Released: February 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

Table 10.2 Capability to Switch Natural Gas to Alternative Energy Sources, 2018;

Level: National Data and Regional Data;Row: NAICS CodesColumn: Energy Sources;Unit: Billion Cubic Feet.

NAICS Total Not Electricity Distillate Residual 

Code(a) Subsector and Industry Consumed(c) Switchable Switchable Receipts(d) Fuel Oil Fuel Oil 

Total United States

311 Food 644 66 578 2 28 10 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 144 20 124 1 9 3 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 59 5 54 0 0 0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 32 5 27 0 1 3 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 88 6 82 * 3 1 

3115 Dairy Product 76 11 65 * 5 2 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 144 16 127 1 5 Q 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 52 6 47 * 4 Q 

3121 Beverages 48 4 44 * 3 Q 3122 Tobacco 4 2 2 * 1 *

313 Textile Mills 22 9 12 Q 4 1 

314 Textile Product Mills 11 5 6 * 4 0 315 Apparel 2 * 1 * * 0316 Leather and Allied Products 1 * 1 * * * 

321 Wood Products 65 2 63 * * * 

321113 Sawmills 17 * 17 * * * 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 30 1 29 * * * 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 20 1 19 0 * * 

3219 Other Wood Products 15 1 14 * 0 * 

322 Paper 551 62 489 12 21 13 

322110 Pulp Mills 39 7 32 0 2 3 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 216 21 195 3 8 2 

322122 Newsprint Mills 5 * 5 0 0 0

322130 Paperboard Mills 227 28 199 8 9 7 

323 Printing and Related Support 23 3 20 Q Q * 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 1,037 103 934 3 8 5 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 958 93 864 2 1 1 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 40 9 31 * 8 4 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 13 * 13 * * 0 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 18 * 18 * * 0 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 8 0 8 0 0 0 

325 Chemicals 2,258 81 2,177 7 32 9 

325110 Petrochemicals 292 11 281 * 1 * 325120 Industrial Gases 80 * 80 * 0 0 

Natural Gas Alternative 
325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 210 7 203 0 1 4 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 346 4 342 0 * 0 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 49 3 47 0 2 0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 386 14 372 * 5 1 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 402 16 386 3 8 * 325212 Synthetic Rubber 19 2 17 * 1 * 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 22 6 16 1 4 2 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 205 * 205 0 * 0 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 24 0 24 0 0 0 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 60 9 51 1 7 * 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 29 4 25 1 2 * 

325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 3 2 1 0 1 * 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 80 13 67 * Q Q 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 335 32 303 1 2 Q 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 35 4 31 * * 0 

327211 Flat Glass 40 2 37 0 1 0 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 22 1 21 1 0 0 

327213 Glass Containers 41 0 41 0 0 0 

327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 8 * 7 * * 0 

327310 Cements 55 17 39 * 0 * 327410 Lime 18 3 15 0 0 0 327420 Gypsum 50 1 49 0 1 0 327993 Mineral Wool 21 * 20 * * 0 

331 Primary Metals 616 26 590 * 2 * 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 396 18 378 * * * 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 24 * 24 * * * 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 112 3 109 * * * 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 17 * 17 * 0 0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 52 1 51 0 * * 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 17 2 14 * * 0 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 40 2 38 * 1 * 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 15 * 15 * 0 0 

3315 Foundries 43 2 40 * 0 * 

331511 Iron Foundries 12 1 11 * 0 * 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 14 1 13 * 0 0 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 6 * 6 * 0 0 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 120 Q 116 1 * Q 333 Machinery 57 Q 54 * * 0 334 Computer and Electronic Products 29 2 27 * * * 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 13 1 12 * * 0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 35 Q 34 * 0 0 

336 Transportation Equipment 151 5 146 1 2 2 

336111 Automobiles 18 * 17 * 0 0 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 24 * 24 * 0 0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 26 3 23 * 1 2 

336411 Aircraft 6 * 5 * 0 0

337 Furniture and Related Products 15 Q 13 * 0 0 

339 Miscellaneous 24 1 23 Q * * 

Total 6,129 428 5,701 30 113 49 
Northeast Census Region

311 Food 47 7 40 1 4 2 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 2 * 2 * 0 0 

311221 Wet Corn Milling * 0 * 0 0 0

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 2 1 1 0 1 0

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 8 2 7 * * 1

3115 Dairy Product 11 1 10 0 1 1 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 7 1 6 * 1 * 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 7 2 5 * 1 * 

3121 Beverages 6 1 5 * 1 0

3122 Tobacco 1 * * 0 0 *

313 Textile Mills 4 1 3 * * 0314 Textile Product Mills 1 * 1 0 * 0

315 Apparel 1 0 1 0 0 0316 Leather and Allied Products * * * 0 * 0 

321 Wood Products 5 * 4 * 0 *

321113 Sawmills * 0 * 0 0 0

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 2 * 2 * 0 0 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 2 * 2 0 0 0 

3219 Other Wood Products 3 * 3 * 0 *

322 Paper 74 10 64 * 3 2 

322110 Pulp Mills 4 0 4 0 0 0

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 47 5 42 0 1 * 

322122 Newsprint Mills 0 0 0 0 0 0

322130 Paperboard Mills 15 4 11 * 2 2 

323 Printing and Related Support 3 * 3 0 0 * 324 Petroleum and Coal Products 41 5 36 * 2 2 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 29 3 26 0 * 1 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 8 2 6 * 2 1 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 1 * 1 * 0 0 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products * 0 * 0 0 0 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 2 0 2 0 0 0 

