,526 4,019 7,399 6,977 7,398 6,977 12.6 −11.6 −4.7

All Other ............................... w w w w w 859 w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $23.14 $25.27 $27.66 $28.35 $27.73 $30.80 −8.5 −4.4 −3.1

Underground ........................ 23.18 25.54 27.93 29.05 28.30 31.78 −9.2 −4.9 −3.4

Surface ................................. 22.92 24.18 26.69 26.59 26.45 29.14 −5.2 −3.5 −2.6

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... 32.69 35.30 37.06 36.76 37.79 45.60 −7.4 −3.5 −3.6

Industrial ............................... 29.13 29.42 29.24 30.81 31.28 39.11 −1.0 −1.8 −3.2

Coke ..................................... w w w w w 55.83 w w w

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Imports for 1992 through 1994 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1985 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities. 4 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 201 
Table A5. Indiana Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 304,225 379,294 404,549 419,790 444,020 542,089 −19.8 −9.0 −6.2 1 Productive Capacity ............. 38,931 43,955 42,990 45,155 NA 36,107 −11.4 NA .8

Production Total ..................... 30,927 29,295 30,466 31,468 35,907 33,294 5.6 −3.7 −.8

Underground ........................ 3,324 2,583 2,641 2,832 3,037 2,053 28.7 2.3 5.5

Surface ................................. 27,603 26,713 27,825 28,636 32,870 31,241 3.3 −4.3 −1.4 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 79.37 66.60 70.86 69.66 NA 92.21 19.2 NA −1.6

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 9.8 12.9 13.3 13.3 12.4 16.3 −24.0 −5.5 −5.4

Number of Miners .................. 3,206 3,331 3,652 3,919 4,195 5,187 −3.8 −6.5 −5.2 2 Productivity Total .................. 4.28 4.46 4.09 4.02 3.84 2.85 −4.0 2.7 4.6

Underground ........................ 2.82 2.49 2.80 2.97 2.90 1.79 13.2 −.7 5.2

Surface ................................. 4.56 4.82 4.28 4.17 3.96 2.97 −5.5 3.6 4.9

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 803 527 1,016 525 559 − 52.4 9.5 − 3 Imports ................................... 593 594 − − − −−.2 − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total .................... 30,684 29,664 31,393 31,412 36,122 NA 3.4 −4.0 NA

Domestic Distribution Total 30,477 29,475 31,216 31,204 35,967 NA 3.4 −4.1 NA

Within State ...................... 24,733 23,913 24,655 22,619 25,301 NA 3.4 −.6 NA

To Other States ................ 5,744 5,562 6,561 8,585 10,666 NA 3.3 −14.3 NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... 206 188 177 208 155 NA 9.5 7.4 NA

Steam ........................... 206 188 177 208 155 NA 9.5 7.4 NA

Canada Total .................... −−− 3 1 NA − − NA

Steam ........................... −−− 3 1 NA − − NA 4 Overseas Total ................ 206 188 177 204 154 NA 9.5 7.5 NA

Steam ........................... 206 188 177 204 154 NA 9.5 7.5 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 59,996 60,353 58,765 60,790 61,701 53,291 −.6 −.7 1.3

Electric Utility ....................... 50,554 48,836 46,937 47,720 47,654 38,310 3.5 1.5 3.1

Industrial ............................... 4,244 4,587 4,263 4,404 4,629 5,119 −7.5 −2.1 −2.1

Coke ..................................... 4,841 6,591 7,153 8,234 8,867 9,338 −26.5 −14.0 −7.0

Residential/Commercial ..... 356 339 411 433 551 524 5.0 −10.3 −4.2

Consumer Stocks Total ........ 11,707 7,798 12,507 11,387 12,226 12,869 50.1 −1.1 −1.0

Electric Utility ....................... 10,449 6,935 11,294 9,953 10,610 11,322 50.7 −.4 −.9

All Other ............................... 1,258 863 1,214 1,434 1,616 1,547 45.7 −6.1 −2.3

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $22.28 $22.89 $23.41 $23.58 $23.91 $26.54 −2.7 −1.7 −1.9

Underground ........................ w w w w w w w w w

Surface ................................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... $26.79 $26.73 $27.89 $28.41 $28.78 $35.00 .2 −1.8 −2.9

Industrial ............................... 31.35 30.91 31.58 33.01 32.83 36.03 1.4 −1.1 −1.5

Coke ..................................... 50.90 52.29 53.72 53.31 49.39 59.98 −2.6 .8 −1.8

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Imports for 1992 through 1994 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1985 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities. 4 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

202 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table A6. Kentucky Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 1,365,188 1,828,072 1,452,789 1,632,076 1,585,081 1,767,179 −25.3 −3.7 −2.8 1 Productive Capacity ............. 213,427 204,805 195,352 199,282 NA 166,298 4.2 NA 2.8

Production Total ..................... 161,642 156,299 161,068 158,980 173,322 149,929 3.4 −1.7 .8

Underground ........................ 95,414 92,207 96,053 97,332 105,290 80,266 3.5 −2.4 1.9

Surface ................................. 66,227 64,092 65,016 61,647 68,032 69,664 3.3 −.7 −.6 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 75.54 76.11 82.15 79.45 NA 90.16 −.8 NA −1.9

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 8.4 11.7 9.0 10.3 9.1 11.8 −27.8 −2.0 −3.6

Number of Miners .................. 23,368 24,063 24,624 26,642 30,498 36,814 −2.9 −6.4 −4.9 2 Productivity Total .................. 3.25 3.25 3.20 3.01 2.83 2.23 .1 3.5 4.3

Underground ........................ 2.89 2.93 2.91 2.71 2.54 1.94 −1.4 3.3 4.5

Surface ................................. 3.96 3.84 3.75 3.66 3.43 2.69 3.3 3.6 4.4

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 5,025 3,216 3,796 4,646 4,114 − 56.3 5.1 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Domestic Distribution Total 151,963 150,874 147,825 142,811 157,587 NA .7 −.9 NA

Within State ...................... 26,719 28,136 27,941 24,831 29,679 NA −5.0 −2.6 NA

To Other States ................ 125,244 122,738 119,883 117,980 127,908 NA 2.0 −.5 NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... 7,167 9,521 14,036 15,478 15,690 NA −24.7 −17.8 NA

Metallurgical ................ 2,180 3,310 4,971 4,354 7,104 NA −34.1 −25.6 NA

Steam ........................... 4,987 6,212 9,065 11,124 8,586 NA −19.7 −12.7 NA

Canada Total .................... 1,099 1,416 2,078 1,560 1,727 NA −22.3 −10.7 NA

Metallurgical ................ 1,073 1,356 1,373 1,125 1,106 NA −20.9 −.8 NA

Steam ........................... 26 60 705 435 621 NA −56.2 −54.7 NA 3 Overseas Total ................ 6,067 8,106 11,958 13,918 13,963 NA −25.1 −18.8 NA

Metallurgical ................ 1,107 1,954 3,599 3,229 5,998 NA −43.3 −34.5 NA

Steam ........................... 4,961 6,152 8,359 10,689 7,966 NA −19.4 −11.2 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 38,090 39,095 34,704 34,517 34,449 30,990 −2.6 2.5 2.3

Electric Utility ....................... 34,564 35,264 31,715 31,432 30,867 27,085 −2.0 2.9 2.7

Industrial ............................... 1,994 2,392 1,648 2,044 2,253 2,510 −16.6 −3.0 −2.5

Coke ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ..... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total ........ w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ....................... 4,466 3,990 5,415 5,881 7,612 6,864 11.9 −12.5 −4.7

All Other ............................... w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $24.88 $24.77 $24.50 $25.45 $25.19 $28.24 .4 −.3 −1.4

Underground ........................ 26.14 25.07 25.18 25.92 25.24 29.15 4.3 .9 −1.2

Surface ................................. 23.07 24.35 23.50 24.70 25.11 27.19 −5.3 −2.1 −1.8

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... 27.16 27.29 27.01 27.19 27.58 32.14 −.5 −.4 −1.8

Industrial ............................... 43.22 42.30 43.78 46.54 45.81 45.94 2.2 −1.4 −.7

Coke ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 203 
Table A7. Montana Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 1,282,525 1,284,806 1,351,609 1,392,795 1,872,492 1,761,962 −0.2 −9.0 −3.5 1 Productive Capacity ............. 51,104 50,849 48,582 48,604 NA 34,752 .5 NA 4.4

Production Total ..................... 41,640 35,917 38,889 38,237 37,616 33,286 15.9 2.6 2.5

Underground ........................ 3 10 10 3 − −−69.9 − −

Surface ................................. 41,636 35,907 38,879 38,235 37,616 33,286 15.9 2.6 2.5 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 81.47 70.64 80.03 78.65 NA 95.78 15.3 NA −1.8

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 30.8 35.8 34.8 36.4 49.8 52.9 −13.9 −11.3 −5.8

Number of Miners .................. 705 660 715 794 821 1,173 6.8 −3.7 −5.5 2 Productivity Total .................. 21.92 19.49 20.16 18.99 18.78 14.73 12.5 3.9 4.5

Underground ........................ − 1.06 − − − −−100.0 − −

Surface ................................. 21.92 19.59 20.16 18.99 18.78 14.73 11.9 3.9 4.5

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 635 876 694 571 613 − −27.5 .9 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total .................... 41,916 35,916 38,866 38,119 37,866 NA 16.7 2.6 NA

Domestic Distribution Total 41,672 35,795 38,804 37,812 37,294 NA 16.4 2.8 NA

Within State ...................... 10,581 9,115 11,159 10,578 9,742 NA 16.1 2.1 NA

To Other States ................ 31,092 26,680 27,645 27,234 27,552 NA 16.5 3.1 NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... 243 121 62 306 572 NA 100.9 −19.2 NA

Steam ........................... 243 121 62 306 572 NA 100.9 −19.2 NA

Canada Total .................... 90 54 − 10 417 NA 66.7 −31.9 NA

Steam ........................... 90 54 − 10 417 NA 66.7 −31.9 NA 3 Overseas Total ................ 153 67 62 297 155 NA 128.3 −.2 NA

Steam ........................... 153 67 62 297 155 NA 128.3 −.2 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 11,089 9,247 11,040 10,549 9,676 5,713 19.9 3.5 7.6

Electric Utility ....................... 10,513 8,869 10,768 10,223 9,399 5,480 18.5 2.8 7.5

Industrial ............................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ..... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total ........ w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ....................... 517 721 735 741 767 634 −28.2 −9.4 −2.2

All Other ............................... w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $10.39 $11.05 $10.20 $10.76 $9.42 $13.18 −5.9 2.5 −2.6

Underground ........................ − w − − − −−100.0 − −

Surface ................................. 10.39 w 10.20 10.76 9.42 13.18 w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... 11.79 $11.78 12.14 11.44 11.47 12.23 * .7 −.4

Industrial ............................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

204 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table A8. New Mexico Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 1,457,523 1,472,927 1,494,541 1,608,287 1,526,520 1,504,051 −1.0 −1.1 −0.3 1 Productive Capacity ............. 32,807 33,360 29,512 28,187 NA 24,258 −1.6 NA 3.4

Production Total ..................... 28,041 28,268 24,549 21,518 24,292 22,202 −.8 3.6 2.6

Underground ........................ 950 719 93 25 76 803 32.1 88.1 1.9

Surface ................................. 27,091 27,549 24,456 21,492 24,217 21,399 −1.7 2.8 2.6 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 85.47 84.74 83.18 76.34 NA 91.52 .9 NA −.8

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 52.0 52.1 60.9 74.7 62.8 67.7 −.2 −4.6 −2.9

Number of Miners .................. 1,786 1,762 1,683 1,650 1,472 1,929 1.4 4.9 −.8 2 Productivity Total .................. 6.77 6.68 6.68 6.25 7.64 5.43 1.4 −3.0 2.5

Underground ........................ 2.57 1.63 .40 .71 4.27 1.64 57.0 −11.9 5.1

Surface ................................. 7.18 7.26 7.11 6.31 7.66 5.95 −1.1 −1.6 2.1

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,467 2,343 1,648 1,760 2,401 − −37.4 −11.6 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total .................... 28,570 27,942 24,827 22,378 23,380 NA 2.3 5.1 NA

Domestic Distribution Total 28,540 27,942 24,823 22,378 23,380 NA 2.1 5.1 NA

Within State ...................... 15,464 14,938 14,829 13,130 15,232 NA 3.5 .4 NA

To Other States ................ 13,076 13,004 9,993 9,248 8,149 NA .5 12.5 NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... 30 − 5 − − NA − − NA

Steam ........................... 30 − 5 − − NA − − NA 3 Overseas Total ................ 30 − 5 − − NA − − NA

Steam ........................... 30 − 5 − − NA − − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 15,374 15,012 14,832 12,858 15,111 14,589 2.4 .4 .6

Electric Utility ....................... 15,297 14,942 14,775 12,809 15,065 14,498 2.4 .4 .6

Industrial ............................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ..... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total ........ w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ....................... 1,462 1,506 1,570 1,399 1,538 1,434 −2.9 −1.3 .2

All Other ............................... w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $23.29 $22.96 $23.14 $23.25 $22.43 $23.41 1.4 .9 *

Underground ........................ w w w w w w w w w

Surface ................................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... $25.48 $24.61 $23.83 $25.02 $24.03 $20.06 3.5 1.5 2.7

Industrial ............................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 205 
Table A9. North Dakota Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 1,694,548 1,411,026 1,335,164 1,385,624 1,414,294 1,629,607 20.1 4.6 0.4

 1 Productive Capacity ............. 35,920 36,371 36,986 35,976 NA 29,287 −1.2 NA 2.3

Production Total ..................... 32,286 31,973 31,744 29,530 29,213 26,871 1.0 2.5 2.1

Surface ................................. 32,286 31,973 31,744 29,530 29,213 26,871 1.0 2.5 2.1 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 89.88 87.89 85.83 82.08 NA 91.75 2.3 NA −.2

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 52.5 44.1 42.1 46.9 48.4 60.6 18.9 2.0 −1.6

Number of Miners .................. 645 782 744 814 931 1,132 −17.5 −8.8 −6.0 2 Productivity Total .................. 18.84 17.66 18.12 17.64 16.12 11.40 6.6 4.0 5.7

Surface ................................. 18.84 17.66 18.12 17.64 16.12 11.40 6.6 4.0 5.7

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,812 1,607 1,614 1,619 1,830 − 12.8 −.3 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total .................... 32,056 32,372 31,702 29,741 29,206 NA −1.0 2.3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total 32,056 32,372 31,702 29,741 29,206 NA −1.0 2.3 NA

Within State ...................... 29,731 30,215 29,573 27,405 27,137 NA −1.6 2.3 NA

To Other States ................ 2,325 2,157 2,129 2,337 2,069 NA 7.8 3.0 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 30,363 30,302 30,301 28,597 28,114 22,958 .2 1.9 3.1

Electric Utility ....................... 23,248 23,290 23,192 22,174 21,579 17,354 −.2 1.9 3.3

Industrial ............................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ..... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total ........ w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ....................... 2,406 2,417 2,194 1,999 2,828 3,137 −.4 −3.9 −2.9

All Other ............................... w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $7.62 $7.63 $7.48 $7.84 $7.67 $9.30 −.2 −.2 −2.2

Surface ................................. 7.62 7.63 7.48 7.84 7.67 9.30 −.2 −.2 −2.2

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... 9.28 9.38 9.45 9.37 9.10 11.59 −1.0 .5 −2.4

Industrial ............................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

206 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table A10. Ohio Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 479,235 519,768 575,973 590,604 691,984 829,473 −7.8 −8.8 −5.9 1 Productive Capacity ............. 43,925 42,236 41,329 47,397 NA 41,819 4.0 NA .5

Production Total ..................... 29,897 28,816 30,403 30,569 35,252 35,411 3.8 −4.0 −1.9

Underground ........................ 13,607 10,437 12,031 12,237 12,920 13,630 30.4 1.3 *

Surface ................................. 16,290 18,379 18,371 18,333 22,332 21,781 −11.4 −7.6 −3.2 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 67.87 67.94 73.19 64.27 NA 84.68 −.1 NA −2.4

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 16.0 18.0 18.9 19.3 19.6 23.4 −11.1 −4.9 −4.1

Number of Miners .................. 3,983 3,866 4,515 5,293 5,866 8,954 3.0 −9.2 −8.6 2 Productivity Total .................. 3.42 3.46 3.04 2.67 2.80 2.02 −1.3 5.1 6.0

Underground ........................ 3.51 3.27 3.01 2.55 2.34 1.66 7.4 10.6 8.7

Surface ................................. 3.34 3.58 3.06 2.76 3.17 2.34 −6.8 1.3 4.0

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 833 550 1,087 821 887 − 51.4 −1.5 − 3 Imports ................................... 2 2 15 − − −−18.3 − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total .................... 28,749 28,315 29,550 30,023 34,335 NA 1.5 −4.3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total 28,688 28,315 29,549 30,001 34,209 NA 1.3 −4.3 NA

Within State ...................... 23,907 24,370 26,941 27,061 28,301 NA −1.9 −4.1 NA

To Other States ................ 4,782 3,944 2,608 2,940 5,908 NA 21.2 −5.1 NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... 61 − 2 22 126 NA − −16.7 NA

Steam ........................... 61 − 2 22 126 NA − −16.7 NA

Canada Total .................... − − * 3 55 NA − − NA

Steam ........................... − − * 3 55 NA − − NA 4 Overseas Total ................ 61 − 1 19 72 NA − −4.0 NA

Steam ........................... 61 − 1 19 72 NA − −4.0 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 56,711 59,031 58,671 58,578 59,205 57,979 −3.9 −1.1 −.2

Electric Utility ....................... 49,326 51,456 50,358 49,577 48,848 46,700 −4.1 .2 .6

Industrial ............................... 3,794 4,100 3,970 4,813 4,753 5,178 −7.5 −5.5 −3.4

Coke ..................................... 3,092 2,892 3,755 3,698 4,949 5,242 6.9 −11.1 −5.7

Residential/Commercial ..... 498 584 588 489 654 859 −14.6 −6.6 −5.9

Consumer Stocks Total ........ 7,815 7,630 10,804 10,618 10,471 9,727 2.4 −7.0 −2.4

Electric Utility ....................... 7,499 7,249 10,395 10,213 9,956 8,976 3.4 −6.8 −2.0

All Other ............................... 316 381 408 405 515 751 −17.0 −11.5 −9.2

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $29.13 $28.04 $26.93 $27.75 $28.65 $33.97 3.8 .4 −1.7

Underground ........................ 31.61 30.73 30.11 31.52 33.93 41.75 2.9 −1.8 −3.0

Surface ................................. 27.04 26.51 24.84 25.22 25.57 29.11 2.0 1.4 −.8

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... 34.70 34.05 34.40 35.33 36.01 40.02 1.9 −.9 −1.6

Industrial ............................... 35.75 34.82 35.24 34.85 35.04 35.97 2.7 .5 −.1

Coke ..................................... 42.02 45.07 46.68 46.15 48.29 54.89 −6.8 −3.4 −2.9

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Imports for 1992 through 1994 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1985 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities. 4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 207 
Table A11. Pennsylvania Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 912,870 939,706 937,427 985,784 1,126,272 1,484,165 −2.8 −5.1 −5.3 1 Productive Capacity ............. 80,975 82,148 82,968 80,418 NA 81,082 −1.4 NA *

Production Total ..................... 62,237 59,700 68,981 65,381 70,514 70,311 4.2 −3.1 −1.3

Underground ........................ 39,974 36,934 45,112 40,953 40,530 36,266 8.2 −.3 1.1

Surface ................................. 22,263 22,766 23,868 24,429 29,984 34,045 −2.2 −7.2 −4.6 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 75.89 71.79 82.20 80.17 NA 86.72 5.7 NA −1.5

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 14.7 15.7 13.6 15.1 16.0 21.1 −6.8 −2.1 −4.0

Number of Miners .................. 9,975 10,940 12,659 13,506 15,903 22,207 −8.8 −11.0 −8.5 2 Productivity Total .................. 2.98 2.80 2.67 2.43 2.24 1.65 6.5 7.4 6.8

Underground ........................ 3.18 2.91 2.81 2.38 2.12 1.37 9.4 10.6 9.8

Surface ................................. 2.67 2.63 2.45 2.53 2.42 2.11 1.4 2.5 2.7

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 2,787 1,826 2,903 2,844 2,558 − 52.6 2.2 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Domestic Distribution Total 55,207 53,482 61,208 58,151 62,917 NA 3.2 −3.2 NA

Within State ...................... 35,189 33,456 37,696 36,260 40,216 NA 5.2 −3.3 NA

To Other States ................ 20,018 20,026 23,512 21,891 22,702 NA * −3.1 NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... 6,301 5,508 6,440 7,303 6,884 NA 14.4 −2.2 NA

Metallurgical ................ 1,624 1,919 1,266 1,331 522 NA −15.4 32.8 NA

Steam ........................... 4,677 3,589 5,175 5,972 6,362 NA 30.3 −7.4 NA

Canada Total .................... 844 597 1,599 2,338 2,692 NA 41.3 −25.2 NA

Metallurgical ................ − 10 − 8 42 NA −100.0 − NA

Steam ........................... 844 587 1,599 2,330 2,650 NA 43.7 −24.9 NA 3 Overseas Total ................ 5,457 4,911 4,841 4,966 4,192 NA 11.1 6.8 NA

Metallurgical ................ 1,624 1,909 1,266 1,323 480 NA −14.9 35.6 NA

Steam ........................... 3,833 3,002 3,575 3,642 3,712 NA 27.7 .8 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 54,094 56,158 56,074 54,931 57,319 56,553 −3.7 −1.4 −.5

Electric Utility ....................... 38,044 40,257 40,407 40,662 41,465 41,713 −5.5 −2.1 −1.0

Industrial ............................... 4,044 4,311 4,173 4,049 4,090 3,852 −6.2 −.3 .5

Coke ..................................... 10,849 10,333 9,868 8,812 10,456 9,762 5.0 .9 1.2

Residential/Commercial ..... 1,156 1,257 1,626 1,408 1,308 1,226 −8.0 −3.0 −.6

Consumer Stocks Total ........ 12,060 12,265 15,976 15,546 15,426 14,763 −1.7 −6.0 −2.2

Electric Utility ....................... 11,000 11,110 14,866 14,412 14,363 13,628 −1.0 −6.4 −2.3

All Other ............................... 1,060 1,155 1,110 1,135 1,063 1,135 −8.2 −.1 −.8

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $26.18 $26.50 $28.61 $29.40 $30.15 $32.91 −1.2 −3.5 −2.5

Underground ........................ 26.59 27.35 30.23 31.72 33.23 36.25 −2.8 −5.4 −3.4

Surface ................................. 25.43 25.09 25.48 25.42 25.91 29.35 1.4 −.5 −1.6

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... 35.39 35.73 36.81 38.05 37.25 38.26 −.9 −1.3 −.9

Industrial ............................... 33.66 34.04 35.70 35.89 36.61 39.81 −1.1 −2.1 −1.8

Coke ..................................... 46.25 46.41 46.49 46.86 45.78 50.49 −.3 .3 −1.0

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

208 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table A12. Texas Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 1,026,309 1,104,864 1,188,240 1,225,124 1,209,492 1,099,540 −7.1 −4.0 −0.8 1 Productive Capacity ............. 55,856 57,115 58,541 59,579 NA 47,819 −2.2 NA 1.7

Production Total ..................... 52,346 54,567 55,071 53,825 55,755 45,459 −4.1 −1.6 1.6

Surface ................................. 52,346 54,567 55,071 53,825 55,755 45,459 −4.1 −1.6 1.6 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 93.72 95.54 94.07 90.34 NA 95.06 −1.9 NA −.1

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 19.6 20.3 21.6 22.8 21.7 24.2 −3.2 −2.5 −2.3

Number of Miners .................. 1,733 1,841 2,001 2,149 2,131 2,360 −5.9 −5.0 −3.4 2 Productivity Total .................. 8.82 8.42 7.34 7.17 7.48 6.26 4.8 4.2 3.9

