p. 1


# OAR Box 1147 Prepped by Ollie Stewart



## Document

Number: 

# 154 ) IV-E-2

7 Docket Number: 

# A-87-1 1

Printed 4/22/2008 2:42:55 PM

Sheet 154 of 242P. 2

UNITE D STATE S ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO N AGENC Y AN N ARBOR . MICHIGA N 4810 5
OFFIC E O F AI R AN D RADIATIO N 

## FE B 

## 2 5 

## 198 8
MEMORANDU M SUBJECT : EPA/Exxo n Meetin g Regardin g Onboar d Control s FROM : Glen n W . Passavant , Senio r Projec t Manage r /Wt*~ -^i*******" ^ Standard s Developmen t and Suppor t Branc h TO : Publi c Docket s A-87-1 1 an d A-85-2 1 THRU : Cheste r J . France , Chie f

Standard s Developmen t and i O n Januar y25 , 198 8 representative s o f Exxo n Researc h and Engineerin g Compan yme t wit h representative s o f EPA' s Offic e o f Mobil e Source s a t th e Moto r Vehicl e Emissio n Laborator yi n An n Arbor , Michiga n t o discus s recen t researc h Exxo n ha s don e t o develo p onboar d refuelin g emissio n controls . Representative s o f th e America n Petro.leu mInstitut e and th e Nationa l Highwa y Traffi c Safet yAdministratio n wer e als o present . Copie s o f th e handout s tha t wer e followe d a t th e meetin g and a lis t o f th e attendee s i s attached . Mos t o f th e materia l discusse d a t th e meetin g i s detaile d i n th e handouts , piece s o f informatio n shoul d b e added . However , severa l othe r First , durin g discussio n o f Exxon' s stud yo f servic e statio n storag e tank ven t emissions , Exxo n state d tha t a pressure/vacuu mrelie f valv e installe d a t th e end o f th e ven t pip e seeme d t o eliminat e mos t o f th e emissions . A1/ 2 o z vacuum/ 8 o z pressur e valv e suc h a s thos e no w commerciall y availabl e wa s discusse d a s a possibl e option . However , Exxo n fel t tha t the yneede d t o d o mor e wor k t o complet e thei r study . Second , wit h regar d t o th e onboar d hardwar e wor k conducte d b yExxon , i t shoul d b e note d tha t th e vehicl e di d no t us e a mechanica l sea l , o r J-seal , bu t a flowin g liqui d sea l wa s achieved , b>y..-t , 

### -h'e a 

### "inwar d ai r flo w durin g refuelin g and th e fac t tha t •'the, . • tank ha d a partiall ysubmerge d fillpip e durin g refueling . Th e refuelin g emission s wor k don e o n th e vehicl e use d 9. 0 RVP^fue l wit h dispense d an d tank temperature s o f 83°F .P. 3



### Third , durin

g th e discussio n o f th e informatio n o

n tan k pressure s an

d runnin

g losses , Exxo n provide d the following tan k temperatur e ris e dat a fo r th e tan k pressur e measurements : Tran s A M (31F°) , Coroll a (22F°) , Cressid a (16F°) , 198 5 LeBaro n (26F°) , 198 8 LeBaro n (29°F) , Accor d (13F 0 

### ) , Civi c (14F°) , LeSabr e (18F°) , Spectru m(18F° ) an

d Chrysle r 60 0 (22F°) . Dat a wa s no t availabl e fo r th e othe r vehicles . Finally , in additio n t o the materia l containe d in th e handouts , AP I describe d som e additiona l contrac t work the ynow ha d underwa

yregardin

g vapo r flammabilit yan d a Failur e Mode s an d Effect s Analysi s fo r onboard equippe d vehicles . They.als o describe d som

e preliminaryresults . AP I planne d t o submi t informatio n on bot h o f thes e area s a s par t o f thei r forma l comments . Finally , in respons e t o questions , EP Ashare d wit h Exxo n an d AP I ou

r view o f NHTSA' s concern s regarding onboard vapo r recover ysystems . Th e NHTS Arepresentativ e concurre d tha t in genera l our understanding o f NHTSA' s concern s wa s correct . Attachmen tP. 4



### EPA/APl-Exxon/NHTS AMeeting Onboar d Vapo r RecoverySystem s January25 , 198 8 R.J . Campio n Exxo n USA Hug h Shanno n Exxo n USA Ed Crocket t AP I Georg e Musse r Exxo n USA J.J . Li u NHTSA Charle s Gra

yEP A Che t Franc e EP A Joh n Anderso n EP A Glen n Passavan t EP A Pete r Hutchin s EP A Pau l Laing EP A Kath ySteile n EP A Jean Schwendema n EP AP. 5



## RATE O F AI R I N V

S GASOLIN E SOL D

K D O r tt tti CL a. IA Z o 40 0 —

30 0 -

20 0 -

10 0 -

10 0 - o

-

! " 1 '

" UNOE N

Q 

## rf> ^ ^ ^ °c P

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.. . . T. . a

i —iTM M 10 0 20 0 30 0 40 0

GALLON S FUE L PE R HOU R U N DE N DAT

A REGRESSIO NP. 6

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20 0 -

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## RAT E O F AI R I N V S GASOLIN E SOL D WASH
. D.C
.

