Released: May 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

Table 1.3    First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2018;

                        Level: National and Regional Data;

                        Row: Values of Shipments and Employment Sizes;

                        Column: Energy Sources and Shipments;

                        Unit: Trillion Btu.

                 

             Shipments

Economic Net Residual Distillate Natural HGL (excluding Coke and of Energy Sources

Characteristic(a) Total(b) Electricity(c) Fuel Oil Fuel Oil(d) Gas(e) natural gasoline)(f) Coal Breeze Other(g) Produced Onsite(h)

Total United States

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 1,412 321 1 36 577 16 30 3 440 11

  20‐49 993 268 1 7 484 11 44 7 202 31

  50‐99 1,571 400 34 D D 88 97 4 278 47

  100‐249 2,551 509 12 14 D 47 D 37 561 74

  250‐499 2,104 342 5 D D 72 D 2 695 44

  500 and Over 10,275 751 7 19 3,390 2,664 375 208 3,520 660

Subtotal 18,907 2,591 59 92 7,320 2,898 857 262 5,695 867

Not Ascertained(i) 529 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 529 0

Total 19,436 2,591 59 92 7,320 2,898 857 262 6,224 867

Employment Size

  Under 50 1,985 316 1 32 910 156 52 2 563 48

  50‐99 1,497 276 27 11 761 141 85 5 287 96

  100‐249 3,436 642 18 19 1,403 409 266 23 732 77

  250‐499 3,911 576 4 11 1,382 670 121 3 1,279 136

  500‐999 4,470 460 6 9 1,462 763 63 8 2,006 308

  1000 and Over 3,609 320 2 9 1,402 759 269 222 828 203

Subtotal 18,907 2,591 59 92 7,320 2,898 857 262 5,695 867

Not Ascertained(i) 529 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 529 0

Total 19,436 2,591 59 92 7,320 2,898 857 262 6,224 867

Northeast Census Region

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 243 46 * 10 80 4 1 * 103 0

  20‐49 112 38 * 1 45 2 1 * 25 1

  50‐99 153 54 * Q 82 1 2 0 11 0

  100‐249 176 44 * * 91 1 1 1 36 0

  250‐499 141 22 2 * 56 * 7 * 53 0

  500 and Over 397 46 1 1 161 1 135 0 139 85

Total 1,223 250 4 16 515 9 148 1 366 86

Employment Size

  Under 50 213 39 * 6 72 4 2 0 91 0

  50‐99 117 34 * Q 53 2 1 * 22 1

  100‐249 259 78 * Q 116 2 2 1 57 0

  250‐499 161 36 * 1 84 1 2 * 37 0

  500‐999 232 31 3 1 71 * 9 0 119 0

  1000 and Over 240 32 * 1 118 1 133 0 40 85

Total 1,223 250 4 16 515 9 148 1 366 86

Midwest Census Region

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 420 117 D D D D 9 1 108 *

  20‐49 281 89 0 D 137 D 16 1 33 *

  50‐99 416 130 5 D D D 23 1 42 2

  100‐249 960 170 * 2 D D D 34 134 1

  250‐499 482 96 * D D D D 2 87 34

  500 and Over 1,742 233 * D 645 D D 207 415 24

Total 4,300 834 D 22 1,931 D 388 247 819 61

Employment Size

  Under 50 632 110 * 9 332 D D 1 D 3

  50‐99 558 112 D 1 346 D D 1 69 *

  100‐249 D 169 * 2 358 2 139 15 133 D

  250‐499 778 184 * D 300 D D 2 D *

  500‐999 626 144 * 3 212 4 5 6 250 0

  1000 and Over D 114 * D 383 D 96 220 D D
Total 4,300 834 D 22 1,931 D 388 247 819 61

