Buildings Characteristics

Conservation Tables

(16 pages, 86 kb)

CONTENTS PAGES

Table 41. Energy Conservation Features, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995

Table 42. Building Shell Conservation Features, Number of Buildings, 1995

Table 43. Building Shell Conservation Features, Floorspace, 1995

Table 44. Reduction in Equipment Use During Off Hours, Number of Buildings and

 Floorspace, 1995

These data are from the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), a

national probability sample survey of commercial buildings sponsored by the Energy Information

Administration, that provides information on the use of energy in commercial buildings in the

United States. The 1995 CBECS was the sixth survey in a series begun in 1979. The data

were collected from a sample of 6,639 buildings representing 4.6 million commercial buildings

and 58.8 billion square feet of commercial floorspace in the U.S. The 1995 data are available

for the four Census regions and nine Census division.

Data provided here are in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission.

appropriate credit would be appreciated. A suggested citation is “U.S. Department of Energy,

Energy Information Administration, “A Look at Commercial Buildings in 1995: Characteristics,

Energy Consumption, and Energy Expenditures.”

Electronic Products and Services

Users can view and download selected pages, sections, or entire reports, search for

information, download data and analysis applications, and find out about new information

products and services.

Contact: Martha Johnson, Survey Manager (martha.johnson@eia.doe.gov)

World Wide Web: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/consumption

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Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Surveys
Table 41. Energy Conservation Features, Number of Buildings and

 Floorspace, 1995

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Any

Conservation

Features

Building

Shell HVAC

LightingAll

Buildings

Any

Conservation

Features

Building

Shell HVAC

Lighting

1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

All Buildings .................................. 4,579 4,075 3,906 2,529 2,084 58,772 55,288 53,190 44,657 38,537 4.0

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 2,399 2,067 1,991 1,086 881 6,338 5,552 5,346 2,978 2,410 6.1

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 1,035 917 867 575 496 7,530 6,671 6,344 4,292 3,626 8.4

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 745 705 676 527 427 11,617 10,928 10,491 8,139 6,625 7.6

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 213 203 195 175 135 7,676 7,311 7,021 6,370 4,936 6.2

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 115 113 109 100 83 7,968 7,848 7,530 6,957 5,806 6.4

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 48 47 44 41 38 6,776 6,534 6,217 5,787 5,364 7.6

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 19 18 18 17 17 5,553 5,427 5,237 5,161 4,912 7.5

 Over 500,000 ................................ 6 6 6 6 5 5,313 5,018 5,005 4,973 4,857 8.8

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 309 308 297 241 196 7,740 7,726 7,519 6,918 5,639 9.1

 Food Sales .................................... 137 130 129 60 57 642 628 609 354 374 15.8

 Food Service ................................ 285 272 259 191 165 1,353 1,305 1,278 1,030 945 12.6

 Health Care ................................... 105 102 102 79 45 2,333 2,328 2,328 2,250 1,980 13.1

 Lodging ......................................... 158 157 156 123 70 3,618 3,600 3,556 3,215 2,535 11.7

 Mercantile and Service ................. 1,289 1,123 1,055 638 521 12,728 11,888 11,369 9,109 7,962 8.4

 Office ............................................ 705 704 696 529 411 10,478 10,463 10,395 9,619 8,212 7.4

 Public Assembly ........................... 326 317 294 222 181 3,948 3,908 3,682 3,357 3,009 12.3

 Public Order and Safety ................ 87 81 80 56 54 1,271 1,137 1,056 915 747 23.8

 Religious Worship ......................... 269 265 263 145 134 2,792 2,752 2,720 1,877 1,709 12.3

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 580 408 367 174 191 8,481 7,079 6,261 4,677 4,356 13.3

 Other ............................................. 67 61 60 46 37 1,004 979 967 852 721 27.2

 Vacant ........................................... 261 149 148 25 22 2,384 1,494 1,450 485 349 19.5

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 353 314 296 172 173 3,673 3,470 3,275 2,298 2,328 12.5

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 562 468 443 296 213 6,710 5,582 5,232 4,266 3,495 10.3

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 867 788 751 458 390 9,298 8,806 8,561 6,789 5,683 7.8

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 718 636 590 418 344 10,858 10,188 9,591 8,689 7,246 7.3

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 813 745 725 446 346 11,333 10,978 10,572 8,671 7,639 6.6

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 846 757 748 537 421 12,252 11,791 11,607 10,129 8,564 7.3

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 218 203 196 107 118 2,590 2,533 2,483 2,149 2,023 12.2

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 202 164 158 95 79 2,059 1,939 1,868 1,665 1,558 15.7

Floors

 One ............................................... 3,018 2,600 2,475 1,490 1,220 24,552 22,001 20,888 15,942 12,843 5.4

 Two ............................................... 1,002 940 911 642 498 14,122 13,756 13,317 11,071 9,372 6.1

 Three ............................................ 399 392 378 271 250 7,335 7,204 6,930 5,908 5,257 10.2

 Four to Nine .................................. 148 132 129 114 106 8,789 8,451 8,192 7,988 7,443 9.3

 Ten or More .................................. 12 12 12 11 10 3,975 3,877 3,863 3,748 3,622 11.5

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 725 658 625 493 446 11,883 11,118 10,464 9,854 8,920 9.4

 Midwest ......................................... 1,139 1,030 974 605 486 14,322 13,733 13,162 10,764 9,495 7.8

 South ............................................ 1,750 1,529 1,497 895 654 20,830 19,139 18,757 14,904 12,087 6.3

 West .............................................. 964 858 809 536 498 11,736 11,297 10,806 9,135 8,036 8.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Energy Conservation Features, Number of Buildings and

 Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Any

Conservation

Features

Building

Shell HVAC

LightingAll

Buildings

Any

Conservation

Features

Building

Shell HVAC

Lighting

1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 2,505 2,065 1,956 1,023 894 13,885 11,230 10,568 6,137 5,260 6.9

 5 to 9 ............................................. 798 755 731 498 396 6,291 5,966 5,689 4,201 3,397 9.3

 10 to 19 ......................................... 625 616 598 456 339 7,102 7,000 6,621 5,287 4,203 8.2

 20 to 49 ......................................... 400 392 378 330 263 9,132 8,917 8,524 7,796 6,249 6.9