Surface ................................. 8.82 8.42 7.34 7.17 7.48 6.26 4.8 4.2 3.9

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,430 1,237 543 400 930 − 15.6 11.3 − 3 Imports ................................... 153 156 80 − − −−1.7 − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total .................... 52,256 54,224 54,447 54,243 55,024 NA −3.6 −1.3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total 52,256 54,224 54,447 54,243 55,016 NA −3.6 −1.3 NA

Within State ...................... 52,256 54,224 54,447 54,243 55,016 NA −3.6 −1.3 NA

To Other States ................ −−−− * NA − − NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... −−−− 9 NA − −100.0 NA

Steam ........................... −−−− 9 NA − −100.0 NA 4 Overseas Total ................ −−−− 9 NA − − NA

Steam ........................... −−−− 9 NA − − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 93,829 96,809 91,568 92,064 91,415 77,017 −3.1 .6 2.2

Electric Utility ....................... 88,479 92,135 87,333 87,856 87,248 71,818 −4.0 .3 2.3

Industrial ............................... 5,350 4,667 4,225 4,198 4,157 4,788 14.6 6.5 1.2

Coke ..................................... −−−−− w − − −

Residential/Commercial ..... * 6 10 11 w w −98.9 w w

Consumer Stocks Total ........ 9,793 9,172 10,392 10,932 w w 6.8 w w

Electric Utility ....................... 9,578 8,125 10,143 10,474 8,531 9,103 17.9 2.9 .6

All Other ............................... 215 1,047 248 458 w w −79.4 w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $12.38 $12.87 $12.42 $12.21 $11.20 $11.60 −3.8 2.5 .7

Surface ................................. 12.38 12.87 12.42 12.21 11.20 11.60 −3.8 2.5 .7

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... 19.84 20.91 21.58 21.66 21.19 23.59 −5.1 −1.6 −1.9

Industrial ............................... 19.54 17.58 18.14 18.61 16.79 24.92 11.1 3.9 −2.7

Coke ..................................... −−−−− w − − −

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Imports for 1992 through 1994 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1985 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities. 4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 209 
Table A13. Utah Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 423,349 446,729 488,109 508,872 505,042 557,794 −5.2 −4.3 −3.0 1 Productive Capacity ............. 27,640 25,933 25,534 25,482 NA 16,365 6.6 NA 6.0

Production Total ..................... 24,399 21,847 21,339 21,945 22,058 12,776 11.7 2.5 7.4

Underground ........................ 24,399 21,847 21,339 21,945 22,058 12,776 11.7 2.5 7.4 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 88.27 84.22 83.57 86.12 NA 78.07 4.8 NA 1.4

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 17.3 20.4 22.9 23.2 22.9 43.7 −15.1 −6.7 −9.7

Number of Miners .................. 1,675 1,769 1,997 2,277 2,434 2,563 −5.3 −8.9 −4.6 2 Productivity Total .................. 6.59 5.96 5.46 4.80 4.74 2.80 10.5 8.6 10.0

Underground ........................ 6.59 5.96 5.46 4.80 4.74 2.80 10.5 8.6 10.0

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,301 1,203 1,827 1,676 1,484 − 8.2 −3.2 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total .................... 23,225 22,243 21,052 21,444 21,506 NA 4.4 1.9 NA

Domestic Distribution Total 20,527 19,283 18,792 19,358 19,756 NA 6.4 1.0 NA

Within State ...................... 13,586 13,418 13,035 13,605 14,107 NA 1.3 −.9 NA

To Other States ................ 6,941 5,866 5,758 5,753 5,649 NA 18.3 5.3 NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... 2,698 2,959 2,260 2,086 1,751 NA −8.8 11.4 NA

Metallurgical ................ −−−− 190 NA − −100.0 NA

Steam ........................... 2,698 2,959 2,260 2,086 1,560 NA −8.8 14.7 NA

Canada Total .................... − 346 −−− NA −100.0 − NA

Steam ........................... − 346 −−− NA −100.0 − NA 3 Overseas Total ................ 2,698 2,613 2,260 2,086 1,751 NA 3.2 11.4 NA

Metallurgical ................ −−−− 190 NA − − NA

Steam ........................... 2,698 2,613 2,260 2,086 1,560 NA 3.2 14.7 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 16,216 15,848 15,719 14,834 15,738 8,303 2.3 .8 7.7

Electric Utility ....................... 14,269 13,995 13,857 12,829 13,563 6,325 2.0 1.3 9.5

Industrial ............................... 835 727 525 508 676 472 14.9 5.4 6.5

Coke ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ..... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total ........ w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ....................... 2,753 3,264 3,153 4,123 3,697 997 −15.6 −7.1 11.9

All Other ............................... w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $19.27 $20.81 $21.11 $22.59 $18.53 $27.69 −7.4 1.0 −3.9

Underground ........................ 19.27 20.81 21.11 22.59 18.53 27.69 −7.4 1.0 −3.9

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... 26.10 27.34 27.54 27.40 26.80 32.34 −4.5 −.6 −2.3

Industrial ............................... 26.57 26.51 25.35 26.43 28.49 28.55 .2 −1.7 −.8

Coke ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

210 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table A14. Virginia Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 236,773 335,883 365,823 411,849 423,584 575,205 −29.5 −13.5 −9.4 1 Productive Capacity ............. 46,462 50,879 54,471 55,271 NA 45,552 −8.7 NA .2

Production Total ..................... 37,129 39,317 43,024 41,954 46,917 40,531 −5.6 −5.7 −1.0

Underground ........................ 28,054 30,166 34,715 34,138 39,150 33,271 −7.0 −8.0 −1.9

Surface ................................. 9,075 9,151 8,308 7,816 7,767 7,260 −.8 4.0 2.5 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 79.61 77.07 78.70 75.65 NA 88.98 3.3 NA −1.2

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 6.4 8.5 8.5 9.8 9.0 14.2 −25.3 −8.3 −8.5

Number of Miners .................. 8,121 8,339 9,138 10,055 10,342 13,268 −2.6 −5.9 −5.3 2 Productivity Total .................. 2.51 2.41 2.37 2.23 2.24 1.81 4.1 2.9 3.7

Underground ........................ 2.27 2.19 2.20 2.12 2.14 1.72 3.3 1.4 3.1

Surface ................................. 3.73 3.55 3.50 2.95 2.89 2.37 5.1 6.6 5.2

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,180 1,389 1,714 2,154 1,844 − −15.0 −10.5 − 3 Imports ................................... 36 34 46 − − 29 4.7 − 2.4

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total .................... 38,548 41,639 45,728 43,495 48,038 NA −7.4 −5.3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total 26,866 27,388 28,504 25,390 28,863 NA −1.9 −1.8 NA

Within State ...................... 6,867 6,076 6,082 5,457 5,638 NA 13.0 5.0 NA

To Other States ................ 19,999 21,312 22,422 19,933 23,226 NA −6.2 −3.7 NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... 11,683 14,251 17,224 18,105 19,174 NA −18.0 −11.6 NA

Metallurgical ................ 11,193 13,512 14,021 14,404 16,435 NA −17.2 −9.2 NA

Steam ........................... 490 739 3,203 3,700 2,740 NA −33.7 −35.0 NA

Canada Total .................... 786 1,229 1,331 1,404 1,244 NA −36.1 −10.8 NA

Metallurgical ................ 786 1,229 −−− NA −36.1 − NA

Steam ........................... − − 1,331 1,404 1,244 NA − − NA 4 Overseas Total ................ 10,897 13,021 15,893 16,701 17,931 NA −16.3 −11.7 NA

Metallurgical ................ 10,407 12,283 14,021 14,404 16,435 NA −15.3 −10.8 NA

Steam ........................... 490 739 1,873 2,296 1,496 NA −33.7 −24.4 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 12,792 13,584 13,418 13,980 13,105 11,656 −5.8 −.6 1.0

Electric Utility ....................... 8,670 9,447 8,661 8,568 8,228 7,166 −8.2 1.3 2.1

Industrial ............................... 2,838 2,863 3,592 4,301 3,756 3,334 −.9 −6.8 −1.8

Coke ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ..... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total ........ w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ....................... 2,064 1,418 1,922 1,685 1,639 1,682 45.5 5.9 2.3

All Other ............................... w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $26.84 $26.80 $27.55 $27.45 $28.05 $30.16 .1 −1.1 −1.3

Underground ........................ 27.33 27.26 27.88 27.76 28.39 30.37 .2 −.9 −1.2

Surface ................................. 25.33 25.29 26.17 26.12 26.32 29.18 .1 −.9 −1.5

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... 37.05 37.57 37.81 38.87 39.29 46.18 −1.4 −1.4 −2.4

Industrial ............................... 41.56 41.27 40.97 40.53 41.05 42.01 .7 .3 −.1

Coke ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Imports for 1992 through 1994 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1985 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities. 4 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 211 
Table A15. West Virginia Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 1,829,630 1,930,903 2,043,062 2,122,087 2,115,125 2,737,393 −5.2 −3.6 −4.4 1 Productive Capacity ............. 201,684 191,706 198,083 200,114 NA 139,529 5.2 NA 4.2

Production Total ..................... 161,776 130,525 162,164 167,352 169,205 127,125 23.9 −1.1 2.7

Underground ........................ 111,679 87,997 115,212 119,821 123,306 103,475 26.9 −2.4 .8

Surface ................................. 50,097 42,528 46,952 47,530 45,898 23,650 17.8 2.2 8.7 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 80.07 67.91 81.70 83.42 NA 91.11 17.9 NA −1.4

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 11.3 14.8 12.6 12.7 12.5 21.5 −23.5 −2.5 −6.9

Number of Miners .................. 21,861 22,979 26,017 28,310 29,578 36,658 −4.9 −7.3 −5.6 2 Productivity Total .................. 3.69 3.27 3.27 3.11 2.96 1.95 12.7 5.6 7.3

Underground ........................ 3.38 2.92 2.99 2.83 2.70 1.85 15.7 5.8 6.9

Surface ................................. 4.62 4.35 4.27 4.18 4.02 2.54 6.3 3.5 6.9

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 6,692 4,059 7,405 6,464 5,250 − 64.9 6.3 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Domestic Distribution Total 122,779 102,659 112,917 111,785 118,032 NA 19.6 1.0 NA

Within State ...................... 30,891 22,887 26,644 27,191 32,957 NA 35.0 −1.6 NA

To Other States ................ 91,888 79,772 86,273 84,593 85,075 NA 15.2 1.9 NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... 36,205 33,159 50,806 53,792 48,733 NA 9.2 −7.2 NA

Metallurgical ................ 31,612 27,627 35,353 35,891 29,995 NA 14.4 1.3 NA

Steam ........................... 4,593 5,532 15,453 17,900 18,739 NA −17.0 −29.6 NA

Canada Total .................... 5,644 4,108 8,911 7,464 6,992 NA 37.4 −5.2 NA

Metallurgical ................ 5,605 4,071 8,021 7,351 5,067 NA 37.7 2.6 NA

Steam ........................... 40 37 890 113 1,925 NA 7.8 −62.1 NA 3 Overseas Total ................ 30,561 29,052 41,895 46,328 41,741 NA 5.2 −7.5 NA

Metallurgical ................ 26,008 23,556 27,332 28,540 24,928 NA 10.4 1.1 NA

Steam ........................... 4,553 5,495 14,564 17,787 16,813 NA −17.1 −27.9 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 34,767 32,046 32,019 31,843 34,896 34,907 8.5 −.1 *

Electric Utility ....................... 30,318 27,782 28,050 27,557 29,873 31,367 9.1 .4 −.4

Industrial ............................... 2,637 2,406 2,266 2,310 2,918 2,086 9.6 −2.5 2.6

Coke ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ..... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total ........ w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ....................... 4,479 4,001 7,863 7,707 6,874 5,453 11.9 −10.1 −2.2

All Other ............................... w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $27.42 $27.58 $28.15 $28.62 $28.62 $33.47 −.6 −1.1 −2.2

Underground ........................ 27.93 28.54 29.14 29.63 29.75 34.31 −2.1 −1.6 −2.3

Surface ................................. 26.29 25.57 25.72 26.08 25.55 29.78 2.8 .7 −1.4

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... 34.70 35.42 36.88 37.93 36.66 39.81 −2.0 −1.4 −1.5

Industrial ............................... 32.73 32.91 31.93 32.08 31.88 35.32 −.5 .6 −.8

Coke ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

212 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table A16. Wyoming Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 6,999,460 6,830,720 6,750,718 6,336,075 6,563,528 6,693,133 2.5 1.6 0.5

 1 Productive Capacity ............. 321,046 277,875 253,312 250,251 NA 147,439 15.5 NA 9.0

Production Total ..................... 237,092 210,129 190,172 193,854 184,249 140,711 12.8 6.5 6.0

Underground ........................ 2,735 2,136 2,511 2,418 1,722 1,058 28.0 12.3 11.1

Surface ................................. 234,357 207,993 187,661 191,437 182,527 139,653 12.7 6.4 5.9 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 73.85 75.62 75.07 77.46 NA 95.44 −2.3 NA −2.8

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 29.5 32.5 35.5 32.7 35.6 47.6 −9.2 −4.6 −5.2

Number of Miners .................. 3,291 3,159 3,326 3,301 3,330 4,444 4.2 −.3 −3.3 2 Productivity Total .................. 26.05 24.46 21.50 21.87 21.41 14.34 6.5 5.0 6.9

Underground ........................ 5.07 3.56 4.19 4.17 2.80 1.90 42.4 16.0 11.5

Surface ................................. 27.37 26.03 22.76 23.11 22.84 15.09 5.1 4.6 6.8

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,592 998 2,794 2,918 3,185 − 59.4 −15.9 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total .................... 235,540 211,713 190,260 194,407 184,386 NA 11.3 6.3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total 234,016 210,739 188,983 193,425 183,712 NA 11.0 6.2 NA

Within State ...................... 28,334 25,519 26,388 25,284 25,387 NA 11.0 2.8 NA

To Other States ................ 205,682 185,220 162,595 168,141 158,325 NA 11.0 6.8 NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... 1,524 974 1,277 982 674 NA 56.5 22.6 NA

Steam ........................... 1,524 974 1,277 982 674 NA 56.5 22.6 NA

Canada Total .................... −−− 20 62 NA − − NA

Steam ........................... −−− 20 62 NA − − NA 3 Overseas Total ................ 1,524 974 1,277 962 612 NA 56.5 25.6 NA

Steam ........................... 1,524 974 1,277 962 612 NA 56.5 25.6 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 27,459 26,171 27,339 25,150 25,514 23,155 4.9 1.8 1.9

Electric Utility ....................... 25,350 24,111 25,114 23,115 23,526 21,173 5.1 1.9 2.0

Industrial ............................... 1,867 1,873 2,126 1,896 1,857 w −.3 .1 w

Residential/Commercial ..... 242 187 99 138 w w 29.3 w w

Consumer Stocks Total ........ 2,553 1,841 2,242 2,835 3,293 w 38.6 −6.2 w

Electric Utility ....................... 2,476 1,728 2,153 2,767 3,215 4,022 43.3 −6.3 −5.2

All Other ............................... 77 113 89 68 78 w −32.1 −.3 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $6.83 $7.32 $8.14 $8.09 $8.43 $11.36 −6.7 −5.1 −5.5

Underground ........................ w w w w w w w w w

Surface ................................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... $14.09 $14.03 $13.42 $14.55 $14.74 $16.10 .4 −1.1 −1.5

Industrial ............................... 22.87 23.43 23.67 25.19 24.91 w −2.4 −2.1 w

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 213 
Table A17. All Other States Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 476,538 506,419 514,739 577,615 588,588 864,482 −5.9 −5.1 −6.4 1 Productive Capacity ............. 23,451 23,567 28,144 29,465 NA 30,625 −.5 NA −2.9

Production Total ..................... 19,672 18,848 22,284 22,807 25,140 26,921 4.4 −5.9 −3.4

Underground ........................ 4,880 4,523 4,367 5,717 6,617 7,089 7.9 −7.3 −4.1

Surface ................................. 14,792 14,325 17,917 17,089 18,523 19,832 3.3 −5.5 −3.2 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 83.52 79.48 78.65 76.94 NA 87.91 5.1 NA −.6

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 24.2 26.9 23.1 25.3 23.4 32.1 −9.8 .8 −3.1

Number of Miners .................. 2,373 2,478 2,918 3,539 4,297 6,682 −4.2 −13.8 −10.9 2 Productivity Total .................. 3.82 3.59 3.40 3.09 2.84 2.09 6.5 7.7 6.9

Underground ........................ 2.86 3.05 2.40 2.27 1.95 1.67 −6.2 10.0 6.1

Surface ................................. 4.30 3.80 3.78 3.52 3.39 2.29 13.1 6.1 7.2

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 598 297 289 612 580 − 101.2 .8 − 3 Imports ................................... 5,291 4,571 1,779 1,967 1,366 1,270 15.7 40.3 17.2

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total .................... 398,435 374,259 415,136 411,964 434,912 NA 6.5 −2.2 NA

Domestic Distribution Total 17,767 17,914 20,654 21,561 23,417 NA −.8 −6.7 NA

Within State ...................... 25 100 143 106 142 NA −75.2 −35.4 NA

To Other States ................ 17,743 17,814 20,511 21,454 23,276 NA −.4 −6.6 NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... 1,046 1,142 1,250 1,083 1,651 NA −8.5 −10.8 NA

Metallurgical ................ 109 51 − * * NA 114.8 NM NA

Steam ........................... 937 1,092 1,250 1,083 1,651 NA −14.2 −13.2 NA

Canada Total .................... 3 1 − 23 * NA 275.7 70.3 NA

Steam ........................... 3 1 − 23 * NA 275.7 70.3 NA 4 Overseas Total ................ 1,042 1,142 1,250 1,060 1,650 NA −8.7 −10.8 NA

Metallurgical ................ 109 51 − * * NA 114.8 NM NA

Steam ........................... 934 1,091 1,250 1,060 1,650 NA −14.4 −13.3 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 371,817 365,045 350,253 351,883 354,565 324,102 1.8 1.2 1.5

Electric Utility ....................... 334,773 329,279 315,259 314,762 315,146 282,955 1.7 1.5 1.9

Industrial ............................... 31,795 31,970 31,728 31,954 33,065 31,416 −.5 −1.0 .1

Coke ..................................... 2,723 1,243 1,148 2,806 3,740 6,358 119.0 −7.6 −9.0

Residential/Commercial ..... 2,526 2,552 2,119 2,360 2,614 3,374 −1.0 −.8 −3.2

Consumer Stocks Total ........ 57,506 48,850 68,257 71,836 71,991 75,746 17.7 −5.5 −3.0

Electric Utility ....................... 53,253 45,411 64,006 67,654 66,880 69,671 17.3 −5.5 −2.9

All Other ............................... 4,252 3,439 4,251 4,182 5,111 6,075 23.7 −4.5 −3.9

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $23.19 $23.14 $24.39 $25.57 $25.18 $27.73 .2 −2.0 −2.0

Underground ........................ 26.97 26.72 27.26 26.50 28.25 29.61 .9 −1.1 −1.0

Surface ................................. 21.94 22.02 23.69 25.26 24.09 27.05 −.3 −2.3 −2.3

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... 29.70 30.68 31.79 32.31 33.18 38.14 −3.2 −2.7 −2.7

Industrial ............................... 38.72 38.95 39.35 39.70 40.30 44.32 −.6 −1.0 −1.5

Coke ..................................... 50.89 58.19 53.10 56.62 53.79 56.30 −12.5 −1.4 −1.1

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Imports for 1992 through 1994 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1985 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities. 4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500. NA Not available.

Notes: Other States include Alaska, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Washington. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

214 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table A18. Total U.S. Coal Statistics, 1985, 1990-1994

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves .......... 21,016,526 21,535,283 21,626,971 21,998,540 22,761,328 25,145,997 −2.4 −2.0 −2.0 1 Productive Capacity ............. 1,320,656 1,261,873 1,241,054 1,248,479 NA 968,614 4.6 NA 3.5

Production Total ..................... 1,033,504 945,424 997,545 995,984 1,029,076 878,540 9.3 .1 1.8

Underground ........................ 399,103 351,053 407,239 407,225 424,546 348,795 13.7 −1.5 1.5

Surface ................................. 634,401 594,371 590,306 588,759 604,529 529,746 6.7 1.2 2.0 2 Capacity Utilization ............... 78.11 74.77 80.20 79.58 NA 90.70 4.5 NA −1.6

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production ........ 20.3 22.8 21.7 22.1 22.1 28.6 −10.7 −2.1 −3.7

Number of Miners .................. 97,500 101,322 110,196 120,602 131,310 169,281 −3.8 −7.2 −5.9 2 Productivity Total .................. 4.98 4.70 4.36 4.09 3.83 2.74 5.9 6.8 6.8

Underground ........................ 3.19 2.95 2.93 2.69 2.54 1.78 8.2 5.9 6.7

Surface ................................. 7.67 7.23 6.59 6.38 5.94 4.24 6.0 6.6 6.8

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 33,219 25,284 33,993 32,971 33,418 34,090 31.4 −.1 −.3 3 Imports ................................... 6,599 5,496 1,973 1,967 1,366 1,299 20.1 48.2 19.8

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total .................... 1,022,523 959,445 998,647 994,146 1,023,935 NA 6.6 * NA

Domestic Distribution Total 949,843 883,934 897,267 885,882 919,589 NA 7.5 .8 NA

Within State ...................... 353,765 339,034 355,232 345,486 365,065 NA 4.3 −.8 NA

To Other States ................ 596,078 544,900 542,035 540,395 554,524 NA 9.4 1.8 NA

Foreign Distribution Total ... 72,680 75,510 101,380 108,264 104,346 NA −3.8 −8.6 NA

Metallurgical ................ 51,307 52,369 62,013 63,003 62,496 NA −2.0 −4.8 NA

Steam ........................... 21,374 23,141 39,367 45,261 41,849 NA −7.6 −15.5 NA

Canada Total .................... 8,467 7,751 13,919 12,828 13,189 NA 9.2 −10.5 NA

Metallurgical ................ 7,464 6,666 9,394 8,483 6,215 NA 12.0 4.7 NA

Steam ........................... 1,003 1,085 4,525 4,345 6,975 NA −7.6 −38.4 NA 4 Overseas Total ................ 64,214 67,759 87,461 95,436 91,156 NA −5.2 −8.4 NA

Metallurgical ................ 43,843 45,703 52,619 54,520 56,282 NA −4.1 −6.0 NA

Steam ........................... 20,371 22,057 34,842 40,916 34,875 NA −7.6 −12.6 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ................ 930,201 925,944 892,421 887,621 895,480 818,049 .4 .9 1.4

Electric Utility ....................... 817,270 813,508 779,860 772,268 773,549 693,841 .5 1.4 1.8

Industrial ............................... 75,179 74,892 74,042 75,405 76,330 75,372 .4 −.4 *

Coke ..................................... 31,740 31,323 32,366 33,854 38,877 41,056 1.3 −4.9 −2.8

Residential/Commercial ..... 6,013 6,221 6,153 6,094 6,724 7,779 −3.3 −2.8 −2.8

Consumer Stocks Total ........ 136,139 120,458 163,692 167,711 168,210 170,234 13.0 −5.1 −2.4

Electric Utility ....................... 126,897 111,341 154,130 157,876 156,166 156,376 14.0 −5.0 −2.3

All Other ............................... 9,243 9,117 9,562 9,835 12,044 13,857 1.4 −6.4 −4.4

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ............................... $19.41 $19.85 $21.03 $21.49 $21.76 $25.20 −2.2 −2.8 −2.9

Underground ........................ 26.39 26.92 27.83 28.56 28.58 32.91 −2.0 −2.0 −2.4

Surface ................................. 15.02 15.67 16.34 16.60 16.98 20.13 −4.1 −3.0 −3.2

Consumer

Electric Utility ....................... 28.03 28.58 29.36 30.02 30.45 34.53 −1.9 −2.0 −2.3

Industrial ............................... 32.55 32.23 32.78 33.54 33.59 37.21 1.0 −.8 −1.5

Coke ..................................... 46.56 47.44 47.92 48.88 47.73 54.33 −1.9 −.6 −1.7

1 For 1985, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 3 Imports for 1992 through 1994 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1985 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities. 4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 215
Appendix B

Metric Tables

In response to requests from international users of

U.S. coal statistics, certain summary data have been

converted from the customary short tons to metric.

