U.S. flag
        An official website of the United States government
          Here’s how you know
        Here’s how you know**Official websites use .gov**
              
                A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
        **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
              
                A **lock** (
              A locked padlock
              ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
                information only on official, secure websites.  Home
                    *U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission*

      search
      Menu
      Any of these words (optional)
Search

    close
            About EEOC
          
                        
  
    **About EEOC**
                        Overview
                                  The Commission and The General Counsel
                                  Commission Votes
                                  Meetings of the Commission
                                  EEOC History
                                  **News and Information**
                        Newsroom
                                  What You Should Know
                                  Legislative Affairs
                                  Publications
                                  Outreach and Education
                                  FOIA
              **Laws and Enforcement**
                        Laws, Regulations, Guidance and MOUs
                                  Discrimination by Type
                                  Mediation
                                  Litigation
                                  Systemic Enforcement
                                  Commissioner Charges and Directed Investigations
              **Programs and Performance**
                        Budget and Performance
                                  Initiatives
                                  Interagency Programs
                                  State and Local Programs
                                  Task Forces
                                  Tribal Programs
              **Data and Analytics**
                        Overview
                                  Data Governance
                                  EEO Data Collections
                                  Data and Statistics
                                  Data Tools and Products
                                  No FEAR Act Data
                                  **Inside EEOC**
                        Careers
                                  Office for Civil Rights, Diversity and Inclusion
                                  Doing Business with EEOC
                                  Privacy
                                  Office of Inspector General
          
                                            
  
      
                  
                        Employees & Job Applicants
          
                        
  
    **Employees & Applicants**
                        Overview
                                  Coverage
                                  Timeliness
                                  Prohibited Practices
              **Filing a Charge of Discrimination**
                        Filing a Charge
                                  How to File
                                  After You File a Charge
                                  Confidentiality
                                  Mediation
                                  Remedies
                                  Existing Charges
                                  Filing a Lawsuit
              **Discrimination by Type**
                        Age
                                  Disability
                                  Equal Pay
                                  Genetic Information
                                  Harassment
                                  National Origin Discrimination
                                  Pregnancy Discrimination
                                  Race/Color Discrimination
                                  Religious Discrimination
                                  Retaliation
                                  Sex
                                  Sexual Harassment
                                  Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
          
                                  
  
      
                  
                        Employers / Small Business
          
                        
  
    **Employers / Small Business**
                        Overview
                                  Coverage
                                  After a Charge is Filed
                                  Resolving a Charge
                                  Commissioner Charges and Directed Investigations
                                  Remedies
              **Small Business Resource Center**
                        Small Business Home
                                  Small Business Requirements
                                  Frequently Asked Questions
                                  Tips for Small Businesses
                                  Making an Employment Decision?
                                  EEOC Resources
                                  Small Business Assistance
                                  Small Business Fact Sheet
                                  Small Business Videos
                                  EEOC Glossary
                                  Contact Us
              **Discrimination by Type**
                        Age
                                  Disability
                                  Equal Compensation
                                  Genetic Information
                                  Harassment
                                  National Origin
                                  Pregnancy
                                  Race/Color
                                  Religion
                                  Retaliation
                                  Sex
                                  Sexual Harassment
                                  Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
                                  Prohibited Practices
              Recordkeeping
                                  EEO Data Collections
                                  "Know Your Rights" Poster
                                  Training
                                  Other Employment Issues
          
                                            
  
      
                  
                        Federal Sector
          
                        
  
    **Federal Agencies**
                        Overview
                                  Federal EEO Coordination
                                  Federal Agency EEO Directors
                                  Laws, Regulations, Guidance & MOUs
                                  Management Directives & Federal Sector Guidance
                                  Federal Training & Outreach
                                  Resources
              **Federal Employees & Job Applicants**
                        Overview
                                  Federal Complaint Process
                                  Federal Sector Alternative Dispute Resolution
                                  Discrimination by Type
                                  Other Federal Protections
                                  Prohibited Practices
                                  Resources
          