325 Chemicals 91 11 80 * 8 1 

325110 Petrochemicals * * * 0 * 0325120 Industrial Gases 1 0 1 0 0 0

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 6 * 5 0 0 0 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 7 0 7 0 0 0

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 2 2 * 0 2 0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 24 3 21 * 1 1 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 4 1 4 * 0 * 

325212 Synthetic Rubber * * * * * 0

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments * 0 * 0 0 0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers * * * 0 * 0 325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0 0 0 0 0 0

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 22 3 19 0 3 * 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 8 1 7 0 1 * 

325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 1 * 1 0 0 * 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 10 * 10 0 0 0 
327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 50 3 46 * 0 Q 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 3 * 2 * 0 0 

327211 Flat Glass 4 0 4 0 0 0327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 4 0 4 0 0 0 

327213 Glass Containers 6 0 6 0 0 0

327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 2 * 2 * 0 0 

327310 Cements 15 * 15 * 0 0 

327410 Lime 3 2 1 0 0 0327420 Gypsum 6 0 6 0 0 0327993 Mineral Wool 2 * 2 * 0 0

331 Primary Metals 70 3 66 * 1 * 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 43 * 43 * * 0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 2 * 2 0 0 * 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 14 2 12 0 * 0 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum * 0 * 0 0 0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 6 * 6 0 0 0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 4 2 1 0 * 0 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 7 1 6 * 1 * 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining * 0 * 0 0 0 

3315 Foundries 4 * 4 * 0 *

331511 Iron Foundries 1 * 1 * 0 *331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 1 0 1 0 0 0 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting * 0 * 0 0 0 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 23 Q 23 * * * 333 Machinery 5 0 5 0 0 0

334 Computer and Electronic Products 8 1 7 0 * * 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 2 * 2 0 * 0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 6 0 6 0 0 0 

336 Transportation Equipment 16 3 14 * Q 2 

336111 Automobiles * 0 * 0 0 0

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles * 0 * 0 0 0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 6 2 4 0 0 2 

336411 Aircraft 1 0 1 0 0 0

337 Furniture and Related Products 2 * 2 * 0 0 

339 Miscellaneous 8 * 8 0 0 *

Total 472 47 425 2 21 11 

Midwest Census Region

311 Food 293 37 256 * 13 5 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 112 16 96 0 6 3 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 55 4 50 0 0 0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 8 1 7 0 0 *

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 19 2 16 0 1 0 

3115 Dairy Product 30 7 24 * 3 1 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 59 10 49 * 2 Q 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 12 1 11 0 Q Q 

3121 Beverages 12 1 11 0 Q Q 3122 Tobacco * 0 * 0 0 0

313 Textile Mills 1 * 1 * 0 *
314 Textile Product Mills * 0 * 0 0 0

315 Apparel * 0 * 0 0 0316 Leather and Allied Products 1 * 1 0 * 0 

321 Wood Products 10 1 9 * * * 

321113 Sawmills 1 * 1 * * *

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 4 * 4 * 0 * 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 3 * 3 0 0 * 

3219 Other Wood Products 5 * 4 0 0 0

322 Paper 106 11 95 3 2 2 

322110 Pulp Mills 1 0 1 0 0 0

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 52 6 46 3 1 1 

322122 Newsprint Mills 0 0 0 0 0 0

322130 Paperboard Mills 27 2 26 0 * 1 

323 Printing and Related Support 12 Q 11 * 0 0 324 Petroleum and Coal Products 131 37 94 * 3 1 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 113 34 79 * * 0 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 10 3 6 * 3 1 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 4 * 4 0 * 0 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 2 0 2 0 0 0 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 2 0 2 0 0 0 

325 Chemicals 539 11 528 * 6 * 

325110 Petrochemicals * 0 * 0 0 0325120 Industrial Gases * 0 * 0 0 0325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 21 * 21 0 * 0 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 315 2 313 0 * 0 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 2 0 2 0 0 0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 39 1 38 0 1 * 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 31 3 28 * 3 0 325212 Synthetic Rubber 1 * 1 0 * 0

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments * 0 * 0 0 0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 44 0 44 0 0 0 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers * 0 * 0 0 0

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 20 3 17 * Q 0 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 14 2 12 * * 0 

325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals * * * 0 0 0 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 34 Q 27 0 0 Q 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 86 6 80 * 1 0 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 7 1 6 * 0 0 

327211 Flat Glass 14 1 13 0 1 0 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 8 0 8 0 0 0 

327213 Glass Containers 11 0 11 0 0 0 

327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 2 * 2 * 0 0 

327310 Cements 6 2 4 0 0 0327410 Lime 9 1 9 0 0 0327420 Gypsum 9 0 9 0 0 0327993 Mineral Wool 8 0 8 0 0 0

331 Primary Metals 322 18 305 * * 0 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 244 15 229 * 0 0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 13 * 13 * 0 0 
3313 Alumina and Aluminum 28 * 28 * 0 0 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 8 * 8 * 0 0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 13 0 13 0 0 0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 5 0 5 0 0 0 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 11 * 11 * * 0 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 3 * 3 * 0 0 

3315 Foundries 26 2 24 * 0 0 

331511 Iron Foundries 8 * 7 * 0 0331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 9 1 7 * 0 0 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 3 0 3 0 0 0 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 56 Q 53 1 0 0 333 Machinery 34 1 34 * * 0 

