Buildings Characteristics

Summary Tables 

(12 pages, 59 kb)

CONTENTS PAGES

1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of Workers, and Hours of 

Operation, 1995 

 

2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of Workers, Hours of 

Operation, and Age of Building, 1995

These data are from the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), a

national probability sample survey of commercial buildings sponsored by the Energy Information

Administration, that provides information on the use of energy in commercial buildings in the

United States. The 1995 CBECS was the sixth survey in a series begun in 1979. The data

were collected from a sample of 6,639 buildings representing 4.6 million commercial buildings

and 58.8 billion square feet of commercial floorspace in the U.S. The 1995 data are available

for the four Census regions and nine Census division.

Data provided here are in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission.

appropriate credit would be appreciated. A suggested citation is “U.S. Department of Energy,

Energy Information Administration, “A Look at Commercial Buildings in 1995: Characteristics,

Energy Consumption, and Energy Expenditures.”

Electronic Products and Services

Users can view and download selected pages, sections, or entire reports, search for

information, download data and analysis applications, and find out about new information

products and services.

Contact: Martha Johnson, Survey Manager (martha.johnson@eia.doe.gov)

World Wide Web: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/consumption

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Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Surveys
Table 1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of

 Workers, and Hours of Operation, 1995

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

(thousand)

Total

Floorspace

(million

square

feet)

Total

Workers

in All

Buildings

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Building

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Worker

Mean

Hours

per Week

RSE

Row

1.3 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.5 Factor

All Buildings .................................. 4,579 58,772 76,767 12.8 766 62 3.2

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 2,399 6,338 10,585 2.6 599 59 4.7

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 1,035 7,530 7,584 7.3 993 58 5.4

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 745 11,617 12,961 15.6 896 67 6.3

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 213 7,676 10,206 36.1 752 72 4.0

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 115 7,968 9,733 69.3 819 80 4.4

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 48 6,776 8,493 140.9 798 87 5.0

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 19 5,553 7,599 294.9 731 102 5.2

 Over 500,000 ................................ 6 5,313 9,604 896.4 553 108 7.7

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 309 7,740 10,096 25.1 767 51 7.1

 Food Sales .................................... 137 642 652 4.7 984 112 10.7

 Food Service ................................ 285 1,353 2,342 4.8 578 85 9.2

 Health Care ................................... 105 2,333 4,483 22.2 520 79 9.7

 Lodging ......................................... 158 3,618 2,748 22.8 1,317 156 8.3

 Mercantile and Service ................. 1,289 12,728 13,464 9.9 945 61 5.9

 Office ............................................ 705 10,478 27,053 14.9 387 52 5.8

 Public Assembly ........................... 326 3,948 2,997 12.1 1,317 53 10.1

 Public Order and Safety ................ 87 1,271 1,703 14.6 746 72 22.4

 Religious Worship ......................... 269 2,792 3,844 10.4 Q 41 15.1

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 580 8,481 4,904 14.6 1,730 59 10.6

 Other ............................................. 67 1,004 1,844 14.9 544 79 23.4

 Vacant ........................................... 261 2,384 638 9.1 3,735 19 19.4

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 353 3,673 3,658 10.4 1,004 56 10.1

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 562 6,710 7,352 11.9 913 55 9.7

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 867 9,298 10,220 10.7 910 54 7.0

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 718 10,858 14,389 15.1 755 62 6.6

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 813 11,333 15,039 13.9 754 68 5.7

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 846 12,252 20,200 14.5 607 67 7.0

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 218 2,590 3,900 11.9 664 61 10.9

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 202 2,059 2,008 10.2 1,025 71 13.2

Floors

 One ............................................... 3,018 24,552 25,372 8.1 968 59 4.3

 Two ............................................... 1,002 14,122 17,979 14.1 785 66 6.5

 Three ............................................ 399 7,335 8,464 18.4 867 62 8.5

 Four to Nine .................................. 148 8,789 14,576 59.4 603 84 8.3

 Ten or More .................................. 12 3,975 10,376 328.9 383 96 9.3

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 725 11,883 15,149 16.4 784 67 7.3

 Midwest ......................................... 1,139 14,322 16,976 12.6 844 59 6.6

 South ............................................ 1,750 20,830 26,500 11.9 786 60 5.3

 West .............................................. 964 11,736 18,142 12.2 647 63 7.0

Climate Zone: 45-Year

Average

 Fewer than 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................ 493 5,098 5,965 10.3 855 60 11.7

 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................... 975 14,597 16,896 15.0 864 64 6.4

 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................... 1,070 15,155 21,064 14.2 719 64 8.9

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............. 1,103 13,491 20,560 12.2 656 61 9.5

