1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey 

Detailed Tables 

Building Characteristics Tables 

Table B1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of 

Workers, and Hours of Operation.................................................................... 1

Table B2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of 

Workers, Hours of Operation, and Age of Building........................................ 6

Table B3. Census Region, Number of Buildings and Floorspace ............................ 11

Table B4. Census Region and Division, Number of Buildings................................ 14

Table B5. Census Region and Division, Floorspace................................................ 17

Table B6. Building Size, Number of Buildings........................................................ 20

Table B7. Building Size, Floorspace ........................................................................ 24

Table B8. Year Constructed, Number of Buildings.................................................. 28

Table B9. Year Constructed, Floorspace .................................................................. 32

Table B10. Employment Size Category, Number of Buildings................................ 36

Table B11. Employment Size Category, Floorspace ................................................ 40

Table B12. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned 

Buildings, Number of Buildings...................................................................... 44

Table B13. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned 

Buildings, Floorspace ...................................................................................... 49

Table B14. Number of Establishments in Building, Number of Buildings.............. 54

Table B15. Number of Establishments in Building, Floorspace .............................. 57

Table B16. Multibuilding Facilities, Number of Buildings and Floorspace............. 60

Table B17. Energy Sources, Number of Buildings................................................... 62

Table B18. Energy Sources, Floorspace ................................................................... 64

Table B19. Energy End Uses, Number of Buildings and Floorspace....................... 66

Table B20. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings.......................... 68

Table B21. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace .......................................... 71

Table B22. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings............ 74

Table B23. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace............................. 76

Table B24. Cooling Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace ........... 78

Table B25. Water-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings.......................... 81

Table B26. Water-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace .......................................... 83

Energy Information Administration 

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Detailed Tables Contents i
Table B27. Cooking Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace .......... 85

Table B28. Percent of Floorspace Heated, Number of Buildings and Floorspace ... 87

Table B29. Percent of Floorspace Cooled, Number of Buildings and Floorspace ... 90

Table B30. Percent of Floorspace Lit When Open, Number of Buildings and 

Floorspace........................................................................................................ 93

Table B31. Heated, Cooled, and Lit Buildings, Floorspace ..................................... 96

Table B32. Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings............................................. 100

Table B33. Heating Equipment, Floorspace ............................................................. 104

Table B34. Cooling Equipment, Number of Buildings............................................ 108

Table B35. Cooling Equipment, Floorspace............................................................. 111

Table B36. Refrigeration Equipment, Number of Buildings and Floorspace........... 114

Table B37. Water Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings and Floorspace ........ 116

Table B38. Lighting Equipment, Number of Buildings ........................................... 118

Table B39. Lighting Equipment, Floorspace............................................................ 121

Energy Information Administration 

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Detailed Tables Contents ii
All Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Worker

Mean Hours 

per Week

All Buildings .............................................. 4,657 67,338 81,852 14.5 823 60

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 6,774 11,125 2.9 609 57

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 8,238 10,968 7.4 751 53

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 11,153 11,378 15.7 980 65

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 9,311 9,243 36.2 1,007 78

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 10,112 12,777 69.9 791 80

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 8,271 8,856 139.4 934 90

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 6,851 8,798 296.3 779 101

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 6,628 8,707 929.0 761 110

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 8,651 8,927 26.4 969 50

Food Sales .................................................. 174 994 980 5.7 1,014 118

Food Service ............................................... 349 1,851 4,031 5.3 459 84

Health Care ................................................. 127 2,918 6,219 22.9 469 66

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 1,865 3,350 168.2 557 165

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 1,053 2,869 9.1 367 56

Lodging ........................................................ 153 4,521 2,356 29.5 1,919 150

Mercantile .................................................... 667 10,398 11,384 15.6 913 65

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 4,766 4,668 8.9 1,021 62

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 5,631 6,716 42.2 838 77

Office ........................................................... 739 12,044 28,969 16.3 416 53

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 4,393 3,147 14.4 1,396 54

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 1,168 1,702 16.2 686 95

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 3,405 1,654 11.1 2,059 29

Service ........................................................ 478 3,388 4,554 7.1 744 63

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 10,477 6,216 17.4 1,685 49

Other ............................................................ 102 1,222 1,453 12.0 841 49

Vacant ......................................................... 253 1,908 261 7.6 Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 4,034 3,911 9.6 1,031 46

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 6,445 5,925 12.9 1,088 52

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 9,127 9,832 12.0 928 52

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 10,866 12,886 16.3 843 63

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 11,840 15,842 15.3 747 64

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 13,931 19,828 16.5 703 69

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 11,094 13,628 16.1 814 64

Floors

One .............................................................. 2,879 26,800 29,908 9.3 896 58

Two .............................................................. 1,168 16,985 18,749 14.5 906 61

Three ........................................................... 420 8,928 9,545 21.3 935 60

Four to Nine ................................................. 178 10,180 15,069 57.2 676 85

Ten or More ................................................. 11 4,445 8,582 386.9 518 97

Census Region and Division

Northeast ..................................................... 686 12,360 14,407 18.0 858 66

 New England ............................................. 208 3,735 3,889 18.0 960 59

 Middle Atlantic ........................................... 479 8,625 10,518 18.0 820 69

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 16,761 18,279 14.1 917 56

 East North Central ..................................... 782 11,205 11,668 14.3 960 56

 West North Central .................................... 406 5,556 6,611 13.7 840 56

South ........................................................... 1,762 23,485 29,186 13.3 805 58

 South Atlantic ............................................ 748 11,001 14,051 14.7 783 57

 East South Central .................................... 396 5,220 5,908 13.2 884 65

 West South Central ................................... 618 7,264 9,226 11.8 787 56

West ............................................................ 1,021 14,731 19,981 14.4 737 62

 Mountain .................................................... 315 4,579 5,201 14.5 880 54

 Pacific ........................................................ 705 10,152 14,780 14.4 687 66

Table B1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of 

Workers, and Hours of Operation, 1999

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 1
All Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Worker

Mean Hours 

per Week

Table B1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of 

Workers, and Hours of Operation, 1999

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7000 HDD ................................. 525 5,890 5,857 11.2 1,006 62

 5500-7000 HDD ........................................ 986 17,083 18,323 17.3 932 60

 4000-5499 HDD ........................................ 1,085 16,243 22,136 15.0 734 60

 Fewer than 4000 HDD ............................... 1,134 16,333 21,145 14.4 772 60

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4000 HDD ............................... 926 11,788 14,393 12.7 819 57

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 14,321 4,240 6.0 3,377 52

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 6,325 5,313 7.8 1,190 60

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 8,028 8,588 11.8 935 65

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 10,814 14,098 22.2 767 74

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 8,898 11,427 51.1 779 81

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 8,356 12,617 92.4 662 80

250 or More ................................................. 39 10,595 25,569 270.0 414 96

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 6,596 3,517 6.7 1,876 11

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 13,105 15,619 11.3 839 43

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 14,200 20,714 14.4 686 55

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 12,458 16,147 18.7 772 74

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 9,116 10,796 19.2 844 104

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 11,863 15,060 29.8 788 168

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 4,135 54,994 67,787 13.3 811 60

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 2,801 37,785 46,555 13.5 812 63

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 1,099 15,596 21,233 14.2 735 66

 Unoccupied ............................................... 236 1,613 0 6.8 0 0

Government Owned .................................... 521 12,343 14,065 23.7 878 57

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 140 953 0 6.8 0 0

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 113 956 261 8.5 Q Q

Partially Vacant ............................................ 697 15,520 20,518 22.3 756 53

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 3,707 49,910 61,073 13.5 817 65

Number of Establishments

One .............................................................. 3,528 43,343 48,677 12.3 890 63

2 to 5 ............................................................ 688 10,582 12,379 15.4 855 61

6 to 10 .......................................................... 114 3,574 6,580 31.4 543 73

11 to 20 ........................................................ 48 3,260 5,965 68.0 547 76

More than 20 ............................................... 27 4,811 8,251 175.2 583 77

Currently Unoccupied .................................. 251 1,769 0 7.0 0 0

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 65,716 81,768 15.0 804 62

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 45,525 56,264 17.1 809 65

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 13,285 19,583 30.6 678 68

District Heat ................................................. 117 5,891 8,654 50.2 681 83

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 2,750 4,637 55.4 593 81

Propane ....................................................... 451 6,290 6,349 14.0 991 59

Wood ........................................................... 79 570 578 7.2 986 69

Coal ............................................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q

Solar ............................................................ Q Q Q Q Q Q

Other ............................................................ 69 1,563 2,578 22.7 606 56

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 2
All Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Worker

Mean Hours 

per Week

Table B1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of 

Workers, and Hours of Operation, 1999

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 1,880 32,291 43,236 17.2 747 65

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,380 37,902 45,992 15.9 824 63

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 377 5,611 6,542 14.9 858 61

District Heat ................................................. 96 5,534 8,116 57.7 682 79

Propane ....................................................... 307 2,728 2,428 8.9 1,123 51

Wood ........................................................... 66 377 338 5.7 1,115 70

Coal ............................................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q

Solar ............................................................ Q Q Q Q Q Q

Other ............................................................ 26 409 760 15.8 538 50

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity ..................................................... 1,128 17,627 25,423 15.6 693 70

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,189 32,729 39,164 15.0 836 62

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 302 3,719 4,247 12.3 875 60

District Heat ................................................. 77 5,077 7,008 66.0 724 85

Propane ....................................................... 282 2,107 1,907 7.5 1,105 49

Wood ........................................................... Q Q Q Q Q Q

Coal ............................................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q

Solar............................................................. N N N N N N

Other ............................................................ Q Q Q Q Q Q

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 3,450 55,545 72,764 16.1 763 65

Natural Gas ................................................. 142 1,914 2,846 13.5 672 75

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 2,750 4,637 55.4 593 81

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 1,546 24,171 33,505 15.6 721 62

Natural Gas ................................................. 1,520 29,196 35,930 19.2 813 72

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 110 2,218 2,905 20.2 763 75

District Heat ................................................. 62 4,182 5,870 67.5 712 102

Propane ....................................................... 130 1,371 1,465 10.5 936 77

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 437 13,733 18,369 31.4 748 89

Natural Gas ................................................. 505 16,785 21,352 33.2 786 81

Propane ....................................................... 118 1,754 2,187 14.9 802 72

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 61,602 78,082 15.3 789 63

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 58,474 77,367 16.4 756 66

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 56,115 73,385 17.3 765 68

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 24,681 31,603 28.8 781 81

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 3,126 4,351 20.7 718 56

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 11,882 18,904 69.3 629 93

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 641 5,736 3,770 8.9 1,521 38

1 to 50 .......................................................... 576 7,593 5,239 13.2 1,449 57

51 to 99 ........................................................ 627 10,745 13,056 17.1 823 71

100 ............................................................... 2,813 43,264 59,787 15.4 724 63

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 3
All Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Worker

Mean Hours 

per Week

Table B1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of 

Workers, and Hours of Operation, 1999

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 1,097 8,864 4,485 8.1 1,976 41

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,012 16,846 14,146 16.6 1,191 61

51 to 99 ........................................................ 751 16,966 23,833 22.6 712 73

100 ............................................................... 1,796 24,662 39,388 13.7 626 65

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 34 173 Q 5.1 3,151 92

1 to 50 .......................................................... 835 9,187 4,917 11.0 1,868 58

51 to 99 ........................................................ 1,228 20,665 28,668 16.8 721 67

100 ............................................................... 2,096 34,233 47,951 16.3 714 67

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 464 3,080 261 6.6 11,787 10

Percent Lit When Closed

Zero ............................................................. 2,174 20,771 21,669 9.6 959 43

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,688 30,950 41,943 18.3 738 61

51 to 100 ...................................................... 143 2,160 3,096 15.1 698 73

Building Never Closed/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 652 13,457 15,143 20.7 889 108

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 492 8,923 12,616 18.1 707 63

Furnaces ...................................................... 1,460 14,449 15,845 9.9 912 54

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 894 17,349 19,140 19.4 906 61

District Heat ................................................. 96 5,534 8,116 57.7 682 79

Boilers ......................................................... 581 19,522 24,374 33.6 801 72

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 1,347 25,743 32,224 19.1 799 70

Other ............................................................ 185 4,073 7,008 22.1 581 75

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 676 8,329 10,136 12.3 822 59

Heat Pumps ................................................. 485 9,147 13,463 18.8 679 64

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 799 14,276 16,652 17.9 857 66

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 2,750 4,637 55.4 593 81

Central Chillers ............................................ 130 12,909 21,586 99.7 598 84

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 1,953 36,527 48,283 18.7 757 68

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 136 2,219 2,425 16.3 915 63

Other ............................................................ 49 1,312 1,838 26.7 714 61

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 984 13,220 16,913 13.4 782 64

Cooling ........................................................ 1,085 17,390 23,164 16.0 751 67

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 2,193 38,156 49,616 17.4 769 67

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 3,778 60,344 77,862 16.0 775 65

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 607 20,666 30,075 34.1 687 76

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 430 19,223 21,658 44.8 888 73

Halogen ....................................................... 572 17,926 25,668 31.3 698 73

Other ............................................................ 58 1,004 1,393 17.5 720 73

Water Heating Equipment

Centralized System ..................................... 2,472 35,579 45,136 14.4 788 68

Distributed System ...................................... 566 10,899 14,348 19.3 760 64

Combination of Centralized

 and Distributed System .............................. 200 9,637 13,902 48.1 693 84

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 4
All Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Worker

Mean Hours 

per Week

Table B1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of 

Workers, and Hours of Operation, 1999

Personal Computers

None ............................................................ 1,617 9,583 4,785 5.9 2,003 48

1 to 4 ............................................................ 1,636 13,853 12,711 8.5 1,090 65

5 to 9 ............................................................ 542 6,528 7,485 12.0 872 62

10 to 19 ........................................................ 403 7,514 9,200 18.7 817 64

20 to 49 ........................................................ 247 8,087 9,668 32.7 836 76

50 to 99 ........................................................ 105 5,867 7,268 55.9 807 68

100 to 249 .................................................... 71 6,818 9,574 96.0 712 77

250 or More ................................................. 36 9,088 21,162 252.4 429 89

Photocopiers

None ............................................................ 2,825 21,631 18,897 7.7 1,145 57

One .............................................................. 1,114 12,928 12,963 11.6 997 62

2 to 4 ............................................................ 540 15,620 16,785 28.9 931 68

5 to 9 ............................................................ 102 5,384 8,217 52.6 655 68

10 or More ................................................... 75 11,774 24,991 156.7 471 79

Other Electronic Equipment

(more than one may apply)

Laser Printers .............................................. 1,949 46,567 66,979 23.9 695 66

FAX Machines ............................................. 2,807 54,764 74,706 19.5 733 68

Medical Diagnostic Equipment .................... 86 2,493 5,625 29.1 443 61

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .................... 767 23,328 30,350 30.4 769 82

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................................ 698 21,793 25,850 31.2 843 91

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 2,130 38,193 49,935 17.9 765 64

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 1,283 29,915 43,137 23.3 694 65

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 550 19,387 30,546 35.3 635 75

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 567 21,256 32,923 37.5 646 77

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 2,786 53,395 71,290 19.2 749 68

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 460 21,613 31,767 47.0 680 76

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 843 19,994 28,787 23.7 695 72

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 2,167 42,035 55,879 19.4 752 68

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 580 18,286 21,158 31.5 864 62

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 2,862 39,969 50,855 14.0 786 52

Cooling ........................................................ 2,622 39,161 52,130 14.9 751 55

Lighting ........................................................ 3,675 51,083 65,064 13.9 785 54

Office Equipment ......................................... 184 9,063 12,473 49.2 727 56

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy 

Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 5
All Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Building 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Worker

Median Hours 

per Week

Median Age of

Buildings 

(years)

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 67,338 81,852 5.0 909 50 30.5

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 6,774 11,125 2.5 667 50 30.5

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 8,238 10,968 7.0 1,000 50 34.5

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 11,153 11,378 15.0 1,354 55 28.5

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 9,311 9,243 35.0 1,500 60 29.5

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 10,112 12,777 65.0 1,214 60 24.5

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 8,271 8,856 130.0 1,400 75 22.5

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 6,851 8,798 275.0 1,500 80 27.5

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 6,628 8,707 800.0 1,286 90 24.5

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 8,651 8,927 8.0 1,000 45 35.5

Food Sales .................................................. 174 994 980 2.5 833 112 19.5

Food Service ............................................... 349 1,851 4,031 3.8 500 80 27.5

Health Care ................................................. 127 2,918 6,219 5.0 501 50 23.5

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 1,865 3,350 65.0 563 168 36.5

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 1,053 2,869 4.5 501 45 22.5

Lodging ........................................................ 153 4,521 2,356 10.0 2,031 168 28.5

Mercantile .................................................... 667 10,398 11,384 6.0 1,125 54 36.5

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 4,766 4,668 4.0 1,250 53 40.5

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 5,631 6,716 13.8 650 73 24.5

Office ........................................................... 739 12,044 28,969 4.5 500 45 24.5

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 4,393 3,147 6.5 2,500 50 32.5

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 1,168 1,702 10.0 425 20 24.5

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 3,405 1,654 8.0 3,000 20 38.5

Service ........................................................ 478 3,388 4,554 4.3 1,111 50 31.5

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 10,477 6,216 6.0 1,417 48 24.5

Other ............................................................ 102 1,222 1,453 5.0 769 48 30.5

Vacant ......................................................... 253 1,908 261 4.5 1,583 70 49.5

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 4,034 3,911 4.5 1,250 48 99.5

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 6,445 5,925 4.8 1,161 50 67.5

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 9,127 9,832 5.5 944 48 46.5

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 10,866 12,886 5.0 758 55 35.5

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 11,840 15,842 5.0 875 51 24.5

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 13,931 19,828 5.5 833 50 14.5

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 11,094 13,628 4.8 708 50 6.5

Floors

One .............................................................. 2,879 26,800 29,908 4.0 833 50 25.5

Two .............................................................. 1,168 16,985 18,749 6.0 1,000 54 35.5

Three ........................................................... 420 8,928 9,545 9.5 1,250 53 59.5

Four to Nine ................................................. 178 10,180 15,069 17.5 1,000 60 63.5

Ten or More ................................................. 11 4,445 8,582 225.0 563 70 30.5

Census Region and Division

Northeast ..................................................... 686 12,360 14,407 6.0 813 54 39.5

 New England ............................................. 208 3,735 3,889 5.5 750 54 35.5

 Middle Atlantic ........................................... 479 8,625 10,518 6.5 833 53 40.5

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 16,761 18,279 5.0 1,125 50 37.5

 East North Central ..................................... 782 11,205 11,668 5.5 1,125 50 43.5

 West North Central .................................... 406 5,556 6,611 4.5 1,125 49 29.5

South ........................................................... 1,762 23,485 29,186 5.0 875 50 24.5

 South Atlantic ............................................ 748 11,001 14,051 5.5 700 50 24.5

 East South Central .................................... 396 5,220 5,908 6.5 813 55 24.5

 West South Central ................................... 618 7,264 9,226 4.0 1,167 50 23.5

West ............................................................ 1,021 14,731 19,981 5.0 750 50 29.5

 Mountain .................................................... 315 4,579 5,201 5.0 950 50 33.5

 Pacific ........................................................ 705 10,152 14,780 5.0 735 50 29.5

Table B2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

Hours of Operation, and Age of Building, 1999

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 6
All Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Building 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Worker

Median Hours 

per Week

Median Age of

Buildings 

(years)

Table B2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

Hours of Operation, and Age of Building, 1999

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................................ 525 5,890 5,857 4.3 900 50 34.5

 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................................... 986 17,083 18,323 5.5 1,000 50 39.5

 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................................... 1,085 16,243 22,136 5.5 944 50 32.5

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 1,134 16,333 21,145 5.0 750 50 27.5

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 926 11,788 14,393 5.0 1,125 50 27.5

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 14,321 4,240 3.5 1,625 49 35.5

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 6,325 5,313 4.5 667 50 28.5

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 8,028 8,588 6.5 550 51 27.5

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 10,814 14,098 12.5 469 58 24.5

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 8,898 11,427 35.0 542 65 25.5

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 8,356 12,617 65.0 433 56 26.5

250 or More ................................................. 39 10,595 25,569 150.0 333 72 21.5

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 6,596 3,517 4.0 1,500 38 38.5

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 13,105 15,619 5.5 875 45 34.5

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 14,200 20,714 5.5 800 50 29.5

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 12,458 16,147 6.0 833 65 30.5

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 9,116 10,796 5.0 792 98 21.5

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 11,863 15,060 6.0 1,023 168 27.5

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 4,135 54,994 67,787 5.0 917 50 30.5

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 2,801 37,785 46,555 5.0 938 50 29.5

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 1,099 15,596 21,233 5.0 889 50 30.5

 Unoccupied ............................................... 236 1,613 0 3.8 0 70 35.5

Government Owned .................................... 521 12,343 14,065 6.5 750 45 31.5

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 140 953 0 4.0 0 76 47.5

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 113 956 261 4.8 1,583 40 54.5

Partially Vacant ............................................ 697 15,520 20,518 6.0 1,053 50 25.5

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 3,707 49,910 61,073 5.0 857 50 29.5

Number of Establishments

One .............................................................. 3,528 43,343 48,677 5.0 1,000 50 30.5

2 to 5 ............................................................ 688 10,582 12,379 6.5 694 50 28.5

6 to 10 .......................................................... 114 3,574 6,580 15.0 600 64 19.5

11 to 20 ........................................................ 48 3,260 5,965 35.0 476 60 21.5

More than 20 ............................................... 27 4,811 8,251 60.0 650 60 29.5

Currently Unoccupied .................................. 251 1,769 0 3.8 0 67 39.5

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 65,716 81,768 5.0 889 50 29.5

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 45,525 56,264 6.0 917 50 34.5

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 13,285 19,583 5.0 926 52 39.5

District Heat ................................................. 117 5,891 8,654 15.0 1,375 80 35.5

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 2,750 4,637 18.7 1,375 84 27.5

Propane ....................................................... 451 6,290 6,349 6.0 1,000 55 26.5

Wood ........................................................... 79 570 578 4.5 1,500 60 29.5

Coal ............................................................. Q Q Q 4.5 2,250 45 35.5

Solar ............................................................ Q Q Q 6.0 385 53 23.5

Other ............................................................ 69 1,563 2,578 5.0 1,250 50 24.5

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 7
All Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Building 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Worker

Median Hours 

per Week

Median Age of

Buildings 

(years)

Table B2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

Hours of Operation, and Age of Building, 1999

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 1,880 32,291 43,236 5.0 750 50 25.5

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,380 37,902 45,992 6.0 917 50 34.5

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 377 5,611 6,542 4.3 944 50 43.5

District Heat ................................................. 96 5,534 8,116 18.7 1,500 70 40.5

Propane ....................................................... 307 2,728 2,428 5.0 1,333 49 21.5

Wood ........................................................... 66 377 338 3.8 1,500 60 28.5

Coal ............................................................. Q Q Q 4.5 2,250 45 35.5

Solar ............................................................ Q Q Q 42.5 390 45 31.5

Other ............................................................ 26 409 760 5.0 1,146 44 24.5

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity ..................................................... 1,128 17,627 25,423 5.0 677 50 21.5

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,189 32,729 39,164 5.5 921 50 35.5

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 302 3,719 4,247 4.8 944 50 43.5

District Heat ................................................. 77 5,077 7,008 25.0 1,900 90 42.5

Propane ....................................................... 282 2,107 1,907 5.0 1,250 48 20.5

Wood ........................................................... Q Q Q 2.8 1,500 40 19.5

Coal ............................................................. Q Q Q 37.5 938 40 40.5

Solar ............................................................ N N NNNNN

Other ............................................................ Q Q Q 12.5 1,250 44 24.5

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 3,450 55,545 72,764 5.5 833 50 28.5

Natural Gas ................................................. 142 1,914 2,846 8.0 769 60 25.5

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 2,750 4,637 18.7 1,375 84 27.5

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 1,546 24,171 33,505 5.0 735 50 24.5

Natural Gas ................................................. 1,520 29,196 35,930 7.0 938 60 32.5

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 110 2,218 2,905 4.8 531 75 43.5

District Heat ................................................. 62 4,182 5,870 25.0 1,452 98 33.5

Propane ....................................................... 130 1,371 1,465 6.0 700 86 23.5

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 437 13,733 18,369 6.5 833 84 24.5

Natural Gas ................................................. 505 16,785 21,352 7.0 750 70 31.5

Propane ....................................................... 118 1,754 2,187 3.8 583 86 24.5

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 61,602 78,082 5.0 857 50 29.5

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 58,474 77,367 5.5 833 50 28.5

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 56,115 73,385 6.0 813 54 29.5

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 24,681 31,603 6.5 803 75 28.5

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 3,126 4,351 8.0 1,111 45 29.5

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 11,882 18,904 17.5 694 60 26.5

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 641 5,736 3,770 4.8 1,500 60 31.5

1 to 50 .......................................................... 576 7,593 5,239 6.5 1,500 50 29.5

51 to 99 ........................................................ 627 10,745 13,056 7.0 1,023 53 30.5

100 ............................................................... 2,813 43,264 59,787 5.0 750 50 29.5

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 8
All Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Building 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Worker

Median Hours 

per Week

Median Age of

Buildings 

(years)

Table B2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

Hours of Operation, and Age of Building, 1999

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 1,097 8,864 4,485 4.0 1,500 48 39.5

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,012 16,846 14,146 7.5 1,143 50 36.5

51 to 99 ........................................................ 751 16,966 23,833 7.0 1,000 56 30.5

100 ............................................................... 1,796 24,662 39,388 4.5 650 50 23.5

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 34 173 Q 2.0 500 91 16.5

1 to 50 .......................................................... 835 9,187 4,917 6.0 1,833 48 40.5

51 to 99 ........................................................ 1,228 20,665 28,668 6.5 780 50 31.5

100 ............................................................... 2,096 34,233 47,951 4.8 750 50 24.5

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 464 3,080 261 4.0 1,250 50 39.5

Percent Lit When Closed

Zero ............................................................. 2,174 20,771 21,669 4.8 1,000 45 31.5

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,688 30,950 41,943 6.5 769 55 30.5

51 to 100 ...................................................... 143 2,160 3,096 4.5 833 68 23.5

Building Never Closed/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 652 13,457 15,143 5.0 1,063 168 30.5

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 492 8,923 12,616 5.0 625 50 21.5

Furnaces ...................................................... 1,460 14,449 15,845 5.0 1,000 48 36.5

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 894 17,349 19,140 6.0 1,196 50 32.5

District Heat ................................................. 96 5,534 8,116 18.7 1,500 70 40.5

Boilers ......................................................... 581 19,522 24,374 10.0 1,053 55 40.5

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 1,347 25,743 32,224 6.0 750 52 24.5

Other ............................................................ 185 4,073 7,008 4.5 1,000 52 28.5

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 676 8,329 10,136 5.5 1,125 50 28.5

Heat Pumps ................................................. 485 9,147 13,463 5.0 648 50 23.5

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 799 14,276 16,652 6.0 833 50 40.5

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 2,750 4,637 18.7 1,375 84 27.5

Central Chillers ............................................ 130 12,909 21,586 40.0 938 56 27.5

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 1,953 36,527 48,283 6.0 750 53 26.5

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 136 2,219 2,425 4.8 1,167 62 37.5

Other ............................................................ 49 1,312 1,838 7.0 1,250 55 21.5

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 984 13,220 16,913 5.5 800 50 33.5

Cooling ........................................................ 1,085 17,390 23,164 6.0 833 53 31.5

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 2,193 38,156 49,616 6.0 950 50 32.5

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 3,778 60,344 77,862 5.5 850 50 29.5

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 607 20,666 30,075 8.5 833 60 27.5

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 430 19,223 21,658 13.8 1,286 55 24.5

Halogen ....................................................... 572 17,926 25,668 8.0 813 56 27.5

Other ............................................................ 58 1,004 1,393 4.0 500 64 23.5

Water Heating Equipment

Centralized System ..................................... 2,472 35,579 45,136 5.5 857 54 30.5

Distributed System ...................................... 566 10,899 14,348 6.0 667 50 26.5

Combination of Centralized

 and Distributed System .............................. 200 9,637 13,902 15.0 833 62 24.5

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 9
All Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Building 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Worker

Median Hours 

per Week

Median Age of

Buildings 

(years)

Table B2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

Hours of Operation, and Age of Building, 1999

Personal Computers

None ............................................................ 1,617 9,583 4,785 3.8 1,500 50 35.5

1 to 4 ............................................................ 1,636 13,853 12,711 4.8 1,000 52 34.5

5 to 9 ............................................................ 542 6,528 7,485 5.0 571 50 23.5

10 to 19 ........................................................ 403 7,514 9,200 9.0 563 50 19.5

20 to 49 ........................................................ 247 8,087 9,668 16.2 600 50 28.5

50 to 99 ........................................................ 105 5,867 7,268 35.0 707 50 23.5

100 to 249 .................................................... 71 6,818 9,574 65.0 606 60 25.5

250 or More ................................................. 36 9,088 21,162 150.0 389 72 25.5

Photocopiers

None ............................................................ 2,825 21,631 18,897 4.0 1,143 50 34.5

One .............................................................. 1,114 12,928 12,963 6.0 818 50 28.5

2 to 4 ............................................................ 540 15,620 16,785 12.5 650 50 25.5

5 to 9 ............................................................ 102 5,384 8,217 23.7 432 52 15.5

10 or More ................................................... 75 11,774 24,991 75.0 429 60 21.5

Other Electronic Equipment

(more than one may apply)

Laser Printers .............................................. 1,949 46,567 66,979 7.5 667 50 27.5

FAX Machines ............................................. 2,807 54,764 74,706 6.0 750 50 27.5

Medical Diagnostic Equipment .................... 86 2,493 5,625 5.0 500 48 22.5

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .................... 767 23,328 30,350 6.5 750 77 28.5

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................................ 698 21,793 25,850 9.5 921 77 29.5

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 2,130 38,193 49,935 6.0 833 50 26.5

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 1,283 29,915 43,137 6.5 800 50 24.5

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 550 19,387 30,546 9.0 804 61 22.5

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 567 21,256 32,923 8.5 667 60 23.5

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 2,786 53,395 71,290 6.0 833 52 28.5

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 460 21,613 31,767 13.8 846 56 28.5

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 843 19,994 28,787 6.0 750 54 26.5

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 2,167 42,035 55,879 6.0 857 54 28.5

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 580 18,286 21,158 8.5 833 50 23.5

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 2,862 39,969 50,855 5.5 833 49 30.5

Cooling ........................................................ 2,622 39,161 52,130 5.5 792 50 29.5

Lighting ........................................................ 3,675 51,083 65,064 5.0 875 50 29.5

Office Equipment ......................................... 184 9,063 12,473 27.5 667 50 30.5

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 10
All 

Buildings

Northeast Midwest South West

All 

Buildings

Northeast Midwest South West

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 686 1,188 1,762 1,021 67,338 12,360 16,761 23,485 14,731

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 305 620 916 506 6,774 901 1,835 2,536 1,503

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 169 273 413 255 8,238 1,302 2,045 3,058 1,834

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 130 188 260 130 11,153 1,954 2,881 4,194 2,124

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 39 48 93 76 9,311 1,407 1,773 3,384 2,746

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 26 35 49 35 10,112 1,771 2,436 3,450 2,455

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 10 16 20 13 8,271 1,461 2,279 2,864 1,666

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 5 7 8 4 6,851 1,362 1,993 2,273 1,222

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 2 2 2 1 6,628 2,202 1,519 1,726 1,180

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 31 42 121 134 8,651 1,714 2,250 2,348 2,338

Food Sales .................................................. 174 Q Q 76 29 994 Q Q 392 208

Food Service ............................................... 349 Q 95 124 89 1,851 Q 558 676 396

Health Care ................................................. 127 14 33 59 21 2,918 448 750 1,085 635

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 Q 1 3 3 1,865 377 512 630 346

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 Q 32 56 18 1,053 Q 239 454 289

Lodging ........................................................ 153 13 27 54 59 4,521 484 940 1,595 1,501

Mercantile .................................................... 667 117 182 257 111 10,398 1,885 2,591 4,080 1,842

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 100 157 205 71 4,766 974 1,600 1,566 627

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 17 25 52 40 5,631 912 991 2,513 1,215

Office ........................................................... 739 102 172 315 150 12,044 2,389 2,820 4,162 2,672

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 43 88 126 48 4,393 882 1,142 1,511 859

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 31 13 17 Q 1,168 530 216 286 Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 38 74 101 93 3,405 440 923 1,146 896

Service ........................................................ 478 73 140 198 68 3,388 740 818 1,387 443

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 84 192 215 113 10,477 1,743 2,764 3,957 2,012

Other ............................................................ 102 Q Q 39 29 1,222 Q 283 305 338

Vacant ......................................................... 253 33 91 61 68 1,908 367 533 554 455

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 126 172 69 52 4,034 1,392 1,576 549 518

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 65 206 155 73 6,445 1,619 2,423 1,704 699

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 138 174 289 162 9,127 2,030 2,152 2,910 2,035

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 97 155 199 215 10,866 2,050 2,602 3,318 2,896

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 77 141 338 219 11,840 1,823 2,347 4,278 3,391

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 122 165 408 151 13,931 2,070 2,828 6,263 2,771

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 62 175 304 149 11,094 1,376 2,834 4,464 2,420

Floors

One .............................................................. 2,879 291 624 1,302 662 26,800 3,131 5,800 11,826 6,044

Two .............................................................. 1,168 230 331 346 262 16,985 2,944 4,405 5,687 3,948

Three ........................................................... 420 108 172 76 64 8,928 2,261 2,725 2,106 1,836

Four to Nine ................................................. 178 54 60 33 30 10,180 2,598 3,080 2,540 1,962

Ten or More ................................................. 11 3 2 4 2 4,445 1,426 752 1,327 940

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 271 668 970 468 14,321 1,906 4,033 5,579 2,802

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 163 224 220 199 6,325 1,372 1,689 1,730 1,533

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 114 136 273 160 8,028 1,472 1,930 2,935 1,690

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 87 95 204 101 10,814 1,574 2,575 4,174 2,492

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 30 32 51 61 8,898 1,814 1,876 2,876 2,332

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 16 24 32 19 8,356 1,702 2,228 2,856 1,570

250 or More ................................................. 39 5 9 12 12 10,595 2,519 2,430 3,335 2,312

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 115 286 380 196 6,596 900 1,851 2,532 1,313

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 156 280 486 235 13,105 1,879 2,989 5,265 2,972

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 135 250 346 255 14,200 2,792 3,577 4,617 3,214

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 130 184 207 143 12,458 2,482 3,088 4,198 2,689

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 65 102 211 96 9,116 1,813 2,531 2,978 1,794

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 86 86 132 95 11,863 2,494 2,725 3,896 2,748

Table B3. Census Region, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 11
All 

Buildings

Northeast Midwest South West

All 

Buildings

Northeast Midwest South West

Table B3. Census Region, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 4,135 607 1,105 1,585 839 54,994 9,542 13,896 19,745 11,810

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 2,801 455 747 1,083 516 37,785 7,143 9,990 13,228 7,424

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 1,099 142 256 431 270 15,596 2,286 3,427 5,881 4,001

 Unoccupied ............................................... 236 Q 102 71 53 1,613 Q 479 636 385

Government Owned .................................... 521 80 83 177 182 12,343 2,818 2,865 3,740 2,921

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 140 Q 57 Q 36 953 Q 298 Q 287

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 113 Q 34 Q Q 956 Q 235 Q Q

Partially Vacant ............................................ 697 78 189 266 165 15,520 2,693 4,031 5,548 3,248

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 3,707 576 908 1,436 787 49,910 9,301 12,197 17,383 11,029

Number of Establishments

One .............................................................. 3,528 531 860 1,392 745 43,343 7,665 11,299 14,723 9,655

2 to 5 ............................................................ 688 113 190 231 154 10,582 2,186 2,900 3,421 2,075

6 to 10 .......................................................... 114 15 22 41 36 3,574 494 571 1,440 1,068

11 to 20 ........................................................ 48 8 7 17 16 3,260 705 579 1,239 738

More than 20 ............................................... 27 4 4 9 Q 4,811 1,159 864 2,000 788

Currently Unoccupied .................................. 251 Q 103 72 60 1,769 Q 548 662 407

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 639 1,113 1,689 954 65,716 11,964 16,389 23,076 14,287

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 311 874 820 665 45,525 7,305 13,506 14,199 10,515

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 218 48 138 30 13,285 5,414 2,423 3,749 1,699

District Heat ................................................. 117 31 25 39 22 5,891 1,898 1,521 1,265 1,207

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 2 14 Q 13 2,750 326 746 939 739

Propane ....................................................... 451 112 109 167 62 6,290 1,706 1,405 2,389 790

Other ............................................................ 153 21 37 64 Q 2,322 580 606 579 557

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 601 1,049 1,503 863 61,602 11,667 15,916 20,598 13,421

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 473 861 1,506 720 58,474 10,311 14,371 21,549 12,243

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 515 776 1,179 769 56,115 10,577 13,702 19,014 12,822

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 141 221 315 181 24,681 5,245 6,042 8,569 4,825

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 22 18 87 24 3,126 568 818 1,035 706

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 46 39 64 22 11,882 3,108 2,782 4,062 1,930

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 641 86 138 259 158 5,736 693 846 2,887 1,310

1 to 50 .......................................................... 576 83 151 182 160 7,593 1,053 1,571 2,538 2,432

51 to 99 ........................................................ 627 82 175 254 117 10,745 1,688 2,323 4,335 2,399

100 ............................................................... 2,813 436 724 1,067 586 43,264 8,927 12,022 13,725 8,590

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 1,097 213 327 256 301 8,864 2,049 2,390 1,936 2,489

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,012 226 330 289 167 16,846 3,914 5,068 4,618 3,246

51 to 99 ........................................................ 751 80 207 320 144 16,966 3,196 4,741 5,801 3,229

100 ............................................................... 1,796 168 324 896 409 24,662 3,202 4,562 11,130 5,768

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 34 Q Q Q Q 173 Q Q Q Q

1 to 50 .......................................................... 835 123 273 275 164 9,187 1,620 2,486 3,013 2,068

51 to 99 ........................................................ 1,228 194 337 453 245 20,665 4,081 5,814 6,392 4,378

100 ............................................................... 2,096 291 422 862 522 34,233 6,077 7,668 12,817 7,671

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 464 67 154 154 89 3,080 555 780 1,162 582

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 12
All 

Buildings

Northeast Midwest South West

All 

Buildings

Northeast Midwest South West

Table B3. Census Region, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 492 24 28 338 102 8,923 1,193 1,015 4,580 2,135

Furnaces ...................................................... 1,460 222 632 369 237 14,449 2,257 5,767 3,949 2,476

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 894 119 205 370 200 17,349 3,555 4,667 5,471 3,657

District Heat ................................................. 96 31 22 27 17 5,534 1,876 1,514 1,022 1,121

Boilers ......................................................... 581 189 175 123 93 19,522 5,469 5,961 4,209 3,883

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 1,347 135 201 645 366 25,743 4,033 5,081 10,455 6,175

Other ............................................................ 185 22 52 62 49 4,073 769 1,113 1,391 800

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 676 72 285 258 62 8,329 950 2,951 3,272 1,156

Heat Pumps ................................................. 485 19 27 329 110 9,147 1,215 1,063 4,604 2,265

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 799 172 214 312 100 14,276 3,897 3,724 4,526 2,130

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 2 14 Q 13 2,750 326 746 939 739

Central Chillers ............................................ 130 17 25 57 31 12,909 2,782 3,149 4,328 2,651

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 1,953 265 403 841 443 36,527 6,641 8,198 13,915 7,773

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 136 Q Q Q 109 2,219 Q Q 339 1,624

Other ............................................................ 49 Q Q Q Q 1,312 Q 328 343 324

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 984 134 266 371 213 13,220 1,829 3,244 5,080 3,068

Cooling ........................................................ 1,085 151 231 495 208 17,390 3,080 3,808 7,088 3,414

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 2,130 342 698 694 395 38,193 7,564 11,546 11,981 7,103

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 1,283 127 264 509 383 29,915 4,525 6,364 11,246 7,780

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 550 93 129 194 133 19,387 3,643 4,858 6,121 4,765

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 567 118 130 135 184 21,256 4,634 5,688 5,858 5,075

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 2,786 498 675 1,000 613 53,395 10,640 13,025 17,981 11,749

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 460 81 107 138 135 21,613 4,211 5,296 7,108 4,998

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 843 148 155 317 224 19,994 4,874 4,296 6,400 4,424

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 2,167 370 482 802 514 42,035 8,480 10,287 13,745 9,523

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 580 89 130 203 158 18,286 3,697 4,491 6,116 3,982

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 13
New 

England

Middle 

Atlantic

East

North 

Central

West 

North 

Central

South 

Atlantic

East 

South 

Central

West 

South 

Central Mountain Pacific

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 208 479 782 406 748 396 618 315 705

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 99 206 390 230 368 189 360 155 351

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 41 128 200 72 194 80 139 80 175

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 38 92 122 66 105 87 69 39 91

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 14 25 32 17 43 25 25 25 52

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 10 16 22 13 24 9 16 12 23

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 3 7 11 5 11 4 6 4 8

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 1452412 Q3

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 Q 2 1 1 1Q 1 Q 1

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 8 23 23 18 52 22 48 21 113

Food Sales .................................................. 174 QQQQQQQ QQ

Food Service ............................................... 349 Q Q 78 Q 41 Q 61 Q 65

Health Care ................................................. 127 Q 11 25 Q 37 Q 21 4 16

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 Q Q 1 Q 1 Q 2 Q 2

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 Q Q Q Q 35 Q Q Q 15

Lodging ........................................................ 153 Q 10 15 12 22 20 12 19 41

Mercantile .................................................... 667 Q 92 127 55 107 55 95 34 77

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 Q 78 107 50 77 44 84 29 42

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 Q 14 19 5 29 Q 12 Q 35

Office ........................................................... 739 47 55 117 56 163 77 75 43 107

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 Q 33 50 39 52 36 38 Q 29

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 QQQQQQQ QQ

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 Q 29 43 32 23 Q 49 Q 62

Service ........................................................ 478 Q 53 68 72 72 37 89 18 49

