Number of 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total

Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Worker

Mean

Hours per 

Week

All Buildings*................................... 4,645 64,783 72,807 13.9 890 61

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ................................... 2,552 6,789 9,936 2.7 683 57

5,001 to 10,000 ................................. 889 6,585 7,512 7.4 877 61

10,001 to 25,000 ............................... 738 11,535 10,787 15.6 1,069 67

25,001 to 50,000 ............................... 241 8,668 8,881 35.9 976 72

50,001 to 100,000 ............................. 129 9,057 8,432 70.4 1,074 80

100,001 to 200,000 ........................... 65 9,064 11,632 138.8 779 89

200,001 to 500,000 ........................... 25 7,176 6,883 289.0 1,043 100

Over 500,000 .................................... 7 5,908 8,744 896.1 676 115

Principal Building Activity

Education .......................................... 386 9,874 12,489 25.6 791 50

Food Sales ....................................... 226 1,255 1,430 5.6 877 107

Food Service ..................................... 297 1,654 3,129 5.6 528 86

Health Care ....................................... 129 3,163 6,317 24.6 501 59

 Inpatient .......................................... 8 1,905 3,716 241.4 513 168

 Outpatient ....................................... 121 1,258 2,600 10.4 484 52

Lodging ............................................. 142 5,096 2,457 35.8 2,074 167

Retail (Other Than Mall)..................... 443 4,317 3,463 9.7 1,246 59

Office ................................................ 824 12,208 28,154 14.8 434 55

Public Assembly ............................... 277 3,939 2,395 14.2 1,645 50

Public Order and Safety .................... 71 1,090 1,347 15.5 809 103

Religious Worship ............................. 370 3,754 1,706 10.1 2,200 32

Service .............................................. 622 4,050 3,667 6.5 1,105 55

Warehouse and Storage ................... 597 10,078 4,369 16.9 2,306 66

Other ................................................ 79 1,738 1,819 21.9 956 63

Vacant .............................................. 182 2,567 Q 14.1 Q Q

Year Constructed

Before 1920 ...................................... 330 3,769 3,045 11.4 1,238 48

1920 to 1945 ..................................... 527 6,871 6,122 13.0 1,122 51

1946 to 1959 ..................................... 562 7,045 6,646 12.5 1,060 52

1960 to 1969 ..................................... 579 8,101 8,708 14.0 930 63

1970 to 1979 ..................................... 731 10,772 12,597 14.7 855 65

1980 to 1989 ..................................... 707 10,332 15,032 14.6 687 62

1990 to 1999 ..................................... 876 12,360 16,181 14.1 764 71

2000 to 2003 ..................................... 334 5,533 4,476 16.6 1,236 68

Census Region and Division

Northeast .......................................... 726 12,905 14,908 17.8 866 67

 New England .................................. 233 2,964 3,155 12.7 939 71

 Middle Atlantic ................................ 493 9,941 11,752 20.1 846 65

Midwest ............................................ 1,266 17,080 16,373 13.5 1,043 59

 East North Central .......................... 696 11,595 11,489 16.7 1,009 61

 West North Central ......................... 571 5,485 4,883 9.6 1,123 58

South ................................................ 1,775 23,489 27,078 13.2 867 60

 South Atlantic ................................. 874 12,258 16,757 14.0 732 60

 East South Central .......................... 348 3,393 3,060 9.8 1,109 61

 West South Central ......................... 553 7,837 7,261 14.2 1,079 60

West ................................................. 878 11,310 14,448 12.9 783 62

 Mountain ......................................... 299 3,675 4,281 12.3 858 64

 Pacific ............................................. 580 7,635 10,168 13.2 751 61

Table B1. Summary Table: Total and Means of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

Released: Dec 2006

Next CBECS will be conducted in 2007
Number of 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total

Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Worker

Mean

Hours per 

Week

All Buildings*................................... 4,645 64,783 72,807 13.9 890 61

Table B1. Summary Table: Total and Means of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Climate Zone: 30-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ..................... 855 10,622 10,305 12.4 1,031 60

 5,500-7,000 HDD ............................ 1,173 17,335 17,340 14.8 1,000 63

 4,000-5,499 HDD ............................ 673 11,504 14,007 17.1 821 66

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 1,276 15,739 17,178 12.3 916 57

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 669 9,584 13,978 14.3 686 62

Number of Floors

One ................................................... 3,136 25,981 23,710 8.3 1,096 60

Two ................................................... 1,031 16,270 16,170 15.8 1,006 62

Three ................................................ 339 7,501 7,966 22.1 942 63

Four to Nine ...................................... 128 10,085 15,910 78.7 634 87

Ten or More ...................................... 12 4,947 9,051 420.0 547 112

Elevators and Escalators

(more than one may apply)

Any Elevators .................................... 309 24,617 36,562 79.7 673 78

Number of Elevators

 One ................................................. 208 8,221 9,079 39.5 905 67

 Two to Five ..................................... 88 10,129 15,894 115.1 637 98

 Six or More ..................................... 13 6,268 11,589 491.5 541 115

Any Escalators .................................. 6 2,350 4,048 388.7 580 84

Number of Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ..................................... 2,653 15,492 4,633 5.8 3,344 56

5 to 9 ................................................ 778 6,166 5,080 7.9 1,214 63

10 to 19 ............................................. 563 7,803 7,305 13.9 1,068 66

20 to 49 ............................................. 398 10,989 11,780 27.6 933 73

50 to 99 ............................................. 147 7,934 9,545 53.8 831 75

100 to 249 ......................................... 77 6,871 11,093 89.7 619 90

250 or More ...................................... 30 9,528 23,371 320.4 408 99

Weekly Operating Hours

Fewer than 40 ................................... 1,002 6,863 3,293 6.9 2,084 13

40 to 48 ............................................. 1,117 11,622 13,765 10.4 844 42

49 to 60 ............................................. 1,062 15,723 19,146 14.8 821 54

61 to 84 ............................................. 591 10,334 11,630 17.5 889 74

85 to 167 ........................................... 400 7,092 10,473 17.7 677 107

Open Continuously ........................... 475 13,149 14,499 27.7 907 168

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .................... 4,011 49,421 53,339 12.3 927 62