-10 0 30 0 GALLON S FUE L PE R HOU R D WASH . D.C
. DAT A REGRESSIO N 40 0P. 7



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0. 

### o r U J C L
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IA Z 0

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## i o 30 0 -

20 0 -

10 0 - WASH . D.C . WITH ONBOAR D VEHICLE S



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## """"* ^

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i 10 0 D WASH . D.C . DAT A 20 0 GALLON S FUE L PE R HOU R 30 0 REGRESSIO N 40 0P. 8

29 . 50 . 09 8 03 4 58 . 1 8 112 . 162 . 169 . 173 . 184 . 193 . 198 . mil. .*-:. 8 . 242 . 3 3 0 - 74 5 99 4 54 2 61 5 69 3 80 4 10 4 10 3 55 4 24 3 22 5 LINDE NSERVIC E STATIO N GP H FUE L GP H AI R GP H AI R CAL C AI R

-37.09 1 -37.090 9 -77.512 9 Regressio n Output : -72.97 6 -72.975 6 -57.589 9 Constan t -105.20 3 0 0 -49.838 0 St d Er r o f V Es t 69.1711 6 0 0 2.08672 0 R Square d 0.63017 7 71.80 8 71.80 8 49.9043 7 No . o f Observation s 1 5 74.13 2 74.1818 1 56.1355 4 Degree s o f Freedo m1 3 82.34 9 82.3486 2 60.0114 6 36.48 8 36.4873 0 70.5534 4 X Coefficient(s ) 0.95161 4 3 3 3 3 79. 22359 St d Er r o f Coef . 0.20218 7 39.02 6 39.0260 3 83.3155 3 42.74 3 42.7423 5 111.863 0 .123.22 9 .1.23.228 5 125.614 7 41.55 6 41.5555 5 126.039 2 400.71 4 400.714 2 209.043 7 335.33 1 - 163. 2 163. 2 214.378 4 194.16 1 - 70.12 5 70.12 5 77.7009 6 WAS H D C WITHOU T ONBOAR D 190.03 4 75.42 9 75.4285 7 75.7912 4 98.08 7 39.02 6 39.0260 8 33.2474 4 Regressio n Output : 45.32 2 . 0 0 3.83319 6 Constan t -12.137 3 4.42 6 0 O -10.089 4 St d Er r o f Y Es t 29.2126 0 23. 9 0 0 1.23457 6 R Square d 0.72196 3 205.99 1 33.24 4 33.2444 4 83.1747 9 No . o f Observation s 1 8 292.68 6 179.5 2 179.5 2 123.283 6 Degree s o f Freedo m1 6 243.24 4 36.4S S 36.4878 0 100.411 6 201.77 9 76.71 3 76.7179 4 81.2260 7 X Coefficien t !s ) 0.46270 0 206.22 4 75.42 9 75.4285 7 83.2823 3 St d Er r o f Coef . 0.07178 5 239.64 9 1.52.13 6 152.135 5 93.7434 0 276.77 8 107.71 2 107.71 2 115.927 7 12 0 38.6 9 38.6896 5 43.3866 3 138.60 5 75.42 9 75.4285 7 51.9952 0 WAS H WIT H ONBOAR D 2 1 0 0 -2.4207 6 9.50 8 0 0 -7.7373 9 Regressio n Output : 30.43 2 0 0 . 1.94343 4 Constan t -32.743 4 St d Er r o f V

Es t 28.4024 4 204.91 2 107.71 2 107.71 2 96.7418 0 R Square d 0.70636 6 300.43 5 144.77 4 144.774 1 157.103 7 No . o f Observation s 4 338.58 9 207.77 8 207.777 7 181.213 1 Degree s o f Freedo m2 299.07 2 131.03 6 131.036 4 156.241 8 0 -32.74
- X Coe f f i c i en t (s ) 0.63190 6 St d Er r o f Coef . 0.28803 3P. 9

DAT E 03DEC8 7 033ECB7 : 03DEC87 : 03DEC87 : 03DEC87 : 03DEC87 : 03DEC87 : 03DEC87 : 03DEC87 : 04DEC87 : 04DEC87 : 04DEC87 : 04DEC87 : 04DEC87 : 04DEC97 : 04DEC87 : 04DEC87 : 0BDEC87 : 08DEC87 : 08DEC87 : 08DEC87 : 09DEC87 : 09DEC87 : 09DEC87 : 09DEC87 : 09DEC87 : 09DEC87 : 09DEC87 : 09DEC87 : 09DEC87 : 09DEC97 : 09DEC87 : 09DEC37 : 10DECB7 : 10DEC87 : 10DEC87 : 11DEC87 : 11DEC87 : 11DEC87 : 11DEC97 : 110EC97 : TIME LD C