 50 to 99 ......................................... 138 133 130 114 94 6,931 6,747 6,504 6,190 5,368 7.9

 100 to 249 ..................................... 71 71 70 67 57 5,988 5,985 5,875 5,735 5,049 7.6

 250 or More .................................. 43 43 43 42 40 9,443 9,443 9,409 9,312 9,012 10.0

Ownership and Occupancy

 Nongovernment Owned ................ 4,025 3,584 3,437 2,133 1,768 46,696 43,720 42,074 34,095 29,737 4.4

 Owner Occupied ......................... 3,158 2,868 2,762 1,735 1,481 35,573 33,842 32,739 26,731 24,062 4.7

 Nonowner Occupied ................... 698 636 595 390 287 9,697 9,172 8,630 7,253 5,625 8.8

 Unoccupied ................................. 170 80 80 Q Q 1,426 706 706 Q Q 21.2

 Government Owned ...................... 553 491 469 396 316 12,076 11,569 11,116 10,562 8,800 6.4

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 4,343 4,002 3,833 2,521 2,084 57,076 54,617 52,520 44,490 38,537 3.9

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,478 2,366 2,287 1,521 1,266 38,145 37,383 36,114 31,011 27,217 4.5

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 607 566 540 443 372 14,421 14,250 13,875 13,335 12,321 9.0

 District Heat .................................. 110 109 107 91 68 5,658 5,638 5,502 5,398 4,583 13.2

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 53 53 48 25 2,521 2,521 2,501 2,446 1,943 17.3

 Propane ........................................ 589 578 561 398 289 5,344 5,281 5,122 4,397 3,736 12.9

 Other ............................................. 213 192 181 105 95 2,336 2,092 2,014 1,784 1,540 17.4

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 4,024 3,839 3,703 2,515 1,996 54,347 53,148 51,383 44,317 37,504 4.1

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 3,381 3,281 3,192 2,227 1,692 49,935 49,016 47,666 41,648 35,010 3.9

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 3,486 3,381 3,273 2,294 1,816 51,560 50,745 49,132 42,925 36,656 4.1

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 828 805 783 584 472 20,713 20,570 20,126 18,590 16,728 5.1

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 204 195 186 120 108 3,893 3,812 3,695 2,901 2,688 13.8

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 247 246 243 210 193 13,366 13,365 13,232 12,961 12,229 8.4

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 554 236 203 14 88 4,425 2,140 1,807 340 1,033 19.8

 1 to 50 ........................................... 555 486 443 278 234 6,227 5,555 5,009 3,644 3,071 12.2

 51 to 99 ......................................... 633 602 573 373 384 8,868 8,743 8,471 7,059 6,907 9.3

 100 ................................................ 2,836 2,751 2,687 1,864 1,378 39,252 38,850 37,903 33,614 27,526 4.1

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled .................................... 1,198 794 713 302 391 8,837 6,272 5,525 3,009 3,527 12.2

 1 to 50 ........................................... 930 870 843 535 471 15,027 14,387 13,623 10,981 9,578 7.9

 51 to 99 ......................................... 635 627 611 456 376 12,549 12,502 12,314 11,343 10,329 7.4

 100 ................................................ 1,816 1,783 1,737 1,236 845 22,359 22,128 21,729 19,324 15,103 5.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Energy Conservation Features, Number of Buildings and

 Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Any

Conservation

Features

Building

Shell HVAC

LightingAll

Buildings

Any

Conservation

Features

Building

Shell HVAC

Lighting

1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero .............................................. 36 Q Q Q Q 189 Q Q Q Q 35.1

 1 to 50 ........................................... 666 582 548 325 278 6,008 5,254 4,875 3,222 3,076 10.1

 51 to 99 ......................................... 745 718 697 486 390 9,692 9,526 9,178 7,976 6,935 9.1

 100 ................................................ 2,814 2,630 2,516 1,684 1,416 40,514 39,251 37,879 33,095 28,527 4.6

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 318 136 136 32 Q 2,369 1,196 1,196 358 Q 20.0

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 394 394 386 295 203 5,843 5,827 5,771 5,159 4,112 8.7

 Furnaces ....................................... 1,676 1,594 1,533 987 761 14,923 14,346 13,741 10,532 8,827 6.5

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 1,188 1,102 1,065 617 575 16,809 16,288 15,673 12,809 11,836 7.9

 District Heat .................................. 115 114 112 97 73 5,911 5,892 5,752 5,637 4,796 13.2

 Boilers ........................................... 610 607 583 515 409 16,754 16,716 16,177 15,552 13,661 6.7

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 1,031 1,002 983 747 582 16,893 16,701 16,335 14,646 12,220 6.0

 Other ............................................. 161 160 159 103 111 6,249 6,220 6,181 5,695 5,573 14.2

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................... 878 866 853 569 424 9,238 9,154 8,885 7,205 6,175 6.8

 Heat Pumps .................................. 457 456 449 340 240 6,931 6,902 6,832 6,077 4,843 8.4

 Individual Air Conditioners ............ 862 825 796 487 379 12,494 12,148 11,642 9,823 8,620 7.1

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 53 53 48 25 2,521 2,521 2,501 2,446 1,943 17.3

 Central Chillers ............................. 109 109 108 105 89 11,065 11,061 10,973 10,879 10,160 8.4

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ............................................. 1,431 1,381 1,346 1,040 804 26,628 26,208 25,606 23,086 19,779 5.3

 Swamp Coolers ............................ 186 184 170 128 87 2,451 2,379 2,324 2,122 1,468 18.8

 Other ............................................. 18 18 17 15 13 949 948 945 902 846 19.9

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

 Incandescent ................................ 2,479 2,306 2,234 1,516 1,225 35,715 34,451 33,382 29,008 25,823 4.2

 Standard Fluorescent ................... 3,885 3,665 3,521 2,380 1,991 53,984 52,412 50,521 43,403 37,682 4.0

 Compact Fluorescent .................... 364 363 359 295 270 14,273 14,145 13,934 13,499 12,965 7.9

 High-Intensity Discharge ............... 393 385 365 311 312 16,259 16,153 15,532 14,969 14,692 7.5

 Halogen ........................................ 302 301 298 224 199 9,665 9,654 9,544 8,903 8,813 9.2

 Other ............................................. 30 17 Q Q Q 554 517 512 515 499 46.9