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 31 53 122 70 114 50 50 37 76

Other ............................................................ 102 QQQQQQQ QQ

Vacant ......................................................... 253 Q Q 75 QQQQ QQ

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 35 91 140 32 31 Q 32 Q Q

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 28 37 147 59 58 45 51 35 38

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 24 114 123 51 123 65 102 52 110

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 33 64 97 57 85 38 76 66 149

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 38 39 95 46 117 65 156 45 173

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 34 88 73 92 152 120 136 61 90

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 Q 47 107 68 183 Q 65 36 113

Floors

One .............................................................. 2,879 83 208 384 240 525 259 517 208 455

Two .............................................................. 1,168 86 143 214 117 159 110 77 74 188

Three ........................................................... 420 23 85 141 31 36 Q 18 23 41

Four to Nine ................................................. 178 15 40 42 18 25 Q 4 11 19

Ten or More ................................................. 11 Q 3 1 Q 3 Q 1 Q 2

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 81 189 440 228 380 193 397 172 295

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 52 111 144 80 92 54 75 48 151

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 40 74 90 45 151 68 54 43 117

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 18 68 68 27 78 65 61 27 74

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 9 21 16 15 26 10 15 14 47

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 6 10 18 6 15 5 12 7 12

250 or More ................................................. 39 1454724 39

Table B4. Census Region and Division, Number of Buildings, 1999

Northeast Midwest South West

All

Buildings

Number of Buildings (thousand)

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 14
New 

England

Middle 

Atlantic

East

North 

Central

West 

North 

Central

South 

Atlantic

East 

South 

Central

West 

South 

Central Mountain Pacific

Table B4. Census Region and Division, Number of Buildings, 1999

Northeast Midwest South West

All

Buildings

Number of Buildings (thousand)

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 Q 72 193 93 161 85 135 90 106

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 45 111 168 112 203 108 174 85 150

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 52 82 167 83 164 55 128 54 202

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 35 95 123 61 95 44 69 22 121

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 13 52 80 22 76 60 75 35 61

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 20 66 51 35 49 45 38 30 65

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 4,135 181 426 752 353 671 360 554 284 555

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 2,801 123 331 522 225 478 241 363 153 363

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 1,099 56 87 169 87 151 112 168 92 178

 Unoccupied ............................................... 236 Q Q 61 QQQQ QQ

Government Owned .................................... 521 27 52 30 52 77 36 64 31 150

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 140 QQQQQQQ QQ

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 113 QQQQQQQ QQ

Partially Vacant ............................................ 697 32 46 124 65 119 54 93 40 125

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 3,707 165 411 583 325 599 336 501 233 555

Number of Establishments

One .............................................................. 3,528 169 362 570 291 563 328 501 213 532

2 to 5 ............................................................ 688 22 90 133 58 109 42 80 40 114

6 to 10 .......................................................... 114 Q 12 11 Q 19 Q 6 6 30

11 to 20 ........................................................ 48 4 3 3 4 10 Q 4 Q 13

More than 20 ............................................... 27 Q Q 3 Q 6 Q 3 Q 3

Currently Unoccupied .................................. 251 Q Q 61 QQQQ QQ

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 190 449 730 383 711 383 595 275 679

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 45 266 611 263 231 224 365 230 435

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 90 128 28 20 98 12 28 Q Q

District Heat ................................................. 117 2 29 11 Q Q Q 21 9 13

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 Q 2 2 Q 3 Q Q Q 7

Propane ....................................................... 451 62 51 63 46 87 Q 30 Q Q

Other ............................................................ 153 Q 20 23 QQQQ QQ

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 170 431 688 361 612 366 524 271 592

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 136 337 563 298 631 353 522 239 481

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 151 364 515 261 492 283 404 244 525

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 36 106 162 59 134 79 101 57 124

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 Q Q Q Q 30 Q 37 Q 19

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 8 38 27 13 44 6 14 11 11

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 641 Q 48 94 Q 136 29 94 44 114

1 to 50 .......................................................... 576 Q 65 116 35 56 56 70 40 121

51 to 99 ........................................................ 627 22 59 114 61 119 63 72 39 77

100 ............................................................... 2,813 130 307 459 266 437 247 383 193 393

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 1,097 71 142 219 108 117 43 96 77 224

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,012 65 161 221 109 126 70 93 55 112

51 to 99 ........................................................ 751 30 49 137 70 140 66 114 69 76

100 ............................................................... 1,796 41 126 205 119 364 217 315 116 293

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 15
New 

England

Middle 

Atlantic

East

North 

Central

West 

North 

Central

South 

Atlantic

East 

South 

Central

West 

South 

Central Mountain Pacific

Table B4. Census Region and Division, Number of Buildings, 1999

Northeast Midwest South West

All

Buildings

Number of Buildings (thousand)

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 34 Q Q Q N Q Q Q Q Q

1 to 50 .......................................................... 835 35 89 200 73 132 56 88 53 110

51 to 99 ........................................................ 1,228 51 143 201 136 180 75 198 93 152

100 ............................................................... 2,096 93 198 278 144 331 247 284 118 404

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 464 Q Q 101 53 90 Q 47 50 Q

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 492 6 18 10 18 190 104 44 15 86

Furnaces ...................................................... 1,460 66 156 429 203 115 105 149 116 121

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 894 33 86 130 75 132 109 129 81 119

District Heat ................................................. 96 2 29 8 Q 5 Q 20 5 12

Boilers ......................................................... 581 80 109 123 52 76 18 29 30 63

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 1,347 29 107 129 72 229 149 267 96 270

Other ............................................................ 185 Q 20 35 Q 17 Q 27 15 34

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 676 Q 63 174 111 79 63 116 29 32

Heat Pumps ................................................. 485 4 15 8 19 187 99 43 19 91

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 799 61 111 147 68 140 89 83 27 74

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 Q 2 2 Q 3 Q Q Q 7

Central Chillers ............................................ 130 5 12 15 10 34 5 18 13 18

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 1,953 76 189 284 119 318 200 323 142 301

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 136 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 73 36

Other ............................................................ 49 QQQQ 3QQ QQ

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 984 Q 98 192 74 164 62 146 54 159

Cooling ........................................................ 1,085 51 100 183 47 202 90 203 69 139

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 2,130 107 235 465 233 331 189 174 131 265

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 1,283 30 97 168 96 195 114 199 138 245

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 550 11 82 94 36 106 26 63 44 89

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 567 38 80 63 67 55 32 47 57 127

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 2,786 149 349 414 260 419 254 327 209 404

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 460 17 63 59 47 66 30 42 31 103

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 843 48 100 107 48 148 60 108 48 175

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 2,167 109 262 333 149 328 189 284 129 385

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 580 17 72 87 43 90 43 70 55 103

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 16
New 

England

Middle 

Atlantic

East

North 

Central

West

North 

Central

South 

Atlantic

East

South 

Central

West

South 

Central Mountain Pacific

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 3,735 8,625 11,205 5,556 11,001 5,220 7,264 4,579 10,152

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 287 614 1,186 648 1,006 514 1,015 493 1,009

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 287 1,015 1,480 566 1,430 644 983 612 1,222

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 569 1,384 1,855 1,026 1,707 1,343 1,145 632 1,492

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 506 902 1,181 592 1,597 875 912 865 1,881

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 709 1,062 1,544 892 1,679 654 1,116 817 1,638

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 506 956 1,549 730 1,621 508 735 552 1,114

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 176 1,187 1,434 560 1,261 342 670 Q 971

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 Q 1,507 976 543 698 Q 687 358 823

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 575 1,139 1,506 744 997 438 913 758 1,580

Food Sales .................................................. 994 Q Q Q Q Q Q 135 Q Q

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 Q Q 463 Q 302 Q 207 Q 292

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 Q 335 502 248 585 132 367 201 434

 Inpatient ..................................................... 1,865 Q 291 336 Q 312 Q 215 Q 233

 Outpatient .................................................. 1,053 Q Q Q Q 273 Q Q Q 201

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 Q 315 725 215 825 467 303 545 956

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 612 1,273 1,780 811 2,007 937 1,135 418 1,423

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 4,766 Q 725 1,158 442 625 430 512 169 458

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 5,631 Q 548 622 369 1,383 507 623 Q 966

Office ........................................................... 12,044 849 1,540 1,777 1,043 2,311 696 1,155 760 1,913

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 Q 574 635 507 539 431 541 373 486

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 Q 370 566 357 309 Q 487 Q 588

Service ........................................................ 3,388 Q 527 403 415 604 351 433 168 275

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 429 1,314 1,983 782 1,909 963 1,085 520 1,493

Other ............................................................ 1,222 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 Q Q 412 Q Q Q Q Q 198

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 458 933 1,215 360 346 Q 159 267 251

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 423 1,196 1,849 574 603 335 765 287 412

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 434 1,596 1,417 735 1,106 659 1,146 713 1,322

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 670 1,380 1,605 997 1,613 639 1,065 807 2,089

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 746 1,078 1,564 784 2,060 754 1,464 676 2,715

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 570 1,500 1,673 1,155 2,966 1,739 1,557 1,126 1,645

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 433 943 1,882 952 2,306 1,050 1,107 704 1,716

Floors

One .............................................................. 26,800 835 2,295 3,976 1,824 5,249 2,611 3,965 1,958 4,086

Two .............................................................. 16,985 1,018 1,926 2,658 1,748 2,485 1,639 1,564 1,167 2,781

Three ........................................................... 8,928 674 1,587 2,049 675 1,043 417 646 631 1,205

Four to Nine ................................................. 10,180 867 1,732 1,931 1,149 1,491 Q 636 659 1,302

Ten or More ................................................. 4,445 Q 1,085 591 Q 733 Q 452 Q 777

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 521 1,385 2,847 1,186 2,314 1,158 2,108 1,118 1,685

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 450 923 1,146 544 705 454 571 465 1,069

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 425 1,048 1,315 615 1,447 856 632 470 1,220

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 479 1,096 1,820 755 1,745 1,167 1,261 812 1,680

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 715 1,099 1,014 862 1,508 537 831 587 1,745

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 579 1,123 1,605 623 1,575 526 756 573 997

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 567 1,952 1,459 971 1,708 522 1,105 555 1,757

Table B5. Census Region and Division, Floorspace, 1999

Northeast Midwest South West

All

Buildings

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 17
New 

England

Middle 

Atlantic

East

North 

Central

West

North 

Central

South 

Atlantic

East

South 

Central

West

South 

Central Mountain Pacific

Table B5. Census Region and Division, Floorspace, 1999

Northeast Midwest South West

All

Buildings

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 249 651 1,305 546 1,053 594 884 689 625

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 527 1,352 1,680 1,309 1,943 1,370 1,952 1,242 1,730

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 1,085 1,707 2,455 1,122 2,549 681 1,387 788 2,426

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 846 1,637 2,149 939 2,201 743 1,254 496 2,193

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 464 1,349 1,848 683 1,267 951 759 574 1,220

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 565 1,930 1,768 957 1,987 882 1,027 790 1,958

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 54,994 2,976 6,567 9,640 4,257 9,162 4,486 6,097 3,443 8,367

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 37,785 2,129 5,014 6,933 3,057 6,072 3,019 4,136 2,064 5,360

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 15,596 810 1,476 2,373 1,054 2,716 1,389 1,776 1,124 2,877

 Unoccupied ............................................... 1,613 Q Q 334 Q Q Q Q Q Q

Government Owned .................................... 12,343 759 2,059 1,565 1,300 1,839 734 1,167 1,136 1,785

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 953 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 956 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

Partially Vacant ............................................ 15,520 1,003 1,689 2,890 1,141 2,656 992 1,900 1,022 2,226

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 49,910 2,619 6,682 7,903 4,294 8,124 4,172 5,086 3,301 7,728

Number of Establishments

One .............................................................. 43,343 2,225 5,440 7,546 3,753 6,407 3,558 4,758 3,066 6,588

2 to 5 ............................................................ 10,582 610 1,575 2,042 858 1,659 751 1,012 538 1,537

6 to 10 .......................................................... 3,574 Q 366 306 266 701 Q 353 262 806

11 to 20 ........................................................ 3,260 376 329 319 260 826 Q 252 Q 499

More than 20 ............................................... 4,811 Q 830 606 Q 1,026 Q 686 Q 587

Currently Unoccupied .................................. 1,769 Q Q 386 Q Q Q Q Q Q

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 3,615 8,349 10,940 5,449 10,817 5,149 7,110 4,292 9,995

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 1,590 5,714 9,383 4,123 5,517 3,508 5,174 3,183 7,332

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 2,254 3,160 1,299 1,123 2,457 546 747 379 1,321

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 180 1,718 799 722 504 Q 524 410 797

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 Q 252 282 464 359 Q 488 Q 494

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 858 848 752 653 1,455 694 239 Q 693

Other ............................................................ 2,322 Q 539 360 Q 268 Q Q Q 439

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 3,551 8,116 10,530 5,386 9,243 4,854 6,501 4,204 9,218

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 3,034 7,278 9,374 4,997 10,140 4,793 6,616 3,845 8,398

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 3,187 7,390 9,131 4,571 8,900 4,247 5,867 3,993 8,828

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 1,487 3,758 4,088 1,953 4,531 1,552 2,486 1,533 3,292

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 Q 392 493 Q 388 Q 340 Q 568

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 988 2,121 1,728 1,054 2,530 659 873 532 1,398

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 5,736 Q 510 675 Q 1,757 366 763 376 934

1 to 50 .......................................................... 7,593 Q 810 1,177 393 981 697 860 471 1,960

51 to 99 ........................................................ 10,745 446 1,242 1,665 657 2,030 1,123 1,182 465 1,935

100 ............................................................... 43,264 2,863 6,064 7,687 4,335 6,232 3,034 4,460 3,268 5,322

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 8,864 701 1,348 1,831 559 861 427 648 735 1,754

1 to 50 .......................................................... 16,846 1,105 2,808 3,490 1,578 2,070 1,136 1,412 871 2,375

51 to 99 ........................................................ 16,966 917 2,279 3,015 1,726 2,970 1,220 1,610 1,028 2,200

100 ............................................................... 24,662 1,012 2,190 2,869 1,693 5,099 2,438 3,593 1,945 3,823

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 18
New 

England

Middle 

Atlantic

East

North 

Central

West

North 

Central

South 

Atlantic

East

South 

Central

West

South 

Central Mountain Pacific

Table B5. Census Region and Division, Floorspace, 1999

Northeast Midwest South West

All

Buildings

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 173 Q Q Q N Q Q Q Q Q

1 to 50 .......................................................... 9,187 479 1,140 1,866 620 1,436 728 849 572 1,497

51 to 99 ........................................................ 20,665 1,259 2,822 3,830 1,983 2,973 1,248 2,171 1,373 3,005

100 ............................................................... 34,233 1,832 4,245 4,927 2,741 5,916 3,080 3,821 2,273 5,398

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 3,080 Q Q 569 212 624 Q 410 337 245

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 8,923 387 807 476 539 2,594 1,382 604 571 1,564

Furnaces ...................................................... 14,449 775 1,482 3,908 1,859 1,310 1,253 1,387 1,232 1,244

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 17,349 937 2,618 2,812 1,854 2,293 1,579 1,599 1,250 2,407

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 180 1,696 792 722 423 Q 486 Q 758

Boilers ......................................................... 19,522 2,170 3,299 4,010 1,951 2,243 771 1,195 1,329 2,554

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 25,743 1,086 2,946 3,302 1,778 4,695 2,401 3,359 1,592 4,583

Other ............................................................ 4,073 Q 595 825 289 578 Q 576 311 488

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 8,329 Q 790 1,766 1,186 1,281 898 1,093 646 510

Heat Pumps ................................................. 9,147 346 870 490 573 2,642 1,316 646 649 1,615

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 14,276 1,316 2,581 2,525 1,200 1,940 1,386 1,200 642 1,487

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 Q 252 282 464 359 Q 488 Q 494

Central Chillers ............................................ 12,909 719 2,063 2,013 1,136 2,269 591 1,468 753 1,897

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 36,527 1,796 4,844 5,463 2,735 6,575 3,147 4,193 2,206 5,568

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 2,219 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 986 638

Other ............................................................ 1,312 Q Q Q Q 154 Q Q Q Q

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 13,220 551 1,277 2,335 909 2,032 1,348 1,700 840 2,227

Cooling ........................................................ 17,390 972 2,108 2,891 917 3,237 1,576 2,276 1,009 2,405

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 38,193 2,534 5,029 7,421 4,125 5,989 2,820 3,171 2,478 4,624

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 29,915 1,347 3,178 4,234 2,130 5,279 2,330 3,637 2,337 5,443

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 19,387 988 2,655 3,333 1,524 3,163 998 1,960 1,401 3,364

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 21,256 1,419 3,215 3,305 2,384 3,025 1,015 1,818 1,586 3,489

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 53,395 3,266 7,374 8,461 4,564 8,699 4,107 5,176 3,772 7,977

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 21,613 1,404 2,806 3,591 1,705 3,694 1,036 2,378 1,564 3,434

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 19,994 1,624 3,251 2,978 1,318 3,386 1,117 1,897 1,232 3,192

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 42,035 2,398 6,082 6,991 3,297 6,646 2,835 4,265 2,650 6,873

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 18,286 1,221 2,476 3,006 1,485 2,860 1,359 1,897 1,326 2,656

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 19
1,001 to 

5,000 

Square 

Feet

5,001 to 

10,000 

Square 

Feet

10,001 to 

25,000 

Square 

Feet

25,001 to 

50,000 

Square 

Feet

50,001 to 

100,000 

Square 

Feet

100,001 to 

200,000 

Square 

Feet

200,001 to 

500,000 

Square 

Feet

Over 

500,000 

Square 

Feet

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 2,348 1,110 708 257 145 59 23 7

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 119 61 52 49 30 10 5 Q

Food Sales .................................................. 174 138 QQQQQNN

Food Service ............................................... 349 251 71 23 Q Q Q N N

Health Care ................................................. 127 64 Q 10 84221

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 N N Q Q Q 2 2 1

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 64 Q Q 7 QQQQ

Lodging ........................................................ 153 Q 38 27 32 11 4 3 Q

Mercantile .................................................... 667 316 146 141 28 20 13 2 1

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 308 103 100 11 6 5 Q Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 Q 43 41 17 14 8 1 1

Office ........................................................... 739 422 141 95 33 29 13 5 2

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 124 88 64 15 11 2 1 Q

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 Q Q 24 5 QQQQ

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 92 102 92 15 Q Q N Q

Service ........................................................ 478 291 131 41 11 QQQQ

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 266 157 97 46 22 11 4 1

Other ............................................................ 102 Q Q 14 QQQQQ

Vacant ......................................................... 253 153 73 17 7 QQQQ

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 227 107 63 13 7 Q Q Q

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 270 102 90 20 9521

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 359 240 97 39 19 5 3 1

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 321 166 84 53 24 12 4 1

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 367 193 130 44 26 8 4 2

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 413 156 179 43 33 15 4 2

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 390 145 65 44 27 12 4 1

Floors

One .............................................................. 2,879 1,751 633 311 109 48 22 5 1

Two .............................................................. 1,168 475 317 238 81 40 12 4 1

Three ........................................................... 420 101 121 119 41 26 8 3 Q

Four to Nine ................................................. 178 Q 39 40 26 28 15 7 2

Ten or More ................................................. 11 N N Q Q Q 3 4 3

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 305 169 130 39 26 10 5 2

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 620 273 188 48 35 16 7 2

South ........................................................... 1,762 916 413 260 93 49 20 8 2

West ............................................................ 1,021 506 255 130 76 35 13 4 1

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 1,567 511 250 37 7 2 Q Q

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 482 180 105 32 6 3 Q N

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 226 249 146 47 12 Q Q Q

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 66 144 157 75 36 7 2 Q

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 Q Q 46 46 45 15 2 Q

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 Q Q Q 18 29 18 7 1

250 or More ................................................. 39 N N Q Q 10 12 10 5

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 605 244 105 17 4 Q Q Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 557 342 153 58 36 8 2 Q

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 471 225 177 63 34 11 4 1

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 292 163 121 45 26 12 4 2

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 240 76 91 27 21 13 4 1

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 183 60 62 47 24 12 7 3

Table B6. Building Size, Number of Buildings, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand)

Building Size

All 

Buildings 

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 20
1,001 to 

5,000 

Square 

Feet

5,001 to 

10,000 

Square 

Feet

10,001 to 

25,000 

Square 

Feet

25,001 to 

50,000 

Square 

Feet

50,001 to 

100,000 

Square 

Feet

100,001 to 

200,000 

Square 

Feet

200,001 to 

500,000 

Square 

Feet

Over 

500,000 

Square 

Feet

Table B6. Building Size, Number of Buildings, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand)

Building Size

All 

Buildings 

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 4,135 2,131 1,006 618 202 109 47 18 5

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 2,801 1,433 693 431 129 69 29 13 5

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 1,099 548 250 172 68 39 17 4 1

 Unoccupied ............................................... 236 151 Q 15 QQQQQ

Government Owned .................................... 521 216 104 91 55 36 13 5 2

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 140 Q Q 8 QQQQN

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 113 QQQQQQQQ

Partially Vacant ............................................ 697 282 200 107 51 33 15 6 3

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 3,707 1,913 837 584 198 110 44 17 4

Number of Establishments

One .............................................................. 3,528 1,897 802 506 184 88 34 14 3

2 to 5 ............................................................ 688 272 222 121 33 26 10 3 1

6 to 10 .......................................................... 114 Q 17 51 15 12 4 2 Q

11 to 20 ........................................................ 48 Q Q 12 15 12 6 2 Q

More than 20 ............................................... 27 QQQQ 6523

Currently Unoccupied .................................. 251 164 Q 17 QQQQQ

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 2,186 1,036 688 253 143 59 23 7

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 1,193 684 448 176 103 42 18 5

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 220 74 65 28 22 13 9 4

District Heat ................................................. 117 Q Q 24 19 13 7 3 2

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 Q Q Q 77521

Propane ....................................................... 451 215 124 74 17 13 6 2 1

Other ............................................................ 153 93 Q 19 7 5 Q Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 1,982 946 629 237 137 57 22 7

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 1,680 828 611 223 134 55 21 7

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 1,456 778 574 222 127 54 21 7

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 357 176 150 72 54 29 14 5

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 Q 36 28 11 9 3 1 Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 Q Q 24 22 26 13 9 4

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 641 366 164 79 20 8 3 1 Q

1 to 50 .......................................................... 576 230 194 102 29 12 5 2 1

51 to 99 ........................................................ 627 272 149 128 45 20 7 4 2

100 ............................................................... 2,813 1,479 603 399 162 105 45 16 5

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 1,097 668 282 98 34 10 4 2 Q

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,012 352 292 242 69 37 13 7 1

51 to 99 ........................................................ 751 294 188 146 58 37 16 8 3

100 ............................................................... 1,796 1,034 348 222 96 60 27 7 2

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 34 QQQQNQNN

1 to 50 .......................................................... 835 351 279 147 40 13 4 2 0

51 to 99 ........................................................ 1,228 517 351 198 84 52 16 8 3

100 ............................................................... 2,096 1,156 367 316 124 77 39 13 4

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 464 294 113 45 8 QQQQ

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 21
1,001 to 

5,000 

Square 

Feet

5,001 to 

10,000 

Square 

Feet

10,001 to 

25,000 

Square 

Feet

25,001 to 

50,000 

Square 

Feet

50,001 to 

100,000 

Square 

Feet

100,001 to 

200,000 

Square 

Feet

200,001 to 

500,000 

Square 

Feet

Over 

500,000 

Square 

Feet

Table B6. Building Size, Number of Buildings, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand)

Building Size

All 

Buildings 

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 492 240 100 81 37 20 8 3 1

Furnaces ...................................................... 1,460 783 387 206 47 25 9 3 1

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 894 397 183 191 62 35 18 6 3

District Heat ................................................. 96 Q Q 19 17 13 7 3 2

Boilers ......................................................... 581 146 144 128 72 52 24 11 3

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 1,347 589 302 253 101 62 27 10 3

Other ............................................................ 185 98 Q 22 14 8321

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 676 319 211 96 24 17 7 2 1

Heat Pumps ................... 485 240 95 80 35 22 9 4 1

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 799 356 184 149 60 29 13 7 1

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 Q Q Q 77521

Central Chillers ............................................ 130 Q Q 17 25 28 16 9 4

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 1,953 857 423 387 141 89 37 14 4

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 136 79 25 13 9 7 2 Q Q

Other ............................................................ 49 Q Q Q 4 QQQQ

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 984 469 250 160 61 32 9 4 1

Cooling ........................................................ 1,085 490 239 224 73 38 13 7 2

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 2,193 980 548 391 138 83 33 14 5

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 3,778 1,795 904 628 230 136 56 22 7

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 607 198 149 109 62 48 24 12 4

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 430 80 94 111 60 43 25 11 5

Halogen ....................................................... 572 194 136 123 43 41 23 9 4

Other ............................................................ 58 QQQQQQQQ

Personal Computers

None ............................................................ 1,617 1,056 413 117 23 5 2 1 Q

1 to 4 ............................................................ 1,636 875 394 288 59 14 6 Q Q

5 to 9 ............................................................ 542 280 105 95 41 18 3 Q Q

10 to 19 ........................................................ 403 106 142 93 34 19 6 2 Q

20 to 49 ........................................................ 247 Q 53 78 46 26 12 2 1

50 to 99 ........................................................ 105 Q Q 32 34 25 7 3 1

100 to 249 .................................................... 71 Q Q Q 17 30 12 4 1

250 or More ................................................. 36 N N N Q 9 11 9 4

Photocopiers

None ............................................................ 2,825 1,706 691 309 81 29 7 3 Q

One .............................................................. 1,114 500 295 217 69 23 8 1 Q

2 to 4 ............................................................ 540 136 99 148 75 55 19 7 1

5 to 9 ............................................................ 102 Q Q 23 18 17 9 4 1

10 or More ................................................... 75 N N Q 14 21 17 9 5

Other Electronic Equipment

(more than one may apply)

Laser Printers .............................................. 1,949 732 424 412 181 121 52 20 7

FAX Machines ............................................. 2,807 1,203 661 509 213 136 56 22 7

Medical Diagnostic Equipment .................... 86 Q Q Q 64221

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 22
1,001 to 

5,000 

Square 

Feet

5,001 to 

10,000 

Square 

Feet

10,001 to 

25,000 

Square 

Feet

25,001 to 

50,000 

Square 

Feet

50,001 to 

100,000 

Square 

Feet

100,001 to 

200,000 

Square 

Feet

200,001 to 

500,000 

Square 

Feet

Over 

500,000 

Square 

Feet

Table B6. Building Size, Number of Buildings, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand)

Building Size

All 

Buildings 

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .................... 767 320 157 123 68 52 28 14 5

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................................ 698 232 142 149 87 47 25 12 4

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 2,130 1,005 497 344 138 89 36 15 5

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 1,283 507 329 214 110 69 35 13 5

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 550 188 136 81 57 49 23 10 5

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 567 218 104 86 61 52 30 11 5

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 2,786 1,217 627 521 209 129 55 21 7

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 460 150 59 81 65 56 31 13 5

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 843 389 186 123 64 46 20 10 4

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 2,167 952 545 354 149 98 45 17 6

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 580 200 128 116 62 39 20 9 4

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 2,862 1,387 743 432 160 89 36 11 4

Cooling ........................................................ 2,622 1,229 659 442 151 90 35 12 4

Lighting ........................................................ 3,675 1,794 913 592 197 115 45 15 4

Office Equipment ......................................... 184 Q Q 50 39 38 14 4 1

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 23
1,001 to 

5,000 

Square 

Feet

5,001 to 

10,000 

Square 

Feet

10,001 to 

25,000 

Square 

Feet

25,001 to 

50,000 

Square 

Feet

50,001 to 

100,000 

Square 

Feet

100,001 to 

200,000 

Square 

Feet

200,001 to 

500,000 

Square 

Feet

Over 

500,000 

Square 

Feet

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 6,774 8,238 11,153 9,311 10,112 8,271 6,851 6,628

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 338 444 883 1,803 2,144 1,484 1,311 Q

Food Sales .................................................. 994 302 QQQQQNN

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 754 541 352 Q Q Q N N

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 189 Q 135 274 263 315 756 767

 Inpatient ..................................................... 1,865 N N Q Q Q 243 681 760

 Outpatient .................................................. 1,053 189 Q Q 235 QQQQ

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 Q 283 436 1,142 758 530 794 Q

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 925 1,047 2,131 1,001 1,498 1,765 427 1,605

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 4,766 901 749 1,511 400 464 662 Q Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 5,631 Q 298 619 601 1,034 1,103 359 1,593

Office ........................................................... 12,044 1,212 1,063 1,486 1,191 1,951 1,717 1,560 1,864

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 337 646 968 559 740 285 347 Q

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 Q Q 365 155 QQQQ

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 272 730 1,435 530 Q Q N Q

Service ........................................................ 3,388 825 962 630 380 QQQQ

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 790 1,242 1,647 1,693 1,525 1,565 1,290 725

Other ............................................................ 1,222 Q Q 205 QQQQQ

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 497 527 278 246 QQQQ

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 655 791 972 489 483 Q Q Q

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 798 776 1,504 673 637 727 705 624

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 1,025 1,777 1,488 1,343 1,343 789 796 565

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 928 1,165 1,267 1,987 1,698 1,593 1,243 987

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 1,056 1,392 2,045 1,587 1,816 1,147 1,206 1,593

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 1,153 1,150 2,767 1,594 2,273 2,088 1,307 1,599

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 1,159 1,188 1,110 1,638 1,862 1,662 1,344 1,131

Floors

One .............................................................. 26,800 4,898 4,726 4,887 3,929 3,377 2,930 1,328 724

Two .............................................................. 16,985 1,528 2,263 3,689 2,922 2,799 1,645 1,059 1,081

Three ........................................................... 8,928 278 942 1,907 1,475 1,776 1,128 942 Q

Four to Nine ................................................. 10,180 Q 308 666 979 2,015 2,112 2,325 1,704

Ten or More ................................................. 4,445 N N Q Q Q 457 1,197 2,638

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 901 1,302 1,954 1,407 1,771 1,461 1,362 2,202

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 1,835 2,045 2,881 1,773 2,436 2,279 1,993 1,519

South ........................................................... 23,485 2,536 3,058 4,194 3,384 3,450 2,864 2,273 1,726

West ............................................................ 14,731 1,503 1,834 2,124 2,746 2,455 1,666 1,222 1,180

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 4,230 3,748 3,922 1,361 430 356 Q Q

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 1,502 1,331 1,557 1,098 444 350 Q N

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 791 1,792 2,263 1,647 799 Q Q Q

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 235 1,174 2,510 2,759 2,437 955 635 Q

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 Q Q 819 1,690 3,172 2,000 598 Q

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 Q Q Q 692 2,067 2,552 1,927 979

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 N N Q Q 762 1,767 3,015 4,977

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 1,712 1,790 1,632 571 269 Q Q Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 1,621 2,595 2,437 2,049 2,483 1,151 656 Q

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 1,384 1,633 2,712 2,291 2,421 1,534 1,200 1,025

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 859 1,213 1,952 1,673 1,751 1,710 1,231 2,068

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 745 575 1,419 1,037 1,486 1,751 1,244 859

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 454 432 1,001 1,689 1,702 1,787 2,271 2,528

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Table B7. Building Size, Floorspace, 1999

All

Buildings

Building Size

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 24
1,001 to 

5,000 

Square 

Feet

5,001 to 

10,000 

Square 

Feet

10,001 to 

25,000 

Square 

Feet

25,001 to 

50,000 

Square 

Feet

50,001 to 

100,000 

Square 

Feet

100,001 to 

200,000 

Square 

Feet

200,001 to 

500,000 

Square 

Feet

Over 

500,000 

Square 

Feet

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Table B7. Building Size, Floorspace, 1999

All

Buildings

Building Size

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 54,994 6,189 7,466 9,655 7,264 7,571 6,509 5,229 5,112

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 37,785 4,040 5,179 6,736 4,577 4,723 4,097 3,924 4,509

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 15,596 1,686 1,827 2,656 2,496 2,775 2,374 1,190 592

 Unoccupied ............................................... 1,613 463 Q 264 QQQQQ

Government Owned .................................... 12,343 585 772 1,498 2,047 2,541 1,762 1,622 1,516

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 953 Q Q 124 QQQQN

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 956 QQQQQQQQ

Partially Vacant ............................................ 15,520 784 1,430 1,824 1,868 2,291 2,067 1,769 3,487

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 49,910 5,493 6,281 9,051 7,196 7,726 6,127 4,940 3,094

Number of Establishments

One .............................................................. 43,343 5,358 5,952 7,812 6,720 6,063 4,798 4,126 2,514

2 to 5 ............................................................ 10,582 857 1,630 1,982 1,220 1,833 1,453 931 676

6 to 10 .......................................................... 3,574 Q 137 784 550 845 480 498 Q

11 to 20 ........................................................ 3,260 Q Q Q 494 839 790 455 416

More than 20 ............................................... 4,811 Q Q Q Q 432 690 702 2,771

Currently Unoccupied .................................. 1,769 512 Q 296 QQQQQ

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 6,280 7,721 10,843 9,175 10,034 8,246 6,790 6,628

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 3,566 5,088 7,001 6,405 7,165 5,915 5,282 5,104

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 620 583 983 983 1,612 1,875 2,984 3,645

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 Q Q 414 660 933 903 1,003 1,707

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 Q Q Q 294 525 630 470 630

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 635 986 1,203 568 865 854 616 562

Other ............................................................ 2,322 292 Q 290 250 350 Q Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 5,684 7,090 9,865 8,565 9,597 7,893 6,445 6,465

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 4,879 6,212 9,530 8,116 9,401 7,609 6,345 6,382

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 4,280 5,748 9,000 8,088 8,887 7,527 6,258 6,327

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 1,095 1,272 2,415 2,630 3,901 4,092 4,254 5,020

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 Q 318 519 390 600 478 283 Q

Buildings with Electricity

Generation ................................................... 11,882 Q Q 433 813 1,920 1,836 2,778 3,725

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 5,736 1,091 1,148 1,289 746 515 378 406 Q

1 to 50 .......................................................... 7,593 707 1,504 1,611 1,078 877 739 589 487

51 to 99 ........................................................ 10,745 750 1,177 1,936 1,690 1,407 946 1,341 1,498

100 ............................................................... 43,264 4,227 4,409 6,317 5,796 7,313 6,207 4,515 4,480

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 8,864 1,895 2,026 1,623 1,195 711 662 506 Q

1 to 50 .......................................................... 16,846 1,084 2,233 3,829 2,517 2,574 1,701 1,950 957

51 to 99 ........................................................ 16,966 838 1,435 2,224 2,128 2,668 2,281 2,339 3,053

100 ............................................................... 24,662 2,957 2,544 3,477 3,470 4,159 3,627 2,055 2,372

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 173 QQQQNQNN

1 to 50 .......................................................... 9,187 1,061 2,014 2,320 1,474 925 529 448 415

51 to 99 ........................................................ 20,665 1,499 2,614 3,085 3,013 3,657 2,247 2,345 2,206

100 ............................................................... 34,233 3,299 2,793 4,953 4,499 5,387 5,407 3,914 3,982

Building Never Open/

Electricity Not Used ..................................... 3,080 849 811 762 278 QQQQ

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 25
1,001 to 

5,000 

Square 

Feet

5,001 to 

10,000 

Square 

Feet

10,001 to 

25,000 

Square 

Feet

25,001 to 

50,000 

Square 

Feet

50,001 to 

100,000 

Square 

Feet

100,001 to 

200,000 

Square 

Feet

200,001 to 

500,000 

Square 

Feet

Over 

500,000 

Square 

Feet

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Table B7. Building Size, Floorspace, 1999

All

Buildings

Building Size

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 8,923 679 745 1,288 1,376 1,493 1,095 996 1,250

Furnaces ...................................................... 14,449 2,271 2,848 3,047 1,674 1,718 1,283 807 802

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 17,349 1,183 1,350 3,021 2,218 2,492 2,467 1,974 2,643

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 Q Q 307 617 905 883 963 1,698

Boilers ......................................................... 19,522 463 1,040 2,047 2,591 3,698 3,334 3,268 3,081

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 25,743 1,779 2,301 3,994 3,695 4,262 3,811 2,943 2,959

Other ............................................................ 4,073 250 Q 401 510 511 450 782 903

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

Air Conditioners ........................................... 8,329 890 1,606 1,420 860 1,221 905 715 712

Heat Pumps ................................................. 9,147 700 707 1,270 1,304 1,593 1,229 1,126 1,219

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 14,276 962 1,396 2,482 2,140 2,057 1,834 2,032 1,373

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 Q Q Q 294 525 630 470 630

Central Chillers ............................................ 12,909 Q Q 307 919 1,989 2,331 2,963 4,223

Packaged Air Conditioning

Units ............................................................ 36,527 2,613 3,197 6,031 5,120 6,164 5,217 4,106 4,080

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 2,219 253 181 207 325 477 307 Q Q

Other ............................................................ 1,312 Q Q Q 153 QQQQ

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 13,220 1,325 1,757 2,472 2,145 2,214 1,359 1,141 807

Cooling ........................................................ 17,390 1,399 1,638 3,402 2,614 2,709 1,809 2,032 1,787

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 38,156 2,946 4,047 6,055 5,004 5,880 4,685 4,396 5,143

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 60,344 5,154 6,722 9,815 8,344 9,525 7,817 6,423 6,544

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 20,666 738 1,108 1,759 2,296 3,425 3,429 3,575 4,336

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 19,223 245 663 1,701 2,224 3,101 3,633 3,259 4,397

Halogen ....................................................... 17,926 600 991 1,996 1,611 2,929 3,241 2,677 3,882

Other ............................................................ 1,004 QQQQQQQQ

Personal Computers

None ............................................................ 9,583 2,987 2,983 1,839 825 310 305 305 Q

1 to 4 ............................................................ 13,853 2,351 2,964 4,383 2,133 947 807 Q Q

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,528 936 752 1,520 1,439 1,240 396 Q Q

10 to 19 ........................................................ 7,514 387 1,147 1,432 1,259 1,393 830 730 Q

20 to 49 ........................................................ 8,087 Q 366 1,303 1,662 1,757 1,657 692 540

50 to 99 ........................................................ 5,867 Q Q 578 1,227 1,708 957 813 557

100 to 249 .................................................... 6,818 Q Q Q 659 2,121 1,620 1,027 1,289

250 or More ................................................. 9,088 N N N Q 635 1,698 2,874 3,774

Photocopiers

None ............................................................ 21,631 4,851 5,062 4,841 2,878 1,974 1,016 704 Q

One .............................................................. 12,928 1,487 2,237 3,430 2,495 1,613 1,090 378 Q

2 to 4 ............................................................ 15,620 427 737 2,348 2,770 3,819 2,543 1,998 978

5 to 9 ............................................................ 5,384 Q Q 394 643 1,200 1,234 1,038 665

10 or More ................................................... 11,774 N N Q 526 1,507 2,389 2,733 4,479

Other Electronic Equipment

(more than one may apply)

Laser Printers .............................................. 46,567 2,190 3,206 6,508 6,550 8,540 7,183 6,109 6,281

FAX Machines ............................................. 54,764 3,594 4,931 8,093 7,773 9,563 7,786 6,425 6,599

Medical Diagnostic Equipment .................... 2,493 Q Q Q 193 245 296 732 673

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 26
1,001 to 

5,000 

Square 

Feet

5,001 to 

10,000 

Square 

Feet

10,001 to 

25,000 

Square 

Feet

25,001 to 

50,000 

Square 

Feet

50,001 to 

100,000 

Square 

Feet

100,001 to 

200,000 

Square 

Feet

200,001 to 

500,000 

Square 

Feet

Over 

500,000 

Square 

Feet

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Table B7. Building Size, Floorspace, 1999

All

Buildings

Building Size

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .................... 23,328 1,005 1,129 2,002 2,472 3,729 3,923 4,104 4,965

Activities with Large

Amounts of Hot Water ................................. 21,793 760 1,063 2,331 3,158 3,346 3,547 3,666 3,922

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 38,193 3,052 3,806 5,506 5,027 6,209 5,064 4,499 5,030

Tinted, Reflective, or

Shading Glass ............................................. 29,915 1,530 2,423 3,385 3,993 4,866 4,938 4,032 4,746

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 19,387 634 1,058 1,309 2,115 3,430 3,350 3,077 4,414

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 21,256 640 798 1,392 2,219 3,679 4,164 3,408 4,955

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 53,395 3,690 4,671 8,100 7,560 9,044 7,613 6,207 6,510

Energy Management and

Control System (EMCS) .............................. 21,613 511 475 1,391 2,299 3,953 4,267 3,930 4,787

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 19,994 1,171 1,389 1,970 2,384 3,285 2,837 3,087 3,870

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 42,035 2,736 4,044 5,620 5,468 6,903 6,366 5,248 5,650

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 18,286 556 977 1,949 2,251 2,745 2,765 2,898 4,144

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 39,969 4,018 5,522 6,731 5,788 6,269 5,007 3,315 3,318

Cooling ........................................................ 39,161 3,703 4,901 6,912 5,484 6,322 4,854 3,438 3,546

Lighting ........................................................ 51,083 5,227 6,819 9,236 7,153 8,069 6,268 4,265 4,046

Office Equipment ......................................... 9,063 Q Q 852 1,403 2,625 1,927 1,213 825

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 27
1919 or

Before

1920 to

1945

1946 to

1959

1960 to

1969

1970 to

1979

1980 to

1989

1990 to

1999

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 419 499 763 665 774 846 690

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 227 270 359 321 367 413 390

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 107 102 240 166 193 156 145

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 63 90 97 84 130 179 65

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 13 20 39 53 44 43 44

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 7 9 19 24 26 33 27

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 Q 5 5 12 8 15 12

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 Q 234444

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 Q 111221

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 18 32 71 69 53 37 47

Food Sales .................................................. 174 Q Q Q Q Q Q 50

Food Service ............................................... 349 Q 48 Q 50 70 80 Q

Health Care ................................................. 127 Q Q 27 16 38 15 23

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 Q Q 1 2 2 2Q

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 Q Q Q Q 36 14 23

Lodging ........................................................ 153 Q Q 15 33 33 29 24

Mercantile .................................................... 667 93 61 154 60 112 127 60