10:0 9 11:5 7 LINDE N 13:4 2 LINDEN 15:5 8 LINDE N 17:0 6 LINDE N 18:0 2 LINDE N 19:5 2 LINDE N 21:5 7 LINDE N 23:5 7 LINDE N 01:5 7 LINDE N 04:0 0 LINDE N 06:0 1 LINDE N 07:5 0 LINDE N 09:5 3 LINDE N 11:5 4 LINDE N 13:4 9 LINDE N 14:5 9 LINDE N 17:5 5 UASHD C 20:0 3 UASHD C 22:0 2 UASHD C 23:5 7 UASHD C 01:5 8 UASHD C 04:0 0 UASHD C 06:0 0 UASHD C 08:1 5 UASHD C 09:5 5 UASHD C 11:5 8 UASHD C 13:5 5 UASHD C 15:5 4 UASHD C 17:5 2 UASHD C 19:5 7 UASHD C 21:5 3 UASHD C 23:5 2 UASHD C 02:0 2 UASHD C 04:0 0 UASHD C 06:0 5 UASHD C 05:5 5 UASHO B 08:0 0 UASHO B 10:0 4 UASHO B 11:5 2 UASHO B 14:0 9 UASHO B VAPORI N

74. 8 74. 8 74. 8 0 299. 2 299. 2 149. 6 0 0 0 -74. 8 149. 6 74. 8 149. 6 74. 8 149. 6 0 149. 6 149. 6 74. 3 0 0 0 74. 8 299. 2 74. 8 149. 6 149. 6 224. 4 224. 4 74. 8 149. 6 0 0 74. 8 0 149. 6 299. 2 299. 2 224. 4 VAPOROU T VAPOR

0 0 0 0 -74. 8 0 0 0 • 0 149. 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

### o -74. 8 0 0 0 0 0 74. 8 0 -74. 8 0 -74. 8 -74. 3 74. 8

74. 8 74. 8 0 37 4 299. 2 149. 6 0 0 -149. 6 -74. 8 149. 6 74. 8 149. 6 74. 8 149. 6 0 149. 6 149. 6 74. 8 0 0 0 74. 8 299. 2

. 74. 8 149. 6 149. 6 299. 2 224. 4 74. 8 149. 6 0 0 0 0 224. 4 299. 2 37 4 299. 2 YAPORUITHDRO P

74. 8 74. 8 74. 8 972. 4 37 4 299. 2 149. 6 0 0 -149. 6 -74. 8 149. 6 74. 8 149. 6 74. 8 149. 6 0 149. 6 149. 6 74. 8 0 0 0 74. 8 299. 2 74. 8 149. 6 149. 6 299. 2 224. 4 74. 3 149. 6 0 0 0 

### o 224. 4 299. 2 37 4 299. 2 TOTVAP 0

74. 8 149. 6 224. 4 224. 4 598. 4 897. 6 1047. 2 1047. 2 1047. 2 897. 6 822. 8 972. 4 1047. 2 1196. 8 1271. 6 1421. 2 0 149. 6 299. 2 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 448. 8 .74 8 822. 8 972. 4 112 2 1421. 2 1645. 6 1720. 4 187 0 137 0 187 0 187 0 0 224. 4 523. 6 897. 6 1196. 8 T0TVAPU1THDR0 P RATEVAP 8HHC 1

0 74. 8 149. 6 224. 4 1196. 8 1570. 8 187 0 2019. 6 2019. 6 2019. 6 187 0 1795. 2 1944. 8 2019. 6 2169. 2 224 4 2393. 6 149. 6 299. 2 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 448. 8 74 8 S22. 8 972. 4 112 2 1421. 2 1645. 6 1720. 4 187 0 187 0 187 0 187 0 224. 4 523. 6 897. 6 1196. 3 41.55 6

42.74 3 3 3 0 400.71 4 163. 2 71.80 8 0 0 -72.97 6 -37.09 1 82.34 9 36.48 8 74.18 2 39.02 6 128.22 9
, 70.12 5 75.42 9 39.02 6 0 0 0 33.24 4 179.5 2 36.48 3 76.71 8 75.42 9 152.13 6 107.71 2 38.6 9 75.42 9 0 . 0 0
, 107.71 2 144.77 4 . 207.77 8 131.03 6 0

0 0 0

0 38.481 8 0 -0.692 6 -0.038 5P.1 0

DAT E TIN E LO C 03DEC8 7 10:0 9 03DEC8 7 03DEC8 7 03DEC8 7 03DEC8 7 03DEC8 7 03DEC8 7 03DEC8 7 03DEC8 7 04DEC8 7 04DEC8 7 04DEC8 7 04DEC8 7 04DEC8 7 04DEC8 7 04DEC8 7 04DEC8 7 0BDECB 7 08DEC3 7 0BDEC87 08DEC3 7 090EC8 7 09DEC8 7 09DEC8 7 09DEC8 7 09DEC8 7 09DEC8 7 09DEC37 . 09DEC3 7 09DEC37 : 09DEC87 : 09DEC87 : 09DEC87 : 10DEC87 : 10DEC37 : 10DEC87 : 11DEC87 : 11DEC87 : 11DEC87 : 11DEC87 : 11DEC87 : : 11:5 7 LINDE N