 Owner Occupied ............................. 1,841 23,591 27,111 12.8 870 60

 Nonowner Occupied ....................... 2,029 23,914 26,228 11.8 912 69

 Unoccupied ..................................... 141 1,916 N 13.6 N 0

Government Owned .......................... 635 15,363 19,468 24.2 789 55

 Federal ........................................... 46 1,956 2,432 42.9 804 66

 State ............................................... 164 3,808 7,204 23.2 529 57

 Local ............................................... 425 9,599 9,832 22.6 976 53

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ............................ 157 2,161 N 13.8 N 0

Mostly Vacant ................................... 25 406 Q 16.1 Q 49

Partially Vacant ................................. 548 12,382 16,997 22.6 729 67

Not At All Vacant .............................. 3,915 49,834 55,746 12.7 894 63

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Number of 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total

Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Worker

Mean

Hours per 

Week

All Buildings*................................... 4,645 64,783 72,807 13.9 890 61

Table B1. Summary Table: Total and Means of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Number of Establishments

One ................................................... 3,754 45,144 44,071 12.0 1,024 64

2 to 5 ................................................ 643 10,960 13,001 17.1 843 61

6 to 10 .............................................. 55 1,958 Q 35.7 303 68

11 to 20 ............................................. 23 1,951 3,342 85.7 584 66

More than 20 ..................................... 14 2,609 5,930 181.1 440 71

Currently Unoccupied ....................... 157 2,161 N 13.8 N 0

Predominant Exterior

Wall Material

Brick, Stone or Stucco ...................... 2,044 32,817 36,770 16.1 892 63

Concrete (Block or Poured) ............... 786 10,832 10,463 13.8 1,035 61

Concrete Panels ............................... 131 6,559 10,891 50.2 602 67

Siding or Shingles ............................. 779 4,120 4,567 5.3 902 58

Metal Panels ..................................... 825 7,912 6,235 9.6 1,269 59

Window Glass ................................... 17 1,024 1,910 60.1 536 78

Other ................................................ 47 1,113 1,541 23.8 722 62

No One Major Type ........................... 18 406 430 22.9 945 53

Predominant Roof Material

Built-Up ............................................. 1,036 21,170 25,828 20.4 820 63

Shingles (Not Wood) ......................... 1,325 10,195 10,462 7.7 974 59

Metal Surfacing ................................. 1,288 11,944 8,461 9.3 1,412 58

Synthetic or Rubber .......................... 511 14,730 20,783 28.8 709 70

Slate or Tile ...................................... 263 2,462 3,021 9.4 815 60

Wooden Materials ............................. 122 887 973 7.3 912 60

Concrete ........................................... 61 2,231 1,958 36.7 1,139 68

Other ................................................ 16 598 652 38.1 917 62

No One Major Type ........................... 25 565 669 22.7 844 84

Renovations in Buildings

Constructed Before 1980

(more than one may apply)

Any Type of Renovation

 Since 1980 ....................................... 1,018 17,844 20,481 17.5 871 61

 Addition or Annex ........................... 256 6,551 6,668 25.6 982 68

 Reduction In Floorspace ................ 22 1,012 1,078 46.1 939 78

 Cosmetic Improvements ................ 741 13,119 15,890 17.7 826 62

 Wall or Roof Replacement ............. 370 8,070 10,121 21.8 797 60

 Interior Wall

 Re-Configuration ........................... 411 8,518 11,188 20.7 761 65

 HVAC Equipment Upgrade ............ 442 10,768 13,849 24.4 778 64

 Lighting Upgrade ............................ 455 10,275 12,452 22.6 825 62

 Window Replacement .................... 310 6,354 7,462 20.5 851 63

 Plumbing System Upgrade ............ 315 7,144 8,764 22.7 815 68

 Insulation Upgrade ......................... 227 4,015 5,019 17.7 800 56

 Other Renovation ........................... 19 523 476 27.3 1,097 75

No Renovations Since 1980 .............. 1,710 18,714 16,637 10.9 1,125 55

Building Newer than 1980 ................. 1,917 28,225 35,689 14.7 791 67

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Number of 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total

Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Worker

Mean

Hours per 

Week

All Buildings*................................... 4,645 64,783 72,807 13.9 890 61

Table B1. Summary Table: Total and Means of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 4,404 63,307 72,708 14.4 871 62

Natural Gas ...................................... 2,391 43,468 51,956 18.2 837 65

Fuel Oil ............................................. 451 15,157 19,625 33.6 772 68

District Heat ...................................... 67 5,443 10,190 81.4 534 79

District Chilled Water ........................ 33 2,853 7,189 86.7 397 79

Propane ............................................ 502 7,076 5,858 14.1 1,208 60

Wood ................................................ 62 289 262 4.6 1,105 46

Coal .................................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q

Solar ................................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q

Other ................................................ 61 909 1,190 15.0 764 64

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 1,766 28,600 33,903 16.2 844 66

Natural Gas ...................................... 2,165 36,959 40,933 17.1 903 62

Fuel Oil ............................................. 360 5,988 5,386 16.6 1,112 58

District Heat ...................................... 65 5,198 9,939 79.7 523 78

Propane ............................................ 372 3,204 3,002 8.6 1,067 55

Wood ................................................ 59 261 191 4.4 1,367 45

Coal .................................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q

Solar ................................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q

Other ................................................ 41 475 527 11.6 901 61

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity .......................................... 1,258 15,996 19,392 12.7 825 65

Natural Gas ...................................... 1,999 32,970 36,773 16.5 897 61

Fuel Oil ............................................. 282 3,818 2,669 13.5 1,430 58

District Heat ...................................... 63 4,907 9,729 77.4 504 77

Propane ............................................ 308 1,955 1,915 6.4 1,021 53

Wood ................................................ Q Q Q Q Q Q

Coal .................................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q

Solar.................................................. N N N N N N

Other ................................................ Q Q Q Q Q Q

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 3,589 54,321 63,221 15.1 859 64

Natural Gas ...................................... 17 1,018 1,342 58.9 759 72

District Chilled Water ........................ 33 2,853 7,189 86.7 397 79

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 1,910 27,490 32,638 14.4 842 59