 More than 2,000 CDD and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............. 937 10,430 12,281 11.1 849 59 7.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of

 Workers, and Hours of Operation, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

(thousand)

Total

Floorspace

(million

square

feet)

Total

Workers

in All

Buildings

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Building

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Worker

Mean

Hours

per Week

RSE

Row

1.3 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.5 Factor

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 2,505 13,885 4,641 5.5 2,992 58 4.9

 5 to 9 ............................................. 798 6,291 5,157 7.9 1,220 61 5.9

 10 to 19 ......................................... 625 7,102 7,827 11.4 907 63 6.4

 20 to 49 ......................................... 400 9,132 11,533 22.8 792 72 5.9

 50 to 99 ......................................... 138 6,931 8,924 50.3 777 72 7.0

 100 to 249 ..................................... 71 5,988 9,843 84.4 608 85 6.0

 250 or More .................................. 43 9,443 28,841 220.1 327 84 10.5

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 899 6,134 5,765 6.8 1,064 14 12.6

 40 to 48 ......................................... 1,257 13,233 16,554 10.5 799 43 3.9

 49 to 60 ......................................... 969 12,242 17,759 12.6 689 54 3.8

 61 to 84 ......................................... 567 10,052 13,214 17.7 761 72 4.9

 85 to 167 ....................................... 420 6,202 6,960 14.8 891 105 5.5

 Open Continuously ....................... 466 10,908 16,514 23.4 661 168 2.0

Ownership and Occupancy

 Nongovernment Owned ................ 4,025 46,696 60,482 11.6 772 62 3.6

 Owner Occupied ......................... 3,158 35,573 46,882 11.3 759 63 4.0

 Nonowner Occupied ................... 698 9,697 13,379 13.9 725 65 6.7

 Unoccupied ................................. 170 1,426 Q 8.4 6,481 Q 22.5

 Government Owned ...................... 553 12,076 16,285 21.8 742 61 6.6

Predominant Exterior Wall

Material

 Masonry ........................................ 3,061 42,958 54,292 14.0 791 63 3.8

 Siding or Shingles ......................... 639 3,243 3,840 5.1 844 58 9.9

 Metal Panels ................................. 662 5,694 5,120 8.6 1,112 56 8.9

 Concrete Panels ........................... 106 4,069 6,394 38.2 636 64 11.5

 Window Glass ............................... 46 1,755 4,397 38.1 399 90 15.4

 Other ............................................. 50 660 2,107 13.2 313 90 24.6

 No One Major Type ...................... 15 393 616 26.9 638 69 27.4

Predominant Roof Material

 Built-Up ......................................... 1,369 24,481 33,783 17.9 725 65 4.9

 Shingles (Not Wood) ..................... 1,486 11,093 13,722 7.5 808 61 7.3

 Metal Surfacing ............................. 908 7,941 6,514 8.7 1,219 57 7.1

 Synthetic or Rubber ...................... 351 10,235 16,788 29.1 610 68 7.2

 Slate or Tile ................................... 202 1,920 2,121 9.5 905 63 11.6

 Wooden Materials ......................... 152 1,130 1,087 7.5 1,039 60 18.8

 Concrete ....................................... 58 1,335 1,694 23.1 788 50 20.3

 Other ............................................. 36 332 508 9.2 655 35 30.4

 No One Major Type ...................... Q 305 549 18.6 Q 47 28.4

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 4,343 57,076 76,513 13.1 746 63 3.1

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,478 38,145 50,217 15.4 760 64 3.7

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 607 14,421 22,976 23.7 628 64 7.5

 District Heat .................................. 110 5,658 10,413 51.5 543 91 11.2

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 2,521 4,441 47.7 568 88 12.9

 Propane ........................................ 589 5,344 7,709 9.1 693 66 12.5

 Wood ............................................ 126 699 547 5.6 1,278 53 18.9

 Coal .............................................. Q 397 199 22.9 1,997 61 33.8

 Solar ............................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

 Other ............................................. 71 1,154 1,723 16.2 670 72 16.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of

 Workers, and Hours of Operation, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

(thousand)

Total

Floorspace

(million

square

feet)

Total

Workers

in All

Buildings

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Building

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Worker

Mean

Hours

per Week

RSE

Row

1.3 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.5 Factor

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 1,467 22,156 34,032 15.1 651 66 5.7

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,211 31,535 40,247 14.3 784 61 4.1

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 504 6,606 8,211 13.1 804 61 9.6

 District Heat .................................. 109 5,606 10,374 51.4 540 91 11.2

 Propane ........................................ 301 2,025 3,898 6.7 Q 64 16.3

 Wood ............................................ 103 509 401 5.0 1,271 53 21.2

 Coal .............................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

