Release date: April 2015

Revised date: May 2016

Centralized

system

Distributed

system

Both

centralized and

distributed

systems 

Centralized

system

Distributed

system

Both

centralized and

distributed

systems 

All buildings 5,557 4,423 3,348 690 385 87,093 79,015 47,534 12,688 18,793

Building floorspace (square feet)

1,001 to 5,000 2,777 2,032 1,653 322 57 8,041 6,102 4,906 1,011 185

5,001 to 10,000 1,229 992 789 120 82 8,900 7,236 5,731 890 615

10,001 to 25,000 884 775 538 143 93 14,105 12,401 8,549 2,318 1,534

25,001 to 50,000 332 307 198 57 51 11,917 11,007 7,125 1,983 1,899

50,001 to 100,000 199 186 103 28 55 13,918 13,063 7,181 1,904 3,978

100,001 to 200,000 90 86 45 13 29 12,415 11,903 6,120 1,846 3,937

200,001 to 500,000 38 36 17 5 14 10,724 10,351 4,924 1,516 3,911

Over 500,000 8 8 4 1 3 7,074 6,951 2,998 1,220 2,734

Principal building activity

Education 389 332 244 51 38 12,239 11,905 7,580 1,269 3,057

Food sales 177 177 155 Q Q 1,252 1,252 883 Q Q

Food service 380 379 307 33 39 1,819 1,817 1,449 130 237

Health care 157 156 124 22 10 4,155 4,153 2,630 449 1,074

 Inpatient 10 10 6 Q 2 2,374 2,374 1,419 Q 860

 Outpatient 147 146 118 21 Q 1,781 1,779 1,211 354 Q

Lodging 158 158 132 7 19 5,826 5,821 4,418 369 1,034

Mercantile 602 531 342 90 99 11,330 10,960 4,705 1,492 4,763

Retail (other than mall) 438 367 270 80 17 5,439 5,070 2,932 1,013 1,125

Enclosed and strip malls 164 164 72 10 82 5,890 5,890 1,773 479 3,638

Office 1,012 943 713 160 71 15,952 15,663 8,724 2,934 4,006

Public assembly 352 317 248 41 28 5,559 5,318 3,389 514 1,415

Public order and safety 84 80 72 Q Q 1,440 1,341 1,139 Q Q

Religious worship 412 383 290 70 23 4,557 4,337 2,850 711 776

Service 619 442 347 80 Q 4,630 3,763 2,695 669 Q

Warehouse and storage 796 370 252 93 26 13,077 10,041 5,204 3,449 1,388

Other 125 98 81 Q Q 2,002 1,614 1,170 Q Q

Vacant 296 56 44 Q Q 3,256 1,031 700 Q Q

Year constructed

Before 1920 362 286 232 39 15 3,983 3,403 2,287 526 590

1920 to 1945 488 383 288 69 26 6,025 5,299 2,918 743 1,638

1946 to 1959 599 460 356 78 26 7,381 6,410 4,305 943 1,162

1960 to 1969 639 540 427 60 53 10,362 9,699 6,252 1,005 2,442

1970 to 1979 684 577 435 87 55 10,846 10,158 6,298 1,773 2,087

1980 to 1989 915 727 527 139 61 15,230 13,831 7,338 2,888 3,605

1990 to 1999 845 631 498 86 48 13,803 12,209 7,417 1,724 3,069

2000 to 2003 375 312 235 45 32 7,215 6,889 4,098 1,145 1,646

2004 to 2007 347 275 190 47 38 6,524 5,955 3,445 1,007 1,503

2008 to 2012 303 231 161 39 30 5,723 5,162 3,176 933 1,053

Table B42. Water-heating equipment, number of buildings and floorspace, 2012

Buildings 

with 

water 

heating

All

buildings

Number of buildings (thousand) Total floorspace (million square feet)

Type of water-heating 

equipment

Type of water-heating 

equipment

All

buildings

Buildings 

with 

water 

heating
Centralized

system

Distributed

system

Both

centralized and

distributed

systems 

Centralized

system

Distributed

system

Both

centralized and

distributed

systems 

All buildings 5,557 4,423 3,348 690 385 87,093 79,015 47,534 12,688 18,793

Table B42. Water-heating equipment, number of buildings and floorspace, 2012

Buildings 

with 

water 

heating

All

buildings

Number of buildings (thousand) Total floorspace (million square feet)