: 13:4 2 LINDE N : 15:5 3 LINDE N : 17:0 6 LINDE N : 18:0 2 LINDE N ' : 19:5 2 LINDE N : 21:5 7 LINDE N : 23:5 7 LINDE N

01:5 7 LINDE N : 04:0 0 LINDE N

06:0 1 LINDE N 07:5 0 LINDE N 09:5 3 LINDE N 11:5 4 LINDE N 13:4 9 LINDE N 14:5 9 LINDE N 17:5 5 UASHD

C 20:0 3 UASHD

C 22:0 2 UASHD

C 23:5 7 UASHD

C 01:5 8 UASHD

C 04:0 0 UASHD

C 06:0 0 UASHD

C 08:1 5 UASHD

C 09:5 5 UASHD

C 11:5 3 UASHD

C 13:5 5 UASHD

C i5:5 4 UASHD

C 17:5 2 UASHD

C 19:5 7 UASHD

C 21:5 3 UASHD

C 23:5 2 UASHD

C 02:0 2 UASHD

C 04:0 0 UASHD

C 06:0 5 UASHD

C 05:5 5 UASHOB 08:0 0 UASHOB 10:0 4 UASHOB 11:5 2 UASHOB 14:0 9 UASHOB DELTIM E 0 1. 8 1.7 5 2.2666 7 1.1333 3 0.9333 3 1.8333 3 TOTIH E 0

1. 8 3.5 5 5.8166 7 6.9 5 7.3833 3 9.7166 6 2.0833 3 11.7999 9 2 2 2.0 5 2.0166 7 1.8166 7 2.0 5 2.0166 7 13.7999 9

15.7999 9 17.8499 9 19.8666 6 21.6833 3 23.7333 3 25.7 5 1.9166 7 27.6666 7 1.1666 7 0 <L « 1 i- 3 0 0 1.9B33 3 1.9166 7 2.0166 7 1 r,7TT T

. . . IJm>m>Jm1 2.2 5 1.6666 7 2.0 5 1.9 5 1.9S33 3 1.9666 7 2.0833 3 1.9333 3 1.9833 3 28.8333 4

0 T 17777 . Am. 1 jJw" J 4.1166 6 6.0333 3 8.0 5 10.0833 3 12.0333 3 14.3333 3 1 6 18.0 5 2 0 21.9833 3 23.9 5 26.0333 3 27.9666 6 29.9499 9 2.1666 7 32.1166 6 1.9666 7 34.0833 3 2.0833 3 36.1666 6 0 2.0833 3 2.0666 7 1. 3 1 9077 7 mml fcC JO ^ 0 2.0833 3 4.1 5 5.9 5
• 3 T777 ? O l A-tJsi<J-> SALFUE L 0

437. 4 399.1 8 439.2 9 406.6 7 308.2 1 615.6 9 339.5 7 225.4 9 116.3 6 102.5 7 58.6 8 315. 4 373.6 2 341.9 1 379. 7 282.9 8 0 414.2 1 376. 9 18 8 91. 4 9 57. 8 463.4 8 487.8 1 498.6 5 393.4 7 409.0 1 471.3 1 576.6 2 23 2 274. 9 45. 5 18. 7 63. 4 0 426. 9 620. 9 609.4 6 682.3 8 TOTFUE L 0

437. 4 836.5 8 1275.3 7 1682.5 4 1990.7 5 2606.4 4 2946.0 1 3171. 5 3287.8 6 3390.4 3 3449.1 1 3764.5 1 4143.1 3 4485.0 4 4864.7 4 5147.7 2 

### o 414.2 1 791.1 1 979.1 1 1070.5 1 1079.5 1 1137.3 1 1600.7 9 2088. 6 2587.2 5 2980.7 2 3339.7 3 3B61.0 4 4437.6 6 4669.6 6 4944.5 6 4990.0 6 5008.7 6 5072.1 6 0 426. 9 1047. 8 1657.2 6 2340.1 4 RATEFUE L 24

3 228.10 3 193.80 4 358.82 6 330.22 5 335.83 1 162.99 4 112.74 5 58.1 8 50.03 4 29.09 8 173.61 5 184.69 3 169.54 2 198.10 4 242.55 4
, 194.16 1 190.03 4 98.08 7 45.32 2 4.42 6 28. 9 205.99 1 292.68 6 243.24 4 201.77 9 206.22 4 239.64 9 276.77 9 12 0 133.60 5 21 9.50 3 30.43 2
, 204.91 2 300.43 5 338.58 9 299.07 2

# SERVIC E STATION STORAG E TAN

KVEN T EMISSION S

PRODUCT S RESEARC H DIVISION EXXO N RESEARC H & ENGINEERINGCOMPAN Y JANUARY25 , 198 8

# OBJECTIV E
DETERMIN E EFFEC TO F ONBOAR D VEHICLE S O N STORAG E TAN KVEN T EMISSION S I N SERVIC E STATION S WIT H STAG E I I