 Solar ............................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

 Other ............................................. 25 318 432 12.9 735 57 20.5

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

 Electricity ...................................... 1,007 13,500 20,602 13.4 655 68 5.9

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,106 28,808 36,411 13.7 791 61 4.1

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 439 4,207 4,056 9.6 1,037 59 10.0

 District Heat .................................. 107 5,289 9,872 49.3 536 91 11.4

 Propane ........................................ 260 1,545 Q 5.9 Q 62 15.0

 Wood ............................................ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

 Coal .............................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

 Other ............................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 3,293 47,761 67,723 14.5 705 65 3.3

 Natural Gas ................................... 65 1,314 2,061 20.1 638 67 15.0

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 2,521 4,441 47.7 568 88 12.9

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 1,684 23,056 33,835 13.7 681 63 5.4

 Natural Gas ................................... 1,577 24,859 32,519 15.8 764 68 4.8

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 120 2,151 2,309 17.9 931 59 17.5

 District Heat .................................. 54 3,949 7,144 73.7 553 97 12.3

 Propane ........................................ 110 1,020 1,165 9.2 875 94 17.8

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 487 12,249 18,935 25.2 647 82 6.5

 Natural Gas ................................... 448 13,195 20,062 29.4 658 81 6.2

 Propane ........................................ 123 1,480 1,813 12.0 816 84 16.0

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 4,024 54,347 74,918 13.5 725 63 3.2

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 3,381 49,935 71,146 14.8 702 66 3.3

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 3,486 51,560 72,679 14.8 709 66 3.4

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 828 20,713 31,865 25.0 650 79 4.6

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 204 3,893 4,949 19.1 787 53 12.4

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 247 13,366 22,855 54.2 585 90 8.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of

 Workers, and Hours of Operation, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

(thousand)

Total

Floorspace

(million

square

feet)

Total

Workers

in All

Buildings

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Building

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Worker

Mean

Hours

per Week

RSE

Row

1.3 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.5 Factor

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 554 4,425 1,849 8.0 2,394 51 14.3

 1 to 50 ........................................... 555 6,227 4,248 11.2 1,466 49 9.8

 51 to 99 ......................................... 633 8,868 11,519 14.0 770 69 6.8

 100 ................................................ 2,836 39,252 59,151 13.8 664 64 3.7

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled .................................... 1,198 8,837 5,620 7.4 1,572 49 8.8

 1 to 50 ........................................... 930 15,027 12,404 16.2 1,211 57 6.1

 51 to 99 ......................................... 635 12,549 19,278 19.8 651 73 6.3

 100 ................................................ 1,816 22,359 39,464 12.3 567 68 4.8

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero .............................................. 36 189 Q 5.2 Q 57 26.4

 1 to 50 ........................................... 666 6,008 2,670 9.0 2,250 62 6.8

 51 to 99 ......................................... 745 9,692 12,055 13.0 804 61 6.7

 100 ................................................ 2,814 40,514 61,743 14.4 656 65 3.8

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 318 2,369 253 7.5 9,344 33 21.0

Percent Lit when Closed

 Zero .............................................. 1,644 13,101 12,689 8.0 1,033 42 6.0

 1 to 50 ........................................... 2,109 30,711 44,878 14.6 684 59 4.1

 51 to 100 ....................................... 87 1,914 2,574 22.0 744 74 14.2

 Never Closed ................................ 421 10,677 16,372 25.4 652 168 *

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 318 2,369 253 7.5 9,344 33 21.0

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 394 5,843 9,153 14.8 638 63 7.5

 Furnaces ....................................... 1,676 14,923 17,488 8.9 853 60 6.2

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 1,188 16,809 21,127 14.1 796 57 6.5

 District Heat .................................. 115 5,911 10,690 51.5 553 91 11.0

 Boilers ........................................... 610 16,754 24,573 27.5 682 73 6.6

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 1,031 16,893 23,460 16.4 720 68 5.1

 Other ............................................. 161 6,249 11,092 38.8 563 61 10.8

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................... 878 9,238 13,813 10.5 669 65 7.7

 Heat Pumps .................................. 457 6,931 10,724 15.2 646 65 7.3

 Individual Air Conditioners ............ 862 12,494 14,184 14.5 881 68 6.3

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 2,521 4,441 47.7 568 88 12.9

 Central Chillers ............................. 109 11,065 21,055 101.4 526 87 7.6

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ............................................. 1,431 26,628 38,210 18.6 697 69 4.2

 Swamp Coolers ............................ 186 2,451 2,800 13.2 876 66 13.6

 Other ............................................. 18 949 1,579 51.9 601 74 15.1

