Release date: April 2015

Revised date3

: January 2017

Residentialtype

central

air

conditionersHeat

pumps

Individual

air

conditioners

District 

chilled 

water

Central 

chillers

Packaged

air

conditioning 

units

Swamp 

coolers Other

All buildings 87,093 79,294 14,765 12,538 12,420 4,608 17,041 45,153 1,918 328

Building floorspace (square feet)

1,001 to 5,000 8,041 6,124 2,350 983 1,027 Q Q 2,154 155 Q

5,001 to 10,000 8,900 7,304 2,968 1,193 972 Q Q 3,082 Q N

10,001 to 25,000 14,105 12,357 3,883 1,457 1,855 145 631 6,557 Q Q

25,001 to 50,000 11,917 10,813 2,526 1,866 1,606 Q 1,095 6,466 Q Q

50,001 to 100,000 13,918 13,069 1,395 2,825 1,956 567 2,724 8,705 441 Q

100,001 to 200,000 12,415 12,152 895 1,718 1,652 1,273 3,211 7,447 Q Q

200,001 to 500,000 10,724 10,518 610 1,422 2,091 1,064 5,127 6,702 Q Q

Over 500,000 7,074 6,958 Q 1,073 1,262 1,306 4,145 4,039 Q Q

Principal building activity

Education 12,239 11,811 912 2,304 2,074 1,292 4,127 5,934 Q Q

Food sales 1,252 1,190 357 Q Q N Q 748 Q N

Food service 1,819 1,712 471 189 204 Q Q 954 85 N

Health care 4,155 4,148 415 738 615 523 2,455 2,374 Q Q

 Inpatient 2,374 2,374 Q 515 537 477 1,883 1,385 Q Q

 Outpatient 1,781 1,774 349 223 Q Q 572 989 Q Q

Lodging 5,826 5,700 749 1,124 2,349 Q 1,658 2,379 Q Q

Mercantile 11,330 11,121 2,510 1,716 763 N 419 9,094 415 N

Retail (other than mall) 5,439 5,230 921 506 432 N Q 3,606 Q N

Enclosed and strip malls 5,890 5,890 1,589 1,210 331 N Q 5,487 Q N

Office 15,952 15,882 2,270 2,913 2,184 1,096 5,050 7,993 Q Q

Public assembly 5,559 5,235 948 661 628 880 1,038 2,672 Q Q

Public order and safety 1,440 1,384 248 Q Q Q 416 804 Q Q

Religious worship 4,557 4,271 1,632 714 712 Q Q 2,229 Q Q

Service 4,630 3,773 1,143 414 701 N Q 1,854 Q Q

Warehouse and storage 13,077 10,120 2,567 1,216 1,566 N 465 6,472 Q Q

Other 2,002 1,820 382 Q Q Q 479 969 Q Q

Vacant 3,256 1,125 Q Q Q Q Q 678 Q Q

Year constructed

Before 1920 3,983 3,087 755 333 1,069 Q 404 1,430 Q N

1920 to 1945 6,025 5,215 1,311 775 1,424 Q 1,370 2,711 Q Q

1946 to 1959 7,381 6,679 996 1,097 1,485 203 1,755 3,674 Q Q

1960 to 1969 10,362 9,634 2,075 1,300 1,740 923 2,052 5,552 299 Q

1970 to 1979 10,846 10,031 2,044 1,330 1,649 811 2,371 5,445 207 Q

1980 to 1989 15,230 14,011 2,503 2,556 1,768 310 3,210 8,585 267 Q

1990 to 1999 13,803 12,402 2,386 2,214 1,425 664 2,276 7,222 344 Q

2000 to 2003 7,215 6,939 1,102 800 614 Q 1,311 4,000 Q Q

2004 to 2007 6,524 6,071 805 1,195 744 418 1,122 3,644 Q Q

2008 to 2012 5,723 5,225 786 939 503 Q 1,169 2,890 Q N

Table B41. Cooling equipment, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