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 92 46 140 44 78 88 46

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 Q Q 14 16 35 39 14

Office ........................................................... 739 72 55 96 96 115 169 135

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 34 37 31 58 42 59 43

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 QQQQQQ 5

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 44 Q 76 47 58 27 33

Service ........................................................ 478 Q 78 89 66 89 88 Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 36 66 68 62 91 132 149

Other ............................................................ 102 Q Q Q 27 Q Q Q

Vacant ......................................................... 253 49 57 67 45 Q Q Q

Floors

One .............................................................. 2,879 88 209 478 461 568 547 529

Two .............................................................. 1,168 141 166 202 155 155 221 127

Three ........................................................... 420 136 81 72 31 38 45 16

Four to Nine ................................................. 178 52 41 10 17 11 30 17

Ten or More ................................................. 11 Q 212231

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 126 65 138 97 77 122 62

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 172 206 174 155 141 165 175

South ........................................................... 1,762 69 155 289 199 338 408 304

West ............................................................ 1,021 52 73 162 215 219 151 149

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 280 331 405 316 344 371 330

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 62 65 135 124 174 126 121

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 52 58 107 95 110 159 102

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 12 29 84 78 81 116 87

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 3 8 22 27 43 44 27

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 Q 5 7 21 15 19 16

250 or More ................................................. 39 Q 3 3 5 8 11 7

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 132 140 189 130 152 124 111

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 116 145 213 154 147 222 158

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 95 75 152 145 185 150 185

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 39 68 122 109 111 118 96

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 20 42 41 50 111 128 82

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 17 29 46 77 67 104 58

Table B8. Year Constructed, Number of Buildings, 1999

Year Constructed

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 28
1919 or

Before

1920 to

1945

1946 to

1959

1960 to

1969

1970 to

1979

1980 to

1989

1990 to

1999

Table B8. Year Constructed, Number of Buildings, 1999

Year Constructed

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 4,135 384 436 670 581 684 761 619

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 2,801 256 291 450 377 465 532 431

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 1,099 94 130 159 172 201 195 148

 Unoccupied ............................................... 236 Q Q 62 QQQQ

Government Owned .................................... 521 35 63 93 85 90 85 71

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 140 QQQQQQQ

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 113 QQQQQQQ

Partially Vacant ............................................ 697 71 64 89 89 104 134 146

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 3,707 298 379 606 531 652 704 537

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 363 480 716 628 758 781 669

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 291 329 426 406 481 389 349

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 53 55 109 65 37 70 45

District Heat ................................................. 117 20 9 21 18 Q 16 15

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 Q 2 5 7 Q Q 4

Propane ....................................................... 451 Q 45 65 72 66 89 94

Other ............................................................ 153 Q Q 36 12 24 39 Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 350 430 666 557 691 713 608

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 260 313 589 496 649 702 549

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 277 311 493 493 592 623 450

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 69 85 115 131 161 173 124

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 Q Q 28 19 32 37 Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 Q 4 41 25 23 26 44

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 641 69 69 97 108 83 133 82

1 to 50 .......................................................... 576 48 79 93 58 107 113 78

51 to 99 ........................................................ 627 56 103 86 75 86 111 109

100 ............................................................... 2,813 246 248 487 424 498 490 421

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 1,097 159 186 174 169 125 144 141

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,012 105 133 205 126 163 148 131

51 to 99 ........................................................ 751 65 94 102 123 118 128 122

100 ............................................................... 1,796 90 86 282 247 368 426 296

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 34 N N QQQQQ

1 to 50 .......................................................... 835 122 152 159 91 113 108 91

51 to 99 ........................................................ 1,228 121 107 202 218 237 199 144

100 ............................................................... 2,096 99 175 315 283 374 464 387

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 464 77 65 82 72 43 73 Q

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 492 6 23 95 39 102 124 103

Furnaces ...................................................... 1,460 163 206 251 191 205 237 208

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 894 79 107 180 110 172 127 119

District Heat ................................................. 96 19 9 21 16 Q 11 4

Boilers ......................................................... 581 100 83 121 98 63 65 52

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 1,347 40 110 157 213 304 289 235

Other ............................................................ 185 Q Q 33 19 35 59 Q

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 29
1919 or

Before

1920 to

1945

1946 to

1959

1960 to

1969

1970 to

1979

1980 to

1989

1990 to

1999

Table B8. Year Constructed, Number of Buildings, 1999

Year Constructed

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 676 78 75 129 39 105 143 107

Heat Pumps ................................................. 485 Q 24 89 39 106 121 91

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 799 101 124 178 102 112 96 86

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 Q 2 5 7 Q Q 4

Central Chillers ............................................ 130 Q 8 13 32 17 22 29

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 1,953 92 143 275 332 398 421 291

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 136 Q Q 29 25 33 19 6

Other ............................................................ 49 QQQQQQQ

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 984 83 116 201 128 211 138 107

Cooling ........................................................ 1,085 83 112 216 157 239 186 93

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 2,193 221 283 334 307 391 415 242

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 3,778 307 376 622 525 674 721 552

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 607 44 58 56 122 81 123 121

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 430 41 31 54 48 69 94 93

Halogen ....................................................... 572 55 33 79 86 112 131 77

Other ............................................................ 58 QQQQQQQ

Personal Computers

None ............................................................ 1,617 187 222 297 209 243 253 206

1 to 4 ............................................................ 1,636 156 194 274 245 297 272 198

5 to 9 ............................................................ 542 33 28 80 68 117 100 117

10 to 19 ........................................................ 403 27 12 43 66 53 108 94

20 to 49 ........................................................ 247 10 23 49 35 32 57 40

50 to 99 ........................................................ 105 Q 14 10 17 15 29 18

100 to 249 .................................................... 71 3 4 6 18 10 18 12

250 or More ................................................. 36 Q 346795

Photocopiers

None ............................................................ 2,825 289 338 502 409 446 489 352

One .............................................................. 1,114 88 100 160 178 205 184 198

2 to 4 ............................................................ 540 37 53 85 53 89 126 97

5 to 9 ............................................................ 102 Q Q 4 16 21 23 34

10 or More ................................................... 75 3 5 Q 9 13 24 10

Other Electronic Equipment

(more than one may apply)

Laser Printers .............................................. 1,949 163 153 290 305 300 412 327

FAX Machines ............................................. 2,807 222 251 430 383 481 564 476

Medical Diagnostic Equipment .................... 86 Q Q 23 8 28 14 11

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .................... 767 53 82 100 127 135 163 108

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................................ 698 46 92 84 120 154 131 70

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 2,130 206 182 283 282 301 446 428

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 1,283 82 71 163 174 283 302 210

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 30
1919 or

Before

1920 to

1945

1946 to

1959

1960 to

1969

1970 to

1979

1980 to

1989

1990 to

1999

Table B8. Year Constructed, Number of Buildings, 1999

Year Constructed

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 550 16 31 84 74 100 118 127

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 567 23 18 40 121 98 138 129

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 2,786 233 250 440 405 461 577 420

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 460 17 35 52 110 55 102 90

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 843 48 48 125 132 155 184 151

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 2,167 146 201 360 288 428 429 315

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 580 40 46 64 68 88 184 89

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 31
1919 or

Before

1920 to

1945

1946 to

1959

1960 to

1969

1970 to

1979

1980 to

1989

1990 to

1999

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 4,034 6,445 9,127 10,866 11,840 13,931 11,094

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 655 798 1,025 928 1,056 1,153 1,159

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 791 776 1,777 1,165 1,392 1,150 1,188

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 972 1,504 1,488 1,267 2,045 2,767 1,110

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 489 673 1,343 1,987 1,587 1,594 1,638

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 483 637 1,343 1,698 1,816 2,273 1,862

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 Q 727 789 1,593 1,147 2,088 1,662

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 Q 705 796 1,243 1,206 1,307 1,344

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 Q 624 565 987 1,593 1,599 1,131

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 278 1,138 1,831 2,035 1,411 719 1,239

Food Sales .................................................. 994 Q Q Q Q Q Q 355

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 Q 265 Q 310 295 347 Q

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 Q Q 322 487 852 558 473

 Inpatient ..................................................... 1,865 Q Q 232 377 613 287 Q

 Outpatient .................................................. 1,053 Q Q Q Q 238 271 319

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 Q Q 351 870 838 1,289 716

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 818 381 1,384 1,305 1,951 2,529 2,030

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 4,766 773 242 886 517 509 700 1,139

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 5,631 Q Q 497 788 1,442 1,829 891

Office ........................................................... 12,044 702 1,051 1,155 1,685 2,036 3,586 1,830

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 292 569 534 868 717 678 736

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 Q Q Q Q Q Q 227

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 385 Q 641 612 718 418 357

Service ........................................................ 3,388 Q 629 541 608 645 515 336

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 380 1,092 1,265 1,247 1,793 2,620 2,079

Other ............................................................ 1,222 Q Q Q 355 Q Q 367

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 385 468 501 257 Q Q Q

Floors

One .............................................................. 26,800 464 1,455 3,683 4,466 5,156 5,946 5,632

Two .............................................................. 16,985 796 1,569 2,853 2,761 2,860 3,489 2,657

Three ........................................................... 8,928 1,439 1,376 1,328 1,163 1,339 1,309 974

Four to Nine ................................................. 10,180 1,188 1,457 875 1,707 1,629 2,005 1,319

Ten or More ................................................. 4,445 Q 589 388 770 857 1,183 512

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 1,392 1,619 2,030 2,050 1,823 2,070 1,376

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 1,576 2,423 2,152 2,602 2,347 2,828 2,834

South ........................................................... 23,485 549 1,704 2,910 3,318 4,278 6,263 4,464

West ............................................................ 14,731 518 699 2,035 2,896 3,391 2,771 2,420

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 1,863 2,443 2,264 2,015 2,012 2,013 1,712

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 506 508 1,012 1,181 1,337 952 829

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 637 729 1,415 1,128 1,233 1,731 1,153

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 316 691 1,947 1,707 1,682 2,383 2,089

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 219 586 833 1,696 1,803 2,161 1,601

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 235 658 688 1,561 1,515 1,915 1,786

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 Q 830 968 1,579 2,259 2,776 1,925

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 803 1,182 1,292 967 1,035 807 511

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 951 1,896 2,095 2,027 1,853 2,511 1,771

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 967 1,209 2,083 2,171 2,586 2,892 2,292

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 565 672 1,613 2,092 2,482 2,847 2,186

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 274 611 934 1,482 1,812 2,021 1,981

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 474 876 1,110 2,127 2,071 2,853 2,352

Table B9. Year Constructed, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Year Constructed

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 32
1919 or

Before

1920 to

1945

1946 to

1959

1960 to

1969

1970 to

1979

1980 to

1989

1990 to

1999

Table B9. Year Constructed, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Year Constructed

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 54,994 3,456 4,812 7,053 8,122 9,907 12,507 9,138

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 37,785 2,479 3,575 4,879 5,495 6,795 8,364 6,198

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 15,596 728 1,081 1,737 2,419 2,960 3,855 2,817

 Unoccupied ............................................... 1,613 Q Q 437 QQQQ

Government Owned .................................... 12,343 579 1,633 2,074 2,745 1,933 1,424 1,956

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 953 QQQQQQQ

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 956 QQQQQQQ

Partially Vacant ............................................ 15,520 932 1,360 1,583 2,382 2,646 3,802 2,817

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 49,910 2,718 4,617 7,043 8,227 9,028 10,057 8,219

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 3,714 6,281 8,794 10,686 11,750 13,485 11,007

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 2,766 4,257 6,040 7,512 8,080 8,794 8,076

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 745 1,060 1,782 2,349 2,446 2,795 2,108

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 486 764 1,088 1,406 788 682 677

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 Q 134 406 633 492 424 407

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 Q 473 748 1,220 1,033 1,333 1,295

Other ............................................................ 2,322 Q Q 433 353 352 499 353

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 3,593 5,559 8,402 9,966 10,916 12,566 10,600

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 2,911 4,383 7,601 9,325 11,050 12,849 10,355

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 3,130 4,644 7,154 9,421 10,182 12,137 9,446

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 1,091 2,232 3,195 4,178 4,551 5,030 4,403

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 Q Q 535 409 555 744 485

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 267 520 1,205 2,067 2,438 2,644 2,741

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 5,736 441 886 725 901 924 1,366 493

1 to 50 .......................................................... 7,593 507 834 1,304 1,038 1,458 1,254 1,198

51 to 99 ........................................................ 10,745 798 1,249 1,178 1,891 1,670 2,181 1,777

100 ............................................................... 43,264 2,288 3,476 5,920 7,037 7,789 9,131 7,625

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 8,864 1,123 2,062 1,526 1,542 790 1,083 739

1 to 50 .......................................................... 16,846 1,237 1,936 3,068 2,406 2,812 2,833 2,553

51 to 99 ........................................................ 16,966 1,022 1,234 1,796 3,235 2,998 3,584 3,096

100 ............................................................... 24,662 653 1,213 2,737 3,683 5,240 6,431 4,706

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 173 N N QQQQQ

1 to 50 .......................................................... 9,187 1,130 1,452 1,720 1,162 1,448 1,318 957

51 to 99 ........................................................ 20,665 1,290 1,879 2,856 3,765 3,832 3,801 3,242

100 ............................................................... 34,233 1,129 2,523 3,930 5,552 6,276 8,153 6,670

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 3,080 486 590 605 371 240 609 Q

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 8,923 251 449 1,064 1,129 1,651 2,583 1,796

Furnaces ...................................................... 14,449 1,214 1,552 2,082 2,053 2,235 2,927 2,387

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 17,349 1,042 1,772 2,551 2,496 3,345 3,428 2,715

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 480 764 1,065 1,351 769 606 499

Boilers ......................................................... 19,522 1,397 2,264 2,762 4,231 3,275 3,114 2,479

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 25,743 428 1,476 2,917 3,961 4,899 6,379 5,684

Other ............................................................ 4,073 Q Q 563 560 684 1,012 786

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 33
1919 or

Before

1920 to

1945

1946 to

1959

1960 to

1969

1970 to

1979

1980 to

1989

1990 to

1999

Table B9. Year Constructed, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Year Constructed

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 8,329 677 657 1,239 957 1,621 1,904 1,274

Heat Pumps ................................................. 9,147 284 551 984 1,119 1,793 2,711 1,705

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 14,276 1,206 2,074 2,833 2,296 2,237 2,155 1,476

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 Q 134 406 633 492 424 407

Central Chillers ............................................ 12,909 254 984 1,329 2,765 2,766 2,584 2,229

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 36,527 1,244 2,367 4,427 5,686 7,001 8,978 6,825

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 2,219 Q Q 261 527 499 345 339

Other ............................................................ 1,312 Q Q Q Q 316 348 Q

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 13,220 756 1,212 2,191 2,164 3,100 3,002 794

Cooling ........................................................ 17,390 1,003 1,602 2,735 3,161 4,254 3,692 943

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 38,156 2,533 3,909 4,951 6,268 7,089 8,028 5,377

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 60,344 3,246 5,417 8,031 9,939 11,099 12,619 9,993

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 20,666 1,040 1,423 2,019 3,445 3,824 4,755 4,160

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 19,223 682 1,530 1,981 2,986 3,413 4,166 4,464

Halogen ....................................................... 17,926 871 921 1,861 2,916 3,511 4,272 3,574

Other ............................................................ 1,004 Q Q Q Q Q Q 392

Personal Computers

None ............................................................ 9,583 1,097 1,546 1,772 1,191 1,404 1,476 1,098

1 to 4 ............................................................ 13,853 1,281 1,840 2,174 2,357 2,592 2,040 1,569

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,528 264 334 936 837 1,523 1,443 1,191

10 to 19 ........................................................ 7,514 484 306 826 1,279 1,112 1,860 1,647

20 to 49 ........................................................ 8,087 258 622 1,223 1,021 1,149 2,014 1,801

50 to 99 ........................................................ 5,867 Q 549 640 1,012 890 1,341 1,276

100 to 249 .................................................... 6,818 245 405 566 1,480 1,260 1,616 1,245

250 or More ................................................. 9,088 Q 843 990 1,690 1,910 2,142 1,267

Photocopiers

None ............................................................ 21,631 1,907 2,625 3,747 3,396 3,578 3,689 2,690

One .............................................................. 12,928 918 1,349 1,660 2,163 2,240 2,240 2,358

2 to 4 ............................................................ 15,620 741 1,116 2,176 2,389 2,707 3,571 2,921

5 to 9 ............................................................ 5,384 Q Q 319 1,119 921 1,350 1,373

10 or More ................................................... 11,774 362 1,159 1,225 1,800 2,394 3,081 1,752

Other Electronic Equipment

(more than one may apply)

Laser Printers .............................................. 46,567 2,181 3,288 5,675 7,867 8,341 10,449 8,765

FAX Machines ............................................. 54,764 2,786 4,442 6,835 8,827 10,029 11,961 9,883

Medical Diagnostic Equipment .................... 2,493 Q Q 296 439 786 507 388

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .................... 23,328 956 2,138 3,051 4,028 4,209 4,827 4,120

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................................ 21,793 802 1,858 2,614 4,123 4,123 4,530 3,743

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 38,193 2,294 3,049 4,225 5,155 6,395 9,060 8,016

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 29,915 931 1,467 2,854 4,322 6,087 7,919 6,335

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 34
1919 or

Before

1920 to

1945

1946 to

1959

1960 to

1969

1970 to

1979

1980 to

1989

1990 to

1999

Table B9. Year Constructed, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Year Constructed

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 19,387 540 960 1,593 3,238 3,718 4,666 4,672

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 21,256 628 1,103 1,811 3,718 4,380 5,053 4,563

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 53,395 2,669 4,242 6,658 8,749 9,669 11,743 9,665

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 21,613 509 1,566 2,243 4,020 3,791 4,409 5,074

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 19,994 728 1,380 2,339 2,825 3,887 4,724 4,111

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 42,035 1,828 3,472 5,236 6,649 8,174 8,862 7,815

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 18,286 803 1,211 1,744 2,549 3,062 5,254 3,664

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 35
Fewer 

than 5 

Workers

5 to 9 

Workers

10 to 19 

Workers

20 to 49 

Workers

50 to 99 

Workers

100 to 249 

Workers

250 or

More

Workers

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 2,376 807 683 487 174 90 39

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 1,567 482 226 66 Q Q N

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 511 180 249 144 Q Q N

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 250 105 146 157 46 Q Q

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 37 32 47 75 46 18 Q

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 7 6 12 36 45 29 10

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 2 3 Q 7 15 18 12

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 Q Q Q 2 2 7 10

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 Q N Q Q Q 1 5

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 85 59 73 64 32 11 4

Food Sales .................................................. 174 147 Q Q 4 Q Q Q

Food Service ............................................... 349 111 77 107 46 Q Q N

Health Care ................................................. 127 Q Q Q 13 12 5 4

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 N QQQQ 2 3

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 Q Q Q 10 Q 3 Q

Lodging ........................................................ 153 85 20 20 14 10 4 Q

Mercantile .................................................... 667 321 124 99 70 32 18 3

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 319 102 63 35 5 Q Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 Q Q 36 35 26 9 3

Office ........................................................... 739 205 183 153 109 36 29 23

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 198 48 23 22 6 Q Q

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 Q Q Q 28 Q Q Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 222 46 19 17 Q Q Q

Service ........................................................ 478 271 107 38 51 9 Q Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 389 81 73 32 21 6 2

Other ............................................................ 102 46 QQQQQQ

Vacant ......................................................... 253 244 QQQQNQ

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 280 62 52 12 3 Q Q

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 331 65 58 29 8 5 3

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 405 135 107 84 22 7 3

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 316 124 95 78 27 21 5

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 344 174 110 81 43 15 8

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 371 126 159 116 44 19 11

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 330 121 102 87 27 16 7

Floors

One .............................................................. 2,879 1,591 497 407 271 78 31 5

Two .............................................................. 1,168 538 220 189 147 50 18 6

Three ........................................................... 420 194 71 62 42 26 20 4

Four to Nine ................................................. 178 52 19 26 27 18 19 16

Ten or More ................................................. 11 Q QQQQ 2 8

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 271 163 114 87 30 16 5

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 668 224 136 95 32 24 9

South ........................................................... 1,762 970 220 273 204 51 32 12

West ............................................................ 1,021 468 199 160 101 61 19 12

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 806 93 33 41 Q Q Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 550 219 205 123 36 18 4

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 377 229 202 98 43 26 11

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 251 152 113 87 36 17 8

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 183 78 86 75 34 13 5

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 209 35 43 63 23 14 11

Table B10. Employment Size Category, Number of Buildings, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

Number of Workers

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 36
Fewer 

than 5 

Workers

5 to 9 

Workers

10 to 19 

Workers

20 to 49 

Workers

50 to 99 

Workers

100 to 249 

Workers

250 or

More

Workers

Table B10. Employment Size Category, Number of Buildings, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

Number of Workers

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 4,135 2,187 709 587 413 135 73 33

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 2,801 1,463 489 435 279 64 48 24

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 1,099 488 220 152 133 72 25 9

 Unoccupied ............................................... 236 236 N N NNNN

Government Owned .................................... 521 189 99 96 75 39 18 6

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 140 140 N N NNNN

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 113 104 QQQQNQ

Partially Vacant ............................................ 697 351 121 73 78 35 26 14

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 3,707 1,781 686 609 404 138 64 26

Number of Establishments

One .............................................................. 3,528 1,891 610 520 344 89 54 19

2 to 5 ............................................................ 688 208 193 149 92 30 12 5

6 to 10 .......................................................... 114 Q Q 13 41 27 9 3

11 to 20 ........................................................ 48 Q Q Q 10 22 10 4

More than 20 ............................................... 27 Q Q Q Q 6 5 8

Currently Unoccupied .................................. 251 251 N N NNNN

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 2,121 800 683 487 174 90 39

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 1,151 560 424 321 118 67 28

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 182 95 54 54 17 18 15

District Heat ................................................. 117 38 18 15 12 19 9 7

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 Q Q Q 3 10 4 5

Propane ....................................................... 451 215 71 74 73 11 6 2

Other ............................................................ 153 83 Q Q 23 5 Q 1

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 1,835 773 667 456 166 81 38

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 1,513 681 636 433 169 88 39

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 1,312 643 586 417 159 85 36

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 287 131 172 154 65 30 18

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 Q 24 31 29 12 3 2

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 Q 11 19 49 19 23 16

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 641 541 34 16 32 8 Q Q

1 to 50 .......................................................... 576 326 155 57 21 14 2 1

51 to 99 ........................................................ 627 332 77 95 86 21 10 7

100 ............................................................... 2,813 1,176 541 515 349 132 69 31

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 1,097 862 126 47 54 5 Q Q

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,012 416 270 170 99 36 19 3

51 to 99 ........................................................ 751 314 89 152 106 50 28 13

100 ............................................................... 1,796 784 322 314 228 83 42 23

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 34 Q Q Q NNNN

1 to 50 .......................................................... 835 558 135 102 32 7 Q Q

51 to 99 ........................................................ 1,228 487 216 210 190 78 35 12

100 ............................................................... 2,096 865 442 354 264 90 54 27

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 464 441 Q Q NNNN

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 37
Fewer 

than 5 

Workers

5 to 9 

Workers

10 to 19 

Workers

20 to 49 

Workers

50 to 99 

Workers

100 to 249 

Workers

250 or

More

Workers

Table B10. Employment Size Category, Number of Buildings, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

Number of Workers

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 492 162 73 131 81 28 11 6

Furnaces ...................................................... 1,460 742 370 164 141 24 17 3

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 894 419 188 125 86 46 20 10

District Heat ................................................. 96 30 14 10 12 15 8 7

Boilers ......................................................... 581 191 108 109 83 41 31 18

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 1,347 504 204 290 210 84 40 15

Other ............................................................ 185 105 25 12 18 14 5 5

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 676 339 133 101 69 18 14 3

Heat Pumps ................................................. 485 169 68 122 79 29 10 8

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 799 350 163 146 61 44 27 7

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 Q Q Q 3 10 4 5

Central Chillers ............................................ 130 28 9 11 22 18 21 20

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 1,953 724 354 383 295 118 54 24

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 136 69 26 Q 13 5 4 1

Other ............................................................ 49 Q Q Q 7 Q 3 1

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 2,193 986 391 373 258 102 56 26

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 3,778 1,681 737 627 442 165 88 39

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 607 159 105 112 133 43 32 23

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 430 153 57 61 76 45 22 14

Halogen ....................................................... 572 176 105 84 120 40 31 17

Other ............................................................ 58 Q QQQQQQ

Personal Computers

None ............................................................ 1,617 1,326 190 72 QQQQ

1 to 4 ............................................................ 1,636 941 338 218 111 15 Q Q

5 to 9 ............................................................ 542 59 207 171 91 12 Q Q

10 to 19 ........................................................ 403 Q 63 174 89 36 6 Q

20 to 49 ........................................................ 247 Q Q 38 134 40 12 2

50 to 99 ........................................................ 105 Q Q Q 33 42 16 2

100 to 249 .................................................... 71 Q Q Q 6 22 32 7

250 or More ................................................. 36 Q N Q Q 3 6 26

Photocopiers

None ............................................................ 2,825 1,881 488 248 157 28 21 2

One .............................................................. 1,114 419 242 281 135 32 3 Q

2 to 4 ............................................................ 540 69 76 149 152 66 25 4

5 to 9 ............................................................ 102 Q Q Q 40 25 21 5

10 or More ................................................... 75 Q Q Q Q 23 21 28

Other Electronic Equipment

(more than one may apply)

Laser Printers .............................................. 1,949 511 370 418 373 156 83 38

FAX Machines ............................................. 2,807 926 591 573 422 166 89 39

Medical Diagnostic Equipment .................... 86 Q Q Q 10 Q 5 4

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 843 295 150 168 125 53 31 20

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 2,167 891 400 390 272 124 57 33

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 580 238 70 102 86 49 23 12

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 38
Fewer 

than 5 

Workers

5 to 9 

Workers

10 to 19 

Workers

20 to 49 

Workers

50 to 99 

Workers

100 to 249 

Workers

250 or

More

Workers

Table B10. Employment Size Category, Number of Buildings, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

Number of Workers

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 2,862 1,270 583 510 312 116 49 23

Cooling ........................................................ 2,622 1,055 556 507 301 117 62 23

Lighting ........................................................ 3,675 1,671 740 611 402 148 75 27

Office Equipment ......................................... 184 Q Q 30 73 45 20 8

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 39
Fewer 

than 5 

Workers

5 to 9 

Workers

10 to 19 

Workers

20 to 49 

Workers

50 to 99 

Workers

100 to 249 

Workers

250 or

More

Workers

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 14,321 6,325 8,028 10,814 8,898 8,356 10,595

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 4,230 1,502 791 235 Q Q N

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 3,748 1,331 1,792 1,174 Q Q N

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 3,922 1,557 2,263 2,510 819 Q Q

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 1,361 1,098 1,647 2,759 1,690 692 Q

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 430 444 799 2,437 3,172 2,067 762

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 356 350 Q 955 2,000 2,552 1,767

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 Q Q Q 635 598 1,927 3,015

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 Q N Q Q Q 979 4,977

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 420 516 983 2,161 2,258 1,603 710

Food Sales .................................................. 994 482 Q Q 159 Q Q Q

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 326 285 718 346 Q Q N

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 Q Q Q 212 280 521 1,529

 Inpatient ..................................................... 1,865 N Q Q Q Q 334 1,371

 Outpatient .................................................. 1,053 Q Q Q 150 198 187 Q

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 897 482 672 973 540 618 Q

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 1,572 1,035 1,199 1,734 1,666 1,518 1,673

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 4,766 1,525 786 826 767 442 320 Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 5,631 Q Q 373 967 1,224 1,198 1,572

Office ........................................................... 12,044 744 790 959 1,505 1,312 1,955 4,778

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 1,451 701 360 543 623 407 Q

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 Q Q Q 329 Q Q Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 1,962 561 499 279 Q Q Q

Service ........................................................ 3,388 1,058 483 415 728 313 Q Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 3,177 1,089 1,485 1,694 1,336 1,004 692

Other ............................................................ 1,222 219 QQQQQQ

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 1,723 QQQQNQ

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 1,863 506 637 316 219 235 Q

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 2,443 508 729 691 586 658 830

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 2,264 1,012 1,415 1,947 833 688 968

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 2,015 1,181 1,128 1,707 1,696 1,561 1,579

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 2,012 1,337 1,233 1,682 1,803 1,515 2,259

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 2,013 952 1,731 2,383 2,161 1,915 2,776

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 1,712 829 1,153 2,089 1,601 1,786 1,925

Floors

One .............................................................. 26,800 7,746 3,164 3,867 4,996 3,639 2,481 908

Two .............................................................. 16,985 3,820 1,890 2,205 3,287 2,472 1,818 1,493

Three ........................................................... 8,928 1,798 953 1,200 1,369 1,265 1,430 912

Four to Nine ................................................. 10,180 867 305 730 1,140 1,385 2,044 3,708

Ten or More ................................................. 4,445 Q Q Q Q Q 583 3,575

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 1,906 1,372 1,472 1,574 1,814 1,702 2,519

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 4,033 1,689 1,930 2,575 1,876 2,228 2,430

South ........................................................... 23,485 5,579 1,730 2,935 4,174 2,876 2,856 3,335

West ............................................................ 14,731 2,802 1,533 1,690 2,492 2,332 1,570 2,312

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 5,132 367 215 511 Q Q Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 3,477 1,676 1,973 2,721 1,729 863 666

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 1,920 1,838 2,379 2,189 2,079 1,719 2,075

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 1,344 1,117 1,334 2,124 1,945 1,930 2,663

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 1,128 723 1,043 1,586 1,592 1,783 1,261

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 1,319 604 1,084 1,684 1,334 1,920 3,918

Table B11. Employment Size Category, Floorspace, 1999

Number of Workers

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 40
Fewer 

than 5 

Workers

5 to 9 

Workers

10 to 19 

Workers

20 to 49 

Workers

50 to 99 

Workers

100 to 249 

Workers

250 or

More

Workers

Table B11. Employment Size Category, Floorspace, 1999

Number of Workers

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 54,994 12,950 5,432 6,947 8,480 6,431 6,358 8,398

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 37,785 8,848 3,765 5,172 5,390 3,470 4,375 6,766

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 15,596 2,488 1,667 1,774 3,090 2,961 1,983 1,632

 Unoccupied ............................................... 1,613 1,613 N N N N N N

Government Owned .................................... 12,343 1,371 893 1,081 2,334 2,467 1,998 2,198

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 953 953 N N N N N N

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 956 770 QQQQNQ

Partially Vacant ............................................ 15,520 2,520 1,059 1,102 2,153 1,811 2,297 4,577

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 49,910 10,078 5,233 6,858 8,605 7,064 6,060 6,012

Number of Establishments

One .............................................................. 43,343 10,723 4,718 6,063 7,280 5,111 4,796 4,651

2 to 5 ............................................................ 10,582 1,619 1,459 1,701 2,204 1,554 1,053 992

6 to 10 .......................................................... 3,574 Q Q 216 918 773 752 683

11 to 20 ........................................................ 3,260 Q Q Q 389 1,021 992 789

More than 20 ............................................... 4,811 Q Q Q Q 440 764 3,480

Currently Unoccupied .................................. 1,769 1,769 N N N N N N

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 12,750 6,274 8,028 10,814 8,898 8,356 10,595

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 7,108 4,633 5,589 7,737 6,278 6,146 8,035

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 964 796 676 1,294 1,593 2,482 5,480

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 390 304 475 544 696 1,052 2,431

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 Q Q Q 162 478 484 1,234

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 1,451 646 688 1,189 839 787 691

Other ............................................................ 2,322 345 Q Q 317 364 417 527

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 10,552 6,020 7,762 10,347 8,536 8,053 10,333

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 8,704 5,291 7,409 9,930 8,519 8,129 10,491

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 8,401 5,145 7,000 9,445 8,166 7,760 10,199

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 1,651 1,341 2,021 3,871 4,354 4,305 7,138

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 Q 230 477 645 544 436 544

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 Q 237 487 1,299 1,559 2,386 5,659

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 5,736 3,769 305 265 468 362 Q Q

1 to 50 .......................................................... 7,593 2,323 1,426 1,249 958 776 357 504

51 to 99 ........................................................ 10,745 2,174 732 1,304 1,848 1,137 1,206 2,344

100 ............................................................... 43,264 6,055 3,862 5,209 7,541 6,622 6,490 7,485

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 8,864 5,617 1,034 618 884 379 Q Q

1 to 50 .......................................................... 16,846 3,288 2,477 2,799 3,152 2,173 1,910 1,048

51 to 99 ........................................................ 16,966 1,843 734 1,977 2,714 2,510 2,639 4,550

100 ............................................................... 24,662 3,573 2,080 2,634 4,065 3,837 3,580 4,893

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 173 Q Q Q N N N N

1 to 50 .......................................................... 9,187 3,999 1,649 1,679 996 405 Q Q

51 to 99 ........................................................ 20,665 2,822 1,733 2,336 3,974 3,562 2,485 3,752

100 ............................................................... 34,233 4,404 2,869 3,930 5,844 4,931 5,526 6,729

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 3,080 2,983 Q Q N N N N

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 41
Fewer 

than 5 

Workers

5 to 9 

Workers

10 to 19 

Workers

20 to 49 

Workers

50 to 99 

Workers

100 to 249 

Workers

250 or

More

Workers

Table B11. Employment Size Category, Floorspace, 1999

Number of Workers

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 8,923 707 655 1,340 1,761 1,401 1,105 1,954

Furnaces ...................................................... 14,449 3,874 2,510 1,953 2,631 1,221 1,164 1,095

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 17,349 2,913 1,680 1,973 2,538 2,531 2,376 3,339

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 289 292 372 534 645 1,031 2,371

Boilers ......................................................... 19,522 1,840 1,285 1,771 2,739 3,234 3,706 4,948

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 25,743 3,005 1,788 3,002 4,935 4,416 4,172 4,426

Other ............................................................ 4,073 673 178 219 451 300 608 1,644

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 8,329 2,041 921 1,187 1,341 791 868 1,180

Heat Pumps ................................................. 9,147 753 677 1,267 1,688 1,493 1,027 2,243

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 14,276 2,568 1,226 2,037 2,138 2,046 1,940 2,322

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 Q Q Q 162 478 484 1,234

Central Chillers ............................................ 12,909 297 223 277 1,054 1,646 2,597 6,815

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 36,527 4,264 2,933 4,334 6,776 5,963 5,507 6,751

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 2,219 315 317 Q 394 365 360 335

Other ............................................................ 1,312 Q Q Q 210 Q 341 381

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 38,156 6,532 3,289 4,437 5,841 5,330 5,082 7,644

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 60,344 9,890 5,796 7,439 10,106 8,474 8,164 10,475

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 20,666 1,388 1,118 1,682 3,032 2,781 3,573 7,093

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 19,223 1,348 990 1,233 2,984 3,306 3,551 5,812

Halogen ....................................................... 17,926 1,448 880 1,482 2,585 2,539 3,003 5,989

Other ............................................................ 1,004 QQQQQQQ

Personal Computers

None ............................................................ 9,583 7,539 1,073 622 193 Q Q Q

1 to 4 ............................................................ 13,853 5,870 2,877 2,418 1,842 609 Q Q

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,528 329 1,662 1,850 1,811 639 Q Q

10 to 19 ........................................................ 7,514 Q 416 2,246 2,408 1,140 678 Q

20 to 49 ........................................................ 8,087 Q Q 584 2,949 2,408 1,541 281

50 to 99 ........................................................ 5,867 Q Q Q 1,103 2,240 1,563 626

100 to 249 .................................................... 6,818 Q Q Q 370 1,434 3,130 1,733

250 or More ................................................. 9,088 Q N Q Q 321 1,034 7,554

Photocopiers

None ............................................................ 21,631 10,918 3,493 2,574 2,309 1,176 844 316

One .............................................................. 12,928 2,797 2,060 3,138 2,987 1,407 347 Q

2 to 4 ............................................................ 15,620 567 746 2,215 4,616 3,863 2,800 812

5 to 9 ............................................................ 5,384 Q Q Q 782 1,352 1,940 1,187

10 or More ................................................... 11,774 QQQQ 1,100 2,426 8,086

Other Electronic Equipment

(more than one may apply)

Laser Printers .............................................. 46,567 3,246 3,323 5,128 8,881 8,004 7,714 10,271

FAX Machines ............................................. 54,764 5,336 4,881 6,981 10,031 8,696 8,259 10,580

Medical Diagnostic Equipment .................... 2,493 Q Q Q 148 220 412 1,502

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 19,994 1,386 1,450 1,959 2,813 2,860 3,629 5,897

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 42,035 5,143 3,536 4,587 6,666 6,415 6,220 9,468

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 18,286 1,891 934 1,676 2,509 3,136 3,092 5,050

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 42
Fewer 

than 5 

Workers

5 to 9 

Workers

10 to 19 

Workers

20 to 49 

Workers

50 to 99 

Workers

100 to 249 

Workers

250 or

More

Workers

Table B11. Employment Size Category, Floorspace, 1999

Number of Workers

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 39,969 7,086 4,313 5,451 7,017 5,890 4,819 5,394

Cooling ........................................................ 39,161 6,141 4,058 5,609 6,887 5,729 5,011 5,726

Lighting ........................................................ 51,083 9,745 5,555 6,640 8,834 7,390 6,343 6,576

Office Equipment ......................................... 9,063 Q Q 529 2,132 2,435 2,153 1,668

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 43
All

NongovernmentOwned

 Buildings

Owner 

Occupied

Nonowner 

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned 

Buildings Federal State Local

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 4,135 2,801 1,099 236 521 63 83 375

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 2,131 1,433 548 151 216 Q Q 175

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 1,006 693 250 Q 104 Q Q 70

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 618 431 172 15 91 Q 14 64

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 202 129 68 Q 55 Q 19 33

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 109 69 39 Q 36 Q 11 21

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 47 29 17 Q 13 2 3 8

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 18 13 4 Q 5 Q 2 3

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 5 5 1 Q 2 1 Q Q

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 133 107 25 N 195 Q 43 151

Food Sales .................................................. 174 174 132 42 N Q N N Q

Food Service ............................................... 349 336 242 94 N Q Q Q Q

Health Care ................................................. 127 119 77 42 N Q Q Q Q

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 9 6 Q N 2 Q Q Q

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 110 71 39 N Q Q Q Q

Lodging ........................................................ 153 142 125 17 N Q Q Q Q

Mercantile .................................................... 667 667 377 283 Q Q N Q Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 533 330 196 Q Q N N Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 133 47 87 N Q N Q N

Office ........................................................... 739 685 476 209 N 54 Q 6 37

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 240 203 31 Q 65 Q 5 52

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 Q Q Q N 49 Q 5 43

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 307 294 Q N N N N N

Service ........................................................ 478 421 275 146 N 57 6 Q 48

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 564 371 131 Q 40 Q Q Q

Other ............................................................ 102 89 63 25 N Q Q Q Q

Vacant ......................................................... 253 235 Q Q 161 Q Q Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 384 256 94 Q 35 Q Q 21

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 436 291 130 Q 63 Q 6 51

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 670 450 159 62 93 Q 24 54

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 581 377 172 Q 85 4 11 69

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 684 465 201 Q 90 Q 19 60

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 761 532 195 Q 85 Q 10 73

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 619 431 148 Q 71 Q 14 48

Floors

One .............................................................. 2,879 2,530 1,598 760 171 349 41 50 258

Two .............................................................. 1,168 1,068 805 222 41 100 Q 16 70

Three ........................................................... 420 379 270 88 Q 41 4 9 28

Four to Nine ................................................. 178 148 119 27 Q 30 4 8 19

Ten or More ................................................. 11 10 8 2 Q 1 0 1 Q

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 607 455 142 Q 80 Q 9 60

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 1,105 747 256 102 83 Q 14 58

South ........................................................... 1,762 1,585 1,083 431 71 177 25 32 120

West ............................................................ 1,021 839 516 270 53 182 16 28 137

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings

Table B12. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned Buildings, 

Number of Buildings, 1999

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 44
All

NongovernmentOwned

 Buildings

Owner 

Occupied

Nonowner 

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned 

Buildings Federal State Local

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings

Table B12. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned Buildings, 

Number of Buildings, 1999

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 2,187 1,463 488 236 189 Q 14 141

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 709 489 220 N 99 Q 11 86

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 587 435 152 N 96 Q 26 62

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 413 279 133 N 75 Q 13 51

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 135 64 72 N 39 Q 13 23

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 73 48 25 N 18 3 5 9

250 or More ................................................. 39 33 24 9 N 6 2 2 3

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 863 527 100 236 115 Q Q 97

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 967 662 305 N 189 Q 39 137

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 887 639 248 N 99 24 13 62

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 624 400 224 N 40 4 8 27

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 442 295 147 N 33 Q 7 24

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 352 278 74 N 46 4 15 28

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 140 139 N N 139 Q N N Q

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 113 96 Q Q 22 Q Q Q Q

Partially Vacant ............................................ 697 620 339 207 Q 77 Q 8 59

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 3,707 3,280 2,428 852 N 427 45 75 308

Number of Establishments

One .............................................................. 3,528 3,084 2,317 767 N 444 53 76 316

2 to 5 ............................................................ 688 631 395 236 N 58 Q 6 42

6 to 10 .......................................................... 114 111 58 54 N 3 Q Q Q

11 to 20 ........................................................ 48 47 14 33 N Q Q Q Q

More than 20 ............................................... 27 27 18 9 N Q Q Q Q

Currently Unoccupied .................................. 251 236 N N 236 Q Q Q Q

Multibuilding Facility Activity

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ........................................................ 3,295 3,097 2,050 854 193 198 7 24 167

College or University ................................... 70 53 48 Q Q 17 Q 15 Q

Primary or Secondary School ...................... 224 54 47 Q Q 170 Q 21 148

Office Complex ............................................ 134 115 64 45 Q 19 Q Q Q

Retail Complex ............................................ 181 175 74 95 Q Q N Q Q

Religious Campus or Complex .................... 186 186 181 Q N N N N N

Health Care Complex .................................. 72 50 35 Q Q 22 Q Q Q

Government Complex ................................. 61 Q Q Q N 61 27 Q 25

Other ............................................................ 434 405 301 74 Q 29 Q 6 14

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 3,898 2,747 1,069 82 498 54 83 361