334 Computer and Electronic Products 3 * 3 * 0 0 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 1 * 1 * 0 0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 12 0 12 0 0 0 

336 Transportation Equipment 87 Q 86 * 0 0 

336111 Automobiles 12 * 12 0 0 0 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 16 * 16 * 0 0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 7 * 7 * 0 0 

336411 Aircraft 2 0 2 0 0 0

337 Furniture and Related Products 8 * 8 * 0 0 

339 Miscellaneous 9 1 8 Q * *

Total 1,757 134 1,622 6 26 13 

South Census Region

311 Food 156 20 136 1 10 3 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 24 4 19 1 3 * 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 2 0 2 0 0 0

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 10 4 6 0 0 3 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 16 1 14 * 1 0 

3115 Dairy Product 10 2 8 0 * 1 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 58 3 55 Q 2 0 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 23 3 20 * 3 * 

3121 Beverages 20 2 18 0 2 0 

3122 Tobacco 4 1 2 * 1 *

313 Textile Mills 16 8 7 Q 4 1 

314 Textile Product Mills 9 5 3 * 3 0315 Apparel 1 * 1 * * 0316 Leather and Allied Products * 0 * 0 0 0 

321 Wood Products 38 1 37 * 0 * 

321113 Sawmills 13 * 13 * 0 * 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 18 1 18 * 0 0 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 12 1 12 0 0 0 

3219 Other Wood Products 6 * 5 * 0 0

322 Paper 319 40 278 8 15 8 

322110 Pulp Mills 34 7 27 0 2 3 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 90 10 80 0 6 1 

322122 Newsprint Mills 4 * 4 0 0 0

322130 Paperboard Mills 168 22 146 8 6 5 
323 Printing and Related Support 7 1 6 0 Q 0 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 620 29 591 2 3 1 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 581 25 556 1 0 0 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 14 3 11 * 3 1 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 6 * 6 * * 0 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 15 * 15 * * 0 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 3 0 3 0 0 0 

325 Chemicals 1,569 57 1,512 7 17 7 

325110 Petrochemicals 292 11 281 * * * 325120 Industrial Gases D * D * 0 0325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 166 6 161 0 1 4 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 13 1 12 0 0 0 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 43 * 42 0 * 0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 319 10 309 0 3 0 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 366 13 353 2 5 0 325212 Synthetic Rubber 17 2 16 * 1 * 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 22 6 16 1 4 2 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 156 0 156 0 0 0 325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers D 0 D 0 0 0

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 13 3 10 * 2 * 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 6 1 4 * 1 0 

325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 1 1 * 0 * 0 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 31 6 25 * Q Q 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 151 20 131 1 2 * 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 23 2 21 * * 0 

327211 Flat Glass 17 1 15 0 0 0 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 10 1 9 1 0 0 

327213 Glass Containers 15 0 15 0 0 0 

327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 3 * 3 * * 0 

327310 Cements 26 13 13 0 0 * 

327410 Lime 5 * 5 0 0 0327420 Gypsum 27 1 26 0 1 0 327993 Mineral Wool 8 0 8 0 0 0

331 Primary Metals 183 5 179 * 1 * 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 94 3 91 * * 0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 9 * 9 0 * 0 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 62 1 61 * * * 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 8 0 8 0 0 0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 29 1 28 0 0 * 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 6 * 6 * * 0 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 10 1 10 * * 0 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 1 * 1 * 0 0 

3315 Foundries 9 * 8 * 0 0

331511 Iron Foundries 2 * 2 * 0 0

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 4 * 3 0 0 0 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 1 * 1 * 0 0 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 29 Q 28 * 0 Q 333 Machinery 14 Q 12 * 0 0 

334 Computer and Electronic Products 7 1 6 * * 0 
334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 4 1 3 0 * 0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 14 Q 14 * 0 0 

336 Transportation Equipment 39 Q 38 * * 0 

336111 Automobiles 5 0 5 0 0 0

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 9 0 9 0 0 0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 4 * 4 * * 0 

336411 Aircraft 1 * 1 0 0 0

337 Furniture and Related Products 4 Q 2 0 0 0 

339 Miscellaneous 6 * 6 * 0 0

Total 3,235 203 3,032 20 62 25 

West Census Region

311 Food 149 3 146 0 2 0 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 6 * 6 0 0 0 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 2 * 2 0 0 0

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 13 0 13 0 0 0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 46 * 45 0 * 0 

3115 Dairy Product 25 1 24 0 1 0 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 20 2 19 0 * 0 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 11 0 11 0 0 0 

3121 Beverages 11 0 11 0 0 0 

3122 Tobacco 0 0 0 0 0 0

313 Textile Mills 1 0 1 0 0 0314 Textile Product Mills Q 0 Q 0 0 0315 Apparel * * * * 0 0316 Leather and Allied Products * * * * * * 

321 Wood Products 12 1 12 * * 0 

321113 Sawmills 3 * 3 * * 0

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 7 * 6 * * 0 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 3 * 3 0 * 0 

3219 Other Wood Products 2 * 1 * 0 0

322 Paper 52 * 51 * 0 0 

322110 Pulp Mills 0 0 0 0 0 0

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 27 0 27 0 0 0 

322122 Newsprint Mills 1 0 1 0 0 0

322130 Paperboard Mills 17 * 16 0 0 0 

323 Printing and Related Support 1 * 1 * * * 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 246 32 214 1 * * 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 235 32 204 1 0 0 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 8 * 7 0 * * 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 2 * 2 0 0 0 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 1 0 1 0 0 0 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products * 0 * 0 0 0 