South Census Region

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 509 106 D D D D 3 0 139 11

  20‐49 471 110 * D 255 D 18 5 106 28

  50‐99 779 139 29 D 338 D 46 3 173 35

  100‐249 1,136 232 10 7 531 D D 2 317 74

  250‐499 1,281 160 2 D D D 24 * 522 10

  500 and Over 7,115 396 4 D 2,257 D D 2 2,376 551

Total 11,292 1,143 D D 4,147 2,756 230 11 3,633 709

Employment Size

  Under 50 867 115 * 10 419 D D * D 33

  50‐99 713 104 D 2 316 D D 4 175 95

  100‐249 D 285 17 9 796 401 78 4 424 D

  250‐499 2,293 272 1 D 751 D D 1 D 136

  500‐999 3,149 229 3 4 1,014 758 37 1 1,409 308

  1000 and Over D 138 2 D 851 D 40 1 D D

Total 11,292 1,143 D D 4,147 2,756 230 11 3,633 709

West Census Region

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 241 52 1 6 68 4 Q Q 91 0

  20‐49 129 32 * 2 47 3 8 * 38 2

  50‐99 223 78 0 2 75 1 25 * 52 10

  100‐249 279 63 1 5 116 1 19 * 74 0

  250‐499 200 65 * 1 94 * 8 * 32 0

  500 and Over 1,021 76 2 D 327 D 13 0 591 0

Total 2,092 365 4 D 727 D 91 3 877 12

Employment Size

  Under 50 273 52 1 7 88 4 2 * 130 12

  50‐99 108 26 * 2 45 Q 12 * 21 0

  100‐249 422 111 * 5 133 3 48 Q 119 0

  250‐499 679 84 3 2 247 7 16 0 320 0

  500‐999 463 56 0 2 165 1 12 * 227 0

  1000 and Over 148 36 0 D 49 D * 0 61 0

Total 2,092 365 4 D 727 D 91 3 877 12

    (a) Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size categories were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.

    (b) Total is the sum of all of the listed energy sources, including Other, minus the Shipments of Energy Sources Produced Onsite. It is the total amount of first use of energy for all (fuel and

nonfuel) purposes.   

    (c) Net Electricity is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred out. It does not include

electricity inputs from onsite cogeneration or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been included as generating fuel (for example, coal).      

    (d) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.    

    (e) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, gas brokers, marketers, and any

marketing subsidiaries of utilities.        

    (f) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐butane mixtures, and isobutane produced

at refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).      

    (g) Other includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to produce heat and power or

as feedstock/raw material inputs.  See also Footnote i.    

    (h) Shipments of Energy Sources Produced Onsite are those shipments produced or transformed onsite from the nonfuel use of other energy sources.  For example, at an establishment

that processes coal to make coke for later use, the entire quantity of coal is counted as first use. Any onsite consumption of coke is not counted as first use because it would duplicate the

coal use. If some of the coke is then sold to another establishment, that second establishment will consider this coke to be a shipment of an offsite‐produced energy source. Hence, the

second establishment will count this coke as its first use, thereby resulting in double counting. In order to eliminate the double counting, the energy equivalent of the coke shipment must be

subtracted from first use.          

    (i) Previously, the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) had accounted for energy consumed in petroleum refineries by measuring their own fuel use, assuming shipments of

fuel products would later be counted in the industries that use them, and assigning the heat equivalent of the nonfuel products to the petroleum refinery (for a more detailed explanation

see, Feedstock and Offsite‐Produced Fuel at Petroleum Refineries). Starting with the 2014 MECS, however, EIA began collecting asphalt and petrochemical feedstock data from

establishments that use those nonfuel products. These data are included in the Other column. However, other Miscellaneous Nonfuel Products (i.e. lubricants, solvents, waxes, and special

naphthas) from refineries, and used elsewhere throughout the manufacturing sector as energy are not collected on the MECS. An estimate of the Miscellaneous Nonfuel Products used in

manufacturing was derived using EIA's U.S. Product Supplied for Crude Oil and Petroleum Products data.

    * Estimate less than 0.5.  

    D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.  

    Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.          

    NA=Not available.                      

    Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The derived estimates presented in this table are for the first use (formerly primary consumption) of

energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or raw material inputs. First use is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from

input materials not classified as energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; wood chips, bark, and

wood waste from wood purchased as a raw material input; and waste materials, such as wastepaper and packing materials. First use excludes quantities of energy that are produced from

other energy inputs and, therefore, avoids double counting.  

    Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey, and the Bureau of

the Census, data files for the 2018 Annual Survey of Manufactures.   
The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐

FY20‐260).
Released: May 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

RSE Table 1.3     Relative Standard Errors for Table 1.3;

                              Unit: Percents.

                  

             Shipments

Economic Net Residual Distillate Natural HGL (excluding Coke and of Energy Sources

Characteristic(a) Total(b) Electricity(c) Fuel Oil Fuel Oil(d) Gas(e) natural gasoline)(f) Coal Breeze Other(g) Produced Onsite(h)

Total United States

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 4.4 6.3 25.4 17.5 6.3 9.2 47.5 42.5 7.2 0.0

  20‐49 5.2 4.9 2.7 12.0 9.4 16.4 4.1 6.9 6.6 4.4

  50‐99 3.8 9.3 0.1 D D 4.0 0.2 6.5 2.7 1.8

  100‐249 2.7 3.2 0.1 22.2 D 45.7 D 0.0 1.6 0.0

  250‐499 1.8 3.8 1.2 D D 1.7 D 0.0 2.6 0.0

  500 and Over 0.4 1.1 2.7 3.2 0.4 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0