This enables U.S. statistics to be compared with data

published by countries using the metric system. The

conversion to metric tons is made by multiplying

short tons by 0.907185.

The data converted to metric tons are from Tables

ES3, 1, 15, 24, 34, 48, 67, 68, 76, 80, 92, 94, 96, 98,

and 99.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 219 
Table B1. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and

Stocks, 1985, 1990-1994

(Million Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Activity 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Production ........................................ 938 858 905 904 934 797 9.3 0.1 1.8

Imports ............................................. 7 7 3 3 2 2 3.8 29.5 16.3

 1 Producer and Distributor Stocks . 30 23 31 30 30 31 31.4 −.1 −.3

Consumption ................................... 844 840 810 805 812 742 .4 .9 1.4

Exports ............................................. 65 68 93 99 96 84 −4.2 −9.4 −2.9 1 Consumer Stocks .......................... 124 109 148 152 153 154 13.0 −5.1 −2.4

1 Reported as of the last day of the quarter.

Note: Consumption does not include coal consumed by independent power producers.

Sources: • Production: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and

Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report’’; and State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports. • Imports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’• Producer and Distributor Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’• Exports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

• Consumption and Consumer Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing

Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

220 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table B2. Coal Production by State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... 21,106 22,469 23,401 24,738 26,335 25,115 −6.1 −5.4 −1.9

Alaska .............................................. 1,422 1,452 1,392 1,303 1,548 1,300 −2.1 −2.1 1.0

Arizona ............................................. 11,844 11,043 11,351 11,977 10,254 8,731 7.3 3.7 3.4

Arkansas .......................................... 46 40 53 47 53 62 14.6 −3.6 −3.2

California .......................................... − − 94 51 55 65 −− −

Colorado .......................................... 22,955 19,854 17,442 16,179 17,155 15,605 15.6 7.5 4.4

Illinois ............................................... 47,896 37,283 54,301 54,665 54,787 53,706 28.5 −3.3 −1.3

Indiana ............................................. 28,057 26,576 27,639 28,547 32,574 30,204 5.6 −3.7 −.8

Iowa .................................................. 42 159 262 312 346 536 −73.6 −41.0 −24.7

Kansas ............................................. 258 310 329 377 654 902 −16.6 −20.7 −13.0

Kentucky Total ................................ 146,639 141,792 146,119 144,224 157,235 136,013 3.4 −1.7 .8

Eastern .......................................... 112,897 109,036 108,302 106,340 116,479 100,706 3.5 −.8 1.3

Western ......................................... 33,742 32,756 37,817 37,884 40,756 35,307 3.0 −4.6 −.5

Louisiana .......................................... 3,141 2,843 2,939 2,858 2,890 188 10.5 2.1 36.8

Maryland .......................................... 3,295 3,044 3,031 3,423 3,163 2,634 8.3 1.0 2.5

Missouri ............................................ 761 592 2,618 2,090 2,401 5,045 28.4 −25.0 −19.0

Montana ........................................... 37,775 32,583 35,280 34,688 34,125 30,197 15.9 2.6 2.5

New Mexico ..................................... 25,438 25,644 22,270 19,520 22,038 20,142 −.8 3.6 2.6

North Dakota ................................... 29,289 29,005 28,797 26,790 26,502 24,377 1.0 2.5 2.1

Ohio .................................................. 27,122 26,141 27,581 27,732 31,980 32,124 3.8 −4.0 −1.9

Oklahoma ........................................ 1,733 1,595 1,580 1,670 1,540 3,008 8.7 3.0 −5.9

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 56,460 54,159 62,578 59,313 63,969 63,785 4.2 −3.1 −1.3

Anthracite ...................................... 4,192 3,906 3,160 3,125 3,181 3,884 7.3 7.1 .8

Bituminous .................................... 52,268 50,253 59,419 56,188 60,788 59,901 4.0 −3.7 −1.5

Tennessee ....................................... 2,709 2,764 3,154 3,892 5,618 6,658 −2.0 −16.7 −9.5

Texas ................................................ 47,488 49,502 49,960 48,829 50,580 41,240 −4.1 −1.6 1.6

Utah .................................................. 22,135 19,819 19,359 19,908 20,011 11,590 11.7 2.5 7.4

Virginia ............................................. 33,683 35,668 39,030 38,060 42,562 36,769 −5.6 −5.7 −1.0

Washington ...................................... 4,439 4,300 4,764 4,666 4,537 4,026 3.2 −.5 1.1

West Virginia Total ......................... 146,760 118,411 147,112 151,819 153,500 115,326 23.9 −1.1 2.7

Northern ........................................ 44,739 30,665 45,379 47,314 51,384 45,196 45.9 −3.4 −.1

Southern ........................................ 102,022 87,746 101,734 104,504 102,116 70,130 16.3 * 4.3

Wyoming .......................................... 215,086 190,626 172,522 175,862 167,148 127,651 12.8 6.5 6.0

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 404,033 371,690 414,189 415,317 443,607 383,118 8.7 −2.3 .6 1 Interior Total ................................ 163,164 151,658 177,499 177,280 186,582 170,197 7.6 −3.3 −.5 1 Western Total ............................... 370,382 334,327 313,270 310,945 303,373 243,683 10.8 5.1 4.8

East of Miss. River ....................... 513,729 468,306 533,946 536,413 571,724 502,335 9.7 −2.6 .2

West of Miss. River ...................... 423,851 389,369 371,012 367,129 361,838 294,663 8.8 4.0 4.1

U.S. Total ........................................ 937,580 857,675 904,958 903,542 933,562 796,999 9.3 .1 1.8

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 221 
Table B3. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... 29,982 25,325 27,048 27,392 NA 28,938 18.4 NA 0.4

Alaska .............................................. w w w w NA w w NA w

Arizona ............................................. w w w w NA w w NA w

Arkansas .......................................... w w w w NA w w NA w

California .......................................... − − w w NA w w NA −

Colorado .......................................... 28,191 27,252 23,449 21,403 NA 17,234 3.4 NA 5.6

Illinois ............................................... 62,971 62,886 68,753 68,683 NA 60,708 .1 NA .4

Indiana ............................................. 35,318 39,875 39,000 40,964 NA 32,756 −11.4 NA .8

Iowa .................................................. w w w w NA 628 w NA w

Kansas ............................................. w w w w NA 1,258 w NA w

Kentucky Total ................................ 193,618 185,796 177,220 180,786 NA 150,863 4.2 NA 2.8

Eastern .......................................... 146,720 142,717 135,212 132,040 NA 110,165 2.8 NA 3.2

Western ......................................... 46,897 43,079 42,008 48,747 NA 40,698 8.9 NA 1.6

Louisiana .......................................... w w w w NA w w NA w

Maryland .......................................... 3,930 3,563 3,539 3,854 NA 3,015 10.3 NA 3.0

Missouri ............................................ 1,097 w w w NA 5,337 w NA −16.1

Montana ........................................... 46,361 46,129 44,073 44,093 NA 31,527 .5 NA 4.4

New Mexico ..................................... 29,762 30,264 26,773 25,571 NA 22,007 −1.6 NA 3.4

North Dakota ................................... 32,586 32,995 33,553 32,637 NA 26,569 −1.2 NA 2.3

Ohio .................................................. 39,848 38,315 37,493 42,997 NA 37,937 4.0 NA .5

Oklahoma ........................................ 2,042 2,197 2,256 2,112 NA 3,437 −7.0 NA −5.6

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 73,460 74,524 75,267 72,954 NA 73,557 −1.4 NA *

Anthracite ...................................... 5,240 5,267 3,758 3,668 NA 4,271 −.5 NA 2.3

Bituminous .................................... 68,220 69,256 71,509 69,286 NA 69,285 −1.5 NA −.2

Tennessee ....................................... 3,092 3,414 3,567 4,680 NA 7,113 −9.4 NA −8.8

Texas ................................................ 50,672 51,814 53,108 54,049 NA 43,381 −2.2 NA 1.7

Utah .................................................. 25,075 23,526 23,164 23,117 NA 14,846 6.6 NA 6.0

Virginia ............................................. 42,150 46,156 49,415 50,141 NA 41,324 −8.7 NA .2

Washington ...................................... w w w w NA w w NA w

West Virginia Total ......................... 182,964 173,913 179,697 181,541 NA 126,578 5.2 NA 4.2

Northern ........................................ 53,792 54,445 56,981 58,710 NA 49,377 −1.2 NA .9

Southern ........................................ 129,172 119,468 122,716 122,831 NA 77,201 8.1 NA 5.9

Wyoming .......................................... 291,248 252,084 229,801 227,024 NA 133,754 15.5 NA 9.0

 2 Appalachian Total ....................... 522,147 507,927 511,239 515,599 NA 428,626 2.8 NA 2.2

 2 Interior Total ................................ 203,116 204,968 213,225 222,702 NA 189,322 −.9 NA .8 2 Western Total ............................... 472,817 431,858 401,401 394,300 NA 260,764 9.5 NA 6.8

East of Miss. River ....................... 667,333 653,767 661,000 673,992 NA 562,789 2.1 NA 1.9

West of Miss. River ...................... 530,746 490,986 464,865 458,609 NA 315,923 8.1 NA 5.9

U.S. Total ........................................ 1,198,079 1,144,753 1,125,866 1,132,601 NA 878,712 4.6 NA 3.5

1 For 1985, Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1985, each mine’s daily productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are

not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

222 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table B4. Recoverable Coal Reserves by State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Million Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... 415 387 424 427 444 546 7.1 −1.7 −3.0

Alaska .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

California .......................................... − − w w w ww w w

Colorado .......................................... 614 552 552 560 496 580 11.1 5.5 .6

Illinois ............................................... 874 965 1,088 1,140 1,065 1,443 −9.4 −4.8 −5.4

Indiana ............................................. 276 344 367 381 403 492 −19.8 −9.0 −6.2

Iowa .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kansas ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kentucky Total ................................ 1,238 1,658 1,318 1,481 1,438 1,603 −25.3 −3.7 −2.8

Eastern .......................................... 734 1,222 866 983 902 1,056 −40.0 −5.0 −4.0

Western ......................................... 505 436 452 497 536 547 15.7 −1.5 −.9

Louisiana .......................................... w w w w w 137 w w w

Maryland .......................................... 80 60 53 78 77 56 34.1 1.0 4.0

Missouri ............................................ 11 w w w w w w w w

Montana ........................................... 1,163 1,166 1,226 1,264 1,699 1,598 −.2 −9.0 −3.5

New Mexico ..................................... 1,322 1,336 1,356 1,459 1,385 1,364 −1.0 −1.1 −.3

North Dakota ................................... 1,537 1,280 1,211 1,257 1,283 1,478 20.1 4.6 .4

Ohio .................................................. 435 472 523 536 628 752 −7.8 −8.8 −5.9

Oklahoma ........................................ 39 42 44 36 34 67 −6.7 3.2 −5.8

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 828 852 850 894 1,022 1,346 −2.8 −5.1 −5.3

Anthracite ...................................... 34 59 64 69 70 80 −42.1 −16.2 −9.0

Bituminous .................................... 794 793 787 825 952 1,266 .1 −4.4 −5.0

Tennessee ....................................... 38 27 39 51 57 102 42.7 −9.6 −10.3

Texas ................................................ 931 1,002 1,078 1,111 1,097 997 −7.1 −4.0 −.8

Utah .................................................. 384 405 443 462 458 506 −5.2 −4.3 −3.0

Virginia ............................................. 215 305 332 374 384 522 −29.5 −13.5 −9.4

Washington ...................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total ......................... 1,660 1,752 1,853 1,925 1,919 2,483 −5.2 −3.6 −4.4

Northern ........................................ 781 747 871 939 924 1,213 4.5 −4.1 −4.8

Southern ........................................ 879 1,005 982 986 995 1,271 −12.5 −3.1 −4.0

Wyoming .......................................... 6,350 6,197 6,124 5,748 5,954 6,072 2.5 1.6 .5

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 4,404 5,076 4,941 5,268 5,433 6,864 −13.2 −5.1 −4.8 1 Interior Total ................................ 2,784 2,994 3,228 3,370 3,340 3,913 −7.0 −4.4 −3.7 1 Western Total ............................... 11,878 11,466 11,450 11,319 11,876 12,036 3.6 * −.1

East of Miss. River ....................... 6,059 6,822 6,848 7,286 7,437 9,346 −11.2 −5.0 −4.7

West of Miss. River ...................... 13,007 12,715 12,772 12,671 13,212 13,466 2.3 −.4 −.4

U.S. Total ........................................ 19,066 19,536 19,620 19,957 20,649 22,812 −2.4 −2.0 −2.0

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short

tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 223 
Table B5. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1985, 1990-1994

(Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change of Origin 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

North America Total .................... 1,137,082 955,786 926,102 848,646 888,336 366,903 19.0 6.4 13.4

Canada .......................................... 1,136,881 953,696 926,102 848,646 882,708 366,903 19.2 6.5 13.4

Guatemala .................................... − 4 − − − − −100.0 − −

Mexico ........................................... 201 2,086 − − 5,628 − −90.4 −56.5 −

South America Total .................... 4,463,532 4,912,696 2,088,277 2,192,038 1,534,039 539,005 −9.1 30.6 26.5

Colombia ....................................... 3,075,043 3,734,915 1,599,502 1,706,814 1,295,594 539,005 −17.7 24.1 21.3

Venezuela ..................................... 1,388,489 1,177,781 488,775 485,224 238,445 − 17.9 55.3 −

Europe Total .................................. 36 56 81 5 4,892 5,455 −35.7 −70.7 −42.8

Czechoslovakia ............................ − − − 5 − −− − −

Denmark ........................................ − 54 − − 118 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Germany ........................................ − − − − 1 39 − −100.0 −100.0

Italy ................................................ − − − − − 7 − −−100.0

Netherlands .................................. − − − − − 5,381 − −−100.0

Norway .......................................... − − − − 42 28 − −100.0 −100.0

Poland ........................................... 36 2 − − − − NM − −

United Kingdom ........................... − − 81 − 4,731 −− −100.0 −

Asia Total ....................................... 1,046,493 642,359 338,513 6,254 2 10 62.9 NM 261.2

China (Mainland) .......................... 101 − 258 183 − −− − −

India ............................................... − − 60,014 − − −− − −

Indonesia ....................................... 1,025,543 642,359 229,779 6,025 − − 59.6 − −

Japan ............................................. 1 − − 1 2 10 − −15.9 −22.6

Malaysia ........................................ − − 48,461 − − −− − −

Thailand ........................................ − − − 45 − −− − −

Vietnam ......................................... 20,848 − − − − −− − −

Oceania & Australia Total .......... 91,002 95,664 91,613 28,219 21,586 35,302 −4.9 43.3 11.1

Australia ........................................ 83,646 90,787 91,613 28,219 21,586 35,302 −7.9 40.3 10.0

New Zealand ................................ 7,356 4,877 −−−− 50.8 − −

Africa Total .................................... 141,931 23,967 5,227 − − 824,528 492.2 − −17.8

Gabon ............................................ − − − − − 171 − −−100.0

Nigeria ........................................... − − − − − 2 − −−100.0

South Africa, Rep of .................... 135,849 18,433 5,227 − − 824,355 NM − −18.1

Swaziland ...................................... 6,082 5,534 −−−− 9.9 − −

Total ................................................. 6,880,076 6,630,528 3,449,813 3,075,162 2,448,855 1,771,203 3.8 29.5 16.3

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500.

Note: Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

224 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table B6. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Metric Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... 2.04 2.14 2.26 1.97 2.02 1.54 −4.3 0.2 3.2

Alaska .............................................. 6.30 6.71 6.29 6.19 7.67 5.63 −6.2 −4.8 1.3

Arizona ............................................. 6.08 5.63 5.71 6.03 5.38 5.92 8.0 3.1 .3

Arkansas .......................................... 1.38 1.26 1.52 2.06 1.33 1.63 9.9 1.0 −1.8

California .......................................... − − 10.09 10.26 16.04 3.84 −− −

Colorado .......................................... 5.62 5.30 4.78 4.58 3.84 2.99 6.0 10.0 7.3

Illinois ............................................... 3.26 2.93 3.10 2.89 2.66 1.95 11.3 5.2 5.9

Indiana ............................................. 3.88 4.04 3.71 3.65 3.48 2.59 −4.0 2.7 4.6

Iowa .................................................. 1.38 .65 1.03 1.17 1.31 1.61 111.6 1.2 −1.7

Kansas ............................................. 1.75 2.09 2.00 1.95 1.84 2.22 −16.1 −1.3 −2.6

Kentucky Total ................................ 2.95 2.94 2.90 2.73 2.57 2.02 .1 3.5 4.3

Eastern .......................................... 2.94 2.88 2.82 2.63 2.41 1.93 1.9 5.1 4.8

Western ......................................... 2.97 3.16 3.17 3.05 3.14 2.34 −5.9 −1.3 2.7

Louisiana .......................................... 11.79 11.02 11.27 11.40 11.94 2.12 7.1 −.3 21.0

Maryland .......................................... 3.34 3.10 2.64 2.82 2.66 2.24 7.9 5.9 4.6

Missouri ............................................ 3.26 1.67 2.81 2.44 2.71 2.07 95.0 4.6 5.2

Montana ........................................... 19.89 17.68 18.29 17.23 17.04 13.36 12.5 3.9 4.5

New Mexico ..................................... 6.14 6.06 6.06 5.67 6.93 4.93 1.4 −3.0 2.5

North Dakota ................................... 17.09 16.02 16.43 16.00 14.62 10.34 6.6 4.0 5.7

Ohio .................................................. 3.10 3.14 2.76 2.43 2.54 1.83 −1.3 5.1 6.0

Oklahoma ........................................ 2.43 2.54 1.97 2.08 1.89 1.57 −4.4 6.5 4.9

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 2.71 2.54 2.43 2.21 2.03 1.50 6.5 7.4 6.8

Anthracite ...................................... 1.75 1.68 1.21 1.26 .93 .96 4.4 17.1 6.9

Bituminous .................................... 2.82 2.64 2.55 2.29 2.15 1.55 6.9 7.0 6.8

Tennessee ....................................... 2.03 2.24 1.98 1.71 1.65 1.37 −9.6 5.3 4.4

Texas ................................................ 8.00 7.63 6.66 6.50 6.78 5.68 4.8 4.2 3.9

Utah .................................................. 5.98 5.41 4.96 4.35 4.30 2.54 10.5 8.6 10.0

Virginia ............................................. 2.28 2.18 2.15 2.02 2.03 1.64 4.1 2.9 3.7

Washington ...................................... 3.73 3.62 4.09 3.60 3.09 2.86 2.8 4.8 3.0

West Virginia Total ......................... 3.35 2.97 2.97 2.82 2.69 1.77 12.7 5.6 7.3

Northern ........................................ 3.29 2.70 2.88 2.57 2.44 1.91 21.7 7.7 6.2

Southern ........................................ 3.37 3.07 3.01 2.95 2.83 1.69 9.7 4.5 8.0

Wyoming .......................................... 23.63 22.19 19.50 19.84 19.42 13.01 6.5 5.0 6.9

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 2.90 2.73 2.67 2.48 2.36 1.72 6.4 5.3 5.9

 1 Interior Total ................................ 4.02 4.01 3.79 3.61 3.52 2.54 .1 3.3 5.2

 1 Western Total ............................... 13.23 12.27 11.55 11.27 10.72 7.76 7.8 5.4 6.1

East of Miss. River ....................... 2.98 2.82 2.78 2.60 2.48 1.82 5.5 4.7 5.6

West of Miss. River ...................... 11.99 11.01 10.01 9.79 9.44 6.71 8.9 6.2 6.7

U.S. Total ........................................ 4.51 4.26 3.96 3.71 3.47 2.49 5.9 6.8 6.8

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 225 
Table B7. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

New England Total ....................... 5,945 5,883 6,620 6,361 6,143 6,138 1.0 −0.8 −0.3

Connecticut ................................... 782 715 770 777 881 740 9.4 −2.9 .6

Maine ............................................. 421 407 777 339 240 187 3.4 15.0 9.5

Massachusetts ............................. 3,567 3,457 3,862 4,038 3,934 3,788 3.2 −2.4 −.7

New Hampshire ............................ 1,167 1,295 1,189 1,193 1,076 1,344 −9.9 2.0 −1.5

Rhode Island ................................ 3 3 4 4 5 8 .9 −10.9 −10.1

Vermont ......................................... 4 5 18 11 7 72 −15.9 −11.5 −26.7

Middle Atlantic Total ................... 61,268 63,856 64,790 64,042 66,961 65,716 −4.0 −2.2 −.8

New Jersey ................................... 1,786 2,135 2,130 2,110 2,747 3,577 −16.3 −10.2 −7.4

New York ...................................... 10,409 10,776 11,790 12,100 12,215 10,835 −3.4 −3.9 −.4

Pennsylvania ................................. 49,073 50,945 50,870 49,832 51,999 51,304 −3.7 −1.4 −.5

East North Central Total ............. 193,401 191,082 182,035 189,223 190,163 181,164 1.2 .4 .7

Illinois ............................................. 35,450 34,595 28,667 31,459 30,757 34,111 2.5 3.6 .4

Indiana ........................................... 54,427 54,751 53,310 55,148 55,974 48,345 −.6 −.7 1.3

Michigan ........................................ 32,363 29,226 28,626 30,734 31,491 29,751 10.7 .7 .9

Ohio ............................................... 51,447 53,552 53,225 53,141 53,710 52,598 −3.9 −1.1 −.2

Wisconsin ...................................... 19,714 18,957 18,208 18,741 18,231 16,360 4.0 2.0 2.1

West North Central Total ........... 113,935 109,715 104,785 105,875 105,477 89,674 3.8 1.9 2.7

Iowa ............................................... 17,546 17,407 16,322 17,001 16,265 13,011 .8 1.9 3.4

Kansas .......................................... 15,566 15,772 12,906 13,500 13,766 13,349 −1.3 3.1 1.7

Minnesota ..................................... 16,991 16,620 15,354 15,416 16,672 11,561 2.2 .5 4.4

Missouri ......................................... 25,096 21,211 22,843 23,381 23,438 22,438 18.3 1.7 1.3

Nebraska ....................................... 8,437 8,769 7,450 8,037 7,499 6,035 −3.8 3.0 3.8

North Dakota ................................ 27,545 27,490 27,488 25,943 25,505 20,828 .2 1.9 3.1

South Dakota ............................... 2,754 2,445 2,422 2,598 2,332 2,452 12.6 4.3 1.3

South Atlantic Total ..................... 137,833 136,604 130,796 130,701 135,583 128,107 .9 .4 .8

Delaware ....................................... 2,020 2,219 1,605 1,983 2,080 2,509 −9.0 −.7 −2.4

District of Columbia ..................... 43 46 46 60 63 127 −8.5 −9.4 −11.5

Florida ........................................... 23,661 23,977 23,921 23,590 22,891 17,513 −1.3 .8 3.4

Georgia .......................................... 26,539 24,567 23,116 24,455 27,276 27,123 8.0 −.7 −.2

Maryland ....................................... 9,518 9,315 8,811 9,715 10,154 9,083 2.2 −1.6 .5

North Carolina .............................. 21,121 23,369 21,840 18,940 19,187 20,005 −9.6 2.4 .6

South Carolina .............................. 11,787 11,715 10,238 10,388 10,385 9,506 .6 3.2 2.4

Virginia ........................................... 11,605 12,323 12,173 12,682 11,888 10,574 −5.8 −.6 1.0

West Virginia ................................ 31,540 29,072 29,047 28,887 31,658 31,667 8.5 −.1 *

East South Central Total ............ 90,074 94,371 85,097 82,359 82,668 79,545 −4.5 2.2 1.4

Alabama ........................................ 28,552 29,980 28,585 26,625 25,074 24,556 −4.8 3.3 1.7

Kentucky ....................................... 34,555 35,467 31,483 31,313 31,251 28,114 −2.6 2.5 2.3

Mississippi ..................................... 3,887 3,656 3,161 3,458 3,773 4,099 6.3 .8 −.6

Tennessee .................................... 23,079 25,268 21,868 20,962 22,569 22,775 −8.7 .5 .1

West South Central Total ........... 125,419 127,729 122,660 121,232 119,275 102,075 −1.8 1.3 2.3

Arkansas ....................................... 11,427 10,384 11,374 11,123 10,970 11,505 10.0 1.0 −.1

Louisiana ....................................... 12,791 12,407 12,405 11,762 11,383 8,362 3.1 2.9 4.8

Oklahoma ...................................... 16,080 17,115 15,812 14,828 13,992 12,340 −6.0 3.5 3.0

Texas ............................................. 85,121 87,823 83,069 83,519 82,931 69,869 −3.1 .6 2.2

Mountain Total .............................. 104,957 100,401 101,752 95,415 97,212 81,094 4.5 1.9 2.9

Arizona .......................................... 17,763 17,228 16,252 15,245 14,895 14,845 3.1 4.5 2.0

Colorado ........................................ 15,853 15,485 15,146 14,713 15,159 13,828 2.4 1.1 1.5

Idaho .............................................. 484 479 485 610 498 441 1.0 −.7 1.0

Montana ........................................ 10,060 8,389 10,015 9,570 8,778 5,183 19.9 3.5 7.6

Nevada .......................................... 7,229 7,081 7,338 7,340 6,751 5,025 2.1 1.7 4.1

New Mexico .................................. 13,947 13,619 13,455 11,664 13,709 13,235 2.4 .4 .6

Utah ............................................... 14,711 14,377 14,260 13,457 14,277 7,532 2.3 .8 7.7

Wyoming ....................................... 24,910 23,742 24,801 22,815 23,145 21,005 4.9 1.8 1.9

Pacific Total ................................... 11,034 10,362 11,055 10,029 8,884 8,100 6.5 5.6 3.5

Alaska ............................................ 722 783 718 728 711 665 −7.7 .4 .9

California ....................................... 2,266 2,226 2,559 2,554 2,630 1,762 1.8 −3.6 2.8

Hawaii ............................................ 78 66 42 33 25 41 17.6 32.4 7.3

Oregon .......................................... 2,249 1,904 1,927 1,760 848 537 18.1 27.6 17.2

Washington ................................... 5,718 5,383 5,808 4,954 4,669 5,095 6.2 5.2 1.3

U.S. Total ........................................ 843,865 840,003 809,591 805,236 812,366 742,121 .4 .9 1.4

* Data round to zero.