# APPROAC H

•DETERMIN E STORAG E TAN KVEN TFLOW S BOT H I N AN D OU TWIT H LO W PRESSUR E DRO P DR YGA S METER S CONTINUOUSL YMONITO R TH E VEN TFLO WFO R H C BYNDI R

y t o

# EQUIPMEN T

• 2 AMERICA

N METE RCO./SINGE RCO . DR YGA S METER S MODE L AL-42 5 (42 5 CT H A T 0. 5 IN . H20 )
• SU N INFR A 2 MODE L 10 2 NDI RH C ANALYZE R
• 2 PIN

GPON GBAL L CHEC KVALVE S
SERVIC E STATION S

LINDEN RESEARC H SERVIC E STATION

- 1/ 4 IN . ORIFIC E IN

RAI N CAP O N 3 IN . VEN T PIP E

- P V VALVE 2 IN . (0. 5 O Z VAC. 8 O Z PRESSURE ) WASHINGTON , D.C .

- STAG E I I

- 2 IN . VEN T PIP E WITHOU T RAI N CA PP.1 4

Pin g Pon g



## FLO

W SCHEMATI CP.1 5

O

- I 0 in lllr-m z « 

# i l 3 

## GASOLIN E VOLUM E THROUGHPU T RESEARC H SERVIC E STATIO N 2ND TIM E

12 0

HOUR S MONITORE D GALLON S FUE L PUMPE DP.1 6

40 0 

## RAT E O F AI R I N V S GASOLIN E SOL D RESEARC H STATIO N WFT H ORIFIC E

30 0 - ( E D O r a. a 20 0

ta z 

## 2 i 10 0 D a

-10 0 ~I 10 0 I I 20 0 30 0 40 0 GALLON S FUE L PE R HOU R a WITH ORIFIC E DAT A REGRESSIO NP.1 7

a. D 

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### S 40 0

30 0 -

20 0 -

10 0 - 

## RATE O F AI R I N VS GASOLIN E SOL D RESEARC H STATIO N WITH P V VALVE

-10 0 20 0 30 0 40 0 GALLON S FUE L PER HOU R a wr m P V VALV E REGRESSIO NP.1 8 " T r



## STORAG E TAN KVEN T AI R INTAK E

RESEARC H SERVIC E STATIO N 2N D TIM E

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A T UNDE N Se

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L ) r^ z « 

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## STORAG E TAN KVEN T AI R INTAK E A T LINDE N & WASH . D.C .

• H H 1 -

n 2 0 —r ~ 3 0 4 0 UNDE N HOUR S MONITORE D + WASH . D.C . D.C . wON BP.2 1



## STORAG E TAN KVEN T AI R INTAK E W/ O DRO P

4- N- /

- J A T UNDE N ie

WASH . D.C
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# EXPLOSIVIT YO F LO W RV P GASOLINE S

PRODUCT S RESEARC H DIVISIO N EXXON RESEARC H & ENGINEERINGCOMPAN Y JANUARY25 , 198 8

## OBJECTIVE S

APPROAC H DETERMIN E WHETHE R TH E VAPO R SPAC E I N A VEHICLE' S GASOLIN E

TAN KI S WITHI N TH E FLAMMABILIT YLIMIT S WIT H LO WRV P GASOLINE S A TLO

WTEMPERATURE S

•MEASUR E H C CONCENTRATIO N I N A N ACTUA L VEHICL E GASOLIN E TAN K

•DETERMIN E COMPOSITIO N B YGC TO CALCUUT E FLAMMABILIT Y LIMIT S (A S BYCOWAR D 1952 )

T J h o • c o

# EXPERIMENTAL

198 7 CHEVROLE T SPECTRU M 1 0 GALLON S IN

1 4 GALLO

N TAN K 2 0 HOU RSOA KA T TEMPERATUR E SAMPL E VAPORI

N VAPORDOM E DILUT E T O FI D RANG E COLLEC T GC SAMPL E 3 FUEL S (6. 5 PS I RVP , 7. 5 PS I RVP , 8. 5 PS I RVP )

