Release date: April 2015

Revised date: May 2016

All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

Fuel

oil

District

heat

District

chilled

water Propane Other1

All buildings 5,557 5,239 5,234 2,933 467 48 54 510 172

Building floorspace (square feet)

1,001 to 5,000 2,777 2,559 2,556 1,253 204 Q Q 252 69

5,001 to 10,000 1,229 1,172 1,171 660 74 Q Q 134 41

10,001 to 25,000 884 852 852 548 67 Q 9 74 31

25,001 to 50,000 332 326 326 227 39 6 Q 24 16

50,001 to 100,000 199 195 195 142 39 10 10 14 8

100,001 to 200,000 90 90 90 67 19 9 9 8 4

200,001 to 500,000 38 37 37 29 18 5 4 3 3

Over 500,000 8 8 8 6 6 2 1 1 1

Principal building activity

Education 389 389 389 234 30 12 25 25 10

Food sales 177 177 177 82 Q N N Q Q

Food service 380 380 380 283 Q Q Q 47 Q

Health care 157 157 157 95 23 2 Q 10 Q

Inpatient 10 10 10 8 9 1 1 2 Q

Outpatient 147 147 147 87 15 Q Q Q Q

Lodging 158 158 158 99 28 4 Q 26 Q

Mercantile 602 602 599 356 44 Q N 51 22

Retail (other than mall) 438 438 435 232 37 Q N 43 Q

Enclosed and strip malls 164 164 164 124 7 Q N 8 Q

Office 1,012 1,012 1,012 595 86 12 10 35 24

Public assembly 352 352 352 205 27 7 5 67 17

Public order and safety 84 84 84 53 34 Q Q Q Q

Religious worship 412 412 412 229 23 N Q 66 Q

Service 619 602 602 339 86 Q N 69 39

Warehouse and storage 796 676 675 261 26 Q N 45 16

Other 125 123 123 59 28 Q Q 22 Q

Vacant 296 116 116 44 Q Q Q Q Q

Year constructed

Before 1920 362 337 337 202 56 5 Q 45 Q

1920 to 1945 488 459 458 288 44 7 Q 35 22

1946 to 1959 599 554 554 334 53 5 Q 49 15

1960 to 1969 639 609 609 401 75 9 11 54 20

1970 to 1979 684 651 651 406 58 10 9 62 24

1980 to 1989 915 856 856 431 50 2 3 52 21

1990 to 1999 845 764 762 407 51 3 10 89 19

2000 to 2003 375 370 370 182 35 4 5 49 10

2004 to 2007 347 341 341 144 18 2 6 43 Q

2008 to 2012 303 297 296 138 27 Q Q 31 Q

Table B22. Energy sources, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

using any

energy 

source
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

Fuel

oil

District

heat

District

chilled

water Propane Other1

All buildings 5,557 5,239 5,234 2,933 467 48 54 510 172

Table B22. Energy sources, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

using any

energy 

source

Census region and division

Northeast 805 773 770 433 217 16 7 106 51

New England 302 287 285 98 115 Q Q 75 Q

Middle Atlantic 504 486 485 335 102 9 Q 31 22

Midwest 1,237 1,173 1,171 843 77 7 2 133 50

East North Central 735 706 706 577 46 3 2 37 28

West North Central 502 467 466 266 31 4 Q 96 22

South 2,247 2,086 2,086 950 131 18 35 187 34

South Atlantic 1,091 1,020 1,020 387 69 9 22 94 19

East South Central 370 354 354 191 30 Q Q 49 Q

West South Central 786 712 712 372 32 5 6 43 Q

West 1,267 1,207 1,207 707 43 7 9 84 37

Mountain 338 316 316 218 8 Q 1 29 12

Pacific 929 891 891 489 35 5 8 55 Q

Climate region2

Very cold/Cold 2,031 1,934 1,929 1,264 271 18 7 227 112

Mixed-humid 1,743 1,637 1,637 932 131 20 18 170 39

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 837 791 791 428 22 4 7 59 14

Hot-humid 799 740 740 215 36 Q 21 51 Q

Marine 147 138 138 94 7 Q Q Q Q

Number of workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 2,892 2,575 2,570 1,225 214 Q Q 286 84

5 to 9 1,085 1,084 1,084 606 73 Q Q 98 36

10 to 19 731 731 731 498 45 Q Q 66 24

20 to 49 513 513 513 348 44 11 9 40 11

50 to 99 206 206 206 154 39 7 9 11 9

100 to 249 93 93 93 74 30 7 6 7 6

250 or more 37 37 37 27 21 7 5 2 2

Weekly operating hours

Fewer than 40 1,149 942 941 433 58 Q Q 133 Q

40 to 48 1,346 1,325 1,325 726 125 7 12 93 30

49 to 60 1,244 1,232 1,229 757 102 11 10 112 65

61 to 84 764 744 744 454 49 9 9 59 26

85 to 167 479 466 466 281 30 6 12 40 17

Open continuously 575 529 529 282 102 11 11 73 19
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

Fuel

oil

District

heat

District

chilled

water Propane Other1

All buildings 5,557 5,239 5,234 2,933 467 48 54 510 172

Table B22. Energy sources, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

using any

energy 

source

Ownership and occupancy

Nongovernment owned 4,781 4,484 4,480 2,489 365 22 17 435 145

Owner occupied 2,466 2,400 2,395 1,317 223 13 14 297 100

Leased to tenant(s) 1,745 1,675 1,675 951 108 Q 2 107 31

Owner occupied and leased 349 344 344 198 29 2 1 29 13

Unoccupied 221 66 66 23 Q Q N Q Q

Government owned 776 755 755 444 101 26 37 75 27

Federal 33 33 33 21 Q 1 Q Q Q

State 185 183 183 100 15 18 20 13 Q

Local 558 538 538 322 83 7 16 57 16

Energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 5,234 5,234 5,234 2,933 467 48 54 507 167

Natural gas 2,933 2,933 2,933 2,933 164 17 21 69 72

Fuel oil 467 467 467 164 467 10 8 90 41

District heat 48 48 48 17 10 48 26 Q 1

District chilled water 54 54 54 21 8 26 54 Q Q

Propane 510 510 507 69 90 Q Q 510 38

Other 172 172 167 72 41 1 Q 38 172

Energy end uses

(more than one may apply)

Buildings with space heating 4,722 4,722 4,717 2,888 455 48 51 491 172

Buildings with cooling 4,461 4,461 4,461 2,700 360 44 54 420 126

Buildings with water heating 4,423 4,423 4,423 2,742 411 45 51 466 141

Buildings with cooking 1,589 1,589 1,589 1,087 166 14 9 234 60

Buildings with manufacturing 259 259 259 153 25 Q Q 43 Q

Buildings with electricity

generation 410 410 410 270 214 15 12 79 73

Food preparation or serving areas 

in non-food service buildings

(more than one may apply)

Snack bar or concession stand 153 153 153 96 24 3 2 22 5

Fast food or small restaurant 173 173 173 132 19 2 1 24 5

Cafeteria or large restaurant 130 130 130 104 35 6 3 17 11

Commercial kitchen/

food preparation area 282 282 282 221 49 4 3 38 10

Small kitchen area 736 736 736 459 82 3 3 121 31
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

Fuel

oil

District

heat

District

chilled

water Propane Other1

All buildings 5,557 5,239 5,234 2,933 467 48 54 510 172

Table B22. Energy sources, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

using any

energy 

source

 1Other includes wood, coal, solar, and all other energy sources. 

 2These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and 

Renewable Energy (EERE). 

 Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

 N = No cases in reporting sample.

 Notes: ● Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. ● See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definition of terms 

used in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from 

http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 Commercial Buildings 

Energy Consumption Survey.
Release date: April 2015

Revised date: May 2016

All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

Fuel

oil

District

heat

District

chilled

water Propane Other1

All buildings 87,093 84,893 84,869 58,725 20,200 5,964 4,608 7,706 3,826

Building floorspace (square feet)

1,001 to 5,000 8,041 7,501 7,492 3,757 604 Q Q 762 193

5,001 to 10,000 8,900 8,505 8,489 4,817 559 Q Q 959 303

10,001 to 25,000 14,105 13,565 13,565 8,823 1,123 Q 145 1,124 486

25,001 to 50,000 11,917 11,672 11,672 8,148 1,490 213 Q 920 520

50,001 to 100,000 13,918 13,604 13,604 9,935 2,822 704 567 1,042 566

100,001 to 200,000 12,415 12,362 12,362 9,416 2,858 1,313 1,273 1,061 564

200,001 to 500,000 10,724 10,652 10,652 8,293 5,370 1,565 1,064 959 809

Over 500,000 7,074 7,033 7,033 5,535 5,374 2,001 1,306 879 384

Principal building activity

Education 12,239 12,239 12,239 9,520 2,185 1,155 1,292 877 806

Food sales 1,252 1,252 1,252 846 Q N N Q Q

Food service 1,819 1,819 1,819 1,394 Q Q Q 237 Q

Health care 4,155 4,155 4,155 3,292 2,776 684 523 315 106

Inpatient 2,374 2,374 2,374 2,113 2,257 576 477 225 Q

Outpatient 1,781 1,781 1,781 1,179 520 Q Q Q Q

Lodging 5,826 5,826 5,826 4,918 2,051 630 Q 883 Q

Mercantile 11,330 11,330 11,320 8,493 1,119 Q N 839 482

Retail (other than mall) 5,439 5,439 5,430 3,371 454 Q N 575 Q

Enclosed and strip malls 5,890 5,890 5,890 5,123 665 Q N 264 Q

Office 15,952 15,952 15,952 10,290 5,328 1,794 1,096 358 757

Public assembly 5,559 5,559 5,559 3,888 1,663 888 880 858 288

Public order and safety 1,440 1,440 1,440 1,007 908 Q Q Q Q

Religious worship 4,557 4,557 4,557 3,016 391 N Q 487 Q

Service 4,630 4,512 4,512 2,790 733 Q N 555 383

Warehouse and storage 13,077 12,584 12,568 7,007 1,773 Q N 1,516 549

Other 2,002 1,972 1,972 1,378 738 Q Q 393 Q

Vacant 3,256 1,699 1,699 886 Q Q Q Q Q

Year constructed

Before 1920 3,983 3,800 3,800 2,320 1,099 540 Q 265 Q

1920 to 1945 6,025 5,882 5,866 3,792 1,447 888 Q 321 291

1946 to 1959 7,381 7,208 7,208 5,393 1,530 446 203 525 415

1960 to 1969 10,362 10,198 10,198 7,553 2,407 1,002 923 921 490

1970 to 1979 10,846 10,556 10,556 7,979 2,614 930 811 880 499

1980 to 1989 15,230 14,791 14,791 9,887 3,806 449 310 1,214 591

1990 to 1999 13,803 13,123 13,118 9,162 3,201 642 664 1,339 572

2000 to 2003 7,215 7,193 7,193 4,723 1,467 Q Q 903 349

2004 to 2007 6,524 6,485 6,485 4,096 1,497 Q 418 780 Q

2008 to 2012 5,723 5,658 5,653 3,821 1,133 Q Q 559 Q

Table B23. Energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

using any 

energy 

source
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

Fuel

oil

District

heat

District

chilled

water Propane Other1

All buildings 87,093 84,893 84,869 58,725 20,200 5,964 4,608 7,706 3,826

Table B23. Energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

using any 

energy 

source

Census region and division

Northeast 15,534 15,300 15,291 11,068 6,079 1,981 794 1,746 1,087

New England 4,302 4,197 4,192 2,241 1,866 Q Q 861 397

Middle Atlantic 11,232 11,104 11,099 8,827 4,213 1,628 656 885 691

Midwest 18,919 18,575 18,560 15,025 3,935 906 585 1,909 798

East North Central 12,742 12,544 12,544 10,790 2,619 574 420 829 532

West North Central 6,178 6,032 6,016 4,236 1,316 332 Q 1,080 267

South 34,279 33,026 33,026 19,900 7,051 2,191 2,479 2,567 907

South Atlantic 17,981 17,608 17,608 9,984 4,419 1,159 1,202 1,476 554

East South Central 4,904 4,824 4,824 3,436 797 Q Q 470 Q

West South Central 11,394 10,594 10,594 6,480 1,835 646 773 621 Q

West 18,360 17,992 17,992 12,732 3,135 886 749 1,484 1,034

Mountain 4,981 4,812 4,812 3,766 1,092 482 Q 503 403

Pacific 13,379 13,180 13,180 8,966 2,043 404 329 982 631

Climate region2

Very cold/Cold 31,898 31,311 31,286 24,511 8,008 1,926 1,227 3,594 2,011

Mixed-humid 27,873 27,422 27,422 19,361 7,287 3,012 2,027 2,183 1,017

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 12,037 11,743 11,743 7,520 1,605 Q Q 842 496

Hot-humid 12,831 12,002 12,002 5,300 2,597 374 752 998 Q

Marine 2,454 2,416 2,416 2,033 703 Q Q Q Q

Number of workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 17,751 15,555 15,530 7,858 1,489 Q Q 1,689 543