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

 Incandescent ................................ 2,479 35,715 49,241 14.4 725 65 4.0

 Standard Fluorescent ................... 3,885 53,984 74,912 13.9 721 65 3.1

 Compact Fluorescent .................... 364 14,273 25,623 39.2 557 85 6.4

 High-Intensity Discharge ............... 393 16,259 21,898 41.4 742 72 6.6

 Halogen ........................................ 302 9,665 16,479 32.0 587 78 9.8

 Other ............................................. 30 554 1,211 18.7 458 44 34.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of

 Workers, and Hours of Operation, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

(thousand)

Total

Floorspace

(million

square

feet)

Total

Workers

in All

Buildings

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Building

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Worker

Mean

Hours

per Week

RSE

Row

1.3 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.5 Factor

Water-Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Centralized System ....................... 2,671 31,656 42,093 11.9 752 65 3.8

 Distributed System ........................ 742 16,495 25,678 22.2 642 71 6.4

 Combination of Centralized

 and Distributed System ................ 73 3,409 4,909 46.4 694 73 12.8

Personal Computers and/or

Computer Terminals

 None ............................................. 2,039 12,571 8,017 6.2 1,568 54 6.3

 1 to 4 ............................................. 1,408 11,401 11,593 8.1 983 68 7.4

 5 to 9 ............................................. 437 5,372 6,528 12.3 823 66 7.4

 10 to 19 ......................................... 344 5,947 7,456 17.3 798 61 8.5

 20 to 49 ......................................... 198 7,048 8,647 35.6 815 69 7.5

 50 to 99 ......................................... 81 4,938 7,442 61.2 663 71 8.3

 100 to 249 ..................................... 46 5,189 8,426 112.9 616 84 7.4

 250 or More .................................. 26 6,307 18,657 240.9 338 92 6.7

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

 Commercial Food Preparation ...... 828 20,713 31,865 25.0 650 79 4.6

 Computer Room ........................... 234 12,890 25,663 55.0 502 72 5.9

 Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................. 243 6,753 9,804 27.8 689 99 12.2

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

 Roof or Ceiling Insulation .............. 3,380 46,355 65,811 13.7 704 64 3.6

 Wall Insulation .............................. 2,372 31,694 48,470 13.4 654 62 4.1

 Storm or Multiple Glazing ............. 1,897 28,876 42,927 15.2 673 66 4.6

 Tinted, Reflective or

 Shading Glass ............................. 1,202 24,245 41,824 20.2 580 66 5.1

 Exterior or Interior

 Shading or Awnings ..................... 2,271 37,208 55,742 16.4 668 65 3.7

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Variable Air-Volume System ......... 327 13,473 24,381 41.2 553 76 6.7

 Economizer Cycle ......................... 461 16,550 28,903 35.9 573 75 5.7

 HVAC Maintenance ...................... 2,403 43,134 64,503 18.0 669 68 3.8

 Other Energy Efficient

 Equipment .................................... 198 6,453 11,369 32.5 568 66 10.2

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Specular Reflectors ...................... 749 17,868 28,063 23.9 637 69 5.9

 Energy-Efficient Ballasts ............... 1,363 28,375 46,204 20.8 614 67 5.1

 Natural Lighting Control

 Sensors ........................................ 237 6,431 10,339 27.2 622 83 10.2

 Occupancy Sensors ...................... 131 5,958 11,564 45.6 515 66 11.1

 Time Clock .................................... 467 13,262 22,355 28.4 593 73 6.5

 Manual Dimmer Switches ............. 501 13,056 19,931 26.1 655 69 6.0

 Other ............................................. 79 2,836 4,501 35.8 630 71 13.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of

 Workers, and Hours of Operation, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

(thousand)

Total

Floorspace

(million

square

feet)

Total

Workers

in All

Buildings

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Building

(thousand)

Mean

Square

Feet per

Worker

Mean

Hours

per Week

RSE

Row

1.3 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.5 Factor

Energy Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Any Conservation Features .......... 4,075 55,288 75,532 13.6 732 63 3.2

 Building Shell ................................ 3,906 53,190 74,162 13.6 717 63 3.3

 HVAC ............................................ 2,529 44,657 65,999 17.7 677 68 3.7

 Lighting ......................................... 2,084 38,537 58,423 18.5 660 67 4.2

Off-Hour Equipment

Reduction (more than one

may apply)

 Heating ......................................... 3,211 38,326 51,920 11.9 738 52 3.5

 Cooling .......................................... 2,707 35,605 50,080 13.2 711 54 3.5

 Lighting ......................................... 3,753 44,937 59,715 12.0 753 52 3.4

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

* = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See

Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings

Energy Consumption Survey.
Table 2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of