cooling

Cooling equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings
Residentialtype

central

air

conditionersHeat

pumps

Individual

air

conditioners

District 

chilled 

water

Central 

chillers

Packaged

air

conditioning 

units

Swamp 

coolers Other

All buildings 87,093 79,294 14,765 12,538 12,420 4,608 17,041 45,153 1,918 328

Table B41. Cooling equipment, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

cooling

Cooling equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings

Census region and division

Northeast 15,534 13,949 1,695 1,490 3,845 794 3,489 8,697 Q Q

New England 4,302 3,482 451 388 1,035 Q 783 2,062 Q Q

Middle Atlantic 11,232 10,467 1,244 1,103 2,810 656 2,706 6,635 Q Q

Midwest 18,919 17,144 4,347 1,024 2,585 585 4,475 9,816 Q Q

East North Central 12,742 11,675 2,854 604 1,806 420 3,484 6,839 Q Q

West North Central 6,178 5,469 1,493 421 779 Q 991 2,977 N Q

South 34,279 31,734 5,895 7,108 4,263 2,479 6,460 17,185 469 Q

South Atlantic 17,981 17,094 2,574 4,925 2,484 1,202 3,884 9,119 Q Q

East South Central 4,904 4,710 891 839 808 Q 831 2,686 N N

West South Central 11,394 9,931 2,429 1,344 971 773 1,746 5,379 Q Q

West 18,360 16,467 2,828 2,916 1,727 749 2,617 9,455 1,340 Q

Mountain 4,981 4,489 668 672 565 Q 920 2,314 722 Q

Pacific 13,379 11,978 2,160 2,244 1,162 329 1,697 7,141 617 Q

Climate region1

Very cold/Cold 31,898 28,228 5,468 2,457 5,046 1,227 6,757 16,452 680 Q

Mixed-humid 27,873 26,365 4,620 6,173 4,683 2,027 5,913 14,627 Q Q

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 12,037 10,887 2,250 1,876 1,025 Q 1,348 6,306 710 Q

Hot-humid 12,831 11,624 2,319 1,451 1,344 752 2,474 6,449 Q Q

Marine 2,454 2,190 Q 581 322 Q 549 1,318 Q Q

Number of floors

One 39,809 34,156 8,638 5,319 3,436 219 2,072 21,523 1,161 Q

Two 20,206 19,012 4,035 3,056 3,034 578 3,075 11,281 357 Q

Three 8,140 7,734 1,185 1,155 1,960 404 2,116 3,795 Q Q

Four to nine 13,535 13,036 816 2,029 2,851 2,523 5,873 6,087 Q Q

Ten or more 5,404 5,356 Q 979 1,138 883 3,905 2,466 Q Q

Number of workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 17,751 11,595 3,835 1,498 1,963 Q 531 4,823 181 Q

5 to 9 8,973 8,238 2,699 1,127 1,204 Q 334 3,980 196 Q

10 to 19 9,623 9,190 2,854 1,442 1,348 Q 475 5,020 Q Q

20 to 49 14,514 14,219 2,827 2,657 2,253 505 1,765 9,001 312 Q

50 to 99 13,476 13,323 1,445 2,538 1,630 683 3,087 9,135 461 Q

100 to 249 10,941 10,913 886 1,358 1,868 982 3,736 6,713 Q Q

250 or more 11,815 11,815 218 1,918 2,153 1,986 7,112 6,481 Q Q
Residentialtype

central

air

conditionersHeat

pumps

Individual

air

conditioners

District 

chilled 

water

Central 

chillers

Packaged

air

conditioning 

units

Swamp 

coolers Other

All buildings 87,093 79,294 14,765 12,538 12,420 4,608 17,041 45,153 1,918 328

Table B41. Cooling equipment, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