Note: U.S. Total does not include coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

226 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table B8. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State,

1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

New England Total ....................... 1,013 897 1,137 1,029 1,039 906 13.0 −0.6 1.2

Connecticut ................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ............................. w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ............................ w w w w w w w w w

Rhode Island ................................ − − − − w ww w w

Vermont ......................................... − − − − − ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total ................... 12,762 12,755 17,678 16,553 17,033 16,201 * −7.0 −2.6

New Jersey ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New York ...................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ................................. 10,940 11,127 14,493 14,104 13,994 13,393 −1.7 −6.0 −2.2

East North Central Total ............. 32,507 27,363 39,609 39,172 41,196 42,098 18.8 −5.8 −2.8

Illinois ............................................. w w w w w 7,109 w w w

Indiana ........................................... 10,620 7,074 11,347 10,330 11,091 11,675 50.1 −1.1 −1.0

Michigan ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Ohio ............................................... 7,090 6,922 9,801 9,632 9,499 8,824 2.4 −7.0 −2.4

Wisconsin ...................................... 3,118 2,896 w w w w 7.6 w w

West North Central Total ........... 16,072 13,515wwww 18.9 w w

Iowa ............................................... 3,790 3,465 4,406 4,657 4,463 4,547 9.4 −4.0 −2.0

Kansas .......................................... 2,380 1,836 2,503 3,012 3,395 3,241 29.6 −8.5 −3.4

Minnesota ..................................... 2,026 1,134 2,043 2,443 2,119 3,727 78.7 −1.1 −6.5

Missouri ......................................... 4,145 3,360wwww 23.4 w w

Nebraska ....................................... w w w w w 1,873 w w w

North Dakota ................................ w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota ............................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total ..................... 22,160 17,320 26,565 27,172 26,691 23,238 27.9 −4.5 −.5

Delaware ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida ........................................... 3,550 3,212 3,739 4,427 4,511 2,719 10.5 −5.8 3.0

Georgia .......................................... 4,394 2,655 4,387 4,916 5,175 4,844 65.5 −4.0 −1.1

Maryland ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Carolina .............................. 3,917 2,776 4,277 4,415 4,227 4,891 41.1 −1.9 −2.4

South Carolina .............................. 2,298 1,717 2,223 2,033 2,101 1,753 33.8 2.3 3.0

Virginia ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia ................................ w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total ............ 10,221 8,416 13,063 13,631 15,283 15,512 21.4 −9.6 −4.5

Alabama ........................................ 3,748 2,538 4,109 4,237 3,966 4,384 47.7 −1.4 −1.7

Kentucky ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Mississippi ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee .................................... 1,601 1,703wwww −6.0 w w

West South Central Total ........... 14,478 13,703 15,330 16,617 w 17,887 5.6 w −2.3

Arkansas ....................................... 1,612 1,706 1,444 1,964 1,574 2,329 −5.5 .6 −4.0

Louisiana ....................................... 1,744 1,814 1,592 2,087 2,271 w −3.9 −6.4 w

Oklahoma ...................................... 2,238 1,862 2,867 2,648 2,469 3,968 20.2 −2.4 −6.2

Texas ............................................. 8,884 8,320 9,427 9,917 w w 6.8 w w

Mountain Total .............................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona .......................................... 2,941 3,372 3,263 3,837 2,839 w −12.8 .9 w

Colorado ........................................ 2,853 3,133 3,120 3,163 3,025 w −8.9 −1.4 w

Idaho .............................................. 71 78 92 71 127 60 −9.5 −13.6 1.9

Montana ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Wyoming ....................................... 2,316 1,670 2,034 2,571 2,987 w 38.6 −6.2 w

Pacific Total ................................... w w w w w w w w w

Alaska ............................................ 2 4 5 7 w w −49.8 w w

California ....................................... 114 84 99 126 110 w 35.5 .8 w

Hawaii ............................................ w w w w w 16 w w w

Oregon .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Washington ................................... 516 416 667 1,083 1,250 361 24.0 −19.8 4.0

U.S. Total ........................................ 123,504 109,278 148,499 152,145 152,598 154,433 13.0 −5.1 −2.4

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Stocks for Residential and Commercial Sector are not included.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form

EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 227 
Table B9. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1985, 1990-1994

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change of Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

North America Total .................... 8,623 8,363 13,908 10,391 14,387 15,276 3.1 −12.0 −6.1 1 Canada ......................................... 8,340 8,064 13,734 10,140 14,071 14,872 3.4 −12.3 −6.2

Mexico ........................................... 218 226 70 84 191 332 −3.5 3.4 −4.5 2 Other ............................................ 65 73 104 167 125 72 −11.6 −15.1 −1.2

South America Total .................... 5,394 5,216 6,141 6,950 6,262 6,177 3.4 −3.6 −1.5

Argentina ....................................... 411 476 304 390 581 533 −13.7 −8.3 −2.9

Brazil .............................................. 4,973 4,715 5,778 6,397 5,304 5,318 5.5 −1.6 −.7 2 Other ............................................ 11 26 58 163 377 326 −57.0 −58.7 −31.4

Europe Total .................................. 32,500 34,088 51,941 59,439 52,964 40,920 −4.6 −11.5 −2.5

Belgium & Luxembourg ............... 4,455 4,744 6,528 6,771 7,711 4,016 −6.1 −12.8 1.1

Bulgaria ......................................... 1,123 822 546 858 80 250 36.7 93.7 18.2

Denmark ........................................ 432 305 3,477 4,225 2,892 1,958 41.9 −37.8 −15.4

Finland ........................................... 342 229 186 481 86 1,152 49.3 41.0 −12.6

France ........................................... 2,608 3,603 7,312 8,626 6,241 4,065 −27.6 −19.6 −4.8

Germany ........................................ 293 461 910 1,581 959 978 −36.3 −25.6 −12.5

Ireland ........................................... 883 894 1,314 1,191 1,322 389 −1.2 −9.6 9.5

Italy ................................................ 6,843 6,276 8,476 10,227 10,838 9,300 9.0 −10.9 −3.3

Netherlands .................................. 4,421 5,046 8,299 8,732 7,592 5,740 −12.4 −12.6 −2.8

Norway .......................................... 79 92 107 181 161 241 −14.2 −16.4 −11.7

Portugal ......................................... 958 1,353 1,342 1,478 1,620 870 −29.1 −12.3 1.1

Romania ........................................ 1,409 653 683 1,040 1,559 1,052 115.7 −2.5 3.3

Spain ............................................. 3,748 3,687 4,114 4,258 3,439 3,135 1.7 2.2 2.0

Sweden ......................................... 636 668 1,057 1,124 785 1,227 −4.7 −5.1 −7.0

Turkey ............................................ 1,211 1,456 1,805 1,983 1,921 1,992 −16.8 −10.9 −5.4

United Kingdom ........................... 3,051 3,730 5,076 5,598 4,697 2,427 −18.2 −10.2 2.6

Yugoslavia ..................................... − 71 659 888 846 770 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0 2 Other ............................................ 7 * 49 194 214 1,359 NM −57.7 −44.4

Asia Total ....................................... 16,290 17,690 18,633 19,766 20,616 20,269 −7.9 −5.7 −2.4

China (Taiwan) ............................. 3,061 3,117 3,230 4,125 4,177 2,861 −1.8 −7.5 .8

Israel .............................................. 784 770 748 591 580 421 1.7 7.8 7.1

Japan ............................................. 9,215 10,776 11,162 11,130 12,100 13,945 −14.5 −6.6 −4.5

Korea, Republic of ....................... 3,228 3,008 3,041 3,366 3,628 2,929 7.3 −2.9 1.1 2 Other ............................................ 3 20 454 554 132 113 −84.7 −61.1 −33.2

Oceania & Australia Total ..........*1**2* −47.5 −32.5 .4 2 Other ............................................ * 1 * * 2 * −47.5 −32.5 .4

Africa Total .................................... 1,927 2,245 2,378 2,309 1,753 1,435 −14.1 2.4 3.3

Algeria ........................................... 322 371 555 474 435 752 −13.2 −7.2 −9.0

Egypt ............................................. 951 788 770 698 586 458 20.8 12.8 8.5

Morocco ........................................ 76 533 668 919 682 175 −85.8 −42.3 −8.9

South Africa, Rep of .................... 578 515 385 217 50 49 12.3 84.4 31.5

 2 Other ............................................ − 38 − 2 − 1 −100.0 − −100.0

Total ................................................. 64,735 67,603 93,001 98,855 95,984 84,078 −4.2 −9.4 −2.9

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons (45,359 metric tons) in 1993.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500.

Note: Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

228 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table B10. Average Mine Price by State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change State and Region 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Alabama ........................................... $44.22 $46.67 $45.00 $45.34 $47.44 $47.23 −5.2 −1.7 −0.7

Alaska .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

California .......................................... − − w w w ww w w

Colorado .......................................... 21.78 22.44 23.51 24.45 23.98 $27.17 −2.9 −2.4 −2.4

Illinois ............................................... 25.50 27.86 30.49 31.25 30.56 33.95 −8.5 −4.4 −3.1

Indiana ............................................. 24.56 25.23 25.81 26.00 26.36 29.25 −2.7 −1.7 −1.9

Iowa .................................................. w w w w w 28.80 w w w

Kansas ............................................. w w w w w 28.66 w w w

Kentucky Total ................................ 27.42 27.31 27.01 28.05 27.77 31.13 .4 −.3 −1.4

Eastern .......................................... 27.83 28.11 27.55 29.07 28.49 31.71 −1.0 −.6 −1.4

Western ......................................... 26.05 24.64 25.46 25.22 25.71 29.47 5.7 .3 −1.3

Louisiana .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maryland .......................................... 29.04 27.79 27.99 28.36 28.63 $30.20 4.5 .3 −.4

Missouri ............................................ 24.01 w w w w 29.86 w w −2.4

Montana ........................................... 11.46 12.18 11.24 11.86 10.38 14.53 −5.9 2.5 −2.6

New Mexico ..................................... 25.68 25.31 25.51 25.63 24.72 25.80 1.4 .9 *

North Dakota ................................... 8.40 8.41 8.25 8.64 8.46 10.25 −.2 −.2 −2.2

Ohio .................................................. 32.11 30.91 29.69 30.59 31.58 37.45 3.8 .4 −1.7

Oklahoma ........................................ 28.18 27.46 28.40 31.44 33.50 34.97 2.6 −4.2 −2.4

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 28.86 29.21 31.53 32.40 33.24 36.28 −1.2 −3.5 −2.5

Anthracite ...................................... 39.76 36.31 37.74 40.05 43.43 50.49 9.5 −2.2 −2.6

Bituminous .................................... 28.05 28.70 31.24 32.03 32.76 35.36 −2.3 −3.8 −2.5

Tennessee ....................................... 29.95 30.01 29.88 29.48 30.82 31.46 −.2 −.7 −.5

Texas ................................................ 13.65 14.19 13.69 13.46 12.34 12.79 −3.8 2.5 .7

Utah .................................................. 21.24 22.94 23.27 24.91 20.43 30.53 −7.4 1.0 −3.9

Virginia ............................................. 29.59 29.55 30.37 30.26 30.92 33.24 .1 −1.1 −1.3

Washington ...................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total ......................... 30.23 30.40 31.03 31.55 31.54 $36.89 −.6 −1.1 −2.2

Northern ........................................ 29.51 30.96 32.00 33.24 32.03 35.25 −4.7 −2.0 −1.9

Southern ........................................ 30.54 30.20 30.60 30.78 31.30 37.95 1.1 −.6 −2.4

Wyoming .......................................... 7.53 8.06 8.97 8.92 9.29 12.52 −6.7 −5.1 −5.5

 1 Appalachian Total ....................... 30.16 30.47 30.81 31.63 31.84 35.66 −1.0 −1.3 −1.8 1 Interior Total ................................ 21.90 22.08 23.82 24.10 23.64 26.90 −.8 −1.9 −2.3 1 Western Total ............................... 11.65 12.28 12.78 12.91 12.79 16.02 −5.1 −2.3 −3.5

East of Miss. River ....................... 29.15 29.56 30.13 30.84 30.97 34.66 −1.4 −1.5 −1.9

West of Miss. River ...................... 12.03 12.68 13.21 13.29 13.01 16.06 −5.1 −1.9 −3.2

U.S. Total ........................................ 21.40 21.88 23.18 23.69 23.99 27.78 −2.2 −2.8 −2.9

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. A measure

of dispersion of these average prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D2. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam,

and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these

data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 229 
Table B11. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

New England Total ....................... $47.19 $47.78 $49.76 $51.95 $52.23 $59.50 −1.2 −2.5 −2.5

Connecticut ................................... 51.20 49.38 56.55 63.21 62.11 68.14 3.7 −4.7 −3.1

Massachusetts ............................. 47.40 47.83 48.62 49.97 49.93 57.73 −.9 −1.3 −2.2

New Hampshire ............................ 43.72 46.73 49.26 50.93 52.24 59.58 −6.4 −4.3 −3.4

Middle Atlantic Total ................... 40.04 40.41 41.41 42.97 42.50 43.91 −.9 −1.5 −1.0

New Jersey ................................... 53.45 52.36 51.39 52.64 53.32 56.08 2.1 * −.5

New York ...................................... 41.49 42.58 42.57 45.41 45.69 47.78 −2.6 −2.4 −1.5

Pennsylvania ................................. 39.01 39.39 40.58 41.94 41.06 42.18 −.9 −1.3 −.9

East North Central Total ............. 33.69 34.15 35.33 35.97 36.56 43.98 −1.3 −2.0 −2.9

Illinois ............................................. 36.04 38.92 40.85 40.52 41.66 50.27 −7.4 −3.5 −3.6

Indiana ........................................... 29.54 29.47 30.75 31.31 31.72 38.58 .2 −1.8 −2.9

Michigan ........................................ 36.26 36.57 37.73 38.80 39.24 48.46 −.8 −1.9 −3.2

Ohio ............................................... 38.25 37.54 37.92 38.95 39.70 44.11 1.9 −.9 −1.6

Wisconsin ...................................... 25.50 25.31 28.57 28.87 28.86 36.76 .7 −3.0 −4.0

West North Central Total ........... 18.47 18.60 20.86 21.43 21.68 25.83 −.7 −3.9 −3.6

Iowa ............................................... 19.17 19.32 21.58 21.63 21.92 29.59 −.8 −3.3 −4.7

Kansas .......................................... 19.68 19.49 23.14 24.31 24.51 27.09 .9 −5.3 −3.5

Minnesota ..................................... 22.14 22.12 23.10 24.45 24.26 27.46 .1 −2.3 −2.4

Missouri ......................................... 23.58 26.90 30.39 30.48 30.90 35.26 −12.3 −6.5 −4.4

Nebraska ....................................... 14.45 14.24 14.07 14.03 14.20 21.24 1.5 .4 −4.2

North Dakota ................................ 10.23 10.34 10.42 10.32 10.03 12.77 −1.0 .5 −2.4

South Dakota ............................... 14.44 14.66 15.07 15.04 15.40 15.93 −1.5 −1.6 −1.1

South Atlantic Total ..................... 43.57 44.98 45.50 46.49 46.15 50.68 −3.1 −1.4 −1.7

Delaware ....................................... 46.28 48.53 49.95 51.27 52.15 54.59 −4.6 −2.9 −1.8

Florida ........................................... 48.18 48.04 49.63 50.56 50.39 57.17 .3 −1.1 −1.9

Georgia .......................................... 43.89 47.72 47.80 47.35 46.83 50.19 −8.0 −1.6 −1.5

Maryland ....................................... 43.92 44.95 44.84 46.11 46.25 48.73 −2.3 −1.3 −1.1

North Carolina .............................. 46.04 46.69 47.40 49.04 49.21 54.39 −1.4 −1.6 −1.8

South Carolina .............................. 43.92 44.28 43.14 45.60 48.00 52.89 −.8 −2.2 −2.0

Virginia ........................................... 40.84 41.41 41.67 42.85 43.31 50.90 −1.4 −1.4 −2.4

West Virginia ................................ 38.25 39.05 40.65 41.81 40.41 43.88 −2.0 −1.4 −1.5

East South Central Total ............ 35.75 36.71 36.43 37.40 37.46 44.13 −2.6 −1.2 −2.3

Alabama ........................................ 44.55 46.91 45.93 48.31 49.14 53.69 −5.0 −2.4 −2.0

Kentucky ....................................... 29.94 30.08 29.77 29.98 30.41 35.42 −.5 −.4 −1.8

Mississippi ..................................... 39.18 44.66 44.02 46.21 45.74 67.81 −12.3 −3.8 −5.9

Tennessee .................................... 33.75 34.11 34.18 33.59 35.41 40.06 −1.0 −1.2 −1.9

West South Central Total ........... 22.91 24.40 24.86 25.33 25.26 28.35 −6.1 −2.4 −2.3

Arkansas ....................................... 30.76 32.52 31.79 30.75 31.05 29.92 −5.4 −.2 .3

Louisiana ....................................... 27.61 28.27 27.48 29.86 30.62 40.79 −2.3 −2.5 −4.2

Oklahoma ...................................... 19.29 23.50 23.66 25.55 27.53 31.77 −17.9 −8.5 −5.4

Texas ............................................. 21.86 23.05 23.79 23.88 23.36 26.00 −5.1 −1.6 −1.9

Mountain Total .............................. 24.07 24.37 23.85 24.49 24.46 24.74 −1.3 −.4 −.3

Arizona .......................................... 31.15 30.63 31.20 32.14 33.04 30.22 1.7 −1.5 .3

Colorado ........................................ 23.16 23.80 23.88 23.69 22.94 24.79 −2.7 .2 −.8

Montana ........................................ 12.99 12.98 13.38 12.61 12.64 13.48 * .7 −.4

Nevada .......................................... 35.68 35.64 35.63 34.48 36.55 40.61 .1 −.6 −1.4

New Mexico .................................. 28.08 27.12 26.27 27.58 26.49 22.12 3.5 1.5 2.7

Utah ............................................... 28.77 30.13 30.35 30.20 29.54 35.65 −4.5 −.6 −2.3

Wyoming ....................................... 15.53 15.47 14.79 16.03 16.24 17.74 .4 −1.1 −1.5

Pacific Total ................................... 24.18 23.75 24.44 25.53 26.91 29.60 1.8 −2.6 −2.2

Oregon .......................................... 21.14 21.77 23.40 20.15 19.86 36.51 −2.9 1.6 −5.9

Washington ................................... 25.27 24.35 24.78 27.41 28.27 29.51 3.8 −2.8 −1.7

U.S. Total ........................................ 30.89 31.51 32.36 33.10 33.57 38.07 −1.9 −2.0 −2.3

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance and freight.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

230 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table B12. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census

Division and State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

New England Total ....................... $61.44 $63.75 $72.43 $73.57 $71.77 $65.42 −3.6 −3.8 −0.7

Connecticut ................................... − − − − − ww w w

Maine ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ............................. w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ............................ − − − − w ww w w

Vermont ......................................... − − − − − ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total ................... w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New York ...................................... 46.52 46.47 48.44 48.27 48.57 52.66 .1 −1.1 −1.4

Pennsylvania ................................. 37.10 37.53 39.35 39.57 40.36 43.89 −1.1 −2.1 −1.8

East North Central Total ............. 38.27 38.07 38.64 39.66 39.86 44.68 .5 −1.0 −1.7

Illinois ............................................. 32.11 32.43 32.23 33.96 34.48 43.11 −1.0 −1.8 −3.2

Indiana ........................................... 34.56 34.07 34.81 36.38 36.19 39.72 1.4 −1.1 −1.5

Michigan ........................................ 45.42 45.70 46.49 48.16 47.83 54.43 −.6 −1.3 −2.0

Ohio ............................................... 39.40 38.38 38.84 38.41 38.62 39.65 2.7 .5 −.1

Wisconsin ...................................... 45.45 45.02 46.60 47.74 47.85 54.24 .9 −1.3 −1.9

West North Central Total ........... 20.52 19.84 19.57 20.21 20.29 23.17 3.4 .3 −1.3

Iowa ............................................... 31.44 30.87 29.94 32.13 33.36 41.29 1.8 −1.5 −3.0

Kansas .......................................... 35.55 36.44 35.23 33.96 31.63 40.00 −2.4 3.0 −1.3

Minnesota ..................................... 39.31 39.47 39.27 39.97 40.38 47.15 −.4 −.7 −2.0

Missouri ......................................... 36.24 35.40 34.70 34.48 33.27 38.52 2.3 2.1 −.7

Nebraska ....................................... w w w w w 51.36 w w w

North Dakota ................................ w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota ............................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total ..................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida ........................................... 51.37 53.22 53.20 52.27 52.06 55.70 −3.5 −.3 −.9

Georgia .......................................... 50.39 49.82 49.80 49.55 49.49 49.80 1.1 .4 .1

Maryland ....................................... 35.47 35.47 36.18 37.16 31.64 36.16 * 2.9 −.2

North Carolina .............................. 48.08 47.89 47.91 47.45 49.45 52.05 .4 −.7 −.9

South Carolina .............................. 48.32 47.78 47.74 47.61 48.27 48.60 1.1 * −.1

Virginia ........................................... 45.82 45.49 45.16 44.67 45.25 46.30 .7 .3 −.1

West Virginia ................................ 36.07 36.28 35.20 35.37 35.14 38.94 −.5 .6 −.8

East South Central Total ............ w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ........................................ 42.70 43.00 43.83 44.57 44.73 49.94 −.7 −1.1 −1.7