325 Chemicals 59 2 57 * 1 0 

325110 Petrochemicals 0 0 0 0 0 0325120 Industrial Gases D * D * 0 0325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 17 1 16 0 0 0 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 11 0 11 0 0 0 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 2 0 2 0 0 0 
325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 4 0 4 0 0 0 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 1 0 1 0 0 0 325212 Synthetic Rubber * 0 * 0 0 0325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments * 0 * 0 0 0 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 5 0 5 0 0 0 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers D 0 D 0 0 0

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 4 * 4 * 0 0 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 2 * 2 * 0 0 

325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 1 1 * 0 1 0 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products Q * Q * 0 0 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 48 2 46 * * 0 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 2 * 2 * 0 0 

327211 Flat Glass 5 * 5 0 0 0

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 1 * 1 * 0 0 

327213 Glass Containers 9 0 9 0 0 0

327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass * * * * 0 0 

327310 Cements 9 2 7 0 0 0327410 Lime * 0 * 0 0 0327420 Gypsum 9 0 9 0 0 0327993 Mineral Wool 2 * 2 0 * 0

331 Primary Metals 41 1 40 * * * 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 16 * 16 * 0 * 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel * * * 0 0 0 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 8 * 8 0 * 0

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 1 0 1 0 0 0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 4 * 4 0 * 0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 2 0 2 0 0 0 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 12 * 12 * 0 0 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 10 * 10 0 0 0 

3315 Foundries 4 * 4 * 0 0

331511 Iron Foundries 1 * 1 * 0 0331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 1 * 1 * 0 0 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 1 * 1 * 0 0 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 11 * 11 * 0 0 333 Machinery 3 * 3 * 0 0

334 Computer and Electronic Products 11 * 11 0 * 0 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 6 * 6 0 * 0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components Q * Q * 0 0 

336 Transportation Equipment 9 1 8 * 1 0 

336111 Automobiles * * * * 0 0

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles * 0 * 0 0 0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 8 1 7 * 1 0 

336411 Aircraft 2 * 2 * 0 0

337 Furniture and Related Products 1 0 1 0 0 0 

339 Miscellaneous 1 0 1 0 0 0

Total 666 44 622 2 5 * Economic Characteristic (f)
Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

Under 20 444 27 416 4 13 5 

20‐49 353 21 332 2 7 4 

50‐99 580 28 552 1 9 5 

100‐249 1,067 74 993 3 28 13 250‐499 727 59 668 5 20 14 500 and Over 2,958 218 2,740 15 36 9 

Total 6,129 428 5,701 30 113 49 Employment Size

Under 50 711 33 678 3 18 7 50‐99 609 28 580 4 11 4 

100‐249 1,121 67 1,054 3 23 13 250‐499 1,202 125 1,077 13 32 15 500‐999 1,244 101 1,142 6 17 6 1000 and Over 1,243 73 1,170 1 12 4 

Total 6,129 428 5,701 30 113 49 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) Alternative Energy Sources consist of those energy sources that could have been substituted for natural gas during 2018. The quantities are expressed in billions of cubic feet, and 

natural gas that could have been displaced by the given alternative type of energy.

(c) Total Consumed represents those quantities (Total Inputs) of natural gas that were ascertained switchable or not switchable, plus an additional quantity for which the switching s

(d) Electricity Receipts represents those quantities of electricity generated off the manufacturing establishment site and available at the site for consumption. It includes those quant

quantities transferred in, quantities purchased and paid for by a central purchasing entity, and quantities for which payment was made in kind. It does not include electricity generated 

adjusted to account for any quantities that might have been resold or transferred out. The estimates include those quantities that were ascertained switchable or not switchable, plus 

switching status was not ascertained.

(e) Other includes all other types of energy not already identified that respondents indicated could have been consumed in place of natural gas.

(f) Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size categories were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

NA=Not available.Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey, and the Bureau 

Annual Survey of Manufactures.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CB

FY21‐312).
Released: February 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

RSE Table 10.2 Relative Standard Errors for Table 10.2;

Unit: Percents.

NAICS Total Not Electricity Distillate Residual 

Code(a) Subsector and Industry Consumed(c) Switchable Switchable Receipts(d) Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Coal 

Total United States

311 Food 4.5 5.5 5.0 20.6 11.5 11.1 1.0 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 3.6 5.4 4.1 0.2 7.1 27.1 0.0 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 0.0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 3.2 3.8 3.5 5.2 6.8 3.5 X 

3115 Dairy Product 2.3 7.9 2.4 0.0 8.9 12.3 X 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 6.2 7.3 6.9 44.1 20.2 64.1 97.1 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 8.5 8.4 9.5 0.0 10.4 51.6 X 

3121 Beverages 9.2 11.7 10.0 0.0 14.1 91.2 X 3122 Tobacco 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 

313 Textile Mills 12.7 22.2 10.6 51.7 32.0 47.1 57.7 

314 Textile Product Mills 13.5 19.0 20.3 39.7 19.6 X X 

315 Apparel 14.3 21.2 17.0 25.2 31.6 X X 316 Leather and Allied Products 11.6 11.6 13.2 0.0 16.0 0.0 X 

321 Wood Products 10.2 5.7 10.6 30.7 0.4 15.2 0.0 

321113 Sawmills 36.2 0.6 36.9 7.0 0.0 0.0 X 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.9 1.7 1.0 X 0.0 0.0 X 

3219 Other Wood Products 14.9 19.8 15.6 53.2 X 64.7 X 

322 Paper 1.0 2.1 1.2 0.9 1.9 0.0 0.0 

322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

323 Printing and Related Support 10.0 27.3 10.9 69.0 65.3 47.4 X 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 0.3 0.6 0.4 5.1 7.6 11.5 33.4 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 3.9 7.4 4.8 31.4 8.3 13.6 57.4 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 1.1 0.3 1.1 0.0 0.7 X X 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 17.4 0.0 17.8 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