Natural Gas ...................................... 1,445 28,820 35,740 19.9 806 70

Fuel Oil ............................................. 94 1,880 2,036 19.9 923 81

District Heat ...................................... 27 3,088 4,193 113.1 736 95

Propane ............................................ 128 1,422 1,527 11.1 931 80

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 410 13,161 16,034 32.1 821 81

Natural Gas ...................................... 457 15,438 19,011 33.8 812 85

Propane ............................................ 108 1,460 1,866 13.6 782 77

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Number of 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total

Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Worker

Mean

Hours per 

Week

All Buildings*................................... 4,645 64,783 72,807 13.9 890 61

Table B1. Summary Table: Total and Means of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ............ 3,982 60,028 70,778 15.1 848 61

Buildings with Cooling ....................... 3,625 56,940 70,153 15.7 812 64

Buildings with Water Heating ............ 3,472 56,478 69,224 16.3 816 65

Buildings with Cooking ...................... 801 22,237 27,242 27.8 816 81

Buildings with Manufacturing ............ 119 3,138 2,879 26.5 1,090 54

Buildings with Electricity.....................

 Generation ....................................... 149 12,821 19,273 85.9 665 99

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated ....................................... 663 4,756 2,029 7.2 2,344 60

1 to 50 .............................................. 523 6,850 4,135 13.1 1,656 56

51 to 99 ............................................. 498 8,107 9,618 16.3 843 64

100 ................................................... 2,962 45,071 57,024 15.2 790 62

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled ........................................ 1,020 7,843 2,654 7.7 2,956 52

1 to 50 .............................................. 985 16,598 11,094 16.8 1,496 60

51 to 99 ............................................. 629 13,211 16,510 21.0 800 70

100 ................................................... 2,011 27,132 42,549 13.5 638 63

Percent Lit When Open

Zero .................................................. 47 293 Q 6.3 Q 115

1 to 50 .............................................. 929 10,203 4,414 11.0 2,312 64

51 to 99 ............................................. 1,108 18,288 26,635 16.5 687 60

100 ................................................... 2,176 32,789 41,552 15.1 789 64

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used ......................... 386 3,210 111 8.3 28,892 34

Percent Lit When Closed

Zero .................................................. 1,964 17,385 18,080 8.9 962 42

1 to 50 .............................................. 1,882 30,948 37,362 16.4 828 58

51 to 100 ........................................... 136 2,093 2,777 15.4 754 59

Building Never Closed/

 Electricity Not Used ......................... 664 14,357 14,588 21.6 984 127

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ...................................... 476 8,814 10,754 18.5 820 64

 Packaged Heat Pumps ................... 278 5,442 7,472 19.6 728 64

 Split-System Heat Pumps ............... 166 2,581 2,769 15.5 932 61

 Individual Room Heat Pumps .......... 58 2,691 2,979 46.5 903 84

Furnaces ........................................... 1,864 19,615 18,616 10.5 1,054 57

Individual Space Heaters .................. 819 12,545 12,878 15.3 974 61

District Heat ...................................... 65 5,166 9,838 79.7 525 78

Boilers .............................................. 579 20,423 23,472 35.3 870 70

Packaged Heating Units ................... 953 18,021 22,588 18.9 798 69

Other ................................................ 205 3,262 3,475 15.9 939 63

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Number of 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total

Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Worker

Mean

Hours per 

Week

All Buildings*................................... 4,645 64,783 72,807 13.9 890 61

Table B1. Summary Table: Total and Means of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ............................... 1,006 11,035 11,438 11.0 965 57

Heat Pumps ...................................... 492 9,041 10,961 18.4 825 63

 Packaged Heat Pumps ................... 288 5,426 7,489 18.9 725 62

 Split-System Heat Pumps ............... 174 2,606 2,764 15.0 943 60

 Individual Room Heat Pumps .......... 58 2,940 3,262 50.7 901 84

Individual Air Conditioners ................ 742 12,558 11,477 16.9 1,094 66

District Chilled Water ........................ 33 2,853 7,189 86.7 397 79

Central Chillers ................................. 111 11,636 17,545 105.1 663 81

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ................................................ 1,613 29,969 35,810 18.6 837 69

Swamp Coolers ................................ 122 1,561 1,655 12.8 943 71

Other ................................................ 40 1,232 1,682 31.1 732 75

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1990 (more than one may apply)

Heating ............................................. 1,197 16,403 16,978 13.7 966 61

Cooling ............................................. 1,356 20,995 24,553 15.5 855 64

Water Heating Equipment

Centralized System ........................... 2,513 34,671 39,948 13.8 868 66

Distributed System ............................ 785 11,540 11,842 14.7 974 57

Combination of Centralized

 and Distributed System .................... 175 10,267 17,434 58.8 589 79

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent .................................... 2,184 38,528 48,802 17.6 789 66

Standard Fluorescent ........................ 3,943 59,688 70,943 15.1 841 62

Compact Fluorescent ........................ 941 27,571 36,563 29.3 754 73

High Intensity Discharge ................... 455 20,643 26,080 45.4 792 71

Halogen ............................................ 565 17,703 22,892 31.3 773 71

Other ................................................ 8 269 604 31.7 445 111

Refrigeration Equipment

(more than one may apply)

a

Any Refrigeration............................... 3,176 52,974 65,564 16.7 808 66

 Commercial Refrigeration ............... 1,007 26,768 32,287 26.6 829 86

 Walk-In Units ................................ 666 20,254 25,289 30.4 801 93

 Cases or Cabinets ........................ 825 20,424 25,417 24.8 804 87

 Residential-Type Units .................... 2,370 38,884 47,846 16.4 813 60

 Vending Machines .......................... 996 35,335 45,904 35.5 770 78

No Refrigeration ................................ 1,469 11,809 7,243 8.0 1,630 51

Office Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Computers ........................................ 3,081 55,627 69,046 18.1 806 65

 With Flat Screen Monitors ............... 877 26,417 42,188 30.1 626 68

Dedicated Servers ............................ 1,175 36,338 52,509 30.9 692 68

Laser Printers ................................... 1,970 33,012 40,085 16.8 824 64