Water-Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Centralized System ....................... 2,671 2,575 2,489 1,696 1,339 31,656 31,012 29,845 25,459 21,456 4.7

 Distributed System ........................ 742 733 711 538 420 16,495 16,324 15,902 14,261 12,124 6.3

 Combination of Centralized

 and Distributed System ................ 73 73 73 60 57 3,409 3,409 3,384 3,205 3,076 12.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Energy Conservation Features, Number of Buildings and

 Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Any

Conservation

Features

Building

Shell HVAC

LightingAll

Buildings

Any

Conservation

Features

Building

Shell HVAC

Lighting

1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

 Roof or Ceiling Insulation .............. 3,380 3,380 3,380 2,215 1,759 46,355 46,355 46,355 38,639 32,858 4.4

 Wall Insulation .............................. 2,372 2,372 2,372 1,637 1,289 31,694 31,694 31,694 26,952 22,975 4.9

 Storm or Multiple Glazing ............. 1,897 1,897 1,897 1,323 1,043 28,876 28,876 28,876 25,087 21,493 5.0

 Tinted, Reflective or

 Shading Glass ............................. 1,202 1,202 1,202 856 651 24,245 24,245 24,245 21,789 19,123 5.6

 Exterior or Interior

 Shading or Awnings ..................... 2,271 2,271 2,271 1,543 1,226 37,208 37,208 37,208 31,845 27,125 4.5

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Variable Air-Volume System ......... 327 327 324 327 256 13,473 13,473 13,373 13,473 12,220 8.1

 Economizer Cycle ......................... 461 461 452 461 335 16,550 16,550 16,419 16,550 14,482 6.6

 HVAC Maintenance ...................... 2,403 2,403 2,319 2,403 1,487 43,134 43,134 41,849 43,134 32,859 4.4

 Other Energy Efficient

 Equipment .................................... 198 198 194 198 139 6,453 6,453 6,394 6,453 5,677 10.8

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Specular Reflectors ...................... 749 749 701 580 749 17,868 17,868 17,155 16,167 17,868 6.6

 Energy-Efficient Ballasts ............... 1,363 1,363 1,283 1,054 1,363 28,375 28,375 27,430 25,806 28,375 5.5

 Natural Lighting Control

 Sensors ........................................ 237 237 228 195 237 6,431 6,431 6,296 6,062 6,431 10.4

 Occupancy Sensors ...................... 131 131 130 112 131 5,958 5,958 5,874 5,723 5,958 12.5

 Time Clock .................................... 467 467 448 384 467 13,262 13,262 12,966 12,463 13,262 7.9

 Manual Dimmer Switches ............. 501 501 491 386 501 13,056 13,056 12,899 12,052 13,056 6.4

 Other ............................................. 79 79 73 67 79 2,836 2,836 2,755 2,708 2,836 16.2

Energy Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Any Conservation Features .......... 4,075 4,075 3,906 2,529 2,084 55,288 55,288 53,190 44,657 38,537 4.0

 Building Shell ................................ 3,906 3,906 3,906 2,443 1,963 53,190 53,190 53,190 43,329 36,922 4.0

 HVAC ............................................ 2,529 2,529 2,443 2,529 1,555 44,657 44,657 43,329 44,657 33,875 4.3

 Lighting ......................................... 2,084 2,084 1,963 1,555 2,084 38,537 38,537 36,922 33,875 38,537 4.5

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of

abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Table 42. Building Shell Conservation Features, Number of Buildings, 1995

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Types of Building Shell Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Any

Building

Shell

ConserVation

Features

Roof or

Ceiling

Insulation

Wall

Insulation

Storms

or

Multiple

Glazing

Tinted,

Reflective

or Shading

Glass

Exterior

or Interior

Shadings

or Awnings

0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.0

All Buildings .................................. 4,579 3,906 3,380 2,372 1,897 1,202 2,271 4.8

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 2,399 1,991 1,718 1,238 909 514 1,048 6.6

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 1,035 867 751 480 430 262 468 9.2

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 745 676 595 447 357 246 481 9.2

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 213 195 166 108 100 92 137 6.5

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 115 109 92 59 60 47 85 7.0

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 48 44 39 26 26 24 33 7.9

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 19 18 16 10 11 12 15 8.3

 Over 500,000 ................................ 6 6 5 4 3 4 4 9.6

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 309 297 236 145 96 99 219 12.0

 Food Sales .................................... 137 129 128 77 44 54 52 20.1

 Food Service ................................ 285 259 216 173 128 89 131 13.2

 Health Care ................................... 105 102 91 65 54 31 80 20.1

 Lodging ......................................... 158 156 134 103 82 22 102 14.9

 Mercantile and Service ................. 1,289 1,055 910 607 483 285 529 10.3

 Office ............................................ 705 696 634 519 454 310 561 8.8

 Public Assembly ........................... 326 294 275 180 142 73 164 16.6

 Public Order and Safety ................ 87 80 77 56 50 8 43 28.4

 Religious Worship ......................... 269 263 229 163 160 111 136 15.3

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 580 367 306 191 121 90 160 17.9

 Other ............................................. 67 60 58 40 38 Q 28 36.8

 Vacant ........................................... 261 148 86 54 45 17 67 20.9

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 353 296 220 112 190 49 202 15.7

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 562 443 325 196 202 102 242 14.5

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 867 751 632 373 368 197 441 9.0

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 718 590 527 321 191 140 333 9.9

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 813 725 673 476 297 256 418 8.5

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 846 748 688 603 420 328 440 8.9

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 218 196 176 165 126 84 109 16.3

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 202 158 138 125 104 46 85 22.0

Floors

 One ............................................... 3,018 2,475 2,169 1,521 1,017 780 1,292 6.3

 Two ............................................... 1,002 911 801 583 512 278 575 7.7

 Three ............................................ 399 378 301 194 268 81 286 12.5

 Four to Nine .................................. 148 129 101 67 93 55 107 14.3

 Ten or More .................................. 12 12 9 7 7 8 10 12.5

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 725 625 552 391 407 109 331 13.2

 Midwest ......................................... 1,139 974 848 605 675 268 499 10.3

 South ............................................ 1,750 1,497 1,343 955 541 472 890 6.9

 West .............................................. 964 809 637 421 273 353 551 11.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Building Shell Conservation Features, Number of Buildings, 1995 

 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Types of Building Shell Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Any