5 to 9 8,973 8,970 8,970 5,355 717 Q Q 902 359

10 to 19 9,623 9,623 9,623 6,799 765 Q Q 932 365

20 to 49 14,514 14,514 14,514 10,613 1,824 623 505 1,246 416

50 to 99 13,476 13,476 13,476 10,320 3,137 669 683 1,052 656

100 to 249 10,941 10,941 10,941 8,880 4,040 1,096 982 958 870

250 or more 11,815 11,815 11,815 8,900 8,229 3,082 1,986 927 618

Weekly operating hours

Fewer than 40 8,220 6,553 6,548 3,705 538 Q Q 691 Q

40 to 48 15,828 15,737 15,737 9,960 2,668 403 521 936 338

49 to 60 20,529 20,445 20,425 14,006 3,910 1,099 805 1,680 1,300

61 to 84 15,867 15,800 15,800 11,494 3,104 844 524 1,261 880

85 to 167 9,395 9,364 9,364 6,734 1,868 631 606 1,296 552

Open continuously 17,253 16,994 16,994 12,827 8,113 2,815 2,005 1,842 661
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

Fuel

oil

District

heat

District

chilled

water Propane Other1

All buildings 87,093 84,893 84,869 58,725 20,200 5,964 4,608 7,706 3,826

Table B23. Energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

using any 

energy 

source

Ownership and occupancy

Nongovernment owned 67,550 65,645 65,620 44,481 14,057 3,135 2,104 5,896 2,663

Owner occupied 30,637 30,345 30,321 20,542 6,308 1,842 1,478 3,569 1,431

Leased to tenant(s) 26,115 25,809 25,809 17,361 4,749 730 297 1,567 789

Owner occupied and leased 8,873 8,820 8,820 6,254 2,928 557 329 743 427

Unoccupied 1,925 670 670 325 Q Q N Q Q

Government owned 19,543 19,248 19,248 14,244 6,143 2,829 2,504 1,810 1,163

Federal 1,573 1,573 1,573 868 1,083 708 Q Q Q

State 5,539 5,522 5,522 3,939 1,400 1,538 1,448 394 Q

Local 12,431 12,153 12,153 9,438 3,660 584 612 1,332 616

Energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 84,869 84,869 84,869 58,725 20,200 5,964 4,608 7,686 3,801

Natural gas 58,725 58,725 58,725 58,725 13,663 2,860 2,431 3,396 2,637

Fuel oil 20,200 20,200 20,200 13,663 20,200 3,110 2,134 3,080 1,133

District heat 5,964 5,964 5,964 2,860 3,110 5,964 3,730 Q 335

District chilled water 4,608 4,608 4,608 2,431 2,134 3,730 4,608 Q Q

Propane 7,706 7,706 7,686 3,396 3,080 Q Q 7,706 488

Other 3,826 3,826 3,801 2,637 1,133 335 Q 488 3,826

Energy end uses

(more than one may apply)

Buildings with space heating 80,078 80,078 80,053 58,129 19,670 5,962 4,561 7,332 3,826

Buildings with cooling 79,294 79,294 79,294 56,899 19,309 5,903 4,608 7,061 3,573

Buildings with water heating 79,015 79,015 79,015 57,019 19,708 5,822 4,511 7,383 3,679

Buildings with cooking 38,546 38,546 38,546 31,026 12,694 3,154 2,084 4,209 2,076

Buildings with manufacturing 5,078 5,078 5,078 3,740 863 Q Q 809 Q

Buildings with electricity

generation 25,642 25,642 25,642 20,271 17,073 3,749 2,731 3,380 2,881

Food preparation or serving areas 

in non-food service buildings

(more than one may apply)

Snack bar or concession stand 9,884 9,884 9,884 7,867 4,868 1,613 996 1,625 552

Fast food or small restaurant 9,787 9,787 9,787 8,345 3,624 1,195 828 1,039 418

Cafeteria or large restaurant 15,222 15,222 15,222 13,043 7,093 1,828 1,309 1,633 1,045

Commercial kitchen/

food preparation area 16,150 16,150 16,150 14,082 6,678 1,562 1,119 1,852 788

Small kitchen area 14,054 14,054 14,054 10,883 4,666 1,138 761 2,062 844
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

Fuel

oil

District

heat

District

chilled

water Propane Other1

All buildings 87,093 84,893 84,869 58,725 20,200 5,964 4,608 7,706 3,826

Table B23. Energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

using any 

energy 

source

 1Other includes wood, coal, solar, and all other energy sources. 

 2These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and 

Renewable Energy (EERE). 

 Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

 N = No cases in reporting sample.

 Notes: ● Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. ● See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definition of terms 

used in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from 

http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 Commercial Buildings 

Energy Consumption Survey.
Release date: April 2015

Revised date: May 2016

All

buildings

Space

heating Cooling

Water

heating Cooking

Manufacturing

Electricity 

generation

All buildings 5,557 4,722 4,461 4,423 1,589 259 410

Building floorspace (square feet)

1,001 to 5,000 2,777 2,257 2,062 2,032 673 86 92

5,001 to 10,000 1,229 1,046 1,004 992 376 75 77

10,001 to 25,000 884 797 774 775 257 51 64

25,001 to 50,000 332 304 302 307 108 28 55

50,001 to 100,000 199 187 187 186 96 11 58

100,001 to 200,000 90 86 88 86 48 5 35

200,001 to 500,000 38 36 37 36 25 2 22

Over 500,000 8 8 8 8 6 Q 6

Principal building activity

Education 389 379 361 332 169 Q 38

Food sales 177 160 165 177 111 Q 16

Food service 380 359 358 379 353 Q Q

Health care 157 153 154 156 22 Q 28

Inpatient 10 9 10 10 9 Q 9

Outpatient 147 144 145 146 13 Q 19

Lodging 158 153 145 158 94 Q 34

Mercantile 602 572 560 531 157 28 31

Retail (other than mall) 438 412 396 367 52 Q 20

Enclosed and strip malls 164 160 164 164 105 Q 10

Office 1,012 989 995 943 130 31 94

Public assembly 352 330 295 317 143 Q 21

Public order and safety 84 81 74 80 56 N 59

Religious worship 412 408 375 383 261 Q Q

Service 619 528 435 442 39 46 19

Warehouse and storage 796 420 391 370 33 77 29

Other 125 100 90 98 Q 41 17

Vacant 296 87 63 56 Q Q Q

Year constructed

Before 1920 362 322 275 286 130 15 14

1920 to 1945 488 413 367 383 138 Q 22

1946 to 1959 599 517 477 460 189 21 24

1960 to 1969 639 559 538 540 188 25 57

1970 to 1979 684 599 563 577 195 32 60

1980 to 1989 915 754 730 727 221 51 59

1990 to 1999 845 675 663 631 232 31 63

2000 to 2003 375 322 321 312 102 29 35

2004 to 2007 347 291 293 275 108 19 34

2008 to 2012 303 270 235 231 84 Q 42

Table B24. Energy end uses, number of buildings, 2012

Energy used for (more than one may apply)

Number of buildings (thousand)
All

buildings

Space

heating Cooling

Water

heating Cooking

Manufacturing

Electricity 

generation

All buildings 5,557 4,722 4,461 4,423 1,589 259 410

Table B24. Energy end uses, number of buildings, 2012

Energy used for (more than one may apply)

Number of buildings (thousand)

Census region and division

Northeast 805 727 592 671 249 44 107

New England 302 264 187 235 104 20 39

Middle Atlantic 504 463 405 436 145 25 68

Midwest 1,237 1,096 970 1,014 370 55 84

East North Central 735 670 601 629 233 29 53

West North Central 502 426 370 385 137 26 31

South 2,247 1,842 1,891 1,740 664 83 141

South Atlantic 1,091 873 935 856 307 31 71

East South Central 370 336 335 325 144 Q 29

West South Central 786 633 621 560 213 41 40

West 1,267 1,057 1,007 997 306 77 78

Mountain 338 293 259 260 84 Q 19

Pacific 929 764 748 737 222 63 59

Climate region1

Very cold/Cold 2,031 1,792 1,497 1,639 574 110 186

Mixed-humid 1,743 1,545 1,482 1,445 558 57 115

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 837 676 682 635 188 Q 47

Hot-humid 799 593 699 590 230 32 51

Marine 147 116 101 113 39 Q 10

Number of workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 2,892 2,184 1,932 1,917 660 92 89

5 to 9 1,085 1,020 999 977 308 61 67

10 to 19 731 692 699 700 271 42 65

20 to 49 513 494 498 495 197 44 63

50 to 99 206 203 203 203 92 13 58

100 to 249 93 92 93 93 40 5 45

250 or more 37 37 37 37 21 2 23

Weekly operating hours

Fewer than 40 1,149 815 690 703 329 Q 28

40 to 48 1,346 1,230 1,168 1,107 228 93 83

49 to 60 1,244 1,143 1,084 1,063 251 95 87

61 to 84 764 672 669 676 290 32 42

85 to 167 479 414 419 428 249 14 43

Open continuously 575 448 431 447 242 10 126
All

buildings

Space

heating Cooling

Water

heating Cooking

Manufacturing

Electricity 

generation

All buildings 5,557 4,722 4,461 4,423 1,589 259 410

Table B24. Energy end uses, number of buildings, 2012

Energy used for (more than one may apply)

Number of buildings (thousand)

Ownership and occupancy

Nongovernment owned 4,781 4,028 3,817 3,791 1,359 248 266

Owner occupied 2,466 2,198 2,046 2,048 854 130 160

Leased to tenant(s) 1,745 1,458 1,421 1,401 416 100 75

Owner occupied and leased 349 325 324 316 82 18 30

Unoccupied 221 47 26 26 Q N Q

Government owned 776 694 644 632 230 10 144

Federal 33 33 33 33 8 Q 6

State 185 168 159 146 40 Q 27

Local 558 493 452 452 182 Q 111

Energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 5,234 4,717 4,461 4,423 1,589 259 410

Natural gas 2,933 2,888 2,700 2,742 1,087 153 270

Fuel oil 467 455 360 411 166 25 214

District heat 48 48 44 45 14 Q 15

District chilled water 54 51 54 51 9 Q 12

Propane 510 491 420 466 234 43 79

Other 172 172 126 141 60 Q 73

Energy end uses

(more than one may apply)

Buildings with space heating 4,722 4,722 4,272 4,237 1,525 234 400

Buildings with cooling 4,461 4,272 4,461 4,097 1,497 217 386

Buildings with water heating 4,423 4,237 4,097 4,423 1,573 228 395

Buildings with cooking 1,589 1,525 1,497 1,573 1,589 64 202

Buildings with manufacturing 259 234 217 228 64 259 18

Buildings with electricity

generation 410 400 386 395 202 18 410

Food preparation or serving areas 

in non-food service buildings

(more than one may apply)

Snack bar or concession stand 153 142 147 150 153 Q 32

Fast food or small restaurant 173 165 172 173 173 Q 32

Cafeteria or large restaurant 130 128 124 130 130 Q 47

Commercial kitchen/

food preparation area 282 276 275 282 282 14 74

Small kitchen area 736 715 679 723 736 30 86

Separate computer areas

(more than one may apply)

Data center or server farm 97 93 96 94 35 6 52

Computer-based training room 244 233 242 241 109 9 64

Student or public computer center 238 236 230 230 138 Q 46
All

buildings

Space

heating Cooling

Water

heating Cooking

Manufacturing

Electricity 

generation

All buildings 5,557 4,722 4,461 4,423 1,589 259 410

Table B24. Energy end uses, number of buildings, 2012

Energy used for (more than one may apply)

Number of buildings (thousand)

 1These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency 

and Renewable Energy (EERE). 

 Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

 N = No cases in reporting sample.