Inkjet Printers .................................... 1,420 32,210 43,906 22.7 734 67

FAX Machines .................................. 2,715 52,373 66,994 19.3 782 66

Photocopiers ..................................... 1,939 46,257 61,340 23.9 754 63

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Number of 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total

Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Worker

Mean

Hours per 

Week

All Buildings*................................... 4,645 64,783 72,807 13.9 890 61

Table B1. Summary Table: Total and Means of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Number of Computers

None ................................................. 1,565 9,156 3,761 5.9 2,435 54

1 to 4 ................................................ 1,670 12,395 8,684 7.4 1,427 63

5 to 9 ................................................ 559 7,179 6,010 12.8 1,195 63

10 to 19 ............................................. 370 6,610 6,847 17.9 965 65

20 to 49 ............................................. 255 7,414 9,387 29.1 790 70

50 to 99 ............................................. 110 5,376 6,937 48.9 775 69

100 to 249 ......................................... 79 6,690 8,865 84.3 755 71

250 or More ...................................... 38 9,963 22,316 264.3 446 89

Number of Dedicated Servers

None ................................................. 3,471 28,445 20,298 8.2 1,401 59

1 to 4 ................................................ 1,060 24,116 26,711 22.8 903 67

5 to 9 ................................................ 58 3,864 6,045 67.0 639 83

10 to 19 ............................................. 30 3,027 8,615 100.1 351 84

20 to 49 ............................................. 17 2,583 4,793 150.0 539 77

50 or More ........................................ 10 2,748 6,345 276.6 433 87

Number of Photocopiers

None ................................................. 2,706 18,526 11,467 6.8 1,616 60

One ................................................... 1,250 15,475 12,549 12.4 1,233 60

2 to 4 ................................................ 549 15,082 17,284 27.5 873 65

5 to 9 ................................................ 85 5,515 10,674 64.7 517 83

10 or More ........................................ 54 10,185 20,833 187.2 489 80

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .......... 799 22,223 27,242 27.8 816 81

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ..................... 567 19,482 21,756 34.4 895 93

Separate Computer Area .................. 553 26,873 37,820 48.6 711 68

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ............. 466 19,597 30,768 42.1 637 71

Economizer Cycle ............................. 508 21,108 32,317 41.5 653 76

HVAC Maintenance .......................... 2,581 51,163 63,597 19.8 804 66

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ................... 252 15,630 21,642 62.0 722 69

Window and Interior Lighting

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ......................... 2,201 38,910 43,977 17.7 885 65

Tinted Window Glass ........................ 1,323 29,887 40,426 22.6 739 63

Reflective Window Glass .................. 308 8,544 12,301 27.8 695 65

External Overhangs

 or Awnings ....................................... 1,233 17,242 22,365 14.0 771 66

Skylights or Atriums .......................... 331 12,546 14,163 37.9 886 70

Daylighting Sensors .......................... 74 2,868 3,775 38.7 760 80

Specular Reflectors .......................... 928 26,118 33,030 28.2 791 65

Electronic Ballasts ............................ 2,577 46,882 59,003 18.2 795 65

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS)

 for Lighting ....................................... 60 4,781 7,098 80.1 674 81

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Number of 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total

Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Worker

Mean

Hours per 

Week

All Buildings*................................... 4,645 64,783 72,807 13.9 890 61

Table B1. Summary Table: Total and Means of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Equipment Usage Reduced

When Building Not In Full Use

(more than one may apply)

a

Heating ............................................. 2,878 42,722 49,300 14.8 867 56

Cooling ............................................. 2,761 43,205 53,990 15.6 800 59

Lighting ............................................. 3,685 46,987 56,421 12.7 833 52

Office Equipment .............................. 1,504 19,397 20,147 12.9 963 51

See "Guide to the Tables" or "Glossary" for further explanations of the terms used in this table. Both can be accessed from the

CBECS web site - http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.

 * Figures in this table do not include enclosed malls and strip malls. Mall buildings add an estimated 213 thousand buildings 

comprising 6.9 billion square feet.

a

 The definition for one or more of these row items has changed and may not be directly comparable with past CBECS estimates. 

See "Guide to the Tables" for discussion of the differences.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were 

sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Notes: ● HVAC = Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. ● Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 2003 Commercial 

Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Number of 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total 

Workers in 

All Buildings 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Building 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Worker

Median 

Hours per 

Week

Median 

Age of 

Buildings 

(years)

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 64,783 72,807 4.6 1,000 50 30.5

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 ................................... 2,552 6,789 9,936 2.4 750 48 30.5

5,001 to 10,000 ................................. 889 6,585 7,512 7.2 1,300 50 30.5

10,001 to 25,000 ............................... 738 11,535 10,787 15.0 1,611 55 28.5

25,001 to 50,000 ............................... 241 8,668 8,881 35.0 1,364 60 30.5

50,001 to 100,000 ............................. 129 9,057 8,432 67.0 1,500 60 25.5

100,001 to 200,000 ........................... 65 9,064 11,632 130.0 1,457 75 24.5

200,001 to 500,000 ........................... 25 7,176 6,883 260.0 1,750 85 31.5

Over 500,000 .................................... 7 5,908 8,744 700.0 785 144 23.5

Principal Building Activity

Education .......................................... 386 9,874 12,489 7.0 854 45 31.5

Food Sales ....................................... 226 1,255 1,430 2.8 1,094 107 30.5

Food Service ..................................... 297 1,654 3,129 3.5 550 84 28.5

Health Care ....................................... 129 3,163 6,317 6.0 540 45 23.5

 Inpatient .......................................... 8 1,905 3,716 106.0 530 168 31.5

 Outpatient ....................................... 121 1,258 2,600 6.0 540 45 23.5

Lodging ............................................. 142 5,096 2,457 12.5 2,633 168 30.5

Retail (Other Than Mall)..................... 443 4,317 3,463 4.8 1,250 54 35.5

Office ................................................ 824 12,208 28,154 4.0 525 46 28.5

Public Assembly ............................... 277 3,939 2,395 6.7 2,050 42 35.5