 Workers, Hours of Operation, and Age of Building, 1995

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

(thousand)

Total

Floorspace

(million

square

feet)

Total

Workers

in All

Buildings

(thousand)

Median

Square

Feet per

Building

(thousand)

Median

Square

Feet

per

Worker

Median

Hours

per

Week

Median

Age of

Buildings

(years)

All Buildings .................................. 4,579 58,772 76,767 5.0 938 50 30.5

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 2,399 6,338 10,585 2.5 750 48 30.5

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 1,035 7,530 7,584 7.0 1,250 50 35.5

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 745 11,617 12,961 15.0 1,667 53 27.5

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 213 7,676 10,206 35.0 1,125 56 26.5

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 115 7,968 9,733 65.0 1,316 60 25.5

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 48 6,776 8,493 140.0 1,500 75 26.5

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 19 5,553 7,599 275.0 1,190 80 25.5

 Over 500,000 ................................ 6 5,313 9,604 700.0 813 84 24.5

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 309 7,740 10,096 8.5 1,000 45 33.5

 Food Sales .................................... 137 642 652 2.5 1,001 99 25.5

 Food Service ................................ 285 1,353 2,342 3.0 667 81 22.5

 Health Care ................................... 105 2,333 4,483 4.5 650 52 23.5

 Lodging ......................................... 158 3,618 2,748 9.0 2,267 168 30.5

 Mercantile and Service ................. 1,289 12,728 13,464 4.0 1,083 52 35.5

 Office ............................................ 705 10,478 27,053 4.0 464 45 23.5

 Public Assembly ........................... 326 3,948 2,997 6.0 1,500 50 31.5

 Public Order and Safety ................ 87 1,271 1,703 5.0 875 20 32.5

 Religious Worship ......................... 269 2,792 3,844 8.0 3,125 20 31.5

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 580 8,481 4,904 5.5 2,000 48 18.5

 Other ............................................. 67 1,004 1,844 5.0 1,000 50 26.5

 Vacant ........................................... 261 2,384 638 4.0 1,000 0 39.5

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 353 3,673 3,658 5.5 1,250 48 93.5

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 562 6,710 7,352 4.8 1,000 48 62.5

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 867 9,298 10,220 4.3 1,000 48 42.5

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 718 10,858 14,389 5.5 893 50 31.5

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 813 11,333 15,039 5.0 875 51 20.5

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 846 12,252 20,200 5.0 882 50 10.5

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 218 2,590 3,900 3.5 667 50 4.5

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 202 2,059 2,008 3.5 1,250 50 1.5

Floors

 One ............................................... 3,018 24,552 25,372 3.8 929 48 25.5

 Two ............................................... 1,002 14,122 17,979 7.0 882 50 35.5

 Three ............................................ 399 7,335 8,464 9.5 1,250 52 57.5

 Four to Nine .................................. 148 8,789 14,576 25.0 1,000 60 42.5

 Ten or More .................................. 12 3,975 10,376 200.0 429 68 28.5

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 725 11,883 15,149 5.0 1,000 52 38.5

 Midwest ......................................... 1,139 14,322 16,976 4.5 1,250 48 36.5

 South ............................................ 1,750 20,830 26,500 4.8 893 50 23.5

 West .............................................. 964 11,736 18,142 5.5 833 50 28.5

Climate Zone: 45-Year

Average

 Fewer than 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................ 493 5,098 5,965 4.0 938 50 29.5

 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................... 975 14,597 16,896 5.0 1,100 50 39.5

 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................... 1,070 15,155 21,064 5.5 1,000 50 32.5

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............. 1,103 13,491 20,560 5.0 800 50 25.5

 More than 2,000 CDD and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............. 937 10,430 12,281 4.8 950 48 25.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of

 Workers, Hours of Operation, and Age of Building, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

(thousand)

Total

Floorspace

(million

square

feet)

Total

Workers

in All

Buildings

(thousand)

Median

Square

Feet per

Building

(thousand)

Median

Square

Feet

per

Worker

Median

Hours

per

Week

Median

Age of

Buildings

(years)

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 2,505 13,885 4,641 3.0 1,583 48 31.5

 5 to 9 ............................................. 798 6,291 5,157 4.8 688 50 35.5

 10 to 19 ......................................... 625 7,102 7,827 7.5 600 50 25.5

 20 to 49 ......................................... 400 9,132 11,533 16.3 542 56 26.5

 50 to 99 ......................................... 138 6,931 8,924 37.5 563 55 24.5

 100 to 249 ..................................... 71 5,988 9,843 55.0 400 65 23.5

 250 or More .................................. 43 9,443 28,841 120.0 283 63 19.5

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 899 6,134 5,765 4.0 1,500 8 32.5