cooling

Cooling equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings

Weekly operating hours

Fewer than 40 8,220 5,083 1,601 590 947 Q 358 2,233 Q Q

40 to 48 15,828 14,512 3,289 2,362 1,994 521 2,421 7,330 281 Q

49 to 60 20,529 19,297 3,857 3,546 2,510 805 4,040 10,475 489 Q

61 to 84 15,867 15,170 2,885 2,672 1,671 524 2,560 9,911 403 Q

85 to 167 9,395 8,864 1,300 793 1,140 606 1,764 6,117 364 Q

Open continuously 17,253 16,368 1,832 2,574 4,158 2,005 5,897 9,087 325 Q

Ownership and occupancy

Nongovernment owned 67,550 60,960 12,846 9,142 9,115 2,104 10,175 36,119 1,373 Q

Owner occupied 30,637 28,174 6,442 4,113 4,591 1,478 4,184 15,037 643 Q

Leased to tenant(s) 26,115 23,907 4,937 3,345 2,856 297 3,678 15,687 576 Q

Owner occupied and leased 8,873 8,602 1,431 1,673 1,657 329 2,278 5,186 Q Q

Unoccupied 1,925 278 Q Q Q N Q Q N N

Government owned 19,543 18,334 1,919 3,396 3,305 2,504 6,866 9,034 545 Q

Federal 1,573 1,573 Q Q 407 Q 932 682 Q Q

State 5,539 5,252 511 636 761 1,448 1,798 2,246 Q Q

Local 12,431 11,508 1,250 2,582 2,137 612 4,135 6,106 Q Q

Party responsible for operation

and maintenance of energy

systems

Building owner 73,702 66,684 11,848 10,780 10,852 4,482 15,919 36,215 1,665 288

Business owner or tenant 11,309 10,677 2,562 1,414 1,156 Q 628 7,879 Q Q

Property management 1,250 1,172 Q Q Q Q 427 651 Q Q

Other 832 761 Q Q Q Q Q 407 N Q

Provider of direct input on energyrelated equipment purchases

Building owner 76,271 69,045 12,623 11,056 11,040 4,441 15,966 37,841 1,743 303

Business owner or tenant 8,256 7,825 1,698 1,026 1,067 Q 528 5,763 Q Q

Property management 880 840 Q Q Q Q Q 566 N Q

Other 1,686 1,583 363 361 Q Q Q 982 Q N
Residentialtype

central

air

conditionersHeat

pumps

Individual

air

conditioners

District 

chilled 

water

Central 

chillers

Packaged

air

conditioning 

units

Swamp 

coolers Other

All buildings 87,093 79,294 14,765 12,538 12,420 4,608 17,041 45,153 1,918 328

Table B41. Cooling equipment, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

cooling

Cooling equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings

Campus or complex activity

Not part of a campus or complex 52,275 48,314 10,348 6,993 7,505 Q 9,588 28,415 1,188 Q

Primary or secondary school 4,616 4,381 411 1,077 988 187 1,204 2,533 Q N

College or university 4,068 3,924 Q 333 Q 2,162 1,057 844 Q Q

Office complex 3,456 3,361 288 800 342 Q 1,013 1,816 Q Q

Retail complex 5,159 4,831 1,213 940 283 N Q 3,998 Q N

Storage complex 3,212 1,244 Q Q 333 N N 715 Q N

Religious campus or complex 1,932 1,722 498 338 248 Q Q 938 Q Q

Health care complex 3,362 3,316 246 571 640 730 1,987 1,578 Q Q

Lodging or resort complex 1,295 1,258 Q Q 533 Q 361 341 N N

Transportation complex 554 481 Q Q Q Q Q 213 N Q

Government complex 2,107 1,953 Q 272 568 Q 748 1,063 Q Q

Other 5,057 4,509 1,075 823 605 Q 586 2,699 Q Q

Renovations in buildings

constructed before 2008

(more than one may apply)

Any type of renovation 42,216 40,191 6,835 6,446 7,346 2,626 10,705 24,655 929 261