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 2,366 1,605 719 43 304 24 52 228

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 386 311 75 Q 48 4 6 38

District Heat ................................................. 117 67 53 Q N 50 Q 20 19

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 21 13 Q N 29 Q 6 Q

Propane ....................................................... 451 415 355 57 Q 36 Q 9 26

Other ............................................................ 153 144 126 17 Q 9 Q Q Q

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 45
All

NongovernmentOwned

 Buildings

Owner 

Occupied

Nonowner 

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned 

Buildings Federal State Local

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings

Table B12. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned Buildings, 

Number of Buildings, 1999

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 3,544 2,525 980 40 471 54 79 339

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 3,172 2,246 900 Q 387 46 65 277

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 2,887 2,039 818 30 352 40 74 238

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 753 555 196 Q 105 5 19 81

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 141 97 44 N Q Q Q Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 129 113 15 Q 42 4 13 26

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 641 591 276 119 196 50 Q Q 36

1 to 50 .......................................................... 576 543 385 149 Q 33 Q Q 24

51 to 99 ........................................................ 627 572 393 175 Q 55 Q 17 31

100 ............................................................... 2,813 2,430 1,747 655 Q 383 40 60 284

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 1,097 963 555 199 209 134 Q 19 99

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,012 925 684 239 Q 87 Q 20 57

51 to 99 ........................................................ 751 669 459 206 Q 82 Q 23 52

100 ............................................................... 1,796 1,578 1,103 455 Q 218 28 22 167

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 34 34 Q Q N N N N N

1 to 50 .......................................................... 835 772 603 169 N 63 Q Q 35

51 to 99 ........................................................ 1,228 1,090 797 294 N 138 Q 34 92

100 ............................................................... 2,096 1,820 1,227 593 N 275 15 40 220

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 464 419 142 41 236 45 Q Q Q

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 492 410 266 143 Q 82 Q 19 45

Furnaces ...................................................... 1,460 1,391 1,009 366 Q 69 Q 8 53

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 894 795 576 211 Q 99 16 14 69

District Heat ................................................. 96 53 44 Q N 43 Q 13 18

Boilers ......................................................... 581 444 380 63 Q 137 8 27 102

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 1,347 1,188 779 390 Q 159 5 18 136

Other ............................................................ 185 161 125 36 Q 24 Q Q Q

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 676 639 483 152 Q 38 Q 4 20

Heat Pumps ................................................. 485 413 252 160 Q 73 Q 18 37

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 799 682 533 140 Q 116 5 19 92

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 21 13 Q N 29 Q 6 Q

Central Chillers ............................................ 130 87 72 14 Q 42 5 12 26

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 1,953 1,739 1,206 508 Q 214 9 29 176

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 136 127 64 63 N 9 Q Q Q

Other ............................................................ 49 45 41 4 N 4 Q Q Q

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 984 872 619 245 Q 112 Q 13 93

Cooling ........................................................ 1,085 983 651 324 Q 102 Q 17 78

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 46
All

NongovernmentOwned

 Buildings

Owner 

Occupied

Nonowner 

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned 

Buildings Federal State Local

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings

Table B12. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned Buildings, 

Number of Buildings, 1999

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 2,193 2,000 1,423 568 Q 193 20 33 140

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 3,778 3,335 2,355 970 Q 443 47 74 322

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 607 533 414 118 Q 74 6 19 49

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 430 342 258 84 N 87 5 18 64

Halogen ....................................................... 572 536 402 133 Q 36 2 9 25

Other ............................................................ 58 56 44 Q N Q Q Q Q

Personal Computers

None ............................................................ 1,617 1,503 981 304 218 114 Q Q 92

1 to 4 ............................................................ 1,636 1,506 1,076 428 Q 130 Q 18 93

5 to 9 ............................................................ 542 466 300 163 Q 76 Q Q 57

10 to 19 ........................................................ 403 335 230 93 Q 67 Q 15 50

20 to 49 ........................................................ 247 184 121 63 N 64 Q 11 43

50 to 99 ........................................................ 105 74 44 30 N 31 Q 9 21

100 to 249 .................................................... 71 42 29 12 N 29 2 12 15

250 or More ................................................. 36 26 20 6 N 10 2 3 5

Photocopiers

None ............................................................ 2,825 2,548 1,661 656 231 277 40 31 206

One .............................................................. 1,114 996 725 267 Q 117 Q 23 81

2 to 4 ............................................................ 540 443 328 115 Q 97 6 18 73

5 to 9 ............................................................ 102 83 47 37 N 19 Q 8 10

10 or More ................................................... 75 64 40 24 N 11 3 3 5

Other Electronic Equipment

(more than one may apply)

Laser Printers .............................................. 1,949 1,670 1,193 466 Q 280 38 56 185

FAX Machines ............................................. 2,807 2,533 1,748 774 Q 274 37 46 190

Medical Diagnostic Equipment .................... 86 78 57 21 N Q Q Q Q

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .................... 767 668 478 190 Q 99 5 19 75

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................................ 698 585 439 146 Q 113 Q 27 74

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 2,130 1,906 1,430 452 24 223 26 40 157

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 1,283 1,134 820 304 Q 149 19 20 110

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 550 463 330 129 Q 87 5 26 55

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 567 441 314 124 Q 126 18 25 82

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 2,786 2,388 1,728 639 Q 398 46 66 285

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 460 330 244 86 Q 131 16 29 85

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 843 726 489 237 Q 117 Q 16 88

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 2,167 1,880 1,288 591 Q 287 24 48 215

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 580 502 326 145 Q 77 3 21 53

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 47
All

NongovernmentOwned

 Buildings

Owner 

Occupied

Nonowner 

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned 

Buildings Federal State Local

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings

Table B12. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government-Owned Buildings, 

Number of Buildings, 1999

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 2,862 2,517 1,857 629 32 345 35 38 272

Cooling ........................................................ 2,622 2,339 1,654 660 Q 282 28 32 222

Lighting ........................................................ 3,675 3,255 2,309 946 N 420 43 67 310

Office Equipment ......................................... 184 115 76 39 N 69 Q 21 47

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 48
All

NongovernmentOwned

 Buildings

Owner 

Occupied

Nonowner 

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned 

Buildings Federal State Local

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 54,994 37,785 15,596 1,613 12,343 1,797 3,391 7,156

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 6,189 4,040 1,686 463 585 Q Q 467

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 7,466 5,179 1,827 Q 772 Q Q 509

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 9,655 6,736 2,656 264 1,498 177 233 1,088

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 7,264 4,577 2,496 Q 2,047 Q 732 1,200

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 7,571 4,723 2,775 Q 2,541 Q 732 1,487

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 6,509 4,097 2,374 Q 1,762 256 442 1,064

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 5,229 3,924 1,190 Q 1,622 Q 610 902

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 5,112 4,509 592 Q 1,516 641 Q Q

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 3,207 2,833 373 N 5,444 Q 1,712 3,655

Food Sales .................................................. 994 990 705 284 N Q N N Q

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 1,763 1,362 401 N Q Q Q Q

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 2,468 2,087 380 N 450 Q Q 243

 Inpatient ..................................................... 1,865 1,489 1,423 Q N 376 Q Q Q

 Outpatient .................................................. 1,053 979 664 315 N Q Q Q Q

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 4,100 3,614 486 N 421 Q 219 Q

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 10,380 5,308 5,031 Q Q N Q Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 4,766 4,757 2,729 1,986 Q Q N N Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 5,631 5,624 2,579 3,045 N Q N Q N

Office ........................................................... 12,044 10,482 7,435 3,047 N 1,562 600 380 582

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 2,775 2,321 411 Q 1,618 Q 461 980

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 Q Q Q N 1,013 Q 226 779

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 3,405 3,349 Q N N N N N

Service ........................................................ 3,388 2,532 1,710 822 N 856 297 Q 384

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 9,901 5,821 3,693 Q 576 Q Q Q

Other ............................................................ 1,222 1,082 773 310 N 139 Q Q Q

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 1,754 Q Q 1,143 Q Q Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 3,456 2,479 728 Q 579 Q Q 293

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 4,812 3,575 1,081 Q 1,633 Q 447 993

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 7,053 4,879 1,737 437 2,074 532 632 910

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 8,122 5,495 2,419 Q 2,745 364 742 1,639

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 9,907 6,795 2,960 Q 1,933 Q 599 1,174

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 12,507 8,364 3,855 Q 1,424 Q 315 990

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 9,138 6,198 2,817 Q 1,956 243 554 1,158

Floors

One .............................................................. 26,800 22,775 12,499 9,308 969 4,025 376 995 2,654

Two .............................................................. 16,985 14,366 10,848 3,256 262 2,619 235 538 1,846

Three ........................................................... 8,928 6,902 5,387 1,274 Q 2,026 207 665 1,154

Four to Nine ................................................. 10,180 7,201 5,979 1,134 Q 2,979 640 1,039 1,300

Ten or More ................................................. 4,445 3,750 3,073 623 Q 695 339 153 Q

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 9,542 7,143 2,286 Q 2,818 394 683 1,741

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 13,896 9,990 3,427 479 2,865 318 961 1,586

South ........................................................... 23,485 19,745 13,228 5,881 636 3,740 549 919 2,273

West ............................................................ 14,731 11,810 7,424 4,001 385 2,921 537 828 1,556

Table B13. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government Owned Buildings, 

Floorspace, 1999

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 49
All

NongovernmentOwned

 Buildings

Owner 

Occupied

Nonowner 

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned 

Buildings Federal State Local

Table B13. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government Owned Buildings, 

Floorspace, 1999

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 12,950 8,848 2,488 1,613 1,371 Q 263 946

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 5,432 3,765 1,667 N 893 Q 257 508

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 6,947 5,172 1,774 N 1,081 Q 300 683

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 8,480 5,390 3,090 N 2,334 288 573 1,473

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 6,431 3,470 2,961 N 2,467 Q 739 1,638

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 6,358 4,375 1,983 N 1,998 246 701 1,051

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 8,398 6,766 1,632 N 2,198 783 556 858

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 5,563 3,438 512 1,613 1,033 Q Q 849

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 9,889 6,718 3,171 N 3,216 302 863 2,050

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 11,920 8,103 3,818 N 2,280 372 671 1,236

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 10,671 7,204 3,467 N 1,786 210 538 1,039

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 7,381 4,533 2,849 N 1,734 Q 435 1,128

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 9,569 7,789 1,780 N 2,294 631 808 855

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 953 922 N N 922 Q N N Q

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 956 832 Q Q 221 Q Q Q Q

Partially Vacant ............................................ 15,520 13,410 8,450 4,490 Q 2,111 277 730 1,103

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 49,910 39,831 29,012 10,819 N 10,078 1,444 2,652 5,983

Number of Establishments

One .............................................................. 43,343 33,290 25,947 7,343 N 10,053 1,373 2,818 5,862

2 to 5 ............................................................ 10,582 9,077 5,371 3,706 N 1,505 332 307 865

6 to 10 .......................................................... 3,574 3,369 1,699 1,670 N 205 Q Q Q

11 to 20 ........................................................ 3,260 3,097 1,336 1,761 N Q Q Q Q

More than 20 ............................................... 4,811 4,549 3,433 1,116 N Q Q Q Q

Currently Unoccupied .................................. 1,769 1,613 N N 1,613 Q Q Q Q

Multibuilding Facility Activity

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ........................................................ 41,289 35,892 24,040 10,524 1,328 5,396 417 1,140 3,839

College or University ................................... 2,605 1,653 1,562 Q Q 952 Q 835 Q

Primary or Secondary School ...................... 3,388 1,091 1,042 Q Q 2,296 Q 650 1,637

Office Complex ............................................ 3,353 3,014 2,035 958 Q 338 Q Q Q

Retail Complex ............................................ 3,555 3,456 1,547 1,889 Q Q N Q Q

Religious Campus or Complex .................... 1,907 1,907 1,817 Q N N N N N

Health Care Complex .................................. 2,339 1,736 1,571 Q Q 604 230 Q 235

Government Complex ................................. 1,513 Q Q Q N 1,498 728 Q 630

Other ............................................................ 7,389 6,230 4,166 1,855 Q 1,160 220 424 515

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 53,640 37,506 15,441 693 12,076 1,711 3,382 6,983

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 37,026 25,597 10,968 461 8,500 997 2,253 5,250

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 9,893 8,284 1,605 Q 3,392 748 822 1,823

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 3,333 2,907 426 N 2,559 827 1,187 546

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 1,560 1,325 Q N 1,190 368 407 415

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 5,305 4,051 1,244 Q 985 Q 286 629

Other ............................................................ 2,322 1,864 1,486 358 Q 458 Q Q Q

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 50
All

NongovernmentOwned

 Buildings

Owner 

Occupied

Nonowner 

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned 

Buildings Federal State Local

Table B13. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government Owned Buildings, 

Floorspace, 1999

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 49,916 35,287 14,279 349 11,687 1,715 3,318 6,653

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 47,858 33,473 14,013 Q 10,616 1,525 2,962 6,129

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 45,444 31,903 13,158 383 10,670 1,477 3,111 6,082

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 18,531 14,039 4,458 Q 6,150 838 1,535 3,778

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 2,708 1,619 1,089 N Q Q Q Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 8,847 7,264 1,558 Q 3,035 758 907 1,370

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 5,736 5,079 2,498 1,317 1,264 657 Q Q 504

1 to 50 .......................................................... 7,593 7,105 4,711 2,314 Q 488 Q Q 298

51 to 99 ........................................................ 10,745 9,043 6,527 2,504 Q 1,702 317 584 802

100 ............................................................... 43,264 33,768 24,049 9,461 Q 9,496 1,315 2,628 5,553

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 8,864 7,137 4,313 1,583 1,241 1,727 Q 428 1,027

1 to 50 .......................................................... 16,846 13,844 9,562 4,198 Q 3,002 Q 894 1,847

51 to 99 ........................................................ 16,966 13,579 9,718 3,828 Q 3,387 514 1,056 1,816

100 ............................................................... 24,662 20,435 14,193 5,986 Q 4,227 749 1,012 2,466

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 173 173 Q Q N N N N N

1 to 50 .......................................................... 9,187 8,569 6,878 1,692 N 618 Q Q 315

51 to 99 ........................................................ 20,665 16,036 11,478 4,558 N 4,629 454 1,441 2,734

100 ............................................................... 34,233 27,659 18,582 9,077 N 6,575 1,058 1,827 3,689

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 3,080 2,558 708 237 1,613 522 Q Q Q

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 8,923 7,187 5,195 1,974 Q 1,736 Q 435 1,125

Furnaces ...................................................... 14,449 13,202 9,424 3,681 Q 1,247 Q 244 844

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 17,349 14,235 10,218 3,933 Q 3,114 674 787 1,653

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 3,072 2,695 377 N 2,462 827 1,102 534

Boilers ......................................................... 19,522 13,132 11,042 2,041 Q 6,390 588 1,561 4,242

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 25,743 22,108 13,998 7,945 Q 3,635 249 1,108 2,279

Other ............................................................ 4,073 3,607 2,828 735 Q 466 Q 202 Q

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 8,329 7,313 5,683 1,623 Q 1,016 Q 173 684

Heat Pumps ................................................. 9,147 7,445 5,284 2,143 Q 1,702 Q 354 1,194

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 14,276 10,593 8,343 2,046 Q 3,683 623 646 2,414

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 1,560 1,325 Q N 1,190 368 407 415

Central Chillers ............................................ 12,909 8,984 7,474 1,482 Q 3,926 804 1,260 1,861

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 36,527 30,779 20,641 9,842 Q 5,748 728 1,508 3,511

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 2,219 1,610 945 665 N 609 Q Q Q

Other ............................................................ 1,312 1,145 989 156 N 167 Q Q Q

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 13,220 11,270 7,591 3,617 Q 1,950 Q 389 1,483

Cooling ........................................................ 17,390 14,186 9,617 4,491 Q 3,204 387 922 1,895

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 51
All

NongovernmentOwned

 Buildings

Owner 

Occupied

Nonowner 

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned 

Buildings Federal State Local

Table B13. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government Owned Buildings, 

Floorspace, 1999

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 38,156 31,544 23,612 7,849 Q 6,612 937 1,837 3,838

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 60,344 48,959 34,331 14,462 Q 11,385 1,653 3,186 6,547

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 20,666 16,731 13,325 3,377 Q 3,935 679 1,203 2,054

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 19,223 13,702 10,325 3,376 N 5,521 685 1,631 3,206

Halogen ....................................................... 17,926 15,034 11,336 3,668 Q 2,892 411 899 1,582

Other ............................................................ 1,004 823 665 Q N Q Q Q Q

Personal Computers

None ............................................................ 9,583 8,678 5,680 1,643 1,354 906 Q Q 683

1 to 4 ............................................................ 13,853 12,564 8,657 3,851 Q 1,288 Q 368 793

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,528 5,864 3,670 2,168 Q 664 Q Q 415

10 to 19 ........................................................ 7,514 6,527 4,232 2,118 Q 987 Q 333 607

20 to 49 ........................................................ 8,087 6,394 4,173 2,221 N 1,693 Q 389 1,063

50 to 99 ........................................................ 5,867 4,208 2,566 1,642 N 1,659 Q 531 1,058

100 to 249 .................................................... 6,818 4,346 3,342 1,004 N 2,472 211 780 1,481

250 or More ................................................. 9,088 6,414 5,467 947 N 2,674 838 780 1,056

Photocopiers

None ............................................................ 21,631 18,933 11,799 5,592 1,541 2,698 302 655 1,742

One .............................................................. 12,928 11,141 8,151 2,926 Q 1,787 Q 524 1,077

2 to 4 ............................................................ 15,620 11,904 8,583 3,314 Q 3,716 362 948 2,406

5 to 9 ............................................................ 5,384 3,812 2,341 1,471 N 1,572 Q 455 971

10 or More ................................................... 11,774 9,204 6,912 2,292 N 2,570 802 808 960

Other Electronic Equipment

(more than one may apply)

Laser Printers .............................................. 46,567 36,966 26,002 10,870 Q 9,601 1,588 2,708 5,305

FAX Machines ............................................. 54,764 44,675 30,954 13,591 Q 10,088 1,578 2,706 5,805

Medical Diagnostic Equipment .................... 2,493 2,099 1,845 254 N 394 Q Q 215

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .................... 23,328 17,300 13,104 4,179 Q 6,028 808 1,512 3,708

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................................ 21,793 16,229 12,862 3,350 Q 5,564 644 1,693 3,227

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 38,193 31,154 23,284 7,556 314 7,039 987 1,979 4,073

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 29,915 24,218 17,092 6,985 Q 5,698 860 1,547 3,291

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 19,387 14,961 11,395 3,560 Q 4,425 759 1,422 2,244

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 21,256 15,806 11,650 4,140 Q 5,450 1,153 1,738 2,559

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 53,395 42,540 30,270 12,105 Q 10,855 1,636 3,135 6,084

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 21,613 15,140 11,878 3,252 Q 6,473 1,201 2,060 3,211

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 19,994 15,640 11,384 4,247 Q 4,354 805 1,091 2,458

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 42,035 33,247 23,537 9,680 Q 8,789 1,332 2,501 4,957

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 18,286 14,429 10,683 3,537 Q 3,857 512 1,254 2,091

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 52
All

NongovernmentOwned

 Buildings

Owner 

Occupied

Nonowner 

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned 

Buildings Federal State Local

Table B13. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government Owned Buildings, 

Floorspace, 1999

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 39,969 31,903 22,534 9,112 258 8,066 978 2,012 5,076

Cooling ........................................................ 39,161 31,707 21,722 9,679 Q 7,454 871 1,825 4,758

Lighting ........................................................ 51,083 41,690 28,512 13,178 N 9,394 1,069 2,521 5,804

Office Equipment ......................................... 9,063 5,637 4,010 1,627 N 3,426 Q 963 2,339

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 53
One

Two to

Five

Six to

Ten

Eleven to 

Twenty

More than 

Twenty

Currently 

Unoccupied

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 3,528 688 114 48 27 251

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 1,897 272 Q Q Q 164

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 802 222 17 Q Q Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 506 121 51 12 Q 17

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 184 33 15 15 Q Q

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 88 26 12 12 6 Q

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 34 10 4 6 5 Q

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 14 3222 Q

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 3 1 Q Q 3 Q

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 302 24 Q Q Q N

Food Sales .................................................. 174 161 Q N N Q N

Food Service ............................................... 349 315 Q Q N N N

Health Care ................................................. 127 94 27 Q 2 Q N

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 10 QQQQ N

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 84 26 Q Q Q N

Lodging ........................................................ 153 143 10 Q N Q N

Mercantile .................................................... 667 450 131 53 17 8 Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 449 69 Q Q Q Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 Q 62 46 17 8 N

Office ........................................................... 739 475 206 34 17 8 N

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 262 27 Q Q Q Q

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 60 Q Q Q N N

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 286 20 Q N N N

Service ........................................................ 478 362 110 Q Q N Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 452 69 7 Q Q Q

Other ............................................................ 102 89 QQQQ N

Vacant ......................................................... 253 77 Q Q Q N 169

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 312 64 Q Q Q 36

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 384 84 Q Q 1 22

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 581 100 Q Q Q 62

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 524 81 9 5 Q Q

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 591 124 22 15 4 Q

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 605 138 47 15 7 Q

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 531 98 10 7 3 Q

Floors

One .............................................................. 2,879 2,231 379 52 25 13 179

Two .............................................................. 1,168 873 191 41 10 6 48

Three ........................................................... 420 308 74 Q 3 Q Q

Four to Nine ................................................. 178 112 43 8 7 5 Q

Ten or More ................................................. 11 4 1123 Q

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 531 113 15 8 4 Q

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 860 190 22 7 4 103

South ........................................................... 1,762 1,392 231 41 17 9 72

West ............................................................ 1,021 745 154 36 16 Q 60

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................................ 525 414 82 Q Q Q Q

 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................................... 986 727 158 14 8 6 73

 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................................... 1,085 793 180 32 7 7 66

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 1,134 868 146 48 18 4 Q

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 926 725 123 16 11 Q 39

Table B14. Number of Establishments in Building, Number of Buildings, 1999

Number of Establishments in Building

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 54
One

Two to

Five

Six to

Ten

Eleven to 

Twenty

More than 

Twenty

Currently 

Unoccupied

Table B14. Number of Establishments in Building, Number of Buildings, 1999

Number of Establishments in Building

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 1,891 208 Q Q Q 251

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 610 193 Q Q Q N

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 520 149 13 Q Q N

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 344 92 41 10 Q N

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 89 30 27 22 6 N

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 54 12 9 10 5 N

250 or More ................................................. 39 19 5348 N

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 4,135 3,084 631 111 47 27 236

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 2,801 2,317 395 58 14 18 N

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 1,099 767 236 54 33 9 N

 Unoccupied ............................................... 236 N N N N N 236

Government Owned .................................... 521 444 58 3 Q Q Q

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 140 N N N N N 140

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 113 77 Q Q Q N 29

Partially Vacant ............................................ 697 400 137 44 21 13 82

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 3,707 3,051 549 66 26 15 N

Multibuilding Facility Activity

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ........................................................ 3,295 2,446 532 58 33 19 207

College or University ................................... 70 66 3 Q Q Q Q

Primary or Secondary School ...................... 224 221 Q N N Q Q

Office Complex ............................................ 134 78 35 10 3 1 Q

Retail Complex ............................................ 181 113 26 29 6 2 Q

Religious Campus or Complex .................... 186 170 Q N Q N N

Health Care Complex .................................. 72 50 QQQQ Q

Government Complex ................................. 61 49 Q Q Q N N

Other ............................................................ 434 335 47 Q Q Q Q

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 3,437 680 113 48 27 90

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 2,038 459 79 23 19 50

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 346 71 5 5 6 Q

District Heat ................................................. 117 101 7 Q 1 1 N

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 44 3 Q Q Q N

Propane ....................................................... 451 397 43 Q Q Q Q

Other ............................................................ 153 140 QQQQ Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 3,138 661 103 43 24 48

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 2,711 637 106 46 25 34

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 2,507 538 96 37 23 38

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 673 106 44 17 16 Q

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 125 12 Q Q Q N

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 141 16 5 5 4 Q

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 492 355 109 17 7 3 Q

Furnaces ...................................................... 1,460 1,132 282 22 7 1 Q

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 894 713 144 14 Q 3 Q

District Heat ................................................. 96 80 6 Q Q 1 N

Boilers ......................................................... 581 479 71 10 7 Q Q

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 1,347 1,012 224 59 23 10 Q

Other ............................................................ 185 149 22 Q 3 2 Q

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 55
One

Two to

Five

Six to

Ten

Eleven to 

Twenty

More than 

Twenty

Currently 

Unoccupied

Table B14. Number of Establishments in Building, Number of Buildings, 1999

Number of Establishments in Building

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 676 506 149 Q 4 2 Q

Heat Pumps ................................................. 485 339 118 18 7 3 Q

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 799 612 151 Q Q 3 Q

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 44 3 Q Q Q N

Central Chillers ............................................ 130 92 16 4 5 11 Q

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 1,953 1,469 322 84 31 14 Q

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 136 124 8 Q Q Q N

Other ............................................................ 49 44 QQQQ N

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 2,193 1,746 329 61 29 19 Q

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 3,778 2,965 628 105 44 25 Q

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 607 451 108 28 11 9 Q

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 430 322 74 18 5 Q N

Halogen ....................................................... 572 425 98 31 9 8 Q

Other ............................................................ 58 41 QQQQ N

Personal Computers

None ............................................................ 1,617 1,248 120 Q Q Q 233

1 to 4 ............................................................ 1,636 1,323 268 34 Q Q Q

5 to 9 ............................................................ 542 385 136 14 Q Q Q

10 to 19 ........................................................ 403 271 78 32 7 Q Q

20 to 49 ........................................................ 247 174 47 11 11 Q N

50 to 99 ........................................................ 105 59 24 8 10 3 Q

100 to 249 .................................................... 71 45 10 6 5 4 N

250 or More ................................................. 36 23 4235 N

Photocopiers

None ............................................................ 2,825 2,231 295 30 14 Q 246

One .............................................................. 1,114 888 177 40 Q Q Q

2 to 4 ............................................................ 540 346 167 13 9 5 Q

5 to 9 ............................................................ 102 41 42 15 4 Q N

10 or More ................................................... 75 22 8 16 18 11 N

Other Electronic Equipment

(more than one may apply)

Laser Printers .............................................. 1,949 1,421 377 81 41 18 Q

FAX Machines ............................................. 2,807 2,076 552 101 47 20 Q

Medical Diagnostic Equipment .................... 86 53 26 Q 2 Q N

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 56
One

Two to

Five

Six to

Ten

Eleven to 

Twenty

More than 

Twenty

Currently 

Unoccupied

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 43,343 10,582 3,574 3,260 4,811 1,769

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 5,358 857 Q Q Q 512

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 5,952 1,630 137 Q Q Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 7,812 1,982 784 Q Q 296

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 6,720 1,220 550 494 Q Q

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 6,063 1,833 845 839 432 Q

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 4,798 1,453 480 790 690 Q

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 4,126 931 498 455 702 Q

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 2,514 676 Q 416 2,771 Q

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 7,947 657 Q Q Q N

Food Sales .................................................. 994 808 Q N N Q N

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 1,638 Q Q N N N

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 2,139 341 Q 157 Q N

 Inpatient ..................................................... 1,865 1,611 Q Q Q Q N

 Outpatient .................................................. 1,053 529 195 Q Q Q N

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 3,724 617 Q N Q N

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 3,831 1,618 1,387 1,205 2,315 Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 4,766 3,756 783 Q Q Q Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 5,631 Q 836 1,261 1,171 2,289 N

Office ........................................................... 12,044 5,073 2,502 1,369 1,395 1,705 N

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 3,122 821 Q Q Q Q

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 773 320 Q Q N N

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 3,016 373 Q N N N

Service ........................................................ 3,388 2,674 672 Q Q N Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 7,097 2,104 313 Q Q Q

Other ............................................................ 1,222 913 Q Q Q Q N

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 586 Q Q Q N 1,217

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 2,804 593 Q Q Q 261

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 4,327 1,236 Q Q 255 234

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 6,244 1,543 Q Q Q 468

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 7,779 1,279 496 321 766 Q

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 7,185 1,798 663 947 1,091 Q

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 7,382 2,388 1,251 988 1,622 Q

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 7,622 1,745 485 498 621 Q

Floors

One .............................................................. 26,800 17,636 4,381 1,480 1,351 918 1,035

Two .............................................................. 16,985 11,651 2,655 738 425 1,193 324

Three ........................................................... 8,928 6,346 1,517 301 189 Q Q

Four to Nine ................................................. 10,180 6,313 1,555 737 696 779 Q

Ten or More ................................................. 4,445 1,398 475 317 599 1,603 Q

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 7,665 2,186 494 705 1,159 Q

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 11,299 2,900 571 579 864 548

South ........................................................... 23,485 14,723 3,421 1,440 1,239 2,000 662

West ............................................................ 14,731 9,655 2,075 1,068 738 788 407

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................................ 5,890 4,124 1,099 Q Q Q Q

 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................................... 17,083 11,387 2,746 590 776 1,162 422

 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................................... 16,243 10,037 2,864 888 696 1,349 409

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 16,333 10,345 2,323 1,278 833 1,024 531

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 11,788 7,449 1,549 617 753 1,134 285

Table B15. Number of Establishments in Building, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Number of Establishments in Building

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 57
One

Two to

Five

Six to

Ten

Eleven to 

Twenty

More than 

Twenty

Currently 

Unoccupied

Table B15. Number of Establishments in Building, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Number of Establishments in Building

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 10,723 1,619 Q Q Q 1,769

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 4,718 1,459 Q Q Q N

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 6,063 1,701 216 Q Q N

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 7,280 2,204 918 389 Q N

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 5,111 1,554 773 1,021 440 N

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 4,796 1,053 752 992 764 N

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 4,651 992 683 789 3,480 N

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 54,994 33,290 9,077 3,369 3,097 4,549 1,613

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 37,785 25,947 5,371 1,699 1,336 3,433 N

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 15,596 7,343 3,706 1,670 1,761 1,116 N

 Unoccupied ............................................... 1,613 N N N N N 1,613

Government Owned .................................... 12,343 10,053 1,505 205 Q Q Q

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 953 N N N N N 953

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 956 586 Q Q Q N 264

Partially Vacant ............................................ 15,520 5,698 2,238 1,700 1,821 3,513 552

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 49,910 37,058 8,276 1,850 1,427 1,298 N

Multibuilding Facility Activity

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ........................................................ 41,289 26,162 6,621 1,770 2,047 3,271 1,419

College or University ................................... 2,605 2,336 186 Q Q Q Q

Primary or Secondary School ...................... 3,388 3,229 Q N N Q Q

Office Complex ............................................ 3,353 1,220 787 533 463 284 Q

Retail Complex ............................................ 3,555 1,035 466 799 396 839 Q

Religious Campus or Complex .................... 1,907 1,665 Q N Q N N

Health Care Complex .................................. 2,339 1,673 334 Q Q Q Q

Government Complex ................................. 1,513 1,025 400 Q Q N N

Other ............................................................ 7,389 4,998 1,439 263 Q Q Q

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 42,839 10,442 3,568 3,260 4,809 797

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 29,717 7,439 2,463 1,786 3,596 525

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 8,327 1,795 481 810 1,861 Q

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 4,149 559 331 171 681 N

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,117 207 Q Q Q N

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 4,921 728 Q Q Q Q

Other ............................................................ 2,322 1,676 Q Q Q Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 40,297 10,038 3,289 2,993 4,563 422

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 37,062 9,632 3,453 3,168 4,741 417

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 36,207 8,866 3,191 2,828 4,595 427

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 14,870 3,143 1,541 1,611 3,483 Q

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 2,094 524 Q Q Q N

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 7,109 1,523 537 761 1,927 Q

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 8,923 5,009 1,741 529 559 1,067 Q

Furnaces ...................................................... 14,449 10,187 3,020 420 346 378 Q

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 17,349 11,358 3,263 652 690 1,294 Q

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 3,847 517 331 Q 681 N

Boilers ......................................................... 19,522 13,385 2,861 787 821 1,592 Q

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 25,743 15,436 3,885 1,967 1,615 2,656 Q

Other ............................................................ 4,073 2,266 464 Q 280 830 Q

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 58
One

Two to

Five

Six to

Ten

Eleven to 

Twenty

More than 

Twenty

Currently 

Unoccupied

Table B15. Number of Establishments in Building, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Number of Establishments in Building

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 8,329 5,833 1,554 190 230 516 Q

Heat Pumps ................................................. 9,147 5,058 1,869 584 556 1,062 Q

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 14,276 10,302 2,282 427 398 656 Q

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,117 207 Q Q Q N

Central Chillers ............................................ 12,909 7,088 1,609 681 833 2,651 Q

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 36,527 22,190 5,848 2,742 2,154 3,260 Q

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 2,219 1,662 223 Q Q Q N

Other ............................................................ 1,312 820 Q Q Q Q N

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 38,156 24,358 5,930 2,026 2,219 3,540 Q

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 60,344 39,064 9,845 3,393 3,126 4,750 Q

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 20,666 11,751 3,131 1,386 1,205 3,165 Q

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 19,223 12,406 2,730 856 692 2,539 N

Halogen ....................................................... 17,926 10,103 2,625 1,168 1,026 2,974 Q

Other ............................................................ 1,004 499 Q Q Q Q N

Personal Computers

None ............................................................ 9,583 6,911 951 Q Q Q 1,498

1 to 4 ............................................................ 13,853 10,377 2,558 535 Q Q Q

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,528 4,408 1,497 329 Q Q Q

10 to 19 ........................................................ 7,514 4,351 1,568 654 376 Q Q

20 to 49 ........................................................ 8,087 5,115 1,488 504 669 310 N

50 to 99 ........................................................ 5,867 3,540 846 372 543 555 Q

100 to 249 .................................................... 6,818 3,795 859 522 563 1,079 N

250 or More ................................................. 9,088 4,845 814 537 669 2,224 N

Photocopiers

None ............................................................ 21,631 15,084 2,969 828 609 455 1,685

One .............................................................. 12,928 10,025 2,011 555 Q Q Q

2 to 4 ............................................................ 15,620 10,518 3,419 536 473 656 Q

5 to 9 ............................................................ 5,384 3,160 1,139 482 272 Q N

10 or More ................................................... 11,774 4,555 1,044 1,172 1,817 3,187 N

Other Electronic Equipment

(more than one may apply)

Laser Printers .............................................. 46,567 28,624 7,497 2,882 2,963 4,495 Q

FAX Machines ............................................. 54,764 33,961 9,305 3,398 3,233 4,725 Q

Medical Diagnostic Equipment .................... 2,493 1,727 328 Q 157 Q N

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 59
All Buildings

With Central 

Physical Plant All Buildings

With Central 

Physical Plant

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 1,362 142 67,338 26,049 7,101

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 604 Q 6,774 1,706 Q

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 297 Q 8,238 2,211 Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 253 26 11,153 3,965 464

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 104 26 9,311 3,728 901

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 63 17 10,112 4,498 1,274

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 27 8 8,271 3,799 1,159

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 10 5 6,851 3,107 1,538

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 3 2 6,628 3,036 1,484

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 229 38 8,651 4,574 1,812

Food Sales .................................................. 174 Q Q 994 Q Q

Food Service ............................................... 349 38 Q 1,851 271 Q

Health Care ................................................. 127 29 8 2,918 1,823 1,100

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 5 3 1,865 1,401 963

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 24 Q 1,053 423 137

Lodging ........................................................ 153 88 23 4,521 1,751 735

Mercantile .................................................... 667 112 Q 10,398 2,995 Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 73 Q 4,766 861 Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 39 Q 5,631 2,134 Q

Office ........................................................... 739 229 21 12,044 4,769 1,280

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 121 18 4,393 2,093 904

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 22 3 1,168 529 206

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 108 Q 3,405 1,276 Q

Service ........................................................ 478 63 Q 3,388 818 Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 234 Q 10,477 3,987 Q

Other ............................................................ 102 22 Q 1,222 519 253

Vacant ......................................................... 253 53 Q 1,908 514 Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 94 20 4,034 1,038 413

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 129 21 6,445 2,331 579

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 200 30 9,127 3,484 1,360

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 191 26 10,866 4,385 1,894

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 228 14 11,840 5,040 1,255

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 322 23 13,931 5,871 916

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 199 8 11,094 3,901 684

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 150 33 12,360 4,037 1,418

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 250 28 16,761 5,826 1,721

South ........................................................... 1,762 544 30 23,485 9,207 1,649

West ............................................................ 1,021 418 51 14,731 6,978 2,313

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 620 42 14,321 4,556 576

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 190 16 6,325 2,124 370

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 210 31 8,028 2,442 534

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 219 20 10,814 4,535 841

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 63 14 8,898 3,645 730

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 40 10 8,356 3,561 1,332

250 or More ................................................. 39 21 9 10,595 5,185 2,718

Table B16. Multibuilding Facilities, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Buildings on 

Multibuilding Facilities

Buildings on 

Multibuilding Facilities

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All Buildings All Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 60
All Buildings

With Central 

Physical Plant All Buildings

With Central 

Physical Plant

Table B16. Multibuilding Facilities, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Buildings on 

Multibuilding Facilities

Buildings on 

Multibuilding Facilities

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All Buildings All Buildings

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 301 Q 6,596 2,207 Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 325 43 13,105 5,113 1,022

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 288 22 14,200 5,255 1,171

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 184 18 12,458 4,500 1,186

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 93 8 9,116 3,412 935

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 171 42 11,863 5,562 2,657

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 4,135 1,038 79 54,994 19,102 3,929

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 2,801 751 65 37,785 13,745 3,395

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 1,099 244 13 15,596 5,072 495

 Unoccupied ............................................... 236 43 Q 1,613 285 Q

Government Owned .................................... 521 324 64 12,343 6,947 3,172

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 140 Q Q 953 Q Q

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 113 36 Q 956 361 Q

Partially Vacant ............................................ 697 263 17 15,520 6,196 1,484

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 3,707 1,047 124 49,910 19,339 5,546

Multibuilding Facility Activity

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ........................................................ 3,295 N N 41,289 N N

College or University ................................... 70 70 53 2,605 2,605 2,064

Primary or Secondary School ...................... 224 224 25 3,388 3,388 899

Office Complex ............................................ 134 134 3 3,353 3,353 583

Retail Complex ............................................ 181 181 Q 3,555 3,555 Q

Religious Campus or Complex .................... 186 186 Q 1,907 1,907 Q

Health Care Complex .................................. 72 72 16 2,339 2,339 1,303

Government Complex ................................. 61 61 19 1,513 1,513 731

Other ............................................................ 434 434 15 7,389 7,389 1,140

Central Plant that Produces

District Hot Water ........................................ 97 97 97 4,468 4,468 4,468

District Steam .............................................. 91 91 91 4,409 4,409 4,409

District Chilled Water ................................... 88 88 88 4,951 4,951 4,951

Electricity ..................................................... 32 32 32 1,377 1,377 1,377

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 1,262 141 65,716 25,399 7,075

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 663 67 45,525 16,613 4,161

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 98 18 13,285 5,401 2,321

District Heat ................................................. 117 85 69 5,891 4,318 3,617

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 47 35 2,750 2,441 2,066

Propane ....................................................... 451 112 4 6,290 2,041 396

Other ............................................................ 153 19 Q 2,322 681 Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 1,139 138 61,602 23,532 6,842

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 993 115 58,474 22,088 6,270

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 878 126 56,115 21,410 6,378

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 187 32 24,681 9,202 3,171

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 25 Q 3,126 983 Q

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy 

Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 61
Electricity

Natural 

Gas Fuel Oil

District 

Heat

District 

Chilled 

Water Propane Other

a

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 4,403 4,395 2,670 434 117 50 451 153

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 2,193 2,186 1,193 220 Q Q 215 93

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 1,036 1,036 684 74 Q Q 124 Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 689 688 448 65 24 Q 74 19

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 253 253 176 28 19 7 17 7

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 143 143 103 22 13 7 13 5

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 59 59 42 13 7 5 6 Q

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 23 23 18 9 3 2 2 Q

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 7 7 5 4 2 1 1Q

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 327 327 225 19 37 Q 17 7

Food Sales .................................................. 174 173 173 88 Q Q N Q Q

Food Service ............................................... 349 349 349 246 Q Q Q 78 Q

Health Care ................................................. 127 127 127 73 14 3 2 Q Q

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 11 11 9 9 3 2 QQ

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 116 116 63 Q Q Q Q Q

Lodging ........................................................ 153 153 153 104 7 18 Q 20 Q

Mercantile .................................................... 667 667 667 439 87 Q Q 37 38

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 534 534 350 76 Q Q 30 Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 133 133 89 Q N Q 7 Q

Office ........................................................... 739 738 738 452 88 20 6 30 4

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 299 299 187 24 15 Q 52 Q

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 64 64 31 20 3 Q Q Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 307 307 214 22 Q Q 62 Q

Service ........................................................ 478 472 472 277 80 Q Q 43 Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 496 496 226 18 Q Q 50 Q

Other ............................................................ 102 98 98 40 Q Q Q Q Q

Vacant ......................................................... 253 130 123 68 Q Q N Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 364 363 291 53 20 Q Q Q

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 480 480 329 55 9 2 45 Q

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 724 716 426 109 21 5 65 36

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 628 628 406 65 18 7 72 12

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 758 758 481 37 Q Q 66 24

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 781 781 389 70 16 Q 89 39

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 669 669 349 45 15 4 94 Q

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 640 639 311 218 31 2 112 21

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 1,113 1,113 874 48 25 14 109 37

South ........................................................... 1,762 1,689 1,689 820 138 39 Q 167 64

West ............................................................ 1,021 961 954 665 30 22 13 62 Q

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................................ 525 491 491 329 73 3 Q 94 Q

 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................................... 986 924 924 652 123 22 6 91 29

 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................................... 1,085 1,029 1,029 551 185 46 Q 130 53

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 1,134 1,077 1,070 727 19 14 7 64 16

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 926 882 882 410 34 33 23 72 48

Table B17. Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1999

Energy Sources Used (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings 

Using Any 

Energy 

Source

All

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 62
Electricity

Natural 

Gas Fuel Oil

District 

Heat

District 

Chilled 

Water Propane Other

a

Table B17. Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1999

Energy Sources Used (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All 

Buildings 

Using Any 

Energy 

Source

All

Buildings

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 2,129 2,121 1,151 182 38 Q 215 83