Public Order and Safety .................... 71 1,090 1,347 5.0 825 168 16.5

Religious Worship ............................. 370 3,754 1,706 6.0 2,400 20 43.5

Service .............................................. 622 4,050 3,667 2.8 1,160 50 29.5

Warehouse and Storage ................... 597 10,078 4,369 5.2 1,700 50 17.5

Other ................................................ 79 1,738 1,819 4.6 1,200 48 32.5

Vacant .............................................. 182 2,567 64 3.7 6,625 0 43.5

Year Constructed

Before 1920 ...................................... 330 3,769 3,045 5.0 1,225 45 105.5

1920 to 1945 ..................................... 527 6,871 6,122 4.0 1,167 48 73.5

1946 to 1959 ..................................... 562 7,045 6,646 4.0 1,120 45 51.5

1960 to 1969 ..................................... 579 8,101 8,708 5.0 986 52 39.5

1970 to 1979 ..................................... 731 10,772 12,597 5.4 1,060 50 29.5

1980 to 1989 ..................................... 707 10,332 15,032 3.7 825 50 19.5

1990 to 1999 ..................................... 876 12,360 16,181 4.8 971 54 7.5

2000 to 2003 ..................................... 334 5,533 4,476 5.2 1,150 54 2.5

Census Region and Division

Northeast .......................................... 726 12,905 14,908 5.0 833 56 43.5

 New England .................................. 233 2,964 3,155 4.5 889 56 38.5

 Middle Atlantic ................................ 493 9,941 11,752 5.5 800 55 43.5

Midwest ............................................ 1,266 17,080 16,373 4.1 1,078 50 32.5

 East North Central .......................... 696 11,595 11,489 4.8 1,000 50 33.5

 West North Central ......................... 571 5,485 4,883 3.6 1,150 48 28.5

South ................................................ 1,775 23,489 27,078 4.8 1,060 50 23.5

 South Atlantic ................................. 874 12,258 16,757 5.0 1,000 50 21.5

 East South Central .......................... 348 3,393 3,060 3.6 1,200 49 26.5

 West South Central ......................... 553 7,837 7,261 5.0 1,100 50 23.5

West ................................................. 878 11,310 14,448 4.4 970 50 32.5

 Mountain ......................................... 299 3,675 4,281 4.8 1,000 50 30.5

 Pacific ............................................. 580 7,635 10,168 4.1 917 50 32.5

Table B2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables
Number of 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total 

Workers in 

All Buildings 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Building 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Worker

Median 

Hours per 

Week

Median 

Age of 

Buildings 

(years)

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 64,783 72,807 4.6 1,000 50 30.5

Table B2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Climate Zone: 30-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

- More than 7,000 HDD ..................... 855 10,622 10,305 4.7 1,000 50 33.5

- 5,500-7,000 HDD ............................ 1,173 17,335 17,340 4.8 1,065 50 34.5

- 4,000-5,499 HDD ............................ 673 11,504 14,007 4.5 900 50 33.5

- Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 1,276 15,739 17,178 4.1 1,025 48 28.5

2,000 CDD or More and --

- Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................... 669 9,584 13,978 5.0 1,000 50 20.5

Number of Floors

One ................................................... 3,136 25,981 23,710 3.6 1,000 50 25.5

Two ................................................... 1,031 16,270 16,170 7.1 1,013 50 38.5

Three ................................................ 339 7,501 7,966 8.3 1,000 52 57.5

Four to Nine ...................................... 128 10,085 15,910 41.0 1,080 64 63.5

Ten or More ...................................... 12 4,947 9,051 255.0 667 95 31.5

Elevators and Escalators

(more than one may apply)

Any Elevators .................................... 309 24,617 36,562 38.5 906 60 30.5

Number of Elevators

 One ................................................. 208 8,221 9,079 26.0 952 55 33.5

 Two to Five ..................................... 88 10,129 15,894 89.0 906 80 25.5

 Six or More ..................................... 13 6,268 11,589 360.0 650 168 24.5

Any Escalators .................................. 6 2,350 4,048 190.0 1,000 65 34.5

Number of Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ..................................... 2,653 15,492 4,633 3.0 1,550 45 31.5

5 to 9 ................................................ 778 6,166 5,080 4.8 717 50 31.5

10 to 19 ............................................. 563 7,803 7,305 7.7 600 55 27.5

20 to 49 ............................................. 398 10,989 11,780 15.5 575 60 28.5

50 to 99 ............................................. 147 7,934 9,545 36.0 580 60 26.5

100 to 249 ......................................... 77 6,871 11,093 67.0 450 68 25.5

250 or More ...................................... 30 9,528 23,371 180.0 381 72 21.5

Weekly Operating Hours

Fewer than 40 ................................... 1,002 6,863 3,293 3.1 1,500 10 36.5

40 to 48 ............................................. 1,117 11,622 13,765 4.5 850 40 30.5

49 to 60 ............................................. 1,062 15,723 19,146 5.0 900 55 30.5

61 to 84 ............................................. 591 10,334 11,630 6.3 1,029 72 31.5

85 to 167 ........................................... 400 7,092 10,473 5.0 880 105 23.5

Open Continuously ........................... 475 13,149 14,499 5.7 1,250 168 20.5

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .................... 4,011 49,421 53,339 4.5 1,000 50 29.5

 Owner Occupied ............................. 1,841 23,591 27,111 5.0 1,000 50 31.5

 Nonowner Occupied ....................... 2,029 23,914 26,228 4.0 1,000 55 27.5

 Unoccupied ..................................... 141 1,916 0 3.7 N 0 43.5

Government Owned .......................... 635 15,363 19,468 6.2 975 45 31.5

 Federal ........................................... 46 1,956 2,432 6.6 900 60 34.5

 State ............................................... 164 3,808 7,204 5.5 808 45 30.5

 Local ............................................... 425 9,599 9,832 6.2 1,050 45 31.5

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ............................ 157 2,161 0 2.8 N 0 43.5

Mostly Vacant ................................... 25 406 64 11.3 6,625 20 38.5

Partially Vacant ................................. 548 12,382 16,997 5.7 1,053 50 28.5

