Centralized 

System

Distributed 

System

Combination 

Centralized 

and 

Distributed 

Systems

Centralized 

System

Distributed 

System

Combination 

Centralized 

and 

Distributed 

Systems

All Buildings .......................................... 4,657 3,239 2,472 566 200 67,338 56,115 35,579 10,899 9,637

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ......................................... 2,348 1,456 1,175 244 Q 6,774 4,280 3,411 767 Q

5,001 to 10,000 ....................................... 1,110 778 606 141 31 8,238 5,748 4,479 1,014 255

10,001 to 25,000 ..................................... 708 574 416 103 55 11,153 9,000 6,505 1,679 816

25,001 to 50,000 ..................................... 257 222 151 37 34 9,311 8,088 5,464 1,373 1,250

50,001 to 100,000 ................................... 145 127 79 23 25 10,112 8,887 5,534 1,615 1,739

100,001 to 200,000 ................................. 59 54 31 12 10 8,271 7,527 4,317 1,703 1,507

200,001 to 500,000 ................................. 23 21 12 4 5 6,851 6,258 3,365 1,179 1,714

Over 500,000 ........................................... 7 7 3 2 2 6,628 6,327 2,504 1,569 2,255

Principal Building Activity

Education ................................................ 327 240 141 55 45 8,651 8,059 5,049 1,088 1,922

Food Sales .............................................. 174 163 139 Q Q 994 951 635 Q Q

Food Service ........................................... 349 349 305 Q Q 1,851 1,846 1,548 Q Q

Health Care ............................................. 127 126 103 Q 6 2,918 2,903 1,755 363 785

 Inpatient ................................................. 11 11 8 Q 3 1,865 1,862 961 Q 690

 Outpatient .............................................. 116 115 95 Q Q 1,053 1,040 794 Q Q

Lodging .................................................... 153 149 124 Q 9 4,521 4,442 3,589 Q 552

Mercantile ................................................ 667 439 326 98 15 10,398 8,698 4,306 3,088 1,303

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ........................ 534 323 260 60 Q 4,766 3,453 2,479 881 Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ....................... 133 116 66 38 12 5,631 5,244 1,828 2,207 1,209

Office ....................................................... 739 615 426 156 33 12,044 10,872 6,184 2,186 2,502

Public Assembly ...................................... 305 249 191 45 13 4,393 3,893 2,722 655 516

Public Order and Safety .......................... 72 41 35 Q Q 1,168 830 605 Q Q

Religious Worship ................................... 307 252 222 16 14 3,405 3,109 2,495 266 347

Service .................................................... 478 280 226 51 Q 3,388 2,351 1,742 429 Q

Warehouse and Storage ......................... 603 227 140 79 8 10,477 6,743 3,914 2,070 759

Other ....................................................... 102 64 53 Q 3 1,222 983 674 Q 171

Vacant ..................................................... 253 44 43 Q Q 1,908 436 361 Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ......................................... 419 277 254 12 11 4,034 3,130 2,524 242 364

1920 to 1945 ........................................... 499 311 238 52 21 6,445 4,644 2,935 819 889

1946 to 1959 ........................................... 763 493 385 83 25 9,127 7,154 4,824 1,208 1,122

1960 to 1969 ........................................... 665 493 383 76 33 10,866 9,421 6,525 1,540 1,356

1970 to 1979 ........................................... 774 592 450 118 24 11,840 10,182 6,384 2,040 1,757

1980 to 1989 ........................................... 846 623 440 130 54 13,931 12,137 6,822 2,924 2,390

1990 to 1999 ........................................... 690 450 323 95 33 11,094 9,446 5,564 2,125 1,758

Census Region

Northeast ................................................. 686 515 411 78 26 12,360 10,577 6,941 1,823 1,813

Midwest ................................................... 1,188 776 609 117 50 16,761 13,702 9,037 2,328 2,336

South ....................................................... 1,762 1,179 874 218 87 23,485 19,014 11,500 4,120 3,395

West ........................................................ 1,021 769 578 153 38 14,731 12,822 8,102 2,628 2,093

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ........................................... 2,376 1,312 1,124 149 39 14,321 8,401 7,108 866 427

5 to 9 ....................................................... 807 643 475 146 22 6,325 5,145 3,739 1,105 301

10 to 19 ................................................... 683 586 413 143 30 8,028 7,000 5,204 1,403 393

20 to 49 ................................................... 487 417 295 68 54 10,814 9,445 6,000 1,921 1,524

