,

,

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 ix

Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 presents statistics about energy-related characteristics of highway vehicles

available for personal use by members of U.S. households. The data were collected in the 1994 Residential Transportation

Energy Consumption Survey, the final cycle in a series of nationwide energy consumption surveys conducted during the

1980's and 1990's by the Energy Information Administrations.
Engines Became

More Powerful . . .

Percent Distribution of Total

Residential Vehicle Fleet by

Number of Cylinders, 1988 and 1994

Percent Distribution of Vehicle Fleet

by Engine Size, 1988 and 1994

Percent

Percent

4 cyl

Less

than

2.50

liters

6 cyl

2.50-

4.49

8 cyl liters

4.50

liters

or

greater

20

20

40

40

Vehicle Performance for Model Years 1980 - 1995

(Index, 1980 = 100)

Source: Environmental Protection Agency

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

60

80

100

120

140

160

Index, 1980 = 100

Horsepower

Cubic Inch Displacement

Acceleration

x Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
And the Vehicle

Fleet Stock Aged.

Percent Distribution of Total Residential

Vehicle Fleet by Vehicle Age, 1988 and 1994

Percent

20 40

6-11 3-5 0-2

Fuel Injection Replaced

Carburetion . . .

Percent Distribution of Total Residential

Vehicle Fleet with Carburetors and Fuel

Injection, 1988 and 1994 Percent

Carburetor Fuel

Injector

40 20 60 80

+12

Minivans and Sport-Utility Vehicles Became More Popular.

Percent Distribution of Total

Residential Vehicle Fleet by

Vehicle Type, 1988 and 1994

Percent Distribution of Newer Vehicles

(2 model years old or less) by Vehicle

Type, 1988 and 1994

Percent of Stock

Percent of Stock

Pickup

Trucks Pickup

Trucks

Passenger

Cars Passenger

Cars

Minivans and

Sport-Utility

Vehicles

Minivans and

Sport-Utility

Vehicles

40

40

20

20

60

60

80

80

INFO ON

VEHICLE

CHARACTERISTICS

1988 1994

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 xi
Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household by

Household Composition, 1988 and 1994

Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Vehicle by

Vehicle Age, 1988 and 1994

Thousand Miles Thousand Miles Years of Age

HH with

Children

16-17

Other

HH with

Children

1 Adult

0 Child

2+ Adult

0 Child

0-2

3-5

6-11

12+

10 20 10 30 5 15

Everyone Drove More,

but Families with Driving-Age

Children Traveled the Most.

Older Vehicles Were

Used the Least.

xii Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household by

Census Region, 1988 and 1994

Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household by

Household Income, 1988 and 1994

Thousand Miles Thousand Miles

Northeast

$50,000 or

more

Midwest $15,000-

$49,999

South

Less than

$15,000

West

10 10 20 20 30 30

Households in the "Wide-Open West"

Did Drive More Than Others . . . Not

But Higher-Income

Households Did.

Vehicles per Household Remained

Steady, While Driving Increased . . .

Especially Outside

of the Suburbs.

INFO ON

VEHICLE-MILES

TRAVELED

1988 1994

Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household

by Urban Status, 1988 and 1994

Vehicles per Household and Vehicle-Miles

Traveled per Household, 1988 and 1994

Number of Vehicles

Thousand Miles

Thousand Miles

Central

City

Miles

per HH

Suburban

Rural

Vehicles

per HH

10

1

10

20

2

20

30

3

30

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 xiii
Fuel Costs Added Up!

Newer Vehicle On-Road Fuel

Economy Fell Slightly . . .

In 1994, U.S. households

paid $104.7 billion for their

vehicle fuel, almost half of

their total energy expenditures.

On-Road Average Fuel Economy of Newer

Household Vehicles (2 or less model years old)

by Vehicle Type, 1988 and 1994

Miles per Gallon

All

Vehicles

Cars Pickup

Trucks

Minivans

*Data for 1988 were insufficient.

10

5

20

15

25

*

xiv Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
On-Road Average Fuel Economy of Household

Vehicle Fleet by Vehicle Type, 1988 and 1994 Miles per Gallon

All

Vehicles

Cars Pickup

Trucks

Minivans

10

20

But the Fuel Economy of the Total

Fleet Continued To Rise Slowly.

Households Paid More For Vehicle Fuel in 1994 than

They Did in 1988.

Final Average Expenditures per

Household for Vehicle Fuel,

1988 and 1994

Current

Dollars

InflationAdjusted

Dollars

1988 1994

1000

1500

500

The volume of motor fuel consumed by

residential vehicles in 1994 would have

filled about 9 million tank trucks. If placed

end to end, that number of tank trucks would

stretch across the United States nearly

40 times.Dollars

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 xv
From 1988............................................................To 1994

82.4 billion gallons to 90.6 billion gallons,

$81.1 billion to $104.7 billion,

$98.9 billion versus $104.7 billion.

$0.984 versus $1.156,

$550 versus $668,

$998 versus $1,234,

led to higher nominal expenditures per vehicle,

and per household,

but, when adjusted for inflation,

expenditures changed little:

and corresponding fuel costs

to rise substantially, from

although the inflation-adjusted

total cost was

Higher nominal prices per gallon,

Together with the ongoing growth of the country,

these trends caused the higher national demand

for residential vehicle fuel to rise from

From 1988............................................................To 1994

147.5 million to 156.8 million,

10.2 thousand to 11.4 thousand,

18.3 mpg to 19.8 mpg,

559 gallons and 578 gallons.

1.8 vehicles and 1.8 vehicles.

The total number of residential

vehicles increased from

Average miles traveled per

vehicle jumped from

and fuel economy improved from

so that fuel use per vehicle

remained fairly constant at

while the number of vehicles

per vehicle-operating household

remained constant at

$1,218 $1,234. versus

Energy Information Adminstration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 xvi