Not At All Vacant .............................. 3,915 49,834 55,746 4.5 1,000 50 29.5

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Number of 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total 

Workers in 

All Buildings 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Building 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Worker

Median 

Hours per 

Week

Median 

Age of 

Buildings 

(years)

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 64,783 72,807 4.6 1,000 50 30.5

Table B2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Number of Establishments

One ................................................... 3,754 45,144 44,071 4.3 1,075 50 29.5

2 to 5 ................................................ 643 10,960 13,001 5.4 825 50 31.5

6 to 10 .............................................. 55 1,958 Q 20.0 586 60 28.5

11 to 20 ............................................. 23 1,951 3,342 34.0 614 55 19.5

More than 20 ..................................... 14 2,609 5,930 49.5 450 55 31.5

Currently Unoccupied ....................... 157 2,161 0 2.8 N 0 43.5

Predominant Exterior

Wall Material

Brick, Stone or Stucco ...................... 2,044 32,817 36,770 5.5 930 50 36.5

Concrete (Block or Poured) ............... 786 10,832 10,463 4.0 1,025 50 34.5

Concrete Panels ............................... 131 6,559 10,891 12.8 950 55 21.5

Siding or Shingles ............................. 779 4,120 4,567 2.6 775 49 30.5

Metal Panels ..................................... 825 7,912 6,235 4.7 1,500 49 17.5

Window Glass ................................... 17 1,024 1,910 10.0 833 60 28.5

Other ................................................ 47 1,113 1,541 3.6 1,333 50 32.5

No One Major Type ........................... 18 406 430 8.5 1,025 50 22.5

Predominant Roof Material

Built-Up ............................................. 1,036 21,170 25,828 5.6 833 54 36.5

Shingles (Not Wood) ......................... 1,325 10,195 10,462 3.9 1,000 48 33.5

Metal Surfacing ................................. 1,288 11,944 8,461 4.5 1,400 50 18.5

Synthetic or Rubber .......................... 511 14,730 20,783 8.0 833 60 38.5

Slate or Tile ...................................... 263 2,462 3,021 4.0 750 50 30.5

Wooden Materials ............................. 122 887 973 2.5 750 45 38.5

Concrete ........................................... 61 2,231 1,958 6.0 573 58 35.5

Other ................................................ 16 598 652 14.5 878 51 21.5

No One Major Type ........................... 25 565 669 8.0 857 70 38.5

Renovations in Buildings

Constructed Before 1980

(more than one may apply)

Any Type of Renovation

 Since 1980 ....................................... 1,018 17,844 20,481 5.4 1,000 50 48.5

 Addition or Annex ........................... 256 6,551 6,668 6.4 1,000 55 41.5

 Reduction In Floorspace ................ 22 1,012 1,078 23.8 1,333 70 51.5

 Cosmetic Improvements ................ 741 13,119 15,890 5.2 1,000 50 50.5

 Wall or Roof Replacement ............. 370 8,070 10,121 6.1 1,050 50 48.5

 Interior Wall

 Re-Configuration ........................... 411 8,518 11,188 5.8 867 50 48.5

 HVAC Equipment Upgrade ............ 442 10,768 13,849 8.0 975 51 49.5

 Lighting Upgrade ............................ 455 10,275 12,452 7.8 933 50 50.5

 Window Replacement .................... 310 6,354 7,462 6.5 938 50 51.5

 Plumbing System Upgrade ............ 315 7,144 8,764 7.5 984 55 53.5

 Insulation Upgrade ......................... 227 4,015 5,019 4.5 950 47 53.5

 Other Renovation ........................... 19 523 476 10.5 1,550 75 66.5

No Renovations Since 1980 .............. 1,710 18,714 16,637 4.3 1,133 48 43.5

Building Newer than 1980 ................. 1,917 28,225 35,689 4.5 920 50 10.5

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Number of 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total 

Workers in 

All Buildings 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Building 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Worker

Median 

Hours per 

Week

Median 

Age of 

Buildings 

(years)

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 64,783 72,807 4.6 1,000 50 30.5

Table B2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 4,404 63,307 72,708 4.8 1,000 50 30.5

Natural Gas ...................................... 2,391 43,468 51,956 5.9 960 54 33.5

Fuel Oil ............................................. 451 15,157 19,625 5.6 1,150 50 38.5

District Heat ...................................... 67 5,443 10,190 26.5 950 60 41.5

District Chilled Water ........................ 33 2,853 7,189 38.0 833 70 28.5

Propane ............................................ 502 7,076 5,858 4.1 1,175 50 26.5

Wood ................................................ 62 289 262 2.4 1,500 40 35.5

Coal .................................................. Q Q Q 3.7 1,159 50 26.5

Solar ................................................. Q Q Q 2.4 2,400 112 18.5

Other ................................................ 61 909 1,190 7.0 1,200 50 29.5

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 1,766 28,600 33,903 5.0 900 50 25.5

Natural Gas ...................................... 2,165 36,959 40,933 5.8 971 50 33.5

Fuel Oil ............................................. 360 5,988 5,386 4.8 1,200 49 45.5

District Heat ...................................... 65 5,198 9,939 25.0 950 60 41.5

Propane ............................................ 372 3,204 3,002 3.5 1,200 45 23.5

Wood ................................................ 59 261 191 2.4 1,500 40 35.5

Coal .................................................. Q Q Q 3.7 1,167 50 26.5

Solar ................................................. Q Q Q 112.0 320 55 37.5

Other ................................................ 41 475 527 6.0 1,344 50 27.5

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity .......................................... 1,258 15,996 19,392 4.3 890 50 23.5

Natural Gas ...................................... 1,999 32,970 36,773 5.6 950 50 34.5

Fuel Oil ............................................. 282 3,818 2,669 4.0 1,200 48 48.5

District Heat ...................................... 63 4,907 9,729 25.0 917 60 41.5

Propane ............................................ 308 1,955 1,915 3.3 1,125 45 23.5

Wood ................................................ Q Q Q 2.2 1,500 40 35.5

Coal .................................................. Q Q Q 2.5 1,100 44 27.5

Solar.................................................. N N N N N N N

Other ................................................ Q Q Q 4 1,667 45 28

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 3,589 54,321 63,221 5.0 933 50 29.5