# LO W RVP FUEL S CA

N B E EXPLOSIV E

FUE L RVP . 6. 5 7. 5 8. 5 P$ I 5flfi

£ 20. 2 MOL E PERCEN T I N VAPO RSPAC E 4Q0 F 10. 2 (A S HEXANE ) 30O F 20O F 7. 7 6. 0 8. 5 6. 1 10. 5 IQO F

6. 6 QO F

4. 7 FLAMMABILIT Y

LIMIT S 1. 2 - 6. 2 1. 2 - 6. 2 1. 2 - 6. 2



# • VAPO RCONCENTRATION S WIL L B E FURTHE RWITHI N EXPLOSIV E LIMIT S I F

- TAN KI S LES S THA

N 2/ 3 FUL L

- FUE L I S WEATHERE D

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## CONCLUSION S

•BOT

H A 6. 5 PS I AN D A 7. 5 PS I RV P GASOLIN E WA

S A T TH E UPPE R FLAMMABILIT

Y LIMI TA

T 20O F

•A N 8. 5 PS I RV

P GASOLIN E WA

S A T TH E UPPE R FLAMMABILIT Y LIMI T A T 80 F

•POTENTIA L HAZARD FO R BOT H CAR S AN D DELIVER Y TRUCK S

r o

# ONBOAR D CONTRO L O F REFUELIN GEMISSION S INVESTIGATION

O F MINIMU

M HOS E SIZ E REQUIRE D

PRODUCT S RESEARC H DIVISION EXXON RESEARC H & ENGINEERINGCOMPAN Y JANUARY25 , 198 8

# APPROAC H

• STAR T WIT H PRODUCTION EVAPORATIVE CONTRO L SYSTE M
INCREAS E TANKVEN T T O ONBOAR D CANISTE RHOS E SIZ E UNTI L ACHIEV E SATISFACTOR YCONTRO L O F REFUELINGEMISSION S

N O SEA L APPROAC H

• CHEC KREGULATE D EMISSION S AN D CANISTE RPURG E

# PRINCIPA L ELEMENTS O F

ENHANCE D ON-BOAR D SYSTE M

Rollove rShutof f Overfill/Shutof f Entraine d Liqui d Separato r / 

# Purge d H C Vapor s T o Engin e

Standar d Fillpip e Wit h tent Reroute d t o Canniste r Enlarge d Charcoa l Canniste r

C O

## VEHICL E
198 7 BUIC K

LESABR E PF I 3.8 L 1 8 GALLO N TAN K SID E FIL L 1/2 " TAN KVEN TSEPARAT E

i oRESULT S (CONTINUED )

Ste p No . Caniste r Vent Hos e Siz e in . I D Other Average Fuel Rat e gp m Refuelin g Emission s Grams/Ga l % Contro l

ER E 3.5 L 3/8 " bur p
ER E 3.5 L 1/2 ' 

### 1 0 0.1 9 

### 96 % 1 0 ER

E 3.5 L 3/8 " Move d canister t o trun k 

### 9. 5 0.0 6 

### 99 %

1 1 ER

E 3.5 L 3/8 " 

### 9. 6 0.0 5 

### 99 % 1 2 ER

E 3.5 L 5/16 ' 

### 9. 5 0.0 4 

### 99 % 1 3 ER

E 3.5 L 1/4 " 

### 9. 3 0.0 6 

### 99 %

### PARAMETE R VARIE D

Standar dcaniste r (G

M 1£ )

Enlarge dcaniste r (ER E 3.5£ , standar dlocation )
Enlarge dcaniste r (ER E 3.5£ , trun k location ) RESULT S O F CANISTE RDESIG N STUDY

PERCEN T REFUELING EMISSION S CONTROLLE D

0 - 8 2

9 0 - 9 8 

## »n )
99

+ COMMENT S

• No refuelin g emission s controlle d wit hproductio nsyste m 4


### • Fue l flow

restrictio nexperience d wit hsmal l ven t hos e

- 30-60 % fil l rat e

- "burp-back " o f fue l

• Enlarge dven t hos e improve s refuelin g contro l diamete r

• Enlarge dven t hos e diamte r • improve s fil l an

demission s captur e

• Achieve dwit h2f t o f 1/ 4 inchhos e

## CONCLUSION S

•1/2 " HOS E FRO M TH E TAN K T O ONBOAR D CANISTE R I S SUFFICIEN TI F TH E ONBOAR D CANISTE R I S LOCATE D I N TH E ENGIN E COMPARTMEN T

•1/4 " HOS E FRO M TH E TAN KTO ONBOAR D CANISTE R I S SUFFICIEN TI F TH E ONBOAR D CANISTE R I S LOCATE D I N TH E TRUC K NOTE : TH E PRODUCTIO N TAN K VEN TI S 1/2 " FUTUR E WORK

•DETERMIN E REGULATE D EMISSION S WIT H CANISTE R I N TH E TRUN K

•DETERMIN E CANISTE R PURG E CHARACTERISTIC S

ic o J* *

## VEHICL E TAN KPRESSUR E AN D HO TSOA KRUNNIN G LOSSE S

PRODUCTS RESEARC H DIVISIO N EXXO N RESEARC H & ENGINEERIN G COMPANY JANUAR Y25 , 198 8

c o .mTl

# UNCONTROLLE D VEHICL E EMISSION S STUD Y

a UNCONTROLLE D EMISSION S COUL D B E GREATE RTHA N REGULATE D EVAPORA TIV E EMISSION S

- HO T SOA

KRUNNIN GLOSSE S DU E T O ENGINE , AMBIEN T TEMPERA TUR E

- GA S CAP "OFF-ON " LOSSE S DU E T O HIG H TANKPRESSURE S
• REAL WORL D CONDITION S SIMULATE D IN SHE D STUD Y

- STABILIZE D VEHICL E TAN KTEMPERATURE S AN D PRESSURE S A T 55-6 0 MP H

- EMISSION S DETERMINE D USIN GSTANDAR D SHE D MEASUREMEN T PROCEDURE S a LIMITE D NUMBE R(12 ) O F DOMESTI C AND IMPOR T VEHICLE S SURVEYE D

