Released: August 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

Table 10.11 Number of Establishments with Capability to Switch Coal to Alternative Energy Sources, 2018;

Level: National Data;Row: NAICS Codes;Column: Energy Sources;

Unit: Establishment Counts.

NAICS Total Not Electricity Natural Distillate Residual H

Code(a) Subsector and Industry Consumed(d) Switchable Switchable Receipts(e) Gas Fuel Oil Fuel Oil nat

Total United States

311 Food 27 9 21 0 8 3 0 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 11 D 6 0 D 3 0 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 4 D D 0 D 0 0 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 17 D 14 0 D 0 0 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food 0 0 0 00 0 0 

3115 Dairy Product 0 0 0 00 0 0 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 

3121 Beverages 3 0 3 00 0 0 

3122 Tobacco 0 0 0 00 0 0 

313 Textile Mills 10 9 Q 0 Q Q Q 

314 Textile Product Mills D 0 D 0 0 0 0 

315 Apparel Q 0 Q 00 0 0 

316 Leather and Allied Products 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

321 Wood Products Q 0 Q 0 0 0 0 

321113 Sawmills 0 0 0 00 0 0 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods Q 0 Q 0 0 0 0 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

3219 Other Wood Products Q 0 Q 0 0 0 0 

322 Paper 37 14 32 D 13 D D 

322110 Pulp Mills D 0 D 00 0 0 322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 23 D 21 D D 0 0 322122 Newsprint Mills 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

322130 Paperboard Mills 10 7 8 D 6 D D 

323 Printing and Related Support 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products D D 0 0 D 0 0 

324110 Petroleum Refineries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block D D 0 0 D 0 0 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

325 Chemicals 26 4 25 0 3 D D 

325110 Petrochemicals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325120 Industrial Gases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 3 D 3 0D 0 0 

325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals Q D Q 0 D 0 0 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins D 0 D 0 0 0 0 

325212 Synthetic Rubber D 0 D 0 0 0 0 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments D D 0 0 0 D D 

325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers D 0 D 0 0 0 0 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines D 0 D 0 0 0 0 

Coal(b) Alternative Energy Sources(c)
325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation D 0 D 0 0 0 0 

325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 139 35 119 0 32 D D 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 

327211 Flat Glass 0 0 0 00 0 0 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

327213 Glass Containers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

327310 Cements 82 28 68 0 27 D D 

327410 Lime 48 7 42 0 5 0 0 327420 Gypsum 0 0 0 00 0 0 

327993 Mineral Wool D 0 D 00 0 0 

331 Primary Metals 22 D 20 0 D 0 0 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 17 D 15 0 D 0 0 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel D 0 D 0 0 0 0 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

3315 Foundries D 0 D 00 0 0 

331511 Iron Foundries D 0 D 0 0 0 0 331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

332 Fabricated Metal Products Q 0 D 0 0 0 0 

333 Machinery Q 0 Q 00 0 0 334 Computer and Electronic Products 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

336 Transportation Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

336111 Automobiles 0 0 0 00 0 0 

336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

336411 Aircraft 0 0 0 00 0 0 

337 Furniture and Related Products D 3 3 0 0 0 0 

339 Miscellaneous Q Q 0 00 0 0 

Total 983 168 854 D 63 15 12 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) These counts include only those establishments that reported this activity in 2018. Establishments for which only a portion of the total consumed fuel was reported as switchable contribute to t

counts in both the Switchable and Not Switchable columns. Therefore, the sum of these establishment counts may be greater than the corresponding establishment count of the total number of esta

consuming the fuel.

(c) Alternative Energy Sources consist of those energy sources that could have been substituted for coal during 2018. The quantities are expressed in thousands of short tons, and therefore represe

coal that could have been displaced by the given alternative type of energy.

(d) Total Consumed represents those quantities (Total Inputs) of coal that were ascertained switchable or not switchable, plus an additional quantity for which the switching status was not ascertai

(e) Electricity Receipts represents those quantities of electricity generated off the manufacturing establishment site and available at the site for consumption. It includes those quantities for which 

quantities transferred in, quantities purchased and paid for by a central purchasing entity, and quantities for which payment was made in kind. It does not include electricity generated onsite. Electric

been adjusted to account for any quantities that might have been resold or transferred out. The estimates include those quantities that were ascertained switchable or not switchable, plus an additio

which the switching status was not ascertained.

(f) Other includes all other types of energy not already identified that respondents indicated could have been consumed in place of coal.

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

NA=Not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20‐260)
Released: August 2021

Next MECS will be fielded in 2023.

RSE Table 10.11 Relative Standard Errors for Table 10.11;

Unit: Percents.

NAICS Total Not Electricity Natural Distillate Residual HGL (excludi

Code(a) Subsector and Industry Consumed(d) Switchable Switchable Receipts(e) Gas Fuel Oil Fuel Oil natural gasolin