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 800 800 560 95 18 Q 71 Q

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 683 683 424 54 15 Q 74 Q

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 487 487 321 54 12 3 73 23

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 174 174 118 17 19 10 11 5

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 90 90 67 18 9 4 6 Q

250 or More ................................................. 39 39 39 28 15 7 5 2 1

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 777 770 376 65 Q Q 135 Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 1,147 1,147 673 102 41 Q 98 36

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 980 980 651 110 18 13 55 42

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 649 649 447 63 17 6 56 29

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 459 459 285 29 14 4 69 Q

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 390 390 238 65 26 11 39 Q

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 4,135 3,905 3,898 2,366 386 67 21 415 144

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 2,801 2,747 2,747 1,605 311 53 13 355 126

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 1,099 1,069 1,069 719 75 Q Q 57 17

 Unoccupied ............................................... 236 89 82 43 Q N N Q Q

Government Owned .................................... 521 498 498 304 48 50 29 36 9

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 140 51 44 Q N N N Q N

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 113 80 79 40 Q Q N Q Q

Partially Vacant ............................................ 697 636 636 370 51 Q Q 57 Q

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 3,707 3,636 3,636 2,232 376 94 36 390 129

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 4,395 4,395 2,663 434 117 50 451 153

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 2,670 2,663 2,670 91 52 21 35 59

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 434 434 91 434 8 3 80 26

District Heat ................................................. 117 117 117 52 8 117 43 Q Q

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 50 50 21 3 43 50 Q Q

Propane ....................................................... 451 451 451 35 80 Q Q 451 36

Other ............................................................ 153 153 153 59 26 Q Q 36 153

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 4,016 4,008 2,588 432 116 49 434 149

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 3,560 3,560 2,335 302 97 50 318 107

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 3,239 3,239 2,191 288 101 37 334 89

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 857 857 615 92 28 6 158 47

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 151 151 77 35 Q Q Q Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 172 172 118 75 15 5 27 33

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .................... 767 767 767 551 79 25 6 138 47

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................................ 698 698 698 542 77 47 20 108 29

a "Other" includes wood, coal, solar, and all other energy sources.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 63
Electricity

Natural 

Gas Fuel Oil

District 

Heat

District 

Chilled 

Water Propane Other

a

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 65,753 65,716 45,525 13,285 5,891 2,750 6,290 2,322

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 6,309 6,280 3,566 620 Q Q 635 292

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 7,721 7,721 5,088 583 Q Q 986 Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 10,851 10,843 7,001 983 414 Q 1,203 290

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 9,175 9,175 6,405 983 660 294 568 250

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 10,034 10,034 7,165 1,612 933 525 865 350

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 8,246 8,246 5,915 1,875 903 630 854 Q

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 6,790 6,790 5,282 2,984 1,003 470 616 Q

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 6,628 6,628 5,104 3,645 1,707 630 562 Q

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 8,651 8,651 6,570 1,635 1,159 676 757 325

Food Sales .................................................. 994 993 993 659 Q Q N Q Q

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 1,851 1,851 1,510 Q Q Q 298 Q

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 2,918 2,918 2,285 1,754 744 433 Q Q

 Inpatient ..................................................... 1,865 1,865 1,865 1,677 1,605 649 356 Q Q

 Outpatient .................................................. 1,053 1,053 1,053 609 Q Q Q Q Q

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 4,521 4,521 3,548 789 629 219 587 Q

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 10,398 10,398 7,887 1,411 Q Q 863 365

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 4,766 4,766 4,766 3,518 553 Q Q 276 Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 5,631 5,631 5,631 4,369 858 N Q 587 Q

Office ........................................................... 12,044 12,043 12,043 7,356 3,913 1,536 678 370 192

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 4,340 4,340 2,989 850 848 436 469 Q

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 1,030 1,030 627 398 297 Q Q Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 3,405 3,405 2,457 187 Q Q 714 Q

Service ........................................................ 3,388 3,358 3,358 2,093 641 Q Q 272 Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 9,879 9,879 6,211 1,102 Q Q 1,338 Q

Other ............................................................ 1,222 1,217 1,217 707 205 Q Q Q Q

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 1,149 1,112 626 Q Q N Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 3,722 3,714 2,766 745 486 Q Q Q

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 6,281 6,281 4,257 1,060 764 134 473 Q

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 8,822 8,794 6,040 1,782 1,088 406 748 433

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 10,686 10,686 7,512 2,349 1,406 633 1,220 353

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 11,750 11,750 8,080 2,446 788 492 1,033 352

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 13,485 13,485 8,794 2,795 682 424 1,333 499

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 11,007 11,007 8,076 2,108 677 407 1,295 353

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 11,972 11,964 7,305 5,414 1,898 326 1,706 580

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 16,389 16,389 13,506 2,423 1,521 746 1,405 606

South ........................................................... 23,485 23,076 23,076 14,199 3,749 1,265 939 2,389 579

West ............................................................ 14,731 14,315 14,287 10,515 1,699 1,207 739 790 557

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................................ 5,890 5,750 5,750 4,064 1,612 250 Q 1,166 Q

 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................................... 17,083 16,706 16,706 12,573 3,773 1,743 763 1,343 691

 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................................... 16,243 15,800 15,792 10,455 4,531 2,443 653 1,619 602

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 16,333 15,951 15,922 12,149 1,903 875 683 1,040 442

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 11,788 11,546 11,546 6,285 1,466 581 589 1,122 383

Table B18. Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

Using Any 

Energy 

Source

Energy Sources Used (more than one may apply)

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 64
Electricity

Natural 

Gas Fuel Oil

District 

Heat

District 

Chilled 

Water Propane Other

a

Table B18. Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

Using Any 

Energy 

Source

Energy Sources Used (more than one may apply)

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 12,788 12,750 7,108 964 390 Q 1,451 345

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 6,274 6,274 4,633 796 304 Q 646 Q

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 8,028 8,028 5,589 676 475 Q 688 Q

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 10,814 10,814 7,737 1,294 544 162 1,189 317

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 8,898 8,898 6,278 1,593 696 478 839 364

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 8,356 8,356 6,146 2,482 1,052 484 787 417

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 10,595 10,595 8,035 5,480 2,431 1,234 691 527

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 5,351 5,314 2,825 504 Q Q 944 Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 13,070 13,070 8,197 1,540 796 239 1,026 285

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 14,186 14,186 9,714 2,638 945 589 1,068 570

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 12,381 12,381 9,007 2,500 943 504 980 440

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 8,930 8,930 6,449 1,532 915 505 1,085 324

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 11,835 11,835 9,334 4,571 2,254 893 1,187 582

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 54,994 53,668 53,640 37,026 9,893 3,333 1,560 5,305 1,864

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 37,785 37,506 37,506 25,597 8,284 2,907 1,325 4,051 1,486

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 15,596 15,441 15,441 10,968 1,605 426 Q 1,244 358

 Unoccupied ............................................... 1,613 721 693 461 Q N N Q Q

Government Owned .................................... 12,343 12,085 12,076 8,500 3,392 2,559 1,190 985 458

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 953 385 356 Q N N N Q N

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 956 765 756 367 Q Q N Q Q

Partially Vacant ............................................ 15,520 15,093 15,093 10,725 3,528 1,311 521 1,051 378

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 49,910 49,511 49,511 34,174 9,639 4,570 2,229 5,213 1,891

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 65,716 65,716 45,496 13,277 5,891 2,750 6,290 2,322

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 45,525 45,496 45,525 8,088 2,683 1,316 1,887 1,572

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 13,285 13,277 8,088 13,285 1,839 749 2,296 554

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 5,891 5,891 2,683 1,839 5,891 2,354 Q Q

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,750 2,750 1,316 749 2,354 2,750 Q Q

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 6,290 6,290 1,887 2,296 Q Q 6,290 438

Other ............................................................ 2,322 2,322 2,322 1,572 554 Q Q 438 2,322

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 61,602 61,565 44,385 13,074 5,862 2,739 6,076 2,276

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 58,474 58,474 42,147 12,185 5,165 2,750 5,415 2,069

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 56,115 56,115 41,366 11,852 5,301 2,455 5,409 1,887

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 24,681 24,681 19,857 7,840 2,487 1,047 3,005 1,331

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 3,126 3,126 2,322 555 Q Q 403 Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 11,882 11,882 9,119 8,749 2,083 919 1,486 1,132

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .................... 23,328 23,328 23,328 18,916 7,576 2,416 1,027 2,712 1,331

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................................ 21,793 21,793 21,793 17,601 6,856 2,735 1,158 2,643 1,165

a "Other" includes wood, coal, solar, and all other energy sources.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 65
Space 

Heating Cooling

Water 

Heating Cooking

ManufacturingSpace 

Heating Cooling

Water 

Heating Cooking

Manufacturing

All Buildings ......................................... 4,657 4,016 3,560 3,239 857 151 67,338 61,602 58,474 56,115 24,681 3,126

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ........................................ 2,348 1,982 1,680 1,456 357 Q 6,774 5,684 4,879 4,280 1,095 Q

5,001 to 10,000 ...................................... 1,110 946 828 778 176 36 8,238 7,090 6,212 5,748 1,272 318

10,001 to 25,000 .................................... 708 629 611 574 150 28 11,153 9,865 9,530 9,000 2,415 519

25,001 to 50,000 .................................... 257 237 223 222 72 11 9,311 8,565 8,116 8,088 2,630 390

50,001 to 100,000 .................................. 145 137 134 127 54 9 10,112 9,597 9,401 8,887 3,901 600

100,001 to 200,000 ................................ 59 57 55 54 29 3 8,271 7,893 7,609 7,527 4,092 478

200,001 to 500,000 ................................ 23 22 21 21 14 1 6,851 6,445 6,345 6,258 4,254 283

Over 500,000 ......................................... 77775 Q 6,628 6,465 6,382 6,327 5,020 Q

Principal Building Activity

Education ............................................... 327 326 274 240 106 Q 8,651 8,612 7,973 8,059 5,670 Q

Food Sales ............................................. 174 149 166 163 85 Q 994 880 978 951 676 Q

Food Service .......................................... 349 321 324 349 316 Q 1,851 1,721 1,760 1,846 1,761 Q

Health Care ............................................ 127 127 127 126 11 Q 2,918 2,918 2,815 2,903 1,812 Q

 Inpatient ............................................... 11 11 11 11 9 Q 1,865 1,865 1,762 1,862 1,738 Q

 Outpatient ............................................. 116 116 116 115 Q N 1,053 1,053 1,053 1,040 Q N

Lodging .................................................. 153 150 126 149 41 Q 4,521 4,424 4,051 4,442 2,401 Q

Mercantile ............................................... 667 626 632 439 96 Q 10,398 9,848 10,174 8,698 5,218 Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ....................... 534 502 499 323 29 Q 4,766 4,615 4,573 3,453 811 Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ..................... 133 123 132 116 68 Q 5,631 5,233 5,601 5,244 4,407 Q

Office ...................................................... 739 728 716 615 19 Q 12,044 11,810 11,782 10,872 3,149 441

Public Assembly ..................................... 305 274 232 249 101 Q 4,393 4,015 3,859 3,893 2,027 Q

Public Order and Safety ......................... 72 61 32 41 12 Q 1,168 1,021 760 830 301 Q

Religious Worship .................................. 307 306 232 252 51 N 3,405 3,383 2,765 3,109 842 N

Service ................................................... 478 421 289 280 Q 25 3,388 3,027 2,481 2,351 Q 325

Warehouse and Storage ........................ 603 357 308 227 Q 51 10,477 8,104 7,621 6,743 Q 1,634

Other ...................................................... 102 84 76 64 Q Q 1,222 1,086 1,087 983 Q Q

Vacant .................................................... 253 84 27 44 Q Q 1,908 754 368 436 Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ....................................... 419 350 260 277 69 Q 4,034 3,593 2,911 3,130 1,091 Q

1920 to 1945 .......................................... 499 430 313 311 85 Q 6,445 5,559 4,383 4,644 2,232 Q

1946 to 1959 .......................................... 763 666 589 493 115 28 9,127 8,402 7,601 7,154 3,195 535

1960 to 1969 .......................................... 665 557 496 493 131 19 10,866 9,966 9,325 9,421 4,178 409

1970 to 1979 .......................................... 774 691 649 592 161 32 11,840 10,916 11,050 10,182 4,551 555

1980 to 1989 .......................................... 846 713 702 623 173 37 13,931 12,566 12,849 12,137 5,030 744

1990 to 1999 .......................................... 690 608 549 450 124 Q 11,094 10,600 10,355 9,446 4,403 485

Census Region

Northeast ................................................ 686 601 473 515 141 22 12,360 11,667 10,311 10,577 5,245 568

Midwest .................................................. 1,188 1,049 861 776 221 18 16,761 15,916 14,371 13,702 6,042 818

South ...................................................... 1,762 1,503 1,506 1,179 315 87 23,485 20,598 21,549 19,014 8,569 1,035

West ....................................................... 1,021 863 720 769 181 24 14,731 13,421 12,243 12,822 4,825 706

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD .......................... 525 475 366 396 97 Q 5,890 5,669 4,804 5,090 2,213 319

 5,500-7,000 HDD ................................. 986 870 711 674 189 9 17,083 16,206 14,289 14,123 6,319 571

 4,000-5,499 HDD ................................. 1,085 950 766 751 200 43 16,243 15,292 13,999 13,800 6,558 869

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ........................ 1,134 997 913 836 211 34 16,333 14,923 14,535 14,128 5,519 827

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ........................ 926 724 803 582 160 53 11,788 9,512 10,847 8,973 4,072 540

Table B19. Energy End Uses, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Energy Used For 

(more than one may apply)

Energy Used For 

(more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 66
Space 

Heating Cooling

Water 

Heating Cooking

ManufacturingSpace 

Heating Cooling

Water 

Heating Cooking

Manufacturing

Table B19. Energy End Uses, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Energy Used For 

(more than one may apply)

Energy Used For 

(more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 .......................................... 2,376 1,835 1,513 1,312 287 Q 14,321 10,552 8,704 8,401 1,651 Q

5 to 9 ...................................................... 807 773 681 643 131 24 6,325 6,020 5,291 5,145 1,341 230

10 to 19 .................................................. 683 667 636 586 172 31 8,028 7,762 7,409 7,000 2,021 477

20 to 49 .................................................. 487 456 433 417 154 29 10,814 10,347 9,930 9,445 3,871 645

50 to 99 .................................................. 174 166 169 159 65 12 8,898 8,536 8,519 8,166 4,354 544

100 to 249 .............................................. 90 81 88 85 30 3 8,356 8,053 8,129 7,760 4,305 436

250 or More ............................................ 39 38 39 36 18 2 10,595 10,333 10,491 10,199 7,138 544

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ............................................ 978 638 439 427 93 Q 6,596 4,217 3,113 3,340 884 Q

40 to 48 .................................................. 1,156 1,068 968 779 97 47 13,105 12,090 11,041 10,049 2,492 753

49 to 60 .................................................. 986 943 850 746 131 43 14,200 13,677 13,225 12,280 4,159 717

61 to 84 .................................................. 664 598 563 521 188 24 12,458 11,787 11,701 11,334 6,052 607

85 to 167 ................................................ 474 407 436 436 264 5 9,116 8,399 8,528 8,041 4,659 423

Open Continuously ................................. 398 361 304 330 85 Q 11,863 11,432 10,866 11,070 6,435 474

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ................................................ 4,395 4,008 3,560 3,239 857 151 65,716 61,565 58,474 56,115 24,681 3,126

Natural Gas ............................................ 2,670 2,588 2,335 2,191 615 77 45,525 44,385 42,147 41,366 19,857 2,322

Fuel Oil ................................................... 434 432 302 288 92 35 13,285 13,074 12,185 11,852 7,840 555

District Heat ........................................... 117 116 97 101 28 Q 5,891 5,862 5,165 5,301 2,487 Q

District Chilled Water ............................. 50 49 50 37 6 Q 2,750 2,739 2,750 2,455 1,047 Q

Propane .................................................. 451 434 318 334 158 Q 6,290 6,076 5,415 5,409 3,005 403

Other ...................................................... 153 149 107 89 47 Q 2,322 2,276 2,069 1,887 1,331 Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ................ 4,016 4,016 3,400 3,087 798 143 61,602 61,602 56,361 54,204 23,813 3,031

Buildings with Cooling ............................ 3,560 3,400 3,560 2,915 792 129 58,474 56,361 58,474 52,589 23,730 2,861

Buildings with Water Heating ................. 3,239 3,087 2,915 3,239 818 89 56,115 54,204 52,589 56,115 23,830 2,364

Buildings with Cooking ........................... 857 798 792 818 857 Q 24,681 23,813 23,730 23,830 24,681 495

Buildings with Manufacturing ................. 151 143 129 89 Q 151 3,126 3,031 2,861 2,364 495 3,126

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ............................................ 172 169 149 143 63 Q 11,882 11,643 11,538 11,079 7,823 330

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation ............... 767 711 716 733 767 Q 23,328 22,488 22,457 22,563 23,328 478

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water .......................... 698 674 635 698 422 Q 21,793 21,325 20,687 21,793 16,513 584

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 67
Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Other

a

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 4,016 1,880 2,380 377 96 307 94

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 1,982 926 1,082 214 Q 162 Q

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 946 379 624 73 Q 88 Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 629 324 389 52 19 42 Q

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 237 129 143 20 17 7 Q

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 137 74 89 9 13 5 Q

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 57 34 35 6 7 Q Q

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 22 11 13 3 3 Q Q

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 7 4 4 1 2QQ

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 326 166 196 17 30 10 Q

Food Sales .................................................. 174 149 63 79 QQQQ

Food Service ............................................... 349 321 143 192 QQQQ

Health Care ................................................. 127 127 78 63 Q 3 Q N

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 11 3 5 Q 3 Q N

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 116 75 58 Q Q Q N

Lodging ........................................................ 153 150 101 74 Q 13 Q Q

Mercantile .................................................... 667 626 273 392 86 Q 31 Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 502 204 318 76 Q Q Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 123 68 75 Q N Q N

Office ........................................................... 739 728 430 419 65 19 Q Q

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 274 121 153 Q 15 Q Q

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 61 21 30 Q 3 Q Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 306 125 206 22 Q 62 Q

Service ........................................................ 478 421 135 260 71 Q Q Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 357 171 211 15 Q 39 Q

Other ............................................................ 102 84 Q 39 QQQQ

Vacant ......................................................... 253 84 18 67 QQQQ

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 350 105 254 52 19 Q Q

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 430 145 317 53 9 Q Q

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 666 307 376 98 21 39 Q

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 557 224 361 56 16 48 Q

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 691 376 423 28 Q 39 Q

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 713 411 337 54 11 66 Q

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 608 312 311 36 4 78 Q

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 601 186 273 210 31 63 Q

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 1,049 331 834 33 22 93 26

South ........................................................... 1,762 1,503 945 677 114 27 120 45

West ............................................................ 1,021 863 418 595 Q 17 31 Q

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................................ 525 475 133 324 69 3 74 Q

 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................................... 986 870 312 619 111 22 66 Q

 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................................... 1,085 950 435 468 170 42 79 33

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 1,134 997 509 647 Q 8 Q Q

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 926 724 492 322 Q 21 Q Q

Table B20. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1999

Space-Heating Energy Sources Used 

(more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All Buildings 

with Space 

Heating

All

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 68
Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Other

a

Table B20. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1999

Space-Heating Energy Sources Used 

(more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All Buildings 

with Space 

Heating

All

Buildings

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 1,835 773 1,047 174 30 183 55

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 773 363 502 91 14 37 Q

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 667 343 390 51 10 54 Q

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 456 233 262 39 12 28 Q

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 166 103 103 10 15 Q Q

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 81 43 54 8 8 Q Q

250 or More ................................................. 39 38 22 22 2 7 Q Q

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 638 259 355 64 Q 113 Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 1,068 516 616 90 35 72 Q

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 943 457 599 103 17 28 27

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 598 250 383 56 16 40 Q

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 407 208 232 25 7 35 Q

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 362 189 195 38 20 18 Q

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 4,008 1,880 2,373 376 96 307 94

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 2,588 954 2,380 60 41 Q 19

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 432 163 62 377 7 Q Q

District Heat ................................................. 117 116 46 20 Q 96 Q Q

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 49 23 4 Q 39 Q Q

Propane ....................................................... 451 434 145 28 76 Q 307 Q

Other ............................................................ 153 149 57 52 Q Q Q 94

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity ..................................................... 1,128 1,128 1,128 174 37 Q 7 Q

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,189 2,189 607 2,189 33 2 Q Q

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 302 302 76 2 302 Q Q Q

District Heat ................................................. 77 77 9 Q Q 77 Q Q

Propane ....................................................... 282 282 58 Q Q N 282 Q

Other ............................................................ 38 38 Q Q Q N Q 38

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 3,450 3,297 1,674 1,992 246 54 211 60

Natural Gas ................................................. 142 137 68 135 Q Q Q N

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 49 23 4 Q 39 Q Q

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 1,546 1,465 927 667 90 23 106 43

Natural Gas ................................................. 1,520 1,459 531 1,311 44 21 Q Q

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 110 109 34 6 107 Q Q Q

District Heat ................................................. 62 61 21 3 Q 46 Q Q

Propane ....................................................... 130 116 29 Q Q N 81 Q

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 437 398 216 205 36 11 43 Q

Natural Gas ................................................. 505 475 208 390 24 Q Q Q

Propane ....................................................... 118 111 40 Q 24 Q 52 Q

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 69
Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Other

a

Table B20. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1999

Space-Heating Energy Sources Used 

(more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All Buildings 

with Space 

Heating

All

Buildings

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 4,016 1,880 2,380 377 96 307 94

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 3,400 1,701 2,070 246 77 212 61

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 3,087 1,465 1,914 246 80 195 50

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 798 362 480 74 21 75 25

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 143 76 67 QQQQ

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 169 89 97 23 9 4 Q

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 641 Q N Q NNNN

1 to 50 .......................................................... 576 576 290 301 58 Q 61 Q

51 to 99 ........................................................ 627 627 255 394 52 16 30 Q

100 ............................................................... 2,813 2,813 1,335 1,685 266 80 216 42

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 492 492 475 144 Q 4 12 Q

Furnaces ...................................................... 1,460 1,460 512 1,077 166 Q 128 Q

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 894 894 584 543 100 7 104 27

District Heat ................................................. 96 96 26 Q Q 96 Q Q

Boilers ......................................................... 581 581 193 381 152 Q 41 12

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 1,347 1,347 744 865 17 Q 81 Q

Other ............................................................ 185 185 110 67 34 1 19 52

a "Other" includes wood, coal, solar, and all other energy sources.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 70
Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Other

a

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 61,612 32,291 37,902 5,611 5,534 2,728 945

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 5,684 2,651 3,250 598 Q 469 Q

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 7,090 2,808 4,613 573 Q 688 Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 9,865 5,079 6,069 773 307 682 Q

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 8,574 4,752 5,225 687 617 247 Q

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 9,597 5,238 6,200 635 905 366 Q

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 7,893 4,719 4,917 791 883 Q Q

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 6,445 3,234 3,949 847 963 Q Q

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 6,465 3,810 3,680 707 1,698 Q Q

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 8,612 3,613 5,317 1,375 1,086 200 Q

Food Sales .................................................. 994 880 359 556 QQQQ

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 1,721 836 1,210 QQQQ

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 2,918 1,335 1,793 641 736 Q N

 Inpatient ..................................................... 1,865 1,865 693 1,257 615 641 Q N

 Outpatient .................................................. 1,053 1,053 642 536 Q Q Q N

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 4,424 2,984 2,503 Q 527 Q Q

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 9,848 6,148 6,423 649 Q 332 Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 4,766 4,615 2,239 3,150 470 Q Q Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 5,631 5,233 3,909 3,274 Q N Q N

Office ........................................................... 12,044 11,819 7,221 6,060 812 1,487 Q Q

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 4,015 1,848 2,370 Q 841 Q Q

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 1,021 354 512 Q 297 Q Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 3,383 1,534 2,270 182 Q 706 Q

Service ........................................................ 3,388 3,027 1,145 1,981 405 Q Q Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 8,104 4,285 5,719 576 Q 483 Q

Other ............................................................ 1,222 1,086 401 612 QQQQ

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 754 228 575 QQQQ

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 3,593 1,267 2,399 593 480 Q Q

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 5,559 2,223 3,808 651 764 Q Q

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 8,402 3,822 5,091 1,065 1,065 319 Q

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 9,966 4,789 6,163 1,083 1,351 473 Q

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 10,916 6,116 6,558 1,015 769 415 Q

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 12,566 8,140 7,226 772 606 526 Q

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 10,610 5,933 6,658 432 499 608 Q

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 11,667 4,625 5,703 3,612 1,876 761 Q

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 15,916 6,429 12,467 619 1,514 733 281

South ........................................................... 23,485 20,608 13,862 10,904 1,128 1,022 1,013 260

West ............................................................ 14,731 13,421 7,375 8,828 252 1,121 221 Q

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................................ 5,890 5,669 1,920 3,949 1,065 250 616 Q

 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................................... 17,083 16,206 6,767 11,335 1,833 1,736 613 Q

 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................................... 16,243 15,292 8,030 8,234 2,267 2,405 766 305

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 16,333 14,923 8,670 10,109 281 677 Q Q

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 11,788 9,521 6,904 4,275 Q 466 Q Q

Table B21. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All Buildings 

with Space 

Heating

Space-Heating Energy Sources Used 

(more than one may apply)

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 71
Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Other

a

Table B21. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All Buildings 

with Space 

Heating

Space-Heating Energy Sources Used 

(more than one may apply)

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 10,552 4,405 6,432 912 289 1,136 190

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 6,020 2,941 3,910 634 292 372 Q

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 7,772 3,981 4,784 518 372 378 Q

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 10,347 5,599 6,585 691 534 456 Q

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 8,536 4,817 5,229 925 645 Q Q

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 8,053 4,500 5,126 900 1,031 Q Q

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 10,333 6,048 5,836 1,031 2,371 Q Q

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 4,217 1,636 2,441 486 Q 809 Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 12,090 6,215 7,330 952 730 576 Q

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 13,677 7,065 8,499 1,403 910 416 388

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 11,787 6,632 7,120 896 911 368 Q

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 8,399 4,540 5,438 703 830 288 Q

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 11,442 6,204 7,074 1,170 2,114 272 Q

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 61,575 32,291 37,874 5,602 5,534 2,728 945

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 44,394 21,230 37,902 2,447 2,431 250 524

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 13,083 6,470 5,793 5,611 1,787 398 Q

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 5,862 1,903 844 Q 5,534 Q Q

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,739 1,012 517 Q 2,279 Q Q

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 6,076 2,809 1,645 1,510 Q 2,728 Q

Other ............................................................ 2,322 2,276 1,015 1,368 Q Q Q 945

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity ..................................................... 17,627 17,627 17,627 4,465 333 Q 288 Q

Natural Gas ................................................. 32,729 32,729 11,902 32,729 1,422 211 Q Q

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 3,719 3,719 799 149 3,719 Q Q Q

District Heat ................................................. 5,077 5,077 1,277 378 Q 5,077 Q Q

Propane ....................................................... 2,107 2,107 593 Q Q N 2,107 Q

Other ............................................................ 343 343 Q Q Q N Q 343

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 55,545 53,468 30,329 33,933 4,590 3,173 2,169 768

Natural Gas ................................................. 1,914 1,898 935 1,852 Q Q Q N

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,739 1,012 517 Q 2,279 Q Q

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 24,171 23,070 16,403 11,446 1,636 906 1,129 496

Natural Gas ................................................. 29,196 28,489 13,417 25,292 1,758 629 Q Q

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 2,218 2,206 627 573 2,045 Q Q Q

District Heat ................................................. 4,182 4,162 1,132 525 Q 3,968 Q Q

Propane ....................................................... 1,371 1,227 493 Q Q N 770 Q

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 13,733 13,193 8,107 7,676 1,530 1,327 455 Q

Natural Gas ................................................. 16,785 16,256 8,646 12,403 1,621 1,522 Q Q

Propane ....................................................... 1,754 1,683 991 Q 540 Q 461 Q

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 72
Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Other

a

Table B21. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All Buildings 

with Space 

Heating

Space-Heating Energy Sources Used 

(more than one may apply)

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 61,602 32,291 37,893 5,611 5,534 2,728 945

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 56,370 30,961 35,080 4,638 4,844 2,191 779

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 54,213 28,867 34,164 4,759 4,943 2,018 682

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 23,823 13,404 14,929 2,814 2,337 801 477

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 3,031 1,668 1,940 QQQQ

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 11,652 6,951 6,847 1,510 1,986 253 Q

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 5,736 Q N Q NNNN

1 to 50 .......................................................... 7,593 7,593 4,722 4,319 564 Q 461 Q

51 to 99 ........................................................ 10,745 10,745 6,110 6,642 786 886 421 Q

100 ............................................................... 43,264 43,264 21,459 26,932 4,260 4,575 1,845 593

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 8,923 8,923 8,667 4,466 532 730 204 Q

Furnaces ...................................................... 14,449 14,449 6,822 11,524 1,295 Q 1,075 Q

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 17,349 17,349 12,350 11,488 1,444 1,210 1,051 534

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 5,534 1,609 678 Q 5,534 Q Q

Boilers ......................................................... 19,522 19,522 8,410 15,131 4,176 Q 672 420

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 25,743 25,743 16,861 17,324 1,040 767 937 Q

Other ............................................................ 4,073 4,073 2,972 1,982 341 249 272 315

a "Other" includes wood, coal, solar, and all other energy sources.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 73
Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 4,016 1,128 2,189 302 77

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 1,982 591 1,028 167 Q

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 946 200 582 70 Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 629 195 336 40 13

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 237 79 122 14 16

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 137 39 76 7 12

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 57 18 30 3 6

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 22 5 12 2 3

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 7 2 3Q 2

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 326 111 172 14 20

Food Sales .................................................. 174 149 53 77 Q Q

Food Service ............................................... 349 321 87 176 Q Q

Health Care ................................................. 127 127 55 62 Q 3

 Inpatient .................................................... 11 11 Q 5 Q 2

 Outpatient ................................................. 116 116 55 57 Q Q

Lodging ........................................................ 153 150 80 55 Q 13

Mercantile .................................................... 667 626 187 360 50 Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ........................... 534 502 126 305 43 Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls .......................... 133 123 61 54 Q N

Office ........................................................... 739 728 252 376 64 18

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 274 58 144 Q 15

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 61 Q 28 Q 3

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 306 29 200 Q Q

Service ........................................................ 478 421 83 235 Q Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 357 100 201 Q Q

Other ............................................................ 102 84 Q 38 Q Q

Vacant ......................................................... 253 84 Q 66 Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 350 21 250 50 19

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 430 60 299 41 9

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 666 181 346 86 14

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 557 105 345 45 15

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 691 233 383 20 6

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 713 311 282 35 10

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 608 218 284 Q 4

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 601 76 254 190 24

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 1,049 128 792 Q 21

South ........................................................... 1,762 1,503 672 598 92 16

West ............................................................ 1,021 863 253 545 Q 16

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ............................... 525 475 31 311 59 2

 5,500-7,000 HDD ..................................... 986 870 114 583 83 22

 4,000-5,499 HDD ..................................... 1,085 950 245 446 136 35

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............................. 1,134 997 365 566 Q 7

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............................. 926 724 373 283 Q 11

Table B22. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 

1999

Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Useda

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

All Buildings 

with Space 

Heating

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 74
Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat

Table B22. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 

1999

Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Useda

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

All Buildings 

with Space 

Heating

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 1,835 480 1,004 134 21

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 773 174 469 77 13

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 667 221 339 41 10

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 456 148 234 37 11

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 166 72 77 7 8

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 81 21 47 5 7

250 or More ................................................. 39 38 12 19 1 6

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 638 119 343 51 Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 1,068 315 576 74 24

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 943 263 544 92 16

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 598 162 351 39 9

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 407 136 207 19 7

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 361 132 167 28 20

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 4,008 1,128 2,182 302 77

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 2,588 331 2,189 25 33

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 432 64 54 302 6

District Heat ................................................. 117 116 35 4 Q 77

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 49 Q 3 Q 28

Propane ....................................................... 451 434 57 24 62 Q

Other ............................................................ 153 149 38 41 Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 4,016 1,128 2,189 302 77

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 3,400 1,058 1,883 192 58

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 3,087 867 1,759 205 70

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 798 210 438 58 13

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 143 51 58 Q Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 169 51 87 20 9

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 641 N NNNN

1 to 50 .......................................................... 576 576 189 277 44 Q

51 to 99 ........................................................ 627 627 165 365 45 15

100 ............................................................... 2,813 2,813 774 1,547 213 61

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 492 492 373 97 Q 3

Furnaces ...................................................... 1,460 1,460 192 1,017 119 Q

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 894 894 213 498 79 5

District Heat ................................................. 96 96 Q 2 Q 77

Boilers ......................................................... 581 581 40 364 136 Q

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 1,347 1,347 494 758 Q 4

Other ............................................................ 185 185 62 60 Q Q

a Additionally, 282,000 buildings used propane; 38,000 buildings used wood, coal, or some other energy source; and no buildings used solar as

a primary space heating energy source.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Notes: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy 

Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 75
Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 61,602 17,627 32,729 3,719 5,077

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 5,684 1,567 3,080 482 Q

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 7,090 1,496 4,292 557 Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 9,865 3,035 5,320 597 232

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 8,565 2,866 4,416 486 577

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 9,597 2,765 5,261 484 836

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 7,893 2,497 4,128 383 853

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 6,445 1,509 3,531 474 894

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 6,465 1,892 2,701 Q 1,554

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 8,612 1,502 4,873 1,024 1,017

Food Sales .................................................. 994 880 244 490 Q Q

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 1,721 492 1,008 Q Q

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 2,918 461 1,679 Q 626

 Inpatient .................................................... 1,865 1,865 Q 1,174 Q 538

 Outpatient ................................................. 1,053 1,053 431 505 Q Q

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 4,424 2,112 1,727 Q 517

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 9,848 4,273 4,968 319 Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ........................... 4,766 4,615 1,332 2,790 290 Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls .......................... 5,631 5,233 2,942 2,178 Q N

Office ........................................................... 12,044 11,810 4,334 5,279 720 1,367

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 4,015 639 2,065 Q 805

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 1,021 Q 470 Q 279

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 3,383 321 2,222 Q Q

Service ........................................................ 3,388 3,027 710 1,657 Q Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 8,104 2,208 5,160 301 Q

Other ............................................................ 1,222 1,086 174 583 Q Q

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 754 Q 549 Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 3,593 231 2,292 544 471

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 5,559 826 3,258 462 726

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 8,402 1,712 4,656 747 954

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 9,966 2,039 5,496 717 1,300

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 10,916 3,678 5,421 661 704

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 12,566 5,433 5,930 329 493

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 10,600 3,708 5,677 Q 428

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 11,667 1,645 4,913 2,803 1,709

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 15,916 2,355 11,348 Q 1,411

South ........................................................... 23,485 20,598 9,259 8,815 718 904

West ............................................................ 14,731 13,421 4,368 7,653 Q 1,053

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ............................... 5,890 5,669 427 3,692 816 222

 5,500-7,000 HDD ..................................... 17,083 16,206 2,654 10,175 1,208 1,625

 4,000-5,499 HDD ..................................... 16,243 15,292 3,638 7,148 1,519 2,225

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............................. 16,333 14,923 5,619 8,306 Q 576

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............................. 11,788 9,512 5,288 3,409 Q 429

Table B23. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Useda

All

Buildings

All Buildings 

with Space 

Heating

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 76
Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat

Table B23. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Useda

All

Buildings

All Buildings 

with Space 

Heating

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 10,552 2,259 6,115 788 264

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 6,020 1,412 3,539 484 284

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 7,762 2,527 4,136 336 365

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 10,347 3,290 5,671 564 509

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 8,536 2,840 4,214 714 546

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 8,053 2,201 4,336 479 966

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 10,333 3,099 4,719 355 2,143

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 4,217 564 2,349 444 Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 12,090 3,391 6,705 753 632

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 13,677 3,642 7,681 1,084 817

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 11,787 4,240 5,905 631 785

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 8,399 2,526 4,322 485 818

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 11,432 3,263 5,768 323 1,991

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 61,565 17,627 32,701 3,711 5,077

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 44,385 8,437 32,729 888 2,107

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 13,074 2,710 4,852 3,719 1,578

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 5,862 474 284 Q 5,077

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,739 310 334 Q 2,084

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 6,076 1,468 1,360 1,044 Q

Other ............................................................ 2,322 2,276 507 1,104 Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 61,602 17,627 32,729 3,719 5,077

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 56,361 17,160 30,003 2,912 4,392

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 54,204 15,562 29,379 3,085 4,519

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 23,813 7,203 12,286 1,549 2,035

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 3,031 894 1,708 Q Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 11,643 3,298 5,682 726 1,782

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 5,736 N NNNN

1 to 50 .......................................................... 7,593 7,593 3,013 3,648 481 Q

51 to 99 ........................................................ 10,745 10,745 3,275 5,829 409 837

100 ............................................................... 43,264 43,264 11,339 23,252 2,829 4,176

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 8,923 8,923 5,009 3,076 Q 588

Furnaces ...................................................... 14,449 14,449 2,281 10,311 821 Q

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 17,349 17,349 4,788 9,945 683 1,042

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 5,534 Q 211 Q 5,077

Boilers ......................................................... 19,522 19,522 2,171 13,918 2,717 Q

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 25,743 25,743 10,090 13,958 333 602

Other ............................................................ 4,073 4,073 1,807 1,634 Q Q

a Additionally, buildings comprising 2,107 million square feet used propane; buildings comprising 343 million square feet used wood, coal, or 

some other energy source; and no buildings used solar as a primary space heating energy source.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Notes: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy 

Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 77
Electricity

Natural 

Gas

District 

Chilled 

Water Electricity

Natural 

Gas

District 

Chilled 

Water

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 3,560 3,450 142 50 67,338 58,474 55,545 1,914 2,750

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 1,680 1,640 Q Q 6,774 4,879 4,784 Q Q

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 828 796 Q Q 8,238 6,212 5,938 Q Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 611 596 23 Q 11,153 9,530 9,307 325 Q

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 223 214 8 7 9,311 8,116 7,753 268 294

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 134 127 4 7 10,112 9,401 8,870 315 525

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 55 51 2 5 8,271 7,609 7,011 282 630

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 21 20 Q 2 6,851 6,345 5,991 Q 470

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 7 6 Q 1 6,628 6,382 5,890 Q 630

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 274 265 Q Q 8,651 7,973 7,305 Q 676

Food Sales .................................................. 174 166 148 Q N 994 978 947 Q N

Food Service ............................................... 349 324 312 Q Q 1,851 1,760 1,687 Q Q

Health Care ................................................. 127 127 125 Q 2 2,918 2,815 2,537 Q 433

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 11 9 Q 2 1,865 1,762 1,554 Q 356

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 116 116 Q Q 1,053 1,053 983 Q Q

Lodging ........................................................ 153 126 123 Q Q 4,521 4,051 3,880 Q 219

Mercantile .................................................... 667 632 622 26 Q 10,398 10,174 9,914 462 Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 499 491 Q Q 4,766 4,573 4,423 Q Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 132 131 Q Q 5,631 5,601 5,492 Q Q

Office ........................................................... 739 716 695 31 6 12,044 11,782 11,024 319 678

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 232 214 Q Q 4,393 3,859 3,544 Q 436

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 32 31 Q Q 1,168 760 706 Q Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 232 231 Q Q 3,405 2,765 2,763 Q Q

Service ........................................................ 478 289 288 Q Q 3,388 2,481 2,470 Q Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 308 305 Q Q 10,477 7,621 7,520 Q Q

Other ............................................................ 102 76 64 Q Q 1,222 1,087 880 Q Q

Vacant ......................................................... 253 27 27 N N 1,908 368 368 N N

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 260 245 Q Q 4,034 2,911 2,632 Q Q

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 313 312 Q 2 6,445 4,383 4,235 Q 134

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 589 578 Q 5 9,127 7,601 7,160 Q 406

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 496 472 26 7 10,866 9,325 8,676 353 633

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 649 636 35 Q 11,840 11,050 10,583 376 492

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 702 693 11 Q 13,931 12,849 12,490 300 424

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 549 514 Q 4 11,094 10,355 9,770 416 407

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 473 459 13 2 12,360 10,311 9,766 446 326

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 861 825 48 14 16,761 14,371 13,474 550 746

South ........................................................... 1,762 1,506 1,492 Q Q 23,485 21,549 20,908 266 939

West ............................................................ 1,021 720 673 60 13 14,731 12,243 11,396 652 739

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................................ 525 366 347 Q Q 5,890 4,804 4,631 249 Q

 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................................... 986 711 689 35 6 17,083 14,289 13,284 743 763

 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................................... 1,085 766 734 30 Q 16,243 13,999 13,213 423 653

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 1,134 913 885 42 7 16,333 14,535 13,972 405 683

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 926 803 795 Q 23 11,788 10,847 10,444 Q 589

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with 

Cooling

Table B24. Cooling Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with 

Cooling

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 78
Electricity

Natural 

Gas

District 

Chilled 

Water Electricity

Natural 

Gas

District 

Chilled 

Water

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with 

Cooling

Table B24. Cooling Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with 

Cooling

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 1,513 1,466 63 Q 14,321 8,704 8,396 398 Q

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 681 667 Q Q 6,325 5,291 5,146 Q Q

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 636 617 Q Q 8,028 7,409 7,086 Q Q

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 433 420 Q 3 10,814 9,930 9,634 258 162

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 169 163 Q 10 8,898 8,519 8,208 287 478

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 88 82 5 4 8,356 8,129 7,505 361 484

250 or More ................................................. 39 39 35 0 5 10,595 10,491 9,570 173 1,234

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 439 438 Q Q 6,596 3,113 3,085 Q Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 968 955 24 Q 13,105 11,041 10,724 321 239

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 850 808 40 13 14,200 13,225 12,456 418 589

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 563 547 20 6 12,458 11,701 11,074 344 504

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 436 419 29 4 9,116 8,528 7,964 380 505

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 304 285 Q 11 11,863 10,866 10,242 281 893

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 3,560 3,450 142 50 65,716 58,474 55,545 1,914 2,750

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 2,335 2,237 142 21 45,525 42,147 40,387 1,914 1,316