Addition or annex 13,022 12,778 1,841 2,050 2,877 863 4,542 8,301 307 Q

Reduction in floorspace 1,753 1,701 349 335 420 Q 465 973 Q N

Roof replacement 20,917 20,036 2,908 3,285 4,057 1,276 6,553 12,529 272 Q

Exterior wall replacement 4,230 4,119 699 675 1,057 Q 1,107 2,855 Q N

Interior wall reconfiguration 21,340 20,820 3,124 3,355 4,020 1,798 6,349 13,163 622 Q

Window replacement 12,265 11,724 1,867 2,049 2,600 701 3,789 7,060 289 Q

HVAC equipment upgrade 26,779 26,091 4,185 4,569 4,840 1,907 8,124 16,638 652 Q

Lighting upgrade 25,503 24,754 3,602 4,161 4,695 2,002 7,670 15,750 672 Q

Electrical upgrade 16,160 15,609 2,917 2,896 3,337 1,335 5,048 9,705 530 Q

Plumbing system upgrade 13,828 13,453 2,391 2,454 2,870 1,029 4,254 8,468 402 Q

Insulation upgrade 7,607 7,262 1,477 1,486 1,500 710 2,117 4,318 Q Q

Fire, safety, or security upgrade 17,196 16,710 2,318 3,277 3,656 1,343 6,233 10,322 572 Q

Structural upgrade 3,913 3,794 561 777 740 Q 1,156 2,231 Q Q

Other 848 819 Q Q Q Q Q 512 Q N

No renovations 39,154 33,877 7,144 5,152 4,571 1,802 5,166 17,608 896 Q

Buildings constructed 2008 or later 5,723 5,225 786 939 503 Q 1,169 2,890 Q N

Energy sources 

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 84,869 79,294 14,765 12,538 12,420 4,608 17,041 45,153 1,918 328

Natural gas 58,725 56,899 10,504 8,017 9,137 2,431 13,745 34,917 1,536 290

Fuel oil 20,200 19,309 1,335 2,873 4,046 2,134 9,596 11,023 519 Q

District heat 5,964 5,903 Q 575 902 3,730 1,958 2,072 Q Q

District chilled water 4,608 4,608 Q 268 636 4,608 393 833 Q Q

Propane 7,706 7,061 1,522 875 1,417 Q 1,122 4,277 316 Q

Other 3,826 3,573 550 540 623 Q 989 2,224 Q Q
Residentialtype

central

air

conditionersHeat

pumps

Individual

air

conditioners

District 

chilled 

water

Central 

chillers

Packaged

air

conditioning 

units

Swamp 

coolers Other

All buildings 87,093 79,294 14,765 12,538 12,420 4,608 17,041 45,153 1,918 328

Table B41. Cooling equipment, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

cooling

Cooling equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings

Cooling energy sources 

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 76,034 76,034 14,765 12,538 12,420 1,586 16,872 45,047 1,918 328

Natural gas 732 732 Q Q 174 Q 629 389 Q Q

District chilled water 4,608 4,608 Q 268 636 4,608 393 833 Q Q

Energy end uses 

(more than one may apply)

Buildings with space heating 80,078 76,834 14,158 12,464 11,953 4,561 16,685 43,820 1,879 328

Buildings with cooling 79,294 79,294 14,765 12,538 12,420 4,608 17,041 45,153 1,918 328

Buildings with water heating 79,015 76,414 14,089 12,214 11,960 4,511 16,843 43,713 1,878 319

Buildings with cooking 38,546 37,687 6,055 6,821 7,171 2,084 11,888 22,792 973 Q

Buildings with manufacturing 5,078 4,682 1,038 518 1,015 Q 488 2,998 Q Q

Buildings with electricity

generation 25,642 25,350 1,920 3,949 4,350 2,731 11,601 14,869 603 Q

Percent of floorspace cooled

Not cooled 7,799 N N N N N N N N N

1 to 50 18,891 18,891 5,109 2,214 4,303 Q 918 10,569 646 Q

51 to 99 22,728 22,728 3,376 3,930 3,662 1,953 7,090 13,777 554 Q

100 37,676 37,676 6,280 6,393 4,455 2,569 9,033 20,807 718 Q

Heating equipment (more than one 

may apply)