325 Chemicals 1.7 4.0 1.7 24.8 6.1 3.9 0.0 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 

325120 Industrial Gases 1.9 62.4 1.9 62.4 X X X 

Natural Gas Alternative Ene
325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 4.0 2.5 4.1 X 23.0 0.0 0.0 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 1.5 15.3 1.5 X 0.0 X X 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 6.0 7.1 6.2 24.0 12.4 19.8 0.0 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 1.1 7.2 1.2 0.8 14.4 25.8 X 325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 3.2 0.0 3.2 X 0.0 X X 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 5.2 9.8 5.7 26.8 13.1 51.7 0.0 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 9.6 4.8 11.1 27.3 8.8 0.0 0.0 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0.4 0.1 0.9 X 0.1 0.0 X 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 14.3 41.9 15.0 56.8 80.0 70.4 X 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 1.7 4.7 1.8 2.5 0.0 54.3 0.1 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 2.2 0.9 2.4 21.2 0.0 X 0.0 

327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 0.7 9.8 0.7 0.0 X X X 

327213 Glass Containers 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 1.1 2.5 1.2 17.6 0.0 X X 

327310 Cements 1.2 0.1 1.7 0.0 X 0.0 0.1 

327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 0.0 327420 Gypsum 0.5 0.0 0.5 X 0.0 X X 327993 Mineral Wool 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 X X 

331 Primary Metals 0.2 0.9 0.2 10.5 2.3 0.7 0.0 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 3.9 1.0 3.9 69.1 0.0 0.0 X 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0.4 0.4 0.4 30.2 3.2 0.0 X 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 2.3 0.0 2.3 0.0 X X X 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 X 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 0.4 0.6 0.5 43.5 6.9 X X 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 1.3 3.5 1.4 48.2 4.1 0.0 X 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 1.3 0.0 1.3 0.0 X X X 

3315 Foundries 0.9 9.4 0.8 12.5 X 80.0 X 

331511 Iron Foundries 2.0 41.0 1.3 28.1 X 80.0 X 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 1.6 5.4 1.8 3.3 X X X 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 1.3 6.6 1.3 6.6 X X X 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 16.1 54.5 16.7 42.1 99.5 70.9 X 

333 Machinery 13.0 54.9 13.5 51.3 0.0 X X 334 Computer and Electronic Products 10.4 2.2 11.0 61.6 0.0 0.0 X 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 3.6 2.8 3.8 65.3 0.0 X X 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 15.1 71.6 15.5 81.4 X X X 

336 Transportation Equipment 8.5 18.2 8.8 30.8 34.7 0.0 X 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 2.8 2.7 3.2 7.1 8.3 0.0 X 

336411 Aircraft 1.6 0.0 1.7 0.0 X X X 
337 Furniture and Related Products 12.4 69.9 12.1 96.4 X X X 

339 Miscellaneous 17.6 30.5 18.4 54.9 39.9 75.5 99.0 

Total 0.9 2.0 1.0 6.7 4.2 8.5 2.0 

Northeast Census Region

311 Food 9.9 2.4 11.5 2.4 3.7 3.7 X 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 0.9 71.5 0.9 71.5 X X X 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 13.5 3.1 17.0 0.0 15.8 3.5 X 

3115 Dairy Product 6.6 5.9 7.6 X 8.0 8.4 X 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 2.2 3.9 2.6 0.0 7.1 0.0 X 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 4.3 2.0 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 

3121 Beverages 4.7 2.4 6.1 0.0 0.0 X X 3122 Tobacco 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 X 

313 Textile Mills 13.1 16.7 14.2 36.4 24.1 X X 

314 Textile Product Mills 41.4 0.0 48.6 X 0.0 X X 

315 Apparel 36.6 X 36.6 X X X X 

316 Leather and Allied Products 15.1 38.1 15.2 X 38.1 X X 

321 Wood Products 18.6 14.9 19.5 53.1 X 16.3 X 

321113 Sawmills 9.7 X 9.7 X X X X 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 1.2 0.0 1.2 0.0 X X X 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 

3219 Other Wood Products 33.2 64.7 33.8 64.7 X 64.7 X 

322 Paper 4.5 3.3 5.2 0.0 10.6 0.0 0.0 

322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

322122 Newsprint Mills X X X X X X X 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 

323 Printing and Related Support 28.9 50.9 31.1 X X 50.9 X 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 1.2 6.1 1.2 0.0 12.9 14.8 X 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 X 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 5.7 15.6 6.5 0.0 16.5 25.4 X 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 1.6 X 1.6 X X X X 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

325 Chemicals 13.0 3.7 14.8 21.6 3.6 24.2 0.0 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 

325120 Industrial Gases 5.8 X 5.8 X X X X 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 17.8 0.0 18.9 X X X X 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 0.5 3.9 0.3 24.0 0.0 18.1 0.0 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 2.4 4.1 2.6 16.6 X 25.8 X 325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 
325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers X X X X X X X 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 1.2 2.3 1.4 X 2.3 0.0 X 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 1.7 8.8 1.6 X 8.9 0.0 X 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 X 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 46.5 96.7 46.9 X X X X 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 3.1 15.0 3.1 22.0 X 98.5 0.0 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 5.9 3.8 6.9 24.3 X X X 327211 Flat Glass 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 1.8 X 1.8 X X X X 