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 302 299 2 3 13,285 12,185 11,591 218 749

District Heat ................................................. 117 97 73 Q 43 5,891 5,165 3,459 Q 2,354

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 50 24 Q 50 2,750 2,750 1,093 Q 2,750

Propane ....................................................... 451 318 315 Q Q 6,290 5,415 5,327 Q Q

Other ............................................................ 153 107 106 Q Q 2,322 2,069 1,975 Q Q

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity ..................................................... 1,128 1,058 1,055 Q Q 17,627 17,160 16,992 Q 310

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,189 1,883 1,806 120 3 32,729 30,003 28,934 1,663 334

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 302 192 192 Q Q 3,719 2,912 2,907 Q Q

District Heat ................................................. 77 58 35 Q 28 5,077 4,392 2,746 Q 2,084

Propane ....................................................... 282 197 197 N N 2,107 1,631 1,627 N N

Other ............................................................ 38 Q Q N N 343 263 Q N N

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 1,546 1,435 1,402 47 Q 24,171 23,177 22,748 573 447

Natural Gas ................................................. 1,520 1,374 1,308 81 15 29,196 27,461 26,533 1,358 498

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 110 70 70 Q Q 2,218 1,890 1,877 Q Q

District Heat ................................................. 62 50 38 Q 19 4,182 3,723 2,404 Q 1,729

Propane ....................................................... 130 109 109 N Q 1,371 1,141 1,129 N Q

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 437 409 387 27 4 13,733 13,247 12,710 352 530

Natural Gas ................................................. 505 479 464 22 4 16,785 16,268 15,695 615 701

Propane ....................................................... 118 95 95 N Q 1,754 1,634 1,632 N Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 3,400 3,297 137 49 61,602 56,361 53,459 1,898 2,739

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 3,560 3,450 142 50 58,474 58,474 55,545 1,914 2,750

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 2,915 2,809 119 37 56,115 52,589 49,968 1,744 2,455

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 792 766 31 6 24,681 23,730 22,723 705 1,047

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 129 127 Q Q 3,126 2,861 2,805 Q Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 149 138 Q 5 11,882 11,538 10,842 243 919

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 79
Electricity

Natural 

Gas

District 

Chilled 

Water Electricity

Natural 

Gas

District 

Chilled 

Water

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with 

Cooling

Table B24. Cooling Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with 

Cooling

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 1,097 N N N N 8,864 N N N N

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,012 1,012 1,005 20 Q 16,846 16,846 16,536 435 Q

51 to 99 ........................................................ 751 751 720 32 8 16,966 16,966 16,117 609 772

100 ............................................................... 1,796 1,796 1,725 90 40 24,662 24,662 22,893 870 1,805

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 676 676 676 Q Q 8,329 8,329 8,329 Q Q

Heat Pumps ................................................. 485 485 485 17 4 9,147 9,147 9,120 187 336

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 799 799 799 18 Q 14,276 14,276 14,276 376 359

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 50 24 Q 50 2,750 2,750 1,093 Q 2,750

Central Chillers ............................................ 130 130 127 2 1 12,909 12,909 12,405 272 386

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 1,953 1,953 1,870 111 Q 36,527 36,527 35,387 1,595 721

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 136 136 135 Q Q 2,219 2,219 2,175 Q Q

Other ............................................................ 49 49 48 Q Q 1,312 1,312 1,244 Q Q

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 80
Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 3,239 1,546 1,520 110 62 130

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 1,456 795 574 Q Q Q

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 778 317 429 Q Q Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 574 265 274 14 9 31

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 222 87 127 9 14 Q

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 127 51 71 5 9 Q

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 54 21 31 Q 5 Q

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 21 7 12 2 2 Q

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 7 4 3 Q 1 N

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 240 95 132 9 19 Q

Food Sales .................................................. 174 163 68 82 Q Q Q

Food Service ............................................... 349 349 90 223 Q Q Q

Health Care ................................................. 127 126 67 55 Q 3 Q

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 11 Q 8 1 3 N

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 115 66 47 Q Q Q

Lodging ........................................................ 153 149 46 86 Q 17 Q

Mercantile .................................................... 667 439 263 181 Q N Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 323 181 141 Q N Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 116 82 40 Q N Q

Office ........................................................... 739 615 371 216 26 9 Q

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 249 110 128 Q 6 Q

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 41 Q 21 Q Q Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 252 84 146 Q Q Q

Service ........................................................ 478 280 152 110 Q Q Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 227 148 84 Q Q N

Other ............................................................ 102 64 30 30 Q Q N

Vacant ......................................................... 253 44 Q 27 Q N Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 277 93 174 12 5 Q

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 311 123 163 Q 8 Q

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 493 212 239 41 11 Q

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 493 213 244 18 11 Q

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 592 298 277 Q 7 Q

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 623 379 206 Q 11 Q

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 450 229 217 Q Q Q

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 515 214 168 87 15 56

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 776 307 452 Q 14 38

South ........................................................... 1,762 1,179 707 470 Q 16 Q

West ............................................................ 1,021 769 318 431 Q 17 Q

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 1,312 637 616 Q 15 46

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 643 286 308 Q Q Q

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 586 318 243 Q 9 Q

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 417 184 204 22 10 Q

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 159 75 79 6 9 Q

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 85 29 52 4 6 Q

250 or More ................................................. 39 36 16 18 1 5 Q

Table B25. Water-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1999

Water-Heating Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

All Buildings 

with Water 

Heating

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 81
Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane

Table B25. Water-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1999

Water-Heating Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

All Buildings 

with Water 

Heating

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 427 195 192 Q Q Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 779 442 312 16 16 Q

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 746 415 309 22 7 25

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 521 210 292 15 8 Q

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 436 181 233 Q 9 Q

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 330 103 182 19 23 18

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 3,239 1,546 1,520 110 62 130

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 2,191 748 1,520 9 17 Q

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 288 109 65 110 4 Q

District Heat ................................................. 117 101 37 22 Q 62 Q

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 37 Q 15 Q 19 Q

Propane ....................................................... 451 334 165 21 44 Q 130

Other ............................................................ 153 89 54 33 Q Q Q

Primary Space Heating

Energy Source

Electricity ..................................................... 1,128 867 687 185 Q Q 12

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,189 1,759 583 1,232 Q Q N

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 302 205 74 Q 99 Q Q

District Heat ................................................. 77 70 15 20 Q 45 N

Propane ....................................................... 282 174 98 N Q N 76

Other ............................................................ 38 Q Q Q Q N Q

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 437 410 199 190 18 8 41

Natural Gas ................................................. 505 497 111 412 6 4 Q

Propane ....................................................... 118 105 38 Q 17 Q 55

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 3,087 1,465 1,459 109 61 116

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 2,915 1,435 1,375 70 50 109

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 3,239 1,546 1,520 110 62 130

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 818 283 481 35 11 74

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 89 55 36 Q Q Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 143 63 68 Q 12 Q

Water Heating Equipment

Centralized System ..................................... 2,472 2,472 1,048 1,244 88 52 104

Distributed System ...................................... 566 566 399 173 Q 5 Q

Combination of Centralized

 and Distributed System .............................. 200 200 99 103 Q 5 Q

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA 871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 82
Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 56,115 24,171 29,196 2,218 4,182 1,371

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 4,280 2,307 1,719 Q Q Q

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 5,748 2,287 3,204 Q Q Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 9,000 4,220 4,221 224 164 493

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 8,088 3,175 4,602 304 471 Q

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 8,887 3,590 4,924 351 613 Q

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 7,527 2,970 4,344 Q 732 Q

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 6,258 2,073 3,446 437 758 Q

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 6,327 3,551 2,736 Q 1,295 N

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 8,059 1,996 4,938 831 882 Q

Food Sales .................................................. 994 951 284 592 Q Q Q

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 1,846 509 1,277 Q Q Q

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 2,903 619 1,649 219 713 Q

 Inpatient ..................................................... 1,865 1,862 Q 1,165 206 628 N

 Outpatient .................................................. 1,053 1,040 478 484 Q Q Q

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 4,442 745 3,152 Q 536 251

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 8,698 5,959 3,811 Q N Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 4,766 3,453 1,937 1,519 Q N Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 5,631 5,244 4,022 2,293 Q N Q

Office ........................................................... 12,044 10,872 5,771 4,460 284 953 Q

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 3,893 1,295 2,061 Q 597 Q

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 830 Q 454 Q Q Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 3,109 1,109 1,812 Q Q Q

Service ........................................................ 3,388 2,351 1,353 978 Q Q Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 6,743 3,950 3,145 Q Q N

Other ............................................................ 1,222 983 269 569 Q Q N

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 436 Q 298 Q N Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 3,130 1,034 1,848 187 256 Q

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 4,644 1,551 2,516 Q 627 Q

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 7,154 2,235 4,047 578 813 Q

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 9,421 3,438 5,390 424 1,029 Q

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 10,182 4,981 4,701 322 574 Q

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 12,137 6,533 5,483 303 507 Q

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 9,446 4,399 5,211 Q 377 Q

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 10,577 4,485 4,074 1,678 1,300 561

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 13,702 4,633 8,323 Q 1,219 428

South ........................................................... 23,485 19,014 10,480 8,943 328 863 Q

West ............................................................ 14,731 12,822 4,574 7,856 Q 799 Q

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 8,401 3,332 4,426 Q 288 438

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 5,145 2,094 2,666 Q Q Q

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 7,000 3,354 3,435 Q 305 Q

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 9,445 3,905 5,161 365 370 Q

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 8,166 3,558 4,525 375 439 Q

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 7,760 3,056 4,239 422 803 Q

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 10,199 4,874 4,743 546 1,810 Q

Table B26. Water-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All Buildings 

with Water 

Heating

Water-Heating Energy Sources Used 

(more than one may apply)

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 83
Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane

Table B26. Water-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All Buildings 

with Water 

Heating

Water-Heating Energy Sources Used 

(more than one may apply)

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 3,340 1,148 1,851 Q Q Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 10,049 4,793 4,885 338 395 Q

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 12,280 6,003 5,728 369 523 282

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 11,334 5,919 5,481 403 685 Q

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 8,041 3,310 4,343 Q 690 Q

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 11,070 2,998 6,907 504 1,876 268

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 56,115 24,171 29,196 2,218 4,182 1,371

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 41,366 13,914 29,196 959 1,829 Q

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 11,852 5,017 5,148 2,218 1,343 Q

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 5,301 1,090 675 Q 4,182 Q

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,455 447 498 Q 1,729 Q

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 5,409 2,806 1,173 906 Q 1,371

Other ............................................................ 2,322 1,887 978 1,116 Q Q Q

Primary Space Heating

Energy Source

Electricity ..................................................... 17,627 15,562 11,461 4,830 Q Q 288

Natural Gas ................................................. 32,729 29,379 8,940 22,589 451 Q N

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 3,719 3,085 1,021 437 1,639 Q Q

District Heat ................................................. 5,077 4,519 690 517 Q 3,776 N

Propane ....................................................... 2,107 1,454 824 N Q N 642

Other ............................................................ 343 Q Q Q Q N Q

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 13,733 13,136 6,559 6,875 811 979 554

Natural Gas ................................................. 16,785 16,431 5,166 11,979 654 1,235 Q

Propane ....................................................... 1,754 1,635 857 Q 436 Q 373

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 54,204 23,070 28,479 2,206 4,162 1,227

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 52,589 23,177 27,461 1,890 3,723 1,141

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 56,115 24,171 29,196 2,218 4,182 1,371

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 23,830 9,556 14,020 1,423 1,791 778

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 2,364 1,016 1,443 Q Q Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 11,079 5,163 5,737 710 1,575 Q

Water Heating Equipment

Centralized System ..................................... 35,579 35,579 12,585 19,755 1,534 2,715 1,020

Distributed System ...................................... 10,899 10,899 7,068 4,032 Q 566 Q

Combination of Centralized

 and Distributed System .............................. 9,637 9,637 4,519 5,409 498 901 Q

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA 871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 84
Electricity

Natural 

Gas Propane Electricity

Natural 

Gas Propane

All Buildings .......................................... 4,657 857 437 505 118 67,338 24,681 13,733 16,785 1,754

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ......................................... 2,348 357 189 189 70 6,774 1,095 574 602 205

5,001 to 10,000 ....................................... 1,110 176 76 121 Q 8,238 1,272 574 877 Q

10,001 to 25,000 ..................................... 708 150 76 80 Q 11,153 2,415 1,249 1,272 Q

25,001 to 50,000 ..................................... 257 72 39 46 5 9,311 2,630 1,432 1,637 184

50,001 to 100,000 ................................... 145 54 30 35 4 10,112 3,901 2,157 2,503 336

100,001 to 200,000 ................................. 59 29 16 19 2 8,271 4,092 2,260 2,705 348

200,001 to 500,000 ................................. 23 14 8 11 Q 6,851 4,254 2,456 3,418 Q

Over 500,000 ........................................... 7 5 3 4 Q 6,628 5,020 3,031 3,770 Q

Principal Building Activity

Education ................................................ 327 106 49 70 6 8,651 5,670 2,913 3,986 444

Food Sales .............................................. 174 85 69 27 Q 994 676 406 373 Q

Food Service ........................................... 349 316 142 220 71 1,851 1,761 858 1,348 273

Health Care ............................................. 127 11 5 8 Q 2,918 1,812 1,078 1,461 Q

 Inpatient ................................................. 11 9 4 8 Q 1,865 1,738 1,016 1,443 Q

 Outpatient .............................................. 116 Q Q Q N 1,053 Q Q Q N

Lodging .................................................... 153 41 17 23 Q 4,521 2,401 920 2,020 Q

Mercantile ................................................ 667 96 58 58 6 10,398 5,218 3,059 3,481 388

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ........................ 534 29 21 Q Q 4,766 811 630 333 Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ....................... 133 68 37 44 6 5,631 4,407 2,428 3,149 384

Office ....................................................... 739 19 12 10 Q 12,044 3,149 2,119 1,794 Q

Public Assembly ...................................... 305 101 50 44 Q 4,393 2,027 1,204 1,183 Q

Public Order and Safety .......................... 72 12 Q Q Q 1,168 301 Q Q Q

Religious Worship ................................... 307 51 19 36 Q 3,405 842 428 569 Q

Service .................................................... 478 Q Q Q N 3,388 Q Q Q N

Warehouse and Storage ......................... 603 Q Q Q N 10,477 Q Q Q N

Other ....................................................... 102 Q Q Q Q 1,222 Q Q Q Q

Vacant ..................................................... 253 Q Q Q N 1,908 Q Q Q N

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ......................................... 419 69 12 50 Q 4,034 1,091 425 766 Q

1920 to 1945 ........................................... 499 85 45 53 Q 6,445 2,232 1,132 1,508 Q

1946 to 1959 ........................................... 763 115 47 84 Q 9,127 3,195 1,467 2,416 Q

1960 to 1969 ........................................... 665 131 69 75 Q 10,866 4,178 2,428 2,786 Q

1970 to 1979 ........................................... 774 161 85 95 23 11,840 4,551 2,726 3,071 395

1980 to 1989 ........................................... 846 173 108 69 45 13,931 5,030 3,097 3,173 502

1990 to 1999 ........................................... 690 124 71 78 5 11,094 4,403 2,458 3,065 330

Census Region

Northeast ................................................. 686 141 68 65 36 12,360 5,245 2,680 3,380 523

Midwest ................................................... 1,188 221 92 153 Q 16,761 6,042 3,335 4,445 Q

South ....................................................... 1,762 315 206 160 35 23,485 8,569 5,166 5,345 789

West ........................................................ 1,021 181 71 127 Q 14,731 4,825 2,551 3,614 Q

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ........................................... 2,376 287 146 145 Q 14,321 1,651 830 778 Q

5 to 9 ....................................................... 807 131 43 75 Q 6,325 1,341 545 836 Q

10 to 19 ................................................... 683 172 92 113 Q 8,028 2,021 879 1,433 Q

20 to 49 ................................................... 487 154 95 99 20 10,814 3,871 2,169 2,595 341

50 to 99 ................................................... 174 65 33 42 5 8,898 4,354 2,354 2,969 338

100 to 249 ............................................... 90 30 16 19 3 8,356 4,305 2,349 2,970 445

250 or More ............................................. 39 18 12 12 Q 10,595 7,138 4,608 5,204 Q

Table B27. Cooking Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with 

Cooking

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with 

Cooking

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 85
Electricity

Natural 

Gas Propane Electricity

Natural 

Gas Propane

Table B27. Cooking Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with 

Cooking

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with 

Cooking

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ............................................. 978 93 32 42 Q 6,596 884 440 464 Q

40 to 48 ................................................... 1,156 97 34 57 Q 13,105 2,492 1,142 1,606 Q

49 to 60 ................................................... 986 131 55 80 12 14,200 4,159 2,298 2,646 266

61 to 84 ................................................... 664 188 84 140 19 12,458 6,052 3,464 4,443 284

85 to 167 ................................................. 474 264 182 134 40 9,116 4,659 2,917 2,618 472

Open Continuously .................................. 398 85 49 51 6 11,863 6,435 3,472 5,008 384

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ................................................. 4,395 857 437 505 118 65,716 24,681 13,733 16,785 1,754

Natural Gas ............................................. 2,670 615 264 505 3 45,525 19,857 10,015 16,785 292

Fuel Oil .................................................... 434 92 47 35 25 13,285 7,840 4,612 5,264 756

District Heat ............................................. 117 28 18 Q Q 5,891 2,487 1,445 1,563 Q

District Chilled Water .............................. 50 6 4 4 Q 2,750 1,047 530 701 Q

Propane ................................................... 451 158 87 5 118 6,290 3,005 1,838 616 1,754

Other ....................................................... 153 47 24 15 Q 2,322 1,331 968 717 Q

Water Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ................................................. 1,546 283 199 111 38 24,171 9,556 6,559 5,166 857

Natural Gas ............................................. 1,520 481 190 412 Q 29,185 14,020 6,875 11,979 Q

Fuel Oil .................................................... 110 35 18 6 17 2,218 1,423 811 654 436

District Heat ............................................. 62 11 8 4 Q 4,182 1,791 979 1,235 Q

Propane ................................................... 130 74 41 Q 55 1,371 778 554 Q 373

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating .................. 4,016 798 397 475 111 61,602 23,813 13,184 16,256 1,683

Buildings with Cooling ............................. 3,560 792 409 479 95 58,474 23,730 13,247 16,268 1,634

Buildings with Water Heating .................. 3,239 818 410 497 105 56,115 23,830 13,136 16,431 1,635

Buildings with Cooking ............................ 857 857 437 505 118 24,681 24,681 13,733 16,785 1,754

Buildings with Manufacturing ................... 151 Q Q Q Q 3,126 495 Q Q Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .............................................. 172 63 37 43 5 11,882 7,823 4,881 5,615 444

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA 871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 86
All

Buildings

Not 

Heated

1 to 50 

Percent 

Heated

51 to 99 

Percent 

Heated

100 

Percent 

Heated

All

Buildings

Not 

Heated

1 to 50 

Percent 

Heated

51 to 99 

Percent 

Heated

100 

Percent 

Heated

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 641 576 627 2,813 67,338 5,736 7,593 10,745 43,264

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 366 230 272 1,479 6,774 1,091 707 750 4,227

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 164 194 149 603 8,238 1,148 1,504 1,177 4,409

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 79 102 128 399 11,153 1,289 1,611 1,936 6,317

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 20 29 45 162 9,311 746 1,078 1,690 5,796

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 8 12 20 105 10,112 515 877 1,407 7,313

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 3 5 7 45 8,271 378 739 946 6,207

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 1 2 4 16 6,851 406 589 1,341 4,515

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 Q 1 2 5 6,628 Q 487 1,498 4,480

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 Q Q 43 269 8,651 Q Q 1,184 7,253

Food Sales .................................................. 174 Q Q 58 84 994 Q Q 151 623

Food Service ............................................... 349 Q Q 67 213 1,851 Q Q 428 1,084

Health Care ................................................. 127 N Q 20 94 2,918 N Q 496 2,272

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 N Q 2 9 1,865 N Q 295 1,477

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 N Q Q 85 1,053 N Q Q 795

Lodging ........................................................ 153 Q 12 22 117 4,521 Q 367 807 3,250

Mercantile .................................................... 667 41 103 117 405 10,398 550 1,131 2,109 6,608

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 Q 84 108 311 4,766 Q 711 1,211 2,693

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 Q Q 10 94 5,631 Q 420 898 3,915

Office ........................................................... 739 Q 22 98 608 12,044 234 486 2,570 8,754

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 31 30 20 224 4,393 378 342 540 3,133

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 Q Q Q 41 1,168 Q Q Q 819

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 Q Q 35 253 3,405 Q Q 618 2,632

Service ........................................................ 478 57 72 94 255 3,388 362 406 628 1,993

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 247 205 29 123 10,477 2,373 3,749 850 3,505

Other ............................................................ 102 Q Q Q 70 1,222 Q Q Q 833

Vacant ......................................................... 253 168 Q Q 58 1,908 1,154 Q Q 505

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 69 48 56 246 4,034 441 507 798 2,288

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 69 79 103 248 6,445 886 834 1,249 3,476

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 97 93 86 487 9,127 725 1,304 1,178 5,920

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 108 58 75 424 10,866 901 1,038 1,891 7,037

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 83 107 86 498 11,840 924 1,458 1,670 7,789

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 133 113 111 490 13,931 1,366 1,254 2,181 9,131

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 82 78 109 421 11,094 493 1,198 1,777 7,625

Floors

One .............................................................. 2,879 500 329 322 1,728 26,800 3,722 3,850 2,913 16,315

Two .............................................................. 1,168 94 209 163 702 16,985 1,052 2,534 2,616 10,783

Three ........................................................... 420 34 18 113 255 8,928 440 362 2,253 5,873

Four to Nine ................................................. 178 Q 20 25 120 10,180 427 577 1,842 7,334

Ten or More ................................................. 11 Q 1 3 8 4,445 Q 270 1,121 2,960

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 86 83 82 436 12,360 693 1,053 1,688 8,927

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 138 151 175 724 16,761 846 1,571 2,323 12,022

South ........................................................... 1,762 259 182 254 1,067 23,485 2,887 2,538 4,335 13,725

West ............................................................ 1,021 158 160 117 586 14,731 1,310 2,432 2,399 8,590

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................................ 525 Q 64 64 347 5,890 Q 674 626 4,368

 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................................... 986 115 105 145 621 17,083 877 1,091 2,478 12,637

 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................................... 1,085 136 154 144 651 16,243 952 1,760 2,701 10,831

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 1,134 137 125 154 718 16,333 1,410 2,270 3,061 9,593

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 926 203 129 119 476 11,788 2,276 1,797 1,879 5,836

Table B28. Percent of Floorspace Heated, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 87
All

Buildings

Not 

Heated

1 to 50 

Percent 

Heated

51 to 99 

Percent 

Heated

100 

Percent 

Heated

All

Buildings

Not 

Heated

1 to 50 

Percent 

Heated

51 to 99 

Percent 

Heated

100 

Percent 

Heated

Table B28. Percent of Floorspace Heated, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 541 326 332 1,176 14,321 3,769 2,323 2,174 6,055

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 34 155 77 541 6,325 305 1,426 732 3,862

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 16 57 95 515 8,028 265 1,249 1,304 5,209

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 32 21 86 349 10,814 468 958 1,848 7,541

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 8 14 21 132 8,898 362 776 1,137 6,622

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 Q 2 10 69 8,356 Q 357 1,206 6,490

250 or More ................................................. 39 Q 1 7 31 10,595 Q 504 2,344 7,485

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 340 100 41 497 6,596 2,379 657 368 3,191

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 87 186 202 680 13,105 1,015 2,258 2,290 7,541

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 43 118 137 689 14,200 523 1,753 2,538 9,386

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 66 94 97 408 12,458 670 1,224 2,100 8,463

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 68 42 74 290 9,116 717 925 1,366 6,108

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 37 36 76 250 11,863 431 775 2,082 8,575

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 140 110 Q Q Q 953 721 Q Q Q

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 113 58 Q Q 38 956 433 Q Q 319

Partially Vacant ............................................ 697 146 99 107 345 15,520 1,664 1,950 2,904 9,003

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 3,707 327 454 515 2,410 49,910 2,918 5,438 7,797 33,757

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 387 569 626 2,813 65,716 4,151 7,564 10,737 43,264

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 82 322 441 1,825 45,525 1,141 4,873 8,052 31,460

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 Q 62 59 311 13,285 Q 1,113 2,584 9,377

District Heat ................................................. 117 Q Q 22 90 5,891 Q Q 986 4,708

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 Q Q 4 43 2,750 Q Q 379 2,298

Propane ....................................................... 451 Q 87 50 298 6,290 Q 1,046 1,083 3,947

Other ............................................................ 153 Q 49 17 84 2,322 Q 261 473 1,541

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 1,880 N 290 255 1,335 32,291 N 4,722 6,110 21,459

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,380 Q 301 394 1,685 37,902 Q 4,319 6,642 26,932

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 377 N 58 52 266 5,611 N 564 786 4,260

District Heat ................................................. 96 N Q 16 80 5,534 N Q 886 4,575

Propane ....................................................... 307 N 61 30 216 2,728 N 461 421 1,845

Other ............................................................ 94 N Q Q 42 945 N Q Q 593

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity ..................................................... 1,128 N 189 165 774 17,627 N 3,013 3,275 11,339

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,189 N 277 365 1,547 32,729 N 3,648 5,829 23,252

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 302 N 44 45 213 3,719 N 481 409 2,829

District Heat ................................................. 77 N Q 15 61 5,077 N Q 837 4,176

Propane ....................................................... 282 N Q 28 205 2,107 N Q 339 1,445

Other ............................................................ 38 N Q Q Q 343 N Q Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 N 576 627 2,813 61,602 N 7,593 10,745 43,264

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 159 461 524 2,415 58,474 2,113 6,619 9,939 39,802

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 152 373 476 2,237 56,115 1,911 5,823 9,453 38,928

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 59 72 148 578 24,681 867 1,326 4,410 18,077

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 Q 37 14 92 3,126 Q 890 376 1,766

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 Q Q 25 129 11,882 Q 700 2,523 8,420

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 88
All

Buildings

Not 

Heated

1 to 50 

Percent 

Heated

51 to 99 

Percent 

Heated

100 

Percent 

Heated

All

Buildings

Not 

Heated

1 to 50 

Percent 

Heated

51 to 99 

Percent 

Heated

100 

Percent 

Heated

Table B28. Percent of Floorspace Heated, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 1,097 482 115 102 398 8,864 3,622 974 806 3,462

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,012 47 400 113 452 16,846 653 5,549 2,146 8,498

51 to 99 ........................................................ 751 26 24 364 337 16,966 329 628 6,831 9,178

100 ............................................................... 1,796 87 36 48 1,625 24,662 1,131 441 963 22,126

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 34 Q Q N Q 173 Q Q N Q

1 to 50 .......................................................... 835 94 277 114 349 9,187 1,012 2,994 1,427 3,754

51 to 99 ........................................................ 1,228 66 71 313 778 20,665 715 1,313 5,374 13,264

100 ............................................................... 2,096 101 206 196 1,593 34,233 1,508 3,054 3,925 25,747

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 464 354 Q Q 86 3,080 2,400 Q Q 445

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 492 N 53 70 369 8,923 N 1,098 1,797 6,028

Furnaces ...................................................... 1,460 N 236 271 953 14,449 N 2,718 3,042 8,689

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 894 N 137 150 607 17,349 N 2,432 3,332 11,585

District Heat ................................................. 96 N Q 16 80 5,534 N Q 886 4,575

Boilers ......................................................... 581 N 54 66 460 19,522 N 1,203 2,977 15,343

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 1,347 N 129 232 986 25,743 N 2,702 4,661 18,380

Other ............................................................ 185 N 53 13 118 4,073 N 607 774 2,692

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 2,130 82 233 293 1,521 38,193 1,232 3,380 6,378 27,204

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 1,283 58 161 197 868 29,915 1,138 2,841 5,318 20,619

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 550 33 64 53 399 19,387 445 1,434 3,339 14,169

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 567 Q 15 102 442 21,256 Q 902 3,565 16,640

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 2,786 81 302 419 1,983 53,395 1,412 5,057 8,836 38,090

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 460 8 24 41 387 21,613 360 989 3,492 16,771

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 2,862 N 409 435 2,018 39,969 N 5,198 6,853 27,918

Cooling ........................................................ 2,622 103 368 375 1,776 39,161 1,418 4,837 6,496 26,410

Lighting ........................................................ 3,675 227 515 517 2,415 51,083 2,783 6,498 8,362 33,440

Office Equipment ......................................... 184 Q 7 25 148 9,063 Q 395 1,408 6,998

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 89
All

Buildings

Not 

Cooled

1 to 50 

Percent 

Cooled

51 to 99 

Percent 

Cooled

100 

Percent 

Cooled

All

Buildings

Not 

Cooled

1 to 50 

Percent 

Cooled

51 to 99 

Percent 

Cooled

100 

Percent 

Cooled

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 1,097 1,012 751 1,796 67,338 8,864 16,846 16,966 24,662

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 668 352 294 1,034 6,774 1,895 1,084 838 2,957

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 282 292 188 348 8,238 2,026 2,233 1,435 2,544

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 98 242 146 222 11,153 1,623 3,829 2,224 3,477

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 34 69 58 96 9,311 1,195 2,517 2,128 3,470

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 10 37 37 60 10,112 711 2,574 2,668 4,159

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 4 13 16 27 8,271 662 1,701 2,281 3,627

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 2 7 8 7 6,851 506 1,950 2,339 2,055

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 Q 1 3 2 6,628 Q 957 3,053 2,372

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 54 55 59 160 8,651 678 2,718 2,242 3,013

Food Sales .................................................. 174 Q Q 57 88 994 Q Q 372 440

Food Service ............................................... 349 Q 59 98 167 1,851 Q 274 752 734

Health Care ................................................. 127 Q Q 27 76 2,918 Q Q 1,258 1,409

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 Q Q 3 4 1,865 Q Q 943 757

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 N Q 23 72 1,053 N Q 315 652

Lodging ........................................................ 153 27 12 35 80 4,521 470 368 1,542 2,141

Mercantile .................................................... 667 35 210 152 270 10,398 224 1,982 3,227 4,965

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 34 184 117 199 4,766 194 1,662 1,266 1,645

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 Q Q 35 71 5,631 Q Q 1,961 3,320

Office ........................................................... 739 22 63 154 499 12,044 262 893 4,525 6,363

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 73 20 54 157 4,393 535 602 1,059 2,198

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 Q 16 9 6 1,168 Q 200 285 274

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 76 55 41 136 3,405 640 746 688 1,331

Service ........................................................ 478 190 185 34 69 3,388 907 1,598 338 545

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 295 264 Q 26 10,477 2,855 6,721 299 601

Other ............................................................ 102 Q 24 6 45 1,222 Q 276 323 488

Vacant ......................................................... 253 226 Q Q Q 1,908 1,540 Q Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 159 105 65 90 4,034 1,123 1,237 1,022 653

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 186 133 94 86 6,445 2,062 1,936 1,234 1,213

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 174 205 102 282 9,127 1,526 3,068 1,796 2,737

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 169 126 123 247 10,866 1,542 2,406 3,235 3,683

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 125 163 118 368 11,840 790 2,812 2,998 5,240

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 144 148 128 426 13,931 1,083 2,833 3,584 6,431

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 141 131 122 296 11,094 739 2,553 3,096 4,706

Floors

One .............................................................. 2,879 781 481 363 1,255 26,800 4,944 7,123 4,299 10,434

Two .............................................................. 1,168 195 361 218 394 16,985 1,794 5,309 3,984 5,898

Three ........................................................... 420 88 138 114 80 8,928 969 2,717 2,647 2,594

Four to Nine ................................................. 178 33 31 51 62 10,180 971 1,480 3,729 3,999

Ten or More ................................................. 11 Q 1 5 5 4,445 Q 216 2,306 1,737

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 213 226 80 168 12,360 2,049 3,914 3,196 3,202

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 327 330 207 324 16,761 2,390 5,068 4,741 4,562

South ........................................................... 1,762 256 289 320 896 23,485 1,936 4,618 5,801 11,130

West ............................................................ 1,021 301 167 144 409 14,731 2,489 3,246 3,229 5,768

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................................ 525 159 169 101 96 5,890 1,086 2,218 1,442 1,144

 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................................... 986 275 266 167 278 17,083 2,794 4,601 4,744 4,944

 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................................... 1,085 319 263 153 350 16,243 2,245 4,435 4,416 5,148

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 1,134 221 141 173 599 16,333 1,798 3,068 3,826 7,641

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 926 123 173 157 474 11,788 941 2,524 2,538 5,785

Table B29. Percent of Floorspace Cooled, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 90
All

Buildings

Not 

Cooled

1 to 50 

Percent 

Cooled

51 to 99 

Percent 

Cooled

100 

Percent 

Cooled

All

Buildings

Not 

Cooled

1 to 50 

Percent 

Cooled

51 to 99 

Percent 

Cooled

100 

Percent 

Cooled

Table B29. Percent of Floorspace Cooled, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 862 416 314 784 14,321 5,617 3,288 1,843 3,573

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 126 270 89 322 6,325 1,034 2,477 734 2,080

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 47 170 152 314 8,028 618 2,799 1,977 2,634

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 54 99 106 228 10,814 884 3,152 2,714 4,065

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 5 36 50 83 8,898 379 2,173 2,510 3,837

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 Q 19 28 42 8,356 Q 1,910 2,639 3,580

250 or More ................................................. 39 Q 3 13 23 10,595 Q 1,048 4,550 4,893

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 539 88 66 285 6,596 3,483 815 596 1,702

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 188 309 170 489 13,105 2,064 4,305 2,311 4,426

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 136 292 184 375 14,200 974 4,595 3,580 5,050

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 102 198 124 242 12,458 757 2,797 3,634 5,270

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 38 71 127 238 9,116 588 2,561 2,645 3,322

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 94 54 82 168 11,863 998 1,774 4,201 4,891

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 140 128 Q Q Q 953 797 Q Q Q

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 113 98 Q Q Q 956 743 Q Q Q

Partially Vacant ............................................ 697 198 134 158 206 15,520 1,723 2,849 5,123 5,825

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 3,707 673 874 585 1,575 49,910 5,601 13,844 11,788 18,677

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 836 1,012 751 1,796 65,716 7,242 16,846 16,966 24,662

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 335 679 544 1,112 45,525 3,378 12,068 12,694 17,386

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 132 149 63 90 13,285 1,100 3,354 4,780 4,051

District Heat ................................................. 117 20 9 31 57 5,891 726 583 1,957 2,626

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 N Q 8 40 2,750 N Q 772 1,805

Propane ....................................................... 451 133 97 52 169 6,290 875 2,203 1,620 1,592

Other ............................................................ 153 46 34 19 54 2,322 253 574 756 739

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 3,450 N 1,005 720 1,725 55,545 N 16,536 16,117 22,893

Natural Gas ................................................. 142 N 20 32 90 1,914 N 435 609 870

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 N Q 8 40 2,750 N Q 772 1,805

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 616 965 725 1,709 61,602 5,242 16,193 16,637 23,531

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 N 1,012 751 1,796 58,474 N 16,846 16,966 24,662

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 324 754 660 1,500 56,115 3,526 14,119 15,905 22,565

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 66 154 228 410 24,681 950 3,979 9,208 10,543

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 22 76 Q 42 3,126 265 1,765 517 580

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 23 40 48 61 11,882 344 1,634 5,316 4,588

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 641 482 47 26 87 5,736 3,622 653 329 1,131

1 to 50 .......................................................... 576 115 400 24 36 7,593 974 5,549 628 441

51 to 99 ........................................................ 627 102 113 364 48 10,745 806 2,146 6,831 963

100 ............................................................... 2,813 398 452 337 1,625 43,264 3,462 8,498 9,178 22,126

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 34 Q Q N Q 173 Q Q N Q

1 to 50 .......................................................... 835 177 397 76 186 9,187 1,808 4,383 1,280 1,716

51 to 99 ........................................................ 1,228 132 240 414 442 20,665 1,317 4,310 9,032 6,005

100 ............................................................... 2,096 348 365 258 1,125 34,233 3,024 8,000 6,617 16,593

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used ........ 464 414 Q Q Q 3,080 2,608 Q Q Q

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 91
All

Buildings

Not 

Cooled

1 to 50 

Percent 

Cooled

51 to 99 

Percent 

Cooled

100 

Percent 

Cooled

All

Buildings

Not 

Cooled

1 to 50 

Percent 

Cooled

51 to 99 

Percent 

Cooled

100 

Percent 

Cooled

Table B29. Percent of Floorspace Cooled, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 676 N 241 156 280 8,329 N 3,054 2,604 2,672

Heat Pumps ................................................. 485 N 84 92 310 9,147 N 1,910 3,040 4,197

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 799 N 414 161 224 14,276 N 6,855 3,647 3,774

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 N Q 8 40 2,750 N Q 772 1,805

Central Chillers ............................................ 130 N Q 45 66 12,909 N 903 6,368 5,639

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 1,953 N 390 445 1,118 36,527 N 9,465 10,695 16,368

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 136 N 39 32 65 2,219 N 880 540 800

Other ............................................................ 49 N Q 19 Q 1,312 N 233 591 488

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 2,130 295 524 392 919 38,193 2,717 9,607 11,157 14,713

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 1,283 103 273 266 641 29,915 1,195 6,143 9,377 13,201

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 550 Q 91 116 328 19,387 378 2,436 7,098 9,475

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 567 N 72 151 344 21,256 N 3,067 8,012 10,176

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 2,786 266 682 542 1,297 53,395 3,086 13,113 15,243 21,953

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 460 37 74 85 264 21,613 795 2,983 7,618 10,216

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 2,862 414 738 494 1,216 39,969 3,329 11,278 10,170 15,191

Cooling ........................................................ 2,622 N 806 533 1,283 39,161 N 12,168 10,686 16,307

Lighting ........................................................ 3,675 565 927 627 1,556 51,083 5,079 14,601 12,311 19,093

Office Equipment ......................................... 184 9 41 41 93 9,063 315 2,614 2,454 3,679

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 92
All

Buildings Not Lit

a

1 to 50 

Percent

Lit

51 to 99 

Percent

Lit

100 

Percent

Lit

All

Buildings Not Lit

a

1 to 50 

Percent

Lit

51 to 99 

Percent 

Lit

100 

Percent

Lit

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 498 835 1,228 2,096 67,338 3,253 9,187 20,665 34,233

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 323 351 517 1,156 6,774 915 1,061 1,499 3,299

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 114 279 351 367 8,238 818 2,014 2,614 2,793

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 47 147 198 316 11,153 796 2,320 3,085 4,953

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 10 40 84 124 9,311 325 1,474 3,013 4,499

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 Q 13 52 77 10,112 Q 925 3,657 5,387

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 Q 4 16 39 8,271 Q 529 2,247 5,407

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 Q 2 8 13 6,851 Q 448 2,345 3,914

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 Q 0 3 4 6,628 Q 415 2,206 3,982

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 Q 28 98 202 8,651 Q 503 3,492 4,644

Food Sales .................................................. 174 Q Q 46 95 994 Q Q 160 621

Food Service ............................................... 349 Q 68 109 171 1,851 Q 443 658 746

Health Care ................................................. 127 N Q 58 47 2,918 N Q 1,475 1,383

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 N N 6 5 1,865 N N 1,022 843

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 N Q 52 42 1,053 N Q 453 540

Lodging ........................................................ 153 Q 29 50 70 4,521 Q 857 1,508 2,111

Mercantile .................................................... 667 Q 101 206 352 10,398 Q 1,204 3,144 5,993

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 Q 81 163 282 4,766 Q 638 1,459 2,616

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 Q Q 43 71 5,631 Q 567 1,685 3,376

Office ........................................................... 739 Q 93 264 381 12,044 Q 753 4,642 6,642

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 Q 53 109 118 4,393 Q 616 1,862 1,811

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 Q Q 30 26 1,168 Q Q 321 636

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 N 78 89 141 3,405 N 1,056 993 1,357

Service ........................................................ 478 Q 104 111 250 3,388 Q 642 768 1,927

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 193 180 47 183 10,477 1,211 2,357 1,413 5,496

Other ............................................................ 102 Q Q Q 60 1,222 Q Q 222 815

Vacant ......................................................... 253 222 31 Q Q 1,908 1,553 297 Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 77 122 121 99 4,034 486 1,130 1,290 1,129

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 65 152 107 175 6,445 590 1,452 1,879 2,523

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 88 159 202 315 9,127 621 1,720 2,856 3,930

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 73 91 218 283 10,866 388 1,162 3,765 5,552

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 51 113 237 374 11,840 284 1,448 3,832 6,276

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 76 108 199 464 13,931 659 1,318 3,801 8,153

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 Q 91 144 387 11,094 Q 957 3,242 6,670

Floors

One .............................................................. 2,879 367 391 614 1,507 26,800 1,938 3,498 6,059 15,305

Two .............................................................. 1,168 87 300 398 383 16,985 633 3,017 5,581 7,755

Three ........................................................... 420 27 111 136 147 8,928 309 1,589 3,339 3,691

Four to Nine ................................................. 178 Q 32 75 53 10,180 Q 978 3,928 4,960

Ten or More ................................................. 11 Q Q 4 6 4,445 Q Q 1,758 2,523

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 79 123 194 291 12,360 582 1,620 4,081 6,077

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 156 273 337 422 16,761 793 2,486 5,814 7,668

South ........................................................... 1,762 173 275 453 862 23,485 1,263 3,013 6,392 12,817

West ............................................................ 1,021 90 164 245 522 14,731 614 2,068 4,378 7,671

Table B30. Percent of Floorspace Lit When Open, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 

1999

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 93
All

Buildings Not Lit

a

1 to 50 

Percent

Lit

51 to 99 

Percent

Lit

100 

Percent

Lit

All

Buildings Not Lit

a

1 to 50 

Percent

Lit

51 to 99 

Percent 

Lit

100 

Percent

Lit

Table B30. Percent of Floorspace Lit When Open, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 

1999

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 467 558 487 865 14,321 3,096 3,999 2,822 4,404

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 Q 135 216 442 6,325 Q 1,649 1,733 2,869

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 Q 102 210 354 8,028 Q 1,679 2,336 3,930

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 N 32 190 264 10,814 N 996 3,974 5,844

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 N 7 78 90 8,898 N 405 3,562 4,931