 Notes: ● Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. ● See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definition 

of terms used in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from 

http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 Commercial 

Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Release date: April 2015

Revised date: May 2016

All

buildings

Space

heating Cooling

Water

heating Cooking

Manufacturing

Electricity 

generation

All buildings 87,093 80,078 79,294 79,015 38,546 5,078 25,642

Building floorspace (square feet)

1,001 to 5,000 8,041 6,699 6,124 6,102 2,073 284 321

5,001 to 10,000 8,900 7,590 7,304 7,236 2,733 542 596

10,001 to 25,000 14,105 12,744 12,357 12,401 4,134 855 1,008

25,001 to 50,000 11,917 10,911 10,813 11,007 3,858 1,022 2,032

50,001 to 100,000 13,918 13,114 13,069 13,063 6,870 761 4,139

100,001 to 200,000 12,415 11,941 12,152 11,903 6,587 691 5,050

200,001 to 500,000 10,724 10,348 10,518 10,351 6,969 665 6,665

Over 500,000 7,074 6,730 6,958 6,951 5,322 Q 5,830

Principal building activity

Education 12,239 12,099 11,811 11,905 8,479 Q 4,126

Food sales 1,252 1,196 1,190 1,252 943 Q 394

Food service 1,819 1,762 1,712 1,817 1,738 Q Q

Health care 4,155 4,109 4,148 4,153 2,649 Q 2,954

Inpatient 2,374 2,354 2,374 2,374 2,230 Q 2,266

Outpatient 1,781 1,754 1,774 1,779 419 Q 688

Lodging 5,826 5,696 5,700 5,821 4,293 Q 2,781

Mercantile 11,330 10,794 11,121 10,960 6,396 529 2,281

Retail (other than mall) 5,439 5,088 5,230 5,070 1,773 Q 877

Enclosed and strip malls 5,890 5,706 5,890 5,890 4,623 Q 1,404

Office 15,952 15,753 15,882 15,663 5,230 684 6,027

Public assembly 5,559 5,323 5,235 5,318 2,751 Q 1,878

Public order and safety 1,440 1,391 1,384 1,341 912 N 1,185

Religious worship 4,557 4,511 4,271 4,337 3,394 Q Q

Service 4,630 4,157 3,773 3,763 517 465 422

Warehouse and storage 13,077 9,987 10,120 10,041 922 1,996 2,326

Other 2,002 1,886 1,820 1,614 Q 951 688

Vacant 3,256 1,415 1,125 1,031 Q Q Q

Year constructed

Before 1920 3,983 3,583 3,087 3,403 1,493 403 554

1920 to 1945 6,025 5,527 5,215 5,299 2,711 Q 1,252

1946 to 1959 7,381 6,895 6,679 6,410 3,409 575 1,523

1960 to 1969 10,362 9,730 9,634 9,699 4,644 497 3,083

1970 to 1979 10,846 10,045 10,031 10,158 4,837 828 3,145

1980 to 1989 15,230 13,723 14,011 13,831 6,545 969 4,690

1990 to 1999 13,803 12,389 12,402 12,209 6,517 396 4,184

2000 to 2003 7,215 6,707 6,939 6,889 2,874 470 2,705

2004 to 2007 6,524 5,972 6,071 5,955 3,140 386 2,236

2008 to 2012 5,723 5,505 5,225 5,162 2,375 Q 2,269

Table B25. Energy end uses, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Energy used for (more than one may apply)
All

buildings

Space

heating Cooling

Water

heating Cooking

Manufacturing

Electricity 

generation

All buildings 87,093 80,078 79,294 79,015 38,546 5,078 25,642

Table B25. Energy end uses, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Energy used for (more than one may apply)

Census region and division

Northeast 15,534 15,053 13,949 14,633 8,177 1,059 6,223

New England 4,302 4,090 3,482 3,915 2,053 391 1,456

Middle Atlantic 11,232 10,963 10,467 10,718 6,124 669 4,767

Midwest 18,919 18,055 17,144 17,592 8,726 1,172 5,358

East North Central 12,742 12,240 11,675 12,082 6,175 807 3,912

West North Central 6,178 5,815 5,469 5,510 2,551 365 1,445

South 34,279 30,499 31,734 30,261 14,381 1,708 9,377

South Atlantic 17,981 15,883 17,094 16,144 7,925 821 5,901

East South Central 4,904 4,692 4,710 4,598 2,255 Q 1,075

West South Central 11,394 9,923 9,931 9,519 4,201 705 2,401

West 18,360 16,471 16,467 16,529 7,262 1,139 4,683

Mountain 4,981 4,704 4,489 4,440 2,420 Q 1,635

Pacific 13,379 11,767 11,978 12,089 4,842 999 3,049

Climate region1

Very cold/Cold 31,898 30,469 28,228 29,567 14,975 2,133 10,597

Mixed-humid 27,873 26,716 26,365 25,772 13,469 1,273 8,525

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 12,037 10,484 10,887 10,585 4,029 786 2,471

Hot-humid 12,831 10,090 11,624 10,837 5,098 684 3,168

Marine 2,454 2,319 2,190 2,255 975 Q 880

Number of workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 17,751 12,931 11,595 11,783 4,138 556 1,002

5 to 9 8,973 8,492 8,238 8,205 2,501 519 857

10 to 19 9,623 8,970 9,190 9,137 3,203 787 1,058

20 to 49 14,514 14,126 14,219 14,097 6,481 1,231 2,923

50 to 99 13,476 13,184 13,323 13,171 7,501 965 4,761

100 to 249 10,941 10,805 10,913 10,912 6,181 508 6,177

250 or more 11,815 11,570 11,815 11,711 8,540 512 8,863

Weekly operating hours

Fewer than 40 8,220 5,763 5,083 5,137 2,921 Q 399

40 to 48 15,828 14,867 14,512 14,388 4,974 1,449 2,971

49 to 60 20,529 19,365 19,297 18,878 6,900 1,867 5,055

61 to 84 15,867 15,148 15,170 15,304 8,122 939 4,185

85 to 167 9,395 8,711 8,864 8,937 4,615 421 3,329

Open continuously 17,253 16,224 16,368 16,371 11,014 351 9,703
All

buildings

Space

heating Cooling

Water

heating Cooking

Manufacturing

Electricity 

generation

All buildings 87,093 80,078 79,294 79,015 38,546 5,078 25,642

Table B25. Energy end uses, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Energy used for (more than one may apply)

Ownership and occupancy

Nongovernment owned 67,550 61,341 60,960 60,645 26,909 4,745 17,555

Owner occupied 30,637 28,745 28,174 27,869 13,400 2,024 8,079

Leased to tenant(s) 26,115 23,766 23,907 23,900 9,378 2,107 5,917

Owner occupied and leased 8,873 8,328 8,602 8,544 4,115 614 3,502

Unoccupied 1,925 502 278 332 Q N Q

Government owned 19,543 18,736 18,334 18,370 11,637 333 8,086

Federal 1,573 1,557 1,573 1,565 933 Q 1,122

State 5,539 5,411 5,252 5,270 2,538 Q 1,829

Local 12,431 11,768 11,508 11,535 8,166 Q 5,136

Energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 84,869 80,053 79,294 79,015 38,546 5,078 25,642

Natural gas 58,725 58,129 56,899 57,019 31,026 3,740 20,271

Fuel oil 20,200 19,670 19,309 19,708 12,694 863 17,073

District heat 5,964 5,962 5,903 5,822 3,154 Q 3,749

District chilled water 4,608 4,561 4,608 4,511 2,084 Q 2,731

Propane 7,706 7,332 7,061 7,383 4,209 809 3,380

Other 3,826 3,826 3,573 3,679 2,076 Q 2,881

Energy end uses

(more than one may apply)

Buildings with space heating 80,078 80,078 76,834 76,584 37,771 4,790 25,155

Buildings with cooling 79,294 76,834 79,294 76,414 37,687 4,682 25,350

Buildings with water heating 79,015 76,584 76,414 79,015 38,389 4,570 25,280

Buildings with cooking 38,546 37,771 37,687 38,389 38,546 1,300 16,803

Buildings with manufacturing 5,078 4,790 4,682 4,570 1,300 5,078 889

Buildings with electricity

generation 25,642 25,155 25,350 25,280 16,803 889 25,642

Food preparation or serving areas 

in non-food service buildings

(more than one may apply)

Snack bar or concession stand 9,884 9,564 9,819 9,864 9,884 Q 6,316

Fast food or small restaurant 9,787 9,479 9,771 9,778 9,787 Q 4,977

Cafeteria or large restaurant 15,222 15,000 15,046 15,219 15,222 Q 9,066

Commercial kitchen/

food preparation area 16,150 15,857 15,968 16,150 16,150 504 9,181

Small kitchen area 14,054 13,624 13,601 13,926 14,054 660 5,837

Separate computer areas

(more than one may apply)

Data center or server farm 11,105 10,939 11,093 11,013 6,849 462 8,337

Computer-based training room 17,723 17,336 17,589 17,659 12,340 556 9,480

Student or public computer center 14,341 14,205 14,090 14,268 10,945 Q 6,480
All

buildings

Space

heating Cooling

Water

heating Cooking

Manufacturing

Electricity 

generation

All buildings 87,093 80,078 79,294 79,015 38,546 5,078 25,642

Table B25. Energy end uses, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Energy used for (more than one may apply)

 1These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency 

and Renewable Energy (EERE). 

 Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

 N = No cases in reporting sample.

 Notes: ● Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. ● See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definition 

of terms used in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from 

http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 Commercial 

Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Release date: April 2015

Revised date: May 2016

All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

Fuel

oil

District

heat Propane Other1

All buildings 5,557 4,722 2,858 2,612 270 48 342 101

Building floorspace (square feet)

1,001 to 5,000 2,777 2,257 1,379 1,115 148 Q 180 48

5,001 to 10,000 1,229 1,046 606 595 49 Q 96 29

10,001 to 25,000 884 797 482 494 42 Q 51 Q

25,001 to 50,000 332 304 189 203 15 6 9 Q

50,001 to 100,000 199 187 123 121 9 10 Q Q

100,001 to 200,000 90 86 54 54 4 9 Q Q

200,001 to 500,000 38 36 21 25 2 5 Q Q

Over 500,000 8 8 4 4 (*) 2 Q Q

Principal building activity

Education 389 379 214 203 21 12 16 Q

Food sales 177 160 123 63 Q N Q Q

Food service 380 359 202 207 Q Q 25 Q

Health care 157 153 92 85 6 2 Q Q

Inpatient 10 9 4 5 2 1 Q Q

Outpatient 147 144 87 80 Q Q Q Q

Lodging 158 153 116 64 Q 4 Q Q

Mercantile 602 572 387 324 35 Q 35 Q

Retail (other than mall) 438 412 250 216 32 Q 33 Q

Enclosed and strip malls 164 160 137 107 Q Q Q Q

Office 1,012 989 653 554 42 12 27 Q

Public assembly 352 330 162 187 Q 7 46 Q

Public order and safety 84 81 44 47 Q Q Q Q

Religious worship 412 408 231 217 Q N 63 Q

Service 619 528 270 329 70 Q 54 39

Warehouse and storage 796 420 264 235 Q Q 26 Q

Other 125 100 53 56 Q Q Q Q

Vacant 296 87 47 40 Q Q Q Q

Year constructed

Before 1920 362 322 167 189 45 5 35 Q

1920 to 1945 488 413 190 263 33 7 Q Q

1946 to 1959 599 517 320 310 39 5 32 Q

1960 to 1969 639 559 308 357 52 9 27 Q

1970 to 1979 684 599 370 353 21 10 48 Q

1980 to 1989 915 754 513 383 19 2 36 Q

1990 to 1999 845 675 398 352 23 3 59 Q

2000 to 2003 375 322 202 153 21 4 33 Q

2004 to 2007 347 291 210 126 Q 2 25 Q

2008 to 2012 303 270 182 126 Q Q Q Q

Table B26. Space-heating energy sources, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Space-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

with space 

heating
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

Fuel

oil

District

heat Propane Other1

All buildings 5,557 4,722 2,858 2,612 270 48 342 101

Table B26. Space-heating energy sources, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Space-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

with space 

heating

Census region and division

Northeast 805 727 310 392 170 16 59 Q

New England 302 264 99 82 105 Q 38 Q

Middle Atlantic 504 463 211 310 65 9 21 Q

Midwest 1,237 1,096 493 819 39 7 105 32

East North Central 735 670 282 559 20 3 29 Q

West North Central 502 426 211 260 19 4 76 Q

South 2,247 1,842 1,380 782 53 18 124 Q

South Atlantic 1,091 873 704 299 29 9 58 Q

East South Central 370 336 239 168 Q Q 35 Q

West South Central 786 633 437 316 Q 5 Q Q

West 1,267 1,057 676 618 Q 7 54 Q

Mountain 338 293 165 202 Q Q 24 Q

Pacific 929 764 511 416 Q 5 Q Q

Climate region2

Very cold/Cold 2,031 1,792 814 1,198 192 18 156 75

Mixed-humid 1,743 1,545 1,009 826 70 20 135 Q

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 837 676 445 361 Q 4 39 Q

Hot-humid 799 593 521 142 Q Q Q N

Marine 147 116 69 84 Q Q Q Q

Number of workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 2,892 2,184 1,217 1,126 171 Q 218 63

5 to 9 1,085 1,020 658 527 43 Q 55 Q

10 to 19 731 692 425 434 22 Q 40 Q

20 to 49 513 494 341 306 16 11 23 Q

50 to 99 206 203 141 134 11 7 Q Q

100 to 249 93 92 54 64 5 7 Q Q

250 or more 37 37 22 21 2 6 Q Q

Weekly operating hours

Fewer than 40 1,149 815 448 416 45 Q 113 Q

40 to 48 1,346 1,230 751 674 87 7 72 Q

49 to 60 1,244 1,143 694 687 65 11 72 45

61 to 84 764 672 421 387 30 9 26 Q

85 to 167 479 414 258 232 Q 6 19 Q

Open continuously 575 448 287 217 28 11 39 Q
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

Fuel

oil

District

heat Propane Other1

All buildings 5,557 4,722 2,858 2,612 270 48 342 101

Table B26. Space-heating energy sources, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Space-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

with space 

heating

Ownership and occupancy

Nongovernment owned 4,781 4,028 2,464 2,203 234 22 290 96

Owner occupied 2,466 2,198 1,264 1,162 145 13 202 72

Leased to tenant(s) 1,745 1,458 958 838 69 Q 67 Q

Owner occupied and leased 349 325 221 181 15 2 19 Q

Unoccupied 221 47 22 22 Q Q Q N

Government owned 776 694 394 409 36 26 52 Q

Federal 33 33 19 18 Q 1 Q Q

State 185 168 100 91 Q 18 Q Q

Local 558 493 275 300 32 7 38 Q

Energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 5,234 4,717 2,858 2,612 270 48 340 96