327213 Glass Containers 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.0 X X X 

327310 Cements 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 

327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 0.0 327420 Gypsum 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 327993 Mineral Wool 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 

331 Primary Metals 0.3 1.6 0.3 54.4 0.0 0.7 0.0 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 2.5 0.0 2.6 X X 0.0 X 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 2.2 5.4 2.4 70.3 0.0 0.0 X 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

3315 Foundries 1.9 80.0 1.9 80.0 X 80.0 X 

331511 Iron Foundries 1.4 80.0 1.3 80.0 X 80.0 X 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 3.2 X 3.2 X X X X 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 1.2 X 1.2 X X X X 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 46.8 84.2 47.8 76.8 99.5 92.3 X 

333 Machinery 25.3 X 25.3 X X X X 334 Computer and Electronic Products 18.8 3.1 20.4 X 0.0 0.0 X 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 2.3 0.0 2.4 X 0.0 X X 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 38.2 X 38.2 X X X X 

336 Transportation Equipment 23.8 24.7 27.9 66.1 66.1 0.0 X 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 1.1 0.0 1.5 X X 0.0 X 

336411 Aircraft 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

337 Furniture and Related Products 37.0 99.0 37.0 99.0 X X X 339 Miscellaneous 41.5 99.0 41.9 X X 99.0 X 

Total 4.0 2.5 4.5 7.5 4.2 7.0 0.0 

Midwest Census Region

311 Food 6.6 4.3 7.5 36.7 8.3 22.4 1.2 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 4.5 6.9 5.3 X 10.9 28.4 0.0 
311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 0.0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 X 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 9.6 6.8 11.1 X 7.5 X X 

3115 Dairy Product 4.0 10.5 4.5 0.0 11.9 38.1 X 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 8.9 7.9 10.8 90.0 33.1 64.9 97.1 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 6.2 49.5 5.4 X 89.9 91.2 X 

3121 Beverages 6.2 49.5 5.4 X 89.9 91.2 X 3122 Tobacco 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

313 Textile Mills 13.1 34.0 13.7 43.8 X 43.8 X 

314 Textile Product Mills 57.4 X 57.4 X X X X 

315 Apparel 61.2 X 61.2 X X X X 

316 Leather and Allied Products 17.2 0.0 20.1 X 0.0 X X 321 Wood Products 6.2 15.3 6.6 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 

321113 Sawmills 4.7 0.7 5.3 3.7 0.0 0.0 X 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 2.2 17.2 2.2 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.5 17.7 0.3 X X 0.0 X 

3219 Other Wood Products 12.3 20.2 13.5 X X X X 

322 Paper 3.9 7.4 4.2 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 

322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

322122 Newsprint Mills X X X X X X X 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

323 Printing and Related Support 14.7 52.9 15.3 89.7 X X X 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.0 9.7 21.1 X 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 3.8 9.1 4.4 0.0 10.0 21.1 X 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 1.3 2.6 1.3 X 2.6 X X 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 3.8 X 3.8 X X X X 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

325 Chemicals 4.9 12.0 4.9 14.6 18.6 64.2 0.0 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

325120 Industrial Gases 3.5 X 3.5 X X X X 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 1.9 0.0 1.9 X 0.0 X X 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 1.6 24.1 1.7 X 0.0 X X 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 20.6 30.0 21.6 X 44.5 64.2 X 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 6.1 0.8 6.7 72.6 0.0 X X 325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 0.1 X 0.1 X X X X 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 15.0 29.3 16.2 5.0 60.6 X 0.0 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 20.1 0.0 22.8 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 24.1 68.4 24.3 X X 96.3 X 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 2.6 17.5 2.4 3.7 0.0 X 0.0 
327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 3.4 2.4 4.0 0.0 X X 0.0 

327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 1.0 X 1.0 X X X X 

327213 Glass Containers 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 3.2 5.0 3.3 5.6 X X X 

327310 Cements 0.1 0.0 0.1 X X X 0.0 

327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 0.0 327420 Gypsum 0.2 X 0.2 X X X X 327993 Mineral Wool 0.5 X 0.5 X X X X 

331 Primary Metals 0.2 1.3 0.2 7.5 0.0 X 0.0 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 3.7 2.1 3.7 69.1 X X X 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0.8 0.0 0.8 0.0 X X X 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 2.7 0.0 2.7 0.0 X X X 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 1.2 X 1.2 X X X X 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 3.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 X X 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 

3315 Foundries 1.4 11.4 1.3 56.9 X X X 

331511 Iron Foundries 3.1 48.7 1.9 42.1 X X X 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 2.4 6.6 2.8 75.9 X X X 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 1.8 X 1.8 X X X X 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 21.5 76.9 22.3 48.1 X X X 

333 Machinery 17.9 23.9 18.3 70.5 0.0 X X 334 Computer and Electronic Products 23.4 17.4 24.5 65.3 X X X 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 12.2 17.4 11.3 65.3 X X X 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 35.2 X 35.2 X X X X 

336 Transportation Equipment 13.1 61.3 13.2 66.8 X X X 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 2.5 52.7 2.5 80.5 X X X 