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 N Q 35 54 8,356 N Q 2,485 5,526

250 or More ................................................. 39 N Q 12 27 10,595 N Q 3,752 6,729

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 411 146 135 286 6,596 2,741 920 1,003 1,932

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 Q 280 346 521 13,105 Q 2,851 4,172 6,037

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 Q 209 279 490 14,200 Q 2,080 4,882 7,208

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 Q 72 194 361 12,458 Q 1,300 4,041 6,970

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 Q 59 162 237 9,116 Q 918 2,603 5,384

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 Q 69 112 201 11,863 Q 1,118 3,964 6,702

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 140 140 N N N 953 953 N N N

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 113 82 31 Q Q 956 601 297 Q Q

Partially Vacant ............................................ 697 142 158 225 172 15,520 904 2,180 5,417 7,018

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 3,707 134 646 1,003 1,923 49,910 795 6,710 15,241 27,163

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 236 835 1,228 2,096 65,716 1,631 9,187 20,665 34,233

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 70 500 884 1,216 45,525 648 5,855 15,751 23,271

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 Q 53 150 211 13,285 Q 1,150 4,771 7,271

District Heat ................................................. 117 N 17 44 56 5,891 N 444 2,024 3,423

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 N Q Q 21 2,750 N Q 880 1,655

Propane ....................................................... 451 Q 82 96 257 6,290 Q 1,019 1,523 3,713

Other ............................................................ 153 Q Q 48 82 2,322 Q Q 1,025 1,140

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 118 741 1,162 1,995 61,602 752 8,175 19,950 32,725

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 58 658 1,096 1,748 58,474 538 7,379 19,348 31,209

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 52 584 999 1,603 56,115 528 7,073 18,484 30,029

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 Q 140 283 434 24,681 Q 2,273 9,115 13,259

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 Q 24 33 88 3,126 Q 263 765 2,041

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 Q Q 70 82 11,882 Q 646 4,636 6,576

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 641 380 94 66 101 5,736 2,500 1,012 715 1,508

1 to 50 .......................................................... 576 21 277 71 206 7,593 232 2,994 1,313 3,054

51 to 99 ........................................................ 627 Q 114 313 196 10,745 Q 1,427 5,374 3,925

100 ............................................................... 2,813 93 349 778 1,593 43,264 500 3,754 13,264 25,747

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 1,097 440 177 132 348 8,864 2,715 1,808 1,317 3,024

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,012 Q 397 240 365 16,846 Q 4,383 4,310 8,000

51 to 99 ........................................................ 751 Q 76 414 258 16,966 Q 1,280 9,032 6,617

100 ............................................................... 1,796 Q 186 442 1,125 24,662 Q 1,716 6,005 16,593

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 94
All

Buildings Not Lit

a

1 to 50 

Percent

Lit

51 to 99 

Percent

Lit

100 

Percent

Lit

All

Buildings Not Lit

a

1 to 50 

Percent

Lit

51 to 99 

Percent 

Lit

100 

Percent

Lit

Table B30. Percent of Floorspace Lit When Open, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 

1999

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Percent Lit When Closed

Zero ............................................................. 2,174 215 490 515 954 20,771 1,343 4,479 4,962 9,987

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,688 Q 258 553 866 30,950 Q 3,488 11,140 16,095

51 to 100 ...................................................... 143 Q Q 49 76 2,160 Q Q 599 1,449

Building Never Closed/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 652 270 69 112 201 13,457 1,673 1,118 3,964 6,702

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 2,193 Q 476 780 928 38,156 Q 5,551 14,573 17,940

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 3,778 Q 708 1,117 1,941 60,344 213 8,127 19,430 32,575

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 607 Q 112 223 271 20,666 Q 1,878 8,141 10,615

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 430 Q 94 120 215 19,223 Q 1,442 6,629 11,148

Halogen ....................................................... 572 Q 110 226 236 17,926 Q 1,784 6,977 9,135

Other ............................................................ 58 Q Q 26 30 1,004 Q Q 503 418

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 2,130 86 356 622 1,066 38,193 713 4,146 12,662 20,672

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 1,283 41 201 386 656 29,915 332 2,648 9,705 17,231

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 843 Q 118 259 466 19,994 Q 1,936 6,993 11,053

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 2,167 Q 439 593 1,135 42,035 Q 5,299 13,311 23,392

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 580 50 101 174 256 18,286 445 1,891 6,320 9,630

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 2,862 81 519 878 1,384 39,969 493 5,573 13,152 20,750

Cooling ........................................................ 2,622 41 504 846 1,230 39,161 418 5,510 13,167 20,066

Lighting ........................................................ 3,675 N 742 1,077 1,855 51,083 N 7,736 16,402 26,945

Office Equipment ......................................... 184 Q 7 79 98 9,063 Q 317 3,458 5,277

a

 "Not Lit" includes buildings that were zero percent lit when open, buildings that were never open, and buildings that did not use any electricity.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 95
Total 

Floorspacea

Heated 

Floorspaceb

Total 

Floorspacea

Cooled 

Floorspaceb

Total 

Floorspacea

Lit 

Floorspaceb

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 61,602 53,812 58,474 42,420 64,085 54,696

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 5,684 5,055 4,879 3,958 5,859 4,877

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 7,090 5,744 6,212 4,333 7,421 5,583

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 9,865 8,196 9,530 6,195 10,358 8,251

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 8,565 7,439 8,116 5,767 8,986 7,528

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 9,597 8,676 9,401 6,817 9,970 8,753

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 7,893 7,144 7,609 5,832 8,183 7,537

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 6,445 5,757 6,345 4,421 6,706 6,068

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 6,465 5,803 6,382 5,098 6,603 6,100

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 8,612 8,294 7,973 5,341 8,639 7,918

Food Sales .................................................. 994 880 760 978 789 992 852

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 1,721 1,520 1,760 1,431 1,848 1,450

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 2,918 2,722 2,815 2,530 2,918 2,702

 Inpatient ..................................................... 1,865 1,865 1,740 1,762 1,580 1,865 1,757

 Outpatient .................................................. 1,053 1,053 983 1,053 949 1,053 945

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 4,424 4,028 4,051 3,520 4,476 3,610

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 9,848 8,629 10,174 8,247 10,341 9,038

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 4,766 4,615 3,806 4,573 3,125 4,713 3,973

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 5,631 5,233 4,823 5,601 5,122 5,628 5,065

Office ........................................................... 12,044 11,810 11,001 11,782 10,437 12,037 10,855

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 4,015 3,667 3,859 3,183 4,290 3,518

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 1,021 952 760 573 1,006 914

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 3,383 3,154 2,765 2,127 3,405 2,543

Service ........................................................ 3,388 3,027 2,594 2,481 1,239 3,336 2,785

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 8,104 4,930 7,621 1,982 9,266 7,329

Other ............................................................ 1,222 1,086 981 1,087 791 1,176 1,052

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 754 579 368 228 355 129

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 3,593 3,045 2,911 1,762 3,548 2,571

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 5,559 4,714 4,383 2,622 5,855 4,543

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 8,402 7,157 7,601 4,872 8,506 6,918

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 9,966 8,851 9,325 6,913 10,479 9,050

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 10,916 9,441 11,050 8,364 11,556 10,057

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 12,566 11,254 12,849 10,085 13,272 11,871

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 10,600 9,349 10,355 7,802 10,869 9,686

Floors

One .............................................................. 26,800 23,078 19,623 21,856 15,431 24,863 21,574

Two .............................................................. 16,985 15,933 13,569 15,192 10,486 16,352 13,418

Three ........................................................... 8,928 8,487 7,675 7,959 5,326 8,619 6,925

Four to Nine ................................................. 10,180 9,753 9,001 9,208 7,416 9,866 8,671

Ten or More ................................................. 4,445 4,351 3,943 4,259 3,761 4,386 4,108

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 11,667 10,574 10,311 6,656 11,778 10,074

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 15,916 14,321 14,371 9,447 15,968 13,380

South ........................................................... 23,485 20,598 17,868 21,549 17,183 22,222 19,254

West ............................................................ 14,731 13,421 11,049 12,243 9,133 14,117 11,989

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................................ 5,890 5,669 5,096 4,804 2,815 5,634 4,655

 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................................... 17,083 16,206 14,883 14,289 9,655 16,398 13,935

 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................................... 16,243 15,292 13,492 13,999 9,830 15,438 13,256

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 16,333 14,923 12,492 14,535 11,601 15,428 13,374

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 11,788 9,512 7,850 10,847 8,519 11,187 9,476

Table B31. Heated, Cooled, and Lit Buildings, Floorspace, 1999

Heated Buildings Cooled Buildings Lit Buildingsc

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 96
Total 

Floorspacea

Heated 

Floorspaceb

Total 

Floorspacea

Cooled 

Floorspaceb

Total 

Floorspacea

Lit 

Floorspaceb

Table B31. Heated, Cooled, and Lit Buildings, Floorspace, 1999

Heated Buildings Cooled Buildings Lit Buildingsc

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 10,552 8,307 8,704 5,791 11,225 7,855

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 6,020 4,829 5,291 3,322 6,251 4,825

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 7,762 6,543 7,409 4,791 7,945 6,454

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 10,347 9,297 9,930 6,988 10,814 9,549

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 8,536 7,711 8,519 6,345 8,898 8,128

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 8,053 7,597 8,129 6,158 8,356 7,789

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 10,333 9,528 10,491 9,026 10,595 10,097

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 4,217 3,660 3,113 2,406 3,855 3,096

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 12,090 9,874 11,041 7,203 13,061 10,325

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 13,677 11,855 13,225 9,068 14,170 12,070

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 11,787 10,474 11,701 8,870 12,312 10,831

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 8,399 7,480 8,528 6,079 8,905 7,971

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 11,432 10,469 10,866 8,794 11,784 10,402

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 953 QQQQN N

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 956 522 375 212 95 355 129

Partially Vacant ............................................ 15,520 13,856 11,851 13,797 10,745 14,616 12,297

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 49,910 46,992 41,382 44,309 31,446 49,114 42,270

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 61,565 53,800 58,474 42,420 64,085 54,696

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 44,385 39,168 42,147 30,553 44,877 38,486

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 13,074 11,792 12,185 8,821 13,192 11,786

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 5,862 5,571 5,165 4,370 5,891 5,348

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,739 2,646 2,750 2,522 2,750 2,523

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 6,076 5,068 5,415 3,359 6,255 5,288

Other ............................................................ 2,322 2,276 1,996 2,069 1,438 2,292 2,015

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 32,291 32,291 27,585 30,961 23,462 31,953 27,516

Natural Gas ................................................. 37,902 37,893 33,395 35,080 24,720 37,436 32,042

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 5,611 5,611 5,042 4,638 2,618 5,518 4,746

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 5,534 5,330 4,844 4,119 5,534 5,074

Propane ....................................................... 2,728 2,728 2,284 2,191 1,542 2,692 2,193

Other ............................................................ 945 945 798 779 516 936 767

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity ..................................................... 17,627 17,627 14,742 17,160 13,699 17,444 14,990

Natural Gas ................................................. 32,729 32,729 28,846 30,003 20,630 32,288 27,652

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 3,719 3,719 3,278 2,912 1,514 3,635 3,043

District Heat ................................................. 5,077 5,077 4,887 4,392 3,733 5,077 4,661

Propane ....................................................... 2,107 2,107 1,772 1,631 1,183 2,072 1,698

Other ............................................................ 343 343 286 263 146 335 252

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 55,545 53,459 46,741 55,545 39,881 55,007 47,392

Natural Gas ................................................. 1,914 1,898 1,719 1,914 1,485 1,914 1,644

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,739 2,646 2,750 2,522 2,750 2,523

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 97
Total 

Floorspacea

Heated 

Floorspaceb

Total 

Floorspacea

Cooled 

Floorspaceb

Total 

Floorspacea

Lit 

Floorspaceb

Table B31. Heated, Cooled, and Lit Buildings, Floorspace, 1999

Heated Buildings Cooled Buildings Lit Buildingsc

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 61,602 53,812 56,361 40,905 60,850 52,296

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 56,361 49,482 58,474 42,420 57,936 50,055

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 54,204 48,070 52,589 38,844 55,586 48,125

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 23,813 22,090 23,730 19,070 24,647 21,920

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 3,031 2,250 2,861 1,338 3,069 2,750

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 11,643 10,702 11,538 9,415 11,857 10,840

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 5,736 N N 2,113 1,514 3,235 2,400

1 to 50 .......................................................... 7,593 7,593 2,009 6,619 2,220 7,361 5,091

51 to 99 ........................................................ 10,745 10,745 8,538 9,939 7,067 10,725 8,796

100 ............................................................... 43,264 43,264 43,264 39,802 31,618 42,764 38,409

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 8,864 5,242 4,330 N N 6,149 4,641

1 to 50 .......................................................... 16,846 16,193 11,547 16,846 3,975 16,693 13,033

51 to 99 ........................................................ 16,966 16,637 14,935 16,966 13,783 16,930 14,678

100 ............................................................... 24,662 23,531 23,000 24,662 24,662 24,314 22,344

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 173 QQQQN N

1 to 50 .......................................................... 9,187 8,175 5,728 7,379 3,853 9,187 3,267

51 to 99 ........................................................ 20,665 19,950 17,807 19,348 14,402 20,665 17,195

100 ............................................................... 34,233 32,725 29,701 31,209 23,763 34,233 34,233

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 3,080 679 515 472 369 N N

Percent Lit When Closed

Zero ............................................................. 20,771 18,394 15,115 16,581 10,754 19,428 15,591

1 to 50 .......................................................... 30,950 29,724 26,410 28,964 21,215 30,723 26,740

51 to 100 ...................................................... 2,160 2,015 1,806 2,064 1,657 2,151 1,963

Building Never Closed/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 13,457 11,469 10,481 10,866 8,794 11,784 10,402

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 8,923 8,923 7,819 8,766 7,104 8,870 7,803

Furnaces ...................................................... 14,449 14,449 11,825 12,819 7,866 14,304 11,385

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 17,349 17,349 14,759 15,708 10,273 17,129 14,722

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 5,534 5,330 4,844 4,119 5,534 5,074

Boilers ......................................................... 19,522 19,522 18,039 17,947 12,574 19,431 17,008

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 25,743 25,743 22,846 25,134 19,505 25,512 22,714

Other ............................................................ 4,073 4,073 3,469 3,592 2,702 3,951 3,453

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 8,329 8,010 6,610 8,329 5,473 8,265 6,712

Heat Pumps ................................................. 9,147 9,052 7,986 9,147 7,321 9,120 8,032

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 14,276 13,754 11,898 14,276 8,142 14,055 11,626

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,739 2,646 2,750 2,522 2,750 2,523

Central Chillers ............................................ 12,909 12,560 11,667 12,909 11,235 12,857 11,898

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 36,527 35,247 31,221 36,527 27,481 36,161 31,889

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 2,219 2,190 1,877 2,219 1,495 2,218 1,955

Other ............................................................ 1,312 1,257 1,086 1,312 1,061 1,308 1,191

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 98
Total 

Floorspacea

Heated 

Floorspaceb

Total 

Floorspacea

Cooled 

Floorspaceb

Total 

Floorspacea

Lit 

Floorspaceb

Table B31. Heated, Cooled, and Lit Buildings, Floorspace, 1999

Heated Buildings Cooled Buildings Lit Buildingsc

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 38,156 36,640 32,450 34,584 26,287 38,064 32,075

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 60,344 57,516 50,532 55,007 39,913 60,131 51,708

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 20,666 20,127 18,151 19,829 15,888 20,634 18,239

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 19,223 18,821 16,715 18,076 11,899 19,219 17,379

Halogen ....................................................... 17,926 17,373 15,378 17,093 13,013 17,896 15,671

Other ............................................................ 1,004 973 858 953 772 989 865

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 38,193 36,962 33,278 35,476 26,242 37,480 32,817

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 29,915 28,777 25,703 28,721 22,459 29,583 26,485

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 19,387 18,942 17,271 19,009 15,881 19,331 17,477

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 21,256 21,107 19,797 21,256 17,589 21,187 19,542

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 53,395 51,983 46,550 50,309 37,457 53,044 46,432

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 21,613 21,252 19,858 20,817 17,232 21,556 19,942

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 19,994 19,222 17,451 19,014 14,249 19,982 17,737

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 42,035 40,417 35,695 39,347 29,192 42,003 36,594

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 18,286 17,062 14,656 16,646 11,530 17,841 15,652

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 39,969 39,969 34,786 36,639 26,172 39,476 33,799

Cooling ........................................................ 39,161 37,743 32,819 39,161 27,834 38,743 33,060

Lighting ........................................................ 51,083 48,300 41,790 46,004 32,484 51,083 43,394

Office Equipment ......................................... 9,063 8,802 8,247 8,748 6,215 9,052 8,424

a

 "Total Floorspace" refers to all floorspace in heated, cooled, or lit buildings, including the floorspace that was not heated, cooled, or lit.

b

 "Heated Floorspace," "Cooled Floorspace," and "Lit Floorspace" refer only to the portion of floorspace in these buildings that was heated, cooled, or lit.

c

 Data in "Lit Buildings" are for only floorspace lit when the building was open.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 99
Heat 

Pumps Furnaces

Individual 

Space 

Heaters

District 

Heat Boilers

Packaged 

Heating 

Units Other

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 4,016 492 1,460 894 96 581 1,347 185

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 1,982 240 783 397 Q 146 589 98

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 946 100 387 183 Q 144 302 Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 629 81 206 191 19 128 253 22

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 237 37 47 62 17 72 101 14

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 137 20 25 35 13 52 62 8

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 57 8 9 18 7 24 27 3

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 22 3 3 6 3 11 10 2

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 7 1 1 3 2 3 3 1

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 326 47 48 46 30 106 139 Q

Food Sales .................................................. 174 149 Q 47 Q Q Q 65 Q

Food Service ............................................... 349 321 Q 95 48 Q Q 156 Q

Health Care ................................................. 127 127 26 53 8 3 16 39 Q

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 11 1 Q 2 3 8 3 Q

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 116 Q 52 Q Q 8 36 Q

Lodging ........................................................ 153 150 28 26 53 13 39 34 Q

Mercantile .................................................... 667 626 53 221 116 Q 65 255 36

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 502 28 194 107 Q 60 173 Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 123 25 27 9 N 5 81 Q

Office ........................................................... 739 728 139 236 135 19 105 275 13

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 274 30 99 68 15 49 70 Q

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 61 Q Q 22 3 30 11 Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 306 17 184 101 Q 51 78 Q

Service ........................................................ 478 421 37 189 122 Q 33 112 29

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 357 45 176 104 Q 41 76 Q

Other ............................................................ 102 84 Q 40 29 Q 6 24 Q

Vacant ......................................................... 253 84 Q 37 Q Q Q Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 350 6 163 79 19 100 40 Q

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 430 23 206 107 9 83 110 Q

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 666 95 251 180 21 121 157 33

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 557 39 191 110 16 98 213 19

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 691 102 205 172 Q 63 304 35

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 713 124 237 127 11 65 289 59

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 608 103 208 119 4 52 235 Q

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 601 24 222 119 31 189 135 22

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 1,049 28 632 205 22 175 201 52

South ........................................................... 1,762 1,503 338 369 370 27 123 645 62

West ............................................................ 1,021 863 102 237 200 17 93 366 49

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................................ 525 475 4 246 117 3 131 65 26

 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................................... 986 870 27 457 170 22 182 206 51

 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................................... 1,085 950 153 395 211 42 161 189 44

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 1,134 997 183 198 238 8 71 509 35

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 926 724 124 164 157 21 36 378 29

Table B32. Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

All

Heated

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 100
Heat 

Pumps Furnaces

Individual 

Space 

Heaters

District 

Heat Boilers

Packaged 

Heating 

Units Other

Table B32. Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

All

Heated

Buildings

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 1,835 162 742 419 30 191 504 105

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 773 73 370 188 14 108 204 25

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 667 131 164 125 10 109 290 12

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 456 81 141 86 12 83 210 18

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 166 28 24 46 15 41 84 14

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 81 11 17 20 8 31 40 5

250 or More ................................................. 39 38 6 3 10 7 18 15 5

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 638 51 304 163 Q 76 156 Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 1,068 171 420 256 35 122 329 30

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 943 126 336 213 17 146 314 54

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 598 46 234 96 16 104 212 16

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 407 64 104 77 7 42 197 27

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 361 34 62 89 20 90 139 31

Multibuilding Facility Activity

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ........................................................ 3,295 2,876 314 1,176 654 18 383 933 135

College or University ................................... 70 69 Q Q Q 35 15 6 Q

Primary or Secondary School ...................... 224 211 35 23 31 Q 48 110 Q

Office Complex ............................................ 134 121 33 31 26 Q Q 38 3

Retail Complex ............................................ 181 156 20 45 20 Q Q 82 Q

Religious Campus or Complex .................... 186 184 Q 76 54 Q 27 64 Q

Health Care Complex .................................. 72 65 21 Q Q 7 12 26 Q

Government Complex ................................. 61 50 Q Q 15 Q 8 7 Q

Other ............................................................ 434 284 32 97 74 5 51 81 18

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 4,008 492 1,460 886 96 581 1,347 185

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 2,588 194 1,104 581 41 416 939 71

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 432 38 172 115 7 170 40 39

District Heat ................................................. 117 116 Q Q 12 96 Q Q 1

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 49 3 Q 9 39 3 Q 1

Propane ....................................................... 451 434 36 161 117 Q 87 120 28

Other ............................................................ 153 149 Q 46 39 Q 29 31 53

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 1,880 1,880 475 512 584 26 193 744 110

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,380 2,380 144 1,077 543 Q 381 865 67

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 377 377 Q 166 100 Q 152 17 34

District Heat ................................................. 96 96 4 Q 7 96 Q Q 1

Propane ....................................................... 307 307 12 128 104 Q 41 81 19

Other ............................................................ 94 94 Q Q 27 Q 12 Q 52

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity ..................................................... 1,128 1,128 373 192 213 Q 40 494 62

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,189 2,189 97 1,017 498 2 364 758 60

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 302 302 Q 119 79 Q 136 Q Q

District Heat ................................................. 77 77 3 Q 5 77 Q 4 Q

Propane ....................................................... 282 282 Q 115 91 N Q 74 Q

Other ............................................................ 38 38 Q Q Q N Q Q Q

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 101
Heat 

Pumps Furnaces

Individual 

Space 

Heaters

District 

Heat Boilers

Packaged 

Heating 

Units Other

Table B32. Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

All

Heated

Buildings

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 4,016 492 1,460 894 96 581 1,347 185

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 3,400 478 1,193 670 77 474 1,304 143

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 3,087 383 1,094 637 80 517 1,118 126

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 798 101 214 172 21 182 340 33

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 143 Q 57 56 Q 8 46 Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 169 30 27 45 9 77 57 9

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 641 N N N N N N N N

1 to 50 .......................................................... 576 576 53 236 137 Q 54 129 53

51 to 99 ........................................................ 627 627 70 271 150 16 66 232 13

100 ............................................................... 2,813 2,813 369 953 607 80 460 986 118

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 492 492 492 76 78 4 38 78 19

Furnaces ...................................................... 1,460 1,460 76 1,460 271 Q 52 108 8

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 894 894 78 271 894 7 115 207 28

District Heat ................................................. 96 96 4 Q 7 96 Q Q 1

Boilers ......................................................... 581 581 38 52 115 Q 581 56 8

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 1,347 1,347 78 108 207 Q 56 1,347 15

Other ............................................................ 185 185 19 8 28 1 8 15 185

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 676 645 46 508 104 3 58 75 38

Heat Pumps ................................................. 485 481 447 76 89 4 39 84 22

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 799 771 84 262 294 16 211 167 47

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 49 3 Q 9 39 3 Q 1

Central Chillers ............................................ 130 126 12 12 26 15 96 26 8

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 1,953 1,859 130 470 327 35 223 1,219 49

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 136 126 9 72 47 Q 18 48 Q

Other ............................................................ 49 48 Q 12 4 Q 14 4 Q

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 984 984 130 347 231 Q 97 381 27

Cooling ........................................................ 1,085 1,014 172 374 215 10 128 397 18

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 2,130 2,047 295 830 404 45 354 602 95

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 1,283 1,225 167 364 227 35 176 576 54

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 550 516 77 129 76 24 125 221 19

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 567 559 58 88 79 32 112 334 27

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 2,786 2,704 370 954 483 93 497 1,065 88

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 460 452 48 64 68 48 116 241 25

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 102
Heat 

Pumps Furnaces

Individual 

Space 

Heaters

District 

Heat Boilers

Packaged 

Heating 

Units Other

Table B32. Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1999

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

All

Heated

Buildings

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 2,862 2,862 367 1,104 622 70 410 954 96

Cooling ........................................................ 2,622 2,519 338 930 502 58 363 969 79

Lighting ........................................................ 3,675 3,448 435 1,333 748 72 478 1,154 133

Office Equipment ......................................... 184 181 25 40 38 9 69 73 7

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 103
Heat 

Pumps Furnaces

Individual 

Space 

Heaters

District 

Heat Boilers

Packaged 

Heating Units Other

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 61,602 8,923 14,449 17,349 5,534 19,522 25,743 4,073

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 5,684 679 2,271 1,183 Q 463 1,779 250

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 7,090 745 2,848 1,350 Q 1,040 2,301 Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 9,865 1,288 3,047 3,021 307 2,047 3,994 401

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 8,565 1,376 1,674 2,218 617 2,591 3,695 510

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 9,597 1,493 1,718 2,492 905 3,698 4,262 511

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 7,893 1,095 1,283 2,467 883 3,334 3,811 450

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 6,445 996 807 1,974 963 3,268 2,943 782

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 6,465 1,250 802 2,643 1,698 3,081 2,959 903

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 8,612 1,184 1,040 1,869 1,086 5,048 2,710 Q

Food Sales .................................................. 994 880 Q 263 Q Q Q 402 Q

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 1,721 Q 583 261 Q Q 895 Q

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 2,918 648 368 676 736 1,494 1,159 335

 Inpatient ..................................................... 1,865 1,865 486 Q 560 641 1,235 761 Q

 Outpatient .................................................. 1,053 1,053 Q 264 Q Q 259 398 Q

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 4,424 1,068 649 1,659 527 1,814 1,688 Q

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 9,848 1,340 2,234 2,448 Q 1,291 6,664 701

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 4,766 4,615 218 1,620 1,199 Q 536 2,171 Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 5,631 5,233 1,122 614 1,249 N 755 4,493 Q

Office ........................................................... 12,044 11,810 1,949 1,807 2,631 1,487 4,211 4,304 1,244

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 4,015 582 787 1,163 841 1,409 1,368 Q

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 1,021 Q Q 232 297 541 251 Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 3,383 327 1,701 1,021 Q 1,010 1,047 Q

Service ........................................................ 3,388 3,027 381 1,129 1,165 Q 532 1,184 224

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 8,104 888 3,270 3,560 Q 1,369 3,542 428

Other ............................................................ 1,222 1,086 Q 309 257 Q 247 383 Q

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 754 Q 218 Q Q Q Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 3,593 251 1,214 1,042 480 1,397 428 Q

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 5,559 449 1,552 1,772 764 2,264 1,476 Q

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 8,402 1,064 2,082 2,551 1,065 2,762 2,917 563

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 9,966 1,129 2,053 2,496 1,351 4,231 3,961 560

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 10,916 1,651 2,235 3,345 769 3,275 4,899 684

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 12,566 2,583 2,927 3,428 606 3,114 6,379 1,012

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 10,600 1,796 2,387 2,715 499 2,479 5,684 786

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 11,667 1,193 2,257 3,555 1,876 5,469 4,033 769

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 15,916 1,015 5,767 4,667 1,514 5,961 5,081 1,113

South ........................................................... 23,485 20,598 4,580 3,949 5,471 1,022 4,209 10,455 1,391

West ............................................................ 14,731 13,421 2,135 2,476 3,657 1,121 3,883 6,175 800

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................................ 5,890 5,669 283 1,736 1,754 250 2,815 1,436 362

 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................................... 17,083 16,206 1,135 4,996 4,866 1,736 6,733 5,623 1,222

 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................................... 16,243 15,292 2,827 4,004 4,750 2,405 5,072 4,851 1,026

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 16,333 14,923 3,015 2,197 3,915 677 3,480 8,600 786

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 11,788 9,512 1,663 1,516 2,064 466 1,422 5,233 676

Table B33. Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All

Heated

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 104
Heat 

Pumps Furnaces

Individual 

Space 

Heaters

District 

Heat Boilers

Packaged 

Heating Units Other

Table B33. Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All

Heated

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 10,552 707 3,874 2,913 289 1,840 3,005 673

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 6,020 655 2,510 1,680 292 1,285 1,788 178

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 7,762 1,340 1,953 1,973 372 1,771 3,002 219

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 10,347 1,761 2,631 2,538 534 2,739 4,935 451

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 8,536 1,401 1,221 2,531 645 3,234 4,416 300

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 8,053 1,105 1,164 2,376 1,031 3,706 4,172 608

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 10,333 1,954 1,095 3,339 2,371 4,948 4,426 1,644

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 4,217 313 1,765 1,051 Q 1,140 1,200 Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 12,090 1,863 3,664 3,321 730 3,170 4,093 472

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 13,677 1,963 3,580 3,657 910 4,337 5,101 1,089

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 11,787 1,501 2,183 3,086 911 3,542 5,835 915

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 8,399 1,179 1,697 2,558 830 2,316 4,436 394

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 11,432 2,105 1,560 3,677 2,114 5,018 5,077 1,025

Multibuilding Facility Activity

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ........................................................ 41,289 38,071 5,574 10,209 11,297 1,366 11,936 15,861 2,689

College or University ................................... 2,605 2,585 Q Q 319 1,757 566 266 Q

Primary or Secondary School ...................... 3,388 3,268 428 494 747 Q 1,724 1,515 Q

Office Complex ............................................ 3,353 3,250 331 345 483 Q 1,392 1,333 309

Retail Complex ............................................ 3,555 3,205 472 650 857 Q Q 2,339 Q

Religious Campus or Complex .................... 1,907 1,885 Q 832 584 Q 462 708 Q

Health Care Complex .................................. 2,339 2,302 604 Q 530 818 1,056 922 Q

Government Complex ................................. 1,513 1,348 Q Q 437 740 429 200 Q

Other ............................................................ 7,389 5,690 862 1,655 2,096 491 1,677 2,599 346

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 61,565 8,923 14,449 17,321 5,534 19,514 25,743 4,073

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 44,385 5,627 11,960 13,561 2,431 16,588 20,043 2,680

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 13,074 2,263 2,090 4,351 1,787 7,485 4,237 1,463

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 5,862 811 Q 1,314 5,534 301 847 285

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,739 376 Q 567 2,279 326 497 159

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 6,076 838 1,801 1,915 Q 2,153 2,562 451

Other ............................................................ 2,322 2,276 316 526 1,032 Q 1,044 1,018 483

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 32,291 32,291 8,667 6,822 12,350 1,609 8,410 16,861 2,972

Natural Gas ................................................. 37,902 37,893 4,466 11,524 11,488 678 15,131 17,324 1,982

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 5,611 5,611 532 1,295 1,444 Q 4,176 1,040 341

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 5,534 730 Q 1,210 5,534 Q 767 249

Propane ....................................................... 2,728 2,728 204 1,075 1,051 Q 672 937 272

Other ............................................................ 945 945 Q Q 534 Q 420 Q 315

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity ..................................................... 17,627 17,627 5,009 2,281 4,788 Q 2,171 10,090 1,807

Natural Gas ................................................. 32,729 32,729 3,076 10,311 9,945 211 13,918 13,958 1,634

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 3,719 3,719 Q 821 683 Q 2,717 333 Q

District Heat ................................................. 5,077 5,077 588 Q 1,042 5,077 Q 602 Q

Propane ....................................................... 2,107 2,107 Q 864 725 N Q 623 Q

Other ............................................................ 343 343 Q Q Q N Q Q Q

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 105
Heat 

Pumps Furnaces

Individual 

Space 

Heaters

District 

Heat Boilers

Packaged 

Heating Units Other

Table B33. Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All

Heated

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 61,602 8,923 14,449 17,349 5,534 19,522 25,743 4,073

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 56,361 8,766 12,819 15,708 4,844 17,947 25,134 3,592

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 54,204 8,106 12,265 15,163 4,943 18,615 23,491 3,669

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 23,813 4,313 3,576 7,145 2,337 11,111 11,346 1,705

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 3,031 348 1,162 1,355 Q 730 1,349 Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 11,643 2,396 1,437 4,275 1,986 5,704 5,016 1,444

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 5,736 N N N N N N N N

1 to 50 .......................................................... 7,593 7,593 1,098 2,718 2,432 Q 1,203 2,702 607

51 to 99 ........................................................ 10,745 10,745 1,797 3,042 3,332 886 2,977 4,661 774

100 ............................................................... 43,264 43,264 6,028 8,689 11,585 4,575 15,343 18,380 2,692

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 8,923 8,923 8,923 1,585 2,644 730 2,634 3,828 444

Furnaces ...................................................... 14,449 14,449 1,585 14,449 4,460 Q 2,256 3,698 418

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 17,349 17,349 2,644 4,460 17,349 1,210 5,356 7,654 1,096

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 5,534 730 Q 1,210 5,534 Q 767 249

Boilers ......................................................... 19,522 19,522 2,634 2,256 5,356 Q 19,522 5,277 795

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 25,743 25,743 3,828 3,698 7,654 767 5,277 25,743 1,193

Other ............................................................ 4,073 4,073 444 418 1,096 249 795 1,193 4,073

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 8,329 8,010 1,362 4,975 2,810 303 2,282 2,617 646

Heat Pumps ................................................. 9,147 9,052 8,243 1,601 2,750 701 2,749 3,799 528

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 14,276 13,754 2,378 3,655 6,603 1,140 6,406 5,127 887

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,739 376 Q 567 2,279 326 497 159

Central Chillers ............................................ 12,909 12,560 2,109 1,259 3,863 2,069 8,549 4,425 1,679

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 36,527 35,247 4,709 7,240 10,774 1,884 10,047 23,495 2,138

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 2,219 2,190 483 756 835 Q 823 1,253 Q

Other ............................................................ 1,312 1,257 285 225 285 Q 637 385 468

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 13,220 13,220 2,392 3,550 3,797 Q 2,857 6,833 623

Cooling ........................................................ 17,390 16,386 2,859 4,009 4,781 826 5,240 7,755 716

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 38,193 36,962 6,068 8,881 10,930 3,233 13,442 15,101 2,752

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 29,915 28,777 4,617 5,194 7,488 2,904 9,604 14,049 2,303

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 19,387 18,942 2,773 2,473 5,022 2,780 8,355 8,506 1,734

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 21,256 21,107 3,302 2,986 6,237 3,275 9,342 10,599 1,847

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 53,395 51,983 8,055 11,148 13,715 5,296 18,379 23,294 3,356

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 21,613 21,252 3,198 2,290 5,762 3,865 9,514 9,418 2,235

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 106
Heat 

Pumps Furnaces

Individual 

Space 

Heaters

District 

Heat Boilers

Packaged 

Heating Units Other

Table B33. Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All

Heated

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 39,969 39,969 5,710 10,360 10,497 2,906 12,118 16,602 2,364

Cooling ........................................................ 39,161 37,743 5,413 9,450 10,062 2,538 11,606 16,697 2,173

Lighting ........................................................ 51,083 48,300 6,650 12,514 13,135 3,377 14,096 19,932 2,883

Office Equipment ......................................... 9,063 8,802 1,242 1,469 2,181 725 4,222 3,587 412

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 107
ResidentialType

 Central Air 

Conditioners

Heat 

Pumps

Individual 

Air 

Conditioners

District 

Chilled 

Water

Central 

Chillers

Packaged

 Air 

Conditioning 

Units

Swamp 

Coolers Other

All Buildings ............................................. 4,657 3,560 676 485 799 50 130 1,953 136 49

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ............................................ 2,348 1,680 319 240 356 Q Q 857 79 Q

5,001 to 10,000 .......................................... 1,110 828 211 95 184 Q Q 423 25 Q

10,001 to 25,000 ........................................ 708 611 96 80 149 Q 17 387 13 Q

25,001 to 50,000 ........................................ 257 223 24 35 60 7 25 141 9 4

50,001 to 100,000 ...................................... 145 134 17 22 29 7 28 89 7 Q

100,001 to 200,000 .................................... 59 55 7 9 13 5 16 37 2 Q

200,001 to 500,000 .................................... 23 21 2 4 7 2 9 14 Q Q

Over 500,000 ............................................. 7 7 1 1 1 1 4 4 Q Q

Principal Building Activity

Education ................................................... 327 274 23 39 79 Q 31 164 Q Q

Food Sales ................................................. 174 166 Q Q Q N Q 99 Q Q

Food Service .............................................. 349 324 66 Q 71 Q Q 218 Q Q

Health Care ................................................ 127 127 Q 29 15 2 9 77 Q Q

 Inpatient ................................................... 11 11 1 1 Q 2 6 4 Q Q

 Outpatient ................................................ 116 116 Q Q Q Q 4 73 Q Q

Lodging ...................................................... 153 126 17 26 64 Q 10 47 Q Q

Mercantile .................................................. 667 632 87 54 164 Q 4 370 26 Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) .......................... 534 499 77 30 154 Q Q 264 Q Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ......................... 133 132 Q 24 Q Q 2 107 Q Q

Office ......................................................... 739 716 137 141 90 6 31 385 5 14

Public Assembly ........................................ 305 232 61 30 39 Q 16 126 Q Q

Public Order and Safety ............................. 72 32 Q Q 11 Q 6 14 Q Q

Religious Worship ...................................... 307 232 50 19 69 Q Q 123 Q Q

Service ....................................................... 478 289 70 33 70 Q Q 139 Q Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................ 603 308 82 42 85 Q Q 140 Q Q

Other .......................................................... 102 76 Q Q Q Q Q 28 Q Q

Vacant ........................................................ 253 27 Q Q Q N Q Q Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ........................................... 419 260 78 Q 101 Q Q 92 Q Q

1920 to 1945 .............................................. 499 313 75 24 124 2 8 143 Q Q

1946 to 1959 .............................................. 763 589 129 89 178 5 13 275 29 Q

1960 to 1969 .............................................. 665 496 39 39 102 7 32 332 25 Q

1970 to 1979 .............................................. 774 649 105 106 112 Q 17 398 33 Q

1980 to 1989 .............................................. 846 702 143 121 96 Q 22 421 19 Q

1990 to 1999 .............................................. 690 549 107 91 86 4 29 291 6 Q

Census Region

Northeast ................................................... 686 473 72 19 172 2 17 265 Q Q

Midwest ...................................................... 1,188 861 285 27 214 14 25 403 Q Q

South ......................................................... 1,762 1,506 258 329 312 Q 57 841 Q Q

West .......................................................... 1,021 720 62 110 100 13 31 443 109 Q

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD .............................. 525 366 82 4 137 Q 10 170 Q Q

 5,500-7,000 HDD ..................................... 986 711 175 18 177 6 22 391 Q Q

 4,000-5,499 HDD ..................................... 1,085 766 178 173 207 Q 38 306 Q Q

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............................ 1,134 913 97 174 141 7 27 596 50 Q

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............................ 926 803 144 116 137 23 32 490 Q Q

Table B34. Cooling Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1999

Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

All Cooled 

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 108
ResidentialType

 Central Air 

Conditioners

Heat 

Pumps

Individual 

Air 

Conditioners

District 

Chilled 

Water

Central 

Chillers

Packaged

 Air 

Conditioning 

Units

Swamp 

Coolers Other

Table B34. Cooling Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1999

Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

All Cooled 

Buildings

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 .............................................. 2,376 1,513 339 169 350 Q 28 724 69 Q

5 to 9 .......................................................... 807 681 133 68 163 Q 9 354 26 Q

10 to 19 ...................................................... 683 636 101 122 146 Q 11 383 Q Q

20 to 49 ...................................................... 487 433 69 79 61 3 22 295 13 7

50 to 99 ...................................................... 174 169 18 29 44 10 18 118 5 Q

100 to 249 .................................................. 90 88 14 10 27 4 21 54 4 3

250 or More ................................................ 39 39 3 8 7 5 20 24 1 1

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................ 978 439 112 42 109 Q 4 229 Q Q

40 to 48 ...................................................... 1,156 968 205 180 214 Q 27 482 22 6

49 to 60 ...................................................... 986 850 114 113 185 13 42 458 25 Q

61 to 84 ...................................................... 664 563 137 49 125 6 18 317 42 Q

85 to 167 .................................................... 474 436 72 67 78 4 9 292 15 Q

Open Continuously .................................... 398 304 36 34 88 11 30 174 8 4

Multibuilding Facility Activity

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ....................................................... 3,295 2,567 510 310 574 3 60 1,435 95 24

College or University .................................. 70 46 Q Q 9 13 9 12 Q Q

Primary or Secondary School .................... 224 171 4 23 50 Q 17 123 Q Q

Office Complex .......................................... 134 115 Q 33 8 Q Q 43 Q Q

Retail Complex .......................................... 181 163 Q 27 34 Q Q 117 Q Q

Religious Campus or Complex .................. 186 146 Q Q 38 Q Q 91 Q Q

Health Care Complex ................................ 72 61 Q 21 5 3 6 35 Q Q

Government Complex ................................ 61 46 Q Q Q Q 6 6 Q Q

Other .......................................................... 434 244 85 31 65 Q 10 91 Q Q

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity .................................................... 4,395 3,560 676 485 799 50 130 1,953 136 49

Natural Gas ................................................ 2,670 2,335 503 195 507 21 103 1,356 121 20

Fuel Oil ...................................................... 434 302 37 49 163 3 29 102 4 3

District Heat ............................................... 117 97 4 Q 21 43 16 43 Q Q

District Chilled Water ................................. 50 50 Q 4 Q 50 1 Q Q Q

Propane ..................................................... 451 318 64 34 107 Q 6 165 12 Q

Other .......................................................... 153 107 45 Q 31 Q 3 51 Q Q

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity .................................................... 3,450 3,450 676 485 799 24 127 1,870 135 48

Natural Gas ................................................ 142 142 Q 17 18 Q 2 111 Q Q

District Chilled Water ................................. 50 50 Q 4 Q 50 1 Q Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating .................... 4,016 3,400 645 481 771 49 126 1,859 126 48