Natural Gas ...................................... 17 1,018 1,342 12.8 756 60 25.5

District Chilled Water ........................ 33 2,853 7,189 38.0 833 70 28.5

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 1,910 27,490 32,638 5.0 975 50 27.5

Natural Gas ...................................... 1,445 28,820 35,740 6.7 938 56 33.5

Fuel Oil ............................................. 94 1,880 2,036 5.5 1,040 63 47.5

District Heat ...................................... 27 3,088 4,193 39.5 725 78 39.5

Propane ............................................ 128 1,422 1,527 5.0 875 66 32.5

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity .......................................... 410 13,161 16,034 7.0 867 72 29.5

Natural Gas ...................................... 457 15,438 19,011 7.0 833 77 33.5

Propane ............................................ 108 1,460 1,866 4.1 717 77 30.5

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Number of 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total 

Workers in 

All Buildings 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Building 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Worker

Median 

Hours per 

Week

Median 

Age of 

Buildings 

(years)

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 64,783 72,807 4.6 1,000 50 30.5

Table B2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ............ 3,982 60,028 70,778 5.0 980 50 30.5

Buildings with Cooling ....................... 3,625 56,940 70,153 5.0 932 50 29.5

Buildings with Water Heating ............ 3,472 56,478 69,224 5.1 938 50 30.5

Buildings with Cooking ...................... 801 22,237 27,242 6.4 833 72 31.5

Buildings with Manufacturing ............ 119 3,138 2,879 8.0 1,143 50 30.5

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ....................................... 149 12,821 19,273 30.0 843 78 23.5

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated ....................................... 663 4,756 2,029 3.2 1,250 49 23.5

1 to 50 .............................................. 523 6,850 4,135 5.0 1,500 50 29.5

51 to 99 ............................................. 498 8,107 9,618 5.0 933 54 33.5

100 ................................................... 2,962 45,071 57,024 4.8 889 50 30.5

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled ........................................ 1,020 7,843 2,654 3.2 1,500 42 33.5

1 to 50 .............................................. 985 16,598 11,094 6.9 1,500 50 32.5

51 to 99 ............................................. 629 13,211 16,510 6.1 900 56 31.5

100 ................................................... 2,011 27,132 42,549 4.2 730 50 27.5

Percent Lit When Open

Zero .................................................. 47 293 95 3.6 1,700 168 9.5

1 to 50 .............................................. 929 10,203 4,414 4.6 1,800 50 36.5

51 to 99 ............................................. 1,108 18,288 26,635 5.6 900 50 30.5

100 ................................................... 2,176 32,789 41,552 4.8 800 50 28.5

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used ......................... 386 3,210 111 3.2 1,750 0 28.5

Percent Lit When Closed

Zero .................................................. 1,964 17,385 18,080 3.6 1,114 44 30.5

1 to 50 .............................................. 1,882 30,948 37,362 5.5 889 53 31.5

51 to 100 ........................................... 136 2,093 2,777 4.1 775 54 28.5

Building Never Closed/

 Electricity Not Used ......................... 664 14,357 14,588 4.8 1,450 168 20.5

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ...................................... 476 8,814 10,754 5.0 857 50 21.5

 Packaged Heat Pumps ................... 278 5,442 7,472 5.0 860 50 23.5

 Split-System Heat Pumps ............... 166 2,581 2,769 4.7 900 50 19.5

 Individual Room Heat Pumps .......... 58 2,691 2,979 18.3 953 55 31.5

Furnaces ........................................... 1,864 19,615 18,616 4.6 1,025 50 33.5

Individual Space Heaters .................. 819 12,545 12,878 5.0 1,000 50 32.5

District Heat ...................................... 65 5,166 9,838 23.3 957 60 41.5

Boilers .............................................. 579 20,423 23,472 11.5 1,068 55 46.5

Packaged Heating Units ................... 953 18,021 22,588 6.0 800 54 23.5

Other ................................................ 205 3,262 3,475 4.2 1,250 50 27.5

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Number of 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total 

Workers in 

All Buildings 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Building 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Worker

Median 

Hours per 

Week

Median 

Age of 

Buildings 

(years)

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 64,783 72,807 4.6 1,000 50 30.5

Table B2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ............................... 1,006 11,035 11,438 4.2 900 50 30.5

Heat Pumps ...................................... 492 9,041 10,961 5.0 867 50 21.5

 Packaged Heat Pumps ................... 288 5,426 7,489 5.0 867 50 22.5

 Split-System Heat Pumps ............... 174 2,606 2,764 4.0 1,000 50 19.5

 Individual Room Heat Pumps .......... 58 2,940 3,262 18.3 940 55 30.5

Individual Air Conditioners ................ 742 12,558 11,477 5.0 1,158 50 40.5

District Chilled Water ........................ 33 2,853 7,189 38.0 833 70 28.5

Central Chillers ................................. 111 11,636 17,545 48.0 889 60 30.5

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ................................................ 1,613 29,969 35,810 6.5 880 55 28.5

Swamp Coolers ................................ 122 1,561 1,655 5.8 1,273 52 30.5

Other ................................................ 40 1,232 1,682 15.0 875 60 28.5

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1990 (more than one may apply)

Heating ............................................. 1,197 16,403 16,978 5.0 1,050 50 38.5

Cooling ............................................. 1,356 20,995 24,553 5.5 968 50 39.5

Water Heating Equipment

Centralized System ........................... 2,513 34,671 39,948 5.0 900 53 29.5

Distributed System ............................ 785 11,540 11,842 5.0 1,018 48 31.5

Combination of Centralized

 and Distributed System .................... 175 10,267 17,434 23.3 958 60 28.5

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent .................................... 2,184 38,528 48,802 5.2 1,000 51 34.5

Standard Fluorescent ........................ 3,943 59,688 70,943 5.0 1,000 50 30.5

Compact Fluorescent ........................ 941 27,571 36,563 8.0 850 58 29.5

High Intensity Discharge ................... 455 20,643 26,080 14.0 1,214 60 25.5