Type of water-heating 

equipment

Type of water-heating 

equipment

All

buildings

Buildings 

with 

water 

heating

Census region and division

Northeast 805 671 493 123 56 15,534 14,633 9,128 2,383 3,122

New England 302 235 166 40 30 4,302 3,915 2,487 586 843

Middle Atlantic 504 436 327 83 26 11,232 10,718 6,641 1,797 2,279

Midwest 1,237 1,014 806 133 76 18,919 17,592 11,316 2,335 3,942

East North Central 735 629 490 90 49 12,742 12,082 7,606 1,671 2,804

West North Central 502 385 316 43 27 6,178 5,510 3,710 663 1,137

South 2,247 1,740 1,322 264 154 34,279 30,261 17,460 4,938 7,863

South Atlantic 1,091 856 617 160 79 17,981 16,144 8,889 3,030 4,226

East South Central 370 325 268 28 29 4,904 4,598 2,745 437 1,416

West South Central 786 560 437 76 46 11,394 9,519 5,826 1,471 2,222

West 1,267 997 728 170 99 18,360 16,529 9,631 3,032 3,866

Mountain 338 260 195 36 29 4,981 4,440 2,573 699 1,168

Pacific 929 737 533 135 69 13,379 12,089 7,058 2,333 2,698

Climate region1

Very cold/Cold 2,031 1,639 1,261 242 136 31,898 29,567 18,894 4,184 6,489

Mixed-humid 1,743 1,445 1,120 201 124 27,873 25,772 15,231 3,619 6,922

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 837 635 457 124 54 12,037 10,585 6,259 2,221 2,105

Hot-humid 799 590 431 104 55 12,831 10,837 5,983 2,298 2,556

Marine 147 113 78 Q 16 2,454 2,255 1,168 366 721

Number of floors

One 3,836 2,862 2,179 451 231 39,809 33,591 20,177 6,094 7,321

Two 1,158 1,039 786 156 97 20,206 19,088 11,762 3,133 4,194

Three 374 344 259 58 26 8,140 7,932 5,148 1,181 1,602

Four to nine 177 166 118 23 26 13,535 13,141 7,998 1,646 3,497

Ten or more 13 12 6 2 5 5,404 5,264 2,450 635 2,179

Number of workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 2,892 1,917 1,547 292 78 17,751 11,783 8,984 1,713 1,086

5 to 9 1,085 977 777 140 61 8,973 8,205 6,262 1,188 755

10 to 19 731 700 515 118 66 9,623 9,137 6,320 1,690 1,126

20 to 49 513 495 319 78 98 14,514 14,097 7,957 2,282 3,859

50 to 99 206 203 122 36 46 13,476 13,171 7,105 2,192 3,873

100 to 249 93 93 51 20 23 10,941 10,912 5,614 1,893 3,404

250 or more 37 37 17 6 14 11,815 11,711 5,292 1,730 4,689
Centralized

system

Distributed

system

Both

centralized and

distributed

systems 

Centralized

system

Distributed

system

Both

centralized and

distributed

systems 

All buildings 5,557 4,423 3,348 690 385 87,093 79,015 47,534 12,688 18,793

Table B42. Water-heating equipment, number of buildings and floorspace, 2012

Buildings 

with 

water 

heating

All

buildings

Number of buildings (thousand) Total floorspace (million square feet)