Natural gas 2,933 2,888 1,371 2,612 40 17 24 34

Fuel oil 467 455 211 133 270 10 45 25

District heat 48 48 12 2 Q 48 Q Q

District chilled water 54 51 27 10 Q 26 Q Q

Propane 510 491 268 59 60 Q 342 Q

Other 172 172 72 66 30 1 Q 101

Primary space-heating

energy source

Electricity 1,819 1,819 1,819 262 24 Q 49 Q

Natural gas 2,322 2,322 846 2,322 17 Q 11 Q

Fuel oil 205 205 57 Q 205 Q Q Q

District heat 47 47 12 2 Q 47 N Q

Propane 261 261 110 Q Q N 261 Q

Other 67 67 Q Q Q N Q 67

Cooling energy sources 

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 4,413 4,226 2,677 2,390 177 23 275 62

Natural gas 12 12 5 12 Q Q N N

District chilled water 54 51 27 10 Q 26 Q Q

Water-heating energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 2,658 2,512 1,819 1,051 144 16 193 37

Natural gas 1,758 1,722 816 1,540 18 9 11 18

Fuel oil 77 76 23 6 67 Q Q Q

District heat 25 25 6 Q Q 25 N Q

Propane 142 133 77 Q Q Q 110 Q

Cooking energy sources 

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 1,010 969 633 513 44 10 91 17

Natural gas 740 717 412 579 18 8 Q Q

Propane 144 132 75 Q 20 Q 67 Q
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

Fuel

oil

District

heat Propane Other1

All buildings 5,557 4,722 2,858 2,612 270 48 342 101

Table B26. Space-heating energy sources, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Space-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

with space 

heating

Energy end uses

(more than one may apply)

Buildings with space heating 4,722 4,722 2,858 2,612 270 48 342 101

Buildings with cooling 4,461 4,272 2,699 2,402 177 44 275 62

Buildings with water heating 4,423 4,237 2,569 2,424 222 45 307 71

Buildings with cooking 1,589 1,525 938 890 73 14 137 25

Buildings with manufacturing 259 234 145 141 Q Q Q Q

Buildings with electricity

generation 410 400 239 225 36 15 37 Q

Percent of floorspace heated

Not heated 835 N N N N N N N

1 to 50 697 697 484 285 47 Q 59 Q

51 to 99 727 727 463 420 36 7 55 Q

100 3,298 3,298 1,911 1,907 187 40 228 66

Heating equipment 

(more than one may apply)

Heat pumps 628 628 611 188 18 3 26 Q

Furnaces 755 755 366 530 20 Q 72 Q

Individual space heaters 1,247 1,247 868 722 118 9 146 72

District heat 48 48 12 2 Q 48 Q Q

Boilers 544 544 225 390 85 Q 31 Q

Packaged heating units 2,802 2,802 1,785 1,717 116 3 181 30

Other 62 62 46 34 Q Q Q Q

 1Other includes wood, coal, solar, and all other energy sources. The most commonly used other energy sources was waste oil. 

 2These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 

Energy (EERE). 

 Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

 N = No cases in reporting sample.

 (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed.

 Notes: ● Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. ● See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definition of terms used in 

these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from 

http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 Commercial Buildings Energy 

Consumption Survey.
Release date: April 2015

Revised date: May 2016

All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

Fuel

oil

District

heat Propane Other1

All buildings 87,093 80,078 49,030 49,511 4,351 5,925 3,067 1,010

Building floorspace (square feet)

1,001 to 5,000 8,041 6,699 4,185 3,323 412 Q 538 129

5,001 to 10,000 8,900 7,590 4,384 4,343 366 Q 682 213

10,001 to 25,000 14,105 12,744 7,716 7,989 725 Q 767 Q

25,001 to 50,000 11,917 10,911 6,897 7,228 576 213 329 Q

50,001 to 100,000 13,918 13,114 8,668 8,524 698 704 Q Q

100,001 to 200,000 12,415 11,941 7,321 7,507 548 1,313 Q Q

200,001 to 500,000 10,724 10,348 5,991 6,990 632 1,553 Q Q

Over 500,000 7,074 6,730 3,869 3,608 394 1,974 Q Q

Principal building activity

Education 12,239 12,099 6,254 7,967 1,074 1,155 307 Q

Food sales 1,252 1,196 883 667 Q N Q Q

Food service 1,819 1,762 1,017 1,023 Q Q 124 Q

Health care 4,155 4,109 2,083 2,616 502 671 Q Q

Inpatient 2,374 2,354 1,008 1,627 430 563 Q Q

Outpatient 1,781 1,754 1,076 989 Q Q Q Q

Lodging 5,826 5,696 3,878 3,153 Q 621 Q Q

Mercantile 11,330 10,794 8,132 7,435 306 Q 386 Q

Retail (other than mall) 5,439 5,088 3,041 3,050 256 Q 306 Q

Enclosed and strip malls 5,890 5,706 5,091 4,385 Q Q Q Q

Office 15,952 15,753 10,281 8,555 560 1,794 209 Q

Public assembly 5,559 5,323 2,645 3,337 Q 888 306 Q

Public order and safety 1,440 1,391 643 851 Q Q Q Q

Religious worship 4,557 4,511 2,656 2,671 Q N 366 Q

Service 4,630 4,157 2,193 2,758 393 Q 432 370

Warehouse and storage 13,077 9,987 6,476 6,499 Q Q 293 Q

Other 2,002 1,886 1,185 1,218 Q Q Q Q

Vacant 3,256 1,415 702 760 Q Q Q Q

Year constructed

Before 1920 3,983 3,583 1,867 1,970 622 523 164 Q

1920 to 1945 6,025 5,527 2,744 3,202 551 888 Q Q

1946 to 1959 7,381 6,895 3,836 4,908 616 446 203 Q

1960 to 1969 10,362 9,730 5,387 6,574 695 1,002 388 Q

1970 to 1979 10,846 10,045 5,931 6,549 590 930 425 Q

1980 to 1989 15,230 13,723 9,378 7,995 421 446 330 Q

1990 to 1999 13,803 12,389 7,947 7,613 370 642 539 Q

2000 to 2003 7,215 6,707 4,181 3,758 203 Q 347 Q

2004 to 2007 6,524 5,972 4,077 3,454 Q Q 306 Q

2008 to 2012 5,723 5,505 3,683 3,488 Q Q Q Q

Table B27. Space-heating energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Space-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

with space 

heating
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

Fuel

oil

District

heat Propane Other1

All buildings 87,093 80,078 49,030 49,511 4,351 5,925 3,067 1,010

Table B27. Space-heating energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Space-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

with space 

heating

Census region and division

Northeast 15,534 15,053 7,276 9,352 2,851 1,981 653 206

New England 4,302 4,090 1,848 1,990 1,270 Q 314 Q

Middle Atlantic 11,232 10,963 5,428 7,362 1,581 1,628 339 Q

Midwest 18,919 18,055 8,638 14,031 667 906 1,003 301

East North Central 12,742 12,240 5,687 10,122 292 574 280 Q

West North Central 6,178 5,815 2,951 3,909 375 332 723 Q

South 34,279 30,499 22,558 15,438 765 2,171 927 Q

South Atlantic 17,981 15,883 12,514 7,309 458 1,148 498 Q

East South Central 4,904 4,692 3,170 2,662 Q Q 218 Q

West South Central 11,394 9,923 6,874 5,467 Q 637 Q Q

West 18,360 16,471 10,559 10,690 Q 867 484 Q

Mountain 4,981 4,704 2,791 3,180 Q 482 141 Q

Pacific 13,379 11,767 7,768 7,509 Q 385 343 Q

Climate region2

Very cold/Cold 31,898 30,469 15,252 22,436 2,375 1,926 1,520 677

Mixed-humid 27,873 26,716 17,288 15,774 1,721 3,002 1,056 Q

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 12,037 10,484 6,815 6,268 Q Q 389 Q

Hot-humid 12,831 10,090 8,300 3,316 Q 362 Q N

Marine 2,454 2,319 1,374 1,717 Q Q Q Q

Number of workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 17,751 12,931 6,806 7,144 998 Q 1,222 284

5 to 9 8,973 8,492 5,390 4,655 348 Q 465 Q

10 to 19 9,623 8,970 5,488 5,914 311 Q 390 Q

20 to 49 14,514 14,126 9,380 9,275 555 623 388 Q

50 to 99 13,476 13,184 8,881 8,947 786 669 Q Q

100 to 249 10,941 10,805 6,410 7,504 710 1,096 Q Q

250 or more 11,815 11,570 6,676 6,072 644 3,053 Q Q

Weekly operating hours

Fewer than 40 8,220 5,763 2,920 3,370 339 Q 523 Q

40 to 48 15,828 14,867 9,120 8,966 1,006 403 502 Q

49 to 60 20,529 19,365 11,893 12,179 944 1,099 769 428

61 to 84 15,867 15,148 10,229 9,927 814 828 345 Q

85 to 167 9,395 8,711 4,995 5,964 Q 631 359 Q

Open continuously 17,253 16,224 9,873 9,106 988 2,792 569 Q
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

Fuel

oil

District

heat Propane Other1

All buildings 87,093 80,078 49,030 49,511 4,351 5,925 3,067 1,010

Table B27. Space-heating energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Space-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

with space 

heating

Ownership and occupancy

Nongovernment owned 67,550 61,341 39,210 37,495 2,844 3,119 2,429 834

Owner occupied 30,637 28,745 16,986 16,788 1,691 1,825 1,638 523

Leased to tenant(s) 26,115 23,766 16,368 15,108 734 730 497 Q

Owner occupied and leased 8,873 8,328 5,641 5,282 392 557 285 Q

Unoccupied 1,925 502 214 317 Q Q Q N

Government owned 19,543 18,736 9,821 12,016 1,507 2,807 638 Q

Federal 1,573 1,557 798 657 Q 697 Q Q

State 5,539 5,411 2,730 3,069 Q 1,526 Q Q

Local 12,431 11,768 6,293 8,290 1,169 584 397 Q

Energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 84,869 80,053 49,030 49,511 4,351 5,925 3,052 985

Natural gas 58,725 58,129 32,047 49,511 1,908 2,833 487 485

Fuel oil 20,200 19,670 10,619 10,235 4,351 3,088 787 261

District heat 5,964 5,962 1,895 361 Q 5,925 Q Q

District chilled water 4,608 4,561 1,510 707 Q 3,718 Q Q

Propane 7,706 7,332 4,182 2,701 1,257 Q 3,067 Q

Other 3,826 3,826 1,944 2,377 311 335 Q 1,010

Primary space-heating

energy source

Electricity 26,205 26,205 26,205 5,856 421 Q 590 Q

Natural gas 42,988 42,988 19,376 42,988 1,122 Q 227 Q

Fuel oil 2,542 2,542 663 Q 2,542 Q Q Q

District heat 5,797 5,797 1,765 308 Q 5,797 N Q

Propane 1,948 1,948 882 Q Q N 1,948 Q

Other 598 598 Q Q Q N Q 598

Cooling energy sources 

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 76,034 73,613 47,155 47,299 3,656 3,399 2,685 812

Natural gas 732 732 220 714 Q Q N N

District chilled water 4,608 4,561 1,510 707 Q 3,718 Q Q

Water-heating energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 42,755 40,801 30,763 20,740 2,094 1,841 1,630 475

Natural gas 39,523 39,083 21,539 34,731 1,169 834 296 278

Fuel oil 1,911 1,805 618 506 1,617 Q Q Q

District heat 4,551 4,551 1,360 217 Q 4,515 N Q

Propane 1,575 1,478 1,007 Q Q Q 1,201 Q

Cooking energy sources 

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 25,151 24,576 16,437 15,271 1,532 2,207 895 342

Natural gas 24,770 24,425 15,237 19,231 1,158 1,636 Q Q

Propane 2,001 1,877 1,108 Q 555 Q 773 Q
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

Fuel

oil

District

heat Propane Other1

All buildings 87,093 80,078 49,030 49,511 4,351 5,925 3,067 1,010

Table B27. Space-heating energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Space-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

with space 

heating

Energy end uses

(more than one may apply)

Buildings with space heating 80,078 80,078 49,030 49,511 4,351 5,925 3,067 1,010

Buildings with cooling 79,294 76,834 47,914 47,836 3,660 5,864 2,685 821

Buildings with water heating 79,015 76,584 46,987 47,816 4,139 5,783 2,889 881

Buildings with cooking 38,546 37,771 23,802 24,658 2,443 3,116 1,449 400

Buildings with manufacturing 5,078 4,790 3,256 3,397 Q Q Q Q

Buildings with electricity

generation 25,642 25,155 14,799 15,867 1,644 3,710 748 Q

Percent of floorspace heated

Not heated 7,015 N N N N N N N

1 to 50 10,130 10,130 6,797 4,940 751 Q 490 Q

51 to 99 14,650 14,650 9,640 9,298 606 1,126 659 Q

100 55,298 55,298 32,593 35,274 2,994 4,683 1,918 737

Heating equipment 

(more than one may apply)

Heat pumps 11,846 11,846 11,482 5,928 527 556 385 Q

Furnaces 8,654 8,654 5,040 6,837 183 Q 481 Q

Individual space heaters 20,766 20,766 16,235 13,893 1,648 1,334 1,217 590

District heat 5,925 5,925 1,869 350 Q 5,925 Q Q

Boilers 22,443 22,443 10,721 18,893 2,556 Q 565 Q

Packaged heating units 49,188 49,188 35,389 32,966 1,746 725 1,963 411

Other 1,574 1,574 1,352 1,094 Q Q Q Q

 1Other includes wood, coal, solar, and all other energy sources. 