# OBJECTIV E

a DETERMIN E FUE L TAN KPRESSURE S WIT H 9 RV

P FUE L A T TH E AST M CUS S C DESIGN

90 % TEMPERATUR E APPROAC H MEASUR E FUE L TANKTEMPERATURE S AND PRESSURE S UNDE RREAL

WORL D ROA

D CONDITION S

# EXPERIMENTAL

DETERMIN E STABILIZE D FUE L TAN KTEMPERATURE S AN D PRESSURE S ON-THE-ROAD A T A

CONSTAN T 55-6 0 MP H
a MATC H FUE L TANKTEMPERATUR E INCREAS E I N TH E SEMI-AERODYNAMI C CONTROLLE D TEMPERATUR E ROO M (CTR )

a US E IN-TAN

KTHERMOCOUPL E WHENEVE RPOSSIBL E
a US E 80 " H2 0 ( 3 PSI ) MAGNEHELI C GAUG E (DWYERINST . CO )

a DETERMIN E HO T SOA

KRUNNIN GLOSSE S I N

SHE D AFTE R TEMPERATURE/PRESSUR E STABILIZATION
a DETERMIN E GA S CAP OFF-ON H C LOSSE S I N

SHE D

c o JO O

# RESULT S O F UNCONTROLLE D EMISSION S STUD Y

MAN YVEHICLE S OPERAT E WIT H PRESSURIZE D FUE L TANK S

- LIKEL YDU E T O ORIFIC E RESTRICTION I N CURREN T EC S UNCONTROLLE D VEHICLE S EMISSION S DU E T O DESIGN

- INADEQUAT E CANISTE RCAPACITY/PURG E

- PRESSURIZE D FUE L TANK UNCONTROLLE D EMISSION S AR E SIGNIFICAN T HYDROCARBON SOURC E

- HO T SOA

KRUNNINGLOSSE S VAR

YFRO M 4 T O 3 5 G

M

- GA S CAP "OFF-ON " LOSSE S VAR YFRO M 0. 5 T O 1. 7 GM/GAL

- RANG E COUL D B E GREATE RTHA N REGUUTE D EVAPORATIVE EMISSION S

### VEHICL E

198 6 PONTIAC TRAN S A

M

198 6 TOYOT A

COROLLA

198 6 TOYOT A

CRESSID A WAGO N RESULT S

VEHICL E TAN

KPRESSURE S

AMBIEN T TEMPERATURE(2 )



## O F 6 4 9 7 6 7 9 6 -6 4 97 TAN KPRESSURES(l ) AVERAG E 

## PS I 0. 5 0. 8 0. 4 0. 4 0. 5 0. 5 RANG E



## PS I 0.4-0. 5 0.6-0. 9 0.4-0. 4 0.3-0. 5 0.4-0. 7 0.4-0. 6 198 5 CHRYSLE RLEBARO

N TURB O 

## 9 6 1. 0 0.8-1. 3 198 8 CHRYSLE RLEBARO

N TURB O 6 1 9 5 0. 1 0. 5 (1 ) 1 4 PS I RVP FUE L USE D FORAMBIEN T TEMPERATUR E UNDE R75° F 9 PS I RVP FUE L USE D FO RAMBIEN T TEMPERATUR E UNDE R90<> F (2 ) 970 F I S ASTM

CLAS S C DESIGN

90 % TEMPERATUR E

## VEHICL E

198 6 HOND

A ACCOR D
198 5 HOND

A CIVI C

198 7 BUIC

KLESABR

E

198 7 CHEVROLE T SPECTRU M
198 7 FOR

D F-15 0
198 6 CHRYSLE

R 60 0
198 6 FOR

D TAURU S 

### RESULT S (CONTINUED ) VEHICL E TAN

KPRESSURE S

AMBIEN T TEMPERATURE(2 )

OF TAN KPRESSURESd ) AVERAG E RANG E PS I PS I
9 7
5 6 9 7
7 4 9 6
6 4
9 6
6 6
5 5 0. 9
0. 7 0. 8
0. 1 0. 1
0
0. 1
0. 1
0 0.9-0. 9