336411 Aircraft 1.3 X 1.3 X X X X 

337 Furniture and Related Products 16.5 98.6 16.5 98.6 X X X 339 Miscellaneous 20.0 38.2 21.7 57.0 39.9 99.0 99.0 

Total 2.2 4.3 2.3 10.7 6.4 29.8 0.7 

South Census Region

311 Food 6.3 16.5 6.4 35.3 31.8 0.1 0.0 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 1.9 3.1 2.2 0.0 0.0 1.3 X 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 0.0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 4.9 2.5 5.4 23.5 0.0 X X 

3115 Dairy Product 7.2 27.9 5.3 X 0.0 0.0 X 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 4.8 27.1 4.9 78.1 43.8 X X 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 18.7 2.1 21.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 X 

3121 Beverages 22.1 3.7 24.4 X 0.2 X X 
3122 Tobacco 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 

313 Textile Mills 17.2 24.8 16.5 76.1 33.0 49.0 57.7 

314 Textile Product Mills 15.6 19.5 27.2 39.7 20.4 X X 

315 Apparel 11.7 21.3 14.0 28.5 31.6 X X 

316 Leather and Allied Products 4.8 X 4.8 X X X X 321 Wood Products 17.1 5.6 17.4 9.8 X 0.0 X 

321113 Sawmills 46.5 0.0 46.8 0.0 X 0.0 X 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 1.4 0.3 1.5 69.9 X X X 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 1.5 0.0 1.6 X X X X 

3219 Other Wood Products 34.5 93.4 34.8 94.2 X X X 

322 Paper 1.2 2.5 1.4 0.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 

322110 Pulp Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 0.0 0.0 

322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

323 Printing and Related Support 19.7 35.1 22.7 X 68.0 X X 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 0.6 1.6 0.6 7.4 15.6 25.6 33.4 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 9.7 13.8 12.5 32.0 16.5 25.6 57.4 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 2.3 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 X X 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 20.9 0.0 21.4 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

325 Chemicals 1.7 5.2 1.7 26.0 9.1 1.8 0.0 

325110 Petrochemicals 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 

325120 Industrial Gases D 72.5 D 72.5 X X X 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 5.0 3.2 5.2 X 24.4 0.0 X 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 6.8 9.1 7.0 X 15.3 X 0.0 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 1.1 9.1 1.2 0.0 21.4 X X 325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 4.1 X 4.1 X X X X 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers D X D X X X X 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 2.0 7.3 1.7 33.7 8.0 67.9 X 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 3.6 12.9 2.9 33.7 16.5 X X 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 1.4 0.2 4.2 X 77.9 X X 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 21.8 47.0 24.0 69.3 80.0 62.6 X 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 2.1 4.7 2.3 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 3.0 0.5 3.4 90.2 0.0 X 0.0 

327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 1.2 9.9 1.2 0.0 X X X 

327213 Glass Containers 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 0.9 0.4 0.9 38.9 0.0 X X 

327310 Cements 2.6 0.0 5.1 X X 0.0 0.0 

327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 0.0 
327420 Gypsum 0.9 0.0 0.9 X 0.0 X X 

327993 Mineral Wool 0.2 X 0.2 X X X X 

331 Primary Metals 0.5 0.9 0.5 14.0 5.5 0.0 X 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 9.2 0.0 9.3 X 0.0 X X 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0.6 2.0 0.6 43.5 43.5 0.0 X 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 4.2 X 4.2 X X X X 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X 0.0 X 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 0.4 27.6 0.3 43.5 43.5 X X 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 2.4 7.2 2.5 7.5 16.3 X X 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 

3315 Foundries 0.8 2.6 0.8 8.8 X X X 

331511 Iron Foundries 1.5 81.7 1.5 81.7 X X X 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 1.6 2.7 1.7 X X X X 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 X X X 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 35.9 92.6 36.9 99.5 X 96.9 X 

333 Machinery 29.2 72.9 32.0 92.3 X X X 334 Computer and Electronic Products 33.3 0.4 37.3 98.0 0.0 X X 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 16.9 88.9 17.3 84.6 X X X 

336 Transportation Equipment 15.7 63.3 15.8 11.8 55.1 X X 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 15.4 29.5 16.3 11.8 55.1 X X 

336411 Aircraft 5.4 0.0 5.9 X X X X 

337 Furniture and Related Products 30.3 70.9 27.2 X X X X 339 Miscellaneous 33.7 48.5 34.9 91.1 X X X 

Total 1.0 3.1 1.1 9.2 7.0 6.1 3.9 

West Census Region

311 Food 13.4 8.8 13.7 X 15.4 X X 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 6.1 11.5 6.1 X X X X 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 3.9 38.9 3.9 X 38.9 X X 

3115 Dairy Product 2.8 19.0 2.9 X 24.2 X X 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 32.7 0.0 35.4 X 0.0 X X 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 5.5 X 5.5 X X X X 

3121 Beverages 5.5 X 5.5 X X X X 3122 Tobacco X X X X X XX 

313 Textile Mills 12.5 X 12.5 X X X X 

314 Textile Product Mills 57.0 X 57.0 X X X X 

315 Apparel 31.1 39.1 32.5 39.1 X X X 316 Leather and Allied Products 21.7 0.0 22.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 321 Wood Products 4.4 10.4 4.7 41.4 0.4 X X 

321113 Sawmills 1.4 1.2 1.5 80.3 0.0 X X 
3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 3.2 0.5 3.5 0.0 0.9 X X 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0.1 0.0 0.1 X 0.0 X X 