 2These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 

Energy (EERE). 

 Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

 N = No cases in reporting sample.

 Notes: ● Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. ● See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definition of terms used in 

these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from 

http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 Commercial Buildings Energy 

Consumption Survey.
Release date: April 2015

Revised date: May 2016

All

buildings Electricity

Natural 

gas Fuel oil

District

heat

All buildings 5,557 4,722 1,819 2,322 205 47

Building floorspace (square feet)

1,001 to 5,000 2,777 2,257 928 1,025 119 Q

5,001 to 10,000 1,229 1,046 398 520 37 Q

10,001 to 25,000 884 797 280 433 32 Q

25,001 to 50,000 332 304 106 174 Q 6

50,001 to 100,000 199 187 70 97 6 10

100,001 to 200,000 90 86 27 48 2 9

200,001 to 500,000 38 36 8 23 Q 5

Over 500,000 8 8 2 4 Q 2

Principal building activity

Education 389 379 154 182 17 12

Food sales 177 160 88 56 Q N

Food service 380 359 146 183 Q Q

Health care 157 153 60 82 5 2

Inpatient 10 9 Q 5 Q 1

Outpatient 147 144 58 77 Q Q

Lodging 158 153 93 45 Q 4

Mercantile 602 572 229 283 Q Q

Retail (other than mall) 438 412 160 192 Q Q

Enclosed and strip malls 164 160 68 91 Q Q

Office 1,012 989 424 493 32 12

Public assembly 352 330 94 164 Q 7

Public order and safety 84 81 Q 45 Q Q

Religious worship 412 408 132 199 Q N

Service 619 528 127 290 48 Q

Warehouse and storage 796 420 180 213 Q Q

Other 125 100 36 47 Q Q

Vacant 296 87 38 39 Q Q

Year constructed

Before 1920 362 322 72 176 40 5

1920 to 1945 488 413 109 248 25 7

1946 to 1959 599 517 187 266 29 5

1960 to 1969 639 559 161 326 37 9

1970 to 1979 684 599 219 311 Q 10

1980 to 1989 915 754 363 336 Q 2

1990 to 1999 845 675 269 320 20 2

2000 to 2003 375 322 145 132 Q 4

2004 to 2007 347 291 161 105 Q 2

2008 to 2012 303 270 133 103 Q Q

Table B28. Primary space-heating energy sources, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Primary space-heating energy source used1

Buildings 

with space 

heating
All

buildings Electricity

Natural 

gas Fuel oil

District

heat

All buildings 5,557 4,722 1,819 2,322 205 47

Table B28. Primary space-heating energy sources, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Primary space-heating energy source used1

Buildings 

with space 

heating

Census region and division

Northeast 805 727 138 361 141 15

New England 302 264 38 75 93 Q

Middle Atlantic 504 463 100 286 48 9

Midwest 1,237 1,096 193 768 Q 6

East North Central 735 670 90 530 Q 3

West North Central 502 426 102 238 Q 4

South 2,247 1,842 1,043 647 32 18

South Atlantic 1,091 873 557 239 21 8

East South Central 370 336 153 140 Q Q

West South Central 786 633 334 268 Q 5

West 1,267 1,057 445 547 Q 7

Mountain 338 293 80 187 Q Q

Pacific 929 764 365 360 Q 5

Climate region2

Very cold/Cold 2,031 1,792 338 1,102 155 17

Mixed-humid 1,743 1,545 651 709 51 20

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 837 676 332 315 N 4

Hot-humid 799 593 466 114 N Q

Marine 147 116 Q 82 N Q

Number of workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 2,892 2,184 788 1,040 136 Q

5 to 9 1,085 1,020 467 451 33 Q

10 to 19 731 692 269 370 Q Q

20 to 49 513 494 186 274 Q 11

50 to 99 206 203 74 112 7 7

100 to 249 93 92 24 58 2 7

250 or more 37 37 11 18 Q 6

Weekly operating hours

Fewer than 40 1,149 815 282 384 40 Q

40 to 48 1,346 1,230 472 613 64 7

49 to 60 1,244 1,143 425 593 43 11

61 to 84 764 672 263 348 25 8

85 to 167 479 414 176 200 Q 6

Open continuously 575 448 200 184 22 11
All

buildings Electricity

Natural 

gas Fuel oil

District

heat

All buildings 5,557 4,722 1,819 2,322 205 47

Table B28. Primary space-heating energy sources, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Primary space-heating energy source used1

Buildings 

with space 

heating

Ownership and occupancy

Nongovernment owned 4,781 4,028 1,600 1,944 176 21

Owner occupied 2,466 2,198 834 1,025 109 13

Leased to tenant(s) 1,745 1,458 611 735 52 Q

Owner occupied and leased 349 325 136 163 Q 2

Unoccupied 221 47 Q 21 Q Q

Government owned 776 694 219 378 29 26

Federal 33 33 Q 17 Q 1

State 185 168 58 81 Q 18

Local 558 493 149 281 26 7

Energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 5,234 4,717 1,819 2,322 205 47

Natural gas 2,933 2,888 509 2,322 15 17

Fuel oil 467 455 85 114 205 10

District heat 48 48 Q Q Q 47

District chilled water 54 51 20 6 N 26

Propane 510 491 122 45 47 Q

Other 172 172 33 47 Q 1

Energy end uses

(more than one may apply)

Buildings with space heating 4,722 4,722 1,819 2,322 205 47

Buildings with cooling 4,461 4,272 1,728 2,126 135 43

Buildings with water heating 4,423 4,237 1,599 2,148 169 44

Buildings with cooking 1,589 1,525 558 774 58 13

Buildings with manufacturing 259 234 87 124 Q Q

Buildings with electricity

generation 410 400 131 199 25 15

Percent of floorspace heated

Not heated 835 N N N N N

1 to 50 697 697 369 244 31 Q

51 to 99 727 727 275 370 28 7

100 3,298 3,298 1,175 1,709 146 40

Heating equipment 

(more than one may apply)

Heat pumps 628 628 484 117 Q 2

Furnaces 755 755 191 485 Q Q

Individual space heaters 1,247 1,247 392 622 81 8

District heat 48 48 Q Q Q 47

Boilers 544 544 83 355 71 Q

Packaged heating units 2,802 2,802 1,057 1,506 85 3

Other 62 62 14 27 Q Q
All

buildings Electricity

Natural 

gas Fuel oil

District

heat

All buildings 5,557 4,722 1,819 2,322 205 47

Table B28. Primary space-heating energy sources, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Primary space-heating energy source used1

Buildings 

with space 

heating

 1Additionally, 261,000 buildings used propane and 67,000 buildings used wood, coal, or some other energy source for primary space 

heating.

 2These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy 

Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). 

 Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

 N = No cases in reporting sample.

 Notes: ● Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. ● See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for 

definition of terms used in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from 

http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 

Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Release date: April 2015

Revised date: May 2016

All

buildings Electricity

Natural

gas Fuel oil

District

heat

All buildings 87,093 80,078 26,205 42,988 2,542 5,797

Building floorspace (square feet)

1,001 to 5,000 8,041 6,699 2,766 3,050 329 Q

5,001 to 10,000 8,900 7,590 2,865 3,802 280 Q

10,001 to 25,000 14,105 12,744 4,433 6,957 509 Q

25,001 to 50,000 11,917 10,911 3,871 6,174 Q 213

50,001 to 100,000 13,918 13,114 4,892 6,844 413 704

100,001 to 200,000 12,415 11,941 3,646 6,624 348 1,283

200,001 to 500,000 10,724 10,348 2,129 6,487 Q 1,472

Over 500,000 7,074 6,730 1,603 3,050 Q 1,956

Principal building activity

Education 12,239 12,099 2,972 7,188 649 1,096

Food sales 1,252 1,196 461 630 Q N

Food service 1,819 1,762 695 892 Q Q

Health care 4,155 4,109 818 2,416 175 656

Inpatient 2,374 2,354 160 1,517 Q 550

Outpatient 1,781 1,754 658 900 Q Q

Lodging 5,826 5,696 2,814 2,086 Q 594

Mercantile 11,330 10,794 3,901 6,337 Q Q

Retail (other than mall) 5,439 5,088 1,820 2,736 Q Q

Enclosed and strip malls 5,890 5,706 2,081 3,601 Q Q

Office 15,952 15,753 6,053 7,445 296 1,772

Public assembly 5,559 5,323 1,184 2,820 Q 883

Public order and safety 1,440 1,391 Q 747 Q Q

Religious worship 4,557 4,511 1,472 2,482 Q N

Service 4,630 4,157 981 2,247 254 Q

Warehouse and storage 13,077 9,987 3,556 5,855 Q Q

Other 2,002 1,886 522 1,155 Q Q

Vacant 3,256 1,415 506 687 Q Q

Year constructed

Before 1920 3,983 3,583 574 1,795 Q 523

1920 to 1945 6,025 5,527 1,212 2,961 323 888

1946 to 1959 7,381 6,895 1,414 4,453 378 439

1960 to 1969 10,362 9,730 2,394 5,802 292 995

1970 to 1979 10,846 10,045 2,988 5,484 Q 930

1980 to 1989 15,230 13,723 5,760 6,868 Q 441

1990 to 1999 13,803 12,389 4,634 6,478 258 534

2000 to 2003 7,215 6,707 2,543 3,395 Q Q

2004 to 2007 6,524 5,972 2,543 2,845 Q Q

2008 to 2012 5,723 5,505 2,142 2,908 Q Q

Table B29. Primary space-heating energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Primary space-heating energy source used1

Buildings 

with space 

heating
All

buildings Electricity

Natural

gas Fuel oil

District

heat

All buildings 87,093 80,078 26,205 42,988 2,542 5,797

Table B29. Primary space-heating energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Primary space-heating energy source used1

Buildings 

with space 

heating

Census region and division

Northeast 15,534 15,053 2,188 8,366 1,988 1,954

New England 4,302 4,090 468 1,811 1,099 Q

Middle Atlantic 11,232 10,963 1,720 6,555 889 1,601

Midwest 18,919 18,055 2,982 13,084 Q 864

East North Central 12,742 12,240 1,702 9,587 Q 532

West North Central 6,178 5,815 1,281 3,497 Q 332

South 34,279 30,499 15,118 12,312 299 2,112

South Atlantic 17,981 15,883 8,533 5,694 245 1,089

East South Central 4,904 4,692 1,982 2,067 Q Q

West South Central 11,394 9,923 4,604 4,551 Q 637

West 18,360 16,471 5,917 9,226 Q 867

Mountain 4,981 4,704 1,122 2,893 Q 482

Pacific 13,379 11,767 4,794 6,333 Q 385

Climate region2

Very cold/Cold 31,898 30,469 4,771 20,554 1,623 1,884

Mixed-humid 27,873 26,716 9,282 12,884 919 2,916

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 12,037 10,484 4,600 5,252 N Q

Hot-humid 12,831 10,090 6,969 2,710 N 362

Marine 2,454 2,319 583 1,588 N Q

Number of workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 17,751 12,931 4,326 6,471 831 Q

5 to 9 8,973 8,492 3,673 3,941 185 Q

10 to 19 9,623 8,970 3,380 4,804 Q Q

20 to 49 14,514 14,126 4,997 7,987 Q 623

50 to 99 13,476 13,184 4,367 7,604 488 610

100 to 249 10,941 10,805 2,446 6,863 316 1,091

250 or more 11,815 11,570 3,015 5,317 Q 3,015

Weekly operating hours

Fewer than 40 8,220 5,763 1,746 3,060 293 Q

40 to 48 15,828 14,867 5,065 8,184 755 381

49 to 60 20,529 19,365 6,696 10,341 472 1,099

61 to 84 15,867 15,148 5,020 8,585 512 769

85 to 167 9,395 8,711 2,280 5,455 Q 624

Open continuously 17,253 16,224 5,397 7,363 405 2,752
All

buildings Electricity

Natural

gas Fuel oil

District

heat

All buildings 87,093 80,078 26,205 42,988 2,542 5,797

Table B29. Primary space-heating energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Primary space-heating energy source used1

Buildings 

with space 

heating

Ownership and occupancy

Nongovernment owned 67,550 61,341 22,225 32,258 1,658 3,076

Owner occupied 30,637 28,745 9,948 14,409 976 1,793

Leased to tenant(s) 26,115 23,766 9,250 12,976 426 730

Owner occupied and leased 8,873 8,328 2,842 4,592 Q 547

Unoccupied 1,925 502 Q 280 Q Q

Government owned 19,543 18,736 3,980 10,730 884 2,721

Federal 1,573 1,557 Q 593 Q 697

State 5,539 5,411 983 2,717 Q 1,445

Local 12,431 11,768 2,785 7,420 656 579

Energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 84,869 80,053 26,205 42,988 2,542 5,797

Natural gas 58,725 58,129 11,549 42,988 410 2,791

Fuel oil 20,200 19,670 4,651 9,022 2,542 2,991

District heat 5,964 5,962 Q Q Q 5,797

District chilled water 4,608 4,561 418 437 N 3,698

Propane 7,706 7,332 1,765 2,300 921 Q

Other 3,826 3,826 730 1,948 Q 276

Energy end uses

(more than one may apply)

Buildings with space heating 80,078 80,078 26,205 42,988 2,542 5,797

Buildings with cooling 79,294 76,834 25,613 41,435 1,984 5,736

Buildings with water heating 79,015 76,584 24,862 41,377 2,362 5,655

Buildings with cooking 38,546 37,771 11,243 21,175 1,261 3,017

Buildings with manufacturing 5,078 4,790 1,456 2,969 Q Q

Buildings with electricity

generation 25,642 25,155 6,392 13,940 720 3,613

Percent of floorspace heated

Not heated 7,015 N N N N N

1 to 50 10,130 10,130 5,013 4,123 Q Q

51 to 99 14,650 14,650 4,903 7,919 319 1,067

100 55,298 55,298 16,289 30,946 1,767 4,614

Heating equipment 

(more than one may apply)

Heat pumps 11,846 11,846 7,215 3,792 Q 464

Furnaces 8,654 8,654 2,270 5,778 Q Q

Individual space heaters 20,766 20,766 6,035 11,482 1,008 1,271

District heat 5,925 5,925 Q Q Q 5,797

Boilers 22,443 22,443 2,982 17,437 1,504 Q

Packaged heating units 49,188 49,188 18,523 27,826 757 650

Other 1,574 1,574 447 873 Q Q
All

buildings Electricity

Natural

gas Fuel oil

District

heat

All buildings 87,093 80,078 26,205 42,988 2,542 5,797

Table B29. Primary space-heating energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Primary space-heating energy source used1

Buildings 

with space 

heating

 1Additionally, buildings comprising 1,948 million square feet used propane and buildings comprising 598 million square feet used wood, 

coal, or some other energy source for primary space heating.