Kentucky ....................................... 47.64 46.63 48.26 51.30 50.50 50.64 2.2 −1.4 −.7

Mississippi ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee .................................... 38.96 39.04 39.16 39.31 38.76 43.36 −.2 .1 −1.2

West South Central Total ........... 25.29 23.57 25.13 25.70 23.46 w 7.3 1.9 w

Arkansas ....................................... 48.81 48.57 49.18 49.71 50.03 49.89 .5 −.6 −.2

Louisiana ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma ...................................... w w w w w 42.37 w w w

Texas ............................................. 21.54 19.38 19.99 20.51 18.51 27.47 11.1 3.9 −2.7

Mountain Total .............................. 31.73 31.43 31.59 32.63 31.69 35.48 .9 * −1.2

Arizona .......................................... 45.58 44.65 45.14 44.20 43.59 w 2.1 1.1 w

Colorado ........................................ 31.92 31.56 33.44 32.27 29.68 31.13 1.1 1.8 .3

Idaho .............................................. 36.76 36.13 36.70 37.38 35.03 36.22 1.7 1.2 .2

Montana ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah ............................................... 29.29 29.23 27.94 29.13 31.40 31.48 .2 −1.7 −.8

Wyoming ....................................... 25.21 25.83 26.09 27.76 27.46 w −2.4 −2.1 w

Pacific Total ................................... 49.51 48.31 47.80 50.43 50.66 56.64 2.5 −.6 −1.5

California ....................................... 47.83 47.25 46.35 49.37 49.73 57.75 1.2 −1.0 −2.1

Hawaii ............................................ w w w w w 62.58 w w w

Oregon .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Washington ................................... 64.89 58.54 62.00 65.22 61.32 54.81 10.8 1.4 1.9

U.S. Total ........................................ 35.88 35.53 36.14 36.97 37.03 41.02 1.0 −.8 −1.5

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 231 
Table B13. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division

and State, 1985, 1990-1994

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change

1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

Middle Atlantic Total ................... w w w w w ww w w

New York ...................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ................................. $50.98 $51.16 $51.25 $51.65 $50.46 $55.65 −0.3 0.3 −1.0

East North Central Total ............. 52.06 54.58 55.53 55.89 53.81 63.34 −4.6 −.8 −2.1

Illinois ............................................. w w w w w 61.54 w w w

Indiana ........................................... 56.11 57.64 59.21 58.77 54.45 66.12 −2.6 .8 −1.8

Michigan ........................................ w − − w w w w w w

Ohio ............................................... 46.32 49.68 51.45 50.87 53.24 60.51 −6.8 −3.4 −2.9

West North Central Total ........... −−−−− w − w w

Missouri ......................................... − − − − − w − w w

South Atlantic Total ..................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland ....................................... − − − w w ww w w

Virginia ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia ................................ w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total ............ w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ........................................ 52.31 52.36 52.70 53.29 53.94 59.74 −.1 −.8 −1.5

Kentucky ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee .................................... − − − www − w w

West South Central Total ........... −−−−− w − w w

Texas ............................................. − − − − − w − w w

Mountain Total .............................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total ........................................ 51.32 52.30 52.82 53.88 52.61 59.89 −1.9 −.6 −1.7

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

232 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table B14. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of

Origin, 1985, 1990-1994

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change of Origin 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

North America Total .................... $33.74 $31.97 $30.73 $27.67 $27.07 $35.64 5.5 5.7 −0.6

Canada .......................................... 33.74 31.98 30.73 27.67 26.95 35.64 5.5 5.8 −.6

Mexico ........................................... − 23.35 − − 42.29 − −100.0 −100.0 −

South America Total .................... 31.97 30.46 36.42 38.19 41.43 39.90 4.9 −6.3 −2.4

Colombia ....................................... 30.27 30.04 35.55 36.24 40.64 39.90 .7 −7.1 −3.0

Venezuela ..................................... 35.73 31.82 39.25 45.06 45.75 − 12.3 −6.0 −

Europe Total .................................. − 35.65 37.49 − 40.98 29.79 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Denmark ........................................ − 35.65 − − 40.05 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Germany ........................................ − − − − − 29.79 − −−100.0

United Kingdom ........................... − − 37.49 − 41.00 −− −100.0 −

Asia Total ....................................... 37.58 47.07 42.71 − − −−20.2 − −

India ............................................... − − 26.07 − − −− − −

Indonesia ....................................... 37.26 47.07 45.13 − − −−20.8 − −

Malaysia ........................................ − − 51.87 − − −− − −

Vietnam ......................................... 53.00 − − − − −− − −

Oceania & Australia Total .......... 34.35 34.79 39.76 41.86 46.00 34.80 −1.2 −7.0 −.1

Australia ........................................ 33.09 34.79 39.76 41.86 46.00 34.80 −4.9 −7.9 −.5

New Zealand ................................ 48.67 − − − − −− − −

Africa Total .................................... 27.92 30.66 54.33 − − 38.65 −8.9 − −3.5

South Africa, Rep of .................... 27.92 − 54.33 − − 38.65 −−−3.5

Swaziland ...................................... − 30.66 − − − − −100.0 − −

 1 Total ............................................... 33.05 32.37 35.80 35.65 36.85 38.49 2.1 −2.7 −1.7

 2 U.S. Total ....................................... 33.30 32.94 36.88 36.51 37.98 39.73 1.1 −3.2 −1.9

1 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal imports and fall within

the range of $20 to $50 per short ton ($18.14 to $45.36 per metric ton), inclusively. 2 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal imports.

Notes: Average price is based on the customs import value. Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 233 
Table B15. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1985, 1990-1994

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1985 Change of Destination 1993-1994 1990-1994 1985-1994

North America Total .................... $36.22 $37.65 $36.44 $37.05 $36.06 $53.47 −3.8 0.1 −4.2 1 Canada ......................................... 35.83 37.33 36.37 36.91 35.97 53.67 −4.0 −.1 −4.4

Mexico ........................................... 48.80 48.54 47.93 48.11 41.39 49.27 .5 4.2 −.1 2 Other ............................................ 38.99 38.69 40.11 39.36 37.68 43.61 .8 .8 −1.2

South America Total .................... 46.61 48.25 50.20 50.97 50.99 54.33 −3.4 −2.2 −1.7

Argentina ....................................... 46.85 47.63 50.09 50.26 50.49 54.11 −1.6 −1.8 −1.6

Brazil .............................................. 46.59 48.32 50.23 51.20 51.68 54.53 −3.6 −2.6 −1.7 2 Other ............................................ 44.81 43.51 47.36 42.77 40.55 51.94 3.0 2.5 −1.6

Europe Total .................................. 46.65 47.82 47.03 47.49 48.41 48.52 −2.4 −.9 −.4

Belgium & Luxembourg ............... 46.55 47.55 48.51 49.40 49.63 50.44 −2.1 −1.6 −.9

Bulgaria ......................................... 46.40 46.25 47.72 46.92 54.28 48.85 .3 −3.8 −.6

Denmark ........................................ 32.22 38.53 36.03 36.32 37.89 41.81 −16.4 −4.0 −2.8

Finland ........................................... 45.34 43.66 44.99 49.35 49.30 44.98 3.8 −2.1 .1

France ........................................... 48.76 46.56 43.40 44.29 47.40 51.07 4.7 .7 −.5

Germany ........................................ 49.97 42.97 42.19 43.36 45.87 46.66 16.3 2.2 .8

Ireland ........................................... 37.28 39.51 40.57 43.57 42.49 51.71 −5.6 −3.2 −3.6

Italy ................................................ 47.40 48.86 49.97 50.02 49.30 46.35 −3.0 −1.0 .2

Netherlands .................................. 46.28 48.75 47.78 47.60 47.32 49.31 −5.0 −.5 −.7

Norway .......................................... 52.22 − 52.86 35.40 − 44.84 − − 1.7

Portugal ......................................... 39.96 41.56 44.91 45.05 44.97 52.05 −3.8 −2.9 −2.9

Romania ........................................ 38.69 39.99 45.88 50.58 52.40 49.97 −3.3 −7.3 −2.8

Spain ............................................. 51.09 51.84 51.61 49.85 51.52 50.96 −1.4 −.2 *

Sweden ......................................... 50.22 50.66 51.44 52.60 53.14 49.98 −.9 −1.4 *

Turkey ............................................ 45.51 46.94 50.20 51.63 50.85 52.14 −3.0 −2.7 −1.5

United Kingdom ........................... 49.84 50.60 50.20 51.09 52.14 51.61 −1.5 −1.1 −.4

Yugoslavia ..................................... − 43.65 49.65 51.38 50.83 52.97 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0 2 Other ............................................ 42.04 44.91 40.84 48.81 51.02 39.44 −6.4 −4.7 .7

Asia Total ....................................... 42.62 44.74 47.02 47.67 47.75 47.87 −4.7 −2.8 −1.3

China (Taiwan) ............................. 42.60 43.53 45.45 46.00 42.59 45.97 −2.1 * −.8

Israel .............................................. 36.63 38.35 43.11 43.95 43.45 46.49 −4.5 −4.2 −2.6

Japan ............................................. 42.53 45.06 47.30 47.83 48.78 49.78 −5.6 −3.4 −1.7

Korea, Republic of ....................... 44.35 46.43 49.53 50.65 51.13 47.04 −4.5 −3.5 −.6 2 Other ............................................ 41.05 48.75 40.85 42.56 42.89 44.96 −15.8 −1.1 −1.0

Oceania & Australia Total .......... 44.04 37.99 38.08 − 40.34 − 15.9 2.2 − 2 Other ............................................ 44.04 37.99 38.08 − 40.34 − 15.9 2.2 −

Africa Total .................................... 48.05 46.90 47.37 45.49 43.84 51.15 2.5 2.3 −.7

Algeria ........................................... 47.66 48.85 51.10 51.26 52.55 53.10 −2.4 −2.4 −1.2

Egypt ............................................. 47.55 49.45 50.80 50.36 50.67 49.47 −3.8 −1.6 −.4

Morocco ........................................ 38.62 37.32 37.26 37.18 34.54 50.00 3.5 2.8 −2.8

South Africa, Rep of .................... 50.34 51.67 52.68 53.92 − 51.92 −2.6 − −.3 2 Other ............................................ − 44.68 − 44.99 − 44.09 −100.0 − −100.0

 3 Total ............................................... 44.36 45.77 45.68 46.69 46.57 49.65 −3.1 −1.2 −1.2

 4 U.S. Total ....................................... 44.02 45.65 45.57 46.73 46.99 53.11 −3.6 −1.6 −2.1

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1993. 3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $28 to $50 per short ton ($25.40 to $45.36 per metric ton), inclusively. 4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

234 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Appendix C

References

Figure C1. Coal-Bearing Areas of the United States

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 237 
Coal-Producing Regions

Appalachian

Alabama, Georgia, Eastern Kentucky, Maryland,

Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West

Virginia.

Interior

Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Western

Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas.

Western

Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Montana, New

Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.

Table C1. Classification of Coals by Rank

238 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Coal Reports and Feature

Articles

Coal Reports

• Weekly Coal Production DOE/EIA-0218 (95-33)

• Coal Data: A Reference, DOE/EIA-0064 (93) February 1995

• State Coal Profiles, DOE/EIA-0576, January 1994

• Quarterly Coal Report, DOE/EIA-0121 (95/1Q).

• The Changing Structure of the U.S. Coal Industry:

An Update, DOE/EIA-0513(93), July 1993.

• U.S. Coal Reserves: An Update by Heat and Sulfur

Content, DOE/EIA-0529(92), February 1993.

• The U.S. Coal Industry, 1970-1990: Two Decades

of Change, DOA/EIA-0559, November 1992

• Trends in Contract Coal Transportation,

1979-1987, DOE/EIA-0549, September 1991

• Electric Power Monthly, DOE/EIA-0226(95/06),

June 1995.

• Electric Power Annual, DOE/EIA-0348(94), Vol.

1, July 1995.

• Longwall Mining, DOE/EIA-TR-0588 March

1995.

• Monthly Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0035(95/08)

August 1995.

• Electric Utility Phase I Acid Rain Compliance

Strategies for the Clean Air Act Amendments of

1990, DOE/EIA-0582 March 1994.

• Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility

Plants 1994, DOE/EIA-0191(94), July 1995.

Feature Articles

• Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Coal,

August 1994. (Quarterly Coal Report,

DOE/EIA-0121 (94/1Q), August 1994).

• Federal and Indian Coal Lands: A Growing

Source of Energy and Revenue, October 1993

(Coal Production 1992, DOE/EIA-0118(92),

October 1993).

• Coal Supply and Demand in 1993: A Review, 1993

(Mining Engineering, May 1994, pp 433-436).

• Wyoming Coal: An Overview, October 1992 (Coal

Production 1991, DOE/EIA-0118(91), October

1992).

• Profile of New Coal Mines in the 1980's, September 1991 (Coal Production 1990,

DOE/EIA-0118), September 1991).

• The Comparability of Resource and Reserve Data

for Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Coal, and Uranium

(Quarterly Coal Report October-December 1994,

DOE/EIA-0121 (94/4Q) May 1995).

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 239 
Table C2. Approximate Heat Content of Coal

(Million Btu per Short Ton)

 Coal Rank 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 Sector

 Anthracite

Production .......................................................... 22.291 23.289 22.734 23.107 22.428 23.084 23.108

Consumption ...................................................... 22.080 22.518 21.583 22.322 20.817 21.512 22.435

Non-electric utility users ............................ 23.749 24.578 24.536 25.128 23.031 24.399 26.293

Electric utilities ........................................... 18.168 18.160 16.516 17.018 16.784 15.578 15.962

Imports and exports ......................................... 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400

Bituminous Coal and Lignite

Production .......................................................... 22.301 22.233 22.048 22.005 21.867 21.908 21.918

Consumption ...................................................... 21.710 21.670 21.576 21.570 21.368 21.462 21.514

Residential and commercial ..................... 22.010 22.226 22.438 22.406 22.568 22.669 22.800

Coke plants ................................................. 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800

Other industrial and

transportation ...................................... 22.572 22.695 22.680 22.525 22.013 22.185 22.360

Electric utilities ........................................... 21.091 21.200 21.141 21.108 20.965 20.091 21.143

Imports ............................................................... 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000

Exports ............................................................... 26.176 26.231 26.300 26.410 26.320 26.308 26.304

Coal Coke ............................................................ 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Anthracite

Production .......................................................... 23.266 23.385 22.574 22.573 22.572 22.573 22.574

Consumption ...................................................... 22.423 22.623 21.668 21.410 21.423 21.262 21.711

Non-electric utility users ............................ 26.021 27.196 25.199 25.268 24.617 24.096 24.280

Electric utilities ........................................... 17.312 16.310 16.140 15.858 16.944 16.534 14.878

Imports and exports ......................................... 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400

Bituminous Coal and Lignite

Production .......................................................... 21.817 21.759 21.819 21.678 21.643 21.383 21.348

Consumption ...................................................... 21.324 21.268 21.330 21.146 21.142 21.983 20.012

Residential and commercial ..................... 23.135 22.917 22.678 22.635 22.768 22.749 23.004

Coke plants ................................................. 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800

Other industrial and

transportation ...................................... 22.341 22.324 22.444 22.448 22.242 22.111 22.036

Electric utilities ........................................... 20.905 20.854 20.935 20.761 20.792 20.644 20.699

Imports ............................................................... 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000

Exports ............................................................... 26.308 26.166 26.207 26.192 26.165 26.341 26.335

Coal Coke ............................................................ 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800

Note: Values for 1994 are preliminary.

Source: Calculated by Energy Information Administration. See Monthly Energy Review DOE/EIA-0035 Appendix A for detailed description.

240 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Appendix D

Explanatory Notes

Data Sources

All data in this report were collected by the Energy

Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Department

of Energy (DOE), except: import and export data,

which were collected by the Bureau of the Census

(Census Bureau), U.S. Department of Commerce; supplemental export data which were collected by King's

Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee;

Federal and Indian land leasing data which were collected by the U.S. Department of the Interior (Bureau

of Land Management and Minerals Management

Service); miner profile data were collected by the

Bituminous Coal Operators Association, Washington,

D.C., and the U.S. Department of Labor (Bureau of

Labor Statistics); and miner injury and fatality data

which were collected by the U.S. Department of

Labor (Mine Safety and Health Administration).

Coal Surveys

As early as the 1880's, the U.S. Geological Survey

began collecting coal data under a voluntary reporting

system. The responsibility for gathering this information was transferred to the Bureau of Mines in the

1920's, initially under the U.S. Department of Commerce and later under the U.S. Department of the

Interior, which published the data in its Minerals

Yearbook. Except for a brief period from 1937 to

1943, when bituminous coal data were collected under

the mandatory authority of the Bituminous Coal Act,

the Bureau of Mines continued to conduct voluntary

coal surveys until the Department of Energy was

created.

Coal Production Report (Form EIA-7A)

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) began

collecting annual coal production data on October 1,

1977. The 1994 coal production and identification

data in this report were collected on Form EIA-7A,

"Coal Production Report," from companies that

produced, processed, or prepared coal in 1994. All

other data collected on Form EIA-7A are reported for

only those companies that owned a mining operation

that produced, processed, or prepared 10 thousand

short tons or more of coal in 1994 and preparation

plants with 5 thousand or more employee hours.

So that the EIA may fulfill its data collection functions as specified in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-275), response to

this survey is mandatory. The respondents to this

survey are compared with lists of mining operations

maintained by various State coal mining/licensing

agencies and the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), U.S. Department of Labor, to identify new respondents. No sampling procedures are

used. In 1994, there were 2,543 mining operations

that produced, processed, or prepared 10 thousand or

more short tons of coal. Of these mining operations,

80.0 percent (2,059) responded to the EIA-7A survey.

In 1994, there were 1,898 mines that produced 10

thousand or more short tons of coal. Of these mines,

80.9 percent (1,535) responded to the EIA-7A survey

and they accounted for 994 million short tons, or 96.2

percent of the 1994 production total. All of the data

were collected by mail and were edited to ensure that

they were complete and accurate.

As in all surveys, data from Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," are subject to various sources of

error: (1) coverage (the list of respondents may not be

complete or, on the other hand, there may be double

counting), (2) nonresponse (all units that are surveyed

may not respond or may not provide all the information requested), (3) respondents (respondents may

commit errors in reporting the data), (4) processing

(the data collection agency may lose or incorrectly

transcribe the submissions), (5) concept (the data collection elements may not measure the items they were

intended to measure), and (6) adjustment (errors may

be made in estimating values for missing data).

Because the annual coal production survey (Form

EIA-7A) is not a sample survey, the estimates shown

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 243 
Table D1. Sources of Data for Total U.S. Coal Production and Number of Mining Operations

(Thousand Short Tons)

Received Generated Data Sources Total

Derived From

Coal-Producing Form EIA-7A Mine Safety and

State Health Administration Data Number of Production

Operations

 Number of Number of Production Production Operations Operations

Alabama .......................... 72 22,391 28 875 100 23,266

Alaska .............................. 1 1,567 − − 1 1,567

Arizona ............................ 3 13,056 − − 3 13,056

Arkansas ......................... 4 38 2 12 6 51

Colorado .......................... 20 25,274 1 29 21 25,304

Illinois ............................... 40 52,797 4 − 44 52,797

Indiana ............................. 54 30,738 13 189 67 30,927

Iowa ................................. 1 46 − − 1 46

Kansas ............................ 1 284 − − 1 284

Kentucky Total ............... 648 145,247 253 16,395 901 161,642

Eastern ......................... 576 108,543 232 15,904 808 124,447

Western ........................ 72 36,704 21 491 93 37,195

Louisiana ......................... 2 3,463 − − 2 3,463

Maryland ......................... 18 3,581 3 50 21 3,632

Missouri ........................... 6 838 − − 6 838

Montana .......................... 7 41,636 1 3 8 41,640

New Mexico .................... 9 28,041 − − 9 28,041

North Dakota .................. 7 32,286 − − 7 32,286

Ohio ................................. 142 29,585 23 312 165 29,897

Oklahoma ........................ 13 1,900 1 10 14 1,911

Pennsylvania Total ........ 516 60,107 120 2,130 636 62,237

Anthracite ..................... 149 3,832 56 789 205 4,621

Bituminous ................... 367 56,275 64 1,341 431 57,616

Tennessee ...................... 31 2,916 6 71 37 2,987

Texas ............................... 13 52,346 − − 13 52,346

Utah ................................. 17 24,399 1 − 18 24,399

Virginia ............................. 228 32,866 68 4,263 296 37,129

Washington ..................... 3 4,893 − − 3 4,893

West Virginia Total ........ 481 14,780 160 13,972 641 161,776

Northern ....................... 130 47,377 33 1,939 163 49,316

Southern ....................... 351 100,427 127 12,033 478 112,460

Wyoming ......................... 28 236,901 3 191 31 237,092

U.S. Total ....................... 2,365 995,001 687 38,503 3,052 1,033,504

Note: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge production except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Number of mining operations includes preparation plants. All available State mining agency production data were reviewed, but none were included in this report because production data reported on Form EIA-7A to the Energy Information Administration and on Form 7000-1 to the Mine Safety and Health Administration were

found to be complete. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

in this report are not subject to sampling error. 2 It is

not possible to present estimates of nonsampling

error, but precautionary steps were taken at each stage

of the survey design to minimize the possible occurrence of these errors. These steps are described below.

The forms are logged within 24 hours of receipt and

assigned to a team of data editors consisting of Coal

Data Systems Branch personnel. The editors screen

the forms for legibility, completeness, and consistency. Names and address changes are updated in the

files. The reported data are compared to data from

previous years and with secondary sources such as

Mine Safety and Health Administration and State

mining agency reports. Inconsistencies are identified

and the respondents contacted for clarification. Computer edits are generated to identify keypunch errors,

errors made by coders, out-of-range codes, and

unlikely data combinations. Errors are corrected to

conform to the data on the submissions or revised

after telephone conversations with company representatives. All changes to reported data are documented.

Data from Form EIA-7A are maintained on an automated database at the EIA computing facility in

Washington, D.C. The survey forms are filed by EIA

identification number organized by State and county.

The survey forms were sent via regular mail in

January with a due date of March 1, 1995. Nonresponse letters were mailed March 8 to those mining

operations that had not submitted their forms. Subsequent to the letter, attempts were made to contact, by

telephone, those nonrespondents whose reported 1993

production was 100 thousand short tons or more.

2 Sampling error is a measure of the variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than a complete enumeration of units is

surveyed. 

244 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Some forms could not be delivered. Where possible,

address corrections were obtained. In some instances,

mining operations that had reported in earlier surveys

or operated only in 1994 were no longer in business.

Unobtainable data were derived from a secondary

source: the Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," collected by the

Mine Safety and Health Administration. Missing production quantity data were derived from the secondary

source for 561 mines, which produced 38.5 million

short tons, or 3.7 percent of total production. The

received and generated data sources for total U.S. coal

production are shown in Table D1. Of the mines

whose production exceeded 10 thousand or more short

tons, missing production quantity data were derived

from the secondary source for 363 mines, representing

3.7 percent (37.7 million short tons).

Since 1992, California has not reported coal production as the courts determined that the product

mined in that State did not meet the standard classification for coal.

Missing coalbed classification, coalbed thickness,

and coal rank/group data were estimated using State

mining agency production reports, geological data,

and previous years' reports for these mines.

When a mine had a missing production value its production was multiplied by the county-level average

mine price to estimate the value. County-level average

mine prices were calculated by dividing the total

value for the appropriate disposition (open/captive)

and type of mining (underground or surface) by the

corresponding total production. All missing production was classified as open market unless information was available to classify it as captive. Of those

mines whose production was 10 thousand or more

short tons, value data were estimated for 455 mines,

representing 4.4 percent (45 million short tons) of the

production total.

When an underground mine had unreported mining

method, it was assumed that the mining method was

conventional.