3219 Other Wood Products 20.8 66.4 22.0 69.7 X X X 

322 Paper 2.5 0.1 2.5 98.3 X X X 

322110 Pulp Mills X X X X X XX 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

322122 Newsprint Mills 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 

323 Printing and Related Support 31.9 85.3 34.1 85.3 99.0 99.0 X 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.0 62.4 50.8 X 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block 4.4 48.0 4.0 X 62.4 50.8 X 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 0.5 0.0 0.5 X X X X 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

325 Chemicals 1.6 1.2 1.7 82.3 0.0 X 0.0 

325110 Petrochemicals X X X X X X X 

325120 Industrial Gases D 93.8 D 93.8 X X X 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 2.1 0.0 2.2 X X X 0.0 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 4.0 X 4.0 X X X X 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins 2.9 X 2.9 X X X X 325212 Synthetic Rubber 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 14.5 X 14.5 X X X X 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers D X D X X X X 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines 7.0 86.7 7.0 86.7 X X X 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation 11.9 86.7 11.9 86.7 X X X 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0.1 0.0 1.3 X 0.0 X X 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 62.0 92.7 62.5 92.7 X X X 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 8.8 0.4 9.2 44.1 0.0 X 0.1 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 1.3 70.3 1.3 70.3 X X X 

327211 Flat Glass 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X X 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 2.1 15.6 2.0 0.0 X X X 

327213 Glass Containers 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 6.0 91.3 6.0 91.3 X X X 

327310 Cements 0.1 0.1 0.0 X X X 0.1 

327410 Lime 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 327420 Gypsum 0.1 X 0.1 X X X X 327993 Mineral Wool 8.3 0.0 8.9 X 0.0 X X 

331 Primary Metals 0.8 4.2 0.8 9.3 0.0 0.0 X 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel 16.0 0.0 16.2 X X X X 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0.4 0.0 0.4 X 0.0 X X 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 
331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 1.7 X 1.7 X X X X 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 2.5 0.2 2.6 59.1 X X X 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 1.9 0.0 1.9 X X X X 

3315 Foundries 1.6 18.6 1.6 14.6 X X X 

331511 Iron Foundries 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 X X X 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 4.1 0.0 4.2 0.0 X X X 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 6.7 34.2 6.8 34.2 X X X 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 37.4 79.3 37.6 99.5 X X X 

333 Machinery 43.3 69.1 45.0 69.1 X X X 334 Computer and Electronic Products 12.2 0.0 12.3 X 0.0 X X 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 7.1 0.0 7.1 X 0.0 X X 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 53.3 87.7 57.7 96.8 X X X 

336 Transportation Equipment 5.4 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.0 X X 

336111 Automobiles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X X X 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 1.8 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 X X 

336411 Aircraft 2.7 0.0 2.9 0.0 X X X 

337 Furniture and Related Products 44.0 X 44.0 X X X X 339 Miscellaneous 32.6 X 32.6 X X X X 

Total 3.2 1.0 3.4 15.5 6.9 46.6 0.1 Economic Characteristic (f)

Value of Shipments and Receipts

(million dollars)

Under 20 7.1 13.9 7.5 38.6 9.3 14.7 12.8 20‐49 6.6 8.2 7.0 43.5 16.0 25.0 0.1 50‐99 4.0 8.3 4.2 42.1 20.0 19.2 1.1 100‐249 2.8 8.4 3.0 14.0 9.0 27.8 20.1 250‐499 2.8 3.9 3.1 10.8 8.2 1.0 0.0 500 and Over 0.4 1.4 0.4 0.2 7.6 12.5 0.0 

Total 0.9 2.0 1.0 6.7 4.2 8.5 2.0 Employment Size

Under 50 5.2 11.2 5.4 19.5 10.0 15.5 12.6 50‐99 3.0 9.6 3.1 48.4 14.8 22.5 0.2 100‐249 2.8 4.2 3.0 22.3 7.2 5.9 0.0 250‐499 2.0 4.3 2.2 1.7 7.3 23.8 0.6 500‐999 1.0 3.8 1.0 8.7 16.6 13.6 11.2 1000 and Over 0.8 2.3 0.8 5.0 5.6 24.2 0.0 

Total 0.9 2.0 1.0 6.7 4.2 8.5 2.0 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
(b) Alternative Energy Sources consist of those energy sources that could have been substituted for natural gas during 2018. The quantities are expressed in billions of cubic 

quantity of natural gas that could have been displaced by the given alternative type of energy.

(c) Total Consumed represents those quantities (Total Inputs) of natural gas that were ascertained switchable or not switchable, plus an additional quantity for which the sw

(d) Electricity Receipts represents those quantities of electricity generated off the manufacturing establishment site and available at the site for consumption. It includes tho

made, quantities transferred in, quantities purchased and paid for by a central purchasing entity, and quantities for which payment was made in kind. It does not include elec

Receipts has not been adjusted to account for any quantities that might have been resold or transferred out. The estimates include those quantities that were ascertained sw

additional quantity for which the switching status was not ascertained.

(e) Other includes all other types of energy not already identified that respondents indicated could have been consumed in place of natural gas.

(f) Value of Shipments and Receipts and Employment Size categories were supplied by the Bureau of the Census.

* Estimate less than 0.5.D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a data table value of zero.

NA=Not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey, and th

the 2018 Annual Survey of Manufactures.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Appro

(Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY21‐312).