 40 to 48 ......................................... 1,257 13,233 16,554 4.8 833 44 32.5

 49 to 60 ......................................... 969 12,242 17,759 5.5 833 53 29.5

 61 to 84 ......................................... 567 10,052 13,214 6.0 1,000 72 31.5

 85 to 167 ....................................... 420 6,202 6,960 4.3 833 102 24.5

 Open Continuously ....................... 466 10,908 16,514 6.0 1,250 168 23.5

Ownership and Occupancy

 Nongovernment Owned ................ 4,025 46,696 60,482 4.8 938 50 29.5

 Owner Occupied ......................... 3,158 35,573 46,882 4.5 1,000 50 29.5

 Nonowner Occupied ................... 698 9,697 13,379 5.5 833 53 25.5

 Unoccupied ................................. 170 1,426 Q 3.8 750 0 39.5

 Government Owned ...................... 553 12,076 16,285 7.0 950 45 35.5

Predominant Exterior Wall

Material

 Masonry ........................................ 3,061 42,958 54,292 5.5 875 50 34.5

 Siding or Shingles ......................... 639 3,243 3,840 2.8 800 49 32.5

 Metal Panels ................................. 662 5,694 5,120 4.5 1,364 47 15.5

 Concrete Panels ........................... 106 4,069 6,394 12.5 893 60 19.5

 Window Glass ............................... 46 1,755 4,397 11.3 1,001 60 12.5

 Other ............................................. 50 660 2,107 2.5 625 81 35.5

 No One Major Type ...................... 15 393 616 12.5 2,083 60 7.5

Predominant Roof Material

 Built-Up ......................................... 1,369 24,481 33,783 6.0 875 51 34.5

 Shingles (Not Wood) ..................... 1,486 11,093 13,722 3.5 917 48 31.5

 Metal Surfacing ............................. 908 7,941 6,514 4.8 1,333 47 15.5

 Synthetic or Rubber ...................... 351 10,235 16,788 8.5 750 50 32.5

 Slate or Tile ................................... 202 1,920 2,121 4.8 917 45 39.5

 Wooden Materials ......................... 152 1,130 1,087 6.0 1,250 50 40.5

 Concrete ....................................... 58 1,335 1,694 4.0 750 48 23.5

 Other ............................................. 36 332 508 2.0 1,200 5 36.5

 No One Major Type ...................... Q 305 549 2.0 750 48 68.5

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 4,343 57,076 76,513 5.0 929 50 30.5

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,478 38,145 50,217 6.0 917 50 35.5

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 607 14,421 22,976 4.8 1,000 50 35.5

 District Heat .................................. 110 5,658 10,413 12.5 944 60 36.5

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 2,521 4,441 12.5 1,250 65 30.5

 Propane ........................................ 589 5,344 7,709 4.0 1,000 50 20.5

 Wood ............................................ 126 699 547 3.3 1,500 50 32.5

 Coal .............................................. Q 397 199 7.0 7,000 53 20.5

 Solar ............................................. Q Q Q 5.5 688 53 19.5

 Other ............................................. 71 1,154 1,723 4.0 750 60 38.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of

 Workers, Hours of Operation, and Age of Building, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

(thousand)

Total

Floorspace

(million

square

feet)

Total

Workers

in All

Buildings

(thousand)

Median

Square

Feet per

Building

(thousand)

Median

Square

Feet

per

Worker

Median

Hours

per

Week

Median

Age of

Buildings

(years)

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 1,467 22,156 34,032 5.5 792 50 21.5

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,211 31,535 40,247 5.5 917 50 35.5

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 504 6,606 8,211 4.0 1,000 50 38.5

 District Heat .................................. 109 5,606 10,374 12.5 944 60 37.5

 Propane ........................................ 301 2,025 3,898 3.3 1,500 48 18.5

 Wood ............................................ 103 509 401 3.3 1,500 50 35.5

 Coal .............................................. Q Q Q 3.5 500 45 20.5

 Solar ............................................. Q Q Q 65.0 1,300 168 21.5

 Other ............................................. 25 318 432 3.0 750 48 36.5

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

 Electricity ...................................... 1,007 13,500 20,602 5.0 750 50 20.5

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,106 28,808 36,411 5.5 917 50 35.5

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 439 4,207 4,056 4.0 1,000 50 39.5

 District Heat .................................. 107 5,289 9,872 12.5 944 60 36.5

 Propane ........................................ 260 1,545 Q 3.0 1,500 48 15.5

 Wood ............................................ Q Q Q 4.0 1,563 46 36.5

 Coal .............................................. Q Q Q 37.5 721 40 39.5

 Other ............................................. Q Q Q 11.3 1,607 51 37.5

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 3,293 47,761 67,723 5.0 833 50 28.5