Halogen ............................................ 565 17,703 22,892 8.5 800 56 25.5

Other ................................................ 8 269 604 2.9 375 119 20.5

Refrigeration Equipment

(more than one may apply)

a

Any Refrigeration............................... 3,176 52,974 65,564 5.0 933 54 30.5

 Commercial Refrigeration ............... 1,007 26,768 32,287 5.5 900 80 30.5

 Walk-In Units ................................ 666 20,254 25,289 5.1 833 84 28.5

 Cases or Cabinets ........................ 825 20,424 25,417 5.0 900 80 31.5

 Residential-Type Units .................... 2,370 38,884 47,846 5.3 938 50 30.5

 Vending Machines .......................... 996 35,335 45,904 12.0 1,000 60 28.5

No Refrigeration ................................ 1,469 11,809 7,243 3.6 1,200 42 30.5

Office Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Computers ........................................ 3,081 55,627 69,046 6.0 896 50 28.5

 With Flat Screen Monitors ............... 877 26,417 42,188 8.3 700 53 27.5

Dedicated Servers ............................ 1,175 36,338 52,509 10.0 692 55 26.5

Laser Printers ................................... 1,970 33,012 40,085 6.0 960 50 30.5

Inkjet Printers .................................... 1,420 32,210 43,906 7.1 781 51 27.5

FAX Machines .................................. 2,715 52,373 66,994 6.0 833 52 29.5

Photocopiers ..................................... 1,939 46,257 61,340 8.0 808 50 29.5

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Number of 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total 

Workers in 

All Buildings 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Building 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Worker

Median 

Hours per 

Week

Median 

Age of 

Buildings 

(years)

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 64,783 72,807 4.6 1,000 50 30.5

Table B2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Number of Computers

None ................................................. 1,565 9,156 3,761 2.8 1,333 42 32.5

1 to 4 ................................................ 1,670 12,395 8,684 4.0 1,200 50 30.5

5 to 9 ................................................ 559 7,179 6,010 6.1 750 50 27.5

10 to 19 ............................................. 370 6,610 6,847 8.3 650 50 25.5

20 to 49 ............................................. 255 7,414 9,387 15.5 596 55 28.5

50 to 99 ............................................. 110 5,376 6,937 30.0 632 55 28.5

100 to 249 ......................................... 79 6,690 8,865 65.0 738 60 27.5

250 or More ...................................... 38 9,963 22,316 158.0 571 70 24.5

Number of Dedicated Servers

None ................................................. 3,471 28,445 20,298 3.6 1,200 50 31.5

1 to 4 ................................................ 1,060 24,116 26,711 8.9 738 54 26.5

5 to 9 ................................................ 58 3,864 6,045 30.0 538 60 20.5

10 to 19 ............................................. 30 3,027 8,615 45.0 375 65 21.5

20 to 49 ............................................. 17 2,583 4,793 52.0 433 60 24.5

50 or More ........................................ 10 2,748 6,345 100.0 278 60 38.5

Number of Photocopiers

None ................................................. 2,706 18,526 11,467 3.2 1,200 50 30.5

One ................................................... 1,250 15,475 12,549 6.0 988 50 30.5

2 to 4 ................................................ 549 15,082 17,284 12.0 675 54 28.5

5 to 9 ................................................ 85 5,515 10,674 33.0 520 60 26.5

10 or More ........................................ 54 10,185 20,833 92.0 443 60 24.5

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .......... 799 22,223 27,242 6.5 833 72 31.5

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ..................... 567 19,482 21,756 10.0 1,125 76 31.5

Separate Computer Area .................. 553 26,873 37,820 16.0 750 54 26.5

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ............. 466 19,597 30,768 11.0 740 58 21.5

Economizer Cycle ............................. 508 21,108 32,317 11.0 794 60 23.5

HVAC Maintenance .......................... 2,581 51,163 63,597 6.0 900 52 28.5

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ................... 252 15,630 21,642 23.8 880 60 20.5

Window and Interior Lighting

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ......................... 2,201 38,910 43,977 5.6 975 50 25.5

Tinted Window Glass ........................ 1,323 29,887 40,426 6.8 953 53 25.5

Reflective Window Glass .................. 308 8,544 12,301 6.0 867 50 23.5

External Overhangs

 or Awnings ....................................... 1,233 17,242 22,365 5.0 933 54 30.5

Skylights or Atriums .......................... 331 12,546 14,163 9.9 1,333 56 24.5

Daylighting Sensors .......................... 74 2,868 3,775 8.2 1,025 60 25.5

Specular Reflectors .......................... 928 26,118 33,030 7.0 900 50 27.5

Electronic Ballasts ............................ 2,577 46,882 59,003 5.2 1,000 50 28.5

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS)

 for Lighting ....................................... 60 4,781 7,098 25.0 833 65 14.5

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED
Number of 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total 

Workers in 

All Buildings 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Building 

(thousand)

Median 

Square Feet 

per Worker

Median 

Hours per 

Week

Median 

Age of 

Buildings 

(years)

All Buildings* .................................. 4,645 64,783 72,807 4.6 1,000 50 30.5

Table B2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of Workers, 

and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Equipment Usage Reduced

When Building Not In Full Use

(more than one may apply)

a

Heating ............................................. 2,878 42,722 49,300 5.0 980 50 31.5

Cooling ............................................. 2,761 43,205 53,990 5.0 920 50 30.5

Lighting ............................................. 3,685 46,987 56,421 4.8 975 50 31.5

Office Equipment .............................. 1,504 19,397 20,147 5.0 975 48 30.5

See "Guide to the Tables" or "Glossary" for further explanations of the terms used in this table. Both can be accessed from the CBECS 

web site - http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.

 * Figures in this table do not include enclosed malls and strip malls. Mall buildings add an estimated 213 thousand buildings comprising 

6.9 billion square feet.

a

 The definition for one or more of these row items has changed and may not be directly comparable with past CBECS estimates. See 

"Guide to the Tables" for discussion of the differences.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Notes: ● HVAC = Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. ● Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 2003 Commercial Buildings

Energy Consumption Survey. 

Energy Information Administration

2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables

CONTINUED