Employment data include direct labor hours, number

of production days worked, average length of a production shift, average number of miners per shift, and

average number of shifts per day. Of those mines

whose production exceeded 10 thousand or more short

tons, one or more of these data elements were derived

from secondary sources or estimated for 387 mines

representing 3.7 percent (38 million short tons) of

their production total. Of the mining operations that

produced, processed, or prepared 10 thousand or more

short tons, one or more of these data elements were

derived from secondary sources or estimated for 476

mining operations, or 18.7 percent of the total operations in this category.

Missing direct labor hours were estimated using

county-level or State-level productivity-per-hour

averages. The averages were calculated by dividing

the total production at the county or State level by

total direct labor hours at the same level for the

appropriate type of mining (underground or surface).

The quantity of production for the mine with missing

data was divided by this productivity average to

derive direct labor hours.

Missing average number of production days worked 

and length of a production shift were derived by using

the corresponding county-level or State-level average

for the appropriate type of mining (underground or

surface).

Missing average number of miners per shift was estimated as the average number of miners working daily.

The average number of miners working daily was calculated by multiplying the average length of a production shift by the number of production days

worked, and then dividing this number into the total

direct labor hours.

Missing average number of shifts per day was estimated as one shift per day.

Missing recoverable coal reserves data were estimated by using the mine's 1993 recoverable reserves

minus the mine's 1994 production. If this calculation

could not be made, the mine's projected production

for 1995 was used. If recoverable coal reserves for

1993 and 1994 and projected production for 1995

were all missing, no estimate was made. In 1994,

recoverable reserves were reported by or estimated for

1,331 mines, representing 973.6 million short tons, or

70 percent of the mines whose production exceeded

10 thousand or more short tons.

Missing recovery percentage data were estimated by

using 1994 recovery percentage averages at the State

level for the appropriate type of mining (underground

or surface).

Missing productive capacity data were estimated by

assuming productive capacity was equal to 1994 production. If productive capacity was reported as less

than annual production, productive capacity was

equated to 1994 production. There were 654 in-scope

mines with production of 178.0 million short tons for

which 1994 production was used as a proxy for productive capacity, resulting in 100 percent capacity

utilization.

These mines included the MSHA generated mines,

mines with productive capacity less than 1994 production, and mines that did not report productive

capacity and could not be contacted. If these mines

were excluded from the calculation of percent utilization, the U.S. total becomes 75.39 versus 78.11, when

those mines are included. In 1994, there were 30

mines that produced 1.2 million short tons of refuse

bituminous and subbituminous coal. Those operations

are not included in this report.

In order to protect the confidentiality of individual

respondent's data, a policy was implemented to ensure

that the reporting of survey data on mine prices and

recoverable reserves in this publication would not

associate those data with a particular company. The

final phase in the data quality assurance and control

procedures is determining which data must be suppressed (withheld) during publication to provide the

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 245 
necessary confidentiality for mines or companies that

represent a significant portion of a reported data cell.

All withholding analysis is done based upon production volumes. These procedures are performed as

follows:

1. Primary Withholding Based on the Number of

Respondents in a Cell -- All cells with three or

fewer active coal mining operations are suppressed.

2. Residual Withholding Dominance Rule Phase 1

All cells containing between 4 and 10 active coal

mining operations are examined. A cell is suppressed if any single respondent accounts for 75

percent or more of the volume for all respondents

included in that cell.

3. Residual Withholding Dominance Rule Phase 2

All cells in which two active coal mining operations represent 90 percent or more of the volume

for all respondents included in that cell are suppressed.

4. Complementary Suppression -- All tables are

reviewed to identify cells which should have data

withheld to prevent disclosure of already suppressed cells. An example of cells to be withheld

during complementary suppression is underground

price, if the surface price is withheld during

primary or residual suppression. Because the total

price is published, if the underground price is not

withheld, the surface price could be calculated

using the total price, the underground price, and

the underground, surface, and total volumes.

5. Most complementary suppression involves type of

mining considerations. Other complementary suppression is based on regional level data. A State

or region must be withheld during complementary

suppression because an already withheld State

could be calculated using other States and the

regional total. Cells are also selected for complementary suppression that represent the smallest

volumes or that were withheld in prior years.

6. Inter-table effects are also examined regarding

complementary suppression. For example, States

that are withheld in one State table can influence

the complementary suppression of an associated

State table. This analysis is very similar to that

done at the regional level, except that two tables

are involved rather than one. Finally, similar

tables are reviewed to ensure that all like suppressed cells are consistently withheld (suppressed) in all tables in which they appear.

The withholding/suppression of data is performed as

an adjunct to the quality assurance (QA) procedures.

The work is performed by survey editors, and the QA

staff and is reviewed by the survey manager before

being submitted to division-level QA review.

All sensitive cells identified in withholding analysis

are denoted with the symbol/letter "w." The use of the

symbol/letter applies to primary, complementary and

inter-table suppressions as well as all withheld data.

The symbol/letter "w" is footnoted as follows: "w

Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company

data."

The interquartile range is a measure of dispersion of

State-level average mine prices. Two States may have

the same average mine price, but the spread about this

price may be totally different. For a fixed average

mine price, a larger interquartile range suggests a

broader distribution of coal prices than a smaller

interquartile range. The summary statistics (Table D2)

given in this publication are weighted by production.

The interquartile range (weighted by production) is

computed in the following manner:

• Each cell is sorted according to average mine

price, from the lowest to the highest.

• For each cell, the corresponding mine's production according to increasing average mine

price is divided by that particular cell's total production and multiplied by 100. These percentages

are then added as a cumulative percentage of production.

• The first quartile (Q1) is the associated mine price

for which the cumulative percentage of production first passes 25 percent. Thus, at least 25

percent of that cell's total production is identified

with prices at or lower than Q1.

• The third quartile (Q3), is the associated mine

price for which the cumulative percentage of production first passes 75 percent. Thus, at least 75

percent of that cell's total production is identified

with prices at or lower than Q3.

The interquartile range is Q3-Q1.

Quarterly Coal Consumption Report -

Manufacturing Plants (Form EIA-3)

Form EIA-3 is used to survey U.S. manufacturers that

consume 1 thousand tons or more of coal per year for

all uses other than coke production. These data were

collected on a monthly basis until 1980, when the

reporting cycle was revised to a quarterly schedule.

Data on manufacturers' coal stocks, receipts, prices,

and consumption are reported.

Through the end of 1988, all manufacturers that consumed coal were required to file Form EIA-3. Beginning with the first quarter of 1989, only those

manufacturers that consumed 1 thousand or more tons

in the past year were required to report. In 1994, 768

manufacturers responded to the EIA-3 survey. The

response rate for the current year was 100 percent. In

order to identify undercoverage problems, the data

from this survey are compared with shipments to

manufacturers reported on EIA's "Coal Distribution

Report," Form EIA-6. At present, the coal receipts

reported by manufacturers on Form EIA-3 cover

approximately 97 percent of the coal shipments to

manufacturers on Form EIA-6. Consequently, the

coal consumption data gathered on the Form EIA-3 do

not represent the total consumption at manufac246 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Table D2. Interquartile Range and Average Mine Price by State and Mine Type, 1994

(Dollars per Short Ton)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

 State and Average Interquartile Average Interquartile Average Interquartile Region Mine Price Range Mine Price Range Mine Price Range

Alabama ...................................... 39.92 8.69 40.45 10.82 40.12 8.69

Alaska .......................................... − − wwww

Arizona ........................................ − − wwww

Arkansas ..................................... w w w w w w

Colorado ...................................... 19.05 2.51 21.05 5.00 19.76 8.61

Illinois ........................................... 25.54 4.90 24.18 14.70 23.14 5.75

Indiana ......................................... w w w w 22.28 5.11

Iowa ............................................. − − wwww

Kansas ......................................... − − wwww

Kentucky Total ........................... 26.14 5.05 23.07 5.66 24.88 6.64

Eastern ..................................... 26.19 5.09 23.92 5.28 25.25 7.23

Western .................................... 25.97 3.33 20.07 3.73 23.63 5.11

Louisiana ..................................... − − wwww

Maryland ...................................... w w w w 26.34 −

Missouri ....................................... − − wwww

Montana ...................................... w w w w 10.39 10.32

New Mexico ................................ w w w w 23.29 4.69

North Dakota .............................. − − 7.62 1.26 7.62 1.26

Ohio ............................................. 31.61 23.00 27.04 9.81 29.13 8.51

Oklahoma .................................... w w w w 25.57 8.29

Pennsylvania Total ..................... 26.59 6.15 25.43 8.22 26.18 5.68

Anthracite ................................. w w w w 36.07 43.45

Bituminous ................................ w w w w 25.45 4.89

Tennessee .................................. w w w w 27.17 .42

Texas ........................................... − − 12.38 1.43 12.38 1.43

Utah ............................................. 19.27 6.32 − − 19.27 6.32

Virginia ......................................... 27.33 9.35 25.33 3.34 26.84 7.34

Washington ................................. − − wwww

West Virginia Total ..................... 27.93 8.02 26.29 5.66 27.42 7.66

Northern ................................... 27.33 10.32 22.34 4.39 26.77 9.51

Southern ................................... 28.31 4.71 26.79 6.34 27.71 5.19

Wyoming ...................................... w w w w 6.83 2.62

 1 Appalachian Total ................... 28.01 6.44 26.20 6.37 27.36 7.39

 1 Interior Total ............................ 24.31 5.09 17.09 9.24 19.87 12.11

 1 Western Total .......................... 19.23 7.00 9.51 5.31 10.57 11.99

U.S. Total ................................... 26.39 7.81 15.02 15.65 19.41 17.79

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less

than 10,000 short tons of coal during the year. Average Mine Price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) mine value of the coal produced by the total production.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

turing plants. See Technical Note 5 for data adjustment procedures for coal consumption for the other

industrial sector.

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and

July - September issues of the Quarterly Coal Report

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue,

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied

and the data are considered final.

The respondent list of manufacturers for Form EIA-3

is compared with lists of coal-consuming manufacturing plants from State Air Quality and Energy

Offices. When new respondents are found, they are

added to the survey mailing list.

Annual Coal Quality Report -

Manufacturing Plants (Form EIA-3A)

Form EIA-3A contains questions on the origin of coal

(State or Country), the quantity of coal receipts, the

Btu, sulfur and ash content of the coal receipts, and

the basis used to determine the coal quality data. The

threshold for the annual collection will be the same as

for the EIA-3: manufacturing plants that consume in

excess of 1 thousand short tons of coal per per year.

In 1994, 768 manufacturers responded to the EIA-3A

survey. The response rate for the current year was 100

percent.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 247 
Coke Plant Report (Form EIA-5)

Form EIA-5, a quarterly report of coal receipts,

carbonization, and stocks, and of coke and breeze production, distribution, and stocks, is used to survey all

U.S. coke plants.

Coke plants were surveyed monthly and a supplemental survey was taken annually until 1981, when

the reporting cycle was revised to a quarterly schedule

with an annual supplemental survey. In 1985, collection of the annual supplement was ended.

In 1994, there were 33 respondents to the EIA-5

survey, and the response rate was 100 percent. The

respondent list for this survey is updated by continuous monitoring of the industry literature.

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and

July - September issues of the Quarterly Coal Report

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue,

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied

and the data are considered final.

Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke

Plants (Form EIA-5A)

This form contains questions on the origin of coal

(State or Country), the quantity of coal receipts, the

volatile matter, sulfur and ash content, and the basis

used to determine the coal quality data. There is no

threshold for this form. In 1994, there were 33

respondents to the EIA-5A survey, and the response

rate was 100 percent.

Coal Distribution Report (Form EIA-6)

Form EIA-6 is used to survey all U.S. companies

(producers and/or distributors) that own or purchase

and distribute more than 50 thousand short tons annually.3 Data on coal production and purchases, distribution by consumer category, and method of

transportation are reported.

In 1994, there were over 1,100 respondents to the

EIA-6 survey. Until the end of 1988, coal distribution

companies were required to report production on a

Bureau of Mines district basis. For the year 1989,

respondents were required to report on a BOM

district/State basis. Beginning with the first quarter of

1990, respondents were required to report on a State

basis. The response rate for the current quarter was

100 percent. The annual production total reported on

Form EIA-6 exceeds 99 percent of total production as

reported by all mines on Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," due to the difference in reporting

thresholds. The data gathered on the Form EIA-6 only

represent the domestic coal distributed during the

quarter. Therefore,

mported coal distributed during the quarter is not

included.

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and

July - September issued of the Quarterly Coal Report

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue,

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied

and the data are considered final.

The respondent list for this survey is updated by comparing it with lists of coal producers from the Mine

Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), U.S.

Department of Labor, and from similar lists maintained by various State agencies. Also, new respondents are frequently identified on Form EIA-6 itself

when other companies are named as sources of coal

purchases.

Electric Utility Surveys

Coal data appear in this report from three surveys of

electric utilities - from all generating electric utilities

and from fossil-fueled plants.

The Census Bureau collected and published the results

of a census taken every 5 years from 1902 to 1937 on

the electric light and power industries and some data

on industrial production of electric energy. The U.S.

Geological Survey collected data on capacity and generation of electric utilities from 1920 to 1936, when

this activity was turned over to the Federal Power

Commission (FPC).

All data are presented as reported on the surveys. No

estimates or other adjustments are made for missing

data. The data are maintained in a computer system

and are edited to ensure that they are reasonable, consistent, and complete. For additional information from

these surveys and for other electric utility data, see

the EIA publication, Electric Power Monthly

(DOE/EIA-0226).

Monthly Power Plant Report (Form

EIA-759)

Form EIA-759 (which, until 1982, was called FPC

Form 4) is used to survey all generating electric utilities. The Federal Power Act and FPC Order Number

141 define the legislative authority to collect power

production data. Consumption and stocks of coal and

other fuels at each plant are reported. The respondents

to Form EIA-759, approximately 3 thousand plants,

account for 100 percent of total electric utility generation.

Current year data from this survey are considered

final.

3 For the States of Arkansas, Maryland, Oklahoma, and the anthracite portion of Pennsylvania, the threshold is 10,000 tons.

248 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of

Fuels for Electric Plants (FERC Form

423)

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Form

423 is used to survey all fossil-fueled plants with a

total steam-generating capacity of 50 megawatts or

more. It is submitted by approximately 230 electric

utilities. (Before 1983, this form was called FPC Form

423, and all fossil-fueled plants with a total generating capacity of 25 megawatts or more were surveyed.) In 1972, the FPC issued Order Number 453,

which included the legislative authority to create

FERC Form 423. Cost, quality, and source of fuels

(by State or country of origin), including coal, are

reported. Current year data from this survey are considered final.

Steam-Electric Plant Operation and

Design Report (Form EIA-767)

The Form EIA-767 is a mandatory restricted-universe

census of all electric power plants with a total

existing or planned organic- or nuclear-fueled steamelectric generator nameplate rating of 10 or more

megawatts. The entire form is filed by approximately

700 power plants with a nameplate capacity of 100 or

more megawatts. An additional 200 power plants with

a nameplate capacity between 10 and 100 megawatts

submit information only on fuel consumption/quality,

boiler/generator configuration, and flue-gas

desulfurization equipment, if applicable. The Form

EIA-767 is used to collect data annually on plant

operations and equipment design (including boiler,

generator, cooling system, flue gas desulfurization,

flue gas particulate collectors, and stack data). Data

from the Form EIA-767 are used for economic, regulatory, and environmental analyses conducted by the

DOE, the FERC, the Environmental Protection

Agency, and the Department of Commerce.

Form EIA-767 data for 1994 are preliminary. Data for

prior years are final.

Annual Nonutility Power Producer

Report (Form EIA-867)

The Form EIA-867 is a restricted-universe census

used to collect annual data from all existing and

planned nonutility power producers in the United

States. In 1992, the reporting threshold of the Form

EIA-867 was lowered to include all facilities with a

combined nameplate capacity of 1 or more megawatts.

Previously data were collected every 3 years from

facilities with a nameplate capacity between 1 and 5

megawatts. For the purpose of this data collection, a

nonutility power producer is an enterprise that has

electric generating capacity and is not an electric

utility. They include qualifying cogenerators, qualifying small power producers, and other nonutility

generators (including independent power producers)

without a designated franchised service area. The

form is used to collect data on the installed capacity,

energy consumption, generation, and electric energy

sales to electric utilities from approximately 2 thousand facilities.

Form EIA-867 data for 1994 are preliminary. Data for

prior years are final.

Export and Import Data

Export and import data (except imports to electric

utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants, which

are reported on the FERC Form 423, EIA-3A, and

EIA-5A, respectively.) are obtained from the Census

Bureau--export data from the monthly EM 545 (formerly EM 522) report, import data from the monthly

IM 145 report. The Census Bureau compiles these

data monthly from documents filed with the U.S.

Customs Service as required by law. They include

shippers' export declaration forms, import entry

forms, and warehouse withdrawal forms. No sampling

procedures are used. The Census Bureau publication

Guide to Foreign Trade Statistics describes the

foreign trade statistics program, including the EM 545

and IM 145 monthly reports. Data from these surveys

are considered final at the time of publication.

Foreign distribution of U.S. coal, major exporting

State, and destination, along with foreign distribution

of metallurgical and steam coal (Tables 62, 63, and

64, respectively), was determined using EIA-6 distribution data by origin State, and coal export data from

King's COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation,

Knoxville, Tennessee) which gives the metallurgical

and steam as well as the destination country data. The

percentage of metallurgical and steam coal for each

country of destination are applied to the EIA-6 export

figures for each State of origin to derive coal distribution data that links State of origin to countries of

destination by type of coal. The King's destination

country data are considered to be more accurate than

the Census country of destination data because it

accounts for transhipments through intermediate

countries to final destination countries, whereas the

Census data would designate the destination as the

intermediate country.

Copies of the survey forms and instructions used to

collect data appearing in this publication can be

obtained by calling EIA's National Energy Information Center at (202) 586-8800.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 249 
Technical Notes

1. Differences in Related Coal

Data

Coal Production versus Coal Distribution. Coal production represents newly mined coal. Coal distribution represents shipments of newly mined coal and

coal from producer/distributor stockpiles (previously

mined coal).

Coal Distribution versus Coal Receipts. Differences

in coal distribution data and coal receipts data are due

to the time lag between distribution and receipt of

coal shipments, and due to the survey threshold differences. In addition, coal distributed includes only

domestic coal, whereas receipts include imported

coal.

Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal versus U.S. Coal

Exports. Foreign distribution of U.S. coal does not

equal U.S. coal exports due to reporting time differences and survey threshold differences.

Receipts of Imported Coal versus U.S. Coal Imports.

Receipts of imported coal at electric utilities and manufacturing and coke plants does not equal U.S. coal

imports due to reporting time differences. In addition,

it does not include receipts at independent power producers.

2. Other Industrial Plants and

Manufacturing

The other industrial plants end-use sector includes

the manufacturing, agriculture, forestry and fishing,

mining, and construction industries. Manufacturing

accounts for approximately 97 percent of the coal

receipts and consumption and 100 percent of the coal

stocks in the other industrial plants sector as reported

herein. Data sources for the other industrial plants

sector and the manufacturing sector are Forms EIA-6

and EIA-3, respectively. The source statement in each

table identifies the survey used to collect coal data for

the other industrial plants sector, and the following

technical notes describe the methodology used when

data were derived.

3. Residential and

Commercial

To reduce the reporting burden to coal users, the EIA

does not conduct any survey of coal data from residential and commercial users of coal. Shipments of

coal to this sector, reported by producers and distributors of coal on Form EIA-6, are equated to coal

receipts and consumption by the residential and commercial sector, assuming no stock changes.

4. Consumer Prices

Prices are derived for each end-use sector as follows:

Electric Utilities. Prices are reported for each plant in

cents-per-million Btu on FERC Form 423. The price

per ton of coal is calculated at each plant using centsper-million Btu and the average Btu content per pound

of coal for the appropriate rank of coal. The average

prices appearing in the tables (e.g., across all States)

are calculated by summing the dollar value at each

plant (short tons of coal multiplied by price per short

ton) and dividing by the corresponding total tons. For

more information about prices of coal at electric utilities, see the EIA publication, Electric Power Monthly

(DOE/EIA-0226).

Coke Plants. Respondents are asked to report the

number of tons of coal received (or coke distributed)

on Form EIA-5 and the total value of that coal (or

coke) in dollars. Average prices are calculated by

summing the reported values (e.g., across all States)

and dividing by the corresponding total tons.

Other Industrial Plants. Respondents (manufacturing

plants only) are asked to report the number of tons of

coal received on Form EIA-3 and the total value of

that coal in dollars. Average prices are calculated by

summing the reported values across all States and

dividing by the corresponding total tons.

Residential and Commercial. Data are not collected.

See Technical Note 3.

5. Consumption

250 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Annual Data

Annual coal consumption data are sums of quarterly

or monthly data described below except for nonutility

power producers whose coal consumption is not

included in this report. These data are however,

reported on Form EIA-867 and published in the Electric Power Annual (DOE/EIA-0348).

Electric Utilities. Consumption is reported on Form

EIA-759.

Coke Plants. Consumption is reported on Form

EIA-5.

Other Industrial Plants. In deriving a quarterly estimate for coal consumption for the other industrial

plants sector, the first step is to equate consumption

to beginning stocks plus receipts minus ending stocks.

In terms of an equation, consumption can be

expressed as C = Sb + R - Se, where Sb = beginning

stocks, R = receipts, and Se = ending stocks.

Therefore, consumption is C = (Sb - Se (change in

stocks)) + R. Next, stock change at the State level is

equated to the stock change for that State as reported

on Form EIA-3, receipts at the State level are derived

as described in Section 3, and a computed consumption is derived using the same equation for each State.

Finally, the quarterly consumption (C) at the State

level is equated to the maximum of the computed consumption at the State level, as previously described,

and the quarterly consumption for that State as

reported on Form EIA-3. This process ensures that

State-level consumption for the other industrial

plants sector is always greater than or equal to the

manufacturing sector consumption for that State.

Total quarterly consumption for the other industrial

plants sector is computed by summing the quarterly

State-level consumption figures.

Residential and Commercial. Shipments to the residential and commercial sector as reported on Form

EIA-6 are defined as consumption as well as receipts

for this end-use sector.

EIA publishes monthly estimates of coal consumption

in the Monthly Energy Review (DOE/EIA-0035).

Monthly coal consumption at electric utility plants is

derived directly from Form EIA-759. Prior to 1980,

monthly coal consumption at coke plants was derived

directly from Form EIA-5. For 1981 through 1987, it

was derived from the quarterly coal consumption

reported on Form EIA-5, using the ratios of monthly

to quarterly consumption in 1979, the last year that

coke plant data were collected monthly on Form

EIA-5. These ratios by month (January - December)

are 0.3377, 0.3200, 0.3423; 0.3529, 0.3462, 0.3009;

0.3364, 0.3347, 0.3289; and 0.3273, 0.3301, 0.3426.

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption at coke

plants is derived from quarterly coal consumption

reported on Form EIA-5, using ratios derived from

monthly data on raw steel production published by the

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) on Form

AIS7. The ratio is the proportion of monthly raw steel

production from open hearth and basic oxygen process

furnaces to the quarterly raw steel production from

those furnace types.

Prior to 1978, coal consumption for the other industrial plants sector (i.e., industrial users minus coke

plants) was derived by using monthly data reported on

Form EIA-3 to modify baseline coal consumption

figures from the most recent Census of Manufactures

or Annual Survey of Manufactures, Bureau of the

Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. For 1978

through 1987, data from Forms EIA-3 and EIA-6 are

used to compute monthly coal consumption for the

other industrial plants sector.

Given the quarterly consumption for the other industrial plants sector (C), the monthly consumption for

the sector (Cm) is estimated for each month in the

quarter as Cm = (Cm3/C3) x C where Cm3/C3 is the

ratio of monthly to quarterly coal consumption as

reported on Form EIA-3. For the 1978 coal consumption figures, the ratios used are based on 1978 EIA-3

data. For 1979 through 1987, the ratios used are based

on the 1979 EIA-3 data. These 1979 ratios by month

(January - December) are 0.3593, 0.3264, 0.3143;

0.3485, 0.3332, 0.3183; 0.3317, 0.3407, 0.3276; and

0.3045, 0.3253, 0.3702.