 2These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy 

Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). 

 Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

 N = No cases in reporting sample.

 Notes: ● Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. ● See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for 

definition of terms used in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from 

http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 

Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Release date: April 2015

Revised date: May 2016

All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

District

chilled 

water

All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

District

chilled 

water

All buildings 5,557 4,461 4,413 12 54 87,093 79,294 76,034 732 4,608

Building floorspace (square feet)

1,001 to 5,000 2,777 2,062 2,054 Q Q 8,041 6,124 6,107 Q Q

5,001 to 10,000 1,229 1,004 996 Q Q 8,900 7,304 7,252 Q Q

10,001 to 25,000 884 774 764 Q 9 14,105 12,357 12,211 Q 145

25,001 to 50,000 332 302 296 Q Q 11,917 10,813 10,615 Q Q

50,001 to 100,000 199 187 179 Q 10 13,918 13,069 12,618 Q 567

100,001 to 200,000 90 88 81 Q 9 12,415 12,152 11,034 Q 1,273

200,001 to 500,000 38 37 35 Q 4 10,724 10,518 9,887 Q 1,064

Over 500,000 8 8 7 (*) 1 7,074 6,958 6,310 167 1,306

Principal building activity

Education 389 361 338 Q 25 12,239 11,811 10,673 Q 1,292

Food sales 177 165 165 N N 1,252 1,190 1,190 N N

Food service 380 358 356 N Q 1,819 1,712 1,668 N Q

Health care 157 154 153 (*) Q 4,155 4,148 3,966 200 523

Inpatient 10 10 9 (*) 1 2,374 2,374 2,227 176 477

Outpatient 147 145 143 Q Q 1,781 1,774 1,739 Q Q

Lodging 158 145 142 Q Q 5,826 5,700 5,308 Q Q

Mercantile 602 560 560 Q N 11,330 11,121 11,121 Q N

Retail (other than mall) 438 396 396 N N 5,439 5,230 5,230 N N

Enclosed and strip malls 164 164 164 Q N 5,890 5,890 5,890 Q N

Office 1,012 995 985 Q 10 15,952 15,882 15,179 Q 1,096

Public assembly 352 295 291 N 5 5,559 5,235 4,629 N 880

Public order and safety 84 74 74 Q Q 1,440 1,384 1,358 Q Q

Religious worship 412 375 375 N Q 4,557 4,271 4,271 N Q

Service 619 435 435 N N 4,630 3,773 3,758 N N

Warehouse and storage 796 391 388 Q N 13,077 10,120 10,059 Q N

Other 125 90 89 Q Q 2,002 1,820 1,806 Q Q

Vacant 296 63 62 N Q 3,256 1,125 1,048 N Q

Year constructed

Before 1920 362 275 272 N Q 3,983 3,087 2,908 N Q

1920 to 1945 488 367 366 Q Q 6,025 5,215 5,081 Q Q

1946 to 1959 599 477 472 Q Q 7,381 6,679 6,569 Q 203

1960 to 1969 639 538 528 Q 11 10,362 9,634 8,962 Q 923

1970 to 1979 684 563 555 Q 9 10,846 10,031 9,440 Q 811

1980 to 1989 915 730 727 Q 3 15,230 14,011 13,830 Q 310

1990 to 1999 845 663 654 Q 10 13,803 12,402 11,924 Q 664

2000 to 2003 375 321 315 Q 5 7,215 6,939 6,463 Q Q

2004 to 2007 347 293 290 Q 6 6,524 6,071 5,722 Q 418

2008 to 2012 303 235 232 Q Q 5,723 5,225 5,135 Q Q

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

cooling

Cooling energy sources

used (more than one 

may apply)

Table B30. Cooling energy sources, number of buildings and floorspace, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Cooling energy sources

used (more than one 

may apply)

Buildings 

with 

cooling
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

District

chilled 

water

All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

District

chilled 

water

All buildings 5,557 4,461 4,413 12 54 87,093 79,294 76,034 732 4,608

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

cooling

Cooling energy sources

used (more than one 

may apply)

Table B30. Cooling energy sources, number of buildings and floorspace, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Cooling energy sources

used (more than one 

may apply)

Buildings 

with 

cooling

Census region and division

Northeast 805 592 583 6 7 15,534 13,949 13,303 305 794

New England 302 187 183 Q Q 4,302 3,482 3,317 Q Q

Middle Atlantic 504 405 400 3 Q 11,232 10,467 9,986 216 656

Midwest 1,237 970 967 Q 2 18,919 17,144 16,826 Q 585

East North Central 735 601 599 Q 2 12,742 11,675 11,474 Q 420

West North Central 502 370 369 Q Q 6,178 5,469 5,352 Q Q

South 2,247 1,891 1,861 Q 35 34,279 31,734 29,950 Q 2,479

South Atlantic 1,091 935 917 Q 22 17,981 17,094 16,368 Q 1,202

East South Central 370 335 329 Q Q 4,904 4,710 4,307 Q Q

West South Central 786 621 616 Q 6 11,394 9,931 9,275 Q 773

West 1,267 1,007 1,001 Q 9 18,360 16,467 15,955 Q 749

Mountain 338 259 258 Q 1 4,981 4,489 4,205 Q Q

Pacific 929 748 743 Q 8 13,379 11,978 11,749 Q 329

Climate region1

Very cold/Cold 2,031 1,497 1,488 8 7 31,898 28,228 27,377 403 1,227

Mixed-humid 1,743 1,482 1,467 3 18 27,873 26,365 24,968 272 2,027

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 837 682 679 Q 7 12,037 10,887 10,490 Q Q

Hot-humid 799 699 680 Q 21 12,831 11,624 11,043 Q 752

Marine 147 101 99 Q Q 2,454 2,190 2,157 Q Q

Number of workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 2,892 1,932 1,918 Q Q 17,751 11,595 11,383 Q Q

5 to 9 1,085 999 994 N Q 8,973 8,238 8,177 N Q

10 to 19 731 699 696 N Q 9,623 9,190 9,070 N Q

20 to 49 513 498 486 Q 9 14,514 14,219 13,707 Q 505

50 to 99 206 203 197 Q 9 13,476 13,323 12,844 Q 683

100 to 249 93 93 87 Q 6 10,941 10,913 10,076 Q 982

250 or more 37 37 35 1 5 11,815 11,815 10,777 378 1,986

Weekly operating hours

Fewer than 40 1,149 690 689 Q Q 8,220 5,083 4,986 Q Q

40 to 48 1,346 1,168 1,154 Q 12 15,828 14,512 14,078 Q 521

49 to 60 1,244 1,084 1,075 Q 10 20,529 19,297 18,670 Q 805

61 to 84 764 669 662 Q 9 15,867 15,170 14,763 Q 524

85 to 167 479 419 409 Q 12 9,395 8,864 8,451 Q 606

Open continuously 575 431 423 Q 11 17,253 16,368 15,087 329 2,005

Ownership and occupancy

Nongovernment owned 4,781 3,817 3,802 11 17 67,550 60,960 59,329 542 2,104

Owner occupied 2,466 2,046 2,038 Q 14 30,637 28,174 26,984 147 1,478

Leased to tenant(s) 1,745 1,421 1,415 Q 2 26,115 23,907 23,688 Q 297

Owner occupied and leased 349 324 322 Q 1 8,873 8,602 8,379 Q 329

Unoccupied 221 26 26 N N 1,925 278 278 N N

Government owned 776 644 611 Q 37 19,543 18,334 16,705 Q 2,504

Federal 33 33 32 Q Q 1,573 1,573 1,403 Q Q

State 185 159 142 Q 20 5,539 5,252 4,086 Q 1,448

Local 558 452 437 Q 16 12,431 11,508 11,217 Q 612
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

District

chilled 

water

All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

District

chilled 

water

All buildings 5,557 4,461 4,413 12 54 87,093 79,294 76,034 732 4,608

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

cooling

Cooling energy sources

used (more than one 

may apply)

Table B30. Cooling energy sources, number of buildings and floorspace, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Cooling energy sources

used (more than one 

may apply)

Buildings 

with 

cooling

Energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 5,234 4,461 4,413 12 54 84,869 79,294 76,034 732 4,608

Natural gas 2,933 2,700 2,679 12 21 58,725 56,899 55,138 732 2,431

Fuel oil 467 360 355 1 8 20,200 19,309 18,259 364 2,134

District heat 48 44 23 Q 26 5,964 5,903 3,429 Q 3,730

District chilled water 54 54 13 Q 54 4,608 4,608 1,586 Q 4,608

Propane 510 420 416 Q Q 7,706 7,061 6,814 Q Q

Other 172 126 125 Q Q 3,826 3,573 3,490 Q Q

Primary space-heating

energy source

Electricity 1,819 1,728 1,712 Q 20 26,205 25,613 25,317 Q 418

Natural gas 2,322 2,126 2,116 10 6 42,988 41,435 40,980 703 437

Fuel oil 205 135 135 N N 2,542 1,984 1,984 N N

District heat 47 43 23 Q 26 5,797 5,736 3,274 Q 3,698

Propane 261 207 207 N N 1,948 1,643 1,643 N N

Other 67 33 33 N Q 598 425 416 N Q

Water-heating energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 2,658 2,481 2,460 Q 27 42,755 41,520 40,675 Q 1,381

Natural gas 1,758 1,646 1,632 7 15 39,523 38,464 37,575 663 1,155

Fuel oil 77 58 58 Q Q 1,911 1,705 1,705 Q Q

District heat 25 24 14 Q 13 4,551 4,527 2,668 Q 2,783

Propane 142 120 120 N N 1,575 1,413 1,413 N N

Cooking energy sources 

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 1,010 962 959 (*) 6 25,151 24,665 24,152 170 1,407

Natural gas 740 712 707 1 6 24,770 24,434 23,744 294 1,175

Propane 144 121 120 N Q 2,001 1,849 1,833 N Q

Energy end uses

(more than one may apply)

Buildings with space heating 4,722 4,272 4,226 12 51 80,078 76,834 73,613 732 4,561

Buildings with cooling 4,461 4,461 4,413 12 54 79,294 79,294 76,034 732 4,608

Buildings with water heating 4,423 4,097 4,054 10 51 79,015 76,414 73,215 724 4,511

Buildings with cooking 1,589 1,497 1,491 1 9 38,546 37,687 36,626 298 2,084

Buildings with manufacturing 259 217 217 Q Q 5,078 4,682 4,682 Q Q

Buildings with electricity

generation 410 386 377 2 12 25,642 25,350 23,770 437 2,731

Percent of floorspace cooled

Not cooled 1,096 N N N N 7,799 N N N N

1 to 50 1,173 1,173 1,172 Q Q 18,891 18,891 18,815 Q Q

51 to 99 897 897 885 1 18 22,728 22,728 21,607 166 1,953

100 2,391 2,391 2,355 9 36 37,676 37,676 35,612 415 2,569
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

District

chilled 

water

All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas

District

chilled 

water

All buildings 5,557 4,461 4,413 12 54 87,093 79,294 76,034 732 4,608

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

cooling

Cooling energy sources

used (more than one 

may apply)

Table B30. Cooling energy sources, number of buildings and floorspace, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Cooling energy sources

used (more than one 

may apply)

Buildings 

with 

cooling

Cooling equipment 

(more than one may apply)

Residential-type central air

conditioners 1,546 1,546 1,546 Q Q 14,765 14,765 14,765 Q Q

Heat pumps 692 692 692 Q Q 12,538 12,538 12,538 Q 268

Individual air conditioners 709 709 709 Q 2 12,420 12,420 12,420 174 636

District chilled water 54 54 13 Q 54 4,608 4,608 1,586 Q 4,608

Central chillers 163 163 162 5 1 17,041 17,041 16,872 629 393

Packaged air conditioning units 1,909 1,909 1,903 8 7 45,153 45,153 45,047 389 833

Swamp coolers 109 109 109 Q Q 1,918 1,918 1,918 Q Q

Other Q Q Q Q Q 328 328 328 Q Q

 1These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 

(EERE). 

 Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

 N = No cases in reporting sample.

 (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed.

 Notes: ● Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. ● See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definition of terms used in these 

tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 Commercial Buildings Energy 

Consumption Survey.
Release date: April 2015

Revised date: May 2016

All

buildings Electricity

Natural

gas Fuel oil

District

heat Propane

All buildings 5,557 4,423 2,658 1,758 77 25 142

Building floorspace (square feet)

1,001 to 5,000 2,777 2,032 1,304 684 Q Q 58

5,001 to 10,000 1,229 992 594 384 Q Q 47

10,001 to 25,000 884 775 431 351 Q Q 26

25,001 to 50,000 332 307 167 157 Q Q Q

50,001 to 100,000 199 186 94 109 Q 6 Q

100,001 to 200,000 90 86 46 49 2 6 Q

200,001 to 500,000 38 36 18 21 1 4 Q

Over 500,000 8 8 4 4 (*) 2 Q

Principal building activity

Education 389 332 159 167 11 7 Q

Food sales 177 177 115 59 Q N Q

Food service 380 379 155 216 Q Q 27

Health care 157 156 93 65 2 2 Q

Inpatient 10 10 2 7 1 1 Q

Outpatient 147 146 90 58 Q Q Q

Lodging 158 158 55 91 Q 3 Q

Mercantile 602 531 400 194 Q Q Q

Retail (other than mall) 438 367 263 101 Q Q Q

Enclosed and strip malls 164 164 137 93 Q Q Q

Office 1,012 943 614 323 Q 8 Q

Public assembly 352 317 160 135 Q 3 Q

Public order and safety 84 80 46 28 Q Q Q

Religious worship 412 383 233 144 Q N Q

Service 619 442 273 161 Q Q Q

Warehouse and storage 796 370 264 117 Q N Q

Other 125 98 66 31 Q Q Q

Vacant 296 56 26 27 Q Q Q

Year constructed

Before 1920 362 286 173 104 Q 2 Q

1920 to 1945 488 383 187 176 Q 4 Q

1946 to 1959 599 460 267 189 Q 2 Q

1960 to 1969 639 540 278 269 14 5 Q

1970 to 1979 684 577 342 245 Q 4 Q

1980 to 1989 915 727 495 243 Q 1 21

1990 to 1999 845 631 377 249 Q 2 30

2000 to 2003 375 312 204 108 Q Q Q

2004 to 2007 347 275 189 93 Q Q Q

2008 to 2012 303 231 145 83 Q Q Q

Table B31. Water-heating energy sources, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Water-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

with water 

heating
All

buildings Electricity

Natural

gas Fuel oil

District

heat Propane

All buildings 5,557 4,423 2,658 1,758 77 25 142

Table B31. Water-heating energy sources, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Water-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

with water 

heating

Census region and division

Northeast 805 671 324 291 69 9 37

New England 302 235 127 55 46 Q 28

Middle Atlantic 504 436 197 236 23 Q Q

Midwest 1,237 1,014 525 493 Q 5 31

East North Central 735 629 295 350 Q 2 Q

West North Central 502 385 230 143 Q Q 24

South 2,247 1,740 1,242 527 Q 7 42

South Atlantic 1,091 856 665 202 Q Q 21

East South Central 370 325 238 92 Q Q Q

West South Central 786 560 339 233 Q Q Q

West 1,267 997 567 447 Q 4 32

Mountain 338 260 130 129 Q Q Q

Pacific 929 737 437 317 Q 3 Q

Climate region1

Very cold/Cold 2,031 1,639 838 748 64 10 71

Mixed-humid 1,743 1,445 944 521 12 10 37

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 837 635 358 290 Q Q Q

Hot-humid 799 590 459 136 Q Q Q

Marine 147 113 58 63 Q Q N

Number of workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 2,892 1,917 1,207 644 39 Q 71

5 to 9 1,085 977 606 354 Q Q 37

10 to 19 731 700 376 339 Q Q 23

20 to 49 513 495 290 239 Q 5 Q

50 to 99 206 203 115 110 Q 4 Q

100 to 249 93 93 45 55 2 6 Q

250 or more 37 37 20 17 1 5 Q

Weekly operating hours

Fewer than 40 1,149 703 445 239 Q Q Q

40 to 48 1,346 1,107 722 381 23 Q 21

49 to 60 1,244 1,063 650 412 Q 6 36

61 to 84 764 676 408 299 Q 4 19

85 to 167 479 428 225 213 Q 4 Q

Open continuously 575 447 208 213 18 9 25
All

buildings Electricity

Natural

gas Fuel oil

District

heat Propane

All buildings 5,557 4,423 2,658 1,758 77 25 142

Table B31. Water-heating energy sources, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Water-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

with water 

heating

Ownership and occupancy

Nongovernment owned 4,781 3,791 2,323 1,482 63 13 120

Owner occupied 2,466 2,048 1,195 806 45 10 86

Leased to tenant(s) 1,745 1,401 904 541 Q 1 27

Owner occupied and leased 349 316 213 121 Q 2 Q

Unoccupied 221 26 Q Q N N Q

Government owned 776 632 335 275 14 12 22

Federal 33 33 18 14 Q 1 Q

State 185 146 75 66 Q 10 Q

Local 558 452 242 195 12 2 Q

Energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 5,234 4,423 2,658 1,758 77 25 142

Natural gas 2,933 2,742 1,180 1,758 9 9 Q

Fuel oil 467 411 240 106 77 7 11

District heat 48 45 16 9 Q 25 Q

District chilled water 54 51 27 15 Q 13 N

Propane 510 466 283 43 29 Q 142

Other 172 141 78 45 Q Q Q

Primary space-heating

energy source

Electricity 1,819 1,599 1,315 319 Q Q 24

Natural gas 2,322 2,148 911 1,378 5 Q Q

Fuel oil 205 169 104 Q 61 N Q

District heat 47 44 16 9 Q 25 N

Propane 261 234 138 Q N N 101

Other 67 44 28 Q Q N Q

Cooking energy sources 

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 1,010 997 604 422 22 5 37

Natural gas 740 739 268 576 7 3 Q

Propane 144 142 77 5 17 N 58

Energy end uses

(more than one may apply)

Buildings with space heating 4,722 4,237 2,512 1,722 76 25 133

Buildings with cooling 4,461 4,097 2,481 1,646 58 24 120

Buildings with water heating 4,423 4,423 2,658 1,758 77 25 142

Buildings with cooking 1,589 1,573 810 795 41 7 76

Buildings with manufacturing 259 228 145 84 Q Q Q

Buildings with electricity

generation 410 395 200 184 20 11 20
All

buildings Electricity

Natural

gas Fuel oil

District

heat Propane

All buildings 5,557 4,423 2,658 1,758 77 25 142

Table B31. Water-heating energy sources, number of buildings, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Water-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

with water 

heating

Water-heating equipment

Centralized system 3,348 3,348 1,901 1,367 63 19 106

Distributed system 690 690 508 182 Q 3 Q

Combination of centralized and 

distributed system 385 385 250 209 7 4 14

 1These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and 

Renewable Energy (EERE). 

 Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

 N = No cases in reporting sample.

 (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed.

 Notes: ● Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. ● See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definition of terms 

used in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from 

http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 Commercial Buildings 

Energy Consumption Survey.
Release date: April 2015

Revised date: May 2016

All

buildings Electricity

Natural

gas Fuel oil

District

heat Propane

All buildings 87,093 79,015 42,755 39,523 1,911 4,551 1,575

Building floorspace (square feet)

1,001 to 5,000 8,041 6,102 3,881 2,081 Q Q 171

5,001 to 10,000 8,900 7,236 4,348 2,809 Q Q 321

10,001 to 25,000 14,105 12,401 6,926 5,657 Q Q 376

25,001 to 50,000 11,917 11,007 5,975 5,643 Q Q Q

50,001 to 100,000 13,918 13,063 6,672 7,528 Q 425 Q

100,001 to 200,000 12,415 11,903 6,162 6,819 238 965 Q

200,001 to 500,000 10,724 10,351 5,005 5,995 370 1,318 Q

Over 500,000 7,074 6,951 3,786 2,990 215 1,652 Q

Principal building activity

Education 12,239 11,905 4,160 7,712 638 842 Q

Food sales 1,252 1,252 776 672 Q N Q

Food service 1,819 1,817 750 1,026 Q Q 135

Health care 4,155 4,153 1,309 2,587 345 576 Q

Inpatient 2,374 2,374 401 1,688 248 489 Q

Outpatient 1,781 1,779 908 899 Q Q Q

Lodging 5,826 5,821 1,122 4,267 Q 573 Q

Mercantile 11,330 10,960 8,922 5,490 Q Q Q

Retail (other than mall) 5,439 5,070 3,721 1,642 Q Q Q

Enclosed and strip malls 5,890 5,890 5,201 3,848 Q Q Q

Office 15,952 15,663 9,572 6,015 Q 1,368 Q

Public assembly 5,559 5,318 2,094 2,813 Q 742 Q

Public order and safety 1,440 1,341 635 742 Q Q Q

Religious worship 4,557 4,337 2,481 1,962 Q N Q

Service 4,630 3,763 2,303 1,416 Q Q Q

Warehouse and storage 13,077 10,041 7,195 3,545 Q N Q

Other 2,002 1,614 1,019 694 Q Q Q

Vacant 3,256 1,031 417 582 Q Q Q

Year constructed

Before 1920 3,983 3,403 1,858 1,274 Q 369 Q

1920 to 1945 6,025 5,299 2,357 2,362 Q 847 Q

1946 to 1959 7,381 6,410 2,829 3,659 299 287 Q

1960 to 1969 10,362 9,699 4,423 5,654 366 828 Q

1970 to 1979 10,846 10,158 4,854 5,625 Q 718 Q

1980 to 1989 15,230 13,831 8,845 6,263 Q 200 312

1990 to 1999 13,803 12,209 6,946 6,084 Q 442 334

2000 to 2003 7,215 6,889 4,066 3,131 Q Q Q

2004 to 2007 6,524 5,955 3,725 2,837 Q Q Q

2008 to 2012 5,723 5,162 2,852 2,635 Q Q Q

Table B32. Water-heating energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Water-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

with water 

heating
All

buildings Electricity

Natural

gas Fuel oil

District

heat Propane

All buildings 87,093 79,015 42,755 39,523 1,911 4,551 1,575

Table B32. Water-heating energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Water-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

with water 

heating

Census region and division

Northeast 15,534 14,633 6,561 7,533 1,401 1,641 389

New England 4,302 3,915 1,939 1,492 693 Q 233

Middle Atlantic 11,232 10,718 4,622 6,042 708 1,383 Q

Midwest 18,919 17,592 7,934 10,615 Q 767 392

East North Central 12,742 12,082 4,914 7,910 Q 470 Q

West North Central 6,178 5,510 3,020 2,705 Q Q 251

South 34,279 30,261 19,449 12,258 Q 1,568 534

South Atlantic 17,981 16,144 11,163 5,651 Q 944 353

East South Central 4,904 4,598 2,900 2,103 Q Q Q

West South Central 11,394 9,519 5,386 4,504 Q Q Q

West 18,360 16,529 8,811 9,116 Q 575 260

Mountain 4,981 4,440 2,000 2,665 Q Q Q

Pacific 13,379 12,089 6,810 6,452 Q 243 Q

Climate region1

Very cold/Cold 31,898 29,567 13,252 16,960 1,111 1,515 768

Mixed-humid 27,873 25,772 14,954 11,896 711 2,304 482

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 12,037 10,585 5,678 5,927 Q Q Q

Hot-humid 12,831 10,837 7,690 3,447 Q Q Q

Marine 2,454 2,255 1,180 1,294 Q Q N

Number of workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 17,751 11,783 6,498 4,706 319 Q 512

5 to 9 8,973 8,205 4,882 3,280 Q Q 289

10 to 19 9,623 9,137 4,980 4,518 Q Q 210

20 to 49 14,514 14,097 7,767 7,529 Q 331 Q

50 to 99 13,476 13,171 7,104 7,742 Q 409 Q

100 to 249 10,941 10,912 5,572 6,380 347 961 Q

250 or more 11,815 11,711 5,951 5,367 332 2,581 Q

Weekly operating hours

Fewer than 40 8,220 5,137 2,681 2,427 Q Q Q

40 to 48 15,828 14,388 8,295 6,420 418 Q 220

49 to 60 20,529 18,878 10,853 8,403 Q 941 313

61 to 84 15,867 15,304 9,918 7,825 Q 501 243

85 to 167 9,395 8,937 4,695 5,011 Q 488 Q

Open continuously 17,253 16,371 6,313 9,437 544 2,337 445
All

buildings Electricity

Natural

gas Fuel oil

District

heat Propane

All buildings 87,093 79,015 42,755 39,523 1,911 4,551 1,575

Table B32. Water-heating energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Water-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

with water 

heating

Ownership and occupancy

Nongovernment owned 67,550 60,645 35,729 28,106 1,108 2,566 1,179

Owner occupied 30,637 27,869 13,903 13,220 757 1,593 849

Leased to tenant(s) 26,115 23,900 16,509 10,578 Q 456 195

Owner occupied and leased 8,873 8,544 5,232 4,063 Q 517 Q

Unoccupied 1,925 332 Q Q N N Q

Government owned 19,543 18,370 7,025 11,417 804 1,986 396

Federal 1,573 1,565 667 628 Q 691 Q

State 5,539 5,270 1,907 3,096 Q 1,010 Q

Local 12,431 11,535 4,452 7,693 607 285 Q

Energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 84,869 79,015 42,755 39,523 1,911 4,551 1,575