                        
  
      
                  
                        Contact Us
          
                        
  
    Contact EEOC
                                  Find Your Nearest Office
                                  Office Operating Status
                                  Frequently Asked Questions

        
                  Languages
    English
              Español (Spanish)
                    Resources in Other Languages
                    عربي (Arabic)
              简体中文 (Chinese, Simplified)
              繁體中文 - Chinese (Traditional)
              Kreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole)
              한국어 (Korean)
              Русском (Russian)
              Tagalog (Tagalog)
              Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)
              فارسی (Persian. Farsi)
              پښتو (Pashto)
          

  

  Breadcrumb
Home
  繁體中文信息
  EEOC 實施《美國殘障法修正案》的最終規定內容說明

                      
                        

          
          
                        EEOC 實施《美國殘障法修正案》的最終規定內容說明
            

      Translate this Page
    عربي (Arabic)简体中文 (Chinese, Simplified)繁體中文 - Chinese (Traditional)EnglishKreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole)한국어 (Korean)Русском (Russian)Español (Spanish)Tagalog (Tagalog)Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)
              Issuing Authority
          

  本文件經美國平等就業機會委員會主席批准發布。該文件的英文版用詞選擇經過仔細審查,且經該機構領導批准,是唯一的官方指南。此譯文是為需要譯文的人提供的,但不是官方指南,因為此譯文沒有經過同樣嚴格的審查和批准程序。
        

  OLC Control Number
                                              EEOC-NVTA-2011-3


        

  Concise Display Name
                                              Fact Sheet on 2011 ADAAA Regulations


        

  Issue Date
                                              05-03-2011


        

  General Topics
                                              Disability


                

  Summary
                                              This document explains changes to the EEOC’s regulations on disability discrimination necessitated by the Americans With Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008


        

  Citation
                                              29 CFR Part 1630; 42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.; Pub. L. 110-325


        

  Document Applicant
                                              Employers, Employees, Disability Program Officials, Applicants, Individuals with Disabilities


        

  Previous Revision
                                              No


        Disclaimer
          

  The contents of this document do not have the force and effect of law and are not meant to bind the public in any way. This document is intended only to provide clarity to the public regarding existing requirements under the law or agency policies.2008 年《美國殘障法修正案》(ADAAA) 於 2008 年 9 月 25 日頒布,並於 2009 年 1 月 1 日生效。該法律對《美國殘障法》(ADA) 中“殘障”的定義進行了多項重大修改。該法案還引發美國平等就業機會委員會 (EEOC) 修改其 ADA 法規以反映 ADAAA 所做的更改。 EEOC 於 2009 年 9 月 23 日發布了擬議規則制定通知 (NPRM)。最終規定經兩黨投票批准,並於 2011 年 3 月 25 日在聯邦公報上公佈。

**在頒布****ADAAA****的過程中,國會讓那些尋求****ADA****保護的個人,能夠更容易確定他****/****她符合法規所定義的殘障。** 國會推翻了最高法院的幾項裁決,因為這些裁決對“殘障”的定義過於狹隘,導致許多患有癌症、糖尿病和癲癇等疾病的人得不到保護。 ADAAA 指出,殘障的定義應該廣泛適用更多的人。

**EEOC****法規執行****ADAAA****的規定****——****特別是國會要求廣義解釋殘障的定義。** ADAAA,法規保留了ADA 對“殘障”的定義,即因為身體或精神障礙而限制了個人一項或多項主要生活活動的能力;具有殘障的記錄(或病史);或被視為殘障。但這些法規反映出了國會就解釋條款上所做的重大改變。