Subtotal 0.7 1.8 0.6 8.0 1.1 1.5 1.7 0.5 0.7 0.2

Not Ascertained(i) 0.0 X X X X X X X 0.0 X

Total 0.7 1.8 0.6 8.0 1.1 1.5 1.7 0.5 0.7 0.2

Employment Size

  Under 50 3.6 5.1 22.9 15.6 6.0 2.4 3.5 23.9 6.1 2.8

  50‐99 3.6 5.9 0.1 37.7 4.3 24.1 0.2 10.9 3.2 0.9

  100‐249 2.5 6.0 0.2 18.1 2.8 6.7 5.3 5.0 2.9 0.0

  250‐499 1.0 2.8 0.1 9.8 1.8 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.0

  500‐999 0.5 2.3 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0

  1000 and Over 0.5 2.4 8.1 6.2 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.0

Subtotal 0.7 1.8 0.6 8.0 1.1 1.5 1.7 0.5 0.7 0.2

Not Ascertained(i) 0.0 X X X X X X X 0.0 X

Total 0.7 1.8 0.6 8.0 1.1 1.5 1.7 0.5 0.7 0.2

Northeast Census Region

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 7.5 8.2 7.8 41.4 16.8 8.6 12.4 51.6 7.3 X

  20‐49 7.9 13.4 0.0 12.7 10.9 26.7 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0

  50‐99 12.9 18.6 0.0 67.5 14.3 33.1 0.0 X 2.9 X

  100‐249 5.4 11.2 1.7 34.0 6.5 24.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 X

  250‐499 2.3 7.1 0.0 6.4 2.6 12.8 0.0 0.0 1.9 X

  500 and Over 1.3 4.6 21.0 5.6 2.2 23.0 0.0 X 0.1 0.0

Total 2.5 5.2 5.3 28.3 3.8 8.6 0.1 1.6 2.1 0.0

Employment Size

  Under 50 7.3 6.5 5.6 16.0 16.8 12.5 3.8 X 8.2 X

  50‐99 6.7 12.0 0.0 80.0 6.2 12.5 0.0 8.1 1.6 0.0

  100‐249 8.9 14.4 0.0 59.2 12.4 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 X

  250‐499 4.5 10.1 0.0 30.1 4.4 10.6 0.0 0.0 3.5 X

  500‐999 1.9 8.6 0.2 3.9 2.9 5.5 0.0 X 0.1 X

  1000 and Over 1.9 5.1 52.1 8.4 2.7 28.8 0.0 X 0.1 0.0

Total 2.5 5.2 5.3 28.3 3.8 8.6 0.1 1.6 2.1 0.0

Midwest Census Region

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 9.4 11.7 D D D D 1.6 31.1 15.2 0.0

  20‐49 8.1 8.9 X D 13.2 D 0.0 2.6 6.0 0.0

  50‐99 4.8 7.3 0.0 D D D 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0

  100‐249 2.5 5.1 0.6 30.0 D D D 0.0 1.3 0.0

  250‐499 3.2 6.0 6.7 D D D D 0.0 10.3 0.0

  500 and Over 0.7 2.5 0.1 D 1.2 D D 0.1 0.1 0.0

Total 1.3 2.5 D 18.8 2.1 D 0.1 0.2 2.3 0.0

Employment Size

  Under 50 6.7 11.8 3.8 42.1 9.5 D D 32.9 D 0.0

  50‐99 3.2 6.7 D 14.8 3.8 D D 0.0 0.5 0.0

  100‐249 D 6.4 67.2 14.6 4.2 24.5 0.0 0.2 6.6 D

  250‐499 2.5 4.3 0.0 D 4.2 D D 0.0 D 0.0

  500‐999 2.5 4.8 0.0 0.8 4.5 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 X

  1000 and Over D 4.6 0.1 D 1.4 D 0.0 0.1 D D

Total 1.3 2.5 D 18.8 2.1 D 0.1 0.2 2.3 0.0

South Census Region

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 5.6 13.3 D D D D 2.9 X 10.2 0.0

  20‐49 9.7 8.3 18.1 D 16.3 D 9.9 9.8 12.3 4.7

  50‐99 4.2 5.8 0.1 D 7.8 D 0.4 10.4 4.3 2.4

  100‐249 5.6 5.4 0.0 37.9 6.2 D D 0.0 2.7 0.0

  250‐499 1.5 3.0 2.3 D D D 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0

  500 and Over 0.6 1.4 0.1 D 0.4 D D 0.0 0.4 0.0
Total 0.9 2.0 D D 1.5 1.6 0.8 5.1 0.8 0.2