Type of water-heating 

equipment

Type of water-heating 

equipment

All

buildings

Buildings 

with 

water 

heating

Weekly operating hours

Fewer than 40 1,149 703 575 97 31 8,220 5,137 3,777 659 701

40 to 48 1,346 1,107 843 193 71 15,828 14,388 9,155 2,631 2,602

49 to 60 1,244 1,063 789 184 89 20,529 18,878 11,623 3,487 3,768

61 to 84 764 676 467 111 98 15,867 15,304 7,601 2,621 5,082

85 to 167 479 428 315 67 46 9,395 8,937 5,247 1,470 2,220

Open continuously 575 447 359 38 49 17,253 16,371 10,131 1,820 4,420

Ownership and occupancy

Nongovernment owned 4,781 3,791 2,851 617 323 67,550 60,645 35,837 11,091 13,717

Owner occupied 2,466 2,048 1,634 289 125 30,637 27,869 19,154 4,090 4,626

Leased to tenant(s) 1,745 1,401 1,001 251 149 26,115 23,900 12,749 4,804 6,347

Owner occupied and leased 349 316 195 75 46 8,873 8,544 3,698 2,181 2,665

Unoccupied 221 26 21 Q Q 1,925 332 237 Q Q

Government owned 776 632 497 72 62 19,543 18,370 11,697 1,596 5,076

Federal 33 33 29 Q 3 1,573 1,565 837 Q 626

State 185 146 106 22 19 5,539 5,270 3,188 746 1,336

Local 558 452 362 50 40 12,431 11,535 7,672 749 3,115

Party responsible for operation

and maintenance of energy

systems

Building owner 4,715 3,706 2,841 580 285 73,702 66,462 41,135 10,474 14,852

Business owner or tenant 724 617 432 98 87 11,309 10,617 5,269 1,896 3,452

Property management 54 42 29 Q 7 1,250 1,177 600 Q 400

Other 64 57 46 Q Q 832 759 531 Q Q

Provider of direct input on energyrelated equipment purchases

Building owner 4,876 3,830 2,933 591 306 76,271 68,848 42,370 10,971 15,507

Business owner or tenant 540 466 317 85 64 8,256 7,779 3,962 1,345 2,471

Property management 35 29 23 Q Q 880 784 378 Q Q

Other 106 98 75 Q 12 1,686 1,605 824 Q 549
Centralized

system

Distributed

system

Both

centralized and

distributed

systems 

Centralized

system

Distributed

system

Both

centralized and

distributed

systems 

All buildings 5,557 4,423 3,348 690 385 87,093 79,015 47,534 12,688 18,793

Table B42. Water-heating equipment, number of buildings and floorspace, 2012

Buildings 

with 

water 

heating

All

buildings

Number of buildings (thousand) Total floorspace (million square feet)

Type of water-heating 

equipment

Type of water-heating 

equipment

All

buildings

Buildings 

with 

water 

heating

Campus or complex activity

Not part of a campus or complex 3,683 3,084 2,369 467 248 52,275 47,942 29,176 8,061 10,705

Primary or secondary school 237 165 115 32 19 4,616 4,214 2,522 496 1,196

College or university 84 79 63 8 8 4,068 4,010 2,951 472 587

Office complex 154 141 93 33 15 3,456 3,395 1,606 691 1,097

Retail complex 258 218 139 26 53 5,159 4,921 2,014 482 2,425

Storage complex 314 52 29 22 Q 3,212 1,284 643 545 Q

Religious campus or complex 197 181 136 36 Q 1,932 1,810 1,159 344 Q

Health care complex 52 50 42 Q 7 3,362 3,314 2,278 Q 912

Lodging or resort complex 65 61 53 Q Q 1,295 1,275 1,048 Q Q

Transportation complex 35 32 27 Q (*) 554 494 193 Q 200

Government complex 104 81 71 Q 2 2,107 1,886 1,359 Q 415

Other 371 278 209 49 20 5,057 4,470 2,584 1,228 658

Renovations in buildings

constructed before 2008

(more than one may apply)

Any type of renovation 2,094 1,886 1,393 297 196 42,216 40,289 22,231 6,390 11,668

Addition or annex 444 424 296 74 54 13,022 12,835 7,022 1,819 3,994

Reduction in floorspace 71 62 52 Q 5 1,753 1,715 935 Q 485

Roof replacement 987 881 654 133 94 20,917 20,189 10,907 3,186 6,095

Exterior wall replacement 194 174 130 27 17 4,230 4,144 2,261 788 1,096

Interior wall reconfiguration 889 813 563 136 114 21,340 20,777 10,449 3,418 6,911

