Buildings Characteristics

End-Use Percentage Tables

(16 pages, 92 kb)

CONTENTS PAGES

Table 29. Percent of Floorspace Heated, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995

Table 30. Percent of Floorspace Cooled, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995

Table 31. Percent of Floorspace Lit when Open, Number of Buildings and Floorspace,

 1995

Table 32. Heated, Cooled, and Lit Buildings, Floorspace, 1995

These data are from the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), a

national probability sample survey of commercial buildings sponsored by the Energy Information

Administration, that provides information on the use of energy in commercial buildings in the

United States. The 1995 CBECS was the sixth survey in a series begun in 1979. The data

were collected from a sample of 6,639 buildings representing 4.6 million commercial buildings

and 58.8 billion square feet of commercial floorspace in the U.S. The 1995 data are available

for the four Census regions and nine Census division.

Data provided here are in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission.

appropriate credit would be appreciated. A suggested citation is “U.S. Department of Energy,

Energy Information Administration, “A Look at Commercial Buildings in 1995: Characteristics,

Energy Consumption, and Energy Expenditures.”

Electronic Products and Services

Users can view and download selected pages, sections, or entire reports, search for

information, download data and analysis applications, and find out about new information

products and services.

Contact: Martha Johnson, Survey Manager (martha.johnson@eia.doe.gov)

World Wide Web: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/consumption

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Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Surveys
Table 29. Percent of Floorspace Heated, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Not

Heated

1 to 50

Percent

Heated

51 to 99

Percent

Heated

100

Percent

Heated

All

Buildings

Not

Heated

1 to 50

Percent

Heated

51 to 99

Percent

Heated

100

Percent

Heated

0.6 1.8 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.5 1.8 1.4 1.1 0.5

All Buildings ............................... 4,579 554 555 633 2,836 58,772 4,425 6,227 8,868 39,252 6.8

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................ 2,399 339 261 286 1,513 6,338 832 732 778 3,996 9.5

 5,001 to 10,000 .......................... 1,035 135 161 161 576 7,530 984 1,103 1,194 4,248 13.4

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................ 745 59 97 136 452 11,617 911 1,565 2,005 7,136 14.1

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................ 213 14 18 27 153 7,676 519 618 1,007 5,531 12.1

 50,001 to 100,000 ...................... 115 4 10 12 89 7,968 268 644 835 6,221 13.0

 100,001 to 200,000 .................... 48 Q 5 6 35 6,776 Q 806 797 4,853 14.5

 200,001 to 500,000 .................... 19 Q 1 4 13 5,553 Q 340 1,098 3,932 16.7

 Over 500,000 ............................. 6 Q 1 1 4 5,313 Q 418 1,154 3,334 18.6

Principal Building Activity

 Education ................................... 309 Q Q 41 258 7,740 Q Q 841 6,780 16.5

 Food Sales ................................. 137 Q Q 36 82 642 Q Q 199 359 25.2

 Food Service ............................. 285 Q Q 40 218 1,353 Q Q 220 981 23.2

 Health Care ................................ 105 Q Q 6 92 2,333 Q Q 234 2,066 23.5

 Lodging ...................................... 158 Q Q 15 137 3,618 Q Q 502 3,067 20.8

 Mercantile and Service .............. 1,289 72 243 233 740 12,728 501 1,796 2,553 7,878 12.9

 Office ......................................... 705 Q 31 118 555 10,478 Q 375 2,148 7,935 13.7

 Public Assembly ........................ 326 Q 24 51 236 3,948 Q 267 722 2,848 24.1

 Public Order and Safety ............. 87 Q Q Q 72 1,271 Q Q Q 954 39.9

 Religious Worship ...................... 269 Q Q 32 224 2,792 Q Q 425 2,182 24.5

 Warehouse and Storage ............ 580 255 165 34 125 8,481 2,062 2,855 637 2,927 17.1

 Other .......................................... 67 Q Q Q 38 1,004 Q Q Q 710 50.2

 Vacant ........................................ 261 166 30 Q 60 2,384 1,417 321 Q 565 21.6

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before ........................... 353 Q 26 59 231 3,673 Q 275 618 2,536 20.5

 1920 to 1945 .............................. 562 66 107 98 291 6,710 759 1,306 867 3,777 17.0

 1946 to 1959 .............................. 867 98 89 137 543 9,298 597 849 1,563 6,289 14.5

 1960 to 1969 .............................. 718 67 81 123 448 10,858 833 1,037 1,581 7,406 14.3

 1970 to 1979 .............................. 813 91 82 81 559 11,333 844 1,089 1,660 7,740 12.4

 1980 to 1989 .............................. 846 105 103 96 542 12,252 790 1,336 1,885 8,241 13.3

 1990 to 1992 .............................. 218 Q 27 27 135 2,590 Q 159 376 1,933 23.8

 1993 to 1995 .............................. 202 Q Q 12 88 2,059 Q Q 319 1,330 30.5

Floors

 One ............................................ 3,018 442 413 326 1,837 24,552 3,017 3,658 2,741 15,135 8.7

 Two ............................................ 1,002 74 89 209 629 14,122 733 1,348 2,449 9,592 11.8

 Three ......................................... 399 Q 42 72 265 7,335 Q 694 1,064 5,361 18.2

 Four to Nine ............................... 148 Q Q 23 96 8,789 Q 466 1,399 6,580 16.6

 Ten or More ............................... 12 Q Q 3 9 3,975 Q Q 1,214 2,583 18.9

Census Region

 Northeast ................................... 725 69 77 129 451 11,883 703 1,018 2,501 7,661 16.1

 Midwest ...................................... 1,139 134 148 155 702 14,322 811 1,171 1,480 10,860 13.4

 South ......................................... 1,750 203 197 207 1,143 20,830 1,930 2,379 2,856 13,666 9.3

 West ........................................... 964 149 133 142 540 11,736 981 1,658 2,032 7,066 16.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Percent of Floorspace Heated, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995 

 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Not

Heated

1 to 50

Percent

Heated

51 to 99

Percent

Heated

100

Percent

Heated

All

Buildings

Not

Heated

1 to 50

Percent

Heated

51 to 99

Percent

Heated

100

Percent

Heated

0.6 1.8 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.5 1.8 1.4 1.1 0.5

Climate Zone: 45-Year

Average

 Fewer than 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ............. 493 Q 46 117 281 5,098 Q 428 888 3,585 24.8

 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................ 975 98 104 124 649 14,597 661 1,000 1,781 11,155 14.0

 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................ 1,070 142 150 142 636 15,155 1,009 1,454 2,716 9,976 18.0

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ........... 1,103 148 113 148 694 13,491 1,142 1,640 2,095 8,615 15.4

 More than 2,000 CDD and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ........... 937 116 142 102 577 10,430 1,416 1,705 1,388 5,922 14.6

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 .............................. 2,505 492 376 288 1,349 13,885 3,223 2,318 1,647 6,697 9.7

 5 to 9 .......................................... 798 27 88 147 535 6,291 205 898 1,212 3,976 17.3

 10 to 19 ...................................... 625 Q 57 106 445 7,102 196 1,180 1,065 4,660 15.8

 20 to 49 ...................................... 400 Q 27 59 304 9,132 Q 830 1,236 6,833 13.4

 50 to 99 ...................................... 138 Q 5 15 112 6,931 Q 404 728 5,510 16.1

 100 to 249 .................................. 71 Q Q 12 56 5,988 Q Q 995 4,694 14.1

 250 or More ............................... 43 Q 1 6 36 9,443 Q 405 1,985 6,882 16.7

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................ 899 280 127 50 444 6,134 2,102 683 351 2,999 15.5

 40 to 48 ...................................... 1,257 50 193 171 843 13,233 561 2,452 1,714 8,506 13.4