0.6-0. 9
0-0. 1

### HO T SOA K

VEHICL E

PONTIAC TRAN S A

M TOYOT A COROLL A TOYOT A CRESSIDA 198 5 CHRYSLE RLEBARON

TURB O 198 8 CHRYSLE RLEBARON

TURB O HOND A CIVI C HOND A ACCOR D DODG E 60 0 HYDROCARBON

AMBIEN T TEMPERATUR E 

## O F 9 6 98 97 9 6 9 5 97 9 8 9 6 LOSSE S

GA S CA P OFF-O N 

## GM S
NO T TESTE D NO T TESTE D 

## 49 + 1 7
NO T TESTE D 

## 8 5
NO T TESTE D HO T SOA K 

## GM S 3 5 4 1 0 17-7 7 

## 9 0. 8 0. 2 1 9

# CONCLUSION S

a POTENTIA L SAFET YISSUE S AR E EFFECTIVEL YADDRESSE D WIT H ENHANCE D EVAPORATIV E SYSTE M

- OPTIMIZE D SYSTE M

FO RLO W PRESSUR E OPERATION

- MINIMAL VAPOR/LIQUI D LOS S INT O HO T ENGIN E COMPARTMEN T O R A T SERVIC E STATION S
a CURREN T UNCONTROLLE D VEHICL E EMISSION S CA N B E CONTROLLE D USING ENHANCE D EVAPORATIVE SYSTE M

- REFUELINGEMISSION S

- RUNNIN

GLOSSE S

- GA S CAP "OFF-ON " LOSSE S

_:C O

## APPENDI X

## PURG E

OPENIN G

SCREE N SCREE N OPENIN G OPENING

SCREE N
INLE T OUTLE TK C VIE * C C FO R MMJ . HEICN T

S/8 - HOL E VALV E I N CLOSE D POSITIO N

VN.V E I N OPEN POSITIO N PIVO TPOIN T

^



## -BXP*?,

•a t a c mimo.. N J . ffiex

M S W W CANISTE R 

## =«a £ 2 P

UNLES S 0THCRN1S 6 SPECIFIE D

### Bas e ca r REGULATE D EMISSION S



## C O g/ m

2.02 9 2.10 7 

## H

C g/ m

0.27 1 0.29 1 

## NO

x 9/ m

0.27 0 0.28 4 Diurna l



## 9/ T

0.2 4 0.9 2 Ho t Soa k



## g/ T

0.2 7 0.2 2 Tota l Eva D



## g/ T

0.5 1 0.6 4

G M Caniste r 1.51 7 0.23 4 0.31 9 0.4 8 0.1 9 0.6 7 1/2 " hos e

ER E 3.5 L Caniste r 1.81 4 0.25 2 0.27 3 0.1 0 0.1 6 0.2 6 5/8 " hos eI F P.4 8

Z I S

a. < IA Z o ! 90 0 -9 - 80 0 H 70 0 H 60 0 -\ 60 0 -\ 40 0 -\ 30 0 H 20 0 -\ 10 0 H 

## STORAG E TAN KVEN T AI R INTAK E RESEARC H SERVIC E STATIO N 2N 0 TIM E

BOO - 

# T

-i—i—i—i— t -

i 1 1 1 1 h

I 1 0 Q WIT

H ORIFIC E 2 0 

## -r 20 4 0 HOUR S MONITORE D

+ WITH P

V VALV E 5 0P.4 9

tn c o tn tn

C D a> cc o o o at a c m es j a

* C M 0 0 * «

o c n SO a*. t*m Os a*.

C O C M

19 o ^m tn E ra %- C 9 V O 0 0

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••- > in 0)onlowevery0.6ga

«+ - S*-shuto Cmi3withb SO

.

c o r>»

0 0

. o L O

* • • o C O

t n

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t-m) -. o

m o > <T >m0) > < 0 ) 4-> ra CC o > 3 

### e Q . o> i n

» c n C O C O

C O
C O L U OC 0) u • ^ <4 - • ^ J - o s 1^ . i n o

. o

- o 0 ) > o E t u s tn C U c • r - m~ Ui <_ > U i O l c -r— •4- > tn .rm X 0 ) a » c • ^ o > c tu c • r " s - 0 ) +- > VI -r— c f O u - M c c u e •<- > $ - ca Q L E o u a

> l/ » o

- C + J •r — X c u C O o L U + J 3 U ^ c r O

- U £ O r -tJrO 4- > • ^ -f — •»- > X O C U 3 - M T J JM ! -r - O C X S - « tU C L - M

• o = c u> * <0 r-t CS

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0 ) o r C O 4- > C J -r - U J 2 tu M C O 0 ) V I o 0 0 C O C M C M 0 0 i n 0 0

i n C M

a >
a > i n c o L O c o i n

c o c ca C J C 9 O C 3

0 J *- tS. O — I C M C O i n v o i"- .• 9



# CANISTE RDESIG

N PARAMETE RSTUD Y EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

- PRODUCTIO N

198 7 BUIC KLESABR E + EVAPORATIV E CONTRO L SYSTE M (ECS ) INCLUDES : SEPARAT E 1/2 " FUE L TANKVEN T 0.057 " ORIFIC E BETWEEN TANKAND CANISTE R

- PARAMETER S VARIE D + VEN T HOS E DIAMETER/LENGT H + CANISTE RSIZE/LOCATION

- PARAMETER S NO T CHANGE D + ELECTRONI C CONTRO L MODUL E + CANISTE RPURG E RATE S