Building

Shell

ConserVation

Features

Roof or

Ceiling

Insulation

Wall

Insulation

Storms

or

Multiple

Glazing

Tinted,

Reflective

or Shading

Glass

Exterior

or Interior

Shadings

or Awnings

0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.0

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 2,505 1,956 1,642 1,120 863 493 962 7.3

 5 to 9 ............................................. 798 731 642 469 380 228 423 10.7

 10 to 19 ......................................... 625 598 550 378 312 184 410 10.1

 20 to 49 ......................................... 400 378 331 258 212 153 292 8.9

 50 to 99 ......................................... 138 130 112 76 60 69 95 9.2

 100 to 249 ..................................... 71 70 64 43 41 43 57 9.4

 250 or More .................................. 43 43 39 28 29 32 32 16.8

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 899 645 536 380 252 131 259 12.0

 40 to 48 ......................................... 1,257 1,150 980 712 572 402 731 7.5

 49 to 60 ......................................... 969 845 734 577 463 270 553 8.8

 61 to 84 ......................................... 567 510 443 267 209 159 301 11.0

 85 to 167 ....................................... 420 360 341 205 168 117 175 10.8

 Open Continuously ....................... 466 394 347 231 231 123 252 11.1

Ownership and Occupancy

 Nongovernment Owned ................ 4,025 3,437 2,975 2,123 1,703 1,070 1,976 5.1

 Owner Occupied ......................... 3,158 2,762 2,434 1,785 1,466 856 1,563 5.7

 Nonowner Occupied ................... 698 595 494 304 212 208 395 10.9

 Unoccupied ................................. 170 80 47 34 25 6 19 28.5

 Government Owned ...................... 553 469 406 249 194 132 295 9.4

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 4,343 3,833 3,333 2,355 1,869 1,200 2,265 4.7

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,478 2,287 1,959 1,335 1,130 804 1,383 5.5

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 607 540 472 325 345 110 346 14.9

 District Heat .................................. 110 107 93 57 45 40 69 19.8

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 53 46 32 24 27 32 29.3

 Propane ........................................ 589 561 496 386 324 132 297 14.4

 Other ............................................. 213 181 150 115 83 28 103 23.3

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

 Electricity ...................................... 1,007 941 845 672 406 305 651 10.0

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,106 1,937 1,657 1,138 981 682 1,126 5.9

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 439 374 323 211 233 51 236 18.3

 District Heat .................................. 107 105 91 56 44 38 68 20.2

 Propane ........................................ 260 254 230 177 156 77 115 18.8

 Other ............................................. 61 49 36 35 Q Q Q 40.5

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 3,293 3,105 2,729 1,998 1,564 1,070 1,993 4.6

 Natural Gas ................................... 65 64 49 41 38 16 47 27.8

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 53 46 32 24 27 32 29.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Building Shell Conservation Features, Number of Buildings, 1995 

 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Types of Building Shell Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Any

Building

Shell

ConserVation

Features

Roof or

Ceiling

Insulation

Wall

Insulation

Storms

or

Multiple

Glazing

Tinted,

Reflective

or Shading

Glass

Exterior

or Interior

Shadings

or Awnings

0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.0

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 1,684 1,578 1,439 1,112 849 564 1,031 7.4

 Natural Gas ................................... 1,577 1,482 1,242 814 717 501 899 7.5

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 120 118 105 74 84 17 62 30.5

 District Heat .................................. 54 52 48 35 22 21 32 18.8

 Propane ........................................ 110 103 98 58 58 16 63 27.2

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 487 464 414 317 248 172 285 10.9

 Natural Gas ................................... 448 427 361 236 192 153 278 9.6

 Propane ........................................ 123 108 96 83 71 28 56 25.9

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 4,024 3,703 3,226 2,315 1,853 1,171 2,234 4.9

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 3,381 3,192 2,805 2,057 1,619 1,104 2,049 4.5

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 3,486 3,273 2,881 2,043 1,688 1,086 2,037 5.1

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 828 783 671 483 390 276 499 7.1

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 204 186 157 126 80 42 108 19.7

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 247 243 222 151 148 87 178 13.7

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 554 203 155 57 44 31 37 23.1

 1 to 50 ........................................... 555 443 350 232 168 134 266 14.9

 51 to 99 ......................................... 633 573 497 391 318 211 392 10.8

 100 ................................................ 2,836 2,687 2,379 1,693 1,367 826 1,576 5.0

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled .................................... 1,198 713 576 315 278 98 223 16.1

 1 to 50 ........................................... 930 843 703 448 418 237 521 10.3

 51 to 99 ......................................... 635 611 537 405 362 240 436 10.1

 100 ................................................ 1,816 1,737 1,565 1,204 839 627 1,092 5.5

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero .............................................. 36 QQQQQQ 46.9

 1 to 50 ........................................... 666 548 443 315 287 183 330 11.4

 51 to 99 ......................................... 745 697 614 439 329 231 457 12.3

 100 ................................................ 2,814 2,516 2,226 1,560 1,236 774 1,445 5.8

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 318 136 90 56 43 7 39 23.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Building Shell Conservation Features, Number of Buildings, 1995 

 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Types of Building Shell Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Any

Building

Shell

ConserVation

Features

Roof or

Ceiling

Insulation

Wall

Insulation

Storms

or

Multiple

Glazing

Tinted,

Reflective

or Shading

Glass

Exterior

or Interior

Shadings

or Awnings

0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.0

Percent Lit when Closed

 Zero .............................................. 1,644 1,389 1,206 841 576 356 749 9.6

 1 to 50 ........................................... 2,109 1,917 1,678 1,203 1,016 692 1,195 5.9

 51 to 100 ....................................... 87 80 70 41 33 24 37 26.5

 Never Closed ................................ 421 384 337 231 228 123 251 10.9

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 318 136 90 56 43 7 39 23.9

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

 Roof or Ceiling Insulation .............. 3,380 3,380 3,380 2,232 1,688 1,048 1,913 5.0

 Wall Insulation .............................. 2,372 2,372 2,232 2,372 1,398 775 1,393 5.3

 Storm or Multiple Glazing ............. 1,897 1,897 1,688 1,398 1,897 733 1,231 6.2

 Tinted, Reflective or

 Shading Glass ............................. 1,202 1,202 1,048 775 733 1,202 859 6.7

