Released: September 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

Table 10.23 Reasons that Made HGL (excluding natural gasoline) Unswitchable, 2018;

Level: National Data;Row: NAICS Codes;Column: Reasons that Made Quantity Unswitchable;Unit: Thousand Barrels.

Total Amount of

Total Amount of HGL Unswitchable HGL Equipment is Not Switching Unavailable Long‐Term Una

NAICS (excluding natural gasoline) (excluding natural Capable of Using Adversely Affects Alternative Environmental Contract Sto

Code(a) Subsector and Industry Consumed as Fuel gasoline) Fuel Use Another Fuel the Products Fuel Supply Restrictions(b) in Place(c) Alternative 

Total United States

311 Food 2 1 1 * * * * 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling * * * * * 0 0 

311221 Wet Corn Milling * * * * 0 0 0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing * * * 0 0 * * 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food * * * * 0 0 * 

3115 Dairy Product * * * 0 * 0 0 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing * * * * * * * 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products * * * * * * * 

3121 Beverages * * * * * * * 

3122 Tobacco * * * 0 * 0 0 

313 Textile Mills * * * * * 0 * 314 Textile Product Mills * * * * 0 0 0 

315 Apparel * * * 0 0 0 0 

316 Leather and Allied Products * * * 0 0 0 0 

321 Wood Products 1 1 1 * * * * 

321113 Sawmills * * * * * 0 * 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods * * * * * * * 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products * * * 0 0 0 0 

3219 Other Wood Products * * * * * * 0 

322 Paper 1 1 * * * 0 * 

322110 Pulp Mills * * * 0 0 0 * 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint * * * 0 * 0 0 

322122 Newsprint Mills * * * 0 0 0 0 

322130 Paperboard Mills * * * * 0 0 0 

323 Printing and Related Support * * * * * 0 0 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 5 3 1 * * * * 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 4 3 * * * 0 0 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 1 1 * * * * 0 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials * * * 0 0 0 * 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products * * * * * 0 * 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products * * * 0 0 0 0 

325 Chemicals 2 2 1 * * * * 

325110 Petrochemicals * * * 0 * 0 0 325120 Industrial Gases * * * 0 0 0 0 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals * * * 0 0 0 * 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol * * * 0 * * 0 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals * * * * 0 0 0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals * * * * 0 0 0 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins D D * * 0 0 0 325212 Synthetic Rubber * * * 0 * 0 0 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments * * * 0 0 * * 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers * * * 0 0 0 0 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers * * * 0 0 0 0 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines * * * * * 0 0 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation * * * * * 0 0 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals * * * * 0 0 0 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 1 1 * * 0 0 * 

Non Switchable Amount Attributed t
327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 1 1 * * * * * 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories * * * * * 0 0 

327211 Flat Glass * * * 0 0 * 0 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware * * * * * 0 0 

327213 Glass Containers * * * * 0 0 0 

327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass * * * * * 0 0 

327310 Cements * * * 0 0 0 0 327410 Lime * * * 0 0 0 0 327420 Gypsum * * * * 0 0 0 327993 Mineral Wool * * * 0 * * 0 

331 Primary Metals 1 1 * * * * * 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys * * * * * * * 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel * * * * 0 * * 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum * * * * * * * 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum * * * * 0 * * 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils * * * * 0 0 0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding * * * * * 0 * 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum * * * * * * 0 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining * * * 0 0 0 0 

3315 Foundries * * * * * * * 

331511 Iron Foundries * * * * * * 0 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries * * * * * 0 0 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting * * * * 0 * * 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 1 1 * * 0 * 0 

333 Machinery 1 1 1 * * * * 

334 Computer and Electronic Products * * * 0 0 * 0 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices * * * 0 0 * 0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components * * * * 0 0 * 

336 Transportation Equipment 1 1 * * 0 * * 

336111 Automobiles * * * 0 0 * 0 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles * * * * 0 * * 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts * * * * 0 * 0 

336411 Aircraft * * * 0 0 0 0 

337 Furniture and Related Products * * * 0 0 0 0 339 Miscellaneous * * * * 0 0 0 

Total 17 14 7 * 1 * * 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) The environmental restrictions related to air quality that limit the amount of the usable alternative fuel that could be used instead.

(c) Long‐term contracts are typically with a utility or third‐party supplier such as an energy broker and requires the purchase of a fuel for an extended amount of time.

(d) The storage of usable alternative fuels is not available due to the potential environmental impact of storage tanks.

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.

NA=Not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY21‐312).
Released: September 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

RSE Table 10.23 Relative Standard Errors for Table 10.23;

Unit: Percents.