Window replacement 560 526 352 107 66 12,265 11,984 6,237 1,983 3,765

HVAC equipment upgrade 1,101 1,019 722 173 123 26,779 26,061 13,578 4,230 8,253

Lighting upgrade 982 920 660 150 110 25,503 24,671 12,695 3,900 8,076

Electrical upgrade 747 681 487 109 85 16,160 15,675 8,123 2,398 5,154

Plumbing system upgrade 644 601 422 98 81 13,828 13,544 7,147 1,944 4,452

Insulation upgrade 382 353 248 61 44 7,607 7,331 3,785 1,176 2,370

Fire, safety, or security upgrade 616 585 407 101 77 17,196 16,864 8,874 2,709 5,281

Structural upgrade 152 144 108 20 16 3,913 3,853 2,137 518 1,198

Other 39 34 25 Q Q 848 829 321 Q Q

No renovations 3,160 2,306 1,794 354 158 39,154 33,564 22,127 5,365 6,073

Buildings constructed 2008 or later 303 231 161 39 30 5,723 5,162 3,176 933 1,053

Energy sources 

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 5,234 4,423 3,348 690 385 84,869 79,015 47,534 12,688 18,793

Natural gas 2,933 2,742 2,073 388 282 58,725 57,019 34,005 8,211 14,803

Fuel oil 467 411 314 52 45 20,200 19,708 10,979 2,510 6,219

District heat 48 45 30 6 8 5,964 5,822 3,596 501 1,725

District chilled water 54 51 24 19 7 4,608 4,511 2,907 450 1,154

Propane 510 466 357 72 38 7,706 7,383 4,491 1,127 1,765

Other 172 141 104 23 14 3,826 3,679 2,260 475 944
Centralized

system

Distributed

system

Both

centralized and

distributed

systems 

Centralized

system

Distributed

system

Both

centralized and

distributed

systems 

All buildings 5,557 4,423 3,348 690 385 87,093 79,015 47,534 12,688 18,793

Table B42. Water-heating equipment, number of buildings and floorspace, 2012

Buildings 

with 

water 

heating

All

buildings

Number of buildings (thousand) Total floorspace (million square feet)

Type of water-heating 

equipment

Type of water-heating 

equipment

All

buildings

Buildings 

with 

water 

heating

Water-heating energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 2,658 2,658 1,901 508 250 42,755 42,755 21,435 9,362 11,957

Natural gas 1,758 1,758 1,367 182 209 39,523 39,523 24,806 4,088 10,629

Fuel oil 77 77 63 Q 7 1,911 1,911 1,318 Q 467

District heat 25 25 19 3 4 4,551 4,551 3,002 325 1,224

Propane 142 142 106 Q 14 1,575 1,575 1,006 Q 348

Energy end uses 

(more than one may apply)

Buildings with space heating 4,722 4,237 3,229 634 374 80,078 76,584 46,147 11,914 18,523

Buildings with cooling 4,461 4,097 3,093 631 374 79,294 76,414 45,554 12,198 18,662

Buildings with water heating 4,423 4,423 3,348 690 385 79,015 79,015 47,534 12,688 18,793

Buildings with cooking 1,589 1,573 1,190 176 208 38,546 38,389 21,608 4,102 12,679

Buildings with manufacturing 259 228 150 55 22 5,078 4,570 2,431 1,148 990

Buildings with electricity

generation 410 395 292 34 69 25,642 25,280 14,045 2,858 8,378

Food preparation or serving areas 

in non-food service buildings

(more than one may apply)

Snack bar or concession stand 153 150 95 17 38 9,884 9,864 4,357 899 4,608

Fast food or small restaurant 173 173 97 13 63 9,787 9,778 3,500 1,131 5,147

Cafeteria or large restaurant 130 130 81 12 38 15,222 15,219 8,204 1,429 5,587

Commercial kitchen/

food preparation area 282 282 181 41 60 16,150 16,150 8,757 1,491 5,901

Small kitchen area 736 723 577 82 64 14,054 13,926 8,428 1,284 4,213

 1These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and 

Renewable Energy (EERE). 

 2In earlier CBECS publications, BAS was referred to as Energy Management and Control System (EMCS) .

 Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

 N = No cases in reporting sample.

 (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed.

 Notes: ● Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. ● See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definition of terms used 

in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from 

http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 Commercial Buildings 

Energy Consumption Survey.