 Exterior or Interior

 Shading or Awnings ..................... 2,271 2,271 1,913 1,393 1,231 859 2,271 5.5

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Variable Air-Volume System ......... 327 324 295 241 239 179 223 12.5

 Economizer Cycle ......................... 461 452 405 310 302 222 296 9.6

 HVAC Maintenance ...................... 2,403 2,319 2,111 1,545 1,260 812 1,482 5.8

 Other Energy Efficient

 Equipment .................................... 198 194 171 141 98 74 114 18.0

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary

for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey.
Table 43. Building Shell Conservation Features, Floorspace, 1995

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Types of Building Shell Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Any

Building

Shell

ConserVation

Features

Roof or

Ceiling

Insulation

Wall

Insulation

Storms

or

Multiple

Glazing

Tinted,

Reflective

or Shading

Glass

Exterior

or Interior

Shadings

or Awnings

0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0

All Buildings .................................. 58,772 53,190 46,355 31,694 28,876 24,245 37,208 3.9

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 6,338 5,346 4,631 3,384 2,475 1,353 2,806 6.4

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 7,530 6,344 5,487 3,503 3,220 1,869 3,470 9.2

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 11,617 10,491 9,236 6,846 5,550 3,836 7,514 8.6

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 7,676 7,021 5,961 3,906 3,638 3,365 4,934 6.8

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 7,968 7,530 6,400 4,090 4,235 3,366 5,864 6.7

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 6,776 6,217 5,529 3,633 3,598 3,372 4,700 8.0

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 5,553 5,237 4,684 3,120 3,345 3,486 4,454 8.8

 Over 500,000 ................................ 5,313 5,005 4,425 3,211 2,815 3,598 3,467 9.5

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 7,740 7,519 6,409 3,637 3,588 2,778 6,010 8.2

 Food Sales .................................... 642 609 591 359 218 237 284 15.8

 Food Service ................................ 1,353 1,278 1,004 842 733 501 784 14.3

 Health Care ................................... 2,333 2,328 2,199 1,701 1,782 1,661 2,106 9.7

 Lodging ......................................... 3,618 3,556 3,010 2,444 2,433 1,253 2,520 11.2

 Mercantile and Service ................. 12,728 11,369 10,088 6,664 5,156 4,713 6,335 8.5

 Office ............................................ 10,478 10,395 9,182 7,021 6,867 6,831 9,229 6.5

 Public Assembly ........................... 3,948 3,682 3,226 2,041 1,944 1,663 2,448 11.4

 Public Order and Safety ................ 1,271 1,056 1,021 602 653 371 650 20.7

 Religious Worship ......................... 2,792 2,720 2,397 1,724 1,954 1,166 1,686 12.6

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 8,481 6,261 5,382 3,371 2,424 2,337 3,716 13.3

 Other ............................................. 1,004 967 895 656 606 424 675 24.5

 Vacant ........................................... 2,384 1,450 952 631 518 309 765 17.5

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 3,673 3,275 2,435 1,326 2,134 806 2,430 11.8

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 6,710 5,232 3,801 1,944 2,484 1,513 3,571 11.2

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 9,298 8,561 7,382 4,133 4,085 2,922 5,965 8.8

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 10,858 9,591 8,387 4,829 3,913 3,757 6,504 6.9

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 11,333 10,572 9,678 6,740 5,191 5,540 7,194 6.0

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 12,252 11,607 10,589 9,116 7,507 6,964 8,492 6.9

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 2,590 2,483 2,339 2,098 2,001 1,651 1,732 10.2

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 2,059 1,868 1,745 1,508 1,562 1,093 1,321 12.6

Floors

 One ............................................... 24,552 20,888 18,412 12,718 9,077 8,007 12,524 6.3

 Two ............................................... 14,122 13,317 11,936 8,067 6,920 5,768 8,975 6.1

 Three ............................................ 7,335 6,930 5,810 3,775 4,652 2,785 5,510 9.3

 Four to Nine .................................. 8,789 8,192 7,002 4,780 5,840 4,996 6,976 6.8

 Ten or More .................................. 3,975 3,863 3,195 2,353 2,387 2,689 3,223 9.9

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 11,883 10,464 9,040 5,927 6,442 3,585 7,033 8.8

 Midwest ......................................... 14,322 13,162 11,620 8,467 9,464 5,474 8,698 7.1

 South ............................................ 20,830 18,757 16,743 11,878 8,475 8,976 13,138 6.5

 West .............................................. 11,736 10,806 8,952 5,422 4,495 6,210 8,339 8.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Building Shell Conservation Features, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Types of Building Shell Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Any

Building

Shell

ConserVation

Features

Roof or

Ceiling

Insulation

Wall

Insulation

Storms

or

Multiple

Glazing

Tinted,

Reflective

or Shading

Glass

Exterior

or Interior

Shadings

or Awnings

0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 13,885 10,568 8,643 5,737 5,013 2,932 5,326 8.4

 5 to 9 ............................................. 6,291 5,689 4,861 3,423 2,873 1,739 3,420 10.9

 10 to 19 ......................................... 7,102 6,621 5,899 3,939 3,180 2,237 4,582 7.9

 20 to 49 ......................................... 9,132 8,524 7,531 5,414 4,557 3,369 6,605 6.5

 50 to 99 ......................................... 6,931 6,504 5,603 3,688 3,819 3,307 5,025 7.6

 100 to 249 ..................................... 5,988 5,875 5,362 3,485 3,428 3,694 4,779 7.9

 250 or More .................................. 9,443 9,409 8,456 6,008 6,006 6,968 7,472 6.9

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 6,134 4,482 3,616 2,398 1,889 1,090 1,979 10.2

 40 to 48 ......................................... 13,233 11,977 10,340 6,798 6,484 5,266 8,796 8.1

 49 to 60 ......................................... 12,242 11,170 9,621 7,118 6,051 5,255 8,379 6.4

 61 to 84 ......................................... 10,052 9,590 8,510 5,355 4,830 4,637 6,318 7.6

 85 to 167 ....................................... 6,202 5,560 5,074 3,042 2,740 2,595 3,719 8.9

 Open Continuously ....................... 10,908 10,411 9,194 6,982 6,883 5,402 8,016 6.2

Ownership and Occupancy

 Nongovernment Owned ................ 46,696 42,074 36,498 26,016 23,322 19,496 28,878 4.4