Total Amount of

Total Amount of HGL Unswitchable HGL Equipment is Not Switching Unavailable Long‐Term Unavail

NAICS (excluding natural gasoline) (excluding natural Capable of Using Adversely Affects Alternative Environmental Contract Storage 

Code(a) Subsector and Industry Consumed as Fuel gasoline) Fuel Use Another Fuel the Products Fuel Supply Restrictions(c) in Place(d) Alternative Fue

Total United States

311 Food 18.4 22.8 30.0 11.9 79.8 0.0 22.4 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 15.0 16.8 25.4 0.0 88.1 X X 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 0.0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 5.8 7.3 8.9 56.2 X X 23.2 

3115 Dairy Product 12.9 19.5 33.3 X 91.3 X X 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 22.0 22.4 26.2 93.6 97.1 0.0 49.1 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 11.3 11.5 15.8 0.0 22.1 70.7 87.5 

3121 Beverages 12.9 13.2 16.6 0.0 56.0 70.7 87.5 

3122 Tobacco 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 

313 Textile Mills 25.7 7.5 6.7 93.5 31.6 X 97.3 

314 Textile Product Mills 29.1 35.0 38.5 99.4 X X X 

315 Apparel 42.3 37.9 45.8 X X X X 316 Leather and Allied Products 31.1 31.4 38.6 X X X X 

321 Wood Products 5.6 5.8 6.4 49.6 50.0 13.2 0.0 

321113 Sawmills 8.6 9.7 10.2 0.0 63.3 X 0.0 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 3.1 3.1 2.3 96.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 5.9 5.9 6.0 X X X X 

3219 Other Wood Products 14.7 15.1 22.6 62.2 92.8 52.3 X 

322 Paper 11.1 11.7 16.5 0.0 0.0 X 95.7 

322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 0.0 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 

322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 

323 Printing and Related Support 21.4 22.3 27.0 0.1 90.4 X X 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 5.6 8.3 1.8 71.8 22.4 87.7 4.4 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 36.8 47.2 22.0 88.6 92.2 87.7 X 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 2.6 2.6 3.5 X X X 0.0 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 19.5 19.5 33.9 0.0 0.0 X 14.3 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 

325 Chemicals 13.9 13.1 11.3 72.5 55.8 0.0 0.0 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 325120 Industrial Gases 70.3 75.7 63.8 X X X X 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 9.2 9.2 10.2 X X X 0.0 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 8.6 8.9 12.7 X 74.3 0.0 X 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 8.3 8.3 24.9 3.4 X X X 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins D D 16.5 0.5 X X X 325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 0.0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 86.5 86.5 21.7 X X X X 325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 25.5 26.6 20.9 0.0 58.4 X X 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 30.1 31.6 28.0 0.0 58.4 X X 

325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 1.5 1.5 0.0 77.9 X X X 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 17.3 15.6 21.0 99.0 X X 97.2 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 27.5 29.3 13.5 89.8 13.7 0.0 99.0 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 5.5 5.8 2.3 0.0 63.4 X X 

327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 X 

Non Switchable Amount Attributed to:
327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 27.7 28.5 41.4 0.0 0.0 X X 

327213 Glass Containers 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 

327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 1.9 1.9 1.7 0.0 0.0 X X 

327310 Cements 1.1 1.2 1.2 X X X X 

327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 327420 Gypsum 1.4 1.4 1.7 0.0 X X X 327993 Mineral Wool 6.3 6.5 10.1 X 0.0 0.0 X 

331 Primary Metals 2.2 2.3 2.6 4.2 0.5 4.7 30.2 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 15.4 16.6 20.8 72.8 X 0.0 36.1 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 1.0 1.0 2.3 0.0 35.7 0.0 30.6 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 1.1 1.1 3.7 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 2.3 2.3 3.9 0.0 35.7 X 32.4 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 1.9 1.7 2.3 45.6 0.5 55.1 X 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 3.1 3.3 1.1 X X X X 

3315 Foundries 1.8 2.0 3.0 8.7 1.1 0.0 0.0 

331511 Iron Foundries 4.5 4.4 6.1 0.0 57.8 0.0 X 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 1.4 1.4 1.8 47.9 0.0 X X 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 2.9 4.9 2.0 25.8 X 0.0 0.0 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 18.3 19.2 20.4 71.5 X 80.2 X 

333 Machinery 28.0 28.3 38.5 88.4 97.9 99.0 67.7 334 Computer and Electronic Products 48.0 30.1 43.4 X X 0.0 X 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 13.2 1.2 4.4 X X 0.0 X 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 24.5 25.4 30.1 89.5 X X 94.1 

336 Transportation Equipment 13.5 14.1 21.3 52.1 X 0.0 80.4 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 X 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 18.5 18.5 25.9 0.0 X 0.0 X 

336411 Aircraft 52.7 52.7 56.0 X X X X 

337 Furniture and Related Products 24.6 25.6 32.6 X X X X 

339 Miscellaneous 45.0 52.9 59.5 99.0 X X X 

Total 3.9 4.5 6.7 28.1 10.4 78.6 27.2 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) The environmental restrictions related to air quality that limit the amount of the usable alternative fuel that could be used instead.

(c) Long‐term contracts are typically with a utility or third‐party supplier such as an energy broker and requires the purchase of a fuel for an extended amount of time.

(d) The storage of usable alternative fuels is not available due to the potential environmental impact of storage tanks.

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.

X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a data table value of zero.

NA=Not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY21‐312).