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption for the

other industrial plants sector is derived from quarterly

coal consumption reported on Form EIA-3 using

monthly ratios derived from the industrial production

indices published by the Board of Governors of the

Federal Reserve System. Six major industry groups'

indices are used as the basis for calculating the

monthly ratios. These groups are foods (Standard

Industrial Classification (SIC) 20), paper and products

(SIC 26), chemicals and products (SIC 28), petroleum

products (SIC 29), clay, glass, stone products (SIC

32), and primary metals (SIC 33).

The monthly ratios are computed as the monthly sum

of weighted indices as a proportion of the quarterly

sum of weighted indices, using the 1985 proportion as

the weight.

Prior to 1980, monthly coal consumption for the residential and commercial sector was derived by using

monthly data reported on Form EIA-2, "Monthly Coal

Report - Retail Dealers and Upper Lake Docks," to

modify baseline coal consumption figures developed

by the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior.

For 1980, the quarterly coal consumption figures in

the residential and commercial sector are converted

to monthly coal consumption figures using the ratios

of monthly to quarterly coal deliveries to this sector

in 1979 as reported on Form EIA-2. These 1979 ratios

by month (January-December) are 0.4002, 0.3502,

0.2496; 0.4805, 0.2901, 0.2294; 0.3126, 0.2952,

0.3922; and 0.2931, 0.3101, 0.3968. The 1981 and

1982 monthly coal consumption figures were derived

using the 1979 ratios but were also modified

according to heating/cooling degree-days. For 1983

through 1987, coal consumption figures are converted

to monthly coal consumption figures using only the

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 251 
ratios of monthly to quarterly coal deliveries to this

sector in 1979.

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption figures

are derived using the monthly national average population weighted heating/cooling degree-days obtained

from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The ratio is the proportion of the monthly

national sum of heating and cooling degree-days to

the quarterly sum.

6. Stocks

Annual stocks are calculated at the end of the year or

the end of the 4th quarter. Coal stocks are derived for

each end-use sector as follows:

Electric Utilities. Stocks are reported on Form

EIA-759.

Coke Plants. Stocks are reported on Form EIA-5.

Other Industrial Plants. Stocks are reported on Form

EIA-3, i.e., stocks at manufacturing plants only.

Technical Note 1 discusses the difference between

other industrial plants and manufacturing plants.

Residential and Commercial. Data are not available.

See Technical Note 3.

Producer and Distributor. Stocks are reported on

Form EIA-6.

7. Methods of Transportation

Rail: Shipments of coal moved to consumers by rail,

either private or public/commercial. Included is coal

hauled to or away from a railroad siding by truck.

Water Transportation: Shipments of coal moved by

one of the three methods--river, Great Lakes, or

tidewater piers and coastal ports. Included in these

shipments is coal hauled to or from water loading

facilities by other means of transportation.

River: Shipments of coal moved to consumers via

river by barge, except shipments to Great Lakes

coal loading docks or tidewater piers or coastal

ports.

Great Lakes: Shipments of coal moved to consumers

via the Great Lakes. These shipments are moved via

the Great Lakes coal loading docks, which are identified by name and locations as follows: Superior

Midwest Energy Terminal, Superior, Wisconsin;

Bessemer & Lake Erie Coal Storage & Transfer

Facility, Conneaut, Ohio; B&O Railroad

Coal Loading Dock, Lorain, Ohio; C&O Railroad

Presque Isle Docks, Toledo, Ohio; Lakefront Dock &

Railroad Terminal Company Coal Loading Dock,

Toledo, Ohio; N&W Sandusky Coal Pier No. 3,

Sandusky, Ohio; ConRail Coal Transfer Facilities,

Ashtabula, Ohio; Rail to Water Transfer Corporation

Dock, Chicago, Illinois.

Tidewater Piers and Coastal Ports: Shipments of coal

moved to tidewater piers and coastal ports for further

shipments to consumers via coastal water or ocean.

The tidewater piers are identified by name and

location as follows: B&O Curtis Bay Coal Piers,

Baltimore, Maryland; C&O Coal Piers Nos. 14 & 15,

Newport News, Virginia; N&W Lamberts Point Coal

Piers Nos. 5 & 6, Norfolk, Virginia; Alabama State

Docks Bulk Handling Plant, Mobile, Alabama;

Alabama State Docks/McDuffie Terminals, Mobile,

Alabama; Canton Coal Piers, Baltimore Harbor on the

Chesapeake Bay; Greenwich Coal Pier, Greenwich

Point, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on Delaware River;

Port Richmond Pier, Pier 18 Port Richmond,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the Delaware River;

Galveston Regional Coal Distribution Center, Pelican

Island, Galveston, Texas; International Marine

Terminals/Plaquemines Parish Terminal, Mile 57

AHP-Mississippi River, approximately 30 miles south

of New Orleans; Energy Terminals of Houston, Inc., a

Subsidiary of Soros Associates, Houston, Texas.

Coastal Ports are those located at Charleston, South

Carolina; New York, New York; San Diego,

California; Los Angeles, California; and Seattle,

Washington.

Truck: Shipments of coal moved to consumers by

truck.

Tramway, Conveyor, or Slurry Pipeline: Shipments

of coal moved to consumers by tramway, conveyor, or

slurry pipeline.

8. Census Export and Import

Data

Export and import data are obtained from the Bureau

of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, where

they are compiled monthly from documents filed with

the U.S. Customs Service, as required by law.

Each coal shipment is reported in short tons with corresponding total dollar values. EIA converts all value

data obtained from the Census Bureau to average

price data by dividing the dollar value by the quantity.

Based on an analysis and sample validation of the

Census Bureau import and export data conducted by

the EIA, it was determined that some of the coal and

coke data collected from the Census Bureau may be

misleading or incorrect (particularly those data associated with very small quantities or very high prices).

Because of this, a methodology was developed to edit

the Census Bureau price data.

Prior to 1989, certain data cells had been suppressed

for publication purposes only: (1) average import coal

prices of $50.00 or more per short ton; (2) average

252 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
export coal prices of $60.00 or more per short ton; (3)

average coke prices of $200.00 or more per short ton;

(4) all percent changes of 500 percent or more.

Beginning with 1989, coal export data were categorized as metallurgical coal and steam coal, rather than

as bituminous steam coal, lignite, anthracite, and

bituminous metallurgical coal.

In addition, coal export tables were revised to present

those countries to which the United States exported

more than 50 thousand short tons in the prior calendar

year. The remaining countries in each continent were

aggregated in an "other" category. This reduces the

number of empty cells and highlights the major

importers of U.S. coal. All coke export and import,

and coal import countries and quantities are displayed.

The following methodology was used to derive the

typical average prices as presented in the price tables.

For all coal, a price distribution was derived from the

prior calendar year export price data. Since extreme

price variations in the Census Bureau data are the

exception rather than the rule, the price distribution

was used to identify a typical price range. The price

distribution, from low to high, along with the frequency of each price (quantity) was analyzed to determine the representative prices. The extreme prices at

both ends of the distribution were eliminated to arrive

at a price range that covered at least 90 percent of the

exports. This price range was considered to include

typical or representative prices. Considering the

records that fell within the typical price range, the

weighted average price was calculated by country of

destination and type of coal.

The same procedure was used to determine the typical

average prices of coal imports. In addition to the

average prices based on the above methodology, a

U.S. total row is presented in the price tables, which

represents the average price using all the Census

Bureau data.

For reporting purposes, the month of exportation

reflects the month in which the shipment leaves the

United States. The month of importation generally is

based on the month in which the U.S. Customs

Service releases the merchandise to the importer. For

both sets of data, however, there can exist a small

carry-over from the actual month of exportation or

importation to a subsequent month, usually the succeeding month. A number of factors in processing

account for this, e.g., late receipt of a document for an

end-of-month shipment, or rejection of a shipment by

the computer due to failure to meet established edit

criteria. These limitations should be considered when

making comparisons.

Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as

of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce

began reporting statistics on U.S. exports to Canada

based on information on imports provided monthly by

the Canadian government.

Comparing Census reported imported coal figures in

Table 34 with EIA reported imported coal receipts at

electric utilities, manufacturers, and coke plants for

1994 shows a difference of about 1.8 million short

tons. The main reason for this is that the EIA receipts

data do not cover imported coal received by nonutility

power producers who are not in the manufacturing

sector.

9. Revisions

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate

Fuels has adopted the following policy with respect to

the revision and correction of recurrent data in energy

publications:

1. Annual survey data collected by this office are published either as preliminary or final when first

appearing in a data report. Data initially released as

preliminary will be so noted in the report. These data

will be revised, if necessary, and declared final in the

next publication of the data.

2. All monthly and quarterly survey data collected by

this office are published as preliminary. These data

are revised only after the completion of the 12-month

cycle of the data. No revisions are made to the published data before this.

3. After data are published as final, corrections will

be made only in the event of a greater than one

percent difference at the national level. Corrections

for differences that are less than the one percent

threshold are left to the discretion of the Office

Director.

10. Price Data and Taxes

F.O.B. mine coal prices and prices of coal delivered

to or received by end-use consumers (electric utility

plants, manufacturing plants, and coke plants) as

reported in this publication include relevant local,

state and federal excise and sales taxes.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 253 
Table D3. Implicit Price Deflator,

1984-1994

Implicit Price Deflator Year (1987 = 100)

1984 91.0

1985 94.4

1986 96.9

1987 100.0

1988 103.9

1989 108.5

1990 113.3 R 1991 117.6 R 1992 120.9 R 1993 123.5

1994 126.1

R Revised data.

Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, Survey of Current Business.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 265 
Glossary

Agglomerating Character: Agglomeration describes

the caking properties of coal. Agglomerating character

is determined by examination and testing of the

residue when a small powdered sample is heated to

950 degrees centigrade under specified conditions. If

the sample is "agglomerating," the residue will be

coherent, show swelling or cell structure, and be

capable of supporting a 500-gram weight without

pulverizing.

Anthracite: A hard, black lustrous coal, often

referred to as hard coal, containing a high percentage

of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile

matter. Comprises three groups classified according to

the following ASTM Specification D388-91a, on a dry

mineral-matter-free (mmf) basis:

Fixed

Carbon Volatile

Limits Matter

GE LT GT LE

Meta-Anthracite 98 - - 2

Anthracite 92 98 2 8

Semianthracite 86 92 8 14

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

GT = Greater than

LE = Less than or equal to

Anthracite coal is non-agglomerating.

If agglomerating, semianthracite is

classified in the low-volatile group

of the bituminous class.

Ash: Impurities consisting of silica, iron, alumina,

and other incombustible matter that are contained in

coal. Ash increases the weight of coal, adds to the

cost of handling, and can affect the burning characteristics. Ash content is measured as a percent by weight

of coal on an "as received" or a "dry" (moisture-free,

usually part of a laboratory analysis) basis.

Auger Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered

through the use of a large-diameter drill driven into a

coalbed in a hillside. It usually follows contour

surface mining, particularly when the overburden is

too costly to excavate.

Average Annual Percent Change:

n

√ Vn 

V0

− 1 (1)

Where: V0 = the value for the base period.

Vn = the value for the nth period.

n = the number of periods.

Average Daily Production: The ratio of the total

production at a mining operation to the total number

of production days worked at the operation.

Average Length of a Shift: The arithmetic mean

number of hours worked during a production shift.

Overtime is included if usually worked during the

year.

Average Mine Price: The ratio of the total value of

the coal produced at the mine to the total production

tonnage. (See F.O.B. mine price.)

Average Number of Employees per Shift: The

arithmetic mean number of employees working during

a production shift. Includes all employees except

office workers. (See direct labor hours.)

Average Number of Miners Working Daily: The

arithmetic mean number of miners working each day

at a mining operation. Includes maintenance as well

as production work performed.

Average Number of Shifts per Day: The arithmetic

mean number of shifts each day at a mining operation.

Includes maintenance as well as production shifts.

Average Production per Miner per Day: The

product of the average production per miner per hour

at a mining operation and the average length of a production shift at the operation.

Average Production per Miner per Hour: The ratio

of the total production at a mining operation to the

total direct labor hours worked at the operation.

Average Production per Miner per Shift: Calculated by multiplying average production per miner per

hour by the average length of a miner shift.

Average Quality of Coal: Refers to individual measurements such as heat value, fixed cabon, moisture,

ash, sulfur, phosphorus, major, minor, and trace elements, coking properties, petrologic properties, and

particular organic constituents. The individual quality

elements may be aggregated in various ways to classify coal for such special purposes as metallurgical,

gas, petrochemical, and blending usages.

Average Recovery Percentage: Average recovery

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can

be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines,

averaged for all mines in the reported geographic

area.

Bituminous Coal: The most common coal. It is

dense and black (often with well-defined bands of

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 255 
bright and dull material). Its moisture content is

usually less than 20 percent. It is used for generating

electricity, making coke, and for space heating. Comprises five groups classified according to ASTM

Specification D-388-91a, on a dry mineral-matter-free

mmf basis for fixed-carbon and volatile matter and a

moist mmf basis for calorific value. Coals having 69

percent or more fixed carbon on the dry, mineralmatter-free basis shall be classified according to fixed

carbon, regardless of calorific (heating) value. Highvolatile C bituminous coal is agglomerating, but other

bituminous coals are commonly agglomerating.

However, it is recognized that there may be

nonagglomerating varieties in these groups of the

bituminous class, and there are notable exceptions in

the high-volatile C bituminous group. Coals with less

than 69 percent fixed carbon, but with 14,000 or more

Btu per pound, are classified as high-volatile A

bituminous.

Fixed Volatile Calorific

Carbon Matter Value

Limits Limits Limits

Btu/lb.

GE LT GT LT GE LE

lv 78 86 14 22 - -

mv 69 78 22 31 - -

hvA - 69 31 - 14000 -

hvB - - - - 13000 14000

hvC - - - - 10500 13000

lv = Low-volatile bituminous coal

mv = Medium-volatile bituminous coal

hvA = High-volatile A bituminous coal

hvB = High-volatile B bituminous coal

hvC = High-volatile C bituminous coal

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

GT = Greater than

LE = Less than or equal to

Btu (British thermal unit): The amount of heat

needed to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water

by 1 degree fahrenheit. The Btu is a convenient

measure by which to compare the energy content of

various fuels.

Cannel Coal: A variety of bituminous coal that is

noncaking, contains a high percentage of volatile

matter, ignites easily, and burns with a luminous

smokey flame.

Capacity Utilization: Capacity utilization is computed by dividing production by productive capacity

and multiplying by 100.

Captive Coal: Coal produced and consumed by the

mine operator, a subsidiary, or parent company (for

example, steel companies and electric utilities).

Carbon Dioxide: CO2 A colorless, odorless,

incombustible gas formed during combustion in

fossil-fuel electric generation plants.

Census Divisions: The nine geographic divisions of

the United States established by the Bureau of the

Census, U.S. Department of Commerce for statistical

analysis. The boundaries of Census divisions coincide

with State boundaries. In some cases, the Pacific

Division is subdivided into the Pacific Contiguous

and Pacific Noncontiguous areas.

CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight.

Coal Carbonized: The amount of coal decomposed

into solid coke and gaseous products by heating in a

coke oven in a limited air supply or in the absence of

air.

Coal (Coke): See Coke (coal).

Coal Mining Productivity: Coal mining productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production

by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine

employees.

Coal Preparation: The process of sizing and

cleaning coal to meet market specifications by

removing impurities such as rock, sulfur, etc. May

include crushing, screening, or mechanical cleaning.

Coal-Producing Regions: A geographic classification of coal-producing States. The States in the

Appalachian Region are Alabama, Georgia, eastern

Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee,

Virginia, and West Virginia. The States in the Interior

Region are Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,

western Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma,

and Texas. The States in the Western Region are

Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Montana, New

Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, Washington, and

Wyoming.

Coal-Producing States: The States where mined

and/or purchased coal originates are defined as

follows: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas,

California, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,

Kentucky Eastern, Kentucky Western, Louisiana,

Maryland, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, North

Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania anthracite,

Pennsylvania bituminous, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,

Virginia, Washington, West Virginia Northern, West

Virginia Southern, and Wyoming. The following

Coal-Producing States are split in origin of coal, as

defined below:

• Kentucky, Eastern All mines located in counties

other than the Western Kentucky counties.

• Kentucky, Western All mines in the following

counties in Western Kentucky: Butler, Caldwell,

Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Edmonson,

Grayson, Hancock, Henderson, Hopkins, Logan,

McLean, Muhlenberg, Ohio, Simpson, Todd,

Union, Warren, and Webster.

• Pennsylvania Anthracite All mines in the following counties: Carbon, Columbia, Dauphin,

Lackawanna, Lebanon, Luzerne, Northumberland,

Schuylkill, Sullivan, and Susquehanna. All

anthracite mines in Bradford County.

• Pennslyvania Bituminous All mines located in

counties other than the Pennsylvania anthracite

counties and all bituminous mines in Bradford

County.

• West Virginia, Northern All mines in the following counties (formerly defined as Coal256 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Producing Districts 1, 3, & 6): Barbour, Brooke,

Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, Gilmer, Grant,

Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Lewis, Marion,

Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, Ohio, Pleasants,

Preston, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor,

Tucker, Upshur, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and

Wood.

• West Virginia, Southern All mines in the following counties (formerly defined as CoalProducing Districts 7 & 8): Boone, Cabell, Clay,

Fayette, Greenbrier, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan,

Mason, McDowell, Mercer, Mingo, Monroe,

Nicholas, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, Summers,

Wayne, and Wyoming.

Coal Rank/Group: A classification of coal based on

fixed carbon, volatile matter, calorific (heating) value,

and agglomerating character. Coal is ranked progressively from lignite (least carbonaceous) to anthracite

(most carbonaceous). The rank of coal can also determined by measuring the reflectance of vitrinite, one of

several organic components of coal. The lower rank

coal can be classified based on heat content. The heat

content of the higher rank coals is generally above 14

thousand Btu per pound for each coal rank group

(except for meta-anthracite, which trends slightly

lower), and heat content ranges vary within a relatively narrow range. Since heat content is not a

dependable criterion for these higher rank coals, their

rank categories are instead described by degree of

metamorphism, or "coalification", a property that is

measured by fixed carbon content. Finally, the

agglomerating character of bituminous coals is a critical attribute for certain coal consumers, and thus

agglomerating character has come to define the distinctions between certain adjacent coal groups. Some

high-volatile C bituminous and subbituminous A coals

can be distinguished only on the basis of

agglomerating character. Percentages are based on dry

mineral-matter-free coal. Volatile matter (not shown)

is the complement of fixed carbon; that is, the percentages of fixed carbon and volatile matter sum to

100 percent. As fixed carbon percentage decreases,

therefore, volatile matter percentage increases by the

same amount.

Coal Stocks: The supply of coal at a mine, plant, or

utility at the end of the reporting period.

Coalbed: A bed or stratum of coal. Also called a

coal seam.

Cogenerator: A generating facility that produces

electricity and another form of useful thermal energy

(such as heat or steam) used for industrial, commercial, heating, and cooling purposes. To receive status

as a qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility

Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), the facility must

produce electric energy and "another form of useful

thermal energy through the sequencial use of energy,"

and meet certain ownership, operating, and efficiency

criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory

Commission (FERC). (See the Code of Federal Regulation, Title 18, Part 292.)

Coke (coal): In general, coke is made from

bituminous coal (or blends of bituminous coal) from

which the volatile constituents are driven off by

baking in an oven at temperatures as high as 2,000

degrees Fahrenheit, so that the fixed carbon and ash

are fused together. Coke is hard and porous, has a

gray, submetallic luster, and is strong enough to

support a load of iron ore in a blast furnace. It is used

both as a fuel and a reducing agent in smelting iron

ore in a blast furnace. Coke has a heating value of

24.8 million Btu per short ton.

Coke Plants: Plants where coal is carbonized in slot

or beehive ovens for the manufacture of coke.

Continuous Mining: A form of room-and-pillar

mining in which a continuous mining machine

extracts and removes coal from the working face in

one operation; no blasting is required.

Conventional Mining: The oldest form of room-andpillar mining which consists of a series of operations

that involve cutting the coalbed so it breaks easily

when blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and

then loading the broken coal.

Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A type of sale in

which the buyer of the product agrees to pay a unit

price that includes the F.O.B. value of the product at

the point of origin plus all costs of insurance and

transportation. This type of transaction differs from a

"delivered" purchase in that the buyer accepts the

quantity as determined at the loading port (as certified

by the Bill of Loading and Quality Report) rather than

pay on the basis of the quantity and quality ascertained at the unloading port. It is similar to the terms

of an F.O.B. sale, except that the seller, as a service

for which he is compensated, arranges for transportation and insurance.

Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in

liquid phase in underground reservoirs and remains

liquid at amospheric pressure after passing through

surface-separating facilities. Included are lease

condensate and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar

sands, gilsonite and oil shale. Drip gases are also

included, but topped crude (residual oil) and other

unfinished oils are excluded. Liquids produced at

natural gas processing plants and mixed with crude oil

are likewise excluded where identifiable. Crude oil is

considered as either domestic or foreign, according to

the following: or from its "outer continental shelf" as

defined in 43 U.S.C. 1331. States. Imported

Athabasca hydrocarbons are included.

Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sized coal;

sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17

million Btu per short ton.

Customs District: Customs districts, as defined by

the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, "Monthly Report EM 545," are as follows

• Eastern: Bridgeport, CT, Washington, DC,

Boston, MA, Baltimore, MD, Portland, ME,

Buffalo, NY, New York City, NY, Ogdensburg,

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 257 
NY, Philadelphia, PA, Providence, RI, Norfolk,

VA, St. Albans, VT.

• Southern: Mobile, AL, Savannah, GA, Miami,

FL, Tampa, FL, New Orleans, LA, Wilmington,

NC, San Juan, PR, Charleston, SC, Dallas-Fort

Worth, TX, El Paso, TX, Houston-Galveston, TX,

Laredo, TX, Virgin Islands.

• Western: Anchorage, AK, Nogales, AZ, Los

Angeles, CA, San Diego, CA, San Fracisco, CA,

Honolulu, HI, Great Falls, MT, Portland, OR,

Seattle, WA.

• Northern: Chicago, IL, Detroit, MI, Duluth, MN,

Minneapolis, MN, St. Louis, MO, Pembina, ND,

Cleveland, OH, Milwaukee, WI.

Demonstrated Reserve Base: A collective term for

the sum of coal in both measured and indicated

resource categories of reliability which represents 100

percent of the coal in these categories in place as of a

certain date. Includes beds of bituminous coal and

anthracite 28 inches or more thick and beds of

subbituminous coal 60 inches or more thick that occur

at depths to 1 thousand feet. Includes beds of lignite

60 inches or more thick that can be surface mined.

Includes also thinner and/or deeper beds that presently

are being mined or for which there is evidence that

they could be mined commercially at this time.

Represents that portion of the identified coal resource

from which reserves are calculated.

Depletion: The subtraction of both the tonnage

produced and the tonnage lost to mining from identified resources to determine the remaining tonnage as

of a certain time.

Depletion Factor: The multiplier applied to the

tonnage produced to compute depletion. This multiplier takes into account both the tonnage recovered

and the tonnage lost due to mining. The depletion

factor is the reciprocal of the recovery factor in

relation to a given quantity of production.

Direct Labor Hours: Direct labor hours worked by

all mining employees at a mining operation during the

year. Includes hours worked by those employees

engaged in production, preparation, development,

maintenance, repair, shop or yard work, management,

and technical or engineering work. Excludes office

workers. Excludes vacation and leave hours.

Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one

of the petroleum fractions produced in conventional

distillation operations. Included are products known

as No.1, No.2, and No.4 fuel oils and No.1, No.2, and

No.4 diesel fuels. It is used primarily for space

heating, on-and-off-highway diesel engine fuel

(including railroad engine fuel and fuel for agricultural machinery), and electric power generation.

Dredge Mining: A method of recovering coal from

rivers or streams.

Drift Mine: An underground mine that has a horizontal entry dug to a coalbed in a hillside.