 Owner Occupied ......................... 35,573 32,739 28,681 20,899 19,243 15,089 22,376 4.6

 Nonowner Occupied ................... 9,697 8,630 7,379 4,823 3,860 4,271 6,194 8.9

 Unoccupied ................................. 1,426 706 439 293 219 137 309 26.3

 Government Owned ...................... 12,076 11,116 9,856 5,678 5,554 4,749 8,330 6.2

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 57,076 52,520 45,886 31,505 28,606 24,184 37,011 3.9

 Natural Gas ................................... 38,145 36,114 31,323 21,272 20,125 16,871 25,919 4.6

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 14,421 13,875 12,325 8,690 9,453 7,670 10,705 6.7

 District Heat .................................. 5,658 5,502 4,820 2,972 3,016 2,876 4,144 9.5

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 2,501 2,215 1,470 1,560 1,692 1,991 11.5

 Propane ........................................ 5,344 5,122 4,474 3,648 3,252 1,835 3,378 13.4

 Other ............................................. 2,336 2,014 1,735 1,204 1,302 878 1,675 15.9

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

 Electricity ...................................... 13,500 12,858 11,636 8,959 6,688 7,118 9,796 7.3

 Natural Gas ................................... 28,808 27,193 23,631 15,840 15,265 12,152 18,696 4.9

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 4,207 3,779 3,164 1,872 2,256 993 2,744 14.1

 District Heat .................................. 5,289 5,132 4,484 2,763 2,755 2,651 3,882 9.4

 Propane ........................................ 1,545 1,497 1,272 1,086 941 468 813 21.8

 Other ............................................. 514 441 321 302 Q Q Q 32.5

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 47,761 45,507 40,331 28,314 25,484 22,022 32,991 4.0

 Natural Gas ................................... 1,314 1,301 1,088 831 836 681 1,112 17.3

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 2,501 2,215 1,470 1,560 1,692 1,991 11.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Building Shell Conservation Features, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Types of Building Shell Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Any

Building

Shell

ConserVation

Features

Roof or

Ceiling

Insulation

Wall

Insulation

Storms

or

Multiple

Glazing

Tinted,

Reflective

or Shading

Glass

Exterior

or Interior

Shadings

or Awnings

0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 23,056 21,832 19,830 14,748 12,417 11,165 15,461 6.7

 Natural Gas ................................... 24,859 23,753 20,307 13,431 13,186 10,986 17,382 5.0

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 2,151 2,089 1,845 1,016 1,177 548 1,638 16.1

 District Heat .................................. 3,949 3,873 3,418 2,046 2,001 2,033 2,924 11.1

 Propane ........................................ 1,020 992 850 635 540 317 758 20.6

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 12,249 12,003 10,824 7,758 6,895 6,899 8,719 6.9

 Natural Gas ................................... 13,195 12,831 11,257 7,567 7,552 6,749 9,603 5.9

 Propane ........................................ 1,480 1,358 1,142 986 859 477 1,001 21.4

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 54,347 51,383 44,941 31,112 28,454 23,686 36,667 4.0

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 49,935 47,666 42,198 29,545 26,701 23,202 34,641 4.0

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 51,560 49,132 43,107 29,797 27,490 23,268 35,510 4.0

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 20,713 20,126 17,680 12,352 11,768 10,663 15,086 4.8

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 3,893 3,695 3,321 2,272 1,596 1,557 2,726 11.7

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 13,366 13,232 11,939 8,557 8,752 8,385 10,537 6.1

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 4,425 1,807 1,414 582 422 559 541 23.3

 1 to 50 ........................................... 6,227 5,009 3,953 2,612 2,048 2,040 3,348 13.7

 51 to 99 ......................................... 8,868 8,471 7,499 5,494 4,642 4,188 6,279 9.0

 100 ................................................ 39,252 37,903 33,488 23,006 21,765 17,458 27,040 4.1

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled .................................... 8,837 5,525 4,157 2,148 2,175 1,043 2,567 13.2

 1 to 50 ........................................... 15,027 13,623 11,596 7,053 6,949 4,903 9,387 8.0

 51 to 99 ......................................... 12,549 12,314 10,941 7,915 7,579 6,891 9,573 6.6

 100 ................................................ 22,359 21,729 19,662 14,577 12,173 11,408 15,681 5.2

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero .............................................. 189 QQQQQQ 32.2

 1 to 50 ........................................... 6,008 4,875 3,762 2,685 2,553 1,791 3,303 9.8

 51 to 99 ......................................... 9,692 9,178 8,106 5,834 5,066 4,133 7,081 8.1

 100 ................................................ 40,514 37,879 33,635 22,646 20,827 18,148 26,322 4.3

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 2,369 1,196 801 508 419 144 496 19.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Building Shell Conservation Features, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Types of Building Shell Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Any

Building

Shell

ConserVation

Features

Roof or

Ceiling

Insulation

Wall

Insulation

Storms

or

Multiple

Glazing

Tinted,

Reflective

or Shading

Glass

Exterior

or Interior

Shadings

or Awnings

0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

 Roof or Ceiling Insulation .............. 46,355 46,355 46,355 29,919 25,882 21,522 32,169 4.2

 Wall Insulation .............................. 31,694 31,694 29,919 31,694 20,737 15,475 22,463 4.7

 Storm or Multiple Glazing ............. 28,876 28,876 25,882 20,737 28,876 16,231 22,098 4.4

 Tinted, Reflective or

 Shading Glass ............................. 24,245 24,245 21,522 15,475 16,231 24,245 19,355 4.4

 Exterior or Interior

 Shading or Awnings ..................... 37,208 37,208 32,169 22,463 22,098 19,355 37,208 4.0

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Variable Air-Volume System ......... 13,473 13,373 12,310 9,373 9,347 9,407 10,782 6.3

 Economizer Cycle ......................... 16,550 16,419 14,913 10,897 11,264 10,566 12,904 5.6

 HVAC Maintenance ...................... 43,134 41,849 37,489 26,005 24,403 21,177 31,019 4.3

 Other Energy Efficient

 Equipment .................................... 6,453 6,394 5,692 4,156 4,150 4,194 5,059 7.8

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary

for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey.
Table 44. Reduction in Equipment Use During Off Hours, Number of Buildings

 and Floorspace, 1995

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

All

Buildings

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating Cooling Lighting Heating Cooling Lighting