Employment Size

  Under 50 5.7 8.0 20.0 20.8 10.2 D D 57.4 D 4.0

  50‐99 7.1 13.1 D 7.0 9.4 D D 14.0 5.2 0.9

  100‐249 D 4.1 0.2 29.7 4.0 6.8 0.2 6.3 4.5 D

  250‐499 0.7 3.1 0.1 D 1.4 D D 0.0 D 0.0

  500‐999 0.4 3.1 1.6 2.0 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0

  1000 and Over D 4.0 0.1 D 0.9 D 0.0 0.0 D D

Total 0.9 2.0 D D 1.5 1.6 0.8 5.1 0.8 0.2

West Census Region

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

  Under 20 14.3 7.1 41.5 32.9 8.3 31.7 79.2 78.9 24.4 X

  20‐49 5.5 9.2 0.0 35.1 8.9 41.6 2.2 9.3 5.3 0.0

  50‐99 18.3 43.4 X 14.4 10.0 10.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

  100‐249 3.8 7.0 0.0 31.6 4.8 13.3 0.0 0.0 4.3 X

  250‐499 14.8 16.2 0.0 42.9 20.2 16.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 X

  500 and Over 0.3 1.5 0.0 D 0.5 D 0.0 X 0.1 X

Total 3.0 9.8 6.7 D 3.0 D 15.6 42.9 2.6 0.0

Employment Size

  Under 50 9.9 6.1 38.4 30.0 6.8 28.8 7.7 10.2 17.1 0.0

  50‐99 5.5 10.9 0.0 49.7 6.5 60.3 0.0 0.0 1.9 X

  100‐249 11.1 30.4 0.0 22.5 6.6 6.9 29.8 52.5 3.2 X

  250‐499 4.4 13.1 0.0 15.1 7.7 1.4 0.0 X 0.1 X

  500‐999 1.2 3.3 X 0.7 2.3 15.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 X

  1000 and Over 1.5 2.8 X D 2.6 D 0.0 X 0.1 X

Total 3.0 9.8 6.7 D 3.0 D 15.6 42.9 2.6 0.0

    (a) Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size categories were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.   

    (b) Total is the sum of all of the listed energy sources, including Other, minus the Shipments of Energy Sources Produced Onsite. It is the total amount of first use of energy for all (fuel and

nonfuel) purposes.   

    (c) Net Electricity is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible renewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred out. It does not include

electricity inputs from onsite cogeneration or generation from combustible fuels because that energy has already been included as generating fuel (for example, coal).      

    (d) Distillate Fuel Oil includes Nos. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oils and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 diesel fuels.    

    (e) Natural Gas includes natural gas obtained from utilities, local distribution companies, and any other supplier(s), such as independent gas producers, gas brokers, marketers, and any

marketing subsidiaries of utilities.        

    (f) Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, ethane‐propane mixtures, propane‐butane mixtures, and isobutane produced at

refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate raw Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).      

    (g) Other includes net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers), and other energy that respondents indicated was used to produce heat and power or as

feedstock/raw material inputs.  See also Footnote i.    

    (h) Shipments of Energy Sources Produced Onsite are those shipments produced or transformed onsite from the nonfuel use of other energy sources.  For example, at an establishment that

processes coal to make coke for later use, the entire quantity of coal is counted as first use. Any onsite consumption of coke is not counted as first use because it would duplicate the coal use. If

some of the coke is then sold to another establishment, that second establishment will consider this coke to be a shipment of an offsite‐produced energy source. Hence, the second

establishment will count this coke as its first use, thereby resulting in double counting. In order to eliminate the double counting, the energy equivalent of the coke shipment must be subtracted

from first use.          

    (i) Previously, the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) had accounted for energy consumed in petroleum refineries by measuring their own fuel use, assuming shipments of fuel

products would later be counted in the industries that use them, and assigning the heat equivalent of the nonfuel products to the petroleum refinery (for a more detailed explanation see,

Feedstock and Offsite‐Produced Fuel at Petroleum Refineries). Starting with the 2014 MECS, however, EIA began collecting asphalt and petrochemical feedstock data from establishments that

use those nonfuel products. These data are included in the Other column. However, other Miscellaneous Nonfuel Products (i.e. lubricants, solvents, waxes, and special naphthas) from refineries,

and used elsewhere throughout the manufacturing sector as energy are not collected on the MECS. An estimate of the Miscellaneous Nonfuel Products used in manufacturing was derived using

EIA's U.S. Product Supplied for Crude Oil and Petroleum Products data.

    * Estimate less than 0.5.  

    D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.  

    Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error (RSE) is greater than 50 percent.

    X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a data table value of zero.             

    NA=Not available.                      

    Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. The derived estimates presented in this table are for the first use (formerly primary consumption) of energy

for heat and power and as feedstocks or raw material inputs. First use is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input

materials not classified as energy. Examples of the latter are hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of brine; the output of captive (onsite) mines or wells; wood chips, bark, and wood waste

from wood purchased as a raw material input; and waste materials, such as wastepaper and packing materials. First use excludes quantities of energy that are produced from other energy inputs

and, therefore, avoids double counting.  

    Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey, and the Bureau of the

Census, data files for the 2018 Annual Survey of Manufactures.  

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20‐

260).