Dry (Coal) Basis: Coal quality data calculated to a

theoretical basis in which no moisture is associated

with the sample. This basis is determined by measuring the weight loss of a sample when its inherent

moisture is driven off under controlled conditions of

low temperature air-drying followed by heating to just

above the boiling point of water (104 to 110 degrees

centigrade).

Electricity: A form of energy generated by friction,

induction, or chemical change that is caused by the

presence and motion of elementary charged particles

of which matter consists.

Electricity Generation: The process of producing

electric energy or transforming other forms of energy

into electric energy. Also the amount of electric

energy produced or expressed in watthours (Wh).

Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of

electric energy produced by the generating station or

stations, measured at the generator terminals.

Electricity Generation, Net: Gross generation less

electricity consumed at the generating plant for

station use. Electricity required for pumping at

pumped-storage plants is regarded as plant use and is

deducted from gross generation.

Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime

movers, electric generators, and auxiliary equipment

for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or fission

energy into electric energy.

Electric Utility: A corporation, person, agency,

authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality that

owns and/or operates facilities within the United

States, its territories or Puerto Rico for the generation,

transmission, distribution, or sale of electric energy

primarily for use by the public and files forms listed

in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 18, Part 141.

Facilities that qualify as cogenerators or small power

producers under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies

Act (PURPA) and exempt wholesale generators under

Energy Policy Act of 1992 are not considered electric

utilities. See definition of nonutility power producer.

Electric Utility Sector: The electric utility sector

consists of privately and publicly owned establishments that generate, transmit, distribute, or sell electricity primarily for use by the public and that meet

the definition of an electric utility. Nonutility power

producers are not included in the electric utility

sector.

Emissions: The pollutants dischaged into the atmosphere in exhaust gases. For coal-burning plants, these

emissions are primarily Carbon Dioxide ( CO2),

Nitrogen Oxide ( NOx), and Sulfur Dioxide ( SO2).

Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by

the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the

conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic

energy). Energy has several forms, some of which are

easily convertible and can be changed to another form

useful for work. Most of the world's convertible

energy comes from fossil fuels that are burned to

258 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
produce heat that is then used as a transfer medium to

mechanical or other means in order to accomplish

tasks. Electrical energy is usually measured in

kilowatthours, while heat energy is usually measured

in British thermal units.

Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source

of heat or power or as an input in the manufacturing

process.

Exports: Shipments of goods from the 50 States and

the District of Columbia to foreign countries, Puerto

Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. possessions

and territories.

Fahrenheit: A temperature scale on which the

boiling point of water is at 212 degrees above zero on

the scale and the freezing point is at 32 degrees above

zero at standard atmospheric pressure.

F.A.S. Value: Free alongside ship value. The value

of a commodity at the port of exportation, generally

including the purchase price plus all charges incurred

in placing the commodity alongside the carrier at the

port of exportation in the country of exportation.

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC):

A quasi-independent regulatory agency within the

Department of Energy having jurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing, natural gas pricing, oil pipeline

rates, and gas pipeline certification.

Federal Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining

company to produce coal from land owned and administered by the Federal Government in exchange for

royalties and other revenues.

Federal Power Act: Enacted in 1920, and amended

in 1935, the Act consists of three parts. The first part

incorporated the Federal Water Power Act administered by the former Federal Power Commission,

whose activities were confined almost entirely to

licensing non-Federal hydroelectric projects. Parts II

and III were added with the passage of the Public

Utility Act. These parts extended the Act's jurisdiction to include regulating the interstate transmission

of electrical energy and rates for its sale as wholesale

in interstate commerce. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is now charged with the administration of this law.

Federal Power Commission: The predecessor

agency of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The Federal Power Commission (FPC) was

created by an Act of Congress under the Federal

Water Power Act on June 10, 1920. It was charged

originally with regulating the electric power and

natural gas industries. The FPC was abolished on September 20, 1977, when the Department of Energy was

created. The functions of the FPC were divided

between the Department of Energy and the Federal

Energy Regulatory Commission.

FERC: The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

Fixed Carbon: The nonvolatile matter in coal minus

the ash. Fixed carbon is the solid residue other than

ash obtained by prescribed methods of destructive

distillation of a coal. Fixed carbon is the part of the

total carbon that remains when coal is heated in a

closed vessel until all volatile matter is driven off.

Flue Gas Desulfurization Unit (Scrubber): Equipment used to remove sulfur oxides from the combustion gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the

atmosphere. Chemicals, such as lime, are used as the

scrubbing media.

Flue Gas Particulate Collectors: Equipment used to

remove fly ash from the combustion gases of a boiler

plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Particulate

collectors include electrostatic precipitators, mechanical collectors (cyclones), fabric filters (baghouses),

and wet scrubbers.

F.O.B. Mine Price: The free on board mine price.

This is the price paid for coal at the mining operation

site. It excludes freight or shipping and insurance

costs.

Foreign-Controlled Firms: Foreign-controlled firms

are U.S. coal producers with more than 50 percent of

their stock or assets owned by a foreign firm.

Fossil-Fuel Electric Generation: Electric generation

in which the prime mover is a turbine rotated by highpressure steam produced in a boiler by heat from

burning fossil fuels.

Geothermal Energy: Energy from the internal heat

of the Earth, which may be residual heat, friction

heat, or a result of radioactive decay. The heat is

found in rocks and fluids at various depths and can be

extracted by drilling and/or pumping.

Greenhouse Effect: The increasing mean global

surface temperature of the earth caused by gases in

the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide, methane,

nitrous oxide, ozone, and chlorofluorocarbon). The

greenhouse effect allows solar radiation to penetrate

but absorbs the infrared radiation returning to space.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of

goods and services produced by labor and property in

the United States. As long as the labor and property

are located in the United States, the supplier (that is,

the workers and, for property, the owners) may be

either U.S. residents or residents of foreign countries.

Hand Loading: An underground loading method by

which coal is removed from the working face by

manual labor through the use of a shovel for

conveyance to the surface. Though rapidly disappearing, it is still used in very small-tonnage mines.

High-Volatile A Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

coal.

High-Volatile B Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

coal.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 259 
High-Volatile C Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

coal.

High-Volatile (specific sub-group unknown): See

Bituminous coal.

Hydroelectric Power: The harnessing of flowing

water to produce mechanical or electrical energy.

Implicit Price Deflator: The implicit price deflator,

published by the U.S. Department of Commerce,

Bureau of Economic Analysis, is used to convert

nominal figures to real figures.

Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States and

the District of Columbia from foreign countries and

from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S.

possessions and territories.

Indian Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining

company to produce coal from Indian lands in

exchange for royalties and other revenues; obtained

by direct negotiatian with the Indians, but subject to

approval and administration by the U.S. Department

of the Interior.

Industrial Sector: The industrial sector comprises

manufacturing industries which make up the largest

part of the sector, along with mining, construction,

agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Establishments in

the sector range from steel mills, to small farms, to

companies assembling electronic components. The

SIC codes used to classify establishments as industrial

are 1 through 39.

Interquartile Range: The interquartile range is the

range within which the middle 50 percent of observations are concentrated. See Appendix D, Section

"Interquartile Range".

Jet Fuel: The term includes kerosene-type jet fuel

and naphtha-type jet fuel. Kerosene-type jet fuel is a

kerosene-quality product used primarily for commercial turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines. Naphthatype jet fuel is a fuel in the heavy naphthas range used

primarily for military turbojet and turboprop aircraft

engines.

Lease Condensate: A natural gas liquid recovered

from gas well gas (associated and non-associated) in

lease separators or natural gas field facilities. Lease

condensate consists primarily of pentanes and heavier

hydrocarbons.

Lignite: A brownish-black coal of low rank with

high inherent moisture and volatile matter (used

almost exclusively for electric power generation).

Similar coal in Europe and Australia are also referred

to as brown coal. Comprises two groups classified

according to the following ASTM Specifiaction

D-388-91a for calorific values on a moist mineralmatter-free basis:

Limits Btu/lb.

GE LT

Lignite A 6300 8300

Lignite B - 6300

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

Lignite is non-agglomerating.

Lignite A: See Lignite.

Lignite B: See Lignite.

Longwall Mining: A form of underground coal

mining which is gaining in importance in the United

States and can be used at greater depths than roomand-pillar mining. In longwall mining, a cutting

machine is pulled back and forth across a panel of

coal 300 to 600 feet wide and as much as a mile long,

with the broken coal moved by conveyor. Longwall

mining is done under movable roof supports that are

advanced as the bed is cut. The roof in the mined-out

area is allowed to fall as the mining advances.

Low-Volatile Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

coal.

Major Coal Producing States: Any State that

produces more than 12 million short tons of coal

during the year.

Manufacturing (except coke plants): Those industrial users/plants, not including coke plants, that are

engaged in the mechanical or chemical transformation

of materials or substances into new (i.e., finished or

semifinished) products. Includes coal used for

gasification/liquifaction.

Medium-Volatile Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

Coal.

Merchant Coke Plant: A coke plant where coke is

produced primarily for sale on the commercial (open)

market.

Meta-Anthracite: See Anthracite.

Metallurgical Coal: Coal that meets the requirements for making coke. It must be low in ash and

sulfur and form a coke that is capable of supporting

the charge of iron ore and limestone in a blast

furnace. A blend of two or more bituminous coals is

usually required to make coke.

Metric Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,204.6

pounds.

Mine Type: See Surface Mine and Underground

Mine.

Mineral-Matter-Free Basis: Mineral matter in coal

is the parent material in coal from which ash is

derived, and which comes from minerals present in

the original plant materials that formed the coal, or

from extraneous sources such as sediments and precipitates from mineralized water is called the mineral

matter. Mineral matter in coal cannot be analytically

determined and is commonly calculated using data on

260 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
ash and ash-forming constituents. Coal analyses are

calculated to the mineral-matter-free basis by

adjusting formulas used in calculations in order to

deduct the weight of mineral matter from the total

coal.

Moist (Coal) Basis: "Moist" coal contains its natural

inherent or bed moisture, but does not include water

adhering to the surface. Coal analyses expressed on a

moist basis are performed or adjusted so as to

describe the data when the coal contains only that

moisture which exists in the bed in its natural state of

deposition, and when the coal has not lost any

moisture due to drying.

Naphtha: A genetic term applied to a petroleum

fraction with an approximate boiling range between

122 and 400 degrees fahrenheit.

Natural Gas: A mixture of hydrocarbons and small

quantities of various nonhydrocarbons existing in the

gaseous phase or in solution with crude oil in underground reservoirs.

Natural Gas (Dry): The marketable portion of

natural gas production, which is obtained by subtracting extraction losses, including natural gas

liquids removed at natural gas processing plants, from

total production.

Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Natural gas

liquids recovered from natural gas in processing

plants and, in some situations, from natural gas field

facilities, as well as those extracted by fractionators.

Natural gas plant liquids are defined according to the

published specifications of the Gas Processors Association and the American Society for Testing and Materials as follows: ethane, propane, normal butane,

isobutane, pentanes plus, and other products from

natural gas processing plants (i.e., products meeting

the standards for finished petroleum products

produced at natural gas processing plants, such as finished motor gasoline, finished avaiation gasoline,

special naphthas, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products).

Nitrogen Oxide: NOx. A gas formed in hightemperature environments when nitrogen and oxygen

are present together. This typically occurs in a combustion chamber such as those in fossil-fuel burning

electric utilities. Nitrogen oxide emissions are a contributor to acid rain.

Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or

service at the time of the transaction. The nominal

price, which is expressed in current dollars, is not

adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar.

Nonutility Power Producers: A corporation, person,

agency, authority, or other legal entity or

instrumentality that owns electric generating capacity

and is not an electric utility. Nonutility power producers include qualifying cogenerators, qualifying

small- power producers, and other nonutility generators (including independent power producers) without

a designated franchised service area and which do not

file forms listed in the Code of Federal Regulations,

Title 18, Part 141. (See Electric Utility.)

Nuclear Electric Power: Electricity generated by an

electric power plant whose turbines are driven by

steam generated in a reactor by heat from the fissioning of nuclear fuel.

Number of Mines: The number of mines, or mines

collocated with preparation plants or tipples, located

in a particular geographic area (State or region). If a

mine is mining coal across two counties within a

State, or across two States, then it is counted as two

operations. This is done so that EIA can separate production by State and county.

Number of Mining Operations: The number of

mining operations includes preparation plants with

greater than 5 thousand total direct labor hours.

Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant or a preparation plant only will be counted

as two operations, if the preparation plant processes

both underground and surface coal. Exluded are silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations

except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines

producing less than 10 thousand short tons of coal

during the year, and preparation plants with less than

5 thousand employee hours.

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market,

i.e., coal sold to companies other than the reporting

company's parent company or an operating subsidiary

of the parent company.

Operating Subsidiary: A company which is controlled through the ownership of voting stock, or a

corporate joint venture in which a corporation is

owned by a small group of businesses as a separate

and specific business or project for the mutual benefit

of the members of the group.

Other Industrial Plant: Industrial users, not

including coke plants, engaged in the mechanical or

chemical transformation of materials or substances

into new products (manufacturing); and companies

engaged in the agriculture, mining, or construction

industries.

Other Unions: See Union Type.

Overburden: Any material, consolidated or unconsolidated, that overlies a coal deposit.

Parent Company: A company which solely or

jointly owns the reporting company and which is not

itself a subsidiary of, or owned by, another company.

Percent Utilization: The ratio of total production to

productive capacity, times 100.

Petroleum: Petroleum includes residential and

distillate fuel oils, crude oil, and all other petroleum

fuels, excluding petroleum coke.

Petroleum Coke: A residue that is the final product

of the condensation process in cracking. The product

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 261 
is either marketable petroleum coke or catalyst petroleum coke.

Petroleum Products: Products obtained from the

processing of crude oil (including lease condensate),

natural gas, and other hydrocarbon compounds. Petroleum products include unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasoline, motor

gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel, kerosene-type jet fuel,

kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil,

petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas,

lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil,

still gas, and miscellaneous products.

utilities):

Photovoltiac and Solar Thermal Energy (as used at

electric: Energy radiated by the sun as

electromagnetic waves (electromagnetic radiation)

that is converted at electric utilities into electricity by

means of solar (photovoltiac) cells or concentrating

(focusing) collectors.

Preparation Plant: A mining facility at which coal

is crushed, screened, and mechanically cleaned.

Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks: Producer

and distributor coal stocks consist of coal held in

stock by producers/distributors at the end of a

reporting period.

Productive Capacity: The maximum amount of coal

that a mining operation can produce or process during

a period with the existing mining equipment and/or

preparation plant in place, assuming that the labor and

materials sufficient to utilize the plant and equipment

are available, and that the market exists for the

maximum production.

Quadrillion Btu: 1015 Btu.

Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove

the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the

dollar. Real prices, which are expressed in constant

dollars, usually reflect buying power relative to a base

year.

Recoverable Coal Reserves at Mines: The quantity

of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from

existing coal reserves, as reported on Form EIA-7A.

Recoverable Reserves of Coal: An estimate of the

amount of coal that can be recovered (mined) from the

accessible reserves of the demonstrated reserve base.

Recovery Percentage: The percentage of coal that

can be recovered from the coal deposits at existing

mines.

Refuse Bank: A repository for waste material generated by the coal cleaning process.

Refuse Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered from previously mined coal. It may also be

known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry

dam, or dredge operation.

Report Year: The calendar year beginning at 12:00

a.m. January 1 and ending at 11:59 p.m. December 31.

Residential and Commercial Sector: Housing units;

wholesale and retail businesses (except coal deposits

at active, producing mines as of the end of the year, as

reported on Form EIA-7A. wholesale dealers); health

institutions (hospitals); social and educational institutions (schools and universities); and Federal, State,

and local governments (military installations, prisons,

office buildings).

Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils that remain after

the distillate fuel oils and and lighter hydrocarbons

are distilled away in refinery operations and that

conform to ASTM Specifications D396 and 975.

Included are No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium

viscosity; Navy Special, for use in steam-powered

vessels in government service and in shore power

plants; and No. 6, which includes Bunker C fuel oil

and is used for commercial and industrial heating,

electricity generation, and to power ships. Imports of

residual fuel oil include imported crude oil burned as

fuel.

Room-and-Pillar Mining: The most common

method of underground mining in which the mine roof

is supported mainly by coal pillars left at regular

intervals. Rooms are places where the coal is mined;

pillars are areas of coal left between the rooms.

Room-and-pillar mining is done either by conventional or continuous mining.

Royalties: Payments, in money or kind, of a stated

share of production from mineral deposits, by the

lessee to the lessor. Royalties may be an established

minimum, a sliding-scale, or a step-scale. A step-scale

royalty rate increases by steps as the average production on the lease increases. A sliding-scale royalty

rate is based on average production and applies to all

production from the lease.

Sales Volume: The reported output from Federal

and/or Indian lands, the basis of royalties. It is

approximately equivalent to production, which

includes coal sold, and coal added to stockpiles.

Scoop Loading: An underground loading method by

which coal is removed from the working face by a

tractor unit equipped with a hydraulically operated

bucket attached to the front; also called a front-end

loader.

Semianthracite: See Anthracite.

Shaft Mine: An underground mine that reaches the

coalbed by means of a vertical shaft. In addition to the

passages providing entry to the coalbed, a network of

other passages are also dug, some to provide access to

various parts of the mine and some for ventilation.

Short Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2 thousand

pounds.

Shortwall Mining: A form of underground mining

that involves the use of a continuous mining machine

and movable roof supports to shear coal panels 150 to

262 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
200 feet wide and more than half a mile long.

Although similar to longwall mining, shortwall

mining is generally more flexible because of the

smaller working area. Productivity is lower than with

longwall mining because the coal is hauled to the

mine face by shuttle cars as opposed to conveyors.

SIC: See Standard Industrial Classification.

Silt: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing

as much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes

defined as including very fine coal particles called

silt. Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per

short ton. Synonymous with culm.

Silt, Culm Refuse Bank, or Slurry Dam Mining: A

mining operation producing coal from these sources

of coal. (see refuse mine.)

Slope Mine: An underground mine in which the

entry is driven at an angle to reach the coal deposit.

Slurry Dam: A repository for the silt or culm from a

preparation plant.

Solar Energy: The radiant energy of the sun, which

can be converted into other forms of energy, such as

heat or electricity.

Solar Thermal Collector: A devise designed to

receive solar radiation and convert it into thermal

energy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes a

frame, glazing, and an absorber, together with appropriate insulation. The heat collected by the solar

thermal collector may be used immediately or stored

for later use.

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC): A set of

codes developed by the Office of Management and

Budget which categorizes industries to groups with

similar economic activities.

Steam Coal: All noncoking coal.

Stocks: The supply of coal or coke at a mine, plant,

or utility at the end of the reporting period.

Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum

stocks maintained by the Federal Government for use

during periods of major supply interruption.

Strip (Surface) Mining: A method used on flat

terrain to recover coal by mining long strips successively. The material excavated from the strip being

mined is deposited in the strip previously mined.

Subbituminous Coal: A dull black coal of rank

intermediate between lignite and bituminous, consisting of subbituminous A coal, subbituminous B

coal, and subbituminous C coal, classified according

to the following ASTM Specification D-388-91a on a

moist mineral-matter-free basis:

Calorific

Value

Limits

Btu/lb.

GE LT

Subbituminous A Coal 10500 11500

Subbituminous B Coal 9500 10500

Subbituminous C Coal 8300 9500

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

Subbituminous coal is non-agglomerating.

Subbituminous A Coal: See Subbituminous Coal.

Subbituminous B Coal: See Subbituminous Coal.

Subbituminous C Coal: See Subbituminous Coal.

Sulfur: One of the elements present in varying quantities in coal that contributes to environmental degradation when coal is burned. In terms of sulfur content

by weight, coal is generally classified as low (less

than or equal to one percent), medium (greater than

one percent and less than or equal to three percent),

and high (greater than three percent). Sulfur content is

measured as a percent by weight of coal on an "as

received" or a "dry" (moisture-free, usually part of a

laboratory analysis) basis.

Sulfur Dioxide: SO2. A caustic, corrosive gas that is

a by-product of combustion and emissions from

fossil-fuel burning electric utility plants. The primary

agent in the production of acid rain.

Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Any gaseous substance that, introduced into or commingled with

natural gas, increases the volume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not limited to,

propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still gas,

manufactured gas, biomass gas, or air or inert gases

added for Btu stabilization.

Surface Mine: A coal-producing mine that is usually

within a few hundred feet of the surface. Earth and

rock above or around the coal (overburden) is

removed to expose the coalbed, which is then mined

with surface excavation equipment such as draglines,

power shovels, bulldozers, loaders, and augers. It may

also be known as an area, contour, open-pit, strip, or

auger mine.

Tipple: A central facility used in loading coal for

transportation by rail or truck.

Transportation Sector: The transportation sector

consists of private and public vehicles that move

people and commodities. Included are automobiles,

trucks. buses, motorcycles, railroads and railways

(including streetcars), aircraft, ships, barges, and

natural gas pipelines.

Underground Mine: A mine where coal is produced

by tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is

then mined with underground mining equipment such

as cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and

shortwall mining machines. Underground mines are

classified according to the type of opening used to

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 263 
reach the coal, i.e., drift (level tunnel), slope (inclined

tunnel), or shaft (vertical tunnel).

Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further refinery

processing, except those requiring only mechanical

blending. Includes naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene

and light gas oils, heavy gas oils, and residuum.

Union Type: Union type consists of United Mine

Workers of America (UMWA), and the following

"Other Union" types: Southern Labor Union (SLU),

Appalachian Miners of America (AMA), Scotia

Employees Association (SEA), International Union of

Operation Engineers (IUOE), Utility Workers of

America (UWA), Progressive Mine Workers Association (PMWA), International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), International Chemical

Workers Union (ICWU), Redstone Workers Association (RWA), Chariton Valley Independent Union

(CVIU), American Federation of Labor - Congress of

Industrial Organization (AFL-CIO), Labors International (LABO), Crow Hollow Miners (CROW), Coal

Strippers (COAL), United Steel Workers (USW),

Independent Miners Association (IMA), Independent

Union (INUN), Independence Miners, Brokers, and

Truckers Association (IMBT), Council of Southern

Mountains (CSM), International Brotherhood of

Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers

Union (TEAM), Thompson Creek Workers Association (TCWA), United Brotherhood of Clay Workers

(UBCW), Wilmot Employees Independent Union

(WEIU), Independent Strip Miners Union (ISMU),

Independent Miners (IM), Independent Workers (IW),

Coal Strippers Union (CSU), Independent Miners

Union (IMU), Independent Coal Workers (ICW),

Independent Strip Mining Workers (ISMW), Independent Strip Union (ISU), Association of Bituminous

Contractors (ABC), Arch Minerals Employees Association (AMEA), United Paperworkers International

Union (UPIU), Welch Miners Union (WMU), Falcon

Coal Employees Association (FCEA), Justus

Employees Association (JEA), International Construction Union (ICU), Brotherhood of Miners

(BOM), Western Energy Workers (WEW), Carlin

Independent Union (CIU), International Association

of United Workers Union (IAWU), and Stove,

Furnace and Allied Appliance Workers International

Union of N. A. (SFAW).

U.S. Coal Exports: Amount of U.S. coal shipped to

foreign destinations, as reported in the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, "Monthly

Report EM 545".

U.S. Coal Imports: Amount of foreign coal shipped

to the United States, as reported in the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly

Report IM 145".

Wind Energy (as used at electric utilities): The

kinetic energy of wind converted at electric utilities

into mechanical energy by wind turbines (i.e., blades

rotating from the hub) that drive generators to

produce electricity for distribution.

Wood and Waste (as used at electric utilities):

Wood energy, garbage, bagasse, sewerage gas, and

other industrial, agricultural, and urban refuse used to

generate electricity for distribution.

Volatile Matter: Those products, exclusive of

moisture, given off by a material as gas or vapor. Volatile matter is determined by heating the coal to 950

degrees centigrade under carefully controlled conditions and measuring the weight loss, excluding weight

of moisture driven off at 105 degrees centigrade.

264 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994
Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report,’’ and coal export data presented in King’s COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee).

See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico are

based upon Form EIA-6.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1994 267