1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9

All Buildings .................................. 4,579 3,211 2,707 3,753 58,772 38,326 35,605 44,937 4.0

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 2,399 1,707 1,353 1,975 6,338 4,531 3,582 5,235 5.2

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 1,035 715 622 851 7,530 5,283 4,620 6,242 8.3

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 745 518 474 610 11,617 8,095 7,442 9,499 8.1

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 213 149 143 176 7,676 5,363 5,160 6,356 6.6

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 115 78 73 91 7,968 5,312 5,048 6,266 6.3

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 48 32 30 36 6,776 4,460 4,251 5,051 7.9

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 19 9 9 12 5,553 2,721 2,692 3,436 8.9

 Over 500,000 ................................ 6 3 3 3 5,313 2,561 2,809 2,851 12.1

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 309 278 228 303 7,740 7,059 6,116 7,378 9.0

 Food Sales .................................... 137 69 74 103 642 272 297 442 15.6

 Food Service ................................ 285 246 240 272 1,353 1,055 1,057 1,225 12.0

 Health Care ................................... 105 68 68 80 2,333 516 534 600 19.3

 Lodging ......................................... 158 20 14 15 3,618 225 209 234 27.5

 Mercantile and Service ................. 1,289 1,060 809 1,186 12,728 10,118 9,399 11,525 7.8

 Office ............................................ 705 580 574 662 10,478 7,758 7,881 8,945 7.2

 Public Assembly ........................... 326 259 203 311 3,948 2,892 2,482 3,385 12.0

 Public Order and Safety ................ 87 44 7 54 1,271 463 247 628 27.7

 Religious Worship ......................... 269 239 195 242 2,792 2,578 2,228 2,605 11.9

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 580 277 230 418 8,481 4,583 4,336 6,666 13.0

 Other ............................................. 67 19 25 51 1,004 384 410 757 27.5

 Vacant ........................................... 261 52 41 56 2,384 423 410 548 20.3

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 353 256 222 297 3,673 2,497 2,187 2,991 13.2

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 562 371 278 439 6,710 4,158 3,547 4,898 9.8

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 867 652 527 729 9,298 6,632 5,759 7,599 8.3

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 718 513 397 591 10,858 6,680 6,105 8,052 8.2

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 813 572 552 700 11,333 7,537 7,542 8,760 6.7

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 846 606 536 674 12,252 7,954 7,819 9,248 8.0

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 218 149 120 180 2,590 1,749 1,621 1,984 12.8

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 202 92 76 143 2,059 1,119 1,024 1,404 18.6

Floors

 One ............................................... 3,018 2,088 1,731 2,472 24,552 16,656 15,123 20,143 5.4

 Two ............................................... 1,002 745 625 826 14,122 9,902 9,198 11,389 6.2

 Three ............................................ 399 297 264 349 7,335 5,297 4,866 6,062 10.0

 Four to Nine .................................. 148 74 80 99 8,789 4,478 4,402 5,273 11.5

 Ten or More .................................. 12 7 7 7 3,975 1,992 2,015 2,070 14.9

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 725 541 369 603 11,883 7,907 6,730 8,675 9.9

 Midwest ......................................... 1,139 769 629 938 14,322 9,066 8,142 11,152 8.2

 South ............................................ 1,750 1,230 1,142 1,424 20,830 13,370 13,423 15,899 5.9

 West .............................................. 964 671 567 788 11,736 7,983 7,310 9,211 9.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Reduction in Equipment Use During Off Hours, Number of Buildings

 and Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

All

Buildings

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating Cooling Lighting Heating Cooling Lighting

1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 2,505 1,590 1,219 1,890 13,885 8,134 6,484 9,874 7.0

 5 to 9 ............................................. 798 640 570 735 6,291 4,759 4,270 5,472 9.2

 10 to 19 ......................................... 625 527 480 573 7,102 5,562 5,250 6,277 8.1

 20 to 49 ......................................... 400 279 265 351 9,132 6,343 6,013 7,631 7.7

 50 to 99 ......................................... 138 98 98 118 6,931 4,582 4,316 5,493 8.5

 100 to 249 ..................................... 71 47 48 55 5,988 3,893 3,971 4,499 8.2

 250 or More .................................. 43 29 28 32 9,443 5,054 5,301 5,690 12.6

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 899 517 345 654 6,134 3,340 2,448 4,123 10.3

 40 to 48 ......................................... 1,257 1,093 954 1,229 13,233 11,083 10,156 12,953 6.6

 49 to 60 ......................................... 969 824 725 924 12,242 10,592 10,068 11,939 7.2

 61 to 84 ......................................... 567 474 396 555 10,052 8,293 8,063 9,951 8.0

 85 to 167 ....................................... 420 303 286 391 6,202 5,017 4,871 5,970 7.9

 Open Continuously ....................... 466 -- -- -- 10,908 -- -- -- 8.6

Ownership and Occupancy

 Nongovernment Owned ................ 4,025 2,846 2,438 3,307 46,696 30,267 28,437 35,675 4.4

 Owner Occupied ......................... 3,158 2,292 1,932 2,669 35,573 22,943 21,348 27,042 4.7

 Nonowner Occupied ................... 698 539 498 630 9,697 7,235 7,017 8,557 8.8

 Unoccupied ................................. 170 Q Q Q 1,426 Q Q Q 22.4

 Government Owned ...................... 553 365 269 446 12,076 8,059 7,168 9,262 7.2

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 4,343 3,200 2,706 3,753 57,076 38,172 35,500 44,937 4.0

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,478 1,973 1,729 2,165 38,145 26,496 24,583 29,458 4.7

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 607 467 280 508 14,421 8,558 7,639 9,550 9.8

 District Heat .................................. 110 62 58 77 5,658 2,748 2,610 3,306 15.8

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 38 38 41 2,521 1,454 1,482 1,595 21.3

 Propane ........................................ 589 470 337 507 5,344 4,049 3,317 4,362 13.6

 Other ............................................. 213 160 88 184 2,336 1,752 1,485 1,870 17.6

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

 Electricity ...................................... 1,007 755 687 862 13,500 9,286 9,182 10,796 8.9

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,106 1,732 1,530 1,884 28,808 21,051 19,368 23,170 5.0

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 439 355 201 381 4,207 3,292 2,405 3,484 14.1