Buildings with Cooling ................................ 3,560 3,560 676 485 799 50 130 1,953 136 49

Buildings with Water Heating ..................... 3,239 2,915 532 401 650 37 124 1,646 120 34

Buildings with Cooking ............................... 857 792 114 97 216 6 49 519 44 5

Buildings with Manufacturing ..................... 151 129 28 Q 54 Q 3 57 Q Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................................ 172 149 26 30 30 5 42 88 4 4

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled ................................................. 1,097 N N N N N N N N N

1 to 50 ........................................................ 1,012 1,012 241 84 414 Q Q 390 39 Q

51 to 99 ...................................................... 751 751 156 92 161 8 45 445 32 19

100 ............................................................. 1,796 1,796 280 310 224 40 66 1,118 65 Q

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 109
ResidentialType

 Central Air 

Conditioners

Heat 

Pumps

Individual 

Air 

Conditioners

District 

Chilled 

Water

Central 

Chillers

Packaged

 Air 

Conditioning 

Units

Swamp 

Coolers Other

Table B34. Cooling Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1999

Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

All Cooled 

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ............................................... 492 478 46 447 84 3 12 130 9 Q

Furnaces .................................................... 1,460 1,193 508 76 262 Q 12 470 72 12

Individual Space Heaters ........................... 894 670 104 89 294 9 26 327 47 4

District Heat ............................................... 96 77 3 4 16 39 15 35 Q Q

Boilers ........................................................ 581 474 58 39 211 3 96 223 18 14

Packaged Heating Units ............................ 1,347 1,304 75 84 167 Q 26 1,219 48 4

Other .......................................................... 185 143 38 22 47 1 8 49 Q Q

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................................ 676 676 676 45 91 Q 8 85 Q Q

Heat Pumps ............................................... 485 485 45 485 94 4 14 112 6 Q

Individual Air Conditioners ......................... 799 799 91 94 799 Q 18 186 13 Q

District Chilled Water ................................. 50 50 Q 4 Q 50 1 Q Q Q

Central Chillers .......................................... 130 130 8 14 18 1 130 39 2 Q

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units .......................................................... 1,953 1,953 85 112 186 Q 39 1,953 56 12

Swamp Coolers ......................................... 136 136 Q 6 13 Q 2 56 136 Q

Other .......................................................... 49 49 Q Q Q Q Q 12 Q 49

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ...................................................... 984 862 182 127 205 Q 17 490 39 Q

Cooling ....................................................... 1,085 1,085 208 173 308 Q 27 575 58 Q

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows .................................. 2,130 1,835 386 291 425 24 86 931 38 35

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass .......................................... 1,283 1,180 208 169 158 26 74 770 61 11

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ...................... 550 535 111 57 49 19 70 352 9 8

Economizer Cycle ...................................... 567 567 49 52 51 21 63 444 33 15

HVAC Maintenance ................................... 2,786 2,520 451 372 445 48 126 1,524 101 30

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ........................... 460 423 37 45 71 26 60 288 15 11

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ...................................................... 2,862 2,449 489 357 506 37 85 1,346 95 31

Cooling ....................................................... 2,622 2,622 512 347 562 36 88 1,469 93 33

Lighting ...................................................... 3,675 3,110 605 435 694 39 93 1,692 119 45

Office Equipment ....................................... 184 175 12 27 40 4 26 125 4 Q

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 110
ResidentialType

 Central Air 

Conditioners

Heat 

Pumps

Individual 

Air 

Conditioners

District 

Chilled 

Water

Central 

Chillers

Packaged

 Air 

Conditioning 

Units

Swamp 

Coolers Other

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 58,474 8,329 9,147 14,276 2,750 12,909 36,527 2,219 1,312

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 4,879 890 700 962 Q Q 2,613 253 Q

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 6,212 1,606 707 1,396 Q Q 3,197 181 Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 9,530 1,420 1,270 2,482 Q 307 6,031 207 Q

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 8,116 860 1,304 2,140 294 919 5,120 325 153

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 9,401 1,221 1,593 2,057 525 1,989 6,164 477 Q

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 7,609 905 1,229 1,834 630 2,331 5,217 307 Q

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 6,345 715 1,126 2,032 470 2,963 4,106 Q Q

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 6,382 712 1,219 1,373 630 4,223 4,080 Q Q

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 7,973 625 1,220 2,974 676 2,108 4,331 508 Q

Food Sales .................................................. 994 978 Q Q Q N Q 610 Q Q

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 1,760 357 Q 394 Q Q 1,323 Q Q

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 2,815 572 684 696 433 1,609 1,783 Q Q

 Inpatient ..................................................... 1,865 1,762 455 503 602 356 1,413 1,109 Q Q

 Outpatient .................................................. 1,053 1,053 Q Q Q Q 196 673 Q Q

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 4,051 736 1,014 2,075 219 980 1,956 Q Q

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 10,174 1,043 1,296 1,441 Q 1,278 8,019 387 Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 4,766 4,573 551 225 1,111 Q Q 3,003 Q Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 5,631 5,601 492 1,070 330 Q 1,115 5,017 Q Q

Office ........................................................... 12,044 11,782 1,089 2,158 1,500 678 4,559 6,838 169 565

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 3,859 579 533 742 436 920 2,152 Q Q

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 760 Q Q 284 Q 302 383 Q Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 2,765 694 403 781 Q Q 1,630 Q Q

Service ........................................................ 3,388 2,481 491 399 716 Q Q 1,575 Q Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 7,621 1,658 858 2,155 Q 349 5,198 179 Q

Other ............................................................ 1,222 1,087 Q Q Q Q Q 482 Q Q

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 368 Q Q Q N Q Q Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 2,911 677 284 1,206 Q 254 1,244 Q Q

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 4,383 657 551 2,074 134 984 2,367 Q Q

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 7,601 1,239 984 2,833 406 1,329 4,427 261 Q

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 9,325 957 1,119 2,296 633 2,765 5,686 527 Q

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 11,050 1,621 1,793 2,237 492 2,766 7,001 499 316

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 12,849 1,904 2,711 2,155 424 2,584 8,978 345 348

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 10,355 1,274 1,705 1,476 407 2,229 6,825 339 Q

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 10,311 950 1,215 3,897 326 2,782 6,641 Q Q

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 14,371 2,951 1,063 3,724 746 3,149 8,198 Q 328

South ........................................................... 23,485 21,549 3,272 4,604 4,526 939 4,328 13,915 339 343

West ............................................................ 14,731 12,243 1,156 2,265 2,130 739 2,651 7,773 1,624 324

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................................ 5,890 4,804 643 246 1,682 Q 971 2,753 Q Q

 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................................... 17,083 14,289 2,433 1,069 4,070 763 3,309 8,340 540 420

 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................................... 16,243 13,999 2,085 3,144 3,945 653 3,555 8,301 Q 266

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 16,333 14,535 1,550 2,924 2,516 683 3,061 10,105 690 284

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 11,788 10,847 1,617 1,765 2,063 589 2,014 7,028 646 228

Table B35. Cooling Equipment, Floorspace, 1999

Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply)

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All Cooled 

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 111
ResidentialType

 Central Air 

Conditioners

Heat 

Pumps

Individual 

Air 

Conditioners

District 

Chilled 

Water

Central 

Chillers

Packaged

 Air 

Conditioning 

Units

Swamp 

Coolers Other

Table B35. Cooling Equipment, Floorspace, 1999

Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply)

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All Cooled 

Buildings

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 8,704 2,041 753 2,568 Q 297 4,264 315 Q

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 5,291 921 677 1,226 Q 223 2,933 317 Q

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 7,409 1,187 1,267 2,037 Q 277 4,334 Q Q

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 9,930 1,341 1,688 2,138 162 1,054 6,776 394 210

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 8,519 791 1,493 2,046 478 1,646 5,963 365 Q

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 8,129 868 1,027 1,940 484 2,597 5,507 360 341

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 10,491 1,180 2,243 2,322 1,234 6,815 6,751 335 381

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 3,113 671 240 961 Q 218 1,820 Q Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 11,041 1,882 1,985 2,573 239 1,402 6,164 399 165

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 13,225 1,477 2,009 2,746 589 2,569 7,890 350 350

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 11,701 1,648 1,619 2,334 504 3,182 7,950 432 Q

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 8,528 1,015 1,286 2,010 505 1,098 6,194 513 Q

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 10,866 1,637 2,007 3,652 893 4,441 6,509 370 418

Multibuilding Facility Activity

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ........................................................ 41,289 36,386 5,509 5,793 9,135 309 6,902 23,072 1,344 649

College or University ................................... 2,605 2,058 Q Q 376 933 595 666 Q Q

Primary or Secondary School ...................... 3,388 3,001 188 372 1,056 Q 831 1,945 Q Q

Office Complex ............................................ 3,353 3,191 Q 388 281 Q 1,325 1,875 Q Q

Retail Complex ............................................ 3,555 3,463 221 494 552 Q Q 2,882 Q Q

Religious Campus or Complex .................... 1,907 1,702 Q Q 430 Q Q 1,115 Q Q

Health Care Complex .................................. 2,339 2,201 446 592 522 454 1,229 1,351 Q Q

Government Complex ................................. 1,513 1,218 Q Q 367 464 503 400 Q Q

Other ............................................................ 7,389 5,254 1,285 806 1,556 293 1,133 3,220 Q Q

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 58,474 8,329 9,147 14,276 2,750 12,909 36,527 2,219 1,312

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 42,147 6,805 5,771 10,715 1,316 10,145 27,987 1,950 773

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 12,185 1,314 2,435 4,276 749 6,081 7,121 407 535

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 5,165 335 782 1,240 2,354 2,114 2,054 Q Q

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,750 Q 336 359 2,750 386 721 Q Q

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 5,415 867 800 1,626 Q 828 3,460 222 Q

Other ............................................................ 2,322 2,069 338 326 593 Q 550 1,368 Q Q

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 55,545 55,545 8,329 9,120 14,276 1,093 12,405 35,387 2,175 1,244

Natural Gas ................................................. 1,914 1,914 Q 187 376 Q 272 1,595 Q Q

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,750 Q 336 359 2,750 386 721 Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 56,361 8,010 9,052 13,754 2,739 12,560 35,247 2,190 1,257

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 58,474 8,329 9,147 14,276 2,750 12,909 36,527 2,219 1,312

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 52,589 7,278 8,409 12,888 2,455 12,484 33,328 2,060 1,191

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 23,730 2,965 4,406 6,798 1,047 8,488 15,767 1,148 641

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 2,861 563 422 1,198 Q 445 1,889 212 Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 11,538 1,358 2,544 2,860 919 6,234 7,328 511 583

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 8,864 N N N N N N N N N

1 to 50 .......................................................... 16,846 16,846 3,054 1,910 6,855 Q 903 9,465 880 233

51 to 99 ........................................................ 16,966 16,966 2,604 3,040 3,647 772 6,368 10,695 540 591

100 ............................................................... 24,662 24,662 2,672 4,197 3,774 1,805 5,639 16,368 800 488

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 112
ResidentialType

 Central Air 

Conditioners

Heat 

Pumps

Individual 

Air 

Conditioners

District 

Chilled 

Water

Central 

Chillers

Packaged

 Air 

Conditioning 

Units

Swamp 

Coolers Other

Table B35. Cooling Equipment, Floorspace, 1999

Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply)

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All Cooled 

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 8,923 8,766 1,362 8,243 2,378 376 2,109 4,709 483 285

Furnaces ...................................................... 14,449 12,819 4,975 1,601 3,655 Q 1,259 7,240 756 225

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 17,349 15,708 2,810 2,750 6,603 567 3,863 10,774 835 285

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 4,844 303 701 1,140 2,279 2,069 1,884 Q Q

Boilers ......................................................... 19,522 17,947 2,282 2,749 6,406 326 8,549 10,047 823 637

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 25,743 25,134 2,617 3,799 5,127 497 4,425 23,495 1,253 385

Other ............................................................ 4,073 3,592 646 528 887 159 1,679 2,138 Q 468

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 8,329 8,329 8,329 1,441 2,297 Q 1,489 3,365 Q Q

Heat Pumps ................................................. 9,147 9,147 1,441 9,147 2,443 336 2,272 4,895 549 293

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 14,276 14,276 2,297 2,443 14,276 359 2,530 7,353 562 Q

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,750 Q 336 359 2,750 386 721 Q Q

Central Chillers ............................................ 12,909 12,909 1,489 2,272 2,530 386 12,909 6,282 312 Q

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 36,527 36,527 3,365 4,895 7,353 721 6,282 36,527 1,499 547

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 2,219 2,219 Q 549 562 Q 312 1,499 2,219 Q

Other ............................................................ 1,312 1,312 Q 293 Q Q Q 547 Q 1,312

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 13,220 12,424 1,978 2,245 3,066 Q 1,672 8,991 730 230

Cooling ........................................................ 17,390 17,390 2,497 2,905 5,823 Q 3,380 11,357 910 358

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 38,193 35,476 5,424 6,148 9,049 1,705 9,288 21,728 959 903

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 29,915 28,721 3,465 4,682 5,298 1,827 8,534 19,291 1,201 759

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 19,387 19,009 2,235 2,872 2,857 1,837 8,391 12,246 589 557

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 21,256 21,256 2,448 3,516 4,117 1,911 9,218 14,637 966 720

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 53,395 50,309 6,780 8,272 11,204 2,670 12,705 32,576 2,040 1,220

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 21,613 20,817 2,049 3,343 4,116 2,186 9,343 12,958 626 843

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 39,969 36,639 5,217 5,804 7,866 1,631 6,968 23,102 1,560 702

Cooling ........................................................ 39,161 39,161 5,697 5,916 8,668 1,573 7,368 24,691 1,528 752

Lighting ........................................................ 51,083 46,004 6,512 7,018 10,240 1,855 8,214 28,904 1,800 890

Office Equipment ......................................... 9,063 8,748 860 1,350 2,329 378 2,467 5,605 258 Q

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 113
Walk-In

Open 

Cases or 

Cabinets

Closed 

Cases or 

Cabinets Walk-In

Open 

Cases or 

Cabinets

Closed 

Cases or 

Cabinets

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 950 658 255 719 67,338 25,652 19,713 8,808 19,938

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 479 356 116 378 6,774 1,370 1,059 309 1,123

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 152 101 62 113 8,238 1,135 736 498 854

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 135 67 20 90 11,153 2,186 1,069 320 1,505

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 78 51 18 58 9,311 2,873 1,877 651 2,098

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 56 41 19 41 10,112 4,051 2,980 1,351 2,976

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 31 25 12 22 8,271 4,398 3,584 1,726 3,175

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 14 13 5 12 6,851 4,376 3,869 1,491 3,607

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 6 5 2 5 6,628 5,262 4,539 2,462 4,599

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 84 51 16 57 8,651 5,423 4,199 1,433 3,757

Food Sales .................................................. 174 159 127 57 113 994 962 737 601 781

Food Service ............................................... 349 334 261 90 273 1,851 1,783 1,576 514 1,287

Health Care ................................................. 127 12 7 3 10 2,918 1,931 1,749 762 1,660

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 9 6 2 8 1,865 1,749 1,693 708 1,502

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 Q Q Q Q 1,053 Q Q Q Q

Lodging ........................................................ 153 30 20 6 23 4,521 2,360 1,973 458 2,022

Mercantile .................................................... 667 178 127 68 136 10,398 5,600 4,424 3,020 4,788

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 97 66 Q 70 4,766 1,090 609 414 864

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 81 61 41 67 5,631 4,509 3,816 2,606 3,924

Office ........................................................... 739 26 17 5 15 12,044 3,331 2,350 1,370 2,742

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 61 23 Q 44 4,393 1,664 959 378 1,398

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 Q 3 Q Q 1,168 221 163 Q Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 21 Q Q 19 3,405 574 Q Q 427

Service ........................................................ 478 Q Q Q Q 3,388 Q Q Q Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 20 10 Q Q 10,477 1,177 948 Q 414

Other ............................................................ 102 Q Q Q Q 1,222 Q Q Q Q

Vacant ......................................................... 253 Q Q N Q 1,908 Q Q N Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 61 32 Q 52 4,034 940 424 Q 854

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 104 70 Q 98 6,445 2,176 1,551 318 1,896

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 119 77 46 79 9,127 3,063 2,096 1,163 2,325

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 123 76 17 97 10,866 4,490 3,636 1,397 3,260

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 176 149 58 124 11,840 4,937 4,051 1,990 3,930

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 229 143 68 177 13,931 5,450 4,270 1,793 4,089

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 139 113 40 92 11,094 4,595 3,685 1,977 3,583

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 143 101 33 94 12,360 5,536 4,335 1,917 4,489

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 244 164 52 194 16,761 6,252 4,580 1,798 5,038

South ........................................................... 1,762 351 230 97 277 23,485 8,734 6,809 3,205 6,606

West ............................................................ 1,021 212 164 73 154 14,731 5,130 3,988 1,887 3,804

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 349 215 Q 266 14,321 1,586 789 Q 1,245

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 151 90 31 122 6,325 1,207 545 187 915

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 178 152 57 118 8,028 2,144 1,547 490 1,466

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 146 98 35 117 10,814 3,938 2,551 1,084 2,958

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 76 61 28 55 8,898 4,698 3,841 1,645 3,482

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 32 28 12 26 8,356 4,752 4,444 1,638 3,700

250 or More ................................................. 39 18 14 8 15 10,595 7,328 5,996 3,466 6,172

Table B36. Refrigeration Equipment, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Type of Equipment 

(more than one may apply)

Type of Equipment 

(more than one may apply)

All 

Buildings

All Buildings 

with 

Refrigeration 

Equipment

All

Buildings

All Buildings 

with 

Refrigeration 

Equipment

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 114
Walk-In

Open 

Cases or 

Cabinets

Closed 

Cases or 

Cabinets Walk-In

Open 

Cases or 

Cabinets

Closed 

Cases or 

Cabinets

Table B36. Refrigeration Equipment, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Type of Equipment 

(more than one may apply)

Type of Equipment 

(more than one may apply)

All 

Buildings

All Buildings 

with 

Refrigeration 

Equipment

All

Buildings

All Buildings 

with 

Refrigeration 

Equipment

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 62 13 Q 58 6,596 743 340 Q 625

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 97 63 21 52 13,105 2,581 1,711 645 1,629

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 148 75 41 120 14,200 4,230 2,979 1,417 3,227

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 210 154 49 156 12,458 6,035 4,618 2,311 4,862

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 321 260 102 262 9,116 5,198 4,052 1,971 4,079

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 113 93 31 71 11,863 6,865 6,013 2,371 5,515

Multibuilding Facility Activity

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ........................................................ 3,295 778 543 206 589 41,289 16,109 12,270 5,051 12,320

College or University ................................... 70 5 3 Q 4 2,605 445 343 Q 362

Primary or Secondary School ...................... 224 37 27 9 23 3,388 1,797 1,591 685 1,059

Office Complex ............................................ 134 6 4 2 5 3,353 1,131 783 508 972

Retail Complex ............................................ 181 56 35 26 44 3,555 2,064 1,543 1,307 1,864

Religious Campus or Complex .................... 186 9 Q Q 8 1,907 408 Q Q 346

Health Care Complex .................................. 72 10 8 2 6 2,339 1,482 1,396 598 1,228

Government Complex ................................. 61 4 Q Q 3 1,513 535 Q Q 476

Other ............................................................ 434 45 35 Q 38 7,389 1,680 1,374 433 1,312

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 950 658 255 719 65,716 25,652 19,713 8,808 19,938

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 652 466 182 492 45,525 20,198 16,098 7,308 15,642

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 97 46 13 85 13,285 8,214 6,849 2,917 6,781

District Heat ................................................. 117 25 21 Q 13 5,891 2,541 1,990 801 2,179

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 7 5 1 6 2,750 1,170 804 382 1,026

Propane ....................................................... 451 134 83 26 111 6,290 2,819 2,252 914 2,242

Other ............................................................ 153 47 20 Q 41 2,322 1,256 1,051 460 1,004

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 859 594 238 639 61,602 24,514 18,993 8,459 19,004

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 896 640 252 671 58,474 24,720 19,288 8,670 19,118

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 905 647 252 680 56,115 24,625 19,141 8,569 19,106

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 682 488 188 532 24,681 21,775 17,386 8,113 17,428

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 12 5 Q Q 3,126 691 569 Q 474

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 60 50 16 48 11,882 8,172 7,044 3,378 6,819

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .................... 767 640 465 178 498 23,328 21,054 16,962 7,863 16,837

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................................ 698 408 299 114 311 21,793 16,721 13,876 6,103 13,362

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 115
Centralized 

System

Distributed 

System

Combination 

Centralized 

and 

Distributed 

Systems

Centralized 

System

Distributed 

System

Combination 

Centralized 

and 

Distributed 

Systems

All Buildings .......................................... 4,657 3,239 2,472 566 200 67,338 56,115 35,579 10,899 9,637

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ......................................... 2,348 1,456 1,175 244 Q 6,774 4,280 3,411 767 Q

5,001 to 10,000 ....................................... 1,110 778 606 141 31 8,238 5,748 4,479 1,014 255

10,001 to 25,000 ..................................... 708 574 416 103 55 11,153 9,000 6,505 1,679 816

25,001 to 50,000 ..................................... 257 222 151 37 34 9,311 8,088 5,464 1,373 1,250

50,001 to 100,000 ................................... 145 127 79 23 25 10,112 8,887 5,534 1,615 1,739

100,001 to 200,000 ................................. 59 54 31 12 10 8,271 7,527 4,317 1,703 1,507

200,001 to 500,000 ................................. 23 21 12 4 5 6,851 6,258 3,365 1,179 1,714

Over 500,000 ........................................... 7 7 3 2 2 6,628 6,327 2,504 1,569 2,255

Principal Building Activity

Education ................................................ 327 240 141 55 45 8,651 8,059 5,049 1,088 1,922

Food Sales .............................................. 174 163 139 Q Q 994 951 635 Q Q

Food Service ........................................... 349 349 305 Q Q 1,851 1,846 1,548 Q Q

Health Care ............................................. 127 126 103 Q 6 2,918 2,903 1,755 363 785

 Inpatient ................................................. 11 11 8 Q 3 1,865 1,862 961 Q 690

 Outpatient .............................................. 116 115 95 Q Q 1,053 1,040 794 Q Q

Lodging .................................................... 153 149 124 Q 9 4,521 4,442 3,589 Q 552

Mercantile ................................................ 667 439 326 98 15 10,398 8,698 4,306 3,088 1,303

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ........................ 534 323 260 60 Q 4,766 3,453 2,479 881 Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ....................... 133 116 66 38 12 5,631 5,244 1,828 2,207 1,209

Office ....................................................... 739 615 426 156 33 12,044 10,872 6,184 2,186 2,502

Public Assembly ...................................... 305 249 191 45 13 4,393 3,893 2,722 655 516

Public Order and Safety .......................... 72 41 35 Q Q 1,168 830 605 Q Q

Religious Worship ................................... 307 252 222 16 14 3,405 3,109 2,495 266 347

Service .................................................... 478 280 226 51 Q 3,388 2,351 1,742 429 Q

Warehouse and Storage ......................... 603 227 140 79 8 10,477 6,743 3,914 2,070 759

Other ....................................................... 102 64 53 Q 3 1,222 983 674 Q 171

Vacant ..................................................... 253 44 43 Q Q 1,908 436 361 Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ......................................... 419 277 254 12 11 4,034 3,130 2,524 242 364

1920 to 1945 ........................................... 499 311 238 52 21 6,445 4,644 2,935 819 889

1946 to 1959 ........................................... 763 493 385 83 25 9,127 7,154 4,824 1,208 1,122

1960 to 1969 ........................................... 665 493 383 76 33 10,866 9,421 6,525 1,540 1,356

1970 to 1979 ........................................... 774 592 450 118 24 11,840 10,182 6,384 2,040 1,757

1980 to 1989 ........................................... 846 623 440 130 54 13,931 12,137 6,822 2,924 2,390

1990 to 1999 ........................................... 690 450 323 95 33 11,094 9,446 5,564 2,125 1,758

Census Region

Northeast ................................................. 686 515 411 78 26 12,360 10,577 6,941 1,823 1,813

Midwest ................................................... 1,188 776 609 117 50 16,761 13,702 9,037 2,328 2,336

South ....................................................... 1,762 1,179 874 218 87 23,485 19,014 11,500 4,120 3,395

West ........................................................ 1,021 769 578 153 38 14,731 12,822 8,102 2,628 2,093

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ........................................... 2,376 1,312 1,124 149 39 14,321 8,401 7,108 866 427

5 to 9 ....................................................... 807 643 475 146 22 6,325 5,145 3,739 1,105 301

10 to 19 ................................................... 683 586 413 143 30 8,028 7,000 5,204 1,403 393

20 to 49 ................................................... 487 417 295 68 54 10,814 9,445 6,000 1,921 1,524

50 to 99 ................................................... 174 159 88 40 31 8,898 8,166 4,468 1,935 1,763

100 to 249 ............................................... 90 85 57 14 14 8,356 7,760 4,140 1,685 1,935

250 or More ............................................. 39 36 20 6 10 10,595 10,199 4,920 1,984 3,294

Table B37. Water Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Type of Water Heating

Equipment

Type of Water Heating

Equipment

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with Water 

Heating

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with Water 

Heating

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 116
Centralized 

System

Distributed 

System

Combination 

Centralized 

and 

Distributed 

Systems

Centralized 

System

Distributed 

System

Combination 

Centralized 

and 

Distributed 

Systems

Table B37. Water Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Type of Water Heating

Equipment

Type of Water Heating

Equipment

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with Water 

Heating

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with Water 

Heating

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ............................................. 978 427 362 47 18 6,596 3,340 2,748 336 255

40 to 48 ................................................... 1,156 779 577 175 27 13,105 10,049 7,001 1,931 1,117

49 to 60 ................................................... 986 746 553 149 44 14,200 12,280 7,321 3,039 1,921

61 to 84 ................................................... 664 521 386 102 34 12,458 11,334 6,440 2,493 2,401

85 to 167 ................................................. 474 436 336 55 45 9,116 8,041 4,985 1,535 1,521

Open Continuously .................................. 398 330 259 38 33 11,863 11,070 7,084 1,564 2,422

Multibuilding Facility Activity

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility .................................................... 3,295 2,361 1,909 335 117 41,289 34,705 22,835 6,269 5,601

College or University ............................... 70 65 44 16 5 2,605 2,326 1,700 253 373

Primary or Secondary School .................. 224 122 73 22 28 3,388 2,862 1,705 429 728

Office Complex ........................................ 134 106 47 51 7 3,353 3,035 1,304 948 783

Retail Complex ........................................ 181 141 81 57 3 3,555 3,108 1,491 1,310 307

Religious Campus or Complex ................ 186 128 96 Q Q 1,907 1,656 1,286 Q Q

Health Care Complex .............................. 72 52 35 Q Q 2,339 2,185 1,171 Q 709

Government Complex ............................. 61 42 27 Q Q 1,513 1,177 783 Q Q

Other ....................................................... 434 222 161 43 17 7,389 5,061 3,305 1,080 676

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ................................................. 4,395 3,239 2,472 566 200 65,716 56,115 35,579 10,899 9,637

Natural Gas ............................................. 2,670 2,191 1,706 342 143 45,525 41,366 26,479 7,585 7,302

Fuel Oil .................................................... 434 288 228 37 23 13,285 11,852 6,533 1,870 3,448

District Heat ............................................. 117 101 84 7 11 5,891 5,301 3,464 695 1,142

District Chilled Water .............................. 50 37 29 3 6 2,750 2,455 1,556 254 644

Propane ................................................... 451 334 247 50 36 6,290 5,409 3,504 958 947

Other ....................................................... 153 89 71 14 5 2,322 1,887 1,184 352 351

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ................................................. 1,546 1,546 1,048 399 99 24,171 24,171 12,585 7,068 4,519

Natural Gas ............................................. 1,520 1,520 1,244 173 103 29,196 29,196 19,755 4,032 5,409

Fuel Oil .................................................... 110 110 88 Q Q 2,218 2,218 1,534 Q 498

District Heat ............................................. 62 62 52 5 5 4,182 4,182 2,715 566 901

Propane ................................................... 130 130 104 Q Q 1,371 1,371 1,020 Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating .................. 4,016 3,087 2,344 548 195 61,602 54,204 34,201 10,502 9,500

Buildings with Cooling ............................. 3,560 2,915 2,195 525 194 58,474 52,589 32,972 10,261 9,356

Buildings with Water Heating .................. 3,239 3,239 2,472 566 200 56,115 56,115 35,579 10,899 9,637

Buildings with Cooking ............................ 857 818 608 98 112 24,681 23,830 13,553 4,346 5,932

Buildings with Manufacturing ................... 151 89 64 20 5 3,126 2,364 1,385 601 378

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .............................................. 172 143 103 Q 18 11,882 11,079 5,974 1,828 3,277

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation ................ 767 733 542 91 99 23,328 22,563 12,730 4,141 5,692

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ............................ 698 698 522 81 94 21,793 21,793 13,070 3,452 5,271

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 117
Incandescent

Standard 

Fluorescent

Compact 

Fluorescent

High-Intensity 

Discharge Halogen

All Buildings ............................................... 4,657 4,172 2,193 3,778 607 430 572

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 2,024 980 1,795 198 80 194

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 1,003 548 904 149 94 136

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 663 391 628 109 111 123

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 249 138 230 62 60 43

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 143 83 136 48 43 41

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 59 33 56 24 25 23

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 23 14 22 12 11 9

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 7 5 7 4 5 4

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 327 120 309 56 49 34

Food Sales .................................................. 174 173 53 172 Q Q Q

Food Service ............................................... 349 349 277 308 78 Q 84

Health Care ................................................. 127 127 83 126 20 8 34

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 11 9 11 8 3 3

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 116 74 115 13 Q 31

Lodging ........................................................ 153 149 130 121 55 18 25

Mercantile .................................................... 667 666 346 614 86 40 97

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 532 269 483 69 27 75

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 133 77 131 17 Q 22

Office ........................................................... 739 738 362 696 131 39 81

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 280 164 234 56 41 40

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 59 31 57 6 6 Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 307 237 244 30 28 53

Service ........................................................ 478 465 163 436 37 82 54

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 411 172 340 30 92 45

Other ............................................................ 102 86 32 84 Q 5 Q

Vacant ......................................................... 253 35 Q 34 Q Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 342 221 307 44 41 55

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 436 283 376 58 31 33

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 676 334 622 56 54 79

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 594 307 525 122 48 86

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 731 391 674 81 69 112

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 771 415 721 123 94 131

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 622 242 552 121 93 77

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 686 608 273 565 111 63 92

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 1,033 587 904 166 114 155

South ........................................................... 1,762 1,599 847 1,455 187 159 189

West ............................................................ 1,021 931 486 853 142 94 136

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 1,922 986 1,681 159 153 176

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 793 391 737 105 57 105

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 667 373 627 112 61 84

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 487 258 442 133 76 120

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 174 102 165 43 45 40

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 90 56 88 32 22 31

250 or More ................................................. 39 39 26 39 23 14 17

Table B38. Lighting Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1999

Lighting Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

All Lit 

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 118
Incandescent

Standard 

Fluorescent

Compact 

Fluorescent

High-Intensity 

Discharge Halogen

Table B38. Lighting Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1999

Lighting Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

All Lit 

Buildings

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 579 341 465 37 20 51

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 1,147 532 1,052 166 116 105

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 978 499 895 135 110 138

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 628 322 604 95 71 125

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 458 256 434 79 65 96

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 381 243 327 94 48 58

Space in Building Vacant for at

Least Three Consecutive Months

Completely Vacant ...................................... 140 Q Q Q Q N Q

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 113 32 Q 31 Q Q Q

Partially Vacant ............................................ 697 563 316 524 99 69 103

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 3,707 3,573 1,855 3,219 506 360 469

Multibuilding Facility Activity

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ........................................................ 3,295 3,000 1,598 2,710 408 287 412

College or University ................................... 70 70 43 68 18 11 10

Primary or Secondary School ...................... 224 218 70 206 27 24 10

Office Complex ............................................ 134 121 38 119 18 Q 13

Retail Complex ............................................ 181 167 98 162 27 17 40

Religious Campus or Complex .................... 186 176 112 159 15 Q 30

Health Care Complex .................................. 72 65 33 64 12 4 Q

Government Complex ................................. 61 43 17 37 5 Q Q

Other ............................................................ 434 313 184 252 76 49 50

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 4,172 2,193 3,778 607 430 572

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 2,610 1,463 2,349 390 287 406

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 415 202 383 74 57 64

District Heat ................................................. 117 117 68 108 32 20 19

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 50 25 49 17 11 5

Propane ....................................................... 451 435 225 378 68 45 68

Other ............................................................ 153 152 104 143 Q 16 33

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 3,908 2,090 3,544 591 405 547

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 3,512 1,853 3,215 556 364 491

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 3,197 1,794 2,925 516 339 487

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 857 550 787 179 96 207

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 145 74 141 32 22 30

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 171 93 162 58 42 46

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 34 Q N N N Q N

1 to 50 .......................................................... 835 835 476 708 112 94 110

51 to 99 ........................................................ 1,228 1,228 780 1,117 223 120 226

100 ............................................................... 2,096 2,096 928 1,941 271 215 236

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 464 Q Q Q Q N Q

Percent Lit When Closed

Zero ............................................................. 2,174 1,959 960 1,738 220 173 187

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,688 1,688 938 1,589 253 187 296

51 to 100 ...................................................... 143 143 51 123 39 22 31

Building Never Closed/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 652 381 243 327 94 48 58

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 119
Incandescent

Standard 

Fluorescent

Compact 

Fluorescent

High-Intensity 

Discharge Halogen

Table B38. Lighting Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1999

Lighting Equipment (more than one may apply)

Number of Buildings (thousand)

All

Buildings

All Lit 

Buildings

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent................................................ 2,193 2,193 2,193 1,904 366 233 421

Standard Fluorescent................................... 3,778 3,778 1,904 3,778 490 398 520

Compact Fluorescent................................... 607 607 366 490 607 141 171

High-Intensity Discharge.............................. 430 430 233 398 141 430 133

Halogen........................................................ 572 572 421 520 171 133 572

Other............................................................. 58 58 34 37 4 2 Q

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 843 843 430 843 177 121 153

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 2,167 2,167 1,052 2,151 340 273 313

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 580 531 311 484 107 94 117

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 2,862 2,791 1,455 2,586 408 283 374

Cooling ........................................................ 2,622 2,589 1,367 2,392 391 263 369

Lighting ........................................................ 3,675 3,675 1,899 3,349 493 362 486

Office Equipment ......................................... 184 184 91 177 54 37 36

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 120
Incandescent

Standard 

Fluorescent

Compact 

Fluorescent

High-Intensity 

Discharge Halogen

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 64,321 38,156 60,344 20,666 19,223 17,926

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 5,859 2,946 5,154 738 245 600

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 7,464 4,047 6,722 1,108 663 991

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 10,393 6,055 9,815 1,759 1,701 1,996

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 9,053 5,004 8,344 2,296 2,224 1,611

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 9,997 5,880 9,525 3,425 3,101 2,929

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 8,197 4,685 7,817 3,429 3,633 3,241

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 6,731 4,396 6,423 3,575 3,259 2,677

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 6,628 5,143 6,544 4,336 4,397 3,882

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 8,651 5,027 8,325 2,746 3,761 2,302

Food Sales .................................................. 994 992 525 985 Q Q Q

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 1,851 1,450 1,623 575 Q 558

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 2,918 2,246 2,881 1,712 943 1,350

 Inpatient ..................................................... 1,865 1,865 1,554 1,859 1,389 782 1,009

 Outpatient .................................................. 1,053 1,053 692 1,022 323 Q 341

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 4,476 3,713 4,109 2,587 933 1,686

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 10,383 5,586 9,824 2,793 2,494 3,058

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 4,766 4,754 2,240 4,286 724 767 790

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 5,631 5,628 3,346 5,539 2,068 1,727 2,268

Office ........................................................... 12,044 12,037 7,598 11,608 5,844 2,946 4,034

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 4,295 2,777 3,913 1,467 1,594 980

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 1,006 513 984 304 319 Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 3,405 2,775 3,048 633 490 965

Service ........................................................ 3,388 3,336 1,276 3,218 299 1,163 384

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 9,289 3,803 8,200 1,192 3,870 1,830

Other ............................................................ 1,222 1,176 644 1,142 300 382 Q

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 506 Q 483 Q Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 3,569 2,533 3,246 1,040 682 871

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 5,877 3,909 5,417 1,423 1,530 921

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 8,544 4,951 8,031 2,019 1,981 1,861

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 10,541 6,268 9,939 3,445 2,986 2,916

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 11,638 7,089 11,099 3,824 3,413 3,511

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 13,284 8,028 12,619 4,755 4,166 4,272

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 10,869 5,377 9,993 4,160 4,464 3,574

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 11,804 7,047 11,348 3,939 4,382 3,625

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 15,996 9,903 14,840 5,518 5,513 4,405

South ........................................................... 23,485 22,365 12,970 20,850 6,427 5,874 5,847

West ............................................................ 14,731 14,156 8,236 13,305 4,781 3,454 4,049

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 11,461 6,532 9,890 1,388 1,348 1,448

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 6,251 3,289 5,796 1,118 990 880

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 7,945 4,437 7,439 1,682 1,233 1,482

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 10,814 5,841 10,106 3,032 2,984 2,585

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 8,898 5,330 8,474 2,781 3,306 2,539

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 8,356 5,082 8,164 3,573 3,551 3,003

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 10,595 7,644 10,475 7,093 5,812 5,989

Table B39. Lighting Equipment, Floorspace, 1999

Lighting Equipment (more than one may apply)

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All Lit 

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 121
Incandescent

Standard 

Fluorescent

Compact 

Fluorescent

High-Intensity 

Discharge Halogen

Table B39. Lighting Equipment, Floorspace, 1999

Lighting Equipment (more than one may apply)

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All Lit 

Buildings

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 4,087 2,569 3,355 401 421 596

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 13,061 6,904 12,064 2,607 2,867 1,955

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 14,170 8,181 13,256 4,298 3,691 3,615

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 12,316 7,649 11,978 4,613 4,273 4,576

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 8,905 4,873 8,525 2,769 3,653 2,616

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 11,784 7,980 11,166 5,978 4,319 4,568

Space in Building Vacant for at

Least Three Consecutive Months

Completely Vacant ...................................... 953 Q Q Q Q N Q

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 956 409 Q 386 Q Q Q

Partially Vacant ............................................ 15,520 14,697 9,454 14,140 6,349 4,888 5,590

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 49,910 49,118 28,480 45,721 14,208 14,322 12,290

Multibuilding Facility Activity

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ........................................................ 41,289 39,447 23,311 36,819 12,015 11,225 10,585

College or University ................................... 2,605 2,597 1,427 2,498 1,046 716 560

Primary or Secondary School ...................... 3,388 3,338 1,945 3,169 927 1,318 840

Office Complex ............................................ 3,353 3,273 1,978 3,213 1,583 899 1,200

Retail Complex ............................................ 3,555 3,487 2,068 3,381 1,083 994 1,383

Religious Campus or Complex .................... 1,907 1,887 1,310 1,800 393 Q 557

Health Care Complex .................................. 2,339 2,309 1,635 2,273 1,311 823 919

Government Complex ................................. 1,513 1,341 683 1,319 507 484 Q

Other ............................................................ 7,389 6,643 3,798 5,872 1,801 2,501 1,655

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 64,321 38,156 60,344 20,666 19,223 17,926

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 45,043 27,997 42,436 15,294 14,854 14,031

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 13,192 9,076 12,874 6,857 6,227 5,840

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 5,891 3,779 5,649 3,111 2,158 1,866

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,750 1,578 2,703 1,541 900 864

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 6,255 3,341 5,852 1,593 2,062 1,629

Other ............................................................ 2,322 2,318 1,638 2,212 860 1,001 916

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 61,017 36,640 57,516 20,127 18,821 17,373

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 58,077 34,584 55,007 19,829 18,076 17,093

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 55,746 34,373 52,823 19,339 17,681 16,757

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 24,681 17,469 23,810 11,262 9,908 10,335

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 3,069 1,509 2,926 800 1,207 911

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 11,877 8,413 11,585 7,132 6,086 6,201

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 173 Q N N N Q N

1 to 50 .......................................................... 9,187 9,187 5,551 8,127 1,878 1,442 1,784

51 to 99 ........................................................ 20,665 20,665 14,573 19,430 8,141 6,629 6,977

100 ............................................................... 34,233 34,233 17,940 32,575 10,615 11,148 9,135

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 3,080 232 Q 213 Q N Q

Percent Lit When Closed

Zero ............................................................. 20,771 19,428 9,760 17,697 3,314 4,052 2,966

1 to 50 .......................................................... 30,950 30,950 19,364 29,535 10,581 10,208 9,732

51 to 100 ...................................................... 2,160 2,160 1,052 1,946 794 645 660

Building Never Closed/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 13,457 11,784 7,980 11,166 5,978 4,319 4,568

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 122
Incandescent

Standard 

Fluorescent

Compact 

Fluorescent

High-Intensity 

Discharge Halogen

Table B39. Lighting Equipment, Floorspace, 1999

Lighting Equipment (more than one may apply)

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All Lit 

Buildings

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent................................................ 38,156 38,156 38,156 35,707 15,682 12,726 14,037

Standard Fluorescent................................... 60,344 60,344 35,707 60,344 19,242 18,465 17,171

Compact Fluorescent................................... 20,666 20,666 15,682 19,242 20,666 9,386 10,517

High-Intensity Discharge.............................. 19,223 19,223 12,726 18,465 9,386 19,223 8,832

Halogen........................................................ 17,926 17,926 14,037 17,171 10,517 8,832 17,926

Other............................................................. 1,004 1,004 697 862 525 461 553

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 19,994 19,994 12,721 19,994 8,935 8,144 7,855

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 42,035 42,035 24,967 41,473 16,117 15,009 13,717

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 18,286 17,885 11,615 16,957 7,793 8,306 7,398

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 39,969 39,632 23,293 37,533 11,971 11,677 10,516

Cooling ........................................................ 39,161 38,842 22,573 36,804 11,882 11,390 10,549

Lighting ........................................................ 51,083 51,083 29,489 47,891 14,346 14,631 13,044

Office Equipment ......................................... 9,063 9,052 5,132 8,742 3,264 3,668 2,760

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption 

Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 123