 Natural Gas ................................... 65 1,314 2,061 9.5 855 50 40.5

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 2,521 4,441 12.5 1,250 65 30.5

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 1,684 23,056 33,835 5.0 800 50 22.5

 Natural Gas ................................... 1,577 24,859 32,519 6.0 893 54 35.5

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 120 2,151 2,309 4.3 875 50 39.5

 District Heat .................................. 54 3,949 7,144 27.5 1,300 82 30.5

 Propane ........................................ 110 1,020 1,165 3.5 1,167 88 27.5

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 487 12,249 18,935 5.5 750 80 23.5

 Natural Gas ................................... 448 13,195 20,062 8.5 800 75 33.5

 Propane ........................................ 123 1,480 1,813 3.3 500 84 19.5

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 4,024 54,347 74,918 5.0 893 50 30.5

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 3,381 49,935 71,146 5.0 833 50 28.5

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 3,486 51,560 72,679 5.0 859 50 30.5

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 828 20,713 31,865 7.0 800 72 28.5

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 204 3,893 4,949 8.0 1,100 48 29.5

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 247 13,366 22,855 12.5 833 67 30.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of

 Workers, Hours of Operation, and Age of Building, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

(thousand)

Total

Floorspace

(million

square

feet)

Total

Workers

in All

Buildings

(thousand)

Median

Square

Feet per

Building

(thousand)

Median

Square

Feet

per

Worker

Median

Hours

per

Week

Median

Age of

Buildings

(years)

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 554 4,425 1,849 3.8 1,250 36 25.5

 1 to 50 ........................................... 555 6,227 4,248 5.5 1,625 45 30.5

 51 to 99 ......................................... 633 8,868 11,519 6.0 875 55 35.5

 100 ................................................ 2,836 39,252 59,151 5.0 833 50 28.5

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled .................................... 1,198 8,837 5,620 3.8 1,500 41 34.5

 1 to 50 ........................................... 930 15,027 12,404 7.0 1,250 50 35.5

 51 to 99 ......................................... 635 12,549 19,278 5.5 750 56 35.5

 100 ................................................ 1,816 22,359 39,464 4.8 750 50 23.5

Percent Lit when Open

 Zero .............................................. 36 189 Q 1.8 938 50 16.5

 1 to 50 ........................................... 666 6,008 2,670 4.8 2,000 50 35.5

 51 to 99 ......................................... 745 9,692 12,055 5.0 917 49 34.5

 100 ................................................ 2,814 40,514 61,743 5.0 833 50 26.5

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 318 2,369 253 4.0 4,250 0 35.5

Percent Lit when Closed

 Zero .............................................. 1,644 13,101 12,689 4.0 1,188 44 30.5

 1 to 50 ........................................... 2,109 30,711 44,878 5.5 761 50 30.5

 51 to 100 ....................................... 87 1,914 2,574 6.0 818 60 30.5

 Never Closed ................................ 421 10,677 16,372 6.0 1,250 168 25.5

 Building Not in Use/

 Electricity Not Used ..................... 318 2,369 253 4.0 4,250 0 35.5

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 394 5,843 9,153 5.0 667 48 19.5

 Furnaces ....................................... 1,676 14,923 17,488 4.8 938 50 34.5

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 1,188 16,809 21,127 5.0 1,125 49 30.5

 District Heat .................................. 115 5,911 10,690 12.5 944 65 35.5

 Boilers ........................................... 610 16,754 24,573 9.0 909 53 39.5

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 1,031 16,893 23,460 5.5 750 50 21.5

 Other ............................................. 161 6,249 11,092 10.0 1,300 52 29.5

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................... 878 9,238 13,813 5.0 750 50 30.5

 Heat Pumps .................................. 457 6,931 10,724 5.0 700 48 19.5

 Individual Air Conditioners ............ 862 12,494 14,184 4.5 1,125 50 40.5

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 2,521 4,441 12.5 1,250 65 30.5

 Central Chillers ............................. 109 11,065 21,055 45.0 1,000 65 28.5

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ............................................. 1,431 26,628 38,210 6.5 800 52 23.5

 Swamp Coolers ............................ 186 2,451 2,800 4.8 792 56 30.5

 Other ............................................. 18 949 1,579 18.8 900 60 39.5

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

 Incandescent ................................ 2,479 35,715 49,241 5.0 917 50 32.5