 49 to 60 ...................................... 969 63 151 167 588 12,242 584 1,454 2,163 8,041 13.4

 61 to 84 ...................................... 567 26 43 110 388 10,052 417 692 1,822 7,122 16.3

 85 to 167 .................................... 420 54 22 64 279 6,202 322 389 888 4,604 17.4

 Open Continuously .................... 466 81 20 71 294 10,908 439 558 1,931 7,980 14.3

Space in Building Vacant for at

Least Three Consecutive

Months

 Yes ............................................. 787 245 126 79 337 15,844 2,400 1,708 2,664 9,072 12.2

 No .............................................. 3,791 309 429 554 2,499 42,928 2,025 4,518 6,204 30,180 7.7

Predominant Exterior Wall

Material

 Masonry ..................................... 3,061 287 342 451 1,982 42,958 2,741 3,887 5,949 30,381 8.3

 Siding or Shingles ...................... 639 67 54 109 409 3,243 325 326 798 1,795 20.5

 Metal Panels .............................. 662 182 139 48 293 5,694 1,135 1,115 741 2,704 14.7

 Concrete Panels ........................ 106 Q 17 13 67 4,069 Q 810 635 2,486 22.2

 Window Glass ............................ 46 Q Q Q 36 1,755 Q Q 464 1,247 31.6

 Other .......................................... 50 Q Q Q 35 660 Q Q Q 427 41.8

 No One Major Type ................... 15 Q Q Q Q 393 Q Q Q 212 73.0

Predominant Roof Material

 Built-Up ...................................... 1,369 112 188 200 869 24,481 1,393 2,889 3,447 16,752 10.8

 Shingles (Not Wood) .................. 1,486 100 156 185 1,045 11,093 643 1,237 1,690 7,523 13.1

 Metal Surfacing .......................... 908 236 160 99 413 7,941 1,478 1,324 1,066 4,073 12.0

 Synthetic or Rubber ................... 351 Q 12 59 262 10,235 Q 525 1,552 8,021 14.4

 Slate or Tile ................................ 202 Q Q 38 118 1,920 Q Q 356 1,321 22.7

 Wooden Materials ...................... 152 Q Q Q 76 1,130 Q Q Q 653 42.7

 Concrete .................................... 58 Q Q Q 28 1,335 432 Q Q 540 41.1

 Other .......................................... 36 Q Q Q 16 332 Q Q Q 193 57.6

 No One Major Type ................... Q Q Q Q Q 305 Q Q Q 176 50.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Percent of Floorspace Heated, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995 

 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Not

Heated

1 to 50

Percent

Heated

51 to 99

Percent

Heated

100

Percent

Heated

All

Buildings

Not

Heated

1 to 50

Percent

Heated

51 to 99

Percent

Heated

100

Percent

Heated

0.6 1.8 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.5 1.8 1.4 1.1 0.5

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ................................... 4,343 340 542 630 2,831 57,076 2,966 6,152 8,859 39,099 7.0

 Natural Gas ................................ 2,478 22 267 437 1,752 38,145 196 3,715 6,214 28,020 9.9

 Fuel Oil ...................................... 607 Q 93 90 423 14,421 Q 1,003 2,857 10,376 16.4

 District Heat ............................... 110 Q Q 7 101 5,658 Q Q 748 4,828 20.3

 District Chilled Water ................. 53 Q Q 2 49 2,521 Q Q 285 2,130 28.5

 Propane ..................................... 589 Q 74 77 428 5,344 Q 538 794 3,950 22.1

 Other .......................................... 213 Q 49 30 130 2,336 Q 420 314 1,579 28.5

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ................................... 1,467 -- 234 242 991 22,156 -- 3,108 4,183 14,864 11.3

 Natural Gas ................................ 2,211 -- 249 394 1,567 31,535 -- 3,282 5,079 23,175 8.5

 Fuel Oil ...................................... 504 -- 84 81 340 6,606 -- 479 1,309 4,817 20.9

 District Heat ............................... 109 -- Q 7 101 5,606 -- Q 748 4,793 20.2

 Propane ..................................... 301 -- 30 26 245 2,025 -- 247 173 1,606 28.5

 Other .......................................... 135 -- Q 22 80 1,050 -- Q 218 606 40.8

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

 Electricity ................................... 1,007 -- 179 138 689 13,500 -- 2,282 2,532 8,687 13.2

 Natural Gas ................................ 2,106 -- 230 379 1,497 28,808 -- 3,002 4,544 21,262 8.6

 Fuel Oil ...................................... 439 -- 76 69 294 4,207 -- 428 831 2,948 23.8

 District Heat ............................... 107 -- Q 6 100 5,289 -- Q 708 4,515 20.2

 Propane ..................................... 260 -- 29 Q 212 1,545 -- 221 Q 1,229 31.5

 Other .......................................... 61 -- Q Q Q 514 -- Q Q Q 49.8

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating .... 4,024 -- 555 633 2,836 54,347 -- 6,227 8,868 39,252 7.0

 Buildings with Cooling ................ 3,381 55 386 538 2,401 49,935 844 5,158 8,167 35,766 8.4

 Buildings with Water Heating ..... 3,486 69 387 544 2,486 51,560 764 4,976 8,302 37,518 8.3

 Buildings with Cooking ............... 828 24 58 128 618 20,713 375 900 3,376 16,062 12.4

 Buildings with Manufacturing ..... 204 Q 49 27 106 3,893 204 761 456 2,473 23.2

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................ 247 Q 5 40 201 13,366 Q 479 2,652 10,034 16.0

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled ................................. 1,198 499 169 95 435 8,837 3,581 1,069 702 3,486 14.6

 1 to 50 ........................................ 930 24 322 114 470 15,027 Q 4,227 1,793 8,652 13.6

 51 to 99 ...................................... 635 Q Q 354 255 12,549 Q 155 5,548 6,718 13.1

 100 ............................................. 1,816 23 47 70 1,676 22,359 362 776 825 20,395 13.1

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero ........................................... 36 28 Q Q Q 189 145 Q Q Q 35.7

 1 to 50 ........................................ 666 115 201 59 291 6,008 888 1,931 580 2,610 15.8

 51 to 99 ...................................... 745 Q 59 258 417 9,692 Q 660 3,083 5,848 15.5

 100 ............................................. 2,814 151 255 312 2,096 40,514 1,548 3,350 5,163 30,453 8.9

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used .................. 318 249 Q Q 25 2,369 1,743 Q Q 312 24.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Percent of Floorspace Heated, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995 

 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Not

Heated

1 to 50

Percent

Heated

51 to 99

Percent

Heated

100

Percent

Heated

All

Buildings

Not

Heated

1 to 50

Percent

Heated

51 to 99

Percent

Heated

100

Percent

Heated

0.6 1.8 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.5 1.8 1.4 1.1 0.5

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps ............................... 394 -- 41 53 301 5,843 -- 464 1,083 4,296 18.2

 Furnaces .................................... 1,676 -- 216 298 1,163 14,923 -- 2,375 2,535 10,013 11.1

 Individual Space Heaters ........... 1,188 -- 225 209 754 16,809 -- 2,381 3,013 11,415 12.4

 District Heat ............................... 115 -- Q 7 106 5,911 -- Q 805 5,026 20.1

 Boilers ........................................ 610 -- 49 87 473 16,754 -- 694 2,603 13,456 13.8

 Packaged Heating Units ............ 1,031 -- 131 159 741 16,893 -- 2,191 2,823 11,879 11.0

 Other .......................................... 161 -- 29 34 98 6,249 -- 563 1,345 4,341 24.8

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

 Roof or Ceiling Insulation ........... 3,380 155 350 497 2,379 46,355 1,414 3,953 7,499 33,488 8.5

 Wall Insulation ........................... 2,372 57 232 391 1,693 31,694 582 2,612 5,494 23,006 10.3

 Storm or Multiple Glazing .......... 1,897 44 168 318 1,367 28,876 422 2,048 4,642 21,765 10.0

 Tinted, Reflective or

 Shading Glass .......................... 1,202 31 134 211 826 24,245 559 2,040 4,188 17,458 12.0

 Exterior or Interior

 Shading or Awnings .................. 2,271 37 266 392 1,576 37,208 541 3,348 6,279 27,040 9.7

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Variable Air-Volume System ...... 327 Q 8 46 272 13,473 Q 474 2,578 10,197 14.6

 Economizer Cycle ...................... 461 Q 31 60 365 16,550 Q 643 3,082 12,759 14.2

 HVAC Maintenance ................... 2,403 Q 252 357 1,784 43,134 Q 3,340 6,820 32,876 8.5

 Other Energy Efficient

 Equipment ................................. 198 Q 21 28 149 6,453 Q 374 1,036 4,998 17.3

Off-Hour Equipment

Reduction (more than one

may apply)

 Heating ...................................... 3,211 -- 452 488 2,271 38,326 -- 4,883 5,972 27,471 8.1

 Cooling ....................................... 2,707 53 334 414 1,907 35,605 716 4,186 5,640 25,064 9.5

 Lighting ...................................... 3,753 231 491 540 2,491 44,937 2,189 5,268 6,754 30,725 8.2

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

-- = Data not applicable.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of

abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey.
Table 30. Percent of Floorspace Cooled, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Not

Cooled

1 to 50

Percent

Cooled

51 to 99

Percent

Cooled

100

Percent

Cooled

All

Buildings

Not

Cooled

1 to 50

Percent

Cooled

51 to 99

Percent

Cooled

100

Percent

Cooled

0.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.5 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.7

All Buildings ............................... 4,579 1,198 930 635 1,816 58,772 8,837 15,027 12,549 22,359 6.0

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................ 2,399 749 363 289 998 6,338 1,962 1,067 690 2,619 9.2

 5,001 to 10,000 .......................... 1,035 280 254 145 355 7,530 1,999 1,881 1,031 2,620 12.3

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................ 745 125 196 117 307 11,617 1,905 3,265 1,837 4,610 12.0

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................ 213 26 65 39 83 7,676 916 2,282 1,450 3,028 10.1

 50,001 to 100,000 ...................... 115 12 34 24 45 7,968 790 2,263 1,752 3,163 10.6

 100,001 to 200,000 .................... 48 4 12 13 19 6,776 601 1,722 1,843 2,610 12.6

 200,001 to 500,000 .................... 19 1 5 6 7 5,553 318 1,493 1,685 2,057 13.5

 Over 500,000 ............................. 6 Q 1 2 2 5,313 Q 1,053 2,261 1,653 16.2

Principal Building Activity

 Education ................................... 309 60 64 56 129 7,740 1,000 2,821 1,489 2,431 13.7

 Food Sales ................................. 137 Q Q 34 75 642 Q Q 153 357 24.2

 Food Service ............................. 285 Q Q 57 189 1,353 Q Q 336 835 17.7

 Health Care ................................ 105 Q Q 8 77 2,333 Q Q 760 1,424 19.2

 Lodging ...................................... 158 32 12 22 92 3,618 425 401 811 1,982 20.9

 Mercantile and Service .............. 1,289 373 356 199 361 12,728 1,642 3,349 3,171 4,565 11.5

 Office ......................................... 705 Q 51 151 487 10,478 Q 690 3,657 6,014 11.9

 Public Assembly ........................ 326 80 57 47 143 3,948 554 729 957 1,708 19.0

 Public Order and Safety ............. 87 Q 20 8 11 1,271 Q 263 220 373 30.1

 Religious Worship ...................... 269 46 61 15 146 2,792 378 749 219 1,446 21.2

 Warehouse and Storage ............ 580 318 196 Q 49 8,481 2,490 5,082 252 658 17.5

 Other .......................................... 67 Q 9 20 Q 1,004 Q 186 455 281 35.9

 Vacant ........................................ 261 188 39 Q 33 2,384 1,651 376 Q 287 21.4

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before ........................... 353 93 106 64 90 3,673 854 1,228 747 842 18.2

 1920 to 1945 .............................. 562 180 136 86 161 6,710 1,672 2,456 1,212 1,370 15.0

 1946 to 1959 .............................. 867 250 191 133 293 9,298 1,749 2,757 1,788 3,004 12.6

 1960 to 1969 .............................. 718 210 158 101 250 10,858 1,880 2,988 2,316 3,673 11.8

 1970 to 1979 .............................. 813 125 163 92 434 11,333 944 2,549 2,688 5,152 11.3

 1980 to 1989 .............................. 846 189 135 129 394 12,252 1,078 2,342 2,826 6,006 11.7

 1990 to 1992 .............................. 218 57 22 18 121 2,590 245 398 537 1,410 19.7

 1993 to 1995 .............................. 202 94 20 12 75 2,059 415 309 434 901 24.2

Floors

 One ............................................ 3,018 874 551 336 1,257 24,552 4,917 7,140 3,241 9,255 8.4

 Two ............................................ 1,002 211 210 175 406 14,122 1,813 3,743 2,977 5,588 10.4

 Three ......................................... 399 80 139 79 101 7,335 1,069 2,246 1,508 2,511 15.3

 Four to Nine ............................... 148 32 30 39 46 8,789 869 1,677 2,697 3,547 15.4

 Ten or More ............................... 12 Q Q 6 5 3,975 Q Q 2,126 1,458 16.2

Census Region

 Northeast ................................... 725 275 164 102 185 11,883 2,360 3,784 3,063 2,677 12.3

 Midwest ...................................... 1,139 329 283 181 346 14,322 2,289 4,414 3,040 4,578 12.0

 South ......................................... 1,750 317 316 233 884 20,830 2,224 4,311 4,262 10,033 9.4

 West ........................................... 964 278 166 120 401 11,736 1,964 2,517 2,184 5,071 13.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Percent of Floorspace Cooled, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995 

 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Not

Cooled

1 to 50

Percent

Cooled

51 to 99

Percent

Cooled

100

Percent

Cooled

All

Buildings

Not

Cooled

1 to 50

Percent

Cooled

51 to 99

Percent

Cooled

100

Percent

Cooled

0.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.5 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.7

Climate Zone: 45-Year

Average

 Fewer than 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ............. 493 172 119 90 112 5,098 982 1,794 1,186 1,135 21.4

 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................ 975 319 220 144 292 14,597 2,695 4,284 3,343 4,275 10.9

 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................ 1,070 355 253 133 328 15,155 2,535 4,327 3,616 4,677 15.5

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ........... 1,103 217 177 141 569 13,491 1,510 2,789 2,441 6,751 15.4

 More than 2,000 CDD and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ........... 937 135 161 128 515 10,430 1,115 1,833 1,962 5,520 14.3

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 .............................. 2,505 962 454 240 849 13,885 5,562 3,149 1,106 4,069 9.4

 5 to 9 .......................................... 798 107 199 169 323 6,291 1,031 2,136 1,110 2,014 14.4

 10 to 19 ...................................... 625 76 146 89 314 7,102 652 2,596 965 2,889 14.0

 20 to 49 ...................................... 400 39 84 78 198 9,132 830 2,727 1,939 3,636 12.6

 50 to 99 ...................................... 138 9 31 29 69 6,931 552 1,752 1,852 2,775 13.7

 100 to 249 .................................. 71 Q 13 18 38 5,988 Q 1,672 1,453 2,746 12.4

 250 or More ............................... 43 Q 4 12 25 9,443 Q 994 4,125 4,230 14.3

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................ 899 501 128 61 209 6,134 3,289 990 421 1,434 14.8

 40 to 48 ...................................... 1,257 210 300 142 604 13,233 1,832 4,714 1,931 4,756 11.1

 49 to 60 ...................................... 969 175 292 186 316 12,242 1,345 3,925 2,775 4,197 11.8

 61 to 84 ...................................... 567 121 106 86 254 10,052 840 2,143 2,812 4,258 13.1

 85 to 167 .................................... 420 76 43 79 222 6,202 558 1,298 1,363 2,983 14.5

 Open Continuously .................... 466 116 60 80 210 10,908 973 1,958 3,246 4,732 12.9

Space in Building Vacant for at

Least Three Consecutive

Months

 Yes ............................................. 787 310 186 90 202 15,844 2,908 3,024 4,339 5,572 11.6

 No .............................................. 3,791 888 744 546 1,614 42,928 5,929 12,002 8,209 16,787 6.6

Predominant Exterior Wall

Material

 Masonry ..................................... 3,061 632 612 457 1,359 42,958 5,565 10,531 9,276 17,586 6.8

 Siding or Shingles ...................... 639 190 134 107 208 3,243 874 866 615 888 18.0

 Metal Panels .............................. 662 340 146 44 132 5,694 1,981 2,047 680 987 14.8

 Concrete Panels ........................ 106 Q 34 11 46 4,069 279 1,290 1,000 1,500 18.8

 Window Glass ............................ 46 Q Q Q 33 1,755 Q Q 686 873 25.8

 Other .......................................... 50 Q Q 3 29 660 Q Q 204 339 32.7

 No One Major Type ................... 15 Q Q Q Q 393 Q Q Q Q 62.2

Predominant Roof Material

 Built-Up ...................................... 1,369 256 297 225 591 24,481 2,736 6,110 5,540 10,094 9.2

 Shingles (Not Wood) .................. 1,486 337 287 183 679 11,093 1,968 2,718 1,637 4,770 10.8

 Metal Surfacing .......................... 908 401 193 81 233 7,941 2,377 2,438 996 2,130 12.5

 Synthetic or Rubber ................... 351 55 60 75 162 10,235 573 2,446 3,387 3,829 13.1

 Slate or Tile ................................ 202 59 43 46 54 1,920 421 567 394 537 21.2

 Wooden Materials ...................... 152 Q Q Q 57 1,130 Q Q Q 368 33.5

 Concrete .................................... 58 Q Q Q 21 1,335 Q 315 360 391 40.2

 Other .......................................... 36 Q Q Q Q 332 Q Q Q Q 46.0

 No One Major Type ................... Q Q Q Q Q 305 Q Q Q Q 50.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Percent of Floorspace Cooled, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995 

 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Not

Cooled

1 to 50

Percent

Cooled

51 to 99

Percent

Cooled

100

Percent

Cooled

All

Buildings

Not

Cooled

1 to 50

Percent

Cooled

51 to 99

Percent

Cooled

100

Percent

Cooled

0.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.5 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.7

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ................................... 4,343 967 926 635 1,816 57,076 7,291 14,917 12,536 22,331 6.0

 Natural Gas ................................ 2,478 347 594 455 1,082 38,145 3,045 10,827 9,369 14,904 7.1

 Fuel Oil ...................................... 607 219 165 92 131 14,421 1,517 3,441 4,662 4,801 14.5

 District Heat ............................... 110 14 17 24 55 5,658 530 1,019 1,742 2,366 20.4

 District Chilled Water ................. 53 Q Q 10 40 2,521 Q Q 705 1,645 25.1

 Propane ..................................... 589 158 126 47 258 5,344 824 1,391 842 2,288 18.3

 Other .......................................... 213 106 55 21 31 2,336 393 860 544 539 23.6

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ................................... 3,293 -- 912 618 1,763 47,761 -- 14,632 12,035 21,095 6.0

 Natural Gas ................................ 65 -- 17 18 30 1,314 -- 244 373 697 30.6

 District Chilled Water ................. 53 -- Q 10 40 2,521 -- Q 705 1,645 25.1

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating .... 4,024 699 905 627 1,793 54,347 5,257 14,672 12,421 21,997 6.4

 Buildings with Cooling ................ 3,381 -- 930 635 1,816 49,935 -- 15,027 12,549 22,359 5.9

 Buildings with Water Heating ..... 3,486 518 803 540 1,626 51,560 4,311 13,902 11,975 21,372 6.6

 Buildings with Cooking ............... 828 104 141 147 436 20,713 1,248 3,884 6,210 9,371 9.4

 Buildings with Manufacturing ..... 204 40 60 38 66 3,893 306 1,550 926 1,112 22.3

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................ 247 Q 54 56 96 13,366 380 2,189 5,144 5,653 14.2

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated ................................. 554 499 24 Q 23 4,425 3,581 Q Q 362 19.5

 1 to 50 ........................................ 555 169 322 Q 47 6,227 1,069 4,227 155 776 18.3

 51 to 99 ...................................... 633 95 114 354 70 8,868 702 1,793 5,548 825 15.5

 100 ............................................. 2,836 435 470 255 1,676 39,252 3,486 8,652 6,718 20,395 6.9

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero ........................................... 36 35 Q Q Q 189 160 Q Q Q 35.4

 1 to 50 ........................................ 666 197 252 59 157 6,008 1,431 2,675 518 1,384 14.9

 51 to 99 ...................................... 745 130 133 238 244 9,692 1,101 2,034 3,467 3,089 13.5

 100 ............................................. 2,814 552 533 332 1,397 40,514 4,143 10,140 8,530 17,702 7.5

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used .................. 318 283 Q Q Q 2,369 2,003 Q Q Q 17.2

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................ 878 -- 222 182 474 9,238 -- 3,249 2,015 3,974 11.3

 Heat Pumps ............................... 457 -- 80 85 292 6,931 -- 1,330 2,068 3,533 15.1

 Individual Air Conditioners ......... 862 -- 394 182 286 12,494 -- 6,395 2,965 3,133 10.0

 District Chilled Water ................. 53 -- Q 10 40 2,521 -- Q 705 1,645 25.1

 Central Chillers .......................... 109 -- 8 34 67 11,065 -- 969 4,956 5,140 12.5

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units .......................................... 1,431 -- 300 292 839 26,628 -- 7,235 7,335 12,059 8.0

 Swamp Coolers ......................... 186 -- 37 37 112 2,451 -- 597 595 1,260 24.8

 Other .......................................... 18 -- Q 7 7 949 -- Q 325 417 27.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Percent of Floorspace Cooled, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995 

 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Not

Cooled

1 to 50

Percent

Cooled

51 to 99

Percent

Cooled

100

Percent

Cooled

All

Buildings

Not

Cooled

1 to 50

Percent

Cooled

51 to 99

Percent

Cooled

100

Percent

Cooled

0.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.5 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.7

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

 Roof or Ceiling Insulation ........... 3,380 576 703 537 1,565 46,355 4,157 11,596 10,941 19,662 7.1

 Wall Insulation ........................... 2,372 315 448 405 1,204 31,694 2,148 7,053 7,915 14,577 8.3

 Storm or Multiple Glazing .......... 1,897 278 418 362 839 28,876 2,175 6,949 7,579 12,173 8.4

 Tinted, Reflective or

 Shading Glass .......................... 1,202 98 237 240 627 24,245 1,043 4,903 6,891 11,408 9.6

 Exterior or Interior

 Shading or Awnings .................. 2,271 223 521 436 1,092 37,208 2,567 9,387 9,573 15,681 7.8

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Variable Air-Volume System ...... 327 12 41 74 200 13,473 324 2,021 4,656 6,473 14.6

 Economizer Cycle ...................... 461 Q 81 108 272 16,550 Q 2,679 6,183 7,688 10.6

 HVAC Maintenance ................... 2,403 300 500 429 1,173 43,134 2,984 10,564 10,939 18,648 7.7

 Other Energy Efficient

 Equipment ................................. 198 Q 29 37 97 6,453 361 1,160 2,020 2,911 17.1

Off-Hour Equipment

Reduction (more than one

may apply)

 Heating ...................................... 3,211 581 768 469 1,393 38,326 3,892 11,407 8,027 15,000 7.1

 Cooling ....................................... 2,707 -- 804 471 1,433 35,605 -- 11,744 8,321 15,540 6.6

 Lighting ...................................... 3,753 789 860 531 1,572 44,937 5,700 12,876 9,058 17,303 6.8

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

-- = Data not applicable.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of

abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey.
Table 31. Percent of Floorspace Lit when Open, Number of Buildings

 and Floorspace, 1995

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings Not Lita

1 to 50

Percent

Lit

51 to 99

Percent

Lit

100

Percent

Lit

All

Buildings Not Lita

1 to 50

Percent

Lit

51 to 99

Percent

Lit

100

Percent

Lit

0.6 2.2 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.5 2.0 1.2 1.0 0.5

All Buildings .................................. 4,579 354 666 745 2,814 58,772 2,558 6,008 9,692 40,514 7.1

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 2,399 226 363 363 1,446 6,338 585 967 948 3,839 10.2

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 1,035 86 150 166 632 7,530 632 1,086 1,163 4,650 13.9

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 745 33 120 157 435 11,617 487 1,852 2,388 6,890 14.2

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 213 5 18 27 163 7,676 156 658 984 5,877 10.5

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 115 Q 11 19 83 7,968 Q 696 1,290 5,823 12.3

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 48 Q 2 9 35 6,776 Q 310 1,245 5,002 13.7

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 19 Q Q 3 15 5,553 Q Q 903 4,358 13.6

 Over 500,000 ................................ 6 Q Q 1 4 5,313 Q Q 771 4,075 15.9

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 309 Q 31 54 223 7,740 Q 377 1,337 5,959 18.9

 Food Sales .................................... 137 Q Q Q 99 642 Q Q Q 493 25.7

 Food Service ................................ 285 Q Q 51 189 1,353 Q Q 335 810 21.7

 Health Care ................................... 105 Q Q 23 72 2,333 Q Q 567 1,705 24.9

 Lodging ......................................... 158 Q 30 20 108 3,618 Q 365 495 2,741 21.0

 Mercantile and Service ................. 1,289 Q 170 223 876 12,728 Q 1,051 1,983 9,587 13.7

 Office ............................................ 705 Q 57 162 477 10,478 Q 404 2,354 7,694 13.7

 Public Assembly ........................... 326 Q 53 72 201 3,948 Q 376 931 2,619 20.8

 Public Order and Safety ................ 87 Q Q 8 67 1,271 Q Q 235 948 38.2

 Religious Worship ......................... 269 Q 54 51 164 2,792 Q 920 447 1,425 22.0

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 580 125 152 48 255 8,481 606 1,657 719 5,498 17.0

 Other ............................................. 67 Q Q Q 56 1,004 Q Q Q 782 44.1

 Vacant ........................................... 261 196 24 Q 28 2,384 1,690 352 Q 253 23.8

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 353 Q 65 77 186 3,673 Q 598 755 2,116 21.0

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 562 81 120 120 241 6,710 696 1,327 1,493 3,193 15.8

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 867 63 130 136 538 9,298 401 1,211 1,478 6,207 14.4

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 718 33 95 132 458 10,858 303 990 1,481 8,084 14.0

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 813 20 92 142 559 11,333 234 664 2,103 8,333 13.2

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 846 69 102 109 565 12,252 489 890 1,790 9,083 13.1

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 218 Q 23 Q 154 2,590 Q 161 328 2,031 23.6

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 202 Q 37 Q 112 2,059 Q 168 264 1,467 29.3

Floors

 One ............................................... 3,018 301 333 404 1,980 24,552 1,769 2,215 3,100 17,467 9.7

 Two ............................................... 1,002 33 199 212 557 14,122 314 1,801 2,713 9,293 12.1

 Three ............................................ 399 Q 104 100 181 7,335 Q 1,121 1,707 4,289 17.1

 Four to Nine .................................. 148 Q 29 28 86 8,789 Q 720 1,606 6,353 17.1

 Ten or More .................................. 12 Q 1 2 9 3,975 Q 150 566 3,112 19.6

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 725 38 113 148 427 11,883 548 1,130 2,418 7,787 16.3

 Midwest ......................................... 1,139 101 209 201 628 14,322 604 1,598 2,247 9,874 13.5

 South ............................................ 1,750 152 212 238 1,148 20,830 1,040 2,172 3,011 14,608 11.9

 West .............................................. 964 63 131 159 611 11,736 367 1,109 2,016 8,245 14.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Percent of Floorspace Lit when Open, Number of Buildings

 and Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings Not Lita

1 to 50

Percent

Lit

51 to 99

Percent

Lit

100

Percent

Lit

All

Buildings Not Lita

1 to 50

Percent

Lit

51 to 99

Percent

Lit

100

Percent

Lit

0.6 2.2 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.5 2.0 1.2 1.0 0.5

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 2,505 349 513 370 1,273 13,885 2,399 3,461 1,718 6,308 10.6

 5 to 9 ............................................. 798 Q 110 178 509 6,291 Q 1,093 1,443 3,727 15.6

 10 to 19 ......................................... 625 Q 26 89 510 7,102 Q 698 1,058 5,345 14.8

 20 to 49 ......................................... 400 Q 12 66 319 9,132 Q 414 1,669 7,020 13.0

 50 to 99 ......................................... 138 Q 4 25 108 6,931 Q 229 1,260 5,370 16.0

 100 to 249 ..................................... 71 Q Q 12 58 5,988 Q Q 1,130 4,784 13.0

 250 or More .................................. 43 Q Q 6 37 9,443 Q Q 1,413 7,960 15.5

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 899 239 122 100 439 6,134 1,911 890 642 2,692 14.7

 40 to 48 ......................................... 1,257 Q 203 258 779 13,233 165 1,827 2,734 8,507 12.8

 49 to 60 ......................................... 969 Q 143 167 635 12,242 Q 1,523 1,934 8,654 13.1

 61 to 84 ......................................... 567 Q 101 94 364 10,052 Q 752 1,733 7,507 14.5

 85 to 167 ....................................... 420 Q 20 68 312 6,202 Q 332 1,068 4,730 17.8

 Open Continuously ....................... 466 45 77 58 285 10,908 220 684 1,580 8,424 13.1

Space in Building Vacant for at

Least Three Consecutive Months

 Yes ................................................ 787 223 142 110 313 15,844 1,943 1,835 2,543 9,523 11.9

 No ................................................. 3,791 132 523 636 2,501 42,928 614 4,174 7,148 30,991 8.3

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 4,343 119 666 745 2,814 57,076 862 6,008 9,692 40,514 7.5

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,478 38 362 472 1,606 38,145 422 3,729 6,870 27,125 8.7

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 607 Q 101 106 379 14,421 Q 1,063 2,691 10,525 15.1

 District Heat .................................. 110 Q 7 24 79 5,658 Q 209 1,047 4,382 23.1

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 Q Q Q 40 2,521 Q Q 520 1,965 29.5

 Propane ........................................ 589 Q 88 110 386 5,344 Q 597 1,219 3,487 21.0

 Other ............................................. 213 Q Q Q 139 2,336 Q Q 449 1,438 27.9

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 4,024 76 551 735 2,662 54,347 669 5,120 9,591 38,967 7.8

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 3,381 36 468 615 2,262 49,935 396 4,577 8,590 36,371 8.3

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 3,486 55 491 654 2,286 51,560 544 4,595 9,167 37,254 8.0

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 828 Q 89 149 581 20,713 Q 1,164 3,712 15,674 10.4

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 204 Q 30 40 128 3,893 Q 485 628 2,744 25.4

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 247 Q 26 40 180 13,366 Q 475 2,467 10,378 16.8

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 554 278 115 Q 151 4,425 1,888 888 Q 1,548 18.2

 1 to 50 ........................................... 555 Q 201 59 255 6,227 Q 1,931 660 3,350 18.7

 51 to 99 ......................................... 633 Q 59 258 312 8,868 Q 580 3,083 5,163 16.4

 100 ................................................ 2,836 32 291 417 2,096 39,252 341 2,610 5,848 30,453 9.0

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled .................................... 1,198 319 197 130 552 8,837 2,162 1,431 1,101 4,143 14.6

 1 to 50 ........................................... 930 Q 252 133 533 15,027 Q 2,675 2,034 10,140 12.7

 51 to 99 ......................................... 635 Q 59 238 332 12,549 Q 518 3,467 8,530 13.7

 100 ................................................ 1,816 Q 157 244 1,397 22,359 Q 1,384 3,089 17,702 10.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Percent of Floorspace Lit when Open, Number of Buildings

 and Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings Not Lita

1 to 50

Percent

Lit

51 to 99

Percent

Lit

100

Percent

Lit

All

Buildings Not Lita

1 to 50

Percent

Lit

51 to 99

Percent

Lit

100

Percent

Lit

0.6 2.2 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.5 2.0 1.2 1.0 0.5

Percent Lit when Closed

 Zero .............................................. 1,644 24 305 280 1,034 13,101 143 2,462 2,165 8,332 14.5

 1 to 50 ........................................... 2,109 Q 270 389 1,438 30,711 Q 2,742 5,661 22,262 8.8

 51 to 100 ....................................... 87 Q Q 18 56 1,914 Q Q 297 1,496 33.5

 Never Closed ................................ 421 Q 77 58 285 10,677 Q 684 1,569 8,424 13.0

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 318 318 -- -- -- 2,369 2,369 -- -- -- 15.2

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

 Incandescent ................................ 2,479 -- 446 498 1,529 35,715 -- 3,971 6,850 24,873 7.9

 Standard Fluorescent ................... 3,885 -- 569 699 2,618 53,984 -- 5,533 9,508 38,934 7.1

 Compact Fluorescent .................... 364 -- 42 48 275 14,273 -- 801 2,615 10,857 14.1

 High-Intensity Discharge ............... 393 -- 36 91 266 16,259 -- 763 2,796 12,700 13.9

 Halogen ........................................ 302 -- 37 66 198 9,665 -- 513 1,801 7,346 16.7

 Other ............................................. 30 -- Q Q Q 554 -- Q Q 390 81.4

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

 Roof or Ceiling Insulation .............. 3,380 98 443 614 2,226 46,355 852 3,762 8,106 33,635 8.4

 Wall Insulation .............................. 2,372 57 315 439 1,560 31,694 529 2,685 5,834 22,646 9.3

 Storm or Multiple Glazing ............. 1,897 44 287 329 1,236 28,876 431 2,553 5,066 20,827 9.9

 Tinted, Reflective or

 Shading Glass ............................. 1,202 14 183 231 774 24,245 173 1,791 4,133 18,148 10.8

 Exterior or Interior

 Shading or Awnings ..................... 2,271 39 330 457 1,445 37,208 502 3,303 7,081 26,322 8.9

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Specular Reflectors ...................... 749 -- 91 148 510 17,868 -- 1,176 3,165 13,527 11.6

 Energy-Efficient Ballasts ............... 1,363 -- 132 223 1,008 28,375 -- 1,677 5,025 21,673 10.9

 Natural Lighting Control

 Sensors ........................................ 237 -- 29 32 177 6,431 -- 404 941 5,087 20.7

 Occupancy Sensors ...................... 131 -- 19 34 77 5,958 -- 242 1,095 4,621 23.2

 Time Clock .................................... 467 -- 63 100 304 13,262 -- 730 2,307 10,226 15.4

 Manual Dimmer Switches ............. 501 -- 88 122 291 13,056 -- 1,222 2,729 9,105 13.1

 Other ............................................. 79 -- Q 20 50 2,836 -- Q 663 2,021 28.6

Off-Hour Equipment

Reduction (more than one

may apply)

 Heating ......................................... 3,211 Q 458 614 2,121 38,326 Q 4,169 7,073 26,896 8.2

 Cooling .......................................... 2,707 Q 407 503 1,795 35,605 Q 3,850 6,339 25,291 8.1

 Lighting ......................................... 3,753 -- 561 677 2,515 44,937 -- 5,052 8,017 31,867 7.9

a Includes buildings that were zero percent lit when open, buildings that were not in use, and buildings that did not use any electricity.

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

-- = Data not applicable.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of

abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Table 32. Heated, Cooled, and Lit Buildings, Floorspace, 1995

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

in All

Buldings

Heated Buildings Cooled Buildings Lit Buildings

RSE

Row

Factor

Totala

Floorspace

Heatedb

Floorspace

Totala

Floorspace

Cooledb

Floorspace

Totala

Floorspace

Litb

Floorspace

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0

All Buildings .................................. 58,772 54,347 48,065 49,935 36,001 56,261 50,303 3.6

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 6,338 5,506 4,845 4,376 3,467 5,785 4,883 4.8

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 7,530 6,546 5,563 5,531 4,003 6,898 5,954 8.2

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 11,617 10,706 9,169 9,712 6,915 11,136 9,278 6.8

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 7,676 7,157 6,502 6,760 4,665 7,528 6,888 6.6

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 7,968 7,699 7,041 7,178 5,086 7,809 7,119 6.2

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 6,776 6,456 5,693 6,175 4,404 6,557 6,185 7.6

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 5,553 5,371 4,907 5,235 3,714 5,504 5,214 7.8

 Over 500,000 ................................ 5,313 4,906 4,345 4,968 3,748 5,043 4,782 8.9

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 7,740 7,740 7,582 6,741 4,178 7,672 7,259 7.0

 Food Sales .................................... 642 609 531 612 512 642 595 12.7

 Food Service ................................ 1,353 1,299 1,197 1,310 1,135 1,353 1,158 12.9

 Health Care ................................... 2,333 2,333 2,295 2,323 2,141 2,333 2,212 8.8

 Lodging ......................................... 3,618 3,608 3,490 3,193 2,737 3,601 3,272 9.8

 Mercantile and Service ................. 12,728 12,227 10,473 11,086 8,050 12,621 11,546 7.2

 Office ............................................ 10,478 10,458 9,829 10,360 9,287 10,451 9,774 6.2

 Public Assembly ........................... 3,948 3,836 3,541 3,394 2,691 3,927 3,451 9.6

 Public Order and Safety ................ 1,271 1,154 1,094 856 622 1,271 1,167 18.0

 Religious Worship ......................... 2,792 2,791 2,608 2,414 1,834 2,792 2,029 10.9

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 8,481 6,419 3,918 5,991 1,709 7,894 6,544 11.6

 Other ............................................. 1,004 907 841 921 707 988 904 22.0

 Vacant ........................................... 2,384 966 669 732 400 715 392 16.5

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 3,673 3,429 3,137 2,818 1,718 3,469 2,887 10.4

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 6,710 5,951 4,747 5,038 2,865 6,024 4,786 9.2

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 9,298 8,701 7,810 7,549 5,029 8,897 7,836 7.9

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 10,858 10,024 9,051 8,978 6,299 10,555 9,661 6.3

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 11,333 10,489 9,364 10,389 7,941 11,120 10,225 5.3

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 12,252 11,462 10,033 11,174 8,850 11,769 10,805 6.6

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 2,590 2,467 2,303 2,345 1,966 2,529 2,371 10.1

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 2,059 1,824 1,621 1,644 1,334 1,898 1,733 12.5

Floors

 One ............................................... 24,552 21,535 18,101 19,635 13,382 22,829 20,610 5.3

 Two ............................................... 14,122 13,389 12,022 12,308 8,931 13,808 12,160 5.4

 Three ............................................ 7,335 7,119 6,487 6,266 4,187 7,117 5,992 8.5

 Four to Nine .................................. 8,789 8,446 7,894 7,920 6,205 8,679 7,917 6.5

 Ten or More .................................. 3,975 3,859 3,562 3,805 3,297 3,829 3,624 10.3

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 11,883 11,180 9,919 9,523 5,936 11,346 10,092 7.1

 Midwest ......................................... 14,322 13,511 12,382 12,033 7,998 13,719 12,230 6.4

 South ............................................ 20,830 18,900 16,667 18,606 14,716 19,827 17,726 5.9

 West .............................................. 11,736 10,756 9,097 9,772 7,352 11,370 10,256 8.0

Climate Zone: 45-Year

Average

 Fewer than 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................ 5,098 4,901 4,476 4,115 2,521 4,882 4,374 11.8

 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................... 14,597 13,937 12,735 11,903 7,816 14,233 12,600 7.5

 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................... 15,155 14,147 12,607 12,620 8,591 14,357 12,870 8.2

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............. 13,491 12,350 10,753 11,981 9,473 12,957 11,662 10.7

 More than 2,000 CDD and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............. 10,430 9,014 7,494 9,315 7,599 9,831 8,797 9.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Heated, Cooled, and Lit Buildings, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

in All

Buldings

Heated Buildings Cooled Buildings Lit Buildings

RSE

Row

Factor

Totala

Floorspace

Heatedb

Floorspace

Totala

Floorspace

Cooledb

Floorspace

Totala

Floorspace

Litb

Floorspace

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 13,885 10,663 8,585 8,324 5,715 11,533 8,666 7.0

 5 to 9 ............................................. 6,291 6,086 5,213 5,260 3,349 6,264 5,168 8.3

 10 to 19 ......................................... 7,102 6,905 5,771 6,449 4,216 7,102 6,401 6.9

 20 to 49 ......................................... 9,132 8,899 8,038 8,302 5,808 9,103 8,540 6.1

 50 to 99 ......................................... 6,931 6,642 6,215 6,379 4,666 6,860 6,517 6.9

 100 to 249 ..................................... 5,988 5,880 5,603 5,872 4,269 5,975 5,799 7.1

 250 or More .................................. 9,443 9,272 8,642 9,349 7,979 9,425 9,213 6.3

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 6,134 4,032 3,422 2,845 2,003 4,224 3,499 10.0

 40 to 48 ......................................... 13,233 12,672 10,425 11,401 7,254 13,079 11,216 6.9

 49 to 60 ......................................... 12,242 11,658 10,203 10,897 7,385 12,134 10,738 6.6

 61 to 84 ......................................... 10,052 9,635 8,819 9,212 7,055 9,992 9,206 6.7

 85 to 167 ....................................... 6,202 5,880 5,463 5,644 4,398 6,145 5,716 7.1

 Open Continuously ....................... 10,908 10,469 9,734 9,936 7,906 10,688 9,928 5.9

Space in Building Vacant for at

Least Three Consecutive Months

 Yes ................................................ 15,844 13,445 11,751 12,936 9,914 13,922 12,173 6.0

 No ................................................. 42,928 40,902 36,314 36,999 26,087 42,338 38,130 3.9

Predominant Exterior Wall

Material

 Masonry ........................................ 42,958 40,217 36,407 37,394 27,653 41,339 36,881 4.1

 Siding or Shingles ......................... 3,243 2,919 2,514 2,369 1,569 3,102 2,582 14.0

 Metal Panels ................................. 5,694 4,559 3,466 3,713 1,928 5,073 4,480 9.0

 Concrete Panels ........................... 4,069 3,932 3,157 3,790 2,597 4,024 3,824 9.6

 Window Glass ............................... 1,755 1,754 1,624 1,730 1,448 1,739 1,670 11.4

 Other ............................................. 660 603 564 578 519 618 585 15.6

 No One Major Type ...................... 393 363 333 362 289 365 281 32.6

Predominant Roof Material

 Built-Up ......................................... 24,481 23,087 20,386 21,744 16,085 23,610 21,399 5.2

 Shingles (Not Wood) ..................... 11,093 10,450 9,237 9,125 6,761 10,660 9,347 6.3

 Metal Surfacing ............................. 7,941 6,463 5,191 5,564 3,419 7,134 6,064 7.2

 Synthetic or Rubber ...................... 10,235 10,099 9,445 9,662 7,145 10,125 9,364 5.4

 Slate or Tile ................................... 1,920 1,765 1,666 1,499 999 1,813 1,505 10.9

 Wooden Materials ......................... 1,130 985 862 730 510 1,100 896 22.6

 Concrete ....................................... 1,335 903 743 1,065 690 1,225 1,167 18.0

 Other ............................................. 332 290 268 272 189 305 277 24.9

 No One Major Type ...................... 305 305 267 273 205 289 285 26.5

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 57,076 54,110 47,879 49,785 35,946 56,261 50,303 3.5

 Natural Gas ................................... 38,145 37,950 34,091 35,100 25,048 37,723 34,008 4.3

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 14,421 14,236 13,034 12,904 9,378 14,279 13,067 6.1

 District Heat .................................. 5,658 5,642 5,473 5,128 4,081 5,638 5,339 9.1

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 2,479 2,395 2,521 2,302 2,517 2,412 10.7

 Propane ........................................ 5,344 5,281 4,747 4,520 3,253 5,304 4,589 12.6

 Other ............................................. 2,336 2,312 1,974 1,943 1,202 2,216 1,917 13.6

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 22,156 22,156 19,031 21,131 16,066 21,981 20,138 5.8

 Natural Gas ................................... 31,535 31,535 28,177 29,106 20,135 31,172 27,996 4.5

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 6,606 6,606 6,047 5,285 3,210 6,493 5,658 10.6

 District Heat .................................. 5,606 5,606 5,438 5,076 4,044 5,587 5,304 9.0

 Propane ........................................ 2,025 2,025 1,812 1,642 1,206 2,017 1,710 17.7

 Other ............................................. 1,050 1,050 857 754 434 1,012 938 19.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Heated, Cooled, and Lit Buildings, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

in All

Buldings

Heated Buildings Cooled Buildings Lit Buildings

RSE

Row

Factor

Totala

Floorspace

Heatedb

Floorspace

Totala

Floorspace

Cooledb

Floorspace

Totala

Floorspace

Litb

Floorspace

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

 Electricity ...................................... 13,500 13,500 11,271 12,959 10,667 13,350 12,258 7.1

 Natural Gas ................................... 28,808 28,808 25,747 26,440 18,095 28,526 25,629 4.6

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 4,207 4,207 3,751 3,076 1,565 4,105 3,412 12.7

 District Heat .................................. 5,289 5,289 5,127 4,759 3,793 5,269 4,991 9.0

 Propane ........................................ 1,545 1,545 1,366 1,184 935 1,537 1,325 19.7

 Other ............................................. 514 514 345 303 128 477 426 29.4

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 47,761 46,934 41,752 47,761 34,194 47,529 43,024 3.7

 Natural Gas ................................... 1,314 1,312 1,198 1,314 1,074 1,305 1,238 15.5

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 2,479 2,395 2,521 2,302 2,517 2,412 10.7

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 54,347 54,347 48,065 49,090 35,481 53,686 48,436 3.7

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 49,935 49,090 43,781 49,935 36,001 49,547 44,908 3.7

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 51,560 50,796 45,617 47,249 34,304 51,016 46,250 3.7

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 20,713 20,338 19,144 19,465 15,321 20,550 19,110 4.3

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 3,893 3,689 3,013 3,587 2,177 3,856 3,417 10.6

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 13,366 13,165 12,349 12,986 10,490 13,319 12,606 5.7

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 4,425 -- -- 844 520 2,574 1,867 18.9

 1 to 50 ........................................... 6,227 6,227 1,567 5,158 1,824 5,941 4,510 12.0

 51 to 99 ......................................... 8,868 8,868 7,246 8,167 5,758 8,826 7,886 8.1

 100 ................................................ 39,252 39,252 39,252 35,766 27,899 38,919 36,041 3.7

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled .................................... 8,837 5,257 4,285 -- -- 6,713 5,395 10.6

 1 to 50 ........................................... 15,027 14,672 11,217 15,027 3,302 14,857 12,651 6.6

 51 to 99 ......................................... 12,549 12,421 11,332 12,549 10,340 12,515 11,619 5.9

 100 ................................................ 22,359 21,997 21,231 22,359 22,359 22,175 20,638 4.7

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero .............................................. 189 44 30 QQQQ 39.5

 1 to 50 ........................................... 6,008 5,120 3,642 4,577 2,475 6,008 1,906 9.2

 51 to 99 ......................................... 9,692 9,591 8,559 8,590 6,399 9,692 7,883 6.9

 100 ................................................ 40,514 38,967 35,443 36,371 26,891 40,514 40,514 3.9

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 2,369 625 391 366 228 -- -- 22.5

Percent Lit when Closed

 Zero .............................................. 13,101 11,760 9,713 9,713 6,087 12,958 10,720 7.7

 1 to 50 ........................................... 30,711 29,669 26,602 28,175 20,400 30,711 27,866 4.4

 51 to 100 ....................................... 1,914 1,868 1,665 1,785 1,394 1,914 1,796 16.1

 Never Closed ................................ 10,677 10,425 9,694 9,895 7,893 10,677 9,921 5.9

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 2,369 625 391 366 228 -- -- 22.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Heated, Cooled, and Lit Buildings, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

in All

Buldings

Heated Buildings Cooled Buildings Lit Buildings

RSE

Row

Factor

Totala

Floorspace

Heatedb

Floorspace

Totala

Floorspace

Cooledb

Floorspace

Totala

Floorspace

Litb

Floorspace

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 5,843 5,843 5,312 5,813 4,764 5,831 5,376 6.9

 Furnaces ....................................... 14,923 14,923 12,656 12,967 8,544 14,742 12,887 6.2

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 16,809 16,809 14,407 14,831 9,165 16,488 14,810 7.3

 District Heat .................................. 5,911 5,911 5,719 5,286 4,209 5,876 5,581 9.2

 Boilers ........................................... 16,754 16,754 15,854 15,050 10,331 16,549 14,990 5.1

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 16,893 16,893 14,793 16,643 13,015 16,774 15,447 5.2

 Other ............................................. 6,249 6,249 5,575 5,899 4,534 6,226 5,759 9.1

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................... 9,238 8,975 7,795 9,238 6,379 9,193 8,236 5.6

 Heat Pumps .................................. 6,931 6,888 6,224 6,931 5,557 6,910 6,306 6.7

 Individual Air Conditioners ............ 12,494 12,294 10,865 12,494 6,722 12,346 10,980 5.8

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 2,479 2,395 2,521 2,302 2,517 2,412 10.7

 Central Chillers ............................. 11,065 10,857 10,343 11,065 9,576 11,017 10,478 6.6

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ............................................. 26,628 26,297 23,652 26,628 19,839 26,431 24,336 4.9

 Swamp Coolers ............................ 2,451 2,443 1,943 2,451 1,874 2,361 2,154 15.8

 Other ............................................. 949 949 871 949 708 949 888 15.9

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

 Incandescent ................................ 35,715 34,309 30,955 32,066 23,757 35,715 31,750 3.6

 Standard Fluorescent ................... 53,984 52,204 46,306 48,495 34,881 53,984 48,438 3.5

 Compact Fluorescent .................... 14,273 13,979 13,037 13,653 10,979 14,273 13,329 6.6

 High-Intensity Discharge ............... 16,259 15,915 14,358 15,123 9,791 16,259 15,324 5.7

 Halogen ........................................ 9,665 9,518 8,737 9,316 7,111 9,665 9,055 6.9

 Other ............................................. 554 521 481 495 426 554 482 42.7

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

 Roof or Ceiling Insulation .............. 46,355 44,941 40,694 42,198 31,362 45,509 41,462 4.1

 Wall Insulation .............................. 31,694 31,112 28,311 29,545 22,843 31,171 28,283 4.7

 Storm or Multiple Glazing ............. 28,876 28,454 26,228 26,701 20,113 28,445 25,742 4.1

 Tinted, Reflective or

 Shading Glass ............................. 24,245 23,686 21,431 23,202 18,274 24,080 22,101 4.4

 Exterior or Interior

 Shading or Awnings ..................... 37,208 36,667 33,099 34,641 25,700 36,706 33,169 3.8

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Variable Air-Volume System ......... 13,473 13,250 12,443 13,150 10,783 13,434 12,754 5.8

 Economizer Cycle ......................... 16,550 16,484 15,505 16,550 13,510 16,407 15,444 5.3

 HVAC Maintenance ...................... 43,134 43,036 39,403 40,151 30,030 42,860 39,458 4.0

 Other Energy Efficient

 Equipment .................................... 6,453 6,408 5,960 6,092 4,875 6,358 5,953 7.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Heated, Cooled, and Lit Buildings, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

in All

Buldings

Heated Buildings Cooled Buildings Lit Buildings

RSE

Row

Factor

Totala

Floorspace

Heatedb

Floorspace

Totala

Floorspace

Cooledb

Floorspace

Totala

Floorspace

Litb

Floorspace

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Specular Reflectors ...................... 17,868 17,351 15,616 16,398 11,810 17,868 16,512 5.2

 Energy-Efficient Ballasts ............... 28,375 27,736 25,447 26,158 19,688 28,375 26,349 4.5

 Natural Lighting Control

 Sensors ........................................ 6,431 6,217 5,704 6,220 4,725 6,431 5,975 8.0

 Occupancy Sensors ...................... 5,958 5,785 5,367 5,630 4,351 5,958 5,577 9.3

 Time Clock .................................... 13,262 12,896 11,728 12,694 10,335 13,262 12,398 5.8

 Manual Dimmer Switches ............. 13,056 12,985 12,090 12,584 10,324 13,056 11,712 5.4

 Other ............................................. 2,836 2,769 2,596 2,733 2,048 2,836 2,633 12.6

Off-Hour Equipment

Reduction (more than one

may apply)

 Heating ......................................... 38,326 38,326 33,586 34,434 24,080 38,138 33,983 4.3

 Cooling .......................................... 35,605 34,890 30,744 35,605 24,948 35,481 31,755 4.2

 Lighting ......................................... 44,937 42,747 37,582 39,237 27,561 44,937 39,997 4.0

a Total Floorspace refers to all floorspace in heated, cooled, or lit buildings, including the floorspace that is not heated, cooled, or lit. b Heated, Cooled, and Lit Floorspace refers only to the portion of floorspace in these buildings that is heated, cooled, or lit.

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

-- = Data not applicable.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation

of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption

Survey.