Heat pumps 11,846 11,772 1,516 10,037 2,015 325 2,333 5,282 379 Q

Furnaces 8,654 8,514 4,906 1,365 1,318 Q 579 4,004 Q Q

Individual space heaters 20,766 19,159 3,884 3,016 6,038 888 4,128 11,336 713 Q

District heat 5,925 5,864 Q 556 902 3,718 1,948 2,056 Q Q

Boilers 22,443 21,579 2,073 3,179 5,083 582 11,683 11,510 486 Q

Packaged heating units 49,188 48,053 8,975 6,851 6,096 756 7,259 35,944 1,416 Q

Other 1,574 1,534 356 Q Q Q Q 1,228 Q N

Cooling equipment (more than one 

may apply)

Residential-type central air 

conditioners 14,765 14,765 14,765 1,133 1,544 Q 457 3,800 299 Q

Heat pumps 12,538 12,538 1,133 12,538 1,915 268 2,095 5,460 477 Q

Individual air conditioners 12,420 12,420 1,544 1,915 12,420 636 2,757 6,177 259 Q

District chilled water 4,608 4,608 Q 268 636 4,608 393 833 Q Q

Central chillers 17,041 17,041 457 2,095 2,757 393 17,041 6,959 420 Q

Packaged air conditioning units 45,153 45,153 3,800 5,460 6,177 833 6,959 45,153 980 Q

Swamp coolers 1,918 1,918 299 477 259 Q 420 980 1,918 N

Other 328 328 Q Q Q Q Q Q N 328
Residentialtype

central

air

conditionersHeat

pumps

Individual

air

conditioners

District 

chilled 

water

Central 

chillers

Packaged

air

conditioning 

units

Swamp 

coolers Other

All buildings 87,093 79,294 14,765 12,538 12,420 4,608 17,041 45,153 1,918 328

Table B41. Cooling equipment, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

cooling

Cooling equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings

Main equipment replaced since 1990 

(more than one may apply)

Heating 27,558 26,409 5,304 5,000 5,084 Q 4,819 16,229 525 Q

Cooling 30,702 30,702 6,332 5,424 6,522 Q 6,679 18,251 593 Q

Separate computer areas

(more than one may apply)

Data center or server farm 11,105 11,093 453 2,215 2,279 1,682 5,842 6,206 204 Q

Computer-based training room 17,723 17,589 1,291 3,103 3,079 1,792 7,127 10,728 522 Q

Student or public computer center 14,341 14,090 1,483 2,607 2,774 1,793 5,379 7,523 371 Q

HVAC conservation features 

(more than one may apply)

Economizer cycle 30,749 30,749 1,983 5,147 4,218 2,929 11,210 20,743 730 265

Regular HVAC maintenance 69,244 67,839 11,049 11,344 9,663 4,276 16,544 40,519 1,645 319

Building automation system (BAS)2 37,051 36,692 2,808 5,759 4,350 3,944 14,272 22,155 913 288

Equipment usage reduced when 

building not in full use 

(more than one may apply)

Heating 63,167 61,087 11,286 10,063 8,745 3,180 13,143 35,824 1,601 288

Cooling 62,516 62,516 11,810 10,190 8,973 3,070 13,606 36,602 1,515 275

Lighting 78,594 74,511 14,171 11,946 11,558 4,303 16,238 41,967 1,914 302

 1These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and 

Renewable Energy (EERE). 

 2In earlier CBECS publications, BAS was referred to as Energy Management and Control System (EMCS).

 3

In versions of this table prior to January 2017, the row category labels for Separate computer areas and HVAC conservation features were reversed, i.e., the 

data in the Separate computer areas row category were actually for HVAC conservation features and vice versa.

 Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

 N = No cases in reporting sample.

 Notes: ● Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. ● See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definition of terms used 

in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from 

http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 Commercial Buildings 

Energy Consumption Survey.