 Standard Fluorescent ................... 3,885 53,984 74,912 5.0 889 50 29.5

 Compact Fluorescent .................... 364 14,273 25,623 11.3 750 66 23.5

 High-Intensity Discharge ............... 393 16,259 21,898 12.5 1,067 53 27.5

 Halogen ........................................ 302 9,665 16,479 8.0 915 60 28.5

 Other ............................................. 30 554 1,211 2.0 1,500 45 32.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of

 Workers, Hours of Operation, and Age of Building, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

(thousand)

Total

Floorspace

(million

square

feet)

Total

Workers

in All

Buildings

(thousand)

Median

Square

Feet per

Building

(thousand)

Median

Square

Feet

per

Worker

Median

Hours

per

Week

Median

Age of

Buildings

(years)

Water-Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Centralized System ....................... 2,671 31,656 42,093 4.8 833 50 31.5

 Distributed System ........................ 742 16,495 25,678 9.5 875 55 25.5

 Combination of Centralized

 and Distributed System ................ 73 3,409 4,909 10.0 1,000 50 26.5

Personal Computers and/or

Computer Terminals

 None ............................................. 2,039 12,571 8,017 3.5 1,500 45 31.5

 1 to 4 ............................................. 1,408 11,401 11,593 4.3 900 53 30.5

 5 to 9 ............................................. 437 5,372 6,528 6.0 600 50 23.5

 10 to 19 ......................................... 344 5,947 7,456 8.5 563 50 25.5

 20 to 49 ......................................... 198 7,048 8,647 20.0 694 50 25.5

 50 to 99 ......................................... 81 4,938 7,442 40.0 625 54 29.5

 100 to 249 ..................................... 46 5,189 8,426 65.0 600 60 24.5

 250 or More .................................. 26 6,307 18,657 140.0 360 70 18.5

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

 Commercial Food Preparation ...... 828 20,713 31,865 7.0 800 72 28.5

 Computer Room ........................... 234 12,890 25,663 16.3 654 50 19.5

 Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................. 243 6,753 9,804 8.0 882 85 31.5

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

 Roof or Ceiling Insulation .............. 3,380 46,355 65,811 5.0 875 50 26.5

 Wall Insulation .............................. 2,372 31,694 48,470 5.0 833 50 21.5

 Storm or Multiple Glazing ............. 1,897 28,876 42,927 5.5 813 50 26.5

 Tinted, Reflective or

 Shading Glass ............................. 1,202 24,245 41,824 6.0 750 50 21.5

 Exterior or Interior

 Shading or Awnings ..................... 2,271 37,208 55,742 6.0 813 50 28.5

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Variable Air-Volume System ......... 327 13,473 24,381 12.5 750 50 23.5

 Economizer Cycle ......................... 461 16,550 28,903 10.0 800 57 21.5

 HVAC Maintenance ...................... 2,403 43,134 64,503 6.0 833 51 28.5

 Other Energy Efficient

 Equipment .................................... 198 6,453 11,369 7.0 688 55 23.5

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Specular Reflectors ...................... 749 17,868 28,063 6.0 1,000 50 28.5

 Energy-Efficient Ballasts ............... 1,363 28,375 46,204 6.0 750 50 25.5

 Natural Lighting Control

 Sensors ........................................ 237 6,431 10,339 8.0 885 63 28.5

 Occupancy Sensors ...................... 131 5,958 11,564 12.5 1,111 50 38.5

 Time Clock .................................... 467 13,262 22,355 8.0 724 55 27.5

 Manual Dimmer Switches ............. 501 13,056 19,931 9.5 1,100 55 26.5

 Other ............................................. 79 2,836 4,501 10.0 688 60 20.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Summary Table: Totals and Medians of Floorspace, Number of

 Workers, Hours of Operation, and Age of Building, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

(thousand)

Total

Floorspace

(million

square

feet)

Total

Workers

in All

Buildings

(thousand)

Median

Square

Feet per

Building

(thousand)

Median

Square

Feet

per

Worker

Median

Hours

per

Week

Median

Age of

Buildings

(years)

Energy Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

 Any Conservation Features .......... 4,075 55,288 75,532 5.0 900 50 29.5

 Building Shell ................................ 3,906 53,190 74,162 5.0 875 50 28.5

 HVAC ............................................ 2,529 44,657 65,999 6.0 850 50 28.5

 Lighting ......................................... 2,084 38,537 58,423 6.0 875 51 28.5

Off-Hour Equipment

Reduction (more than one

may apply)

 Heating ......................................... 3,211 38,326 51,920 4.8 875 48 30.5

 Cooling .......................................... 2,707 35,605 50,080 5.0 833 50 28.5

 Lighting ......................................... 3,753 44,937 59,715 5.0 889 48 30.5

 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

* = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary

for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings

Energy Consumption Survey.