**該法規落實了國會的的意圖,通過採用****“****解釋規則****”****、制定可預測、一致和可行的標準** ,以確定個人是否在日常生活活動方面受到嚴重限制。這些解釋規則直接來自法規和立法歷史,包括以下內容:

**“明****顯限制****”****一詞要求的功能受程度低於法院先前採用的標準** 。損傷不需要妨礙或嚴重或顯著限制個人的主要生活和活動。儘管如此,並非每一種損傷都會構成殘障。
	**“明****顯限制****”****一詞應**在ADA條款允許的最大範圍內**作廣義解釋**。
	判斷損傷是否限制了主要生活活動**需要進行個人評估**,在ADAAA生效前也是如此。
	除了一項例外(“普通眼鏡或隱形眼鏡”)之外,應確定損傷是否明顯限制了主要生活活動時,**不須考慮緩解措施的改善效果**,例如藥物或助聽器。
	如果殘障或疾病發作時會嚴重限制主要的生活活動,則間歇性或緩解期的損傷構成殘障 。
	根據國會的指示,ADA 認定是否發生歧視的重點在於,**殘障的確定不需要過度的分析**。

**按照****ADAAA****的規定,還使個人更容易根據****“****殘障****”****定義下****“****被當作****”****的用詞來證明適用範圍。**由於法院解釋,個人之前很難在“被當作”的定義下證明適用的範圍。而根據 ADAAA,證明適用範圍的重點是個人因身體或精神障礙(非暫時的和輕微的)而受到什麼樣的對待,而不是由雇主決定個人的殘障性質是什麼。

**然而,條例明確規定,個人必須符合法律規定的第一個部分(****“****實際殘障****”****)或第二個部分(****“****殘障記錄****”****)才有資格獲得合理便利** 。條例指出,如果個人不對不提供合理便利提出的雇主抗議,則通常沒有必要按照第一或第二個條例規定的部分進行處理。

**最終法規在許多方面與****原先昭告的法規原則****(NPRM)****不同。** 最終條例修改或刪除針對代表雇主或殘障人利益的團體的內容,一方面令人不解,另一方面它的用語並不符合EEOC本意。例如:

最終法規並未列舉那些“持續不變的”、“有時”或“通常不會”的殘障定義(像NPRM規定那樣),而是提供了九個解釋規則來指導、分析和解釋,於是根據這些原則,**形成了一些障礙幾乎總是符合殘障的條件。** 條例還提供了一些很容易被認定為殘障的損傷,**包括癲癇、糖尿病、癌症、****HIV****感染和躁鬱症**。
	**有關****NPRM****中描述如何證明個人在****“****工作****”****上受到明顯限制的語言已從最終條例中刪除並移至附錄**中(與處理其他主要生活活動的方式一致)。最終法規還保留了“現有類別或範圍”這類的熟悉語言,而不是又提出一個新術語,並且也提供了可以被認為在工作中受到嚴重限制的個案。
	**最終條例保留了**NPRM 建議刪除的**“****條件、方式或持續時間****”****的概念,** 並解釋說,雖然可能沒必要考慮這些因素來確定損傷是否實質上限制了個人主要生活和·活動,但在某些情況下這些因素仍可能是相關的。

**本委員會發布了兩份關於這些法規的問答文件,以幫助公眾和雇主(包括小企業)了解法律和新條例。** ADAAA條例和隨附的問答文件可在 EEOC 網站上找到,網址是www.eeoc.gov.Return to top

  EEOC Logo, Image
            U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

          EEOC Headquarters
              131 M Street, NE
Washington, DC 205071-800-669-6820 (TTY)1-844-234-5122 (ASL Video Phone)

        Questions?

Call 1-800-669-4000
For Deaf/Hard of Hearing callers:1-800-669-6820 (TTY)1-844-234-5122 (ASL Video Phone)info@eeoc.govFind your nearest EEOC officeFrequently Asked Questions
          Connect With Us

  FOIA
      
    
                      Privacy Policy
      
    
                      Disclaimer
      
    
                      Accessibility
      
    
                      Office of Inspector General
      
    
                      Promoting Access to Voting
      
    
                      USA.gov