50 to 99 ................................................... 174 159 88 40 31 8,898 8,166 4,468 1,935 1,763

100 to 249 ............................................... 90 85 57 14 14 8,356 7,760 4,140 1,685 1,935

250 or More ............................................. 39 36 20 6 10 10,595 10,199 4,920 1,984 3,294

Table B37. Water Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Type of Water Heating

Equipment

Type of Water Heating

Equipment

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with Water 

Heating

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with Water 

Heating

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 116
Centralized 

System

Distributed 

System

Combination 

Centralized 

and 

Distributed 

Systems

Centralized 

System

Distributed 

System

Combination 

Centralized 

and 

Distributed 

Systems

Table B37. Water Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1999

Type of Water Heating

Equipment

Type of Water Heating

Equipment

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with Water 

Heating

All

Buildings

All 

Buildings 

with Water 

Heating

Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ............................................. 978 427 362 47 18 6,596 3,340 2,748 336 255

40 to 48 ................................................... 1,156 779 577 175 27 13,105 10,049 7,001 1,931 1,117

49 to 60 ................................................... 986 746 553 149 44 14,200 12,280 7,321 3,039 1,921

61 to 84 ................................................... 664 521 386 102 34 12,458 11,334 6,440 2,493 2,401

85 to 167 ................................................. 474 436 336 55 45 9,116 8,041 4,985 1,535 1,521

Open Continuously .................................. 398 330 259 38 33 11,863 11,070 7,084 1,564 2,422

Multibuilding Facility Activity

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility .................................................... 3,295 2,361 1,909 335 117 41,289 34,705 22,835 6,269 5,601

College or University ............................... 70 65 44 16 5 2,605 2,326 1,700 253 373

Primary or Secondary School .................. 224 122 73 22 28 3,388 2,862 1,705 429 728

Office Complex ........................................ 134 106 47 51 7 3,353 3,035 1,304 948 783

Retail Complex ........................................ 181 141 81 57 3 3,555 3,108 1,491 1,310 307

Religious Campus or Complex ................ 186 128 96 Q Q 1,907 1,656 1,286 Q Q

Health Care Complex .............................. 72 52 35 Q Q 2,339 2,185 1,171 Q 709

Government Complex ............................. 61 42 27 Q Q 1,513 1,177 783 Q Q

Other ....................................................... 434 222 161 43 17 7,389 5,061 3,305 1,080 676

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ................................................. 4,395 3,239 2,472 566 200 65,716 56,115 35,579 10,899 9,637

Natural Gas ............................................. 2,670 2,191 1,706 342 143 45,525 41,366 26,479 7,585 7,302

Fuel Oil .................................................... 434 288 228 37 23 13,285 11,852 6,533 1,870 3,448

District Heat ............................................. 117 101 84 7 11 5,891 5,301 3,464 695 1,142

District Chilled Water .............................. 50 37 29 3 6 2,750 2,455 1,556 254 644

Propane ................................................... 451 334 247 50 36 6,290 5,409 3,504 958 947

Other ....................................................... 153 89 71 14 5 2,322 1,887 1,184 352 351

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ................................................. 1,546 1,546 1,048 399 99 24,171 24,171 12,585 7,068 4,519

Natural Gas ............................................. 1,520 1,520 1,244 173 103 29,196 29,196 19,755 4,032 5,409

Fuel Oil .................................................... 110 110 88 Q Q 2,218 2,218 1,534 Q 498

District Heat ............................................. 62 62 52 5 5 4,182 4,182 2,715 566 901

Propane ................................................... 130 130 104 Q Q 1,371 1,371 1,020 Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating .................. 4,016 3,087 2,344 548 195 61,602 54,204 34,201 10,502 9,500

Buildings with Cooling ............................. 3,560 2,915 2,195 525 194 58,474 52,589 32,972 10,261 9,356

Buildings with Water Heating .................. 3,239 3,239 2,472 566 200 56,115 56,115 35,579 10,899 9,637

Buildings with Cooking ............................ 857 818 608 98 112 24,681 23,830 13,553 4,346 5,932

Buildings with Manufacturing ................... 151 89 64 20 5 3,126 2,364 1,385 601 378

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .............................................. 172 143 103 Q 18 11,882 11,079 5,974 1,828 3,277

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation ................ 767 733 542 91 99 23,328 22,563 12,730 4,141 5,692

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ............................ 698 698 522 81 94 21,793 21,793 13,070 3,452 5,271

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 117