Total United States

311 Food 0.3 0.7 0.1 X 0.8 8.5 X 

3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 1.0 D 0.4 X D 8.5 X 

311221 Wet Corn Milling 0.0 D D X D X X 

31131 Sugar Manufacturing 0.0 D 0.0 X D X X 

3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food X X X XX X X 

3115 Dairy Product X X X XX X X 

3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing X X X XX X X 

312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 

3121 Beverages 0.0 X 0.0 X X X X 3122 Tobacco X X X XX X X 

313 Textile Mills 42.4 47.7 50.4 X 52.7 58.0 58.0 314 Textile Product Mills D X D XX X X 

315 Apparel 96.7 X 96.7 X X X X 316 Leather and Allied Products X X X XX X X 

321 Wood Products 53.8 X 53.8 X X X X 

321113 Sawmills X X X XX X X 

3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Woods 80.8 X 80.8 X X X X 

321219 Reconstituted Wood Products X X X XX X X 

3219 Other Wood Products 70.6 X 70.6 X X X X 

322 Paper 0.0 0.0 0.0 D 0.0 D D 

322110 Pulp Mills D X D XX X X 

322121 Paper Mills, except Newsprint 0.0 D 0.0 D D X X 

322122 Newsprint Mills X X X XX X X 

322130 Paperboard Mills 0.0 0.0 0.0 D 0.0 D D 

323 Printing and Related Support X X X XX X X 

324 Petroleum and Coal Products D D X XD X X 

324110 Petroleum Refineries X X X XX X X 

324121 Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block D D X XD X X 

324122 Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials X X X XX X X 

324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Products X X X XX X X 324199 Other Petroleum and Coal Products X X X XX X X 

325 Chemicals 12.7 0.0 14.6 X 0.0 D D 

325110 Petrochemicals X X X X X X X 

325120 Industrial Gases X X X XX X X 

325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemicals 9.4 X 9.4 X X X X 

325193 Ethyl Alcohol 4.1 D 4.1 X D X X 325194 Cyclic Crudes, Intermediate and Gum and Wood Chemicals X X X XX X X 

325199 Other Basic Organic Chemicals 53.2 D 53.2 X D X X 

325211 Plastics Materials and Resins D X D XX X X 

325212 Synthetic Rubber D X D XX X X 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments D D X XX D D 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizers X X X XX X X 

325312 Phosphatic Fertilizers D X D XX X X 

3254 Pharmaceuticals and Medicines D X D XX X X 

325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation D X D X X X X 325992 Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemicals X X X XX X X 

326 Plastics and Rubber Products X X X XX X X 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 6.9 10.3 6.6 X 11.0 D D 

327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories 8.6 X 8.6 X X X X 

Coal(b) Alternative Energy Sources(c)
327211 Flat Glass X X X XX X X 

327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware X X X XX X X 

327213 Glass Containers X X X XX X X 327215 Glass Products from Purchased Glass X X X XX X X 327310 Cements 15.8 15.4 15.9 X 15.4 D D 

327410 Lime 0.0 0.0 0.0 X 0.0 X X 327420 Gypsum X X X XX X X 

327993 Mineral Wool D X D X X X X 

331 Primary Metals 4.3 D 4.5 X D X X 

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloys 0.0 D 0.0 X D X X 

3312 Steel Products from Purchased Steel D X D X X X X 

3313 Alumina and Aluminum X X X XX X X 

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum X X X XX X X 331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate and Foils X X X XX X X 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing and Extruding X X X XX X X 

3314 Nonferrous Metals, except Aluminum X X X XX X X 

331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining X X X XX X X 

3315 Foundries D X D XX X X 

331511 Iron Foundries D X D XX X X 

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die‐Casting Foundries X X X XX X X 

331524 Aluminum Foundries, except Die‐Casting X X X XX X X 

332 Fabricated Metal Products 70.2 X D X X X X 

333 Machinery 98.9 X 98.9 X X X X 

334 Computer and Electronic Products X X X XX X X 

334413 Semiconductors and Related Devices X X X XX X X 

335 Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components X X X XX X X 336 Transportation Equipment X X X XX X X 

336111 Automobiles X X X XX X X 336112 Light Trucks and Utility Vehicles X X X XX X X 

3364 Aerospace Product and Parts X X X XX X X 

336411 Aircraft X X X XX X X 

337 Furniture and Related Products D 0.0 0.0 X X X X 

339 Miscellaneous 98.8 98.8 X X X X X 

Total 4.8 5.5 5.0 D 5.9 6.8 7.6 

(a) The Bureau of the Census classifies establishments using the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

(b) These counts include only those establishments that reported this activity in 2018. Establishments for which only a portion of the total consumed fuel was reported as switchable contribute to the est

counts in both the Switchable and Not Switchable columns. Therefore, the sum of these establishment counts may be greater than the corresponding establishment count of the total number of establishm

consuming the fuel.

(c) Alternative Energy Sources consist of those energy sources that could have been substituted for coal during 2018. The quantities are expressed in thousands of short tons, and therefore represent the 

coal that could have been displaced by the given alternative type of energy.

(d) Total Consumed represents those quantities (Total Inputs) of coal that were ascertained switchable or not switchable, plus an additional quantity for which the switching status was not ascertained.

(e) Electricity Receipts represents those quantities of electricity generated off the manufacturing establishment site and available at the site for consumption. It includes those quantities for which payme

quantities transferred in, quantities purchased and paid for by a central purchasing entity, and quantities for which payment was made in kind. It does not include electricity generated onsite. Electricity Re

been adjusted to account for any quantities that might have been resold or transferred out. The estimates include those quantities that were ascertained switchable or not switchable, plus an additional qu

which the switching status was not ascertained.

(f) Other includes all other types of energy not already identified that respondents indicated could have been consumed in place of coal.

* Estimate less than 0.5.

D=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.

Q=Withheld because Relative Standard Error is greater than 50 percent.

X=Not defined because RSE corresponds to a data table value of zero.

NA=Not available.Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Form EIA‐846, 2018 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.

The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB‐FY20‐260).