Natural gas 58,725 57,019 24,822 39,523 656 2,204 Q

Fuel oil 20,200 19,708 9,324 9,484 1,911 2,498 353

District heat 5,964 5,822 1,857 834 Q 4,551 Q

District chilled water 4,608 4,511 1,381 1,155 Q 2,783 N

Propane 7,706 7,383 3,982 2,110 824 Q 1,575

Other 3,826 3,679 1,875 1,782 Q Q Q

Primary space-heating

energy source

Electricity 26,205 24,862 19,438 7,239 Q Q 370

Natural gas 42,988 41,377 17,136 30,635 436 Q Q

Fuel oil 2,542 2,362 1,214 Q 1,220 N Q

District heat 5,797 5,655 1,781 822 Q 4,451 N

Propane 1,948 1,819 930 Q N N 973

Other 598 508 301 Q Q N Q

Cooking energy sources 

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 25,151 25,034 13,898 13,806 876 1,832 524

Natural gas 24,770 24,735 10,836 18,986 513 1,347 Q

Propane 2,001 1,997 923 199 548 N 793

Energy end uses

(more than one may apply)

Buildings with space heating 80,078 76,584 40,801 39,083 1,805 4,551 1,478

Buildings with cooling 79,294 76,414 41,520 38,464 1,705 4,527 1,413

Buildings with water heating 79,015 79,015 42,755 39,523 1,911 4,551 1,575

Buildings with cooking 38,546 38,389 18,787 23,232 1,412 2,584 976

Buildings with manufacturing 5,078 4,570 2,952 1,929 Q Q Q

Buildings with electricity

generation 25,642 25,280 11,460 14,319 964 3,078 488
All

buildings Electricity

Natural

gas Fuel oil

District

heat Propane

All buildings 87,093 79,015 42,755 39,523 1,911 4,551 1,575

Table B32. Water-heating energy sources, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Water-heating energy sources used (more than one may apply)

Buildings 

with water 

heating

Water-heating equipment

Centralized system 47,534 47,534 21,435 24,806 1,318 3,002 1,006

Distributed system 12,688 12,688 9,362 4,088 Q 325 Q

Combination of centralized and 

distributed system 18,793 18,793 11,957 10,629 467 1,224 348

 1These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and 

Renewable Energy (EERE). 

 Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

 N = No cases in reporting sample.

 Notes: ● Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. ● See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definition of terms 

used in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from 

http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 Commercial Buildings 

Energy Consumption Survey.
Release date: April 2015

Revised date: May 2016

All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas Propane

All

buildings

Electricity

Natural

gas Propane

All buildings 5,557 1,589 1,010 740 144 87,093 38,546 25,151 24,770 2,001

Building floorspace (square feet)

1,001 to 5,000 2,777 673 441 265 77 8,041 2,073 1,351 819 242

5,001 to 10,000 1,229 376 225 168 37 8,900 2,733 1,625 1,252 281

10,001 to 25,000 884 257 167 126 17 14,105 4,134 2,651 2,124 253

25,001 to 50,000 332 108 63 64 Q 11,917 3,858 2,279 2,271 Q

50,001 to 100,000 199 96 63 62 6 13,918 6,870 4,530 4,526 367

100,001 to 200,000 90 48 31 33 Q 12,415 6,587 4,204 4,677 Q

200,001 to 500,000 38 25 16 18 Q 10,724 6,969 4,658 5,172 Q

Over 500,000 8 6 4 4 Q 7,074 5,322 3,854 3,930 Q

Principal building activity

Education 389 169 116 86 7 12,239 8,479 5,876 5,686 420

Food sales 177 111 79 38 Q 1,252 943 651 588 Q

Food service 380 353 183 246 40 1,819 1,738 847 1,263 213

Health care 157 22 19 8 Q 4,155 2,649 1,952 1,989 Q

Inpatient 10 9 5 7 Q 2,374 2,230 1,564 1,826 Q

Outpatient 147 13 13 Q Q 1,781 419 388 Q Q

Lodging 158 94 52 49 14 5,826 4,293 2,250 3,167 362

Mercantile 602 157 101 92 Q 11,330 6,396 4,107 4,886 Q

Retail (other than mall) 438 52 43 9 Q 5,439 1,773 1,250 984 Q

Enclosed and strip malls 164 105 58 83 Q 5,890 4,623 2,858 3,902 Q

Office 1,012 130 101 39 Q 15,952 5,230 3,637 2,799 Q

Public assembly 352 143 89 46 24 5,559 2,751 1,980 1,484 241

Public order and safety 84 56 38 16 Q 1,440 912 622 455 Q

Religious worship 412 261 167 93 Q 4,557 3,394 1,966 1,799 Q

Service 619 39 28 Q Q 4,630 517 447 Q Q

Warehouse and storage 796 33 26 Q Q 13,077 922 669 Q Q

Other 125 Q Q Q Q 2,002 Q Q Q Q

Vacant 296 Q Q Q Q 3,256 Q Q Q Q

Year constructed

Before 1920 362 130 82 45 Q 3,983 1,493 998 656 Q

1920 to 1945 488 138 84 73 Q 6,025 2,711 1,819 1,512 Q

1946 to 1959 599 189 109 96 19 7,381 3,409 1,948 2,274 196

1960 to 1969 639 188 108 105 Q 10,362 4,644 2,862 3,360 Q

1970 to 1979 684 195 130 93 14 10,846 4,837 2,990 3,265 262

1980 to 1989 915 221 148 103 9 15,230 6,545 4,342 4,168 360

1990 to 1999 845 232 145 113 27 13,803 6,517 4,293 4,387 452

2000 to 2003 375 102 75 38 Q 7,215 2,874 2,126 1,752 Q

2004 to 2007 347 108 69 40 Q 6,524 3,140 1,942 1,984 Q

2008 to 2012 303 84 60 34 Q 5,723 2,375 1,831 1,410 Q

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

cooking

Cooking energy sources

used (more than one 

may apply)

Table B33. Cooking energy sources, number of buildings and floorspace, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Cooking energy sources

used (more than one 

may apply)

Buildings 

with 

cooking
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas Propane

All

buildings

Electricity

Natural

gas Propane

All buildings 5,557 1,589 1,010 740 144 87,093 38,546 25,151 24,770 2,001

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

cooking

Cooking energy sources

used (more than one 

may apply)

Table B33. Cooking energy sources, number of buildings and floorspace, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Cooking energy sources

used (more than one 

may apply)

Buildings 

with 

cooking

Census region and division

Northeast 805 249 120 123 48 15,534 8,177 4,677 5,357 779

New England 302 104 53 33 Q 4,302 2,053 1,143 1,015 486

Middle Atlantic 504 145 67 90 10 11,232 6,124 3,534 4,341 293

Midwest 1,237 370 260 163 28 18,919 8,726 6,159 5,642 328

East North Central 735 233 161 120 Q 12,742 6,175 4,211 4,293 Q

West North Central 502 137 99 43 23 6,178 2,551 1,949 1,349 211

South 2,247 664 439 286 53 34,279 14,381 9,812 8,572 663

South Atlantic 1,091 307 206 124 31 17,981 7,925 5,446 4,427 510

East South Central 370 144 98 59 Q 4,904 2,255 1,544 1,487 Q

West South Central 786 213 135 103 Q 11,394 4,201 2,822 2,658 Q

West 1,267 306 191 168 Q 18,360 7,262 4,503 5,200 230

Mountain 338 84 58 36 Q 4,981 2,420 1,522 1,694 Q

Pacific 929 222 133 132 Q 13,379 4,842 2,981 3,506 Q

Climate region1

Very cold/Cold 2,031 574 360 251 70 31,898 14,975 9,761 9,670 1,008

Mixed-humid 1,743 558 353 268 44 27,873 13,469 9,042 8,466 503

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 837 188 111 113 Q 12,037 4,029 2,299 3,055 Q

Hot-humid 799 230 162 81 22 12,831 5,098 3,437 2,873 391

Marine 147 39 24 27 Q 2,454 975 612 706 Q

Number of workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 2,892 660 416 243 81 17,751 4,138 2,425 1,747 510

5 to 9 1,085 308 206 131 Q 8,973 2,501 1,747 1,095 Q

10 to 19 731 271 163 141 22 9,623 3,203 2,080 1,501 250

20 to 49 513 197 124 121 Q 14,514 6,481 3,839 4,502 Q

50 to 99 206 92 62 61 5 13,476 7,501 5,012 5,178 438

100 to 249 93 40 25 30 2 10,941 6,181 3,989 4,852 268

250 or more 37 21 14 13 Q 11,815 8,540 6,060 5,895 Q

Weekly operating hours

Fewer than 40 1,149 329 219 103 29 8,220 2,921 1,784 1,340 143

40 to 48 1,346 228 160 83 Q 15,828 4,974 3,446 2,792 Q

49 to 60 1,244 251 171 107 Q 20,529 6,900 4,845 3,813 Q

61 to 84 764 290 156 182 30 15,867 8,122 5,158 5,830 323

85 to 167 479 249 149 154 25 9,395 4,615 3,007 3,146 343

Open continuously 575 242 155 110 32 17,253 11,014 6,911 7,849 703

Ownership and occupancy

Nongovernment owned 4,781 1,359 846 646 125 67,550 26,909 16,711 17,556 1,424

Owner occupied 2,466 854 544 352 87 30,637 13,400 8,113 8,066 904

Leased to tenant(s) 1,745 416 253 247 30 26,115 9,378 6,036 6,438 280

Owner occupied and leased 349 82 46 44 Q 8,873 4,115 2,557 3,041 Q

Unoccupied 221 Q Q Q N 1,925 Q Q Q N

Government owned 776 230 165 94 19 19,543 11,637 8,440 7,214 577

Federal 33 8 7 1 Q 1,573 933 851 305 Q

State 185 40 27 19 Q 5,539 2,538 1,659 1,546 Q

Local 558 182 131 73 17 12,431 8,166 5,930 5,363 462
All

buildings

ElectricityNatural

gas Propane

All

buildings

Electricity

Natural

gas Propane

All buildings 5,557 1,589 1,010 740 144 87,093 38,546 25,151 24,770 2,001

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

cooking

Cooking energy sources

used (more than one 

may apply)

Table B33. Cooking energy sources, number of buildings and floorspace, 2012

Number of buildings (thousand)

Cooking energy sources

used (more than one 

may apply)

Buildings 

with 

cooking

Energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 5,234 1,589 1,010 740 144 84,869 38,546 25,151 24,770 2,001

Natural gas 2,933 1,087 599 740 7 58,725 31,026 18,711 24,770 292

Fuel oil 467 166 110 64 32 20,200 12,694 8,895 8,238 950

District heat 48 14 10 8 Q 5,964 3,154 2,245 1,663 Q

District chilled water 54 9 6 6 Q 4,608 2,084 1,407 1,175 Q

Propane 510 234 137 15 144 7,706 4,209 2,578 1,466 2,001

Other 172 60 37 22 Q 3,826 2,076 1,278 1,226 Q

Water-heating energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 2,658 810 604 268 77 42,755 18,787 13,898 10,836 923

Natural gas 1,758 795 422 576 5 39,523 23,232 13,806 18,986 199

Fuel oil 77 41 22 7 17 1,911 1,412 876 513 548

District heat 25 7 5 3 N 4,551 2,584 1,832 1,347 N

Propane 142 76 37 Q 58 1,575 976 524 Q 793

Energy end uses

(more than one may apply)

Buildings with space heating 4,722 1,525 969 717 132 80,078 37,771 24,576 24,425 1,877

Buildings with cooling 4,461 1,497 962 712 121 79,294 37,687 24,665 24,434 1,849

Buildings with water heating 4,423 1,573 997 739 142 79,015 38,389 25,034 24,735 1,997

Buildings with cooking 1,589 1,589 1,010 740 144 38,546 38,546 25,151 24,770 2,001

Buildings with manufacturing 259 64 43 20 Q 5,078 1,300 780 782 Q

Buildings with electricity

generation 410 202 128 107 25 25,642 16,803 11,443 11,825 916

Food preparation or serving areas 

in non-food service buildings

(more than one may apply)

Snack bar or concession stand 153 153 120 67 17 9,884 9,884 7,529 6,686 677

Fast food or small restaurant 173 173 99 115 19 9,787 9,787 6,204 7,482 364

Cafeteria or large restaurant 130 130 76 89 11 15,222 15,222 9,855 11,436 805

Commercial kitchen/

food preparation area 282 282 152 191 23 16,150 16,150 10,121 12,728 723

Small kitchen area 736 736 535 213 57 14,054 14,054 10,205 7,370 626

 1These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 

(EERE). 

 Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

 N = No cases in reporting sample.

 Notes: ● Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. ● See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definition of terms used in these 

tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 Commercial Buildings Energy 

Consumption Survey.