 District Heat .................................. 107 60 56 75 5,289 2,619 2,464 3,160 16.1

 Propane ........................................ 260 219 142 229 1,545 1,341 982 1,378 19.2

 Other ............................................. 61 54 Q 55 514 462 Q 474 30.2

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 3,293 2,566 2,642 2,898 47,761 33,066 34,193 37,851 4.0

 Natural Gas ................................... 65 57 58 59 1,314 763 794 865 21.5

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 38 38 41 2,521 1,454 1,482 1,595 21.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Reduction in Equipment Use During Off Hours, Number of Buildings

 and Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

All

Buildings

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating Cooling Lighting Heating Cooling Lighting

1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 487 386 337 433 12,249 8,043 7,885 8,985 8.0

 Natural Gas ................................... 448 333 309 375 13,195 8,048 7,515 8,731 7.8

 Propane ........................................ 123 101 90 114 1,480 1,177 1,020 1,232 20.5

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 4,024 3,211 2,654 3,522 54,347 38,326 34,890 42,747 4.2

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 3,381 2,630 2,707 2,964 49,935 34,434 35,605 39,237 4.0

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 3,486 2,702 2,343 3,021 51,560 35,438 33,195 40,160 4.3

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 828 635 569 716 20,713 13,458 12,781 14,863 5.6

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 204 133 124 186 3,893 2,576 2,501 3,153 14.0

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 247 136 106 160 13,366 6,910 6,969 7,919 10.8

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 554 -- 53 231 4,425 -- 716 2,189 18.7

 1 to 50 ........................................... 555 452 334 491 6,227 4,883 4,186 5,268 11.7

 51 to 99 ......................................... 633 488 414 540 8,868 5,972 5,640 6,754 9.9

 100 ................................................ 2,836 2,271 1,907 2,491 39,252 27,471 25,064 30,725 4.3

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled .................................... 1,198 581 -- 789 8,837 3,892 -- 5,700 11.6

 1 to 50 ........................................... 930 768 804 860 15,027 11,407 11,744 12,876 7.7

 51 to 99 ......................................... 635 469 471 531 12,549 8,027 8,321 9,058 7.5

 100 ................................................ 1,816 1,393 1,433 1,572 22,359 15,000 15,540 17,303 5.0

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero .............................................. 36 Q Q -- 189 Q Q -- 37.2

 1 to 50 ........................................... 666 458 407 561 6,008 4,169 3,850 5,052 9.6

 51 to 99 ......................................... 745 614 503 677 9,692 7,073 6,339 8,017 9.7

 100 ................................................ 2,814 2,121 1,795 2,515 40,514 26,896 25,291 31,867 4.7

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 318 Q Q -- 2,369 Q Q -- 18.0

Percent Lit when Closed

 Zero .............................................. 1,644 1,330 1,005 1,620 13,101 10,600 8,918 12,947 7.8

 1 to 50 ........................................... 2,109 1,806 1,640 2,083 30,711 26,033 25,054 30,513 4.7

 51 to 100 ....................................... 87 64 61 50 1,914 1,534 1,524 1,477 19.7

 Never Closed ................................ 421 -- -- -- 10,677 -- -- -- 8.3

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 318 Q Q -- 2,369 Q Q -- 18.0

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 394 286 286 350 5,843 3,544 3,608 4,348 8.3

 Furnaces ....................................... 1,676 1,442 1,121 1,511 14,923 11,429 9,871 12,420 6.9

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 1,188 955 711 1,018 16,809 11,642 10,422 12,996 8.0

 District Heat .................................. 115 65 61 81 5,911 2,890 2,684 3,456 15.5

 Boilers ........................................... 610 433 333 484 16,754 11,213 10,137 12,354 7.1

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 1,031 818 807 904 16,893 11,739 11,643 13,279 6.2

 Other ............................................. 161 122 92 150 6,249 4,135 3,906 4,444 16.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Reduction in Equipment Use During Off Hours, Number of Buildings

 and Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

All

Buildings

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating Cooling Lighting Heating Cooling Lighting

1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................... 878 708 720 790 9,238 6,403 6,598 7,189 7.2

 Heat Pumps .................................. 457 330 330 392 6,931 4,277 4,372 5,115 7.9

 Individual Air Conditioners ............ 862 648 690 726 12,494 7,812 8,204 8,828 7.1

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 38 38 41 2,521 1,454 1,482 1,595 21.3

 Central Chillers ............................. 109 66 68 79 11,065 6,226 6,477 7,092 9.5

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ............................................. 1,431 1,122 1,152 1,244 26,628 18,360 18,870 20,799 5.6

 Swamp Coolers ............................ 186 153 154 165 2,451 1,569 1,599 1,706 20.9

 Other ............................................. 18 13 13 12 949 612 602 601 19.6

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

 Incandescent ................................ 2,479 1,886 1,674 2,160 35,715 23,405 22,292 27,345 4.5

 Standard Fluorescent ................... 3,885 2,987 2,546 3,464 53,984 37,086 34,745 43,074 4.0

 Compact Fluorescent .................... 364 253 248 289 14,273 8,648 8,639 9,705 9.2

 High-Intensity Discharge ............... 393 290 254 337 16,259 10,305 9,685 11,851 8.3

 Halogen ........................................ 302 226 217 244 9,665 6,062 6,133 6,767 10.0

 Other ............................................. 30 Q Q Q 554 Q Q Q 46.2

Energy Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Any Conservation Features .......... 4,075 3,068 2,613 3,502 55,288 37,396 34,804 43,066 4.0

 Building Shell ................................ 3,906 2,949 2,536 3,342 53,190 36,006 33,692 41,174 4.1

 HVAC ............................................ 2,529 1,978 1,736 2,186 44,657 30,509 28,838 34,326 4.8

 Lighting ......................................... 2,084 1,590 1,351 1,855 38,537 25,770 24,224 29,856 4.8

Off-Hour Equipment

Reduction (more than one

may apply)

 Heating ......................................... 3,211 3,211 2,597 3,168 38,326 38,326 33,968 37,919 4.3

 Cooling .......................................... 2,707 2,597 2,707 2,681 35,605 33,968 35,605 35,259 4.2

 Lighting ......................................... 3,753 3,168 2,681 3,753 44,937 37,919 35,259 44,937 4.2

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

-- = Data not applicable.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for

explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey.