Buildings Characteristics

Buildings Structure Tables

(16 pages, 93 kb)

CONTENTS PAGES

Table 8. Building Size, Number of Buildings, 1995

Table 9. Building Size, Floorspace, 1995

Table 10. Year Constructed, Number of Buildings, 1995

Table 11. Year Constructed, Floorspace, 1995

These data are from the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey

(CBECS), a national probability sample survey of commercial buildings sponsored by

the Energy Information Administration, that provides information on the use of energy

in commercial buildings in the United States. The 1995 CBECS was the sixth survey

in a series begun in 1979. The data were collected from a sample of 6,639 buildings

representing 4.6 million commercial buildings and 58.8 billion square feet of

commercial floorspace in the U.S. The 1995 data are available for the four Census

regions and nine Census division.

Data provided here are in the public domain and may be reproduced without

permission. appropriate credit would be appreciated. A suggested citation is “U.S.

Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, “A Look at Commercial

Buildings in 1995: Characteristics, Energy Consumption, and Energy Expenditures.”

Electronic Products and Services

Users can view and download selected pages, sections, or entire reports, search for

information, download data and analysis applications, and find out about new

information products and services.

Contact: Martha Johnson, Survey Manager (martha.johnson@eia.doe.gov)

World Wide Web: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/consumption

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Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Surveys
Table 8. Building Size, Number of Buildings, 1995

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Buildings by Size

RSE

Row

Factor

1,001 to

5,000

Square

Feet

5,001 to

10,000

Square

Feet

10,001 to

25,000

Square

Feet

25,001 to

50,000

Square

Feet

50,001 to

100,000

Square

Feet

100,001 to

200,000

Square

Feet

200,001 to

500,000

Square

Feet

Over

500,000

Square

Feet

0.7 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

All Buildings .................................. 4,579 2,399 1,035 745 213 115 48 19 6 6.4

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 309 100 60 62 49 26 9 3 Q 15.1

 Food Sales .................................... 137 108 QQQQQQQ 20.1

 Food Service ................................ 285 210 52 QQQQQQ 17.2

 Health Care ................................... 105 57 Q 16 5 Q 2 2 1 23.2

 Lodging ......................................... 158 46 40 43 14 9 4 2Q 19.6

 Mercantile and Service ................. 1,289 736 295 195 33 18822 13.4

 Office ............................................ 705 405 131 94 35 22 10 5 1 12.1

 Public Assembly ........................... 326 128 110 64 13 7 2 1Q 21.5

 Public Order and Safety ................ 87 Q Q 23 QQQQQ 35.7

 Religious Worship ......................... 269 92 84 78 11 QQQQ 20.4

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 580 286 135 95 34 17931 18.2

 Other ............................................. 67 QQQQQQQQ 43.0

 Vacant ........................................... 261 149 68 34 4 3 Q Q Q 24.8

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 353 175 92 65 11 6 2 Q Q 21.0

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 562 309 145 70 17 11621 17.6

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 867 461 222 123 34 19 5 3 * 14.4

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 718 343 159 135 45 21 12 3 1 14.1

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 813 428 174 137 38 20941 12.5

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 846 422 151 186 46 26941 12.4

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 218 132 50 16 11 6 3 1* 20.8

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 202 129 43 13 9 6 Q * * 26.7

Floors

 One ............................................... 3,018 1,894 618 358 90 37 16 4 1 9.8

 Two ............................................... 1,002 378 283 236 62 32821 12.4

 Three ............................................ 399 123 97 115 37 18 7 2 * 17.3

 Four to Nine .................................. 148 Q 37 35 24 26 14 7 1 16.2

 Ten or More .................................. 12 QQQQQ 3 4 2 13.9

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 725 351 162 139 38 20 10 5 2 13.7

 Midwest ......................................... 1,139 638 224 181 48 28 14 5 1 12.9

 South ............................................ 1,750 953 380 276 74 42 17 6 1 10.8

 West .............................................. 964 457 269 149 53 24831 14.2

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 2,505 1,703 508 260 22 7 3 Q Q 12.6

 5 to 9 ............................................. 798 421 222 128 16 9 Q Q Q 14.3

 10 to 19 ......................................... 625 198 222 159 32 9 3 Q Q 15.1

 20 to 49 ......................................... 400 62 79 150 71 31 5 1 Q 15.4

 50 to 99 ......................................... 138 Q Q 33 44 30 13 2 Q 14.5

 100 to 249 ..................................... 71 Q Q 8 24 20 12 5 1 15.0

 250 or More .................................. 43 Q Q Q Q 9 11 9 4 13.1

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 899 565 219 90 16 6 Q Q Q 14.6

 40 to 48 ......................................... 1,257 665 282 214 55 26 10 2 Q 11.9

 49 to 60 ......................................... 969 475 232 164 59 27831 13.1

 61 to 84 ......................................... 567 241 139 121 32 19942 14.1

 85 to 167 ....................................... 420 240 67 67 20 14 9 2 * 17.6

 Open Continuously ....................... 466 212 95 88 30 21 10 7 3 12.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Building Size, Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Buildings by Size

RSE

Row

Factor

1,001 to

5,000

Square

Feet

5,001 to

10,000

Square

Feet

10,001 to

25,000

Square

Feet

25,001 to

50,000

Square

Feet

50,001 to

100,000

Square

Feet

100,001 to

200,000

Square

Feet

200,001 to

500,000

Square

Feet

Over

500,000

Square

Feet

0.7 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

Ownership and Occupancy

 Nongovernment Owned ................ 4,025 2,176 909 646 158 83 35 13 4 7.3

 Owner Occupied ......................... 3,158 1,746 704 503 109 58 24 10 4 7.8

 Nonowner Occupied ................... 698 325 163 126 47 24 10 3 * 15.9

 Unoccupied ................................. 170 105 QQQQQQQ 24.1

 Government Owned ...................... 553 223 125 98 55 32 13 6 1 12.1

Predominant Exterior Wall

Material

 Masonry ........................................ 3,061 1,454 749 545 170 91 35 14 4 7.4

 Siding or Shingles ......................... 639 465 116 50 5 QQQQ 18.9

 Metal Panels ................................. 662 390 146 97 18 7 2 Q * 17.4

 Concrete Panels ........................... 106 Q 10 30 14 12 6 2 * 18.7

 Window Glass ............................... 46 Q Q Q 43211 26.5

 Other ............................................. 50 QQQQQQ * Q 32.7

 No One Major Type ...................... 15 QQQQQQQQ 71.8

Predominant Roof Material

 Built-Up ......................................... 1,369 591 331 258 97 54 25 10 3 9.9

 Shingles (Not Wood) ..................... 1,486 915 331 191 29 14 4 1 * 14.0

 Metal Surfacing ............................. 908 512 192 158 29 13 3 1 Q 16.2

 Synthetic or Rubber ...................... 351 133 62 71 40 25 13 5 2 13.9

 Slate or Tile ................................... 202 105 60 21 10 4 Q Q Q 21.5

 Wooden Materials ......................... 152 72 50 QQQQQQ 30.3

 Concrete ....................................... 58 QQQQQQQ * 40.4

 Other ............................................. 36 QQQQQQQQ 58.7

 No One Major Type ...................... QQQQQQQQQ 100.0

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 4,343 2,252 970 724 211 114 47 19 6 6.3

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,478 1,112 614 474 146 82 33 13 4 7.4

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 607 333 96 92 31 28 14 10 4 14.0

 District Heat .................................. 110 Q Q 25 18 11841 17.1

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 Q Q Q 75521 23.7

 Propane ........................................ 589 354 117 89 16 9 3 1Q 19.8

 Other ............................................. 213 117 57 25 6 6 Q 1 Q 25.0

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 4,024 2,060 899 685 198 111 46 18 6 6.5

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 3,381 1,650 754 619 187 103 44 18 6 6.6

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 3,486 1,689 780 644 195 110 45 18 6 6.6

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 828 339 175 169 66 42 22 12 4 9.6

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 204 69 51 55 15 8 5 Q 1 23.9

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 247 55 48 59 26 30 14 10 4 15.3

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 554 339 135 59 14 4 Q Q Q 21.7

 1 to 50 ........................................... 555 261 161 97 18 10511 20.4

 51 to 99 ......................................... 633 286 161 136 27 12641 15.2

 100 ................................................ 2,836 1,513 576 452 153 89 35 13 4 7.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Building Size, Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Buildings by Size

RSE

Row

Factor

1,001 to

5,000

Square

Feet

5,001 to

10,000

Square

Feet

10,001 to

25,000

Square

Feet

25,001 to

50,000

Square

Feet

50,001 to

100,000

Square

Feet

100,001 to

200,000

Square

Feet

200,001 to

500,000

Square

Feet

Over

500,000

Square

Feet

0.7 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled .................................... 1,198 749 280 125 26 12 4 1 Q 17.2

 1 to 50 ........................................... 930 363 254 196 65 34 12 5 1 12.9

 51 to 99 ......................................... 635 289 145 117 39 24 13 6 2 12.1

 100 ................................................ 1,816 998 355 307 83 45 19 7 2 9.6

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero .............................................. 36 QQQQQQQQ 58.6

 1 to 50 ........................................... 666 363 150 120 18 11 2 Q Q 15.1

 51 to 99 ......................................... 745 363 166 157 27 19931 14.8

 100 ................................................ 2,814 1,446 632 435 163 83 35 15 4 7.3

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 318 194 85 31 QQQQQ 22.2

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 394 213 59 80 20 16431 15.9

 Furnaces ....................................... 1,676 898 441 257 49 20821 11.9

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 1,188 616 268 191 57 33 14 6 2 11.8

 District Heat .................................. 115 Q Q 27 18 11842 17.0

 Boilers ........................................... 610 199 135 128 70 46 20 9 2 12.3

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 1,031 483 193 216 75 41 15 6 2 10.9

 Other ............................................. 161 Q 22 50 14 11642 21.3

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................... 878 453 236 133 35 14531 13.6

 Heat Pumps .................................. 457 235 77 96 23 17531 15.0

 Individual Air Conditioners ............ 862 467 171 134 47 25 11 6 1 11.9

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 Q Q Q 75521 23.7

 Central Chillers ............................. 109 Q Q 14 29 23 15 9 3 12.7

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ............................................. 1,431 569 345 310 108 62 25 10 4 9.2

 Swamp Coolers ............................ 186 97 41 34 6 4 2 1Q 29.6

 Other ............................................. 18 QQQQQQQQ 33.1

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

 Incandescent ................................ 2,479 1,205 613 431 115 69 29 14 5 7.7

 Standard Fluorescent ................... 3,885 1,952 868 684 200 111 45 18 6 6.3

 Compact Fluorescent .................... 364 101 75 89 41 30 15 10 3 13.2

 High-Intensity Discharge ............... 393 79 93 107 46 34 20 10 4 12.8

 Halogen ........................................ 302 100 85 58 23 17 11 6 3 15.0

 Other ............................................. 30 QQQQQQQQ 63.3

Personal Computers and/or

Computer Terminals

 None ............................................. 2,039 1,323 456 222 25 9 3 1Q 15.0

 1 to 4 ............................................. 1,408 782 336 236 32 18 3 Q Q 12.1

 5 to 9 ............................................. 437 174 112 107 30 10 3 Q Q 17.1

 10 to 19 ......................................... 344 109 87 92 36 12 6 1 Q 18.8

 20 to 49 ......................................... 198 Q 32 74 44 27821 16.6

 50 to 99 ......................................... 81 Q Q 12 31 20 6 3 * 15.4

 100 to 249 ..................................... 46 Q Q Q 12 15941 14.6

 250 or More .................................. 26 QQQQ 6863 13.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Building Size, Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Buildings by Size

RSE

Row

Factor

1,001 to

5,000

Square

Feet

5,001 to

10,000

Square

Feet

10,001 to

25,000

Square

Feet

25,001 to

50,000

Square

Feet

50,001 to

100,000

Square

Feet

100,001 to

200,000

Square

Feet

200,001 to

500,000

Square

Feet

Over

500,000

Square

Feet

0.7 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

 Commercial Food Preparation ...... 828 339 175 169 66 42 22 12 4 9.6

 Computer Room ........................... 234 Q 57 52 38 29 17 10 3 12.5

 Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................. 243 97 42 57 20 13841 17.9

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

 Roof or Ceiling Insulation .............. 3,380 1,718 751 595 166 92 39 16 5 7.1

 Wall Insulation .............................. 2,372 1,238 480 447 108 59 26 10 4 8.0

 Storm or Multiple Glazing ............. 1,897 909 430 357 100 60 26 11 3 8.1

 Tinted, Reflective or

 Shading Glass ............................. 1,202 514 262 246 92 47 24 12 4 9.1

 Exterior or Interior

 Shading or Awnings ..................... 2,271 1,048 468 481 137 85 33 15 4 7.7

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Variable Air-Volume System ......... 327 98 55 73 41 32 16 8 3 14.3

 Economizer Cycle ......................... 461 154 90 89 57 36 20 9 4 12.3

 HVAC Maintenance ...................... 2,403 1,031 543 501 167 97 41 17 5 7.4

 Other Energy Efficient

 Equipment .................................... 198 73 41 32 26 14741 18.7

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Specular Reflectors ...................... 749 329 146 149 54 40 18 9 4 11.1

 Energy-Efficient Ballasts ............... 1,363 592 282 280 100 62 28 14 5 9.2

 Natural Lighting Control

 Sensors ........................................ 237 70 72 53 20 11532 18.7

 Occupancy Sensors ...................... 131 Q 30 45 169642 19.4

 Time Clock .................................... 467 154 131 92 37 28 15 6 3 13.7

 Manual Dimmer Switches ............. 501 138 150 131 35 23 14 8 3 12.4

 Other ............................................. 79 Q Q Q 68221 23.0

Energy Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Any Conservation Features .......... 4,075 2,067 917 705 203 113 47 18 6 6.5

 Building Shell ................................ 3,906 1,991 867 676 195 109 44 18 6 6.5

 HVAC ............................................ 2,529 1,086 575 527 175 100 41 17 6 7.3

 Lighting ......................................... 2,084 881 496 427 135 83 38 17 5 7.8

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

* = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of

abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Table 9. Building Size, Floorspace, 1995

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

(million

square

feet)

Floorspace by Building Size

RSE

Row

Factor

1,001 to

5,000

Square

Feet

5,001 to

10,000

Square

Feet

10,001 to

25,000

Square

Feet

25,001 to

50,000

Square

Feet

50,001 to

100,000

Square

Feet

100,001 to

200,000

Square

Feet

200,001 to

500,000

Square

Feet

Over

500,000

Square

Feet

0.5 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.3

All Buildings .................................. 58,772 6,338 7,530 11,617 7,676 7,968 6,776 5,553 5,313 6.3

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 7,740 250 404 1,045 1,825 1,752 1,235 981 Q 14.1

 Food Sales .................................... 642 234 QQQQQQQ 21.3

 Food Service ................................ 1,353 550 390 QQQQQQ 20.0

 Health Care ................................... 2,333 152 Q 243 175 Q 340 625 518 20.4

 Lodging ......................................... 3,618 150 269 748 512 613 547 558 Q 19.6

 Mercantile and Service ................. 12,728 1,841 2,202 2,939 1,180 1,274 1,068 539 1,685 13.4

 Office ............................................ 10,478 1,084 915 1,580 1,293 1,542 1,378 1,525 1,161 11.7

 Public Assembly ........................... 3,948 312 786 940 485 499 363 292 Q 21.1

 Public Order and Safety ................ 1,271 Q Q 368 QQQQQ 34.6

 Religious Worship ......................... 2,792 301 662 1,120 392 QQQQ 20.1

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 8,481 807 991 1,530 1,165 1,147 1,352 773 716 18.1

 Other ............................................. 1,004 QQQQQQQQ 41.8

 Vacant ........................................... 2,384 399 497 503 148 225 Q Q Q 25.9

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 3,673 442 756 957 407 386 340 Q Q 20.3

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 6,710 855 981 1,241 595 750 934 604 750 18.1

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 9,298 1,180 1,710 1,942 1,260 1,293 660 889 364 14.9

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 10,858 889 1,132 2,163 1,650 1,453 1,643 869 1,060 13.8

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 11,333 1,245 1,186 2,071 1,337 1,453 1,250 1,430 1,360 12.4

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 12,252 1,087 1,102 2,809 1,701 1,816 1,306 1,223 1,208 12.6

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 2,590 316 368 251 378 410 406 211 250 20.3

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 2,059 324 296 184 349 407 Q 137 127 24.7

Floors

 One ............................................... 24,552 4,838 4,399 5,478 3,198 2,539 2,263 1,009 828 10.1

 Two ............................................... 14,122 1,152 2,093 3,635 2,215 2,159 1,157 694 1,018 12.2

 Three ............................................ 7,335 333 767 1,841 1,336 1,224 872 605 357 16.3

 Four to Nine .................................. 8,789 Q 269 663 908 1,916 1,968 1,934 1,115 15.1

 Ten or More .................................. 3,975 Q Q Q Q Q 516 1,312 1,995 14.6

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 11,883 995 1,223 2,118 1,380 1,371 1,377 1,389 2,029 13.9

 Midwest ......................................... 14,322 1,772 1,678 2,701 1,726 1,920 1,896 1,520 1,110 12.3

 South ............................................ 20,830 2,428 2,786 4,481 2,664 2,980 2,428 1,679 1,384 10.8

 West .............................................. 11,736 1,144 1,842 2,317 1,905 1,697 1,075 965 791 13.6

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 13,885 4,184 3,636 3,806 770 518 415 Q Q 13.4

 5 to 9 ............................................. 6,291 1,202 1,608 2,090 529 567 Q Q Q 14.6

 10 to 19 ......................................... 7,102 695 1,637 2,399 1,099 557 480 Q Q 15.0

 20 to 49 ......................................... 9,132 225 615 2,513 2,620 2,087 736 204 Q 15.2

 50 to 99 ......................................... 6,931 Q Q 567 1,644 2,108 1,738 587 Q 14.1

 100 to 249 ..................................... 5,988 Q Q 155 913 1,472 1,628 1,394 409 14.7

 250 or More .................................. 9,443 Q Q Q Q 658 1,644 2,858 4,096 11.4

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 6,134 1,544 1,619 1,354 576 426 Q Q Q 15.3

 40 to 48 ......................................... 13,233 1,701 2,033 3,382 1,981 1,776 1,439 705 Q 12.4

 49 to 60 ......................................... 12,242 1,264 1,707 2,562 2,103 1,897 1,181 905 623 12.8

 61 to 84 ......................................... 10,052 653 1,020 1,873 1,182 1,354 1,325 1,011 1,634 13.3

 85 to 167 ....................................... 6,202 618 503 1,024 749 988 1,183 743 393 17.1

 Open Continuously ....................... 10,908 559 647 1,422 1,085 1,527 1,453 2,035 2,182 11.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Building Size, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

(million

square

feet)

Floorspace by Building Size

RSE

Row

Factor

1,001 to

5,000

Square

Feet

5,001 to

10,000

Square

Feet

10,001 to

25,000

Square

Feet

25,001 to

50,000

Square

Feet

50,001 to

100,000

Square

Feet

100,001 to

200,000

Square

Feet

200,001 to

500,000

Square

Feet

Over

500,000

Square

Feet

0.5 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.3

Ownership and Occupancy

 Nongovernment Owned ................ 46,696 5,709 6,606 10,071 5,653 5,757 4,929 3,867 4,104 7.3

 Owner Occupied ......................... 35,573 4,652 5,118 7,863 3,910 4,000 3,426 2,989 3,615 7.8

 Nonowner Occupied ................... 9,697 787 1,189 1,944 1,665 1,670 1,404 797 242 15.3

 Unoccupied ................................. 1,426 270 QQQQQQQ 31.3

 Government Owned ...................... 12,076 630 924 1,546 2,023 2,211 1,847 1,685 1,209 11.9

Predominant Exterior Wall

Material

 Masonry ........................................ 42,958 3,970 5,445 8,694 6,146 6,237 4,868 3,985 3,613 7.4

 Siding or Shingles ......................... 3,243 1,135 825 725 161 QQQQ 20.4

 Metal Panels ................................. 5,694 1,038 1,077 1,426 643 479 374 Q 362 18.4

 Concrete Panels ........................... 4,069 Q 78 465 502 896 901 738 422 17.4

 Window Glass ............................... 1,755 Q Q Q 150 194 283 368 541 23.3

 Other ............................................. 660 Q Q Q Q Q Q 105 Q 26.1

 No One Major Type ...................... 393 QQQQQQQQ 61.3

Predominant Roof Material

 Built-Up ......................................... 24,481 1,557 2,340 4,159 3,529 3,729 3,584 2,879 2,703 9.6

 Shingles (Not Wood) ..................... 11,093 2,358 2,352 2,806 1,042 1,033 586 420 495 14.4

 Metal Surfacing ............................. 7,941 1,409 1,467 2,479 1,012 861 411 242 Q 16.2

 Synthetic or Rubber ...................... 10,235 398 492 1,105 1,494 1,716 1,859 1,649 1,523 13.7

 Slate or Tile ................................... 1,920 288 419 347 344 262 Q Q Q 20.9

 Wooden Materials ......................... 1,130 174 400 QQQQQQ 32.7

 Concrete ....................................... 1,335 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 378 37.9

 Other ............................................. 332 QQQQQQQQ 41.0

 No One Major Type ...................... 305 QQQQQQQQ 53.9

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 57,076 5,953 7,061 11,303 7,635 7,902 6,599 5,550 5,074 6.2

 Natural Gas ................................... 38,145 2,942 4,497 7,561 5,242 5,608 4,643 3,941 3,712 7.5

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 14,421 946 679 1,425 1,164 1,968 2,096 2,928 3,215 12.8

 District Heat .................................. 5,658 Q Q 370 651 744 1,119 1,211 1,351 15.5

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 Q Q 239 275 348 587 557 432 22.2

 Propane ........................................ 5,344 997 881 1,342 562 637 482 290 Q 20.2

 Other ............................................. 2,336 278 414 413 223 419 Q 252 Q 25.3

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 54,347 5,506 6,546 10,706 7,157 7,699 6,456 5,371 4,906 6.3

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 49,935 4,376 5,531 9,712 6,760 7,178 6,175 5,235 4,968 6.5

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 51,560 4,617 5,652 10,053 7,060 7,611 6,269 5,303 4,995 6.4

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 20,713 922 1,319 2,731 2,433 2,939 3,028 3,482 3,859 9.3

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 3,893 207 357 883 563 560 672 Q 480 22.9

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 13,366 169 315 902 1,033 2,121 2,091 3,081 3,653 14.2

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 4,425 832 984 911 519 268 Q Q Q 23.8

 1 to 50 ........................................... 6,227 732 1,103 1,565 618 644 806 340 418 20.0

 51 to 99 ......................................... 8,868 778 1,194 2,005 1,007 835 797 1,098 1,154 15.3

 100 ................................................ 39,252 3,996 4,248 7,136 5,531 6,221 4,853 3,932 3,334 7.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Building Size, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

(million

square

feet)

Floorspace by Building Size

RSE

Row

Factor

1,001 to

5,000

Square

Feet

5,001 to

10,000

Square

Feet

10,001 to

25,000

Square

Feet

25,001 to

50,000

Square

Feet

50,001 to

100,000

Square

Feet

100,001 to

200,000

Square

Feet

200,001 to

500,000

Square

Feet

Over

500,000

Square

Feet

0.5 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.3

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled .................................... 8,837 1,962 1,999 1,905 916 790 601 318 Q 17.3

 1 to 50 ........................................... 15,027 1,067 1,881 3,265 2,282 2,263 1,722 1,493 1,053 12.8

 51 to 99 ......................................... 12,549 690 1,031 1,837 1,450 1,752 1,843 1,685 2,261 11.7

 100 ................................................ 22,359 2,619 2,620 4,610 3,028 3,163 2,610 2,057 1,653 9.5

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero .............................................. 189 QQQQQQQQ 55.8

 1 to 50 ........................................... 6,008 967 1,086 1,852 658 696 310 Q Q 15.6

 51 to 99 ......................................... 9,692 948 1,163 2,388 984 1,290 1,245 903 771 13.9

 100 ................................................ 40,514 3,839 4,650 6,890 5,877 5,823 5,002 4,358 4,075 7.1

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 2,369 518 625 454 QQQQQ 24.5

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 5,843 589 436 1,243 701 1,156 564 681 473 15.7

 Furnaces ....................................... 14,923 2,334 3,197 3,871 1,743 1,371 1,079 657 671 11.8

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 16,809 1,618 2,003 3,094 1,960 2,208 1,936 1,901 2,088 11.8

 District Heat .................................. 5,911 Q Q 407 657 792 1,162 1,283 1,390 15.6

 Boilers ........................................... 16,754 551 1,005 2,080 2,592 3,190 2,850 2,553 1,933 11.2

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 16,893 1,319 1,410 3,387 2,754 2,800 2,139 1,611 1,473 10.1

 Other ............................................. 6,249 Q 180 780 489 762 822 1,202 1,861 19.7

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................... 9,238 1,133 1,732 1,970 1,224 970 707 824 677 12.9

 Heat Pumps .................................. 6,931 652 559 1,523 826 1,186 730 788 666 14.6

 Individual Air Conditioners ............ 12,494 1,209 1,277 2,194 1,664 1,690 1,617 1,639 1,205 11.7

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 Q Q 239 275 348 587 557 432 22.2

 Central Chillers ............................. 11,065 Q Q 264 1,107 1,666 2,080 2,687 3,124 12.4

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ............................................. 26,628 1,603 2,484 4,932 3,928 4,296 3,539 2,936 2,911 9.0

 Swamp Coolers ............................ 2,451 269 322 491 220 317 312 290 Q 28.4

 Other ............................................. 949 QQQQQQQQ 32.3

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

 Incandescent ................................ 35,715 3,168 4,523 6,648 4,177 4,718 4,169 4,135 4,177 7.5

 Standard Fluorescent ................... 53,984 5,184 6,317 10,699 7,237 7,700 6,383 5,432 5,031 6.2

 Compact Fluorescent .................... 14,273 324 552 1,359 1,522 2,155 2,196 2,962 3,203 12.6

 High-Intensity Discharge ............... 16,259 233 704 1,655 1,704 2,420 2,911 3,094 3,537 12.4

 Halogen ........................................ 9,665 268 611 872 844 1,239 1,553 1,875 2,403 14.2

 Other ............................................. 554 QQQQQQQQ 79.9

Personal Computers and/or

Computer Terminals

 None ............................................. 12,571 3,369 3,260 3,315 924 585 456 318 Q 15.5

 1 to 4 ............................................. 11,401 2,052 2,545 3,709 1,148 1,153 490 Q Q 12.5

 5 to 9 ............................................. 5,372 517 798 1,652 1,062 661 410 Q Q 16.8

 10 to 19 ......................................... 5,947 366 625 1,450 1,261 845 919 304 Q 17.8

 20 to 49 ......................................... 7,048 Q 227 1,242 1,562 1,822 1,122 636 405 15.9

 50 to 99 ......................................... 4,938 Q Q 212 1,164 1,362 884 885 374 15.4

 100 to 249 ..................................... 5,189 Q Q Q 464 1,059 1,345 1,040 1,225 15.2

 250 or More .................................. 6,307 Q Q Q Q 482 1,151 1,990 2,590 12.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Building Size, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

(million

square

feet)

Floorspace by Building Size

RSE

Row

Factor

1,001 to

5,000

Square

Feet

5,001 to

10,000

Square

Feet

10,001 to

25,000

Square

Feet

25,001 to

50,000

Square

Feet

50,001 to

100,000

Square

Feet

100,001 to

200,000

Square

Feet

200,001 to

500,000

Square

Feet

Over

500,000

Square

Feet

0.5 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.3

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

 Commercial Food Preparation ...... 20,713 922 1,319 2,731 2,433 2,939 3,028 3,482 3,859 9.3

 Computer Room ........................... 12,890 Q 394 842 1,414 2,097 2,356 2,975 2,723 11.3

 Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................. 6,753 253 322 936 728 942 1,174 1,327 1,072 16.5

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

 Roof or Ceiling Insulation .............. 46,355 4,631 5,487 9,236 5,961 6,400 5,529 4,684 4,425 7.0

 Wall Insulation .............................. 31,694 3,384 3,503 6,846 3,906 4,090 3,633 3,120 3,211 8.1

 Storm or Multiple Glazing ............. 28,876 2,475 3,220 5,550 3,638 4,235 3,598 3,345 2,815 7.9

 Tinted, Reflective or

 Shading Glass ............................. 24,245 1,353 1,869 3,836 3,365 3,366 3,372 3,486 3,598 8.5

 Exterior or Interior

 Shading or Awnings ..................... 37,208 2,806 3,470 7,514 4,934 5,864 4,700 4,454 3,467 7.3

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Variable Air-Volume System ......... 13,473 285 401 1,114 1,541 2,316 2,265 2,452 3,099 13.0

 Economizer Cycle ......................... 16,550 461 722 1,403 2,111 2,606 2,862 2,887 3,498 11.6

 HVAC Maintenance ...................... 43,134 2,828 4,048 7,795 6,094 6,722 5,718 5,123 4,805 7.2

 Other Energy Efficient

 Equipment .................................... 6,453 220 284 506 943 1,010 988 1,320 1,181 17.0

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Specular Reflectors ...................... 17,868 978 1,074 2,266 1,968 2,839 2,589 2,733 3,422 10.5

 Energy-Efficient Ballasts ............... 28,375 1,639 2,040 4,474 3,665 4,390 3,977 4,021 4,167 8.8

 Natural Lighting Control

 Sensors ........................................ 6,431 187 527 772 749 804 654 1,030 1,709 17.9

 Occupancy Sensors ...................... 5,958 Q 233 701 583 638 884 1,338 1,526 18.3

 Time Clock .................................... 13,262 431 971 1,384 1,380 2,050 2,106 1,995 2,946 12.5

 Manual Dimmer Switches ............. 13,056 375 1,129 1,938 1,291 1,643 1,975 2,511 2,194 11.9

 Other ............................................. 2,836 Q Q Q 258 592 317 601 638 20.5

Energy Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Any Conservation Features .......... 55,288 5,552 6,671 10,928 7,311 7,848 6,534 5,427 5,018 6.3

 Building Shell ................................ 53,190 5,346 6,344 10,491 7,021 7,530 6,217 5,237 5,005 6.4

 HVAC ............................................ 44,657 2,978 4,292 8,139 6,370 6,957 5,787 5,161 4,973 7.1

 Lighting ......................................... 38,537 2,410 3,626 6,625 4,936 5,806 5,364 4,912 4,857 7.5

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of

abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Table 10. Year Constructed, Number of Buildings, 1995

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Buildings by Year Constructed

RSE

Row

Factor

1919 or

Before

1920 to

1945

1946 to

1959

1960 to

1969

1970 to

1979

1980 to

1989

1990 to

1992

1993 to

1995

0.4 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.8

All Buildings .................................. 4,579 353 562 867 718 813 846 218 202 8.9

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 2,399 175 309 461 343 428 422 132 129 13.1

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 1,035 92 145 222 159 174 151 50 43 17.8

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 745 65 70 123 135 137 186 16 13 17.4

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 213 11 17 34 45 38 46 11 9 12.4

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 115 6 11 19 21 20 26 6 6 14.9

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 48 2 6 5 12 9 9 3 Q 16.7

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 19 Q 2 3 3 4 4 1* 19.8

 Over 500,000 ................................ 6 Q 1 * 1 1 1 * * 19.8

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 309 18 42 72 66 45 36 17 13 24.6

 Food Sales .................................... 137 Q Q Q Q 42 Q Q Q 36.6

 Food Service ................................ 285 Q Q Q 25 66 74 Q Q 30.5

 Health Care ................................... 105 Q Q 19 7 34 Q Q Q 45.4

 Lodging ......................................... 158 Q 7 33 53 24 25 Q Q 32.5

 Mercantile and Service ................. 1,289 112 154 278 229 207 212 47 49 17.8

 Office ............................................ 705 57 74 128 75 158 151 38 23 20.6

 Public Assembly ........................... 326 37 72 38 63 60 33 20 Q 32.0

 Public Order and Safety ................ 87 QQQQQQQQ 58.9

 Religious Worship ......................... 269 20 Q 65 50 53 58 Q Q 28.9

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 580 31 59 79 68 73 161 38 71 25.2

 Other ............................................. 67 QQQQQQQQ 64.8

 Vacant ........................................... 261 30 71 63 27 31 26 Q Q 29.6

Floors

 One ............................................... 3,018 80 281 567 500 626 628 170 165 11.5

 Two ............................................... 1,002 99 164 202 165 148 151 42 31 16.5

 Three ............................................ 399 137 80 87 28 26 36 3 Q 24.8

 Four to Nine .................................. 148 35 35 10 23 10 27 4 3 23.7

 Ten or More .................................. 12 Q 2 1 2 2 3 1Q 25.1

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 725 115 75 187 98 69 148 13 21 21.8

 Midwest ......................................... 1,139 147 221 215 150 141 156 38 70 19.2

 South ............................................ 1,750 50 176 285 267 391 389 114 78 14.4

 West .............................................. 964 41 90 180 204 211 153 54 33 20.2

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 2,505 217 336 475 390 390 430 123 144 11.9

 5 to 9 ............................................. 798 64 119 176 111 176 104 31 Q 20.7

 10 to 19 ......................................... 625 41 40 118 100 144 134 29 18 21.6

 20 to 49 ......................................... 400 16 46 72 69 51 110 21 15 20.5

 50 to 99 ......................................... 138 8 15 15 26 30 34 5 5 20.3

 100 to 249 ..................................... 71 5 4 7 16 12 18 7 2 17.6

 250 or More .................................. 43 1 3 4 7 9 17 2 1 23.8

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 899 82 125 194 147 109 155 Q Q 19.5

 40 to 48 ......................................... 1,257 110 184 256 165 194 239 63 46 15.8

 49 to 60 ......................................... 969 75 100 185 149 214 173 42 32 18.3

 61 to 84 ......................................... 567 40 65 126 115 99 74 24 24 22.2

 85 to 167 ....................................... 420 15 49 42 63 116 85 31 19 25.7

 Open Continuously ....................... 466 31 39 65 79 81 119 17 36 24.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Year Constructed, Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Buildings by Year Constructed

RSE

Row

Factor

1919 or

Before

1920 to

1945

1946 to

1959

1960 to

1969

1970 to

1979

1980 to

1989

1990 to

1992

1993 to

1995

0.4 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.8

Ownership and Occupancy

 Nongovernment Owned ................ 4,025 321 474 729 625 716 775 200 186 9.5

 Owner Occupied ......................... 3,158 257 374 564 486 555 600 164 157 10.6

 Nonowner Occupied ................... 698 56 43 125 118 138 160 29 29 20.9

 Unoccupied ................................. 170 Q 56 40 Q 23 Q Q Q 38.1

 Government Owned ...................... 553 32 88 138 94 96 71 18 16 21.4

Space in Building Vacant for at

Least Three Consecutive Months

 Yes ................................................ 787 75 118 142 130 126 122 30 44 19.4

 No ................................................. 3,791 278 443 725 588 687 724 188 158 9.7

Predominant Exterior Wall

Material

 Masonry ........................................ 3,061 259 414 685 534 525 450 124 69 10.3

 Siding or Shingles ......................... 639 86 98 99 84 74 126 Q 52 23.5

 Metal Panels ................................. 662 Q 32 61 58 171 218 57 65 23.2

 Concrete Panels ........................... 106 Q Q 16 19 31 26 Q 2 35.3

 Window Glass ............................... 46 QQQQQQQQ 67.2

 Other ............................................. 50 Q Q Q Q 2Q Q Q 55.0

 No One Major Type ...................... 15 QQQQQQQQ 108.3

Predominant Roof Material

 Built-Up ......................................... 1,369 79 190 315 267 259 188 44 26 15.7

 Shingles (Not Wood) ..................... 1,486 145 203 285 226 248 265 60 55 14.7

 Metal Surfacing ............................. 908 Q 56 87 97 193 271 82 103 20.1

 Synthetic or Rubber ...................... 351 39 39 74 67 55 51 17 10 25.0

 Slate or Tile ................................... 202 36 41 35 24 Q 34 Q Q 36.0

 Wooden Materials ......................... 152 QQQQQQQQ 50.8

 Concrete ....................................... 58 QQQQQQQQ 65.3

 Other ............................................. 36 QQQQQQQQ 88.5

 No One Major Type ...................... QQQQQQQQQ 100.0

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 4,343 335 508 838 695 809 792 204 162 9.0

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,478 256 353 528 403 444 357 92 46 11.3

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 607 70 81 142 120 60 98 13 Q 25.9

 District Heat .................................. 110 22 20 13 23 Q 7 Q Q 32.1

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 Q Q 5 10 Q 7 Q Q 48.2

 Propane ........................................ 589 Q 61 76 104 122 142 29 35 24.9

 Other ............................................. 213 Q 28 56 46 23 37 Q Q 38.4

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 4,024 316 496 769 652 722 741 189 141 9.3

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 3,381 260 382 617 508 688 657 161 108 9.6

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 3,486 287 429 656 562 632 667 145 108 10.1

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 828 77 100 129 147 142 168 42 23 17.2

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 204 Q 32 31 35 36 36 Q Q 38.0

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 247 8 21 75 37 34 53 10 9 26.4

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 554 Q 66 98 67 91 105 Q Q 25.8

 1 to 50 ........................................... 555 26 107 89 81 82 103 27 Q 25.0

 51 to 99 ......................................... 633 59 98 137 123 81 96 27 12 22.8

 100 ................................................ 2,836 231 291 543 448 559 542 135 88 10.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Year Constructed, Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Buildings by Year Constructed

RSE

Row

Factor

1919 or

Before

1920 to

1945

1946 to

1959

1960 to

1969

1970 to

1979

1980 to

1989

1990 to

1992

1993 to

1995

0.4 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.8

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled .................................... 1,198 93 180 250 210 125 189 57 94 18.5

 1 to 50 ........................................... 930 106 136 191 158 163 135 22 20 19.1

 51 to 99 ......................................... 635 64 86 133 101 92 129 18 12 21.7

 100 ................................................ 1,816 90 161 293 250 434 394 121 75 12.8

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero .............................................. 36 QQQQQQQQ 88.4

 1 to 50 ........................................... 666 65 120 130 95 92 102 23 37 21.4

 51 to 99 ......................................... 745 77 120 136 132 142 109 Q Q 21.3

 100 ................................................ 2,814 186 241 538 458 559 565 154 112 11.1

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 318 Q 74 55 32 Q 62 Q Q 32.9

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 394 Q 24 79 37 93 104 37 15 26.6

 Furnaces ....................................... 1,676 151 258 332 267 258 325 45 40 15.1

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 1,188 72 134 250 231 212 201 55 32 18.1

 District Heat .................................. 115 22 21 14 25 Q 8 Q Q 31.3

 Boilers ........................................... 610 92 98 164 118 59 66 6 7 18.8

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 1,031 26 81 121 149 296 230 68 59 17.2

 Other ............................................. 161 Q 23 25 16 19 49 3 3 37.4

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................... 878 74 95 182 110 154 225 19 19 19.6

 Heat Pumps .................................. 457 Q 33 79 38 121 116 50 15 25.3

 Individual Air Conditioners ............ 862 135 148 220 145 110 70 Q Q 18.1

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 Q Q 5 10 Q 7 Q Q 48.2

 Central Chillers ............................. 109 4 7 15 34 18 23 4 4 19.7

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ............................................. 1,431 67 140 191 224 376 294 80 59 14.3

 Swamp Coolers ............................ 186 Q 11 48 32 27 51 Q Q 38.9

 Other ............................................. 18 Q Q Q Q Q 2Q Q 47.9

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

 Incandescent ................................ 2,479 250 319 503 394 439 392 110 74 11.0

 Standard Fluorescent ................... 3,885 304 454 726 610 739 734 184 134 9.4

 Compact Fluorescent .................... 364 29 28 57 54 72 91 19 14 23.2

 High-Intensity Discharge ............... 393 28 37 75 72 67 65 18 29 21.8

 Halogen ........................................ 302 35 31 60 38 47 67 14 9 26.7

 Other ............................................. 30 QQQQQQQQ 95.4

Personal Computers and/or

Computer Terminals

 None ............................................. 2,039 157 293 373 371 293 336 106 110 13.0

 1 to 4 ............................................. 1,408 122 185 304 158 276 275 42 48 15.3

 5 to 9 ............................................. 437 37 17 60 79 131 49 44 19 25.1

 10 to 19 ......................................... 344 24 33 66 47 51 96 Q Q 29.0

 20 to 49 ......................................... 198 7 22 37 31 36 54 4 6 22.0

 50 to 99 ......................................... 81 Q 7 15 19 13 16 4 3 20.0

 100 to 249 ..................................... 46 Q 3 9 9 8 11 2 Q 19.9

 250 or More .................................. 26 Q 2 3 4 5 10 2 1 22.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Year Constructed, Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

Buildings by Year Constructed

RSE

Row

Factor

1919 or

Before

1920 to

1945

1946 to

1959

1960 to

1969

1970 to

1979

1980 to

1989

1990 to

1992

1993 to

1995

0.4 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.8

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

 Commercial Food Preparation ...... 828 77 100 129 147 142 168 42 23 17.2

 Computer Room ........................... 234 15 19 25 36 47 70 6 16 25.4

 Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................. 243 10 16 40 79 43 44 7 3 30.8

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

 Roof or Ceiling Insulation .............. 3,380 220 325 632 527 673 688 176 138 10.1

 Wall Insulation .............................. 2,372 112 196 373 321 476 603 165 125 11.3

 Storm or Multiple Glazing ............. 1,897 190 202 368 191 297 420 126 104 12.7

 Tinted, Reflective or

 Shading Glass ............................. 1,202 49 102 197 140 256 328 84 46 15.4

 Exterior or Interior

 Shading or Awnings ..................... 2,271 202 242 441 333 418 440 109 85 11.5

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Variable Air-Volume System ......... 327 26 17 49 57 62 61 15 41 24.9

 Economizer Cycle ......................... 461 14 44 66 67 112 101 27 30 20.7

 HVAC Maintenance ...................... 2,403 169 275 443 395 416 519 105 82 11.1

 Other Energy Efficient

 Equipment .................................... 198 6 20 Q 31 43 35 14 Q 26.7

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Specular Reflectors ...................... 749 65 68 133 126 144 127 34 52 19.3

 Energy-Efficient Ballasts ............... 1,363 105 135 227 199 241 300 92 65 15.3

 Natural Lighting Control

 Sensors ........................................ 237 32 5 40 51 36 50 Q 12 28.8

 Occupancy Sensors ...................... 131 Q 17 42 18 18 15 7 5 31.5

 Time Clock .................................... 467 37 22 96 91 87 101 17 17 24.8

 Manual Dimmer Switches ............. 501 46 73 76 61 81 115 27 21 21.2

 Other ............................................. 79 Q Q Q 5 25 25 Q Q 39.0

Energy Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Any Conservation Features .......... 4,075 314 468 788 636 745 757 203 164 9.1

 Building Shell ................................ 3,906 296 443 751 590 725 748 196 158 9.3

 HVAC ............................................ 2,529 172 296 458 418 446 537 107 95 10.8

 Lighting ......................................... 2,084 173 213 390 344 346 421 118 79 12.2

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

* = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of

abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Table 11. Year Constructed, Floorspace, 1995

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Floorspace by Year Constructed

RSE

Row

Factor

1919 or

Before

1920 to

1945

1946 to

1959

1960 to

1969

1970 to

1979

1980 to

1989

1990 to

1992

1993 to

1995

0.4 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.5

All Buildings .................................. 58,772 3,673 6,710 9,298 10,858 11,333 12,252 2,590 2,059 7.1

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 6,338 442 855 1,180 889 1,245 1,087 316 324 13.9

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 7,530 756 981 1,710 1,132 1,186 1,102 368 296 18.1

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 11,617 957 1,241 1,942 2,163 2,071 2,809 251 184 16.4

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 7,676 407 595 1,260 1,650 1,337 1,701 378 349 12.9

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 7,968 386 750 1,293 1,453 1,453 1,816 410 407 14.6

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 6,776 340 934 660 1,643 1,250 1,306 406 Q 16.7

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 5,553 Q 604 889 869 1,430 1,223 211 137 19.5

 Over 500,000 ................................ 5,313 Q 750 364 1,060 1,360 1,208 250 127 21.9

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 7,740 521 1,080 1,921 1,841 1,232 614 238 293 16.5

 Food Sales .................................... 642 Q Q Q Q 165 Q Q Q 33.2

 Food Service ................................ 1,353 Q Q Q 192 285 305 Q Q 31.3

 Health Care ................................... 2,333 Q Q 356 428 748 425 Q Q 20.7

 Lodging ......................................... 3,618 Q 170 607 972 576 829 Q Q 21.4

 Mercantile and Service ................. 12,728 816 1,118 1,895 2,342 2,749 2,727 632 449 15.8

 Office ............................................ 10,478 599 1,155 1,262 1,206 2,095 3,377 568 217 14.2

 Public Assembly ........................... 3,948 381 706 498 821 736 399 221 Q 22.5

 Public Order and Safety ................ 1,271 Q Q Q Q 254 Q Q Q 45.0

 Religious Worship ......................... 2,792 266 Q 637 535 510 598 Q Q 24.6

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 8,481 192 1,076 1,236 1,530 1,616 2,104 318 409 19.9

 Other ............................................. 1,004 Q Q Q Q Q 176 Q Q 41.4

 Vacant ........................................... 2,384 326 734 363 337 245 337 Q Q 27.3

Floors

 One ............................................... 24,552 356 1,974 4,107 4,843 5,278 5,792 1,204 998 11.7

 Two ............................................... 14,122 704 1,416 2,740 2,844 2,663 2,587 590 577 12.7

 Three ............................................ 7,335 1,264 1,317 1,249 1,046 1,089 1,022 184 Q 18.4

 Four to Nine .................................. 8,789 1,187 1,370 903 1,518 1,434 1,690 391 296 15.0

 Ten or More .................................. 3,975 Q 634 299 607 869 1,161 222 Q 22.0

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 11,883 1,226 1,794 1,944 2,344 1,658 2,128 443 347 15.8

 Midwest ......................................... 14,322 1,529 2,314 2,268 2,356 2,435 2,324 545 552 13.8

 South ............................................ 20,830 514 1,709 3,192 3,856 4,344 5,371 1,094 750 13.1

 West .............................................. 11,736 404 893 1,894 2,302 2,895 2,429 509 410 16.6

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 13,885 1,295 2,266 2,533 2,400 2,047 2,227 509 609 13.3

 5 to 9 ............................................. 6,291 608 949 1,277 1,095 1,209 912 142 Q 18.6

 10 to 19 ......................................... 7,102 490 647 1,300 1,179 1,607 1,393 277 209 17.8

 20 to 49 ......................................... 9,132 414 1,077 1,655 1,634 1,374 2,125 430 423 14.2

 50 to 99 ......................................... 6,931 266 595 951 1,648 1,392 1,446 245 388 15.4

 100 to 249 ..................................... 5,988 360 497 768 1,275 1,056 1,389 472 172 16.7

 250 or More .................................. 9,443 239 679 814 1,627 2,649 2,760 515 160 16.4

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 6,134 711 979 1,271 1,000 798 978 Q Q 18.7

 40 to 48 ......................................... 13,233 864 2,300 2,730 1,859 2,047 2,484 512 439 14.9

 49 to 60 ......................................... 12,242 843 1,093 2,034 2,196 2,393 2,693 663 326 14.4

 61 to 84 ......................................... 10,052 445 824 1,327 2,273 2,271 2,218 339 356 15.1

 85 to 167 ....................................... 6,202 360 486 719 1,170 1,628 1,272 311 256 18.2

 Open Continuously ....................... 10,908 449 1,028 1,217 2,360 2,197 2,607 546 504 13.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Year Constructed, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Floorspace by Year Constructed

RSE

Row

Factor

1919 or

Before

1920 to

1945

1946 to

1959

1960 to

1969

1970 to

1979

1980 to

1989

1990 to

1992

1993 to

1995

0.4 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.5

Ownership and Occupancy

 Nongovernment Owned ................ 46,696 3,021 5,039 6,662 8,084 9,143 10,977 2,170 1,602 8.2

 Owner Occupied ......................... 35,573 2,615 3,885 5,207 6,341 6,794 7,731 1,661 1,338 9.0

 Nonowner Occupied ................... 9,697 342 622 1,247 1,496 2,195 3,042 493 260 17.0

 Unoccupied ................................. 1,426 Q 531 207 Q 154 Q Q Q 35.3

 Government Owned ...................... 12,076 652 1,671 2,636 2,774 2,190 1,275 420 457 12.7

Space in Building Vacant for at

Least Three Consecutive Months

 Yes ................................................ 15,844 1,016 1,986 1,863 2,697 3,334 3,881 608 459 12.6

 No ................................................. 42,928 2,657 4,724 7,435 8,161 7,999 8,371 1,982 1,600 7.9

Predominant Exterior Wall

Material

 Masonry ........................................ 42,958 3,198 5,652 7,722 8,590 7,290 7,604 1,759 1,145 8.3

 Siding or Shingles ......................... 3,243 413 597 409 339 544 637 Q 226 26.1

 Metal Panels ................................. 5,694 Q 285 557 743 1,659 1,809 335 305 20.9

 Concrete Panels ........................... 4,069 Q Q 382 752 1,219 1,123 262 197 19.3

 Window Glass ............................... 1,755 Q Q Q 309 330 690 Q Q 27.6

 Other ............................................. 660 Q Q Q Q 174 206 Q Q 31.7

 No One Major Type ...................... 393 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 68.7

Predominant Roof Material

 Built-Up ......................................... 24,481 934 2,916 4,104 5,357 5,555 4,454 654 507 11.4

 Shingles (Not Wood) ..................... 11,093 1,139 1,414 2,036 1,853 1,831 2,084 429 306 13.2

 Metal Surfacing ............................. 7,941 Q 452 933 1,063 1,665 2,408 594 601 18.1

 Synthetic or Rubber ...................... 10,235 637 1,106 1,335 1,985 1,572 2,299 776 524 12.6

 Slate or Tile ................................... 1,920 484 358 291 197 Q 293 Q Q 23.2

 Wooden Materials ......................... 1,130 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 47.2

 Concrete ....................................... 1,335 Q Q Q 159 233 496 Q Q 43.3

 Other ............................................. 332 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 46.0

 No One Major Type ...................... 305 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 60.4

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 57,076 3,527 6,175 9,123 10,649 11,245 11,909 2,544 1,905 7.2

 Natural Gas ................................... 38,145 2,643 4,560 6,470 7,170 7,375 7,181 1,659 1,087 8.5

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 14,421 1,085 1,241 1,997 2,871 2,936 3,112 607 572 12.1

 District Heat .................................. 5,658 556 864 939 1,408 965 508 258 Q 18.4

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 Q 187 322 527 674 400 Q Q 23.6

 Propane ........................................ 5,344 Q 414 634 1,136 1,130 1,256 228 398 21.5

 Other ............................................. 2,336 Q 381 422 483 353 331 Q Q 28.0

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 54,347 3,429 5,951 8,701 10,024 10,489 11,462 2,467 1,824 7.3

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 49,935 2,818 5,038 7,549 8,978 10,389 11,174 2,345 1,644 7.6

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 51,560 3,206 5,349 8,136 9,722 10,117 11,105 2,263 1,661 7.3

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 20,713 1,272 1,555 3,177 4,207 4,344 4,301 1,082 774 10.6

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 3,893 Q 622 502 524 649 998 Q Q 23.9

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 13,366 468 691 1,561 2,619 3,262 3,437 780 548 12.9

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 4,425 Q 759 597 833 844 790 Q Q 27.7

 1 to 50 ........................................... 6,227 275 1,306 849 1,037 1,089 1,336 159 Q 21.7

 51 to 99 ......................................... 8,868 618 867 1,563 1,581 1,660 1,885 376 319 17.3

 100 ................................................ 39,252 2,536 3,777 6,289 7,406 7,740 8,241 1,933 1,330 8.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Year Constructed, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Floorspace by Year Constructed

RSE

Row

Factor

1919 or

Before

1920 to

1945

1946 to

1959

1960 to

1969

1970 to

1979

1980 to

1989

1990 to

1992

1993 to

1995

0.4 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.5

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled .................................... 8,837 854 1,672 1,749 1,880 944 1,078 245 415 17.6

 1 to 50 ........................................... 15,027 1,228 2,456 2,757 2,988 2,549 2,342 398 309 13.4

 51 to 99 ......................................... 12,549 747 1,212 1,788 2,316 2,688 2,826 537 434 14.0

 100 ................................................ 22,359 842 1,370 3,004 3,673 5,152 6,006 1,410 901 10.2

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero .............................................. 189 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 62.5

 1 to 50 ........................................... 6,008 598 1,327 1,211 990 664 890 161 168 18.4

 51 to 99 ......................................... 9,692 755 1,493 1,478 1,481 2,103 1,790 328 264 16.0

 100 ................................................ 40,514 2,116 3,193 6,207 8,084 8,333 9,083 2,031 1,467 8.5

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 2,369 Q 680 357 294 182 449 Q Q 32.0

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 5,843 Q 319 1,023 761 1,035 1,962 383 231 17.5

 Furnaces ....................................... 14,923 1,256 1,818 2,531 2,563 2,545 3,261 492 458 12.6

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 16,809 853 1,829 3,029 2,926 3,517 3,589 648 417 12.8

 District Heat .................................. 5,911 591 877 975 1,509 1,000 550 258 Q 18.2

 Boilers ........................................... 16,754 1,404 2,185 3,144 3,982 2,735 2,418 433 453 11.2

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 16,893 294 1,123 2,050 3,031 4,133 4,307 1,105 851 11.8

 Other ............................................. 6,249 Q 498 561 952 1,639 1,727 303 252 19.9

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................... 9,238 729 766 1,716 1,423 1,851 2,208 325 219 14.0

 Heat Pumps .................................. 6,931 Q 512 1,085 798 1,521 2,131 506 241 16.6

 Individual Air Conditioners ............ 12,494 1,389 2,122 2,713 2,732 1,847 1,384 156 Q 13.0

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 Q 187 322 527 674 400 Q Q 23.6

 Central Chillers ............................. 11,065 292 740 1,433 2,603 2,846 2,343 467 342 15.4

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ............................................. 26,628 1,026 2,408 3,509 5,202 6,087 6,104 1,335 957 10.1

 Swamp Coolers ............................ 2,451 Q 196 413 423 432 689 Q Q 31.2

 Other ............................................. 949 Q Q Q Q Q 178 Q Q 45.3

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

 Incandescent ................................ 35,715 2,807 4,191 5,880 6,604 6,739 7,077 1,339 1,079 8.3

 Standard Fluorescent ................... 53,984 3,278 5,786 8,502 9,846 10,870 11,481 2,432 1,789 7.3

 Compact Fluorescent .................... 14,273 540 1,437 1,571 2,505 3,403 3,403 777 637 13.2

 High-Intensity Discharge ............... 16,259 597 1,615 2,334 2,942 3,473 3,538 943 816 11.9

 Halogen ........................................ 9,665 434 727 1,267 1,521 2,362 2,475 479 401 15.7

 Other ............................................. 554 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 89.6

Personal Computers and/or

Computer Terminals

 None ............................................. 12,571 997 2,062 2,210 2,637 1,702 1,942 544 476 14.0

 1 to 4 ............................................. 11,401 954 1,650 2,262 1,651 2,201 2,088 271 323 14.8

 5 to 9 ............................................. 5,372 345 258 861 1,102 1,240 980 385 201 18.8

 10 to 19 ......................................... 5,947 471 498 901 959 1,014 1,617 290 Q 18.7

 20 to 49 ......................................... 7,048 275 976 1,019 1,236 1,435 1,603 226 279 16.6

 50 to 99 ......................................... 4,938 Q 394 607 1,077 974 1,149 247 234 17.0

 100 to 249 ..................................... 5,189 Q 382 606 1,185 1,297 1,097 254 Q 18.1

 250 or More .................................. 6,307 Q 490 832 1,010 1,470 1,776 372 134 17.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Year Constructed, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Floorspace by Year Constructed

RSE

Row

Factor

1919 or

Before

1920 to

1945

1946 to

1959

1960 to

1969

1970 to

1979

1980 to

1989

1990 to

1992

1993 to

1995

0.4 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.5

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

 Commercial Food Preparation ...... 20,713 1,272 1,555 3,177 4,207 4,344 4,301 1,082 774 10.6

 Computer Room ........................... 12,890 560 1,190 1,648 2,132 2,687 3,430 643 600 12.0

 Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................. 6,753 332 346 864 1,618 1,514 1,626 261 192 16.5

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

 Roof or Ceiling Insulation .............. 46,355 2,435 3,801 7,382 8,387 9,678 10,589 2,339 1,745 7.8

 Wall Insulation .............................. 31,694 1,326 1,944 4,133 4,829 6,740 9,116 2,098 1,508 9.3

 Storm or Multiple Glazing ............. 28,876 2,134 2,484 4,085 3,913 5,191 7,507 2,001 1,562 8.6

 Tinted, Reflective or

 Shading Glass ............................. 24,245 806 1,513 2,922 3,757 5,540 6,964 1,651 1,093 9.6

 Exterior or Interior

 Shading or Awnings ..................... 37,208 2,430 3,571 5,965 6,504 7,194 8,492 1,732 1,321 8.1

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Variable Air-Volume System ......... 13,473 436 792 1,570 2,334 2,974 3,584 845 937 14.0

 Economizer Cycle ......................... 16,550 371 1,391 1,932 3,214 3,812 4,014 1,024 792 11.1

 HVAC Maintenance ...................... 43,134 2,242 4,034 6,678 8,368 8,232 9,901 2,105 1,574 8.0

 Other Energy Efficient

 Equipment .................................... 6,453 236 574 819 1,011 1,518 1,523 321 450 15.5

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Specular Reflectors ...................... 17,868 952 1,602 2,156 3,213 4,009 4,031 922 984 11.5

 Energy-Efficient Ballasts ............... 28,375 1,363 2,667 4,106 5,151 5,849 6,334 1,590 1,315 9.7

 Natural Lighting Control

 Sensors ........................................ 6,431 251 305 788 1,040 1,671 1,584 373 420 17.6

 Occupancy Sensors ...................... 5,958 Q 383 1,049 1,087 1,346 1,214 351 327 18.3

 Time Clock .................................... 13,262 513 540 1,575 2,641 3,075 3,528 744 645 12.4

 Manual Dimmer Switches ............. 13,056 791 938 1,743 2,038 2,421 3,704 797 624 12.8

 Other ............................................. 2,836 Q Q 638 428 601 752 Q Q 24.9

Energy Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Any Conservation Features .......... 55,288 3,470 5,582 8,806 10,188 10,978 11,791 2,533 1,939 7.1

 Building Shell ................................ 53,190 3,275 5,232 8,561 9,591 10,572 11,607 2,483 1,868 7.1

 HVAC ............................................ 44,657 2,298 4,266 6,789 8,689 8,671 10,129 2,149 1,665 7.9

 Lighting ......................................... 38,537 2,328 3,495 5,683 7,246 7,639 8,564 2,